ATHENS AREA BLACK HISTORY BOWL 2016 STUDY GUIDE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE 1.

These Black soldiers were trained to become pilots in World War II. They were mostly assigned to Italy where they escorted bomber planes and destroyed enemy planes. Who were they?

2.

In 1983, this Vietnam veteran became the Dr. Guion S. Bluford, Jr. first African-American astronaut launched into space.

3.

This physicist was among the first three African Americans selected as astronauts by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). He was killed in 1986 when the space shuttle Challenger exploded.

Dr. Ronald McNair

4.

This internationally renowned mathematician and astronomer was an eighteenth century inventor, writer and compiler of almanacs. He developed mathematical formulas to calculate the weather and astronomical events. He assisted with the survey and planning of Washington, D.C.

Benjamin Banneker

He was one of the first physicians to perform open-heart surgery in the United States, and in 1891 founded Provident Hospital and Training Institution in Chicago, the first black hospital run exclusively by AfricanAmericans. Name him.

Dr. Daniel Hale Williams

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Tuskegee Airmen

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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6.

In 1895 black doctors formed their own medical association after being barred from the all-white American Medical Association. What was the name of their association?

The National Medical Association

7.

In response to exploitation and exclusion, fifty-two black nurses met in New York in 1908 to form their own organization. What was the name of that organization?

The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses

8.

Who managed the development of the Apollo Lunar Module reaction control subsystem, and was fully responsible for the $42 million effort for eight years?

Ozzie Williams

9.

Who was the first African American Arctic explorer, and co-discoverer of the North Pole with Robert Peary in 1909?

Matthew Henson

10.

What patented invention of T.J. Byrd helped America’s westward expansion?

A device that improved the coupling of railroad cars.

11.

His work laid the foundation for the steroid drug industry's production of cortisone, other corticosteroids, and birth control pills. He also developed a drug used to treat glaucoma. Name him.

Percy Julian

12.

This auditor and inventor became an expert on the use of adding machines while working in the Postal Office Division of the U.S. Treasury. He went on to develop an electrical device that allowed paper to be fed through a machine.

Shelby Davidson

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

13.

This locomotive engineer created the electrical railway brake that allowed trains to stop safely. He also created the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph, which allowed for better communication between trains and stations. Because of his mechanical skills, he won 45 patents for his many inventions.

14.

This draftsman developed a flushing Lewis Latimer mechanism that improved the operation of toilets on railway coaches. He won eight patents and is also known for his contributions to Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone.

15.

She was the first African American woman to earn a medical degree in New York and the third in the United States.

Susan McKinney

16.

This African American physician, surgeon and medical researcher pioneered many of today’s advancements in processing and storing blood plasm in blood banks. During World War ll, he organized and directed blood bank programs for the United States and Great Britain, thus saving many lives.

Charles Drew

17.

This former slave distinguished himself as world renowned agricultural chemist and inventor. He created numerous products derived from peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes. Historians regard him as the scientist who revolutionized southern agriculture.

Granville Woods

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George Washington Carver

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18.

In 1993 this pediatrician became the first woman and the first African American to be named the U.S. Surgeon General.

Dr. Joycelyn Elders

19.

Who introduced intradermal vaccination for smallpox?

Dr. Lewis Wright

20.

Dr. William Hinton is credited with developing a test to detect what disease?

Syphilis

21.

Philadelphia and Massachusetts cobbler Jan E. Matzeliger invented what?

Shoe lasting machine

22.

Who in 1864 became the first black female awarded an M.D. degree?

Rebecca Lee Crumpler

23.

What Black American invented an inexpensive method of refining sugar?

Norbert Rilleux

24.

What is the name of the first all-Black Medical School?

Meharry Medical College

25.

The son of a slave and French pirate, what Haitian is credited with finding and establishing the city of Chicago?

Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable

26.

Who invented the pencil sharpener?

J.L. Love

27.

Who invented the gas mask and 3 way traffic light?

Garrett H. Morgan

28.

Who is the first Black female astronaut?

Dr. Mae C. Jemison

29.

Who had a tremendous impact in liver research and medical treatment of liver disease, and invented the technique of using dye to detect liver diseases and evaluate blood?

Dr. Carroll Moton Leevy

30.

