01-03-2017 to 30-03-2017 sakshi bhavita.pdf

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Which is the highest National Award? 1. Which of the following Constitutional Amendment Acts was said to be a 'Mini Constitution'? (A) 42nd (B) 44th (C) 46th (D) 50th 2. The Government of India declared which of the following rivers a National River? (A) Brahmaputra (B) Yamuna (C) Ganga (D) Kaveri 3. Which is the National Emblem of India? (A) Dharmachakra (B) Star and Crescent (C) Lion and Sword (D) The Great Wall 4. 'Consent of people' means consent of: (A) A few people (B) All people (C) Majority of the people (D) Leader of the people 5. Despotism is possible in a: (A) One Party State (B) Two Party State (C) Multi Party State (D) None of these 6. The basic parameters of India's Foreign Policy were laid down by: (A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad (B) Dr. Radhakrishnan (C) Jawaharlal Nehru (D) Zakir Hussain 7. Which one of the following political theories advocates the withering away of the State? (A) Capitalism (B) Fascism (C) Marxism (D) Democratic Socialism 8. Which is the only State in India to have the Common Civil Code? (A) Jammu and Kashmir (B) Mizoram

Competitive Guidance

Indian Polity

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(C) Nagaland (D) Goa Which is the highest National Award? (A) Padmashree (B) Padma Vibhushan (C) Bharat Ratna (D) Ashok Chakra On whose vision was the term 'democratic socialism'described? (A) Mahatma Gandhi (B) Jawaharlal Nehru (C) Sardar Patel (D) Indira Gandhi Who is the author of the book 'A Foreign Policy of India'? (A) I.K. Gujral (B) B.G. Deshmukh (C) L.K. Advani (D) A.J. Toynbee The number of members included in the Constitution Drafting Committee was: (A) Seven (B) Nine (C) Eleven (D) Thirteen Which of the following States has the largest representation in the Lok Sabha? (A) Bihar (B) Maharashtra

M>Æý‡Å§ýlÇØ ç³™ólÅMýS…

(C) Madhya Pradesh (D) Uttar Pradesh 14. The Constitution of India does not mention the post of: (A) the deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (B) the deputy Prime Minister (C) the deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha (D) None of these 15. The members of the State Legislative Assembly are elected for what period? (A) 2 years (B) 6 years (C) 4 years (D) 5 years 16. Chief Ministers of all the States are ex-officio members of the: (A) Finance Commission (B) Planning Commission (C) National Development Council (D) Inter State Council 17. The minimum age required for becoming the Prime Minister of India is: (A) 25 years (B) 30 years (C) 40 years (D) 35 years 18. The 'Presidents Rule' in a State means that the state is ruled by: (A) the President directly (B) a caretaker government

(C) the Chief Minister (D) the Governor of a State 19. Which is the highest court of appeal in India? (A) High Court (B) Privy Council (C) Supreme Court (D) President 20. The Election Commission does not conduct Elections to the: (A) Lok Sabha (B) Rajya Sabha (C) Local Bodies (D) President's elections 21. How many times has financial emergency been declared in India so far? (A) Once (B) 4 times (C) 5 times (D) Never 22. The first leader of opposition to be given the status and rank of a Cabinet Minister was: (A) A.K. Gopalan (B) Y.B. Chavan (C) C.M. Stephen (D) P. Upendra

KEY 1.A

2.C

3.A

4.C

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.D

9.C

10.B

11.A

12.A

13.D 14.B

15.D

16.D

17.A 18.D

19.C

20.C

21.D 22.B

N.D.Nagesh Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

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MODERN INDIAN HISTORY BITs 1. Consider the following features of Government of India act 1935: 1.provision for Federation of India 2. Compulsory accession to Federation of India 3. Partial Reorganization of provinces Which among the above features hold correct ? A) 1 only B) 1 & 2 C) 2 & 3 D) 1 & 3 2. Which among the following act provided for the Public Service Commission in India for the first time? A) Government of India Act 1919 B) Indian Councils act 1909 C) Government of India Act 1935 D) Government of India act 1858 3. Which among the following led to Jallianwalla Bagh massacre? A) The Arms Act B) The Rowlatt Act C) The Public Safety Act D) Vernacular Press Act 4. The government of India act 1935 provided for: 1. Provincial autonomy 2. Establishment of federal court 3. All India federation at the center Which among the above hold correct? A) 1 only B) 1 & 2 only C) 2 & 3 only D) All of them 5. Which of the following acts of the British India strengthened the Viceroys authority over his executive councils by substituting "portfolio" or departmental system for Corporate Functioning? A) Indian Councils Act 1861 B) Government of India Act 1858 C) Indian Councils Act 1892 D) Indian councils Act 1909 6. By which of the following for the first time, British govern-

ment recognized the "Right of Dominion" for India? A) August Declaration B) August Offer C) Cripps Mission D) Montague Declaration 7. Which among the following act was known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime act 1919? A) Indian Arms Act B) Pitts India Act C) Ilbert Bill D) Rowlatt Act 8. In which year "Poorna Swarajya" resolution was adopted by the Indian National Congress? A) 1927 B) 1928 C) 1929 D) 1930 9. Father of renaissance of Western India was__? A) B.M. Malabari B) M.G. Ranade C) R.G. Bhandarkar D) K.T. Telang 10. Who is often called as Hindu Luther of Northern India ? A) Dayanand Saraswati B) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar C) Radhakant Dev D) Keshav Chandra Sen 11. Who inspired the young Bengal Movement in the 19th century ? A) Ram Tanu Lahiri B) Henry Vivian Dorozev C) Rasik Kumar Malik D) Piyare Chand Mitra KEY 1. D

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. A

6. C

7. D

8. C

9. B

10. B

11. B

K.Srinivas Chowhan Senior faculty

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●

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MýSã…VýS Ìê¯]lÞÆŠ‡Þ fr$t àMîS C…yìlÄ¶æ* ÎVŠS&2017 OsñæsìæÌŒæ VðSË$^èl$MýS$…¨. bèl…yîlVýSÉŠæÌZ íœ{ºÐ]lÇ 26¯]l fÇW¯]l Oòœ¯]lÌZÏ §ýl»ê…VŠS Ð]l¬…O»ñæOò³ ÑfÄ¶æ$… Ýë«¨…_…¨. E™èl¢Æý‡{ç³§ólÔŒæ ÑgêÆŠ‡Þz fr$t Ð]lÊyø Ýë¦¯l] …ÌZ °Í_…¨. ●

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BMóS´ësìæ }°ÐéçÜ$Ë$ Æð‡yìlz MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠ‡Þ °ç³#×æ$Ë$, BÆŠæïÜ Æð‡yìlz çÜtyîl çÜÇPÌŒæ, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ

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Ô¶æ${MýSÐéÆý‡… 3-3-2017

çœ$¯éË ç³È„ýS (CUBES TEST)

JMýS çÜÐ]l$ çœ$¯é°MìS

f

F

j D

h IV

g

i

I a

A

k

c

V IV

d

G

E II

C

1.

b

2.

III H l

3. B

8 ÖÆ>ÛË$ & A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H 6 ™èlÌêË$ & I, II, III, IV, V, VI I, II & MìS…§ýl, òO ³¯]l III, IV - ç³MýSP¯]l, (MýS$yìl, GyýlÐ]l$) V, VI - Ððl¯]l$MýS, Ð]l¬…§ýl$. 12 A…^èl$Ë$ & a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l ❖ JMýS ò³§ýlª œ ç $¯]l… A…^èl$ ´÷yýlÐ]l# "A" òÜ….Ò$.Ë$ AÆ‡¬™ól §é°² "a" òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² _¯]l² çœ$¯éË$V> ÑyýlVöyìl™ól AÑ HÆý‡µyól Üç …QÅ =  A 

4. 1. 2.

E§é: 1) 10 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ ´÷yýlÐ]l# E¯]l² JMýS ò³§ýlª çœ$¯éM>Æý‡ "MóSMŠæ'¯]l$ 2 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² _¯]l² çœ$¯éM>Æý‡ MóSMŠæ Ð]l¬MýSPË$V> MýS†¢ÇõÜ¢ G°² HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. f. MóSMŠæ Ð]l¬MýSPË$ 3

4.

3

Ððl*yýlÌŒæ &1 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² JMýS ò³§ýlª çœ$¯é°MìS ç³NÇ¢V> Æý‡…VýS$ ç³NíÜ¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl "a" òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² _¯]l² çœ$¯éË$V> ÑyýlVöyìl™ól HÆý‡µyól çœ$¯éË çÜ…QÅ "A"

3

A =  a

AÑ: 1) 3 ÐO lð ³ç #Ë (3 ™èlÌêËMýS$) Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ "8' HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. 2) 2 ÐO lð ³ç #Ë (2 ™èlÌêËMýS$) Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² œç $¯éË$ A  12  − 2  HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. a 



3) 1 ÐO lð ³ç # (1 ™èlÌê°MìS) Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ 6  A − 2  HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. 2

a



4) AçÜË$ Æý‡…VýS$ Ìôæ° œç $¯éË$

A   − 2 a 

3

HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. E§éçßæÆý‡×æ: 8 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² JMýS ò³§ýlª œç $¯é°MìS

a



 2

l=4 h=6



3. 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ HOÐðl¯é 2 ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? (A…sôæ R&B, B&G, G&B Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²)

3

 

Oò³ çÜÐ]l$çÜÅÌZ 4 {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë fÐéº$Ë$ MýS*yìl™ól 64 Ð]lÜç $¢…¨. (8+24+24+8=64)

f.

Ððl*yýlÌŒæ&2

A   12  = 4  − 2  = 4  − 2  = 4(6 − 2) a   2 

4. JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 6  Aa − 2  = 6  122 − 2  = 6(6 − 2)

JMýS ò³§ýlª œç $¯é°MìS 3 ÐO lð ³ç #Ë Æð‡yŠæ, {X¯Œæ, »êÏMæŠ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólíÜ Ðésìæ G§ýl$Æð‡§ýl$Æý‡$ ™èlÌêËMýS$ MýS*yé Æð‡yŠæ, {X¯Œæ, »êÏMŠæ Æý‡…VýS$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. ❖ CÌê ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éË¯]l$ MìS…¨ çÜ*{™éË B«§éÆý‡…V> MýS¯]l$Vö¯éÍ. 1. Ð]lÊyýl$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éË çÜ…QÅ (R, G, B Æý‡…VýS$ VýSË œ ç $¯éË Üç …QÅ) = 8 2. HOÐðl¯é Æð‡…yýl$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² Ððl¬™èl¢… œç $¯éË Üç …QÅ = 12  Aa − 2  

2



4[(l–2) + (b–2) + (h–2)]=4 [(4–2)+(3–2)+(6–2)] = 4(2+1+4) =28



2

2[(l–2) (b –2) + (b–2) (h–2) +(h–2) (l–2)] =2[(4–2) (3–2) + (3–2) (6–2) + (6–2) (4–2)] = 2 (2×1+1×4+4×2) = 2(2+4+8) =2 (14) = 28

2

2

= 2 × 16 = 32



4. 0&™èlÌê°MìS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°² Ìôæ§é (Æý‡…VýS$Ìôæ° çœ$¯éÌñæ°²)? f.

6. Æý‡…VýS$ Ìôæ° ™èlÌêË$ E¯]l² œç $¯éË$ G°² (A…sôæ o- ™èlÌêËMýS$ Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$)? f.  A − 2  =  12 − 2  3

a

AÆý‡…¦ ) 4. JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ MýSÍW¯]l œç $¯éË çÜ…QÅ = 6  A − 2 



3

 2

= (6–2)3 = 43 = 64

(l–2) (b–2) (h–2) = (4–2) (3–2) (6–2) = 2×1×4=8



Ððl*yýlÌŒæ&4

Ððl*yýlÌŒæ&3

2



JMýS çœ$¯]l…ÌZ {ç³† ¿¶æ$gê°² ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ ¿êV>Ë$ ^ólíÜ JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ ÐólíÜ¯]lç³#µyýl$ MìS…¨ çÜ*{™éË¯]l$ A¯]l$çÜÇ…^éÍ. l = ´÷yýlÐ]l#, b = ÐðlyýlË$µ, h = G™èl$¢ 1Ð]l ¿¶æ$gê°² l ¿êV>Ë$, 2Ð]l ¿¶æ$gê°² b ¿êV>Ë$, 3Ð]l ¿¶æ$gê°² h ¿êV>Ë$ ^ólÔ>Æý‡¯]l$Mø…yìl.

5. HO§ðl¯é JMýS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË çÜ…QÅ (A…sôæ R Ìôæ§é B Ìôæ§é G Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² A œç $¯éË$ A° AÆý‡…¦ ) = 2  a − 2  2





2

5. HO§ðl¯é JMýS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°² (A…sôæ R Ìôæ§é G Ìôæ§é B Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éË$) A 12 f. 2  a − 2  = 2  2 − 2  = 2(6 − 2)

A  = 4 − 2 a 

a

3. 1 ™èlÌê°MìS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f.

2

= 6 × 16 = 96

3. HOÐðl¯é Æð‡…yýl$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éË çÜ…QÅ (A…sôæ R&B Ìôæ§é R&G Ìôæ§é G& B A°





6. Æý‡…VýS$Ìôæ° çœ$¯éË çÜ…QÅ (0& ™èlÌê°MìS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË çÜ…QÅ)

b=3

1. 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 8 2. 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f.

= 4 × 4 = 16

❖

çœ$¯]l…ÌZ° 3 ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ ¿¶æ$gêË¯]l$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ ¿êV>Ë$ ^ólíÜ 3 ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. Ðésìæ G§ýl$Æý‡$ ™èlÌêËMýS$ MýS*yé AÐól Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. (OÐðlsŒæ, {X¯Œæ, º*Ï) 1. 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 8 2. 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²?

Parliamentary Committees Parliamentary Committee means a committee, which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House or to the Speaker and the Secretariat for which is provided by the LokSabha Secretariat. ● Broadly, the Parliamentary Committees may be classified into the two categories: (i) Ad hoc Committee and (ii) Standing Committee.

M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒl OVðSyðl¯ŒlÞ Indian Polity

Ad hoc Committees ●

●

Ad hoc committees are constituted by the House or by the Presiding Officers, singly or jointly, for a specific purpose and cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submit a report. The usual Ad hoc committees are the select or joint committees on Bills and others like the Railway convention committee, set-up to review the rate of dividend payable by railways to the general revenues, and those constituted to enquire into and report on specific subject. Joint Parliamentary Committees

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Joint Parliamentary Committee is one type of Ad hoc Parliamentary committees constituted by Parliament. It is mandated to inquire into a specific subject. A JPC (Joint Parliamentary committee) is constituted either through a motion adopted by one House and concurred by the other or through communication between the presiding officers of the two houses. The members are either elected by the Houses or nominated by the presiding officers. The strength of a JPC may vary. The terms of reference of a JPC are decided by the parliament itself. JPC have overarching powers of summoning any authority including the Prime Minister and

seeking attendance. Standing Committees ●

●

Standing committees are those committees, which are either elected by the House or nominated by the Presiding Officer(s) (i.e. the Speaker in the case of the LokSabha and the Chairman in the case of the RajyaSabha) periodically and are permanent in nature. Some important Standing Committees of the LokSabha are as follows: 1. The Business Advisory Committee 2. Committee on Privileges 3. Committee on Government Assurances 4. Estimates Committee 5. Rules Committee 6. Committee on Empowerment of Women 7. Committee on public Undertakings 8. Committee on the Welfare of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 9. Public Accounts Committee Financial Committees

Committee on Estimates ● The Estimates committee constituted for the first time in 1950 is a Parliamentary committee consisting of 30 members selected every year by the LokSabha amongst its members in proportion of party strength. It is the largest committee of the

Parliament. A minister cannot be elected as a member of the committee. The term of office of the committee is 1 year. Function of Estimate Committee ● Report what economies, improvements in organization, efficiency of administrative reform, consistent with the policy underlying the estimates may be effected. ● Suggest alternative policies in order to bring about efficiency and economy in administration. ● Examine whether the money is well laid out within the limits of the policy implied in the estimates; and Suggest the form in, which the estimates shall be presented to Parliament. The Committee does not exercise its functions in relation to such public undertakings as are allotted to the Committee on Public Undertakings by the Rules of Procedure of LokSabha or by the speaker. Public Accounts Committee It is the oldest committee in existence from 1921. The committee consists of not more than 22 members including 15 members of LokSabha and 7 members of RajyaSabha. The members are elected by their respective Houses. The Chairman is appointed by the Speaker and is usually from the opposition party. Functions of the Committee are as follows: 1. The main function of PAC is to ●

f. 4 [(l–2) + (b–2) + (h–2)] 3. OÐðlsŒæ, {X¯Œæ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 4 (l–2) 4. OÐðlsŒæ, º*Ï Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 4 (h–2) 5. {X¯Œæ, º*Ï Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 4 (b–2) 6. JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 [(l–2) (b–2) + (b–2) (h–2)+

ç³…^éÄ¶æ$¡ òÜ{MýSrÈ {ç³™ólÅMýS… Èf°…VŠæ

(h–2) (l–2)]

= 12 × 4 = 48

3

3

JMýS œç $¯é°MìS ³ç NÇ¢V> JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ ³ç NíÜ _¯]l² çœ$¯éË$V> ÑyýlVöyìl™ól..

3

¯øsŒæ: òO ³ Üç Ð]l$çÜÅÌZ 8 òÜ….Ò$. E¯]l² œç $¯é°², 2 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² _¯]l² œç $¯éË$V> 8 ÑyýlVöyìl™ól  2  = 4 = 64 HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬.

 A   10  =   =   = 53 = 125 a  2

❖

òO ³¯]l ò³§ýlª œç $¯]l… 12 òÜ….Ò$ A…^èl$ E¯]l² §é°² 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ R, G, B Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólíÜ Ðésìæ G§ýl$Æð‡§ýl$Æý‡$ ™èlÌêËMýS$ MýS*yé R, G, B Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. AÆ‡¬™ól §é°² 2 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² _¯]l² çœ$¯éË$V> ÑyýlVöyìl™ól.. 1. 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ G°²? f. 8 2. 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ 2 ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. = 12  A − 2  = 12  12 − 2  = 12(6 − 2)

2

A  8  3  − 2  =  − 2 = 2 = 8 a  2 

HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. 4. Æý‡…VýS$Ìôæ° ™èlÌêË$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ Ìôæ§é (0& Æý‡…VýS$¯]l² ™èlÌêË$) = (l–2) (b–2) (h–2) HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. E§éçßæÆý‡×æ: çœ$¯]l… ´÷yýlÐ]l#¯]l$ 4, ÐðlyýlË$µ¯]l$ 3, G™èl$¢¯]l$ 6 ¿êV>Ë$ ^ólÜí JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$

G

= 12(4–2) = 12×2 = 24 2

(b–2) + (b–2) (h–2) + (h–2) (l–2)]

R

A  8  12  − 2  = 12  − 2  a  2  A  8  6  − 2  = 6  − 2  = 6(2) 2 = 24 a  2 

1. 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ JMóS Æý‡…VýS$¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ 8 HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. 2. 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ JMóS Æý‡…VýS$¯]l² œç $¯éË$ 4 [(l–2) + (b–2) + (h–2)] HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬. 3. JMýS ™èlÌê°MìS Æý‡…VýS$¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ = 2 [(l–2)

B

8

3.

3

E§éçßæÆý‡×æ:

fÐéº$Ë$:

3

a

A  =  − 2 a 

ç³NÇ¢V> GÆý‡$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ ç³NíÜ¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl §é°² 2 òÜ….Ò$. A…^èl$ E¯]l² _¯]l² çœ$¯éË$V> MýS†¢ÇõÜ¢.. AÑ.. 3 OÐðlç³#Ë (3 ™èlÌêËMýS$) GÆý‡$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ G°² HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬? 2 OÐðlç³#Ë (2 ™èlÌêËMýS$) GÆý‡$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ G°² HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬? 1 ™èlÌê°MìS GÆý‡$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ G°² HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬? AçÜË$ Æý‡…VýS$ Ìôæ° œç $¯éË$ G°² HÆý‡µyýl™éÆ‡¬?

examine the annual audit reports of the CAG, which are laid before the Parliament by the President. The CAG submits three audit report namely Audit report on appropriation accounts, Audit report on finance accounts and audit report on public undertakings. 2. To scrutinise the accounts of the government so that the money dispersed were legally available for and applicable to the purpose to which they have been granted. 3. The expenditure conforms to the authority which governs it. 4. That every re-appropriation has been made in accordance with the provisions made by competence authority. 5. The PAC examines cases involving losses, nugatory expenditure and financial irregularities. It scrutinises the reports of the CAG. Committee on Public Undertakings ●

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The Committee on Public Undertaking (CPU) consists of 22 members 15 elected by LokSabha and 7 elected by RajyaSabha. The term of the committee is 1 year.

Functions of Committee on Public Undertakings ●

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●

To examine the reports and accounts of public undertakings. To examine the reports of CAG on select PSUs. To ascertain whether that affairs of the public undertaking are being managed in accordance with the sound commercial principles.

N.D.Nagesh Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

7. ™ðlË$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 (l–2) (h–2) 8. ±Ë… Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² œç $¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 (b–2) (h–2) 9. BMýS$ç³^èla Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 (l–2) (b–2) 10. Æý‡…VýS$Ìôæ° çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. (l–2) (b–2) (h–2) E§éçßæÆý‡×æ: l = 5, b = 3, h = 4 œç $¯é°² 5×3×4 ¿êV>Ë$ ^ólõÜ¢ R&B&G Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. Ðésìæ G§ýl$Æð‡§ýl$Æý‡$ ™èlÌêËMýS$ MýS*yé R&B&G Æý‡…VýS$Ë$ ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. (Red, Black, Green) G R l=5 b=3

f. 4 (b–2) = 4(3–2) = 4(1)=4 JMóS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² Ððl¬™èl¢… çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2[(l–2) (b –2) + (b–2) (h–2)

6.

+(h–2) (l–2)] =2[(5–2) (3–2) + (3–2) (4–2) +(4–2) (5–2)] =2[3×1+1×2+2×3] = 2 [3+2+6] = 22

7. GÆý‡$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 (l–2) (h–2) = 2(5–2) (4–2) = 2 (3) (2) = 12 8.

¯]lË$ç³# Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 (b–2) (h–2) = 2(3–2) (4–2) = 2 (1)(2)=4

B

h=4

1. 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 8 2. 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡…VýS$Ë$¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 4 [(l–2) + (b–2) + (h–2)] = 4 [(5–2) + (3–2) + (4–2)] = 4 [3+1+2]=24

3. Æð‡yŠæ, {X¯Œæ Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 4 (l–2) =4 (5–2) = 4(3)=12 4. Æð‡yŠæ, »êÏMŠæ Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 4 (h–2) = 4 (4–2) = 4(2)=8 5. {X¯Œæ, »êÏMŠæ Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²?

