The former lead and zinc district from the east of Belgium after the end of the exploitations Leon Dejonghe Mineral Extraction and Ecology Workshop 2016 24/11/2013
Bleiberg L = ± 2000 m; E = 0.20-2.5 m; Em = 0.9 m; H = 182 m Arrêt : 1882
Sphalérite ZnS Galène PbS
Pyrite PbS
La Calamine L = 450 m; l = 65 m; H = 110 m Arrêt 1884 Calamine = smithsonite + willémite + Hémimorphite + oxydes de fer
Smithsonite ZnC03 Willémite Zn2Si04
Hémimorphite Zn4Si2O7(OH)2.H2O
La Calamine Jean-Baptiste Bastiné 1843
La Calamine Gîte nord et plan incliné Maugendre vers 1850
La Calamine (Moresnet neutre) Maugendre Around 1850
La Calamine (Moresnet)
Congrès de Vienne – 31 mai 1815 • Royaume des Pays-Bas (incluant Hollande et Belgique) • Désaccord de frontière avec la Prusse Traité des Limites – 26 juin 1816 • Trois parties dont Moresnet neutre Traité de Versailles – 28 juin 1919
• Moresnet neutre (1816-1819) = La Calamine
Vielle-Montagne – Angleur - 1847
Schmalgraf L = 650 m; H = 290 m. E variable = 0 – 3 m 120 mineurs Arrêt : 1931
Oseille sauvage (Rumex acetosa) Campanule à feuilles rondes (Campanula rotundifolia) Etc.
Pensée calaminaire
Tabouret calaminaire
Gazon d’Olympe calaminaire
Silène calaminaire →
Campanule à feuilles rondes ↓
Les chenilles de Ces papillons se nourrissent sur la Pensée calaminaire
Conclusions : une situation paradoxale Naguère : important niveau de pollution par le zinc
Naturelle (Pléistocène) Industrielle Augmentation du volume polluant (haldes, fumées, transport, etc.) Dispersion Aujourd’hui Les pelouses calaminaires sont rares Préserver un ecosystème (curiosité botanique, patrimoine naturel)
Protections particulières CORINE : Inventaire des sites d’importance majeure pour la conservation de la nature dans la communauté européenne ISIWAL : Inventaires des sites wallons d’un très grand intérêt biologique SGIB : Sites de grand intérêt biologique
ZHIB : Zones humides d’Intérêt biologique Natura 2000 Réserves naturelles sous l’impulsion de l’ASBL Ardenne & Gaume
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