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Speciation We​ ​are​ ​going​ ​to​ ​use​ ​the​ ​Evolution​ ​101​ ​website​ ​to​ ​learn​ ​about​ ​speciation​ ​and​ ​macroevolution.​ ​ ​ ​Go to​ ​http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_40 Speciation Read​ ​through​ ​the​ ​information​ ​on​ ​this​ ​page. Now​ ​go​ ​to​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Defining​ ​a​ ​Species 1. How​ ​are​ ​species​ ​defined?

2. Give​ ​two​ ​examples​ ​of​ ​when​ ​this​ ​definition​ ​of​ ​a​ ​species​ ​is​ ​difficult​ ​to​ ​apply. 1)

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Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Defining​ ​Speciation 1. What​ ​is​ ​speciation?

2. What​ ​happens​ ​at​ ​the​ ​point​ ​where​ ​speciation​ ​occurred?

3. Describe​ ​a​ ​scenario​ ​(all​ ​four​ ​steps)​ ​that​ ​exemplifies​ ​how​ ​speciation​ ​can​ ​happen. 1)

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Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Causes​ ​of​ ​Speciation 1. What​ ​are​ ​the​ ​two​ ​causes​ ​of​ ​speciation​ ​shown​ ​on​ ​this​ ​page? 1) 2) 2. List​ ​five​ ​examples​ ​of​ ​geographic​ ​isolation 1)

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3) 3. Describe​ ​how​ ​reduced​ ​gene​ ​flow​ ​without​ ​geographic​ ​isolation​ ​can​ ​result​ ​in​ ​speciation.​ ​ ​(What is​ ​gene​ ​flow?)

Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Reproductive​ ​Isolation 1. What​ ​is​ ​needed​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​prevent​ ​two​ ​parts​ ​of​ ​a​ ​population​ ​from​ ​interbreeding​ ​if​ ​they​ ​come back​ ​into​ ​contact​ ​with​ ​each​ ​other?

2. What​ ​does​ ​speciation​ ​require?

3. List​ ​and​ ​describe​ ​three​ ​main​ ​barriers​ ​to​ ​gene​ ​flow​ ​that​ ​may​ ​contribute​ ​to​ ​speciation. Barrier description

Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Evidence​ ​for​ ​Speciation 1. Describe​ ​why​ ​the​ ​raft​ ​of​ ​surviving​ ​iguanas​ ​arriving​ ​on​ ​Anguilla​ ​could​ ​be​ ​the​ ​start​ ​of​ ​speciation. (Note:​ ​ ​This​ ​isn’t​ ​in​ ​the​ ​reading​ ​–​ ​you​ ​need​ ​to​ ​think​ ​about​ ​what​ ​you​ ​have​ ​learned​ ​previously and​ ​apply​ ​it​ ​to​ ​this​ ​situation.)

2. What​ ​is​ ​allopatric​ ​speciation?

3. How​ ​do​ ​geographic​ ​patterns​ ​support​ ​allopatric​ ​speciation?​ ​ ​Use​ ​the​ ​owls​ ​as​ ​your​ ​example​ ​in your​ ​explanation.

4. How​ ​do​ ​experimental​ ​results​ ​support​ ​allopatric​ ​speciation?​ ​ ​Use​ ​the​ ​Diane​ ​Dodd’s​ ​fruit​ ​flies​ ​as your​ ​example​ ​in​ ​your​ ​explanation.

Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Cospeciation 1. What​ ​is​ ​cospeciation?

2. How​ ​are​ ​lice​ ​and​ ​gophers​ ​a​ ​possible​ ​example​ ​of​ ​cospeciation?

Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​Macroevolution Read​ ​the​ ​information​ ​in​ ​the​ ​introduction. Go​ ​onto​ ​the​ ​next​ ​page:​ ​ ​What​ ​is​ ​Macroevolution? 1. What​ ​is​ ​macroevolution?

2. What​ ​three​ ​main​ ​types​ ​of​ ​evidence​ ​are​ ​used​ ​to​ ​reconstruct​ ​the​ ​history​ ​of​ ​life? 1)

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2) 3. What​ ​are​ ​the​ ​basic​ ​evolutionary​ ​mechanisms​ ​that​ ​are​ ​at​ ​work​ ​with​ ​macroevolution? 1)

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4. How​ ​can​ ​processes​ ​like​ ​mutations,​ ​which​ ​seem​ ​very​ ​small-scale,​ ​influence​ ​the​ ​patterns​ ​of​ ​life we​ ​see​ ​today?