9. BMýS$ç³^èla Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. 2 (l–2) (b–2) = 2(5–2) (3–2) = 2 (3) (1) = 6 10. Æý‡…VýS$Ìôæ° çœ$¯éÌñæ°²? f. (l–2) (b–2) (h–2) = (5–2) (3–2) (4–2) = 3×1×2=6 ∴ Ððl¬™èl¢… çœ$¯éË$ = 5×3×4 = 60 3 ™èlÌêËMýS$ Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² œç $¯éË$ =8 2 ™èlÌêËMýS$ Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² œç $¯éË$ = 24 1 ™èlÌê°MìS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ = 22 0& ™èlÌê°MìS Æý‡…VýS$ E¯]l² çœ$¯éË$ = 6 = 60

Ð]l$çßæÃ§Šæ fÎÌŒæ ´ëçÙ çÜ»ñæjMýS$t °ç³#×æ$Ë$, AÐ]l°VýSyýlz Mø_…VŠæ òÜ…rÆŠæ, ¯]lËÏVö…yýl

COMPETITIVE GUIDANCE - INDIAN HISTORY 1. Who is regarded as 'Maker of Modern India'? A) M.G. Ranade B) Mahatma Gandhi C) Keshav Chandra Sen D) Raja Ram Mohan Roy 2. Which of the following cities was capital of Maharaja Ranjit Singh? A) Amritsar B) Patiala C) Lahore D) Kapurthala 3. The only licensed flag production unit in India is located at which among the following places? A) Mysuru B) Hubli C) Dharwad D) Nagpur 4. On the suggestion of Rabindra Nath Tagore, the date of partition of Bengal (October 16, 1905) was celebrated as? A) Rakhi Bandhan Day B) Brotherhood Day C) Solidarity Day D) Black Day 5. The Governor General of India at the time of formation of the Indian National Congress was? A) Lord Chelmsford B) Lord Dalhousie C) Lord Dufferin D) None of these 6. Which among the following was the most important reason for social and religious reforms in nineteenth century? A) Scientific inventions B) Industrial revolution C) Western education and awakening D) Influence of Newspapers 7. Who wrote 'Indian War of Independence, 1857'? A) R.C.Majumdar B) V.D.Savarkar C) S.B.Chaudhary D) S.N.Sen 8. Dalhousie's worst political blunder was? A) Annexation of Punjab

B) Occupation of lower Burma C) Abolition of the 'Doctrine of Lapse' D) Annexation of Oudh 9. Who among the following founded Theosophical Society in USA? A) Dr. Annie Besant B) A.O.Hume C) Tilak and Gokhale D) Madam Blavatsky and Olcott 10. The founder of Satya Shodhak Samaj was? A) Atmaram Panduranga B) Gopal Hari Deshmukh C) M.G.Ranade D) Jyotiba Phule 11. Who among the following is known as Father of Muslim Renaissance in Bengal? A) Syed Ahmad Khan B) Ameer Ali C) Nawab Abdul Latif Khan D) Nawab Samiullah Khan 12. President of Indian National Congress at the time of independence was? A) J.B Kripalani B) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad C) Dr. Rajendra Prasad D) Jawahar Lal Nehru 13. The resolution of Swadeshi was adopted in which session of Congress? A) Madras session of 1903 B) Bombay session of 1904 C) Benaras session of 1905 D) Calcutta session of 1906 14. Which among the following was the venue of the INA trial? A) Calcutta High Court B) Supreme Court C) Federal Court D) Red Fort

1) D 5) C 9) D 13) D

2) C 6) C 10) D 14) D

Key 3) B 7) B 11) C

4) A 8) A 12) A

K.Srinivas Chowhan Senior faculty

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Russia and China veto UN resolution on Syria sanctions Russia and China have vetoed a UN Security Council resolution backed by Western powers that would have imposed sanctions on Syria over the alleged use of chemical weapons by the government of President Bashar al-Assad. Drafted by Britain, France and the United States, the measure on 28th February won nine votes in favour, while three countries - China, Russia and Bolivia - opposed it. Kazakhstan, Ethiopia and Egypt abstained. ■

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■

Trump's call for merit-based immigration

US President Donald Trump called for the United States to adopt a meritbased system. Trump, during his first address to Congress, noted that "nations around the world, like Canada, Australia and many others have a merit-based immigration system". Under such a system, immigrants are selected based on their merit and skills. ■

UN: Both sides committed war crimes in Syria's Aleppo

According to the United Nations, both sides in 2016 battle for Syria's Aleppo city committed war crimes, including a "deliberate" bombing of a humanitarian convoy by the Syrian government. The UN Commission of Inquiry's report released on 1st March said Syrian government and allied Russian forces "pervasively used" unguided munitions to bomb densely populated areas in rebel-held eastern Aleppo between July and its fall on December 22, amounting to the war crime of indiscriminate attacks.

National ■ Digital drive shifted from NITI to IT

Ministry The government has shifted the responsibility of promoting digital

transactions from NITI Aayog to the ministry of information technology and electronics. The Information Technology (IT) ministry is responsible for promotion of e-governance for empowering citizens as well as promoting inclusive and sustainable growth of electronics and IT in the country. It is also responsible for encouraging the growth of IT-enabled services industries.

opens India's first integrated heliport for choppers became operational in Rohini, North Delhi, on 28th February. The heliport will provide all helicopter operational facilities and will decongest the busy Indira Gandhi International Airport. It will also promote regional air connectivity in the northern part of the country for regular passenger services. The heliport is built over an area of 25 acres and consists of four hangars with

Current Affairs medals, a gold and silver. In the 10m mixed team air pistol event, duo of Jitu Rai and Heena Sidhu clinched the Gold for India, making it the first Gold for the country in this event. In Men's double trap event, Ankur Mittal brought the second medal of the day winning the Silver medal. On 1st March Indian shooter Jitu Rai clinched a gold medal in 50 metre air pistol event. Jitu created a new world record with 230.1 points in final. Another shooter of Indian team Amanpreet Singh won a silver medal in the same event. Jitu Rai had on 28th February won a Bronze medal in 10m air pistol event of ISSF World Cup.

■ Panel to review Cyber threat

decreased IMR

■ India's first integrated Heliport

Competitive Guidance

The FY17 growth forecast still marks a slump against the 7.9% growth in the last financial year 2015-16. CSO also estimated the GDP growth in the fiscal third quarter October-December at 7% on-year, slower than the previous quarter's 7.3% on-year.

■ Health Survey: Improved sex ratio,

According to the National Family Health survey, there was an improvement in sex ratio at birth and a decline in infant mortality rate during 201516. The National Family Health Survey-4(NFHS-4) for 2015-16 unveiled by the Health Ministry was conducted after collecting information from 6 lakh households, 7 lakh women and 1.3 lakh men, and for the first time provide district level estimates. ● Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) declined from 57 to 41 per 1,000 live births between NFHS-3(2005-06) and NFHS-4. IMR has declined substantially in almost all the states during the last decade. It dropped by more than 20 percentage points in Tripura, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Odisha. IMR substantially declined over the period from 79 per 1,000 live births in NFHS-1(1992-93) to 41 per 1,000 live births in NFHS-4

a parking capacity for 16 helicopters and nine parking bays. It has a capacity for 150 passengers.

Bilateral ■ India's financial assistance to

Bangladesh India agreed to provide financial assistance to Bangladesh for the sustainable development of Sylhet, a north-eastern Bangladeshi city. Under the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), three development projects would be taken up in Sylhet. The Indian government will provide financial aid for the construction of a five-storey Kindergarten and High School Building, a six-storey cleaner colony building; and for development work in Dhupa Dighirpar area at a total cost of around Taka 240 million. ■ Vice President visited Rwanda and

Uganda Vice President Hamid Ansari visited Rwanda and Uganda and returned India on 24th February. Visited Rwanda from 19th to 21st February, during these days India signed three agreements in the fields of innovation, aviation and visa regime. Vice President visited Uganda on 23rd and 24th February, and talked with top leaders of Uganda, decided to expand cooperation in the field of energy sector and training of personnel for space programme and peaceful use of

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atomic energy. ■ Defence deal with Israel cleared

A Rs.17,000 crore deal has been cleared by the government for jointly developing with Israel a mediumrange surface-to-air missile(MR-SAM) for the army. The MR-SAM, a landbased version of the long-range surface-to-air missile (LRSAM) for the navy, will have a strike range of up 70 km. The deal envisages 40 firing units and around 200 missiles.

Economy ■ FDI's grew 18%: DIPP

According to Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, foreign direct investment (FDI) in India grew 18 percent during 2016 to touch $46 billion. The country attracted FDI of $39.32 billion in 2015. The main sectors which attracted the highest foreign inflows include services, telecom, trading, computer hardware and software and automobile. Bulk of the FDI came in from Singapore, Mauritius, the Netherlands and Japan. ■ CSO estimates 7.1% growth

According to Central Statistical Office (CSO), there would be no impact of demonetisation on India's economy. Also the CSO kept its current financial year's growth forecast at 7.1%. With the forecast, India will continue to be the fastest growing major economy.

The Reserve Bank of India announced setting up of the inter-disciplinary standing committee on cyber security to review the threats inherent in the existing and emerging technology. The 11-member committee will also study adoption of various security standards and protocols, interface with stakeholders and suggest appropriate policy interventions to strengthen cyber security and resilience. The committee will be headed by RBI Executive Director.

Science and Technology ■ India successfully test-fires missile tests

India on 1st March successfully carried out an interceptor missile test, validating the reliability of its twolayered Ballistic Missile Defence. The indigenously developed supersonic interceptor missile is capable of destroying any incoming enemy ballistic missile at low altitude. ● The Indian Navy on 2nd March successfully test-fired an anti-ship missile for the first time from an indigenously built Kalvari class submarine in the Arabian Sea. The weapon was fired from the submarine, the first of India's six Scorpene-class submarines which are being built under Project 75.

Sports ■ India excels in ISSF World Cup

India has opened its account with a Bronze medal in the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup, being held in New Delhi. On Day One of competitions, i.e. on 24th February Pooja Ghatkar clinch the women's 10 metre air rifle bronze. ● On 27th February India bagged two

Awards ■ Six Oscars for La La land

The movie, La La Land has won six awards at the 89th Oscar Academy Awards. "La La Land" won awards for best actress Emma Stone, its Director, Damien Chazelle. ● "Moonlight" won the best picture award. ● Casey Affleck took the Oscar for Best Actor for his performance in "Manchester by the Sea". ● Iranian Film 'The Salesman' Wins Best Foreign Language Film Oscar. ● The award for best documentary feature went to "O.J. Made in America". The Syrian war documentary "The White Helmets" has won the short documentary Academy Award. Persons in news Gopal Baglay: He has been appointed as the new spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs. ● J S Deepak: Telecom Secretary J S Deepak was named India's next Ambassador to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) from June 2017. ●

Rajendra Sharma Current Affairs Faculty, Hyderabad

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Ticks and mites are actually? 1. The largest order in the animal kingdom? a) Primates b) Insectar c) Arthropoda d) Mammalia 2. The protozoan parasite which is responsible for causing malaria in humans is? a) Plasmodium b) Entamoeba c) Paramoecium d) Euglena 3. The largest living reptiles are? a) Dinosaurs b) Snakes c) Turtles d) Crocodiles 4. A group of similar individuals which can interbreed among themselves is called? a) Population b) Species c) Family d) Phylum 5. Amoebiasis (Amoebic Dysentery) is caused by? a) Plasmodium Vivax b) Taenia Solium c) Entamoeba Histolytica d) Entamoeba Gingivalis 6. The period between infection and appearance of first malarial symptom is? a) Activation period b) Pre patient period c) Gestation period d) Incubation period 7. Which of the sponges is harmful to the oyster industry? a) Cliona - boling sponge b) Spongilla - Fresh water sponge c) Euspongia - Bath sponge d) Euplectella-Venus flower basket 8. Consider the following statements? 1) Tape worm is a hermaphrodite 2) Round worm has separate sexes 3) Filaria is caused by a nematode 4) Guinea worm is an annelid Which of these is correct? a) 1 and 2 b) 1, 2 and 3 c) 3 and 4 d) 2, 3 and 4 9. Ticks and mites are actually? a) Arachnids b) Crustaceans c) Insects d) Myriapods 10. The poison glands of snakes are homologous to? a) Electric organs of fish b) Stings of rays c) Sebaceous glands of mammals d) Salivary glands of vertebrates 11. A snake has? a) Movable eye lids b) Immovable eye lids c) No eye lids d) Only nictitating membrane 12. Venom of cobra effects? a) Respiratory system b) Nervous system c) Digestive system d) Circulatory system 13. Which one of the following is a non-poisonous snake? a) Sea snake b) Bungarus c)Viper d) Python 14. The structures that are not well suited for flight in bird? a) Breast muscles b) Well developed olfactory lobes c) Well developed optic lobes d) Cerebellum 15. If a bird is transferred from 30°C to 10°C, the body temperature will change to? a)10°C b) 30°C

Competitive Guidance

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25. The dreadful malaria is caused by? a) Plasmodium Falciparum b) Plasmodium Vivax c) Plasmodium Malariae d) Plasmodium ovale 26. The mineral ions required for muscle contraction and blood clotting? a) Sodium b) Calcium c) Potassium d) Magnesium 27. The vitamin which is required to be taken by Pregnants for good mental development of children is? a) Folic Acid b) Retinol c) Calciferol d) Nicotinamide 28. Which of the following is/are viral diseases? a) Hepatities b) Yellow fever c) Influenza d) All the above 29. The part of the body effected in elephantiasis? a) Bone Marrow b) Brain c) Blood cells d) Lymphnode 30. The disease caused by a fungus? a) Athelete's Foot b) Ring warm c) Candidiasis d) All the above 31. Paralysis is caused due to damage of? a) Spinal nerve b) Motor nerve c) Muscle d) Bone 32. Which of the following is a warm blooded animal? a) Rabbit b) Snake c) Lizard d) Frog 33. The scientific name of state bird of Telangana? a) Psittacula Krameri b) Coracias Benghalensis c) Apteryx d) Pavo Cristatus 34. The birds with largest wingspan? a) Bat b) Vulture c) Eagle d) Sea Albatross 35. The subcutaneous fat layer present below the skin in aquatic mammals is known as? a) Foam b) Blubber c) Melon d) None of these 36. The type of excretory organs present in insects? a) Nephridia b) Antennary glands c) Malpighian Tubules d) Kidneys 37. The rearing and culturing of honey bees? a) Lac culture b) Apiculture c) Sericulture d) Oleri culture 38. Special organs found in snakes fro olfaction (smell)? a) Keber's organs b) Jacobson's organs c) Thomas organs d) Green glands

39. Which of the following snakes venom effect the circulatory system i.e., haemotxic? a) Coral snake b) Krait c) Cobra d) Viper 40. The only snake that builds nests and is also the largest poisonous snake? a) Cobra b) King cobra c) Python d) Krait 41. Which of the following is a true fish? a) Star fish b) Silver fish c) Jelly fish d) Zebra fish 42. The total number of air sacs present in flying birds? a) 9 b) 7 c) 8 d) 6 43. The largest phylum among the animals? a) Chordata b) Arthropoda c) Mollusca d) Porifera 44. The largest migratory bird that travels a distance of about 40,000 miles every year is? a) Wood cock b) Arctic tern c) Japanese swift d) Indian swift 45. The blood cells suitable for DNA finger printing are? a) WBC b) RBC c) Platelets d) All the above 46. Which of the following statements is not true? a) All hormones are chemically proteins b) Certain RNA molecules act as enzymes c) Artemisinin is an anti malaria drug d) Diclofenac is a endangering vultures in India 47. Which of the flowing is source of alcoholic drink Rum? a) Barley Malt b) Wheat Mash c) Sugar cane Juice d) Potato mast 48. Which of these vitamins is also called yellow enzyme? a) Pyridoxine b) Folic Acid c) Retinal d) Riboflavin 49. The molecular control of programmed cell death is? a) Apoptosis b) Metastasis c) Apolysis d) Autolysis 50. The recipient of Nobel 2016 for Medicine? a) Yoshinori Ohsumi b) Bruce a. Beutler Jules c) John Gurdon, Shinya Yamanaka d) Luc Montagnier, C. Chermann

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The leader of revolt of 1857 in Lucknow was... 1. The Grand Old Man of Indian politics was__? [A] Bipin Chandra Pal [B] Dadabhai Naoroji [C] Surendranath Banerjee [D] Ras Behari Bose 2. Moderates and the Extremists in the Indian National Congress split in 1907 at __? [A] Surat [B] Calcutta [C] Nagpur [D] Madras 3. Who among the following defen-

ded Aurobindo Ghosh in the Alipore conspiracy case? [A] Tej Bahadur Sapru [B] Motilal Nehru [C] Jawahar Lal Nehru [D] Chittaranjan Das 4. Which city is known for the “Jhanda Satyagraha or Flag Satyagraha ” and observance of the All India Flag Day on June 18, 1923? [A] Kanpur [B] Nagpur

[C] Nainital [D] Bhopal 5. Which among the following was the venue of All India Khilafat Conference, 1919? [A] Lucknow [B] Delhi [C] Aligarh [D] Porbandar 6. Who among the following were the main leaders of Khilafat Movement? [A] Syed Ahmad Khan and Agha khan [B] Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali [C] Muhammad Iqbal and Salimullah Khan [D] Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sikandar Hayat Khan 7. Gandhi's Dandi March is associated with which among the following movements?

[A] Partition of Bengal [B] Khilafat Movement [C] Non-cooperation Movement [D] Civil Disobedience Movement 8. Which among the following marks Mahatma Gandhi's first fast unto death? [A] Kheda Satyagraha [B] Champaran Satyagraha [C] Ahmedabad Mill Strike [D] Jallianwala Bagh tragedy 9. Who among the following is said to have hatched the Delhi Conspiracy 1912? [A] Ras Behari Bose [B] Bhai Paramanand [C] Sachindranath Sanyal [D] Sohan Lal Pathak 10. Who among the following established the Bhil Seva Mandal in 1922? [A] Narain Malhar Joshi

[B] Amritlal Vithaldas Thakkar [C] Jyotiba Phule [D] Baba Amte 11. Who among the following established the Ved Samaj in Madras in 1864? [A] Keshab Chandra Sen [B] Lokhitwadi [C] Shivnath Shastri [D] Debendranath Tagore 12. The magna carta of western education system in India is___? [A] The report of the Committee of Public Instruction, 1823 [B] The Charter Act of 1833 [C] Report of the Hunter Commission, 1862 [D] Wood’s Despatch, 1854 13. The leader of revolt of 1857 in Lucknow was __? [A] Tatya Tope

Competitive Guidance

Indian History [B] Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah [C] Birjis Qadir [D] Begum Hazrat Mahal 14. Who among the following entered into a triple alliance against Haider immediately before the first AngloMysore war of 1767-69? 1. The English 2. Nizam of Hyderabad 3. The Marathas 4. Raja of Travancore Choose the correct option from the codes given below: [A] 1, 2, 3 [B] 1, 3, 4 [C] 1, 2, 4 [D] 2, 3, 4 KEY 1) B 2) A 3) D 4) B 5) B 6) B 7) D 8) C 9) A 10) B 11) A 12) D 13) D 14) A By K. Srinivas Chowhan Author and Senior Faculty

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150 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$

1- 50 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ 1- 50 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$

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AíÜòÜt…sŒæ Ðól$¯ólfÆŠ‡ (òÜMýS*ÅÇsîæ): 7 AÆý‡á™èl: {†Ñ«§ýl §ýlâêÌZÏ° HO§ðl¯é JMýS Ñ¿êVýS…ÌZ MýSÑ$çÙ¯Œlz BïœçÜÆŠ‡V> MýS±çÜ… AÆ‡¬§ólâ¶æÏ ç³° A¯]l$¿¶æÐ]l… E…yéÍ. Ð]lÄ¶æ$çÜ$: 2017, Ð]l*Ça 1 ¯ésìæMìS 25 & 40 Hâ¶æÏ Ð]l$«§lý Å E…yéÍ G…í³MýS: C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ B«§éÆý‡…V>. ❖

çÜ…º…-«¨…_ Cç³µsìæ ¯]l$…^ól {´ëMîSt‹Ü Ð]l¬Ð]l$ÃÆý‡… ^ólÄ¶æ*Í. íÜË-º-‹Ü-ÌZ° 12 Ñ¿ê-V>ÌZÏ Ìêh-MýSÌŒæ Èf-°…VŠS, A¯]l-Í-sìæ-MýSÌŒæ G¼-Ísîæ, yólsê C…r-ÆŠ‡{ò³-sôæ-çÙ¯Œl, yólsê G¯éÍ-íÜ‹Ü A…Ô>-Ë¯]l$ Æð‡…yýl$ Ñ¿ê-V>ÌZÏ ´÷…§ýl$-ç³-Ç^éÆý‡$. Òsìæ ¯]l$…_ 10-&-15 {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Ð]l^óla…-§ýl$MýS$ AÐ]l-M>-Ô¶æ-Ð]l¬…¨. ©°² §ýl–íÙtÌZ E…^èl$-Mö° »ôæíÜMŠS Ð]l*Å£ŠlÞ ¯]l$…_ Oò³&-^éÆŠ‡tÞ, ¸ùÏ&-^éÆŠ‡tÞ Ð]l…sìæ ÐésìæOò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l HÆý‡µ-Æý‡-^èl$-Mø-Ðé-Ë° °ç³#-×æ$Ë$ çÜ*_-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. ✹ õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡-&2.. ^éÇ-{™èlMýS….. Æ>gêÅ…VýS…: õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡-&-2-ÌZ° B…{«§ýl-{ç³§ólÔŒæ ^èlÇ-{™èlMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ ÝëÓ™èl…-{™øÅ-§ýlÅ-Ð]l*-°MìS Ð]l¬…§ýl$ Æ>çÙ‰ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ fÇ-W¯]l E§ýlÅ-Ð]l*Ë$.. Ðésìæ {´ë«§é-¯éÅËOò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ò³…´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. Æ>çÙ‰ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ fÇW¯]l E§ýlÅ-Ð]l*Ë$, ÐésìæMìS ¯ól™èl–™èlÓ… Ð]líßæ…-_¯]l Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë$, Ýë…çÜP–-†MýS E§ýlÅ-Ð]l$-M>-Æý‡$Ë VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. B…{««§ýl E§ýlÅÐ]l$…, B…{«§ýl-{ç³-§ólÔŒæ Æ>çÙ‰ BÑ-Æ>Â-Ðé-°MìS §éÇ-¡-íÜ¯]l ç³Ç-íÜ¦™èl$-Ë¯]l$ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. Æð‡…yø òÜMýSÛ¯ŒlÌZ ¿êÆý‡™èl Æ>gêÅ…VýS…ÌZ A«¨-MýS-Æý‡-×æË$, Ðésìæ ¯ólç³-£éÅ-ËMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ ç³NÇ¢-Ýë¦-Æ‡¬ÌZ AÐ]l-V>çßæ¯]l HÆý‡µ-Æý‡-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. ✹ õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡-&3 GM>-¯]lÒ$: GM>-¯]lÒ$ ÑçÙ-Ä¶æ$…ÌZ A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ ç³…^èl-Ð]lÆý‡Û {ç³×ê-ã-MýSË ¯]l$…_ ±† BÄñæ*VŠS Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ M>¯ðlÞ‹³t, Aí³Ï-MóS-çÙ¯Œl KÇ-Äñæ$…-sôæ-

Time: 2.15 hrs SECTION-I

Marks: 30

1. Without actual division can you find the decimal expansion of 143 ? 110 justify your answer?

2. For what value of K, –4 is a zero of the polynomial x2–x–(2k+2)? 3. "The cost of 5 books and 3 slates is Rs.300" Express this statement in linear equation form. 4. Two cubes each of 10 cm edge are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid. SECTION-II

B-¯ŒlO-Ìñæ¯Œl sñæ‹ÜtO-ò³ AÐ]lV- >-çßæ¯]l {VýS*‹³-&2 Ððl$Æ‡¬¯Œl GV>j-Ñ$-¯ól-çÙ-¯ŒlMýS$ íÜ§ýl®-Ð]l$-Ð]l#-™èl$¯]l² A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$.. B¯Œl-OÌñæ¯Œl sñæ‹Üt Ñ«§é-¯]l…Oò³ AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ò³…´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. D {MýSÐ]l$…ÌZ Cç³µsìæ ¯]l$…^ól MýS…ç³NÅ-rÆŠ‡ Bç³-Æó‡-sìæ…-VŠSMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ »ôæíÜMŠS O¯ðlç³#-×êÅË$ Ý÷…™èl… ^ólçÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. Ìôæ§ýl…sôæ ç³È„ýS çÜÐ]l$-Ä¶æ$…ÌZ Cº¾…¨MìS VýS$Æý‡-Ð]l#-™éÆý‡$. çÜÐ]l$Ä¶æ$… çÜÇ-´ù° ç³Ç-íÜ¦† HÆý‡µ-yýl$-™èl$…¨.