Albert Y. Garner received a patent for what invention used to save lives?

A flame retardant

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

31.

Who is a pioneer in tooth transplantation and a graduate of Howard University?

Dr. Harold Fleming

32.

Name the African American who became the first person to successfully separate twins conjoined at the head.

Dr. Ben Carson

33.

The phrase “the real McCoy” was penned for what famous Black inventor whose inventions included the automatic locomotive lubricator?

Elijah McCoy

34.

Africa has three deserts. Can you name two of them?

Sahara, Kalahari, and Namib

35.

David H. Blackwell was the first black member of the National Academy of Sciences. Was he a mathematician or a radiologist?

Mathematician

36.

In 1918, Alice Parker received a patent for a heating furnace. Did it use gas, coal, or wood for fuel?

Gas (coal and wood had already been in wide use)

37.

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38.

EDUCATION AND BUSINESS The former chairman and CEO of the John W. Thompson Symantec Corp., he became independent chairman of the Microsoft Corporation on Feb. 4, 2014. He received a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Florida A&M, and a master’s degree in Management from MIT Sloan School of Management. He became one of the most famous African-American architects of the twentieth century. A native Californian, he designed numerous homes, public buildings and commercial properties.

Paul R. Williams

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

This educational and human rights leader first emerged as a leading educator who started what is now Bethune-Cookman College in 1904 with $1.50 in cash. She went on to become the head of the National Association of Colored Women and later the National Council of Negro Women. She distinguished herself by serving in President Roosevelt’s Black Cabinet during the Great Depression and New Deal.

Mary McLeod Bethune

40.

This woman became the first African American woman bank president in 1903.

Maggie Lena Walker

41.

This scholar is credited with creating Negro History Week, which later became Black History Month. He founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in 1915 and went on to edit the Journal of Negro History (now the Journal of African American History).

Carter G. Woodson

42.

This scholarly organization was formed by The American Negro Academy seventeen black men in Washington, D.C. They came together to study, debate and publish works in history, literature, science and religion. They did not allow women members but they supported women’s rights and women’s suffrage. Its members included W.E.B. Du Bois, Alexander Crummel, and Paul Laurence Dunbar.

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39.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

This entrepreneur and inventor developed a secret chemical formula that helped to nourish and grow black women’s hair. To help straightened black hair, she improved the hot comb and invented something called the Anti-Kink Walker System. She was the first selfmade woman millionaire in the U.S.

Madam C.J. Walker (Sara Breedlove)

44.

The founder of Black Entertainment Television (BET), who became the first African American billionaire in 2001?

Robert “Bob” Johnson

45.

In 1852, he was referred to as “the only black millionaire in New York." When he died in May 1875, he was called “the richest black man in the United States, possessing a fortune of $2 million, or in excess of $250 million today.” Who was this African-American Wall Street broker?

Jeremiah G. Hamilton

46.

What successful businessman was also the founder of Negro Free Masonry?

Prince Hall

47.

Available since 1884, what is the oldest continuously published African-American newspaper in the United States?

Philadelphia Tribune

48.

Who became the first African American female billionaire in 2004?

Oprah Winfrey

49.

Who was the first Black to anchor a national network television news program?

Max Robinson

50.

Who was the first Black American to have a seat on the New York Stock Exchange?

Joseph L. Searles

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43.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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51.

Established in 1945, what is the name of the world’s largest black owned publishing company which owns Ebony and Jet magazines?

Johnson Publishing Company

52.

Who founded the Ebony magazine?

John H. Johnson

53.

Who was the founder and president of the first Black American national labor union in 1869?

Isaac Myers

54.

What labor activist who founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1925 initiated the 1963 March on Washington?

A. Philip Randolph

55.

From what Atlanta college did Martin Luther King Jr. graduate?

Morehouse College

56.

Who was the first Black American female president of Spelman College?

Johnnetta Cole

57.

Who was the first Black American to graduate from college?

John Russwurm

58.

W.E.B. Dubois was the first Black American to receive a PH.D. from what prestigious university?

Harvard University

59.

What state has the most black institutions of higher learning?

Georgia

60.

Name 2 of the 5 colleges that make up the Atlanta University Center, the largest contiguous consortium of AfricanAmericans in higher education in the United States?