Ðól$¯ólfÆŠ‡ (sñæMìS²MýSÌŒæ & íÜÑÌŒæ): 2 AÆý‡á™èlË$: íÜÑÌŒæ C…f±Ç…VŠæÌZ 60 Ô>™èl… Ð]l*Æý‡$PÌS™ø ½D/½sñæMŠS, çÜ…º…«¨™èl Ñ¿êVýS…ÌZ AíÜòÜt…sŒæ C…f±ÆŠ‡ çßZ§éÌZ MýS±çÜ… Ð]lÊyólâýæÏ A¯]l$¿ýæÐ]l… E…yéÍ. Ð]lÄ¶æ$çÜ$: 2017, Ð]l*Ça 1 ¯ésìæMìS 21 & 35 Hâ¶æÏ Ð]l$«§lý Å E…yéÍ. G…í³MýS: Æ>™èl ç³È„ýS B«§éÆý‡…V> §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B¯ŒlOÌñæ¯øÏ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólçÜ$MøÐéÍ. §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ Æý‡$çÜ$…: Æý‡*. 600 (GïÜÞ/GïÜtËMýS$ Æý‡*.100) ç³È„ýS MóS…{§ýl…: Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§ŠlÌZ ç³È„ýS, C…rÆý‡*ÓÅ MóS…{§éË$ E¯é²Æ‡¬. §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢MýS$ _Ð]lÇ ™ól¨: Ð]l*Ça 16, 2017. Ððl»ŒæOòÜsŒæ: https://opportunities.rbi.org.in ❖

OsñæÐŒl$ Ðól$¯ól-gæŒ -Ððl$…sŒæ {ç³«§é¯]l… {VýS*‹³-&2 Ððl$Æ‡¬¯Œl GV>j-Ñ$-¯ól-çÙ-¯ŒlMýS$ íÜ§ýl®-Ð]l$-Ð]l#™èl$¯]l² A¿¶æÅ-Æý‡$¦Ë$ OsñæÐŒl$ Ðól$¯ól-gŒæ-Ððl$…-sŒæMýS$ {´ë«§é-¯]lÅ-Ñ$ÐéÓÍ. çÜ»ñæj-MýS$tË {í³ç³-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl Mø×æ…ÌZ ^èl*õÜ¢ Csîæ-Ð]lË M>Ë…ÌZ MîSË-MýS…V> Ð]l*Ç¯]l ç³Æ>Å-Ð]l-Æý‡×æ çÜ…º…-«¨™èl A…Ô>-ËOò³ §ýl–íÙtÝëÇ…^éÍ. JMýS-OÐðlç³# ¸ëÅMŠStÞMýS$ {´ë«§é-¯]lÅÑ$-çÜ*¢¯ól Ð]l$Æø-OÐðlç³# ÐésìæMìS çÜ…º…-«¨…-_¯]l ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…Oò³ „ýS$×æ²…V> AÐ]l-V>-çßæ¯]l ò³…´÷…-¨…-^èl$-Mø-ÐéÍ. & VýS$Æý‡-gêË }°-Ðé-çÜ-Æ>Ð]l#, çÜ»ñæjMŠæt GMŠSÞ-ç³ÆŠ‡t, Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê§Šl.

ENGLISH MODEL PAPER: PAPER-1

7

1 2

4 5

11. a) Two circles touch externally. The sum of their areas is 130π cm2. The distance between their centres is 14 cm. A boy solves this problem, says that the difference of their radii

14. If m is some integer, then the square of any positive integer is of form? A) 3m or 3m+1 B) 3m or 3m–1 C) 3m+1 or 3m–1 D) 3m or 3m+2 15. If log102 = 0.3010, then log1016= ? A) 0.3010 B) 0.6020 C) 0.9030 D) 1.2040 16. Which of the following set is infinite? A) {x: x∈N, 5
1 21. If x2–2x+1=0 then x + = ?

8.

x

A) 0 C) 2

B) 1 D) 3

22. The value of y when x =

−1 2

that satisfies the equation 2 3 + = 5 is ? x y

A) 3 C) –3

1 3 − D) 1 3

B)

23. "The sum of the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is 25". Represent this situation in the form of a quadratic equation? A) x2+y2 = 25 B) x+(x+1)= 25 C) x2+x2+1 = 25 D) x2+(x+1)2 = 25 24. If the product of two zeros of the polynomial f(x) = 2x3+6x2– 4x+9 is 3, then its third zero is? 3 A) 2 9 C) 2

−3 B) 2 −9 D) 2

25. Which term of G.P. 2, 8, 32, ..... is 512? A) 16 B) 5 C) 9 D) 10 26. Volume of sphere with radius r units is? A) πr2h

1 2 B) πr h 2

4 3 C) 3 πr

D) πr3

27. If n=23×34×54×7, then the number of consecutive zeros in n, where n is a natural number is? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 7 28. If the volume of a cube is 1728 cm3, the length of its edge is equal to? A) 7 cm B) 12 cm C) 18 cm D) 19 cm 29. A cylinder, a cone are of same base radius and of same height. The ratio of the volume of cylinder to that of the cone is? A) 3 : 1 B) 1 : 3 C) 2 : 3 D) 3 : 2 30. From the given figure the slant height of cone is –––– cm A) 3 B) 4 C) 5

S p e c i a l

D) 6

th

E.M/T.M

a) Diary: (Each indicator carries one mark) i) Using expression of personal reflections, thoughts and feelings. ii) Using language appropriate to the mood. iii) Self criticism and future plans. iv) Coherence. v) Conventions of writing (punctuation, spelling and capitalization) b) Speech: (Each indicator carries one mark) i) Contextual relevance ii) Organisation of ideas iii) Use of argumentative/persuasive/interactive language iv) Use of discourse markers and coherence. v) Conventions of writing (punctuation, spelling and capitalization). PART-B

7cm

3cm

9. 10.

6cm 31. From the given venn-diagram (A–B)∩(B–A) = ? A) {4, 5} B) {1, 6, 7, 8} C) {2, 9, 3, 10} D) φ B µ A 1

4 5

6

7 8

2 9 3 10

32. From the figure area of Y ∆OAB = ––––– sq. units. B A) 12 B) 6 C) 3 X O A D) 4 33. From the figure the number of zeroes of p(x) are? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3

=0

3 6

µ

SECTION-IV

PART-A

12

B

A

Marks: 10

KEY

B) 2.125 D) 2.125

y-

10. a) Prove the √3 is an irrational (OR) b) From the venn-diagram Verify n(A∪B) = n(A)+ n(B) – n(A∩B)

Time: 30 min

A) 2.125 C) 2.125

°¯]l² {ç³^èl$Ç™èlOÐðl$¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²ç³{™èl… çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$

17 is ? 8

+4

SECTION-III

PART-B

20. The decimal expansion of

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

3x

5. If A = {x: x is a multiple of 3} B = {x: x is a multiple of 4}, then find A∩B. 6. Ravi says that the pair of linear equations 2x–3y=5, 4x–6y=15 represents parallel lines. Raju says that they are represents coincident lines. Whose statement is true? 7. The area of a rectangular plot is 528m2 The length of the plot (in meters) is one more than twice its breadth. formulate the quadratic equation to determine the length and breadth of the plot 8. Which term of the sequence 114, 109, 104, .... is the first negative term. 9. If the diameter of the base of a right circular cylinder is 28 cm., its height is 21cm, then find the curved surface area.

is 8 cm. Are you agree or not? justify your answer? (OR) b) A man started working in a firm in 2005 at an annual salary of Rs. 5000, received Rs.200 raise each year. In which year did his income reach at Rs.7000? 12. a) How many spherical bullets can be made out of a solid cube of lead whose edge measures 44 cm, each bullet being 4 cm in diameter? (OR) b) A conical vessel whose internal radius is 5 cm. height 24 cm is full of water. The water is emptied into a cylindrical vessel with radius 10 cms. Find the height to which the water rises. 13. a) Solve the quadratic polynomial x2+3x–4 graphically. b) Solve the following pair of linear equations graphically. 2x+y–6=0, 4x–2y–4 =0

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C. Bhagya Sekhar Reddy English Faculty, ZPHS, A.Rangampeta, Chittoor.

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Æ>Ð]l$¯Œæ ÈòÜÆŠæa C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ GMýSPyýl E…¨? Ðé×ìæfÅ çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$ & »ñæ…VýSâ¶æ*Æý‡$ & MösêtÄ¶æ$… (MóSÆý‡â¶æ) & MøÌŒæMýS™é National Tea House & MøÌŒæMýS™é ´÷V>MýS$ »ZÆý‡$z & VýS$…r*Æý‡$ Spices Board & Mø_ (MóSÆý‡â¶æ) M>ïœ »ZÆý‡$z Æý‡º¾ÆŠæ »ZÆý‡$z sîæ »ZÆý‡$z

Indian Diamond Institute

&çÜ*Æý‡™Œæ

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National Institute of oceanography (NIO)

& ç³¯éi (VøÐé) Æ>Ð]l$¯Œæ ÈòÜÆŠæa C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ & »ñæ…VýSâ¶æ*Æý‡$

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2) °Æó‡ªÕ™èl

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(ïÜBÆŠæBÆŠæI) & MýSrMŠæ (JyìlÔ>) C…yìlÄ¶æ$¯Œæ MóS¯]lÞÆŠæ ÈòÜÆŠæa òÜ…rÆŠæ &- Ð]l¬…O»ñæ C…yìlÄ¶æ$¯Œæ ÌêÅMŠæ ÈòÜÆŠæa C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ &Æ>…` gê¡Ä¶æ$ Ððl$§ýlyýl$ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦ (G¯Œæ½BÆŠæïÜ) & Ð]l*¯ólçÜÆŠæ (çßæÆ>Å¯é) gê¡Ä¶æ$ ç³†¢ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯é çÜ…çÜ¦& òÜ…{rÌŒæ C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ M>r¯Œæ ÈòÜÇa & ¯éVŠæç³NÆŠæ gê¡Ä¶æ$ ´ëyìl ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦ (National Dairy Research Institute) & MýSÆ>²ÌŒæ (çßæÆ>Å¯é) gê¡Ä¶æ$ ^ðlÆý‡MýS$ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦ (Central Sugar Research Institute) & M>¯]l*µÆŠæ (Ä¶æ¬.í³) gê¡Ä¶æ$ ´÷V>MýS$ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦ (Central Tobacco Research Station) & Æ>fÐ]l$…{yìl MóS…{©Ä¶æ$ Möº¾Ç ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦ (Central Coconut Research Station) & MóSçÜÆŠæV>yŠæ (MóSÆý‡â¶æ) MóS…{©Ä¶æ$ f¯]lç³¯éÆý‡ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦ (Central Jute Technological Research Institute) & MøÌŒæMýS™é gê¡Ä¶æ$ ç³ÇÔZ«§ýl¯]l çÜ…çÜ¦(Central Research Laboratory)

& ^ólç³MŠæ, ^ðlO¯ðl² òÜ…rÆŠæ çœÆŠæ òÜË$ÅËÆŠæ A…yŠæ Ð]l*ÍMýS$ÅËÆŠæ ºÄ¶æ*Ëi(CCMB) & Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ òÜ…{rÌŒæ C¯ŒæÌê…yŠæ {òœ‹ÙÐérÆŠæ BM>ÓMýSËaÆŠæ(CIFA) & ¿¶æ$Ð]l¯ólÔ¶æÓÆŠæ òÜ…{rÌŒæ C¯ŒæÌê…yŠæ íœçÙÈ‹Ü ÈòÜÆŠæa C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ

Central Zoo Authority

&¯]l*ÅÉìlÎÏ C…yìlÄ¶æ$¯Œæ C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ B‹œ MðSÑ$MýSÌŒæ sñæM>²Ëi (IIïÜsîæ) & Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ òÜ…{rÌŒæ Ððl$OÆð‡¯Œæ íœçÙÈ‹Ü ÈòÜÆŠæa C¯ŒæíÜtr*ÅsŒæ(CMFRI) & Mø_ Ü ç Î… AÎ òÜ…rÆŠæ œç ÆŠæ BÇ²£éËi A…yŠæ ¯ól^èl$Æý‡ÌŒæ íßæçÜtÈ & MøÄ¶æ$…º™èl*¢ÆŠæ

National Institute of Animal Welfare &çœÈ§é»ê§Šæ

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National Institute of watersports

& VøÐé

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ ¯éÌñæyŠæj

Civil Aviation Training College

& AËà»ê§Šæ Health & Family Welfare

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Indian Institute of Pulses Research &M>¯]l*µÆŠæ National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) - Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ

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Historical Background of Indian Constitution

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Competitive Guidance

Indian Polity

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Constitution: Constitution of a country is the legal document which provides the basic structure of the political system and defines the powers of main organs of the State and demarcates their responsibilities and jurisdictions. CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS ■

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It was in 1934 when the idea of Constituent Assembly for India was put forward for the first time by M.N.Roy. In 1935, the Indian National Congress (INC) demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame the Constitution. In 1938 Jawaharlal Nehru, On behalf of INC declared that the Constitution of Free India must be framed without outside interference, by a Constituent Assembly elected on the basis of Adult Franchise. The demand was accepted by British Government during August Offer 1940. In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the cabinet came to India with draft proposal of Independent Constitution, to be adopted after the World War-II. The Cripps proposal was rejected by the Muslim League which wanted India to be divided into two autonomous States with two Separate Constituent Assemblies.

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Finally, the Constituent Assembly was constituted in November, 1946 under the scheme formulated by the cabinet Mission Plan. LANDMARKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION

Regulating Act, 1773 ■ It made a provision of Supreme Court at Fort William, Calcutta comprising one Chief Justice and three other judges. ■ It prohibited the servants of the company from engaging in any private trade of accepting presents or bribes from the natives. Pitt's India Act, 1784 ■ It made a provision of separation in

company's commercial and political activities. ■ It created a new body called Board of Control to manage the political affairs while Court of Directors were allowed to manage the commercial affairs. ■ The Company's territories in India were for the First time called British possessions in India Charter Act, 1793 ■ Salaries of the members of the board to be drawn from the Indian exchequer. Charter Act, 1813 ■ Company's monopoly over trade was abolished in India but its monopoly over trade with China and for trade in tea retained. ■ Constitutional position of the British territories in India was explicitly defined for the first time. ■ This act asked Company to spend one lakh rupees every year on the education of Indians. ■ Christian missionaries were permitted to preach their religion in India. Charter Act, 1833 ■ Company lost its monopoly over trade with China also and it was asked to close the commercial business. ■ The Company became a purely administrative body. It made the Governor General of Bengal as the Governor General of India. ■ This act asked government to abolish slavery in India.

Charter Act, 1853 ■ Separation of executive and legislative functions of the Governor General's Council. ■ It provided for addition of six new members called legislative Councilors to the Council. It was known as Indian (Central) Legislative Council. ■ An open competition system of selection and recruitment of civil servants was introduced. ■ For the first time local representation in the Indian (Central) Legislative Council was allowed. Government of India Act, 1858 ■ It brought an end to the Company's rule and transferred power to the British crown. ■ It changed the designation of Governor General of India to that of Viceroy of India and he was appointed as the direct representative of British Crown in India. ■ Dual Government introduced by pitt's Act was abolished by this act. ■ This act proposed highly centralized administration. ■ A new office of Secretary of State for India was created and he was vested with complete authority and control over Indian administration. ■ The secretary of state was a member of the British Cabinet and was responsible ultimately to the British Parliament.

N.D.Nagesh Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

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20-1-6-&-1-7ÌZ 7.1 Ô>™èl…V> Ð]l–¨®-Æó‡r$

ç³NÇ¢ BÇ¦MýS çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>-°MìS (2-0-1-6-&-1-7) çÜ…º…«¨…_ Æð‡…yø çÜ™èlÓÆý‡ A…^èl-¯é-Ë¯]l$ MóS…{§ýl VýS×ê…-

M>-«¨-M>Æý‡ M>Æ>Å-ËÄ¶æ$… íœ{º-Ð]lÇ 28¯]l Ñyýl$§ýlË ^ólíÜ…¨. Ð]l^óla BÇ¦MýS çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æý‡…ÌZ (2-0-1-7-&-18) Ð]l–¨®-Æó‡r$ 7.3 Ô>™èl…V> ¯]lÐðl*-§ýlÄôæ$Å AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ… E…§ýl° A…^èl¯é ÐólíÜ…¨. ●

MóS…{§ýl iG-‹Üsîæ (ïÜ-i-G-‹Ü-sîæ), çÜÐ]l${VýS iG‹Üsîæ (I-i-G-‹Ü-sîæ) ¼Ë$ÏË ™èl$¨ Ð]l¬Ýë-Æ‡¬-§éËMýS$ MóS…{§ýl BÇ¦MýS Ð]l$…{† AÆý‡$×Šæ OgñæsîæÏ ¯ól™èl–™èlÓ…-ÌZ° iG-‹Üsîæ Ð]l$…yýlÍ 11Ð]l çÜÐ]l*-ÐólÔ¶æ… Ð]l*Ça 4¯]l BÐðl*§ýl… ™ðlÍ-í³…¨. C…§ýl$ÌZ A°² Æ>Ú‰ëË BÇ¦MýS Ð]l$…{™èl$Ë$, {ç³†-°-«§ýl$Ë$ ´ëÌŸY-¯é²Æý‡$. Æ>Ú‰ëË iG-‹Üsîæ (G-‹Ü-i-G-‹Ü-sîæ), MóS…{§ýl-´ë-Í™èl {´ë…™éË iG-‹Ü-sîæË Ð]l¬Ýë-Æ‡¬§éË ¼Ë$Ï-ËOò³ Ð]l*Ça 16¯]l fÇVóS çÜÐ]l*-ÐólÔ¶æ…ÌZ °Æý‡~Ä¶æ$… ¡çÜ$-Mø-¯]l$-¯é²Æý‡$.

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gê¡Ä¶æ$ GïÜt MýSÑ$-çÙ¯Œl O^ðlÆý‡Ã-¯lŒ V> ¯]l…§Šl MýS$Ð]l*ÆŠ‡ ÝëÆ‡¬

òÙyýl*ÅÌŒæz ™ðlVýSË gê¡Ä¶æ$ MýSÑ$-çÙ¯Œl O^ðlÆý‡Ã-¯ŒlV> ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…sŒæ Ð]l*i çÜ¿¶æ$Åyýl$, bèl¡¢-‹Ü-VýSÉŠl WÇf¯]l ¯ól™èl ¯]l…§Šl MýS$Ð]l*ÆŠ‡ ÝëÆ‡¬ íœ{º-Ð]lÇ 28¯]l »ê«§ýlÅ-™èlË$ ^ólç³-sêtÆý‡$. ●

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ïÜÒ B¯]l…-§ŠlMýS$ C¯ø²-Ðól-sìæÐŒl Îyýl-ÆŠ‡-íÙ‹³ AÐéÆŠæz

´ùÎ‹Ü AM>yýlÒ$ OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠæV> yøÌôæ ºÆý‡Ã¯Œæ

çÜÆ>ªÆŠ‡ Ð]lËÏ-»êÄŒæ$ ç³sôæÌŒæ gê¡Ä¶æ$ ´ùÎ‹Ü

Ð]l¬{Æó‡MýS$ §ýl$»êÄŒæ$ Kò³¯Œl OsñæsìæÌŒæ

§ýl$»êÄŒæ$ sñæ°²‹Ü ^é…í³-Ä¶æ$¯Œl-íÙ‹³ ç³#Æý‡$-çÙ$Ë íÜ…WÌŒæÞ Osñæsìæ-ÌŒæ¯]l$ B…yîl Ð]l¬{Æó‡ ({¼r¯Œæ) VðSË$-^èl$-MýS$-¯é²yýl$. §ýl$»ê-ÄŒæ$ÌZ Ð]l*Ça 4¯]l fÇW¯]l Oòœ¯]lÌZÏ òœÆ>²…yø ÐðlÆ>ªÝùP (òÜµ-Æ‡¬-¯Œl-)Oò³ ÑfÄ¶æ$… Ýë«¨…-^éyýl$.

IKïÜ O^ðlÆý‡Ã-¯lŒ V> çÜ…iÐŒl íÜ…VŠS

C…yìl-Ä¶æ$¯Œl BÆ‡¬ÌŒæ M>Æöµ-Æó‡-çÙ¯Œl (I-K-ïÜ) O^ðlÆý‡Ã-¯ŒlV> çÜ…iÐŒl íÜ…VŠS íœ{º-Ð]lÇ 28¯]l °Ä¶æ$Ñ$-™èl$-Ë-Ä¶æ*ÅÆý‡$. BÄ¶æ$¯]l °Ä¶æ*-Ð]l$-M>°² MóS…{§ýl Ð]l$…{†-Ð]lÆý‡Y °Ä¶æ*-Ð]l$-M>Ë MýSÑ$sîæ BÐðl*-¨…-_…¨. çÜ…iÐŒl I§ólâ¶æÏ´ër$ IKïÜ O^ðlÆý‡Ã-¯ŒlV> Mö¯]l-Ýë-VýS-¯]l$-¯é²Æý‡$. ●

{MîSyýlË$ AM>-yýlÒ$ OyðlÆð‡-MýSt-ÆŠ‡V> yîlBÆŠ‡ yøÌôæ ºÆý‡Ã¯Œl Ð]l*Ça 1¯]l »ê«§ýlÅ-™èlË$ ïÜÓMýS-Ç…-^éÆý‡$.

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A™éÅ-«§ýl$-°MýS Ýë…MóS-†MýS ç³Ç-gêq-¯é°² Ñ°Äñæ*-W…_ Ð]l$…_ çœÍ-™éË$ Æ>º-sìæt-¯]l…-§ýl$MýS$ ™ðlË…-V>×æ Æ>çÙ‰ ´ûÆý‡-çÜ-Æý‡-çœ-Æ>Ë Ô>Q MýSÑ$-çÙ¯]lÆŠ‡ ïÜÒ B¯]l…-§ŠlMýS$ Ñ¯]l*™èl² ¯éÄ¶æ$-MýS™èlÓ (C-¯ø²-Ðól-sìæÐŒl Îyýl-ÆŠ‡-íÙ-‹³) AÐé-Æý‡$z¯]l$ Æ>fÝë¦¯Œl {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… Ð]l*Ça 3¯]l A…§ýl-gôæ-íÜ…¨.

{ç³ç³…-^èl-MýS‹³ çÙ*sìæ…VŠS sZÈ²ÌZ ¿êÆý‡-™lŒ MýS$ 5Ð]l Ýë¦¯]l…

¯]l*ÅÉìl-ÎÏÌZ Ð]l*Ça 2¯]l Ð]l¬W-íÜ¯]l {ç³ç³…-^èl-MýS‹³ çÙ*sìæ…VŠS sZÆý‡²-Ððl$…-sŒæÌZ ¿êÆý‡™Œl I§ø -Ýë¦-¯]l…ÌZ °Í-_…¨. ™öÍ-ÝëÇ §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ fÇ-W¯]l ´ùsîæÌZÏ ¿êÆý‡™Œl JMýS çÜÓÆý‡~…, Æð‡…yýl$ Æý‡f™èl, Æð‡…yýl$ M>…çÜÅ ç³™èl-M>-Ë¯]l$ Ýë«¨…-_…¨. ç³™èl-M>Ë ç³sìæt-MýSÌZ O^ðl¯é, Cr-ÎË$ ™öÍ Æð‡…yýl$ Ýë¦¯éÌZÏ °Í-^éÆ‡¬.

2, 2, 3, 6, 15, ? Series Test

A. B. C. A.

(3MìS VýS$×ìæf…)

4,

+2

1. 4, 5, 7, 10, 14, ?

×3 ×3 ×3 ×3 ×3 10. 4, 5, 12, 39, 160, ? 4,

7, 10, 14, 19

5, 12,

39, 160, 805

x1+1 x2+2 x3+3 x4+4 x5+5 11. 2, 2, 3, 6, 15, ?

(Ëº®… AÆý‡Ë$ ò³…^èl$MýS$…r* ^ólÄ¶æ$yýl…)

+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 2. 8, 10, 14, 20, 28, ? 50

2,

2,

3,

6,

15,

8, 10, 14, 20, 28, 38, 50 +2 +4 +6 +8 +10 +12 3. 100, 99, 96, 91, 84, 75, ?

8, 13, 20, 31, 44

+2 +3 +5 +7 +11 +13 5. 2, 3, 5, 9, 17, ?

(2MýS$ VýSË çœ*™éË$ MýSËç³yýl…) 2,

3,

5,

9, 17, 33

+1 +2 +4 +8 +16 (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) 6. 184, 183, 180, 171, 144, ?

(3MýS$ VýSË çœ*™éË$ ¡íÜÐólÄ¶æ$yýl…)

×1 ×1.5 ×2 ×2.5 ×3 12. 720, 180, 60, 30, ?

÷4 ÷3 ÷2 13. 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, ?

12, 16, ? 20

{Ôóæ×ìæ:

2, 5, +3

9, 17,

34, ?

+4 +8 +17 +?

Oò³ {Ôóæ×ìæ° †ÇW {Ôóæ×ìæV> 4

8

17

?33

+4 +4 +4 +4

{Ôóæ×ìæ (2):

3, 8,

{Ôóæ×ìæ(3):

+5 +5 +5 +5 2, 5, 8, 11, ? 14

13, 18,

? 23

+1 +4 +9 +16 (12) (22) (32) (42)

MìS…¨ {Ôóæ×ìæÌZ Ð]l_a¯]l 33¯]l$ Oò³ {Ôóæ×ìæMìS MýSÍí³™ól fÐéº$ Ð]lçÜ$¢…¨. 34

67

÷1 +3

+3 +3

(JMýS Üç …QÅ Ð]lÆý‡…Y B Üç …QÅË »ôæ§« lý …) 0, 2, 6, 12, (12–1) (22–2) (32–3) (42–4) 20, 30 (52–5) (62–6) 14. 2, 10, 30, 68, 130, ? 2, 10, 30, (13+1) (23+2) (33+3) 68, 130, 222 (43+4) (53+5) (63+6) 15. 4832, 5840, 6848, ?

(çÜÐ]l*¯]l çÜ…QÅ MýSËç³yýl…)

+3

+33

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…: 20, 23, 14 19. 3, 2, 24, 5, 3, 22, 9, 5, 19, 15, 9, 14, ?, ?, ?, {Ôóæ×ìæ (1): 3, 5, 9, 15 ? 23

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…: 67 23. 3, 20, 63, 144, 275, ?

({Ôóæ×ìæÌZ {Ôóæ×ìæ Ñ«§é¯]l…) {Ôóæ×ìæ (1): 3, 20, 63, 144, 275, ?

+2

+4 +6

+8

çÜÇ çÜ…QÅË$ MýSË´ëÍ

(JMýS Üç …QÅ œç $¯]l…, B Üç …QÅË Ððl¬™èl…¢ ) {Ôóæ×ìæ (2): 2,

3,

5,

9, ?

+2

+4

+8

+17 +43 +81 +131 +? 17

{Ôóæ×ìæ (2): 17, 43, 81, 131, ?

+1

2MýS$ VýSË çœ*™éË$ MýSË´ëÍ 20, 21, 22, 23 {Ôóæ×ìæ 3: 24 22 19 14 ? 7

+26 +38 +50 +?

{Ôóæ×ìæ (3): 26, 38, 50, ?

4832, 5840, 6848, 7856 –2

(Æð‡…yólíÜ {Ôóæ×æ$Ë Ñ«§é¯]l…) {Ôóæ×ìæ (1):

20 19 17

14

–2

–1

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…: 10, 10 17. 2, 7, 4, 7, 7, 14, 12, 42, 19, ? ?

+12 +12 +12

(f™èlË$ VýSË {Ôóæ×ìæ)

? 10

–1 –2 –3 –4 20 16 13 11 ? 10 –3

–7

1 3

9

2

{Ôóæ×ìæ (1): 2

4

7

12

19

? 30

({ç³«§é¯]l çÜ…QÅË$ MýSËç³yýl…)

50 + 12 = 62

{Ôóæ×ìæ (2)ÌZ 131MìS 62 MýSË´ëÍ →

4 4 16

12 32 22 42 & çÜ…QÅË$ f™èlË$V> ¡çÜ$MøÐéÍ.

131 + 62 = 193

{Ôóæ×ìæ (1)ÌZ 275MìS 193 MýSË´ëÍ → 275 + 193 = 468

çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…: 468

21. 48, 24, 36, 18, 54, 27, 72, ? 48 24 36 18 54 27 72 36

Ð]l$çßæÃ§Šæ fÎÌŒæ ´ëçÙ

(Æð‡…yólíÜ {Ôóæ×æ$Ë Ñ«§é¯]l…)

100, 99, 91, 64, 0

{Ôóæ×ìæ (3)ÌZ Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> 12 MýSË´ëÍ →

20. 1, 1, 3, 9, 2, 4, 4, ? 1

–4

–3 –5

{ç³«§é¯]l çÜ…QÅË$ ¡íÜÐólÄ¶æ*Í çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…: 23, 17, 7

+1008 +1008 +1008 16. 20, 20, 19, 16, 17, 13, 14, 11, ? ?

{Ôóæ×ìæ (2):

–1 –8 –27 –64 (13) (23) (33) (43)

8,

(¿êVýSàÆý‡… ^ólÄ¶æ$yýl…)

24, 25, 29, 38, 54, 79

(çœ$¯]l çÜ…QÅË$ ¡íÜÐólÄ¶æ$yýl…)

Èf°…VŠæ

×3 ×4

3

720, 180, 60, 30, 30

(Ð]lÆý‡Y çÜ…QÅË$ MýSËç³yýl…) +1 +4 +9 +16 +25 (12) (22) (32) (42) (52) 8. 100, 99, 91, 64, ?

? 168

(Ð]lÊyólíÜ {Ôóæ×æ$Ë Ñ«§é¯]l…) {Ôóæ×ìæ (1): 4,

184, 183, 180, 171, 144, 63 –1 –3 –9 –27 –81 (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) 7. 24, 25, 29, 38, 54, ?

×2

42

çÜçßæf çÜ…QÅË Ëº®…. çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l…: 30, 168

+4

–11

({ç³«§é¯]l çÜ…QÅË$ MýSËç³yýl…)

14

45

(»ôæíÜ çÜ…QÅË$ ¡íÜÐólÄ¶æ$yýl…) 100, 99, 96, 91, 84, 75, 64

7

18. 4, 3, 2, 8, 8, 5, 12, 13, 8, 16, 18, 11, ? ? ?

(çÜÇ çÜ…QÅË¯]l$ MýSËç³yýl…)

3, 5,

+5 +7 +11

×1

(çÜÐ]l*¯]l çÜ…QÅË™ø VýS$×ìæ…_ MýS*yýlr…)

(çÜçßæf çÜ…QÅË¯]l$ MýSËç³yýl…)

–1 –3 –5 –7 –9 4. 3, 5, 8, 13, 20, 31, ?

+3

12, 36, 108, 324, 972

{Ôóæ×ìæ (2): 7

MìS…§ýl {Ôóæ×ìæÌZ {ç³Ô>²Æý‡¦MýS… E¯]l²^ør Ñ$íÜÞ…VŠæ çÜ…QÅ¯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…^èl…yìl. 4, 5,

Hï³ ç³…^éÄ¶æ$¡ M>Æý‡Å§ýlÇØ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

9. 4, 12, 36, 108, 324, ?

Number Series Test Alphabet Series Test Repeated letter series Test Number Series Test:

÷2 ÷2 ÷2 22. 2, 5, 9, 17, 34, ?

÷2

({Ôóæ×ìæÌZ {Ôóæ×ìæ Ñ«§é¯]l…)

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çÜ»ñæjMýS$t °ç³#×æ$Ë$, AÐ]l°VýSyýlz Mø_…VŠæ òÜ…rÆŠæ, ¯]lËÏVö…yýl

¯]l…¨ ç³#Æý‡-ÝëP-Æ>Ë$ {ç³MýS-sìæ…-_¯]l Hï³ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ…

B…{«§ýl-{ç³-§ólÔŒæ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… 20-12, 20-13 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞÆ>-ËMýS$ ¯]l…¨ ç³#Æý‡-ÝëP-Æ>-Ë¯]l$ Ð]l*Ça 1¯]l {ç³MýSsìæ…-_…¨. 20-12 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>-°MìSV>¯]l* "D-VýS', 20-13 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>-°MìSV>¯]l* "Ñ$-Ça' E™èl¢Ð]l$ _{™é-Ë$V> G…í³-MýS-Ä¶æ*ÅÆ‡¬. 20-12 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>°MìS E™èl¢Ð]l$ §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$-yìlV> Æ>f-Ð]l˜ã (D-VýS), E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lr$-yìlV> ¯é°, E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lsìæV> çÜÐ]l$…™èl (GsZ ÐðlãÏ-´ù-Æ‡¬…¨ Ð]l$¯]l-çÜ$) °Í^éÆý‡$. 20-13 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>-°MìS E™èl¢Ð]l$ §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$-yìlV> §ýlÄ¶æ* Möyýl-Ð]lVýS…sìæ (A-Í-Ä¶æ*‹Ü gê¯]l-MìS), E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lr$-yìlV> {ç³¿ê‹Ü (Ñ$-Ça), E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lsìæV> A…fÍ ´ësìæÌŒæ (¯é º…V>Æý‡$ ™èlÍÏ)ËMýS$ AÐéÆý‡$zË$ ËÀ…^éÆ‡¬. 20-1-2MýS$-V>¯]l* E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜ…X™èl §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$-yìlV> MîSÆý‡-Ðé×ìæ-&-C-â¶æ-Ä¶æ$-Æ>-gêË §ýlÓÄ¶æ$…, E™èl¢Ð]l$ V>Ä¶æ$-MýS$yìlV> Ô¶æ…MýSÆŠ‡ Ð]l$çßæ-§ól-Ð]l¯Œl, E™èl¢Ð]l$ V>Ä¶æ$-°V> X™é-Ð]l*-«§ýl$Ç G…í³-MýS-Ä¶æ*ÅÆý‡$. 20-13 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>°MìS E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜ…X™èl §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$-yìlV> §ólÒ-}-{ç³-Ýë§Šl, E™èl¢Ð]l$ V>Ä¶æ$-MýS$-yìlV> OMðSÌê-‹Ù-RôæÆŠ‡, E™èl¢Ð]l$ V>Ä¶æ$°V> MýSËµ¯]lË$ AÐéÆý‡$zË$ §ýlMìSP…^èl$MýS$¯é²Æý‡$.

MóS…{§ýl, çÜÐ]l${VýS iG-‹Üsîæ ¼Ë$ÏË Ð]l¬Ýë-Æ‡¬-§éMýS$ BÐðl*§ýl…

ÐéÆý‡¢ÌZÏ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë$

70 Ô>™èl… íÜ…àË$ ¿êÆý‡-™lŒ -ÌZ¯ól

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M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒl OVðSyðl¯ŒlÞ MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠæÞ

A…™èlÆ>j¡Ä¶æ$…

gê¡Ä¶æ$…

AÐéÆý‡$zË$

Æ>ïÙ‰Ä¶æ$… ●

Hï³ ¯]l*™èl¯]l AòÜ…½Ï ¿¶æÐ]l¯]l… {´ëÆý‡…¿¶æ…

B…{«§ýl-{ç³-§ólÔŒæ ¯]l*™èl¯]l AòÜ…½Ï ¿¶æÐ]l¯]l çÜÐ]l¬-§éÄ¶æ*°² ïÜG… ^èl…{§ýl-»êº$ ¯éÄ¶æ¬yýl$ ÐðlË-VýS-ç³NyìlÌZ Ð]l*Ça 2¯]l {´ëÆý‡…-À…-^éÆý‡$. D M>Æý‡Å-{MýSÐ]l$…ÌZ Ô>çÜ-¯]l-çÜ¿¶æ ïÜµMýSÆŠ‡ MøyðlË ÕÐ]l-{ç³-Ýë-§ýlÆ>Ð]l#, Ô>çÜ-¯]l-Ð]l$…-yýlÍ O^ðlÆý‡Ã¯Œl ^èl{MýS-´ë×ìæ, ç³Ë$ç³#Æý‡$ Ð]l$…{™èl$Ë$, GÐðl$Ã-ÌôæÅË$ ´ëÌŸY-¯é²Æý‡$. ●

õÜÐ]lÌZÏ BÆŠ‡-i-I-HMýS$ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ýë¦¯]l…

{ç³Ä¶æ*-×îæ-MýS$-ËMýS$ A…¨…^ól ÑÐ]l*-¯é-{Ô¶æÄ¶æ$ õÜÐ]lË ÑçÙ-Ä¶æ$…ÌZ Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê§Šl A…™èl-Æ>j-¡Ä¶æ$ ÑÐ]l*¯é-{Ô¶æ-Ä¶æ*-°MìS {ç³ç³…-^èl…-ÌZ¯ól Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ýë¦¯]l… §ýlMìSP…¨. 20-16 çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æ>-°MìS çÜ…º…-«¨…_ 50 Ë„ýS-Ë$-&-Mø-sìæ-¯]l²Æý‡ {ç³Ä¶æ*-×ìæ-MýS$Ë Ñ¿ê-VýS…ÌZ D Æ>Å…MŠS¯]l$ GÆ‡¬-ÆŠ‡-´ùÆŠ‡tÞ Mú°ÞÌŒæÞ C…r-Æó‡²-çÙ¯]lÌŒæ (H-ïÜ-I) A…¨…-_-¯]lr$Ï iG…-BÆŠ‡ Ð]l*Ça 6¯]l JMýS {ç³MýS-r-¯]lÌZ ™ðlÍ-í³…¨. ●

Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§ŠlÌZ gñæyŠl-G‹œ sñæM>²-Ë-i‹Ü òÜ…rÆŠ‡ {´ëÆý‡…¿¶æ…

BsZ-Ððl*-sìæÐŒl sñæM>²-Ëi ¨VýSYf….. gñæyŠl-G‹œ sñæM>²-Ë-i‹Ü ¿êÆý‡-™ŒlÌZ ™èl¯]l ™öÍ AÀÐ]l–¨® MóS…{§é°² Oòßæ§ýl-Æ>-»ê-§ŠlÌZ Ð]l*Ça 2¯]l {´ëÆý‡…-À…-_…¨.

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THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) Competitive Guidance International Organisations

• The funds and programmes are

• Universal Declaration of Human

subsidiary bodies of the General Assembly. The specialized agencies are linked to the United Nations through special agreements and report to the Economic and social Council and/or the General Assembly. The related organizations including IAEA and the World Trade Organization address specialized areas and have their own legislative bodies and budgets. Headquarters of UN are in New York City (USA). US president Franklin D. Roosevelt devised the name United Nations.

Rights was adopted by General Assembly of the UN on December 10, 1948. It is observed as Human Rights day every year. There are six official languages of UN, namely Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish and Arabic. Arabic was added by General Assembly in 1973 and by the Security Council 1982. Although, Arabic is not used as its working language. The Charter established six principal organs of the United Nations. They are: 1. The General Assembly 2. The Security Council 3. The Economic and Social Council 4. The Trusteeship Council 5. The International Court of Justice 6. The Secretariat

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• In 1945, representative of 50

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countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and majority of other signatories. Original founding members of UN are 51 (Poland signed it later but is considered as original member). India is also a founding member. The original members of UN are those countries which signed the January 1942 declaration by UN or took part in the San-Francisco Conference or which signed and ratified the charter. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October. The Charter is the constituting instrument of the Organization, setting out the rights and Obligations of member states and establishing the United Nations organs and procedures. The main purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and security. The United Nations family however, is much larger, encompassing 15 agencies and several programmes and bodies. The United Nations family of organizations (the United Nations system) consists of the United Nations Secretariat, the United Nations funds and programmes (such as UNICEF and UNDP), the specialized agencies (such as UNESCO and WHO) and related organizations.

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• Its total membership is 193 at present.

• Vatican City and Taiwan are not members of the UN.

• Vatican City (Holy See) and Pal•

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estine have been given permanent observer status by the UN. UN flag consists of the global map projected from the North pole and embraced in Twin olive branches (symbol of Peace). The flag was adopted on October 20, 1947 by the General Assembly. New members can be admitted to the General Assembly on the recommendation of Security Council and members can be suspended also. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights was set up in 1945.

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General Assembly • It is called as the "Town meeting of the world" or "Parliament of the world". • The General Assembly meets at least once in a year, and the session commences on the third Tuesday of September. • The Assembly can also meet for special emergency sessions. • The Presidency of the Assembly rotates each year among the five geographical groups of the countries viz. African, Asian, East European, Latin American and west European & other States. • It appoints the Secretary General of UN Secretariat on the recommendation of the Security Council. It is also empowered to admit new members.

N.D.Nagesh Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

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ÑÔ>-Q-ç³-r²…-ÌZ° B…{«§é Ä¶æÊ°-Ð]l-ÇÞsîæ (H-Ä¶æÊ) 20-1-7-&-18 Ñ§éÅ çÜ…Ð]l-™èlÞ-Æý‡…ÌZ Æð‡…yólâ¶æÏ ï³i, I§ólâ¶æÏ C…sìæ-{VóS-sñæyŠl MøÆý‡$ÞË EÐ]l$Ãyìl {ç³ÐólÔ¶æ ç³È-„ýS-(-M>-Ð]l$¯Œl G…{r¯ŒlÞ sñæ‹Üt: ïÜD-sîæ-&-òÜ-sŒæ-)MýS$ {ç³MýS-r¯]l Ñyýl$-§ýlË ^ólíÜ…¨. ● MøÆý‡$ÞË$: G…GïÜÞ, G…H, G…M>…, G…òßæ-^Œl-B-ÆŠ‡G…, G…gôæ-G…ïÜ, G…G-ÌŒæ-I-GïÜÞ, G…ï³-Dyîl, G…Dyîl, G…sñæMŠS, C…sìæ-{VóS-sñæyŠl G…GïÜÞ (h-Ä¶æ*-Ëi, MðSÑ$-[ïÜt). ● §ýlÆý‡-RêçÜ$¢ Ñ«§é¯]l…: B¯Œl-OÌñæ¯øÏ §ýlÆý‡RêçÜ$¢ ^ólÄ¶æ*Í. ● §ýlÆý‡-RêçÜ$¢ Æý‡$çÜ$…: KïÜ, K½-ïÜ-ËMýS$ Æý‡*.600; GïÜÞ, GïÜt, ¨ÐéÅ…-VýS$-ËMýS$ Æý‡*.500. ● _Ð]lÇ ™ól¨: H{í³ÌŒæ 15. BËçÜÅ Æý‡$çÜ$… Æý‡*.10-00 - ™ø H{í³ÌŒæ 25 ● Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: www.audoa.in, www.andhrauniversity.edu.in/doa

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Denmark facts and figures

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Ð]lÝë¢Æ‡¬. M>±, °º…«§lý ¯]l 17, 23, 24ÌZÏ {ç³Ýë¢Ñ…_¯]l A…Ô>Ë$ çÜÓ™èlàV> AÐ]l$ÌZÏMìS Æ>Ð]l#. Ðésìæ AÐ]l$Ë$ MøçÜ… ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…sŒæ {ç³™ólÅMýS ^èlsêtË$ ^ólÄ¶æ*Í. {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË¯]l$ çÜÐ]lÇ…^ól A«¨M>Æý‡… ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…sŒæMýS$ E…¨. ©° MøçÜ… Æ>gêÅ…VýS çÜÐ]lÆý‡×æ AÐ]lçÜÆý‡…. M>±, D çÜÐ]lÆý‡×æË$ {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË çÜ*¹Ç¢MìS ¿¶æ…VýS… MýSÍW…^èlMýS*yýl§ýl$. Mö°² Ð]lÆ>YË$, ÝëÄ¶æ¬«§ýl ºËV>Ë$, ´ùÎçÜ$Ë$, ORñæ©Ë$, A™èlÅÐ]lçÜÆý‡ çÜÈÓçÜ$ÌZÏ ç³° ^ólçÜ$¢¯]l²ÐéÇMìS Mö°² {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË$ ç³ÇÑ$™èl…V> Ð]lÇ¢Ýë¢Æ‡¬. Mö°² {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË$ ´ûÆý‡$Ë ^èlÆý‡ÅËMýS$ Ð]lÅ†Æó‡MýS…V> MýS*yé ËÀÝë¢Æ‡¬. E§é: {ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 17 & AçÜµ–Ô¶æÅ™èl °ÐéÆý‡×æ, {ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 23 & Ððlsìæt^éMìSÈ Æý‡§ýl$ª, {ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 24 & »êËM>ÇÃMýS Ð]lÅÐ]lçÜ¦ Æý‡§ýl$ª. Mö°² çßæMýS$PË$ AËµ çÜ…RêÅMýS Ð]lÆ>YË {ç³Äñæ*f¯éË¯]l$ M>´ëyìl, gê¡Ä¶æ$ çÜÐ]l${VýS™èl¯]l$ M>´ëyól…§ýl$MýS$ E§ólªÕ…_¯]lÑ. E§é: Ð]l$™èl õÜÓ^èle çßæMýS$P, Ñ§éÅ Ýë…çÜP–†MýS çßæMýS$P.