Clark Atlanta University, Morris Brown College, Spelman College, Morehouse College, and Morehouse School of Medicine

61.

Who was the President at Tuskegee Institute who recruited and hired George Washington Carver?

Booker T. Washington

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

62.

Who was the first Black president of the school board in Atlanta, Georgia?

Benjamin E. Mays

63.

This is the first and only black college consortium, founded in 1929? Name it.

Atlanta University System

64.

In what state is Tuskegee University located?

Alabama

65.

Established in 1881, what college holds the distinction of being America’s oldest historically black college for women?

Spelman College

66.

Born in 1810, who was William Leidesdorff?

One of the first Black American millionaires

67.

Who was the first Black American to Hugh Mulzac become captain of an American merchant marine ship?

68.

What famous educator and social reformer wrote Up from Slavery?

Booker T. Washington

69.

In 1958, what civil rights leader shared the Spingarn Medal with the Little Rock Nine?

Daisy Bates (advisor to students who integrated Little Rock, Arkansas, Central High School in 1957)

A cultural heritage and traditional values celebration, Kwanzaa is observed by many African-Americans from Dec. 26th to Jan. 1st. In Swahili, Kwanzaa means “first,” signifying the first fruit of the harvest. It was created by black studies professor Maulana Karenga in 1966.

Umoja (Unity)

70. Kujichagulia (Self-Determination) Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility) Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics) Nia (Purpose) Kuumba (Creativity) Imani (Faith)

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Name three of the seven principles of Kwanzaa and their meaning.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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72.

POLITICS AND MILITARY What was the name of the all Black The Buffalo Soldiers regiment in the US Army who were the original members of the US 10th Cavalry Regiment in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas? According to the National Archives, approximately how many African Americans served as soldiers in the Civil War? In 1874, Blanche K. Bruce became the first Black elected to a full term in the U.S. Senate. Who elected him?

198,000

74.

Who was the first black to serve in U.S. Senate during Reconstruction?

Hiram Revels

75.

In 1862, who seized a Confederate warship in Charleston and delivered it to the Union fleet with several slave families aboard?

Robert Smalls

76.

With whom did Robert Smalls meet and advise that black men be enlisted in the Union army?

President Abraham Lincoln

77.

This amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted black women and all other women the right to vote

The 19th Amendment

78.

What is the significance of Fort Huachuca (Waa-CHU-ka)?

It was the headquarters of all Black regiments including the Buffalo Soldiers for 20 years.

79.

Who became the first Black American to hold the rank of Major during the Civil War?

Martin Delany

The Mississippi Legislature

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73.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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80.

This native of Thomasville, Georgia, became first African American to graduate from West Point Military Academy.

Henry O. Flipper

81.

Who was the first African American four star general in US Military history?

Daniel James, Jr.

82.

Name the African American who in 1770 became the first casualty of the American Revolution when he was shot and killed in the Boston Massacre?

Crispus Attucks

83.

To what position was Colin Powell appointed, making him the highest ranking military officer?

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

84.

During the Civil War, Frederick Douglass served as an advisor to what US President?

Abraham Lincoln

85.

In what year did the U.S. Navy commission its first group of African American officers?

1944

86.

Coleman Young and Thomas Bradley were elected mayors of what cities in 1973?

Young-Detroit, MI Bradley – Los Ángeles, CA

87.

In 1989, he became the first elected African American Governor. Name him and the state he represented.

L. Douglas Wilder, Virginia

88.

For what state did Barbara Jordan serve as state senator and congresswoman?

Texas

89.

Who became the first African-American congresswoman in 1968, and four years later, the first major-party black candidate for the U.S. presidency?

Shirley Chisolm

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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90.

Who was the first African American woman to become mayor of a major city, Washington, D.C.?

Sharon Pratt Kelly

91.

Who was the first Black to serve as chairman of a major political party and the first Black Secretary of Commerce?

Ronald Brown

92.

What 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case upheld racial segregation in its “separate but equal” doctrine?

Plessy vs. Ferguson

93.

Who became Atlanta’s youngest and first Black mayor in 1974?

Maynard Jackson

94.

P.B.S. Pinchback became the first appointed Black governor and lieutenant governor in U.S. History. He also served in the U.S. Senate. What state did he represent?

Louisiana