{´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË Ð]lÈYMýSÆý‡×æ ¿êÆý‡™èl Æ>gêÅ…VýS…ÌZ {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË¯]l$ {ç³«§é¯]l…V> Hyýl$ Æý‡M>Ë$V> Ð]lÈYMýSÇ…^éÆý‡$. 1. çÜÐ]l*¯]l™èlÓç³# çßæMýS$P (Right to Equality) ({ç³MýSÆý‡×æË$ 14&18) 2. Ð]lÅMìS¢ õÜÓ^èle, ÝëÓ™èl…{™èlÅç³# ß ç æMýS$P (Right to Freedom)

({ç³MýSÆý‡×æË$ 19&22) 3. ï³yýl¯é°² °Æø«¨…^ól çßæMýS$P (Right Against Exploitation)

({ç³MýSÆý‡×æË$ 23, 24) 4. Ð]l$™èl ÝëÓ™èl…{™èlÅç³# çßæMýS$P (Right to Freedom of Religion) ({ç³MýSÆý‡×æË$ 25&28) 5. Ýë…çÜP–†MýS, Ñ§éÅ çßæMýS$PË$ (Cultural & Educational Rights) ({ç³MýSÆý‡×æË$ 29, 30) 6. BíÜ¢ ß ç æMýS$P (Right to Property) ({ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 31) 7. Æ>gêÅ…VýS ç³ÇàÆý‡ çßæMýS$P (Right to Constitutional Remedies) ({ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 32)

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl‹Ü

{ç³™ólÅMýS ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ: {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PÌZÏ A™èlÅ…™èl ÑÐé§éçÜµ§ýl BíÜ¢çßæMýS$P ({ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 31), AÌêVóS BíÜ¢ çÜ…´ë§ýl¯]l ÑçÙÄ¶æ$…ÌZ Ð]lÅMìS¢ õÜÓ^èleMýS$ çÜ…º…¨« …_¯]l 19 (1)(f)Ë¯]l$ 1978ÌZ 44Ð]l Æ>gêÅ…VýS çÜÐ]lÆý‡×æ §éÓÆ> {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË gê¼™é ¯]l$…_ ™öËW…_ 12Ð]l ¿êVýS…ÌZ 300(A)ÌZ ^ólÆ>aÆý‡$. {ç³çÜ$¢™èl… BíÜ¢ çßæMýS$P Æ>gêÅ…VýS º§ýl® (Constitutional Right) çßæMýS$P Ð]l*{™èlÐól$. ©°² JMýS ^èlrtº§ýl® çßæMýS$PV> MýS*yé ç³ÇVýS×ìæçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$.

C…yìlÄ¶æ$¯Œæ gê{VýSïœ

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WWD theme: Listen to the young voices World Wildlife Day was observed on 3rd March to raise awareness about wildlife, its conservation and importance of wild species and role in preservation of nature. The theme for 2017 World Wild life day is- Listen to the young voices. The day is celebrated on 3rd of March every year to mark the signing of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species ■

US suspends expedited processing of H-1B visas

The US is temporarily suspending expedited processing of H-1B visas, eliminating the option of shorter wait times for the program that helps highly skilled foreigners work at US companies. Under the current system, companies submitting applications for H-1B visas for potential employees can pay extra for expedited processing, which is referred to as premium processing. The suspension is effective April 3, and could last up to six months. ■ US

President signs revised travel ban

US President Donald Trump signed a revised executive order on 6th March banning citizens from six Muslim-majority nations from traveling to the United States but removing Iraq from the list, after his controversial first attempt was blocked in the courts. The new order, which takes effect on March 16, keeps a 90day ban on travel to the United States by citizens of Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.

National ■

IISC placed among top world Universities In the Times Higher Education survey, the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, has entered into the top 10 global university rankings. In the survey IISc stood at number 8. The first position has been grabbed by

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{´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË¯]l$ Ð]l˜ÍMýS…V> Æ>fÅ °Æý‡õ³„ýS A«¨M>Æ>ËMýS$ Ð]lÅ†Æó‡MýS…V> ´÷…§ýl$ç³Æ>a Æý‡$. Æ>fÅ… A¯ól ³ç §é°² Æ>gêÅ…VýS…ÌZ ^éÌê ^ørÏ {ç³Äñæ*W…^éÆý‡$. I™ól "Æ>fÅ…' °Æý‡Ó^èl¯é°² Ð]l*{™èl… {ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 12ÌZ ÑçÜ¢–™èl…V> ^èlÇa…^éÆý‡$. {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË$ Æ>fÅ… Ìôæ§é {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ ^èlÆý‡ÅËMýS$ Ð]lÅ†Æó‡MýS…V> VýS$Ç¢…_¯]lÑ. M>ºsìæt HÄôæ$ çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$ Æ>fÅ… ç³Ç«¨ÌZMìS Ð]lÝë¢Äñæ* çÜµçÙt…V> °Æý‡Ó_…^èlMýS´ù™ól, Mö°² çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$ {´ë£ýlÑ$MýS çßæMýS$PË¯]l$ EËÏ…íœ$…_¯é Ðésìæ VýS$Ç…_ ¯éÅÄ¶æ$Ýë¦¯]l…ÌZ {ç³Õ²…^ól AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ… E…yýl§ýl$. A…§ýl$Ð]lËÏ Æ>gêÅ°MìS ÑçÜ¢–™èlOÐðl$¯]l °Æý‡Ó^èl¯]l… AÐ]lçÜÆý‡OÐðl$…¨. Æ>fÅ… A…sôæ.. MóS…{§ýl, Æ>{çÙt {ç³¿¶æ$™éÓË$, MóS…{§ýl& Æ>{çÙt Ô>çÜ¯]lçÜ¿¶æË$. Ýë¦°MýS {ç³¿¶æ$™éÓË$. A…sôæ.. Ð]l¬°íÜ´ëÍsîæË$, ç³…^éÄ¶æ$¡Ë$, hÌêÏ »ZÆý‡$zË$, {rçÜ$tË$ Ð]l…sìæÑ. {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ B§ólÔ>Ë §éÓÆ> HÆ>µOsñæ¯]l ^èlrtº§ýl®, ^èlsôæt™èlÆý‡ çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$. E§é: GÌŒæIïÜ, KG¯ŒæiïÜ, G¯Œæsîæï³ïÜ ™èl¨™èlÆ>Ë$. ¯éÅÄ¶æ$ Ð]lÅÐ]lçÜ¦ MýS*yé Æ>fÅ °Æý‡Ó^èl¯]l ç³Ç«¨ÌZMìS Ð]lçÜ$¢…§ýl° çÜ${ï³…MøÆý‡$t ¡Æý‡$µ C_a…¨.{ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l$ÅÐ]l¬¯]l² {Oò³Ðólr$ çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$ MýS*yé Æ>fÅ °Æý‡Ó^èl¯]l ç³Ç«¨ÌZMìS Ð]lÝë¢Ä¶æ$° ™ðlÍí³…¨.

ç³ÕaÐ]l$ ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯]l… ■

D OÐðl$§é¯]l… §ý MýSP¯Œæ ï³uý‡¿¶æ*Ñ$MìS ç³ÕaÐ]l$… OÐðlç³#¯]l, AÆó‡¼Ä¶æ* çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl…

Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ÐéÅí³…_ E…¨. D OÐðl$§é¯]l… çÜ¯]l²V>, AçÜÐ]l*¯]l…V> AMýSPyýlMýSPyé Mö…yýlË$¯]l² ¿¶æ*¿êVýS…™ø VýS$fÆ>™Œæ ¡Æý‡…ÌZ° "Æ>×ê B‹œ MýS^Œæ' ¯]l$…_ §ýl„ìS×ê¯]l "MýS¯éÅMýS$Ð]l*Ç' Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ÑçÜ¢Ç…_ E…¨. ■ D OÐðl$§é¯éË$ CÆý‡$V>Y, ™èlMýS$PÐ]l ÐðlyýlË$µ™ø E…sêÆ‡¬ (10&25 MìS.Ò$). ■ D OÐðl$§é¯éÌZÏ yðlÌêtË$, MýSÄ¶æ$ÅË$ (Estuary) Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ E¯é²Æ‡¬. VýSÐ]l$°MýS: ¯]l§ýl$Ë$ ™èlÐ]l$™ø´ër$ ™ðl_a¯]l J…{yýl$ Ð]l$sìæt° Ðésìæ Ð]l¬Q§éÓÆý‡… Ð]l§ýlª °„óSí³…^èlMýS$…yé çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl…ÌZ MýSÍõÜ¢ B {´ë…™éË¯]l$ MýSÄ¶æ$ÅË$ A…sêÆý‡$.

¼. MýS–Úë~Æð‡yìlz OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠæ, M>Ï‹ÜÐ]l¯Œæ çÜtyîl çÜÇPÌŒæ, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ

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India's longest cable bridge inaugurated

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AP and WTO partnered on sustainable tourism

The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Authority has partnered with the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (WTO) to promote sustainable tourism across the state. Andhra Pradesh is the first State in the country to forge a partnership with WTO. The themes that the A.P. Tourism will focus are sustainable fishing culture in East Godavari district, beach tourism at Yerada in Visakhapatnam, at Pulicat Lake and in Kondapalli village. ■

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Google and Telangana MoU on digitalization

Google India and Telangana government have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at supporting the digitisation efforts of the state. Under the Agreement….. ❖ Google India will provide Google Cloud credits and access to all cloud platform products to eligible startups engaged with Telangana governments T-Hub initiative. ❖ Makes all government websites mobile friendly and introduce programmes to help local small and medium businesses go online and stay safe online. ❖ Introduces Android Fundamentals courses for students pursuing

Bilateral ■

Collaboration on study of Agriculture in Indo-Gangetic plan

Researchers from a UK varsity have collaborated with Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur) for a brand new analysis undertaking geared toward learning the influence of climatic adjustments on agriculture within the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The project will be led by Hartmut Boesch and Harjinder Sembhi in the UK and Professor Sachichi Tripathi in India ■

India, Belgium sign DTAA

India and Belgium on 9th March signed a Protocol amending the existing agreement and protocol between the two countries for avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income.

Economy ■

GST council clears CGST and IGST laws

The GST council on 4th March approved the drafts of the Central GST law (CGST) and the integrated GST (IGST) law. It was cleared in the 11th meeting of GST council. The Union Territory-GST and State GST laws will be approved in the next GST

Council meeting (16th March). Once all the bills are approved by the council, the Union government will collectively take the bills to the Union cabinet for its approval. ■

Aadhar mandatory for mid-day meal scheme

Students need to have an Aadhaar number for getting their mid-day meals across the country. The HRD ministry issued a notification in this regard on 28th February. Cook-cum-helpers working under the mid-day meal scheme will also have to furnish Aadhaar number. This rule will be applicable across the country, except Jammu and Kashmir, Meghalaya and Assam. The ministry has given time till June 30 for those who are not yet enrolled. ■

Women Entrepreneurship council proposed

The Union Ministry of Women & Child Development has proposed the setting up of a Women's Entrepreneurship Council for taking up with the government the problems faced by business women. The Council will be modelled on the lines of chambers of commerce, will seek to resolve issues through policy changes. ■

Rs 70k crore black money detected: SIT

According to Deputy Chairman of the Supreme court appointed Special Investigation team Jusitce Arijit Pasayat on black money...

WÆŠæ¯éÆŠæ Mö…yýlÌZÏ "WÆŠæ ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ ´ëÆŠæP' (k¯éVýSÉŠæ & VýS$fÆ>™Œæ) E…¨.

2. Mö…MýS×Šæ OÐðl$§é¯]l… D OÐðl$§é¯]l… yéÐ]l$¯Œæ ¯]l$…_ VøÐé Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ÑçÜÇ¢ …_ E…¨. ■ D OÐðl$§é¯]l… Ð]l$àÆ>{çÙt, VøÐé Æ>{ÚëtÌZÏ E…¨. ■ D ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯]l… ºÝëÌŒæt ¯ólËËMýS$ {ç³íÜ¨® ^ðl…¨…¨. ©°² Mö…MýS×Šæ ¡Æý‡… A° MýS*yé í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$. ■

Ð]l¬ËPË Æý‡Ðól$‹Ù

Competitive Guidance

Current Affairs

Black money worth Rs.70,000 crore has been unearthed through different schemes of the government. The sixth interim report on it will be submitted to the Supreme Court in April, 2017. More than Rs.16,000 crore of the Rs.70,000 crore was detected after probe launched into global leaks about Indians stashing funds abroad.

Science and Technology

engineering and MCA to skill them on mobile app development. Will also work on promoting digital literacy among rural women through programme Internet Saathi

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çÜ»ñæjMŠæt °ç³#×æ$Ë$

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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Cable Bridge on the Ahmedabad-Mumbai National Highway. The 1.4 km bridge of Bharuch is been reported to be the longest in the country. Its length is 1344 meter and connects Mumbai Delhi National Highway-8.

C¨ VýS$fÆ>™ŒæÌZ° "Æ>×ê B‹œ MýS^Œæ' ¯]l$…_ "yéÐ]l$¯Œæ' Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ÑçÜ¢Ç…_ E…¨. CMýSPyýl$¯]l² ¡Æ>°² VýS$fÆ>™Œæ ¡Æý‡…/M>…yéÏ ¡Æý‡…/ MýS¤Ä¶æ$ÐéÆŠæ ¡Æý‡…/WÆ>²ÆŠæ ¡Æý‡… A° í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$. ■ D OÐðl$§é¯]l… Ar$´ùrÏMýS$ {ç³íÜ¨®. ■ D ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯]l…ÌZ {ç³Ð]líßæ…^ól ¯]l§ýl$Ë$& ¯]lÆý‡Ã§ýl, ™èlç³†, çÜºÆý‡Ã†. ■ D OÐðl$§é¯]l ¡Æý‡…ÌZ "WÆŠæ¯éÆŠæ' Mö…yýlË$¯é²Æ‡¬. D Mö…yýlÌZÏ G™èl¢Æ‡¬¯]l ÕQÆý‡… & WÆŠæ ÕQÆý‡…. ■

§ýlMýSP¯Œæ ï³uý‡¿¶æ*Ñ$MìS CÆý‡$OÐðlç³#Ìê AÆó‡¼Ä¶æ* çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl…, º…V>âêRê™èl… Ððl…r ÑÑ«§ýl ÐðlyýlË$µÌZÏ ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯éË$¯é²Æ‡¬. CÑ Æð‡…yýl$ Æý‡M>Ë$.. AÑ.. ■ ç³ÕaÐ]l$ ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯]l… ■ ™èl*Æý‡$µ ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯]l… ■

{ç³MýSÆý‡×æ 12 & Æ>fÅ °Æý‡Ó^èl¯]l…

CalTech of the US. Last year, in the 'BRICS and Emerging Economies University Rankings 2017' report, the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) had entered the top 15 universities for the first time.

1. VýS$fÆ>™Œæ OÐðl$§é¯]l…

¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯éË$

INS Viraat decommissioned International

ç³ÕaÐ]l$ ¡Æý‡ Æó‡Q çÜ_e{§ýl…V> Æý‡…ç³ç³# ç³â¶æÏ °Æ>Ã×ê°² MýSÍW E…yýlr… Ð]lËÏ D ÐO lð $§é¯]l…Oò³ {¿¶æ…Ô>Ë$ HÆý‡µyézÆ‡¬. A…§ýl$Ð]lËÏ D OÐðl$§é¯]l… çÜçßæf Kyýl Æó‡Ð]l#ËMýS$ {ç³íÜ¨® ^ðl…¨…¨. ■ ç³ÕaÐ]l$ MýS¯]l$Ð]l$Ë ç³ÕaÐ]l$ ÐéË$ GMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yýlr…, ç³ÕaÐ]l$ MýS¯]l$Ð]l$ËMýS$, AÆó‡¼Ä¶æ* çÜÐ]l¬{§é°MìS Ð]l$«§ýlÅ §ýl*Æý‡… ™èlMýS$PÐ]lV> E…yýlr… Ð]lËÏ CMýSPyýl yðlÌêtË$ ÌôæÐ]l#. ■ ç³ÕaÐ]l$ ¡Æý‡ OÐðl$§é¯é°² ÑÑ«§ýl Æý‡M>Ë$V> Ñ¿¶æh…^èlÐ]l^èl$a. AÑ.. ■

INS Viraat decommissioned

World's oldest aircraft carrier, INS Viraat was decommissioned on 6th March. It had served for 30 years in the Indian Navy. The 23,000-ton Viraat began its life as HMS Hermes, commissioning into the Royal Navy in 1959. As Hermes, the carrier was a key ship in the British fleet that fought in the Falklands and served in the Royal Navy until it was decommissioned and transferred to India in 1987. With Viraat out of commission, the Indian Navy is left with only the Soviet-era INS Vikramaditya as its only aircraft carrier. In addition to Vikrant, the Indian Navy is working on a second domestic carrier with U.S. assistance. ■

will include athletes, advocates and senior officials of the ministry apart from a woman sports journalist. ■

Indian cricket team captain Virat Kohli and spinner Ravichandran Ashwin were honoured for their brilliant performance form through the season. Kohli won the Polly Umrigar award for best international player of 2015/16, becoming the first player to get the award three times. Ashwin has been given CK Nayudu award for his performance in the West Indies in 2016.

Awards ❖

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Polluted environments kill 1.7 million children: WHO ❖

Sports

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Panel formed to resolve complaints

Sports Ministry announced formation of a high-level committee to resolve the grievances and complaints of women sportspersons. The joint secretary (sports) will be chairman of the panel. Other members of the panel

Lalji Singh: Lalji Singh, former Director, CCMB has been selected for the award of SERB Distinguished Fellow. It is given by the Science and engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the Government of India. Rihanna: Harvard named singer Rihanna its Humanitarian of the Year, pointing to her projects that include an advanced center to treat breast cancer in her native Barbados and support for girls' education around the developing world.

Obituary

According to World Health Organization, each year, environmental pollutants cost an estimated 1.7 million lives among children under 5. The causes include unsafe water, lack of sanitation, poor hygiene practices and indoor and outdoor pollution, as well as injuries. The new numbers equate to these pollutants being the cause of one in four deaths of children 1 month to 5 years old. ■

Award for Kohli and Ashwin

Thomas Starzl: Thomas Starzl, who performed the world's first liver transplant, has died on 4th March. The American surgeon pioneered the procedure in 1963, but his first patient did not survive. After creating a new blend of anti-rejection drugs, he carried out the first successful transplant in 1967. Since then, thousands of lives have been saved by the procedure. Rabi Ray: Former Lok Sabha speaker Rabi Ray passed away on 6th March. He was the Union minister of health and family welfare in the Morarji Desai ministry.

Rajendra Sharma Current Affairs Faculty, Hyderabad

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Article 52 says there shall be a President of India. Article 53 says that all executive powers of the Union shall be vested in the President.

´ëÆ‡¬…r$Ï ò³ÇW ÇM>Æý‡$z Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ BÇ¦MýS õÜÓ^èle çÜ*` õÜPÌŒæ-(-0-&-1-0-0-)ÌZ 60.9V> ¯]lÐðl*-O§ðl…¨. 19-9-5ÌZ D çÜ*`° {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ò³sìæt¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl çÜVýSr$ ÝùPÆŠæÌZ 5 Ô>™èl… ò³Æý‡$VýS$-§ýlË HÆý‡µ-yìl…¨. ❖ -2-0-17 çÜ*`ÌZ AÌêµ-À-Ð]l–¨® Ìôæ§é AÀ-Ð]l–¨® ^ðl…§ýl$-™èl$¯]l² BÇ¦MýS Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦-OÌñæ¯]l 103 §ólÔ>Ë$ BÇ¦MýS õÜÓ^èle ÝùPÆŠæ¯]l$ Ððl$Æý‡$-VýS$-ç³-Æý‡$-^èl$-MýS$¯é²Æ‡¬. ÒsìæÌZ 49 §ólÔ>Ë$ A«¨MýS BÇ¦MSý õÜÓ^èle ÝùPÆŠæ¯]l$ Ýë«¨…-^éÆ‡¬. C…§ýl$ÌZ O^ðl¯é, Æý‡ÚëÅ Ð]l…sìæ ò³§ýlª BÇ¦MýS Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦Ë$ MýS*yé E¯é²Æ‡¬. ❖ -Ð]l*-Ç-çÙ‹Ü, Ä¶æ¬.MðS. Ð]l…sìæ §ólÔ>Ë ÝùPÆŠæÌZ H Ñ«§ýl-OÐðl$¯]l Ð]l*Æý‡$µ Ìôæ§ýl$. 73 §ólÔ>-ËMýS$ çÜ…º…«¨…_ BÇ¦MýS õÜÓ^èle çÜ*`ÌZ ™èlVýS$Y-§ýlË HÆý‡µyìl…¨. ÒsìæÌZ º{òßæ-Æ‡¬¯Œæ, ºçßæ-Ð]l*‹Ü, GÌŒæ ÝëËÓ-yéÆŠæ, ´ëMìS-Ýë¦¯Œææ, Ððl¯ðl-kÐðlÌê, AÐðl$-ÇM> Ð]l…sìæ 16 §ólÔ>Ë$ VýS™èl…ÌZ G¯]l²yýl* Ìôæ° AËµ ÝùPÆŠæ¯]l$ ¯]lÐðl*§ýl$ ^ólçÜ$-MýS$-¯é²Æ‡¬. ❖ -B-íÜ-Ä¶æ*-&-ç³-íÜ-íœMŠæ {´ë…™èl…-ÌZ° íœh, MýSf-MìSÝë¦¯Œææ, O^ðl¯é, ™èl$ÆŠæP-Ððl$-°-Ýë¦¯Œæ, Egñæ¾-MìS-Ýë¦¯Œæ, ™èlf-MìSÝë¦¯Œæ, MìSÇ-»ê†, ÝëËÃ¯Œæ IÌê…yŠæÞ BÇ¦MýS õÜÓ^èle çÜ*` ÝùPÆŠæ¯]l$ ¯éË$VýS$ ´ëÆ‡¬…rÏ MýS…sôæ GMýS$PÐ]lV> Ððl$Æý‡$-VýS$-ç³-Æý‡$-^èl$-MýS$-¯é²Æ‡¬. çÜ»Œæ-&-çÜ-àÆ> B{íœM> §ólÔ>-OÌñæ¯]l MðS¯éÅ, çœ$¯é, VýS°Ä¶æ*, M>»Ÿ ÐðlÆð‡z, h»osìæ, V>…¼Ä¶æ*, Ð]l$yýl-V>-çÜP-ÆŠæË ÝùPÆŠæÌZ ™èlVýS$Y-§ýlË HÆý‡µ-yìl…¨. D çÜ*`MìS çÜ…º…-«¨…_ »êÆý‡¾-yé‹Ü, ºçßæ-Ð]l*‹Ü, Ððl¯ðlkÐðlÌê, òÜÆ‡¬…sŒæ Ë*íÜÄ¶æ*, {»ñæhÌŒæ Ð]l…sìæ BÇ¦MýS Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦Ë ÝùPÆý‡$Ï OòÜ™èl… ™èlV>YÆ‡¬.

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62Ð]l íœÌŒæÃ-õœÆŠæ AÐé-Æý‡$z-Ë¯]l$ 20-17, f¯]l-Ð]lÇ 14¯]l Ð]l¬…O»ñæÌZ {ç³MýS-sìæ…-^éÆý‡$. A™èlÅ-«¨MýS AÐé-Æý‡$zË$ "±-Æ>j' _{™é-°MìS §ýlM>PÆ‡¬. D íÜ°Ð]l* Ððl¬™èl¢… BÆý‡$ AÐé-Æý‡$zË$ VðSË$-^èl$-MýS$…¨.

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M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒl OVðSyðl¯ŒlÞ Indian Polity

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whether as proposer of seconder, more than one nomination paper at the same election. The value of vote of an MLA and MP is such that a true federal character of the office of the President is maintained, by striking a balance between the States and the Centre. To be declared elected to the office of the President more than 50% of the valid votes are required by a Presidential candidate. Amount deposited by a candidate shall be forfeited if at the election, candidate is not elected and the number of valid votes polled by such candidate does not exceed one sixth of the number of votes necessary to secure the return of a candidate at such election. In case of any dispute regarding the election of the President, only the Supreme Court is authorized to intervene in the matter. If the election of the President is declared void, acts of the President till the declar-

ation cannot be invalidated. Note: ● Disputes regarding election of the President are under the jurisdiction of Supreme Court only. ● No petition can be filed on account of vacancies in Electoral College. ● The dispute can be brought in front of Supreme Court only after the elections are over.

E™èl¢Ð]l$ _{™èl…-E™èl¢Ð]l$ §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lr$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lsìæ E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜàÄ¶æ$ ¯]lr$-yýl$E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜàÄ¶æ$ ¯]lsì E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜ…X™èl §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ VóSÄ¶æ$ Æý‡^èl-Æ‡¬™èl E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ-V>-Ä¶æ$-MýS$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯ólç³£ýlÅ V>Ä¶æ$° íœÌŒæÃ-õœÆŠæ OÌñæ‹œOsñæ… A`-ÐæŒ -Ððl$…sŒæ AÐéÆý‡$z

§ýl…VýSÌŒæ -°-™ól‹Ù †ÐéÈ (§ýl…-VýSÌŒæ ) A-Ò$-ÆŠæ-Rê¯Œæ (§ýl…-VýS-ÌæŒ ) -A-Í-Ä¶æ*-¿¶æsŒæ (Eyé¢ ç³…gê-»æŒ ) ÇíÙ MýSç³NÆŠæ (MýS-ç³NÆŠæ & çÜ¯ŒæÞ ) çÙ»ê¯é AiÃ (±Æ>j) {ï³-™èlÐŒl$ (H ¨ÌŒæ Oòßæ Ð]l¬íÙPÌŒæ) -A-Ñ$-™é»Œæ ¿¶æsêt-^éÆý‡Å (æH ¨ÌŒæ Oòßæ Ð]l¬íÙPÌŒæ ) A-Ç-h™Œæ íÜ…VŠæ (H ¨ÌŒæ Oòßæ Ð]l¬íÙPÌŒæ ) ¯ólà ¿êíÜ¯Œæ (çÜ$-Ìê¢¯æŒ ) Ô¶æ{™èl$çœ$²íÜ¯éá

Qualifications for Election as President (Art.58)

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{ç³gê-ÝëÓÐ]l$Å §ólÔ¶æ…. f¯é-¿êÌZ 80 Ô>™èl… Ð]l$…¨ íßæ…§ýl$-Ð]l#Ë$¯é²Æý‡$. Ð]l¬íÜÏ… f¯é¿ê MýS*yé A«¨-MýSÐól$. 20-1-4ÌZ A«¨-M>-Æý‡…ÌZMìS Ð]l_a¯]l G±zÄôæ$ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… Ñ§ólÖ Ñ«§é¯]l…ÌZ Ð]l*Æý‡$µË$ ¡çÜ$-Mö-_a…¨. 20-16 þ¯ŒæÌZ ¯éË$-Vø-ÝëÇ AÐðl$-Ç-M>¯]l$ çÜ…§ýl-ÇØ…_¯]l {ç³«§é° ¯]lÆó‡…{§ýl -Ððl*© Æý‡„ýS×æ çÜçßæ-M>Æý‡ Jç³µ…-§é°² MýS$§ýl$-Æý‡$a-MýS$-¯é²Æý‡$. C™èlÆý‡ §ólÔ>Ë™ø ´ùÍa™ól C…yìlÄ¶æ*ÌZ Ýë…MóS-†MýS, ™èlÄ¶æ*È Æý‡…V>Ë$ GMýS$PÐ]l Ð]l–¨®° ¯]lÐðl*§ýl$^ólÔ>Æ‡¬. AÌêµ-À-Ð]l–¨® BÇ¦MýS Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦ËMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_¯]l çÜ…{ç³-§éÄ¶æ$ Æý‡…V>-Ë Ð]l–¨®™ø ´ùÍa™ól BÄ¶æ* Æý‡…V>ÌZÏ ¿êÆý‡™Œæ A«¨MýS Ð]l–¨®° Ýë«¨…-_…¨. ❖ ¿êÆý‡-™èl-§ól-Ô¶æ…ÌZ A™èlÅ-«¨MýS B§éÄ¶æ$ ç³¯]l$² Æó‡r$ Ñ§éÅ ³ç ¯]l$²™ø MýSÍí³ 30.9 Ô>™èl… M>V>, A™èlÅ-

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BÇ¦MýS õÜÓ^èle

❖ ¿êÆý‡™èl

BÇ¦MýS Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦ÌZ Ðé×ìæfÅ… {ç³«§é-¯]lOÐðl$…¨. GVýS$-Ð]l$†, ¨VýS$-Ð]l$† ÑË$Ð]l Ððl¬™èl¢… iyîl-ï³ÌZ 49 Ô>™é-°MìS çÜÐ]l*¯]l…. ¨VýS$-Ð]l$† Üç $…MýS… Üç VýSr$ 6.2 Ô>™èl…. Mö°² BÇ¦MSý Æý‡…V>ÌZÏ Ä¶æ*f-Ð]l*¯]lÅ °Ä¶æ$…-{™èl-×æË$ ™èlV>YÆ‡¬. {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ Æý‡…VýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$ ¿êÆý‡™èl BÇ¦MýS Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦ÌZ Ð]l–¨®° Br…MýSç³Æý‡$-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬. çÜÆý‡-ä-MýS-Æý‡×æ, B«§ýl$±-MýS-Æý‡×æ Ñ«§é-¯é-Ë¯]l$ AÐ]l-Ë…-À…-¯]l-ç³µ-rMîS {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ Æý‡…VýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë$, »êÅMìS…VŠæ, Ð]lÊË-«§ýl¯]l Ð]l*Æð‡PsŒæ {ç³«§é¯]l´ë{™èl ´ùíÙ-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æ‡¬.

yé‘‘ ™èlÐ]l*Ã MøsìæÆð‡yìlz {´÷òœçÜÆŠ‡, I½G‹Ü, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šl

ÆŠæMýS$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lsìæ ç³#Æý‡-ÝëPÆý‡… ËÀ…-_…¨. {MìSsìæMŠSÞ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lr$yìl AÐé-Æý‡$z¯]l$ C§ýlª-ÇMìS {ç³MýS-sìæ…-^éÆý‡$. Úëíßæ§Šæ MýSç³NÆŠæ (Eyé¢ ç³…gê-»Œæ), Ð]l$¯øgŒæ »êgŒæ-õ³Æ‡¬ (A-Î-çœ$-ÆŠæ) D AÐé-Æý‡$z¯]l$ A…§ýl$-MýS$-¯é²Æý‡$.

N.D.Nagesh ❖ íœÌŒæÃ-õœÆŠæ

{MìSsìæMŠæÞ AÐé-Æý‡$zÌZÏ E™èl¢Ð]l$ _{™èl…V> "±-Æ>j' G…í³-OMðS…¨. A…§ýl$ÌZ ¯]lr-¯]l-MýS$-V>¯]l$ Ýù¯]lÐŒl$ MýSç³N-

Hï³ ç³…^éÄ¶æ$¡ M>Æý‡Å§ýlÇØ {ç³™ólÅMýS…

89Ð]l AM>-yýlÒ$ (B-ÝëP-ÆŠæ) AÐé-Æý‡$zË$ ❖ 89Ð]l

AM>-yýlÒ$ AÐé-Æý‡$z-Ë¯]l$ 20-17, íœ{º-Ð]lÇ 26¯]l AÐðl$-Ç-M>-ÌZ° Ìê‹ÜH…gñæ-ÌŒæÞÌZ {ç³§é¯]l… ^ólÔ>Æý‡$. "Ìê Ìê ÌêÅ…yŠæ ' _{™èl… A™èlÅ-¨« M- Sý …V> 14 Ñ¿ê-V>ÌZÏ ´ùsîæ ç³yìl…¨. D _{™é-°MìS BÆý‡$ BÝëP-ÆŠæË$ §ýlM>PÆ‡¬. D íÜ°-Ð]l*MýS$ §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS™èlÓ… Ð]líßæ…-_¯]l yólÑ$-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ ^ólgñæÌŒ (3-2-)æ-A† _¯]l² Ð]lÄ¶æ$-çÜ$ÌZ BÝëPÆŠæ VðSË$-^èl$-MýS$¯]l² §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$-yìlV> ÇM>Æý‡$z çÜµíÙt…-^éÆý‡$. "Ð]lÊ¯Œæ OÌñæsŒæ' _{™é°MìS Ð]lÊyýl$ BÝëP-ÆŠæË$ ËÀ…-^éÆ‡¬. D _{™é-°MìS »êÅÈ gñæ¯Œæ-MìS¯ŒæÞ §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS™èlÓ… Ð]líßæ…-^éÆý‡$.

E™èl¢Ð]l$ _{™èl… E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lr$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ¯]lsìæ E™èl¢Ð]l$ §ýlÆý‡Ø-MýS$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜàÄ¶æ$ ¯]lr$yýl$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ çÜàÄ¶æ$ ¯]lsìæ E™èl¢Ð]l$ Ñ§ólÖ ¿êÚë _{™èl…

Ð]lÊ-¯æŒ -OÌñæsŒæ MóSïÜ GòœÏMŠæ (Ð]l*…^ðl-çÜtÆŠæ O»ñæ §ýl ïÜ) GÐ]l*Ã Ýùt¯æŒ (Ìê Ìê ÌêÅ…yŠæ ) yól-Ñ$-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ ^ólgñæÌŒæ (Ìê Ìê ÌêÅ…yŠæ ) Ð]l$-õßæ-Æý‡ÛÌê AÎ (Ð]lÊ¯Œæ-OÌñæ-sæŒ ) Ð]l-Äñæ*Ìê yólÑ‹Ü (òœ¯ðlÞ‹Ü) §ýl õÜÌŒæÞ-Ð]l$¯Œæ (CÆ>¯Œæ & ç³ÇÛ-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ ¿êçÙ)

74Ð]l VøÌñæz¯æŒ VøÏ»æŒ AÐé-Æý‡$zË$

1. He must be a citizen of India 2. He must have attained 35 years of age. 3. He must be qualified to be a member of the Lok Sabha. 4. He must not hold any office of profit under Central or State government or any local or other authority. Exception for this are a sitting President of VicePresident of India, Governor and Minister of the Union or of any State.

Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

1. f-¯é¿ê: 1.3 ¼Í-Ä¶æ$¯]l$Ï 2. i-yîlï³ (Mö-¯]l$-VøË$ Ô¶æMìS¢ÝëÐ]l$Å…): 8 {sìæÍ-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ yéË-Æý‡$Ï 3. 2-0-1-5ÌZ Ð]l–¨®: 7.3% 4. VýS™èl I§ólâ¶æÏ çÜ-VýSr$ Ýë…Ð]l-™èlÞ-ÇMýS Ð]l–¨®: 6.7% 5. ™èl-Ë-çÜÇ B§éÄ¶æ$… (PPP): 61-62 yéËÆý‡$Ï 6. °-Æý‡$-§øÅVýS…: 3.5% 7. {§ýl-ÐøÅ-Ë¾×æ… (Ñ-°-Äñæ*VýS «§ýlÆý‡Ë çÜ*`): 4.9% 8. G-‹œ-yîl-IË {ç³Ðéçßæ…: 44.2 ¼Í-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ yéËÆý‡$Ï 9. {ç³-¿¶æ$™èlÓ Æý‡$×æ…: iyîl-ï³ÌZ 67.2%

^èlË-¯]l_ - {™èl AÐé-Æý‡$zË$ 62Ð]l íœÌŒæÃ-õœÆŠæ AÐé-Æý‡$zË$

Election of the President (Article 54 & 55) The provisions dealing with the election of the President are provided in Articles 54 and 55 and the President and the vice- President (elections) Act of 1952, Which was amended in 1974. ● The President is elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of (i) the elected members of both the houses of Parliament and (ii) the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. ● The nominated members of both the Houses of Parliament, the nominated members of the State Legislative Assemblies and the members of the State Legislative Council, do not participate in the election of the president. ● The President's election is held in accordance with a system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote and the voting is done by secret ballot. ● For nomination of a person for the election of President minimum 50 electors need to be proposers and further 50 electors need to be seconders of the nomination papers. ● In case of Vice-President Election 20 proposers and 20 seconders are required. ● No elector shall subscribe

íÜÑÌŒæÞ, {VýS*‹³Þ, »êÅ…MŠæÞ, G‹ÜG‹ÜïÜ GV>jÐlŒ $Þ

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The President of India ●

f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ GõÜÞ

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Competitive Guidance - Indian Polity The President of India Tenure of President(Article 56) President shall not withstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office. The President shall hold office for five years in general. Removal of President be as follows: 1. President may resign by writing to Vice-President. 2. President may, for violation of the Constitution be removed from office by impeachment (Article 61). In case of vacancy caused by resignation, death or impeachment, a new President should be elected within six months. In above cases, the VicePresident acts as an acting President till the new President enters the office. During such Period he receives the salary and the facilities of President's post. Impeachment (removal) of the President (Art.61) Under article 61 of the Constitution, the President of India can be impeached for the violation of the Constitution which is solely to be decided by the Parliament. The Procedure for impeachment can be initiated in either House of the Parliament The impeachment procedure is quasi-judicial in nature because after a resolution to this effect is passed by the

originating House, by a 2/3rd majority the other House sets up a committee to investigate the charges against the President. The President can defend himself by taking service of the Attorney-General of India or any other lawyer of his choice. If the second House also passes the Resolution with the same 2/3rd majority the president stands impeached.

Powers and functions of the President The executive power of the union is vested in the President and all executive functions are carried out in the name of the President (Article 53 & 77) He has power to appoint the Prime Minister and on his advice to appoint other Minister of the Union (Art.75). He also appoints i) The Attorney General of India (AGI); ii) The Comptroller and Auditor General of India(CAG) iii) The Judges of the supreme court and high Courts iv) The Governor of a State or the Lt. Governor v) The members of the Union Public Service Commission vi) The Chief Election Commissioner The President is the Supreme Commander of the defence forces, however the Parliament can the regulate

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military powers (Art.53) All Treaties and international agreement are negotiated and concluded in the name of President though subject to ratification by Parliament. President receives and sends Ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives. President has power to summon and prorogue the Parliament and dissolve the LokSabha (Art.85) The President can call a joint session in case of a conflict between the two houses on ordinary bill (Art.108) President addresses the Houses of Parliament separately or jointly after each general election and at the first session, each year (Art.87) Certain bills require prior approval of the President for introduction in the Parliament. These are Money Bill, Finance Bill of first class, Bill for the recognition of new State. The President enjoys veto power usually called Pocket veto, which can be used for withholding bill for any time (Art.111). President may Promulgate ordinances under Articles 123 except when both the Houses are in session Ordinance issued under Art. 123 must receive approval of Parliament (both the houses) within six weeks of the reassembly of the Parliament.

N.D.Nagesh Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

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A¯ólMýS M>Ìôæ-iÌZÏ MýS±çÜ Ð]l˜ÍMýS ÝûMýS-Æ>ÅË$ MýS*yé E…yýlr… Ìôæ§ýl$. §é…™ø Ñ§éÅ-Æý‡$¦-Ë$ M>Ï‹Ü Æý‡*ÐŒl$ ÌñæMýSa-ÆŠ‡Þ¯]l$ MýS*yé Ñ¯]l-Ìôæ° ç³Ç-íÜ¦†. çÜÇV>Y AÌê…sìæ ÐéÇMìS Eç³-Äñæ*-VýS-ç³-yólÌê Æý‡*´÷…¨¯]l Ä¶æ*‹³ "I-r*Å¯ŒlÞ Ä¶æÊ'. D Ä¶æ*‹³ §éÓÆ> àÆý‡ÓÆŠ‡z ¼h-¯ðl‹Ü çÜ*PÌŒæ, ÐéÆý‡t¯Œl çÜ*PÌŒæ B‹œ ¼h-¯ðl‹Ü ™èl¨-™èlÆý‡ A…™èl-Æ>j-¡Ä¶æ$ Ýë¦Æ‡¬ ¼&-çÜ*P-ÌŒæÞMýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l {´÷òœ-çÜÆŠ‡Þ ÌñæMýSa-ÆŠ‡Þ¯]l$, BÄ¶æ* çÜ*PÌŒæÞ ^ólç³-sìæt¯]l MóS‹Ü çÜtyîl-‹Ü¯]l$ ™ðlË$-çÜ$-MýS$¯ól AÐ]l-M>Ô¶æ… ËÀ-çÜ$¢…¨. C¨ Ä¶æ*í³ÌŒæ I ¸ù¯Œl Ä¶æÊf-Æý‡ÏMýS$ A…§ýl$-»ê-r$ÌZ E…r$…¨. ● Ððl»Œæ-OòÜsŒæ: itunesu.itunes.apple.com

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{ïÜP°…VŠS sñæ‹Üt õ³ç³-ÆŠ‡-{ç³-Ô¶æ²-Ë$- -Ð]l*-Æý‡$P-Ë$- -çÜ-Ð]l$Ä¶æ$… f¯]l-Æý‡ÌŒæ çÜtyîl-‹Ü- -1-5-0-1-5-0-1-50 ❘❚ ç³È„ýS ™ól©: H{í³ÌŒæ 23, 20-17 ❘❚

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The President of India Powers of President under Article 72 Power

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BÇ¦MýS çÜÆó‡ÓÌZ õ³ÆöP¯]l² Ð]l¬QÅ VýS×ê…-M>Ë$, íÜ¸ë-Æý‡$Þ-Ë¯]l$ JMýS-^ør Æ>çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ. {V>Ò$-×ê-À-Ð]l–¨® ç³£ýl-M>Ë gê¼™é Ððl¬™é¢°² JMýS ^ør ´÷…§ýl$-ç³-Æý‡$a-Mø-ÐéÍ. MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœ-ÆŠ‡ÞMýS$ çÜ…º…-«¨…_ Ð]l¬QÅ çÜ§ýlçÜ$ÞË$ & ¡Æ>Ã-¯éË$; Ñ§ólÖ ç³Æý‡År¯]lË$, Jç³µ…§éË$, AÐé-Æý‡$zË$ & {VýSïßæ-™èlË$ ™èl¨-™èlÆ>-Ë¯]l$ JMýS gê¼-™éV> Æ>çÜ$-Mø-ÐéÍ.

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E™èl¢Ð]l$ ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…-sôæ-Ç-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ AÐéÆý‡$z: ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…-sŒæÌZ ÑÑ«§ýl A…Ô>-ËOò³ ^èlMýSPV> Ð]l*sêÏ-yìl¯]lÐéÇMìS, {ç³gê {´ë†-°«§ýlÅ ^èlrt… {ç³M>Æý‡… °Äñæ*-f-MýS-Ð]lÆý‡Y {ç³f-ËMýS$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ õÜÐ]lË$ A…¨…-_¯]l ÐéÇMìS, Vöç³µ Ð]lÅMìS¢™éÓ°² {ç³§ýlÇØ…-_¯]l çÜ¿¶æ$Å-ËMýS$ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…-sôæ-Ç-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ AÐéÆý‡$z A…¨-Ýë¢Æý‡$. ❖ 19-93 ¯]l$…_ Hsê JMýS ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…sŒæ çÜ¿¶æ$Å-yìlMìS D ç³#Æý‡-ÝëP-Æ>°² A…¨-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. ©°² C…yìl-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…-rÈ {VýS*‹³ HÆ>µr$ ^ólíÜ…¨. D ç³#Æý‡-ÝëP-Æ>Ë MýSÑ$-sîæMìS O^ðlÆý‡Ã¯ŒæV> ïÜµMýSÆŠæ Ð]lÅÐ]l-çßæ-Ç-Ýë¢Æý‡$. ❖ Ððl¬rt-Ððl¬-§ýlsìæ E™èl¢Ð]l$ ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…-sôæ-Ç-Ä¶æ$¯Œæ AÐé-Æý‡$z¯]l$ 19-9-3ÌZ C…{§ýl-h™Œæ VýS$´ë¢MýS$ C^éaÆý‡$. ❖ Ä¶æÊ™Œæ ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…sŒæ: {ç³gê-ÝëÓÐ]l$Å ç³§ýl®-™èl$-Ë$, ´ëÆý‡ÏÐðl$…sŒæ Ñ«§é-¯é-Ë¯]l$ Mö™èl¢ ™èlÆ>-ËMýS$ ™ðlÍ-Ä¶æ$-gôæõÜ… §ýl$MýS$ D M>Æý‡Å-{MýS-Ð]l*°² ¯éË$Vø AüË ¿êÆý‡™èl Ñ‹³ çÜÐ]l*ÐólÔ¶æ çÜ*^èl¯]l Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ {´ëÆý‡…-À…-^éÆý‡$. ❖ çÜ…MîSÆý‡~ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ…: Æð‡…yýl$ Ìôæ§é A…™èl-MýS…sôæ GMýS$PÐ]l Æ>f-MîSÄ¶æ$ ´ëÈtË$ MýSÍíÜ MóS…{§ýl Ìôæ§é Æ>{çÙt Ýë¦Æ‡¬ÌZ HÆ>µr$ ^ólõÜ {ç³¿¶æ$-™éÓ°² çÜ…MîSÆý‡~ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… A…sêÆý‡$. ¿êÆý‡-™èl-§ól-Ô¶æ…ÌZ Ððl¬-§ýl-sìæ-ÝëÇ MóSÆý‡â¶æÌZ 19-6-7ÌZ çÜ…MîSÆý‡~ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… HÆ>µ-Osñæ…¨. ❖ Ñ‹³: A…sôæ B§ólÔ¶æ… Ìôæ§é A«¨³ ç- † A° AÆý‡…¦ . ©° VýS$Ç…_ Æ>gêÅ…VýS…, ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…-rÈ °Ä¶æ$Ð]l$ °º…«§ýl-¯]lÌZÏ GMýSPyé õ³ÆöP-¯]l-Ìôæ§ýl$. Æ>f-MîSÄ¶æ$ ´ëÈtË$ ™èlÐ]l$ Ô>çÜ¯]lçÜ¿¶æ$Å-Ë¯]l$ °Ä¶æ$…-{†…-^ól…-§ýl$MýS$, AÌêVóS çÜ¿¶æÌZ ´ëÈt çÜ¿ê ¯éÄ¶æ$-MýS$-yìlMìS çÜà-Ä¶æ$-ç³yól…-§ýl$MýS$ ÒÇ° °Ä¶æ$-Ñ$-Ýë¢Æ‡¬. ❖ ´ëÈt Ñ‹³ gêÈ ^ólíÜ¯]l B§ól-Ô>-ËMýS$ A¯]l$-VýS$-×æ…V> çÜ…º…-«¨™èl ´ëÈtMìS ^ðl…¨¯]l Ô>çÜ¯]l çÜ¿¶æ$ÅË$ {ç³Ð]l-Ç¢…^éÍ. Ð]l¬QÅ…V> ´ëÈt íœÆ>-Æ‡¬…ç³# °Æø«§ýlMýS ^èlrt…ÌZ ©° VýS$Ç…_ {ç³Ýë¢-Ñ…-^éÆý‡$. ❖ ´ëÈt Ñ‹³-¯]lMýS$ Ð]lÅ†-Æó‡-MýS…V> Kr$ ÐólíÜ-¯]l-ÐéÆý‡$ ™èlÐ]l$ Ô>çÜ-¯]l-çÜ¿¶æ çÜ¿¶æÅ-™éÓ°² MøÌZµÄôæ$ {ç³Ð]l*§ýl… E…r$…¨. ❖

¼. MýS–Úë~Æð‡yìlz, OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠæ, M>Ï‹Ü&Ð]l¯Œæ çÜtyîl çÜÇPÌŒæ

Feature

Pardon Completely absolves the offender Commutation Substitution of one form of punishment to lighter form Remission Reduction of the amount without changing its character Respite Awarding a lesser Punishment on special ground e.g. pregnancy. Reprieve Temporary suspension of death sentence Powers of President during Emergency President has been given extraordinary power to declare emergency to meet any kind of threat to country. Constitution provides three types of emergencies. a. National Emergency: Due to war, external aggression of armed rebellion (Art.352) b. State Emergency: Due to failure of Constitutional Machinery in States (Art.356) c. Financial Emergency: Due to financial instability (art.360) ● During National Emergency all Fundamental Rights except those under Article 20 and 21 are suspended. ● Promulgation under Article 352 can be made only when Union cabinet ministers headed by the Prime Minister asked him in writing. ● Proclamation of emergency must be passed by both houses with special majority within one month of proclamation. ● A proclamation once approved shall remain in force for a period of six months. ● While proclamation emergency is in operation following effects are seen: (i) Extension of Centre's power to enact laws on any matter of State list {Art.353(b)} (ii) Centre is empowered to alter the method of distribution of revenues between Union and States (art.354) (iii)President may extend the normal life of LokSabha by a year each time {art.83(2)}

M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒl OVðSyðl¯ŒlÞ Indian Polity

N.D.Nagesh Ganesh IAS Academy, Chennai

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PSLV-C 32

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{ç³«§é¯]lÐ]l$…{† EfÓË Äñæ*f¯]l §éÇ{§ýlÅ Æó‡QMýS$ ¨VýS$Ð]l¯]l E¯]l² I§ýl$ MørÏ õ³§ýl MýS$r$…»êËMýS$ Æ>¯]l$¯]l² Ð]lÊyólâ¶æÏÌZ E_™èl…V> V>Å‹Ü MýS¯ðlMýSÛ¯]lÏ$ C^óla…§ýl$MýS$ Æý‡*´÷…¨…_¯]l D ç³£ýlM>°² {ç³«§é° ¯]lÆó‡…{§ýlÐðl*© 2016, Ðól$ 1¯]l E™èl¢ÆŠæ{ç³§ólÔŒæÌZ° ºÍÄ¶æ* ç³rt×æ…ÌZ {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. D çÜ…§ýlÆý‡Â…V> BÄ¶æ$¯]l Ð]l*sêÏyýl$™èl* Møsìæ Ð]l$…¨MìS Oò³V> Ñ°Äñæ*VýS§éÆý‡$Ë$ "WÐŒæ CsŒæ A‹³' M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l$… MìS…§ýl GÎµi çÜ¼Þyîl° Ð]l§ýl$Ë$MýS$¯é²Æý‡°, §é…™ø {ç³¿¶æ$™éÓ°MìS Hsê Æý‡*.2,000 Mør$Ï Ñ$VýS$Ë$™èl$¯é²Ä¶æ$° ^ðl´ëµÆý‡$. D yýlº$¾¯]l$ õ³§ýlÐéÇMìS V>Å‹Ü MýS¯ðlMýSÛ¯]l$Ï CÐ]lÓyé°MìS Ñ°Äñæ*WÝë¢Ð]l$° ™ðlÍ´ëÆý‡$. D ç³£ýlM>°MìS Æý‡*.8 ÐólË Mør$Ï MóSsêÆ‡¬…^éÆý‡$.

{ç³«§é¯]lÐ]l$…{† çÜ$Æý‡„ìS™Œæ Ð]l*™èl–™èlÓ AÀÄ¶æ*¯Œæ {V>Ò$×æ, õ³§ýl VýSÇÂ×æ$Ë BÆøVýSÅ çÜ…Æý‡„ýS×æ MøçÜ… Æý‡*´÷…¨…_¯]l D ç³£ýlM>°² MóS…{§ýl BÆøVýSÅ, MýS$r$…º çÜ…„óSÐ]l$ Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>Q 2016, þ¯Œæ 9¯]l {´ëÆý‡…À…_…¨. ©° MìS…§ýl 3&6 ¯ðlËË VýSÇÂ×æ$ËMýS$ {ç³† ¯ðlÌê ™öÑ$Ã§ø ™ól©¯]l {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ BçÜ$ç³{™èl$ÌZÏ E_™èl OÐðl§ýlÅ ç³È„ýSË$, _MìS™èlÞË$ °Æý‡ÓíßæÝë¢Æý‡$. »êÍ…™èlË Ð]l$Æý‡×êË Ô>™é°² ™èlWY…^èlyýl…, VýSÇÂ×æ$ËMýS$ BÆøVýSÅ çÜÐ]l$çÜÅË VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlÍÄ¶æ$gôæÄ¶æ$yýl…, çÜ$Æý‡„ìS™èl…V> M>¯]l$µ fÇVóSÌê ^èl*yýlr…, ¼yýlz BÆøV>Å°² M>´ëyýlr… D ç³£ýlMýS… Ð]l¬QÅ E§ólªÔ¶æ….

Ð]l$§ýlÆŠæÞ AºjË*ÅsŒæ AòœMýSÛ¯Œæ (G…HH&Ð]l*) D M>Æý‡Å{MýSÐ]l*°² MóS…{§ýl BÆøVýSÅ, MýS$r$…º çÜ…„óSÐ]l$ Ô>Q Ð]l$…{† gñæ.í³.¯]l§éª 2016 BVýSçÜ$t 5¯]l {´ëÆý‡…À…^éÆý‡$. í³ËÏËMýS$ ™èlÍÏ´ëË$ ç³sôætÌê ^èl*yýlr… D ç³£ýlMýS… E§ólªÔ¶æ…. {ç³Ð]l¬Q »êÎÐ]l#yŠæ ¯]lsìæ Ð]l*«§ýl$È ©„ìS™Œæ {ç³^éÆý‡MýSÆý‡¢V> Ð]lÅÐ]lçßæÇçÜ$¢¯]l² D ç³£ýlM>°² MóS…{§ýl {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ…, Ä¶æ¬°òÜ‹œ& C…yìlÄ¶æ* çÜ…Ä¶æ¬MýS¢…V> °Æý‡ÓíßæçÜ$¢¯é²Æ‡¬.

G¯Œæ. ÑfÄôæ$…§ýlÆŠæ Æð‡yìlz f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ AÐólÆŠæ¯ðl‹Ü ¸ëÅMýSÎt, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ

IRNSS-IF IRNSS-1G

M>ÆøtÔ>sŒæ &2íÜ 19 Eç³{VýSàË$ ÝëPsŒæÔ>sŒæ&1 6 Eç³{VýSàË$ ÇÝùÆŠæÞ Ô>sŒæ& 2G 104 Eç³{VýSàË$

iG‹ÜGÌŒæÒ CsîæÐ]lÍ {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$ iG‹ÜGÌŒæÒ

{ç³Äñæ*VýS ™ól©

{ç³Äñæ*W…_¯]l Eç³{VýSàË$

GSLV-F05

òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ 8, 2016 BVýSçÜ$t 27, 2015 f¯]lÐ]lÇ 5, 2014

INSAT-3DR

GSLV-D6

1994, Ðól$ 5¯]l °Æý‡Ó-íßæ…-_¯]l Æð‡…yýl$ AÀ-Ð]l–¨® {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$ Ñf-Ä¶æ$-Ð]l…-™èl-Ð]l$-Ä¶æ*ÅÆ‡¬. PSLV (´ù-ÌêÆŠæ Ô>sìæ-OÌñæsŒæ Ìê…^Œæ Ððlíßæ-MýS-ÌæŒ )

Ë„ýSÅ…V> ò³r$tMýS$¯é²Æý‡$. ç³rt×êÌZÏ E…yól A°² çÜ§ýl$´ëÄ¶æ*Ë¯]l$ D çÜÐ]lÊàÌZÏ¯]l* MýSÍµÝë¢Æý‡$.

2016ÌZ MóS…{§ýl {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… {´ëÆý‡…À…_¯]l Mö°² Ð]l¬QÅ ç³£ýlM>Ë$

ï³G‹ÜGÌŒæÒ CsîæÐ]lÍ {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$ ï³G‹ÜGÌŒæÒ

PSLV-C 37

OòÜ¯ŒæÞ & sñæM>²Ëi

MóS…{§ýl {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ ç³£ýlM>Ë$ OÆð‡™èl$Ë çÜ…„óSÐ]l$… MøçÜ… MóS…{§ýl {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… {ç³«§é¯]lÐ]l$…{† çœçÜÌŒæ ½Ð]l* Äñæ*f¯]l (ï³G…G‹œ½OÐðl) A¯ól ç³…rË ½Ð]l* ç³£ýlM>°² {ç³ÐólÔ¶æò³sìæt…¨. 2016, f¯]lÐ]lÇ 13¯]l {ç³«§é¯]lÐ]l$…{† ¯]lÆó‡…{§ýl Ððl*© ¯ól™èl–™èlÓ…ÌZ fÇW¯]l MóS…{§ýl Ð]l$…{†Ð]lÆý‡Y çÜÐ]l*ÐólÔ¶æ…ÌZ D ç³£ýlM>°MìS BÐðl*§ýlÐ]l¬{§ýl ÐólÔ>Æý‡$. D ç³£ýlMýS… MìS…§ýl OÆð‡™èl$Ë$ A† ™èlMýS$PÐ]l {ï³Ñ$Ä¶æ$… ^ðlÍÏ…^éÍÞ E…r$…¨. D ç³£ýlM>°² MóS…{§ýl Ð]lÅÐ]lÝëÄ¶æ$, OÆð‡™èl$ çÜ…„óSÐ]l$ Ð]l$…{†™èlÓ Ô>Q AÐ]l$Ë$^ólçÜ$¢…¨. D ç³£ýlMýS… MìS…§ýl QÈ‹œ ç³…rËMýS$ Æð‡…yýl$ Ô>™èl… {ï³Ñ$Ä¶æ$…, Æý‡½ ç³…rËMýS$ 1.5 Ô>™èl… {ï³Ñ$Ä¶æ$… ^ðlÍÏõÜ¢ çÜÇ´ù™èl$…¨. Ðé×ìæfÅ ç³…rË$, E§éÅ¯]lÐ]l¯]l ç³…rËMýS$ 5 Ô>™èl… {ï³Ñ$Ä¶æ$… ^ðlÍÏ…^éÍÞ E…r$…¨. {ï³Ñ$Ä¶æ$…ÌZ Ñ$VýS™é ¿êV>°² {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓÐól$ ¿¶æÇçÜ$¢…¨. {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ Æ>Æ‡¬¡Oò³ GÌê…sìæ VýSÇçÙt ç³ÇÑ$† Ìôæ§ýl$. ½Ð]l* ^ólíÜ¯]l ç³NÇ¢ Ððl¬™é¢°² GÌê…sìæ Ñ$¯]làÆ‡¬…ç³#Ë$ ÌôæMýS$…yé OÆð‡™èl$Ë$ ´÷…§ýl$™éÆý‡$. ½Ð]l* MðSÏÆ‡¬ÐŒl$ ^ðlÍÏ…ç³#ÌZ BËÝëÅ°² ™èlWY…^èlyé°MìS Ýë…MóS†MýS ç³Çgêq¯é°² Ñ°Äñæ*WÝë¢Æý‡$. ÝëÃÆŠæt ¸ù¯]lÏ §éÓÆ> ç³…rMø™èl çÜÐ]l*^éÆ>°² õÜMýSÇ…_ A‹³ÌZyŠæ ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$. D ç³£ýlM>°MìS 2016&17 ºyðljsŒæÌZ Æý‡*.5,550 Mør$Ï MóSsêÆ‡¬…^éÆý‡$. çœçÜÌŒæ Äñæ*f¯]l¯]l$ 2016 QÈ‹œ ¯]l$…_ AÐ]l$Ë$ ^ólçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$. {ç³MýS–† Ñç³™èl$¢Ë$, `yýlï³yýlË Ð]lËÏ MýSÍVóS ¯]lÚëtËMýS$ MýS*yé D ½Ð]l* Ð]lÇ¢çÜ$¢…¨. ´÷Ë…ÌZ E¯]l² ç³…rMýS$ fÇVóS ¯]lçÙt…™ø´ër$ ç³…r Mø™èl ™èlÆ>Ó™èl fÇVóS ¯]lÚëtËMýS* ½Ð]l* Ð]lÇ¢çÜ$¢…yýlr… ÑÔóæçÙ…. OÆð‡™èl$ËMýS$ íÜ¦Æý‡OÐðl$¯]l B§éÄ¶æ$… MýSÍµ…^èlyýl… D ç³£ýlMýS… Ð]l$Æø E§ólªÔ¶æ…. {ç³çÜ$¢™èlÐ]l¬¯]l² ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ A{WMýSËaÆý‡ÌŒæ C¯]l*ÞÆð‡¯ŒæÞ ïÜP…(G¯ŒæHIG‹Ü), Ð]l*yìlOòœyŠæ ¯ólçÙ¯]lÌŒæ A{WMýSËaÆý‡ÌŒæ C¯]l*ÞÆð‡¯ŒæÞ ïÜP… (G…G¯ŒæHIG‹Ü)Ë Ýë¦¯]l…ÌZ çœçÜÌŒæ ½Ð]l* Äñæ*f¯]l AÐ]l$ÌZÏMìS Ð]l_a…¨.

íÜÑÌŒæÞ, {VýS*‹³&1, {VýS*‹³&2, ™èl¨™èlÆý‡ ´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSÌZÏ MîSËMýS Ñ¿êVýS….. OòÜ¯ŒæÞ A…yŠæ sñæM>²Ëi. C…§ýl$ÌZ ¿êVýS…V> ÑÑ«§ýl A…™èlÇ„ýS ÐéçßæMýS ¯úMýSË$, {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$, {ç³Äñæ*VýS MóS…{§éË$, çœÍ™éË$, {ç³Äñæ*f¯éË$ Ð]l…sìæ A…Ô>Ë¯]l$ A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ A«§ýlÅÄ¶æ$¯]l… ^ólÄ¶æ*Í. Oò³ ´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSÌôæ M>MýS$…yé §é§éç³# A°² ´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSÌZÏ¯]l* D A…Ô>ËOò³ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ E…r$¯é²Æ‡¬. Cr$ MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠæÞ Mø×æ…ÌZ¯]l*.. Ar$ ÝëtMŠæ f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ ¯éÌñæyŠæj Mø×æ…ÌZ¯]l* A¿¶æÅÆý‡$¦Ë$ BÄ¶æ* A…Ô>Ë¯]l$ ^èl§ýlÐéÍ. C…yìlÄ¶æ$¯Œæ õÜµ‹Ü ÈòÜÆŠæa BÆý‡YO¯ðlgôæçÙ¯Œæ (C{Ýù) HÆ>µr$, Cç³µsìæ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ^ólíÜ¯]l {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$, {ç³Äñæ*VýS E§ólªÔ¶æ…, C{Ýù Æ>MðSsŒæ {ç³Äñæ*VýS MóS…{§éË VýS$Ç…_ MýS*yé ™ðlË$çÜ$MøÐéÍ.

GSLV-D5

Ððl¬™èl¢… 36 M>Æ>Å-^èl-Æý‡×æ {ç³Äñæ*-V>Ë¯]l$ C{Ýù Ñf-Ä¶æ$-Ð]l…™èl…V> °Æý‡Ó-íßæ…-_…¨. PSLV-D1, D2, D3Ë$ AÀÐ]l–¨® {ç³Äñæ*-V>Ë$. Òsìæ° MýSË$-ç³#-MýS$…sôæ Cç³µsìæ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ C{Ýù 39 PSLV {ç³Äñæ*-V>Ë$ °Æý‡Ó-íßæõÜ¢ PSLV-D1 JMýSPsôæ Ñçœ-Ë-OÐðl$…¨. B ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ^ólç³-sìæt¯]l 38 {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$ ç³NÇ¢V> Ð]lÆý‡$-çÜV> Ñf-Ä¶æ$-Ð]l…-™èl-Ð]l$-Ä¶æ*ÅÆ‡¬. D 38 PSLV {ç³Äñæ*-V>Ë §éÓÆ> C{Ýù Cç³µ-sìæ-Ð]l-Æý‡MýS$ 226 Eç³-{VýS-à-Ë¯]l$ °…W-ÌZMìS ç³…í³…¨. ÒsìæÌZ 180 Ñ§ólÖ Eç³{VýSàË$, 46 §ólÖÄ¶æ$ Eç³-{VýS-àË$. GSLV

(h-Äñæ*-íÜ…-{MýS-¯]l‹Ü Ô>sìæ-OÌñæsŒæ Ìê…^Œæ Ððlíßæ-MýS-ÌæŒ )

¿¶æ*íÜ¦Æý‡ MýS„ýSÅ-ÌZMìS Eç³-{VýS-à-Ë¯]l$ {ç³Ðól-Ô¶æ-ò³sôæt Ë„ýSÅ…™ø GSLV M>Æý‡Å-{MýS-Ð]l*°² 19-9-0ÌZ C{Ýù {´ëÆý‡…-À…-_…¨. C¨ Ð]lÊyýl$ §ýlÔ¶æË A…™èl-Ç„ýS ¯úMýS. ©° Ððl¬§ýlsìæ §ýlÔ¶æÌZ çœ$¯]l C…«§ýl-¯é°², Æð‡…yø §ýlÔ¶æÌZ {§ýlÐ]l C…«§ýl-¯é°² Eç³Äñæ*WÝë¢Æý‡$. ©° Ð]lÊyø §ýlÔ¶æ {MýSÄñæ*-gñæ-°MŠæ §ýlÔ¶æ. ©° Ððl¬§ýlsìæ §ýlÔ¶æ ^èl$r*t 4 {Ýët‹³-B¯Œæ º*çÜtÆŠæ Ððl*sêÆý‡$Ï E…sêÆ‡¬. {MýSÄñæ*-gñæ-°MŠæ C…f¯Œæ sñæM>²-Ëi çÜÆý‡-çœ-Æ>MýS$ 19-9-0ÌZ Æý‡ÚëÅ™ø Jç³µ…§ýl… ^ólçÜ$-MýS$¯é².. AÐðl$-ÇM> B…„ýSË ¯ólç³-£ýlÅ…ÌZ A¨ Æý‡§ýlª-Æ‡¬…¨. MóSÐ]lË… C…f¯]l$Ï Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ CÝë¢-Ð]l$° Æý‡ÚëÅ Jç³#µ-Mö…¨. D {MýSÐ]l$…ÌZ §ólÖÄ¶æ$ {MýSÄñæ*-gñæ-°MŠæ AÀ-Ð]l–¨® BÐ]l-Ô¶æÅ-MýS-Ð]l$° VýS$Ç¢…-_¯]l ¿êÆý‡™Œæ 199-6ÌZ Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP)¯]l$ {´ëÆý‡…-À…-_…¨. ™èlÑ$-â¶æ-¯é-yýl$-ÌZ° Ð]l$õßæ…{§ýl-W-ÇÌZ E¯]l² ÍMìSÓyŠæ {´÷ç³-ËÛ¯Œæ M>…ò³ÏMŠæÞ... §ólÖÄ¶æ$ {MýSÄñæ*-gñæ-°MŠæ C…f-¯Œæ¯]l$ AÀ-Ð]l–¨® ^ólíÜ…¨. GSLV Ððl¬§ýlsìæ AÀÐ]l–¨® {ç³Äñæ*VýS… (GSLVD1)¯]l$ 2001, H{í³ÌŒæ 18¯]l C{Ýù ÑfÄ¶æ$Ð]l…™èl…V> {ç³Äñæ*W…_…¨. 2003ÌZ °Æý‡Óíßæ…_¯]l Æð‡…yø AÀÐ]l–¨®

GSAT-6 GSAT-14

{ç³Äñæ*VýS… (GSLV-D2) MýS*yé ÑfÄ¶æ$Ð]l…™èlOÐðl$…¨. 2004 òÜò³t…ºÆŠæ 20¯]l °Æý‡Óíßæ…_¯]l GSLV Ððl¬§ýlsìæ M>Æ>Å^èlÆý‡×æ {ç³Äñæ*VýS… GSLV-FO1 §éÓÆ> Gyýl$ÅÔ>sŒæ¯]l$ C{Ýù ÑfÄ¶æ$Ð]l…™èl…V> {ç³Äñæ*W…_…¨. Cç³µsìæÐ]lÆý‡MýS$ C{Ýù °Æý‡Óíßæ…_¯]l 10 GSLV {ç³Äñæ*V>ÌZÏ 3 ÑçœËÐ]l$Ð]lV> 7 ÑfÄ¶æ$Ð]l…™èlÐ]l$Ä¶æ*ÅÆ‡¬. GSLV-D5, GSLV-D6, GSLV-FO5 {ç³Äñæ*V>ÌZÏ ç³NÇ¢ §ólÖÄ¶æ$ {MýSÄñæ*gñæ°MŠæ C…f¯Œæ¯]l$ Ñ°Äñæ*W…^éÆý‡$. {ç³çÜ$¢-™lè … GSLV §éÓÆ> VýSÇçÙt…V> 2,500 MìSÌZË ºÆý‡$Ð]l#¯]l² Eç³{VýSàË¯]l$ {ç³Äñæ*W…^ól…§ýl$MýS$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ ÒËÐ]l#™èl$…¨. AÆ‡¬™ól ¿¶æÑçÙÅ™èl$¢ÌZ ¿êÈ Eç³{VýSàË¯]l$ OòÜ™èl… {ç³Äñæ*W…^èlVýSË ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦ÅÐ]l¬¯]l² GSLV Mark III¯]l$ MýS*yé C{Ýù AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ólÝù¢…¨. A…™èlÇ„ýS ¯úMýS sñæM>²ËiÌZ ç³#¯]lÇÓ°Äñæ*VýS ¯úMýS AÀÐ]l–¨® Ë„ýSÅ…™ø 2016 Ðól$ 23¯]l ¿êÆý‡™Œæ Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD)MýS$ ^ðl…¨¯]l Hypersonic Reentry¯]l$ ÑfÄ¶æ$Ð]l…™èl…V> °Æý‡Óíßæ…_…¨. A…™èlÇ„ýS

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Ð]l*¯]l-íÜMýS ÐéÅ«¨-{VýS-çÜ$¢Ë$ B™èlÃ-çßæ-™éÅ-Ä¶æ$-™é²-°MìS ´ëËµyìl™ól Iï³ïÜ MìS…§ýl Õ„>Æý‡á… M>§ýl¯ól MîSË-M>…-Ô¶æ…™ø MýS*yìl¯]l Ð]l*¯]l-íÜMýS BÆøVýSÅ Æý‡„ýS×æ ¼Ë$Ï-&-2-0-1-6¯]l$ Ð]l*Ça 27¯]l ´ëÆý‡Ï-Ððl$…sŒæ BÐðl*-¨…-_…¨. D ¼Ë$Ï {ç³M>Æý‡… Ð]l*¯]l-íÜMýS A¯é-ÆøVýSÅ…™ø »ê«§ýl-ç³-yýl$-™èl$¯]l² ÐéÇMìS Ððl$Æý‡$OVðS¯]l BÆøVýSÅ Æý‡„ýS×æ, ÐéÇ BçÜ$¢Ë ç³Ç-Æý‡-„ýS×æ çßæMýS$PË$ MýSÍµ-Ýë¢Æý‡$.

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{ç³ç³…^èl ^úMýS ¯]lVýS-Æ>ÌZÏ ¯éË$VýS$ ¿êÆý‡™èl ¯]lVýS-Æ>Ë$

GMýS-¯]l-Ñ$‹Üt C…sñæ-Í-gñæ¯ŒlÞ Ä¶æÊ°sŒæ (D-I-Ä¶æÊ) A¯ól çÜ…çÜ¦ {ç³ç³…-^èl…-ÌZ¯ól A™èlÅ…™èl ^èlÐ]l-OMðS¯]l °Ðé-çÜ-Äñæ*VýSÅ ¯]lVýS-Æ>Ë gê¼-™é¯]l$ Ð]l*Ça 21¯]l {ç³MýS-sìæ…-_…¨. C…§ýl$ÌZ ¿êÆý‡™Œæ ¯]l$…_ ¯éË$VýS$ ¯]lVýS-Æ>-ËMýS$ ^ør$ §ýlMìSP…¨. »ñæ…VýS-â¶æ*-Æý‡$MýS$ 3Ð]l Ýë¦¯]l…, ^ðlO¯ðl²MìS 6Ð]l Ýë¦¯]l…, Ð]l¬…O»ñæMìS 7Ð]l Ýë¦¯]l…, ÉìlÎÏMìS 10Ð]l Ýë¦¯]l… §ýlM>PÆ‡¬. D gê¼-™éÌZ MýSf-MìS-Ýë¦-¯Œl-ÌZ° AËÃsîæ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ýë¦¯]l… Ýë«¨…_ {ç³ç³…-^èl…-ÌZ¯ól A™èlÅ…™èl ^èlÐ]lOMðS¯]l ¯]lVýS-Æý‡…V> °Í-_…¨. ❖

{ç³ç³…-^èl…ÌZ A™èlÅ…™èl QÈ-O§ðl¯]l ¯]lVýS-Æý‡… íÜ…VýS-ç³NÆŠ‡

{ç³ç³…-^èl…ÌZ A™èlÅ…™èl QÈ-O§ðl¯]l ¯]lVýS-Æ>Ë gê¼-™éÌZ íÜ…VýS-ç³NÆŠ‡ Ð]lÆý‡$-çÜV> ¯éË$-Vø-ÝëÇ {ç³£ýl-Ð]l$-Ýë¦-¯]l…ÌZ °Í-_…¨. ™èlÆ>Ó† Ýë¦¯éÌZÏ Ð]lÆý‡$-çÜV> à…VŠæM>…VŠæ, þÅÇ^Œæ, sZMøÅ, JÝëM>, íÜÄñæ*ÌŒæ, gñæ±Ðé, ´ëÇ‹Ü, ¯]l*ÅÄ¶æ*ÆŠ‡P, Møò³¯Œæ-à-VýS¯Œl °Í-^éÆ‡¬. GMýS-¯é-Ñ$MŠS C…sñæ-Í-gñæ¯ŒlÞ Ä¶æÊ°sŒæ °Æý‡Ó-íßæ…-_¯]l M>‹Üt B‹œ ÍÑ…VŠS çÜÆó‡Ó B«§é-Æý‡…V> D gê¼-™é¯]l$ Ð]l*Ça 21¯]l {ç³MýS-sìæ…-^éÆý‡$. ¯]l*ÅÉìlÎÏ (1-2-4), ^ðlO¯ðl² (1-2-7), Ð]l¬…O»ñæ (1-2-7), »ñæ…VýS-â¶æ*Æý‡$ (1-3-1) Ýë¦¯éÌZÏ °Í-^éÆ‡¬. ❖

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Æý‡„ýS×æ Æý‡…VýS…ÌZ ¿êVýS-ÝëÓÐ]l$Å ºÌZ-õ³-™é-°MìS ¿êÆý‡-™lŒ -&-A-Ððl$-ÇM> °Æý‡~Ä¶æ$…

20-40 ¯ésìæMìS 60 MørÏ Ð]l$…¨ í³ËÏ-ËMýS$ ±sìæ MöÆý‡™èl

{ç³ç³…-^èl-ÐéÅ-ç³¢…V> 20-40 ¯ésìæMìS çÜ$Ð]l*Æý‡$ 60 MørÏ Ð]l$…¨ í³ËÏË$ ¡{Ð]l ±sìæ MöÆý‡™èl G§ýl$-ÆøP-¯]l$-¯]l²r$Ï Ä¶æÊ°-òÜ‹œ ÐðlËÏ-yìl…-_…¨. {ç³† ¯]lË$-VýS$-ÇÌZ JMýSÆý‡$ D çÜÐ]l$-çÜÅ™ø Cº¾…¨ ç³yýl-™é-Æý‡°, {ç³fË$ ™èlMýS$PÐ]l ±sìæ-™ø¯ól iÑ…-^éÍÞ Ð]lçÜ$¢…-§ýl° Ð]l*Ça 21¯]l Ñyýl$§ýlË ^ólíÜ¯]l °Ðól-¨-MýSÌZ õ³ÆöP…¨. Ðé™é-Ð]l-Æý‡×æ… ÐólyðlMýSPyýl…, çÜÐ]l¬-{§éË ÑïÜ¢Æý‡~… ò³Æý‡-VýSyýl…, Ð]l$…^èl$ MýSÆý‡VýSyýl…, MýSÆý‡$-Ð]l#-Ë-™ø-´ër$ ò³Æý‡$-VýS$-™èl$¯]l² f¯é¿ê M>Æý‡×æ…V> ±sìæ ÐéyýlMýS… GMýS$P-Ð]l-Ð]l#-™èl$…-§ýl°, C¨ ±sìæ Ë¿¶æÅ-™èlOò³ {ç³¿êÐ]l… ^èl*ç³#-™èl$…-§ýl° òßæ^èla-Ç…-_…¨. Cç³µ-sìæMóS §é§éç³# 36 §ólÔ>ÌZÏ ±sìæ MöÆý‡™èl A«¨-MýS…V> E…§ýl° õ³ÆöP…¨. Æøþ çÜOÆð‡¯]l ç³Ç-Ð]l*-×æ…ÌZ ±sìæ°

Ð]l¬°Þç³ÌŒæ Mú°ÞËÆý‡$Ï: ÒÇ° KrÆý‡$Ï ÐéÆý‡$z {´ë†ç³¨MýS¯]l G¯]l$²MýS$…sêÆý‡$. f¯é¿ê¯]l$ ºsìæt ÒÇ çÜ…QÅ¯]l$ °Æý‡~Æ‡¬Ýë¢Æý‡$. ➦ 40 ÐólË Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ f¯é¿ê E…sôæ 21 Ð]l$…¨ Mú°ÞËÆý‡$Ï E…sêÆý‡$. ➦ f¯é¿ê 40 ÐólË ¯]l$…_ Ë„ýS Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ E…sôæ 21 Ð]l$…¨ Üç ¿¶æ$ÅË$, {ç³† 10 ÐólË f¯é¿êMýS$ JMýS çÜ¿¶æ$Åyýl$ A§ýl¯]l…V> E…sêÆý‡$. ➦ f¯é¿ê Ë„ýS ¯]l$…_ Æð‡…yýl$ Ë„ýSË Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ E…sôæ 27 Ð]l$…¨ Üç ¿¶æ$ÅË$, {ç³† 15 ÐólË f¯é¿êMýS$ JMýS çÜ¿¶æ$Åyýl$ A§ýl¯]l…V> E…sêÆý‡$. ➦ f¯é¿ê Æð‡…yýl$ Ë„ýSË Ñ$…_ E…sôæ 33 Ð]l$…¨ Üç ¿¶æ$ÅË$, {ç³† 20 ÐólË A§ýl¯]l³ç # f¯é¿êMýS$ JMýS A§ýl¯]lç³# çÜ¿¶æ$Åyýl$ E…yýlÐ]l^èl$a. VýSÇçÙt…V> 45 çÜ¿¶æ$ÅËMýS$ Ñ$…^èlÆ>§ýl$.

¼. MýS–Úë~Æð‡yìlz OyðlÆð‡MýStÆŠæ, M>Ï‹Ü&Ð]l¯Œæ çÜtyîl çÜÇPÌŒæ

M>…í³sîæsìæÐŒl OVðSyðl¯ŒlÞ MýSÆð‡…sŒæ AOòœÆŠæÞ OòÜ¯ŒlÞ A…yŠl sñæM>²-Ëi

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Oòßæ{yø-f¯Œl E™èlµ-†¢MìS MýS–{†Ð]l$ çÜ*Æý‡$Å-yìl° çÜ–íÙt…-_¯]l fÆý‡Ã±

Ñ§ýl$Å™Œl Ðéyýl-MýS$…yé çÜ*Æý‡Å-M>…-†™ø Oòßæ{yø-f¯Œl¯]l$ E™èlµ†¢ ^ólõÜ…-§ýl$MýS$ fÆý‡Ã± Ô>çÜˆ-Ðól-™èl¢Ë$ MýS–{†Ð]l$ çÜ*Æý‡$Å-yìl° çÜ–íÙt…-^éÆý‡$. Ð]l*Ça 23¯]l JMóS {õœÐ]l¬ÌZ 149 ÝëµsŒæ-OÌñæ-rÏ¯]l$ AÐ]l$Ça Ðésìæ° íÜÓ^é¯Œl ^ólíÜ ç³È-„ìS…-^éÆý‡$. D ÝëµsŒæ-OÌñærÏ {õœÐ]l¬¯]l$ íÜ¯Œl-OÌñæsŒæ A° í³Ë$-Ýë¢Æý‡$. ©¯ól² {ç³ç³…^èl A†-ò³§ýlª MýS–{†Ð]l$ çÜ*Æý‡$Å-yìl-V>¯]l* Ð]lÅÐ]l-çßæ-Ç-çÜ$¢-¯é²Æý‡$. ❖

ºÆ>MŠS „ìSç³×ìæ ç³È„ýS Ñf-Ä¶æ$-Ð]l…™èl…

Eç³-Ç-™èlË… ¯]l$…_ VýSVýS-¯]l-™èl-Ë…-ÌZ° Ë„>Å-Ë¯]l$ ból¨…^ól ºÆ>MŠS „ìSç³-×ìæ° Ð]l*Ça 24¯]l ¿êÆý‡™Œl Ñf-Ä¶æ$-Ð]l…-™èl…V> {ç³Äñæ*-W…-_…¨. C{gê-Äñæ$ÌŒæ çÜçßæ-M>Æý‡…™ø AÀ-Ð]l–¨® ^ólíÜ¯]l ©°² AÆó‡-¼Ä¶æ* çÜÐ]l¬-{§ýl…ÌZ IG-¯Œl-G‹Ü Ñ{MýS-Ð]l*¨™èlÅ ÑÐ]l*¯]l ÐéçßæMýS ¯úMýS ¯]l$…_ ¯úM>-§ýlâ¶æ… ç³È-„ìS…-_…¨. ™èlMýS$PÐ]l G™èl$¢ÌZ Ô¶æÆý‡-Ðól-VýS…V> {ç³Ä¶æ*-×ìæ-çÜ$¢¯]l² Ë„>Å°² D „ìSç³×ìæ Ñf-Ä¶æ$-Ð]l…-™èl…V> ból¨…_…¨. 44,500 r¯]l$²Ë ºÆý‡$Ð]l# VýSË IG-¯Œl-G‹Ü Ñ{MýS-Ð]l*-¨-™èlÅ¯]l$ 20-13 ¯]lÐ]l…-º-ÆŠ‡ÌZ ¯úM>-§ýl-â¶æ…ÌZ ^ólÆ>aÆý‡$.

à…VŠS-M>…VŠS ï³uý‡…Oò³ M>ÅÈÌêÅÐŒl$

à…VŠæM>…VŠæMýS$ ™öÍ Ð]l$íßæâê `‹œ GWj-MýS*Å-sìæ-ÐŒlV> O^ðl¯é Ð]l$§ýlª™èl$ E¯]l² M>ÅÈ-ÌêÅÐŒl$ (5-9) Ð]l*Ça 26¯]l G°²-MýS-Ä¶æ*ÅÆý‡$. JMýS §ólÔ¶æ…, Æð‡…yýl$ Ð]lÅÐ]l-çÜ¦Ë$ çÜ*{™èl… MìS…§ýl 19-9-7ÌZ à…VŠS-M>…-VŠS¯]l$ O^ðl¯éÌZ ÑÎ¯]l… ^ólõÜ…§ýl$MýS$ {¼r¯Œl A…X-MýS-Ç…-_…¨. ©° {ç³M>Æý‡… à…VŠSM>…-VŠSMýS$ Mö…™èl çÜÓÄ¶æ$…-{ç³-†-ç³†¢ E…r$…¨. ❖

¡çÜ$-Mø-MýS-´ù-Ð]lyýl… Ð]lËÏ GMýS$PÐ]l Ð]l$…¨ í³ËÏË$ yýlÄôæ$ÇÄ¶æ* »êÇ¯]l ç³yýl$-™èl$-¯é²-Æý‡°, {ç³ç³…-^èl-ÐéÅ-ç³¢…V> Æøþ §é§éç³# 800 Ð]l$…¨ _¯é²-Æ‡ý $Ë$ D ÐéÅ«¨™ø Ð]l$Æý‡-×ìæ-çÜ$¢-¯é²-Æý‡° ÐðlËÏ-yìl…-_…¨.

1965ÌZ çÜÐ]l${VýS ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë ^èlrt… {ç³M>Æý‡… Ð]l¬°íÜ´ëÍsîæË$ HÆý‡µyézÆ‡¬. 74Ð]l Æ>gêÅ…VýS çÜÐ]lÆý‡×æMýS$ A¯]l$VýS$×æ…V> B…{«§ýl{ç³§ólÔŒæ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… 1994ÌZ Mö™èl¢ ^èlsêt°² Æý‡*´÷…¨…_…¨. 40,000 ¯]l$…_ 3,00,000 f¯é¿ê E¯]l² ç³rt×êÌZÏ ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë¯]l$ HÆ>µr$ ^ólÝë¢Æý‡$. ÐéÇÛM>§éÄ¶æ$, ç³ÇÐ]l*×êË B«§éÆý‡…V> ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çÜ¦Ë¯]l$ I§ýl$ Æý‡M>Ë$V> Ð]lÈYMýSÇ…^éÆý‡$. AÑ.. 1. òÜË„ýS¯Œæ {VóSyŠæ ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çœ$…: ÐéÇÛMSý B§éÄ¶æ$… Æý‡*.8 MørÏ MýS…sôæ GMýS$PÐ]l E¯]l²Ñ. 2. òÜµçÙÌŒæ {VóSyŠæ ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çœ$…:ÐéÇÛM>§éÄ¶æ$… Æý‡*.6 MørÏ ¯]l$…_ Æý‡*.8 MørÏ Ð]l$«§lý Å E¯]l²Ñ. 3. {VóSyŠæ&1 ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çœ$…: ÐéÇÛM>§éÄ¶æ$…S Æý‡*.4 MørÏ ¯]l$…_ Æý‡*.6 MørÏ Ð]l$«§lý Å E¯]l²Ñ. 4. {VóSyŠæ&2 ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çœ$…: ÐéÇÛM>§éÄ¶æ$… Æý‡*.2 Mør$Ï ¯]l$…_ Æý‡*.4 MørÏ Ð]l$«§lý Å E¯]l²Ñ. 5. {VóSyŠæ&3 ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çœ$…: ÐéÇÛM>§éÄ¶æ$… Møsìæ Æý‡*´ëÄ¶æ$Ë ¯]l$…_ Æý‡*. Æð‡…yýl$ MørÏÌZç³# E¯]l²Ñ. çÜ*^èl¯]l: D Ð]lÈYMýSÆý‡×æ¯]l$ {ç³¿¶æ$™èlÓ… M>Ìê¯]l$VýS$×æ…V> Ð]l*Æý‡aÐ]l^èl$a. {ç³† ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çÜ¦ÌZ ¯éË$VýS$ A…V>Ë$ E…sêÆ‡¬. AÑ.. ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS Ð]l$…yýlÍ: ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS çÜ…çÜ¦ ^èlÆ>a Ðól¨MóS ç³#Æý‡´ëËMýS Ð]l$…yýlÍ. C…§ýl$ÌZ G°²OMðS¯]l çÜ¿¶æ$ÅË$. MøBò³tyŠæ çÜ¿¶æ$ÅË$, GMŠæÞAïœíÙÄñæ* çÜ¿¶æ$ÅË$ E…sêÆý‡$.

Æý‡„ýS×æ Æý‡…VýS…ÌZ ¿êVýS-ÝëÓ-Ð]l*Å°² ºÌZ-õ³™èl… ^ólçÜ$-MøÐé-Ë° ¿êÆý‡™Œl, AÐðl$-ÇM> °Æý‡~-Æ‡¬…-^éÆ‡¬. çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl ¿¶æ{§ýl™èl, E{VýS-Ðé-§ýl…Oò³ ´ùÆý‡$ ™èl¨-™èlÆý‡ A…Ô>ÌZÏ MýSÍíÜ ç³°-^ól-Ä¶æ*-Ë° çÜ…MýS-Íµ…-^éÆ‡¬. ¿êÆý‡™èl gê¡Ä¶æ$ ¿¶æ{§ýl™èl çÜË-à-§éÆý‡$ Ah™Œl «§øÐ]lÌŒæ, AÐðl$-ÇM> Æý‡„ýS×æ Ð]l$…{† gôæÐŒl$Þ Ð]l*sìæ‹Ü, A…™èl-Æý‡Y™èl ¿¶æ{§ýl™èl Ð]l$…{† gê¯Œl-MðS-ÎÏ-™ø-´ër$ B §ólÔ¶æ gê¡Ä¶æ$ ¿¶æ{§ýl™é çÜË-à§éÆý‡$ òßæ^Œl-Ððl$-MŠS-Ð]l*-çÜt-ÆŠ‡-Ë™ø Ð]l*Ça 25¯]l ÐéíÙ…-VýSt¯ŒlÌZ çÜÐ]l*-Ðól-Ô¶æOÐðl$ D Ðól$Æý‡MýS$ °Æý‡~Ä¶æ$… ¡çÜ$-MýS$-¯é²Æý‡$. ❖

20-16 Ð]l*¯]l-Ðé-À-Ð]l–¨® çÜ*`ÌZ ¿êÆý‡-™lŒ MýS$ 13-1Ð]l Ýë¦¯]l…

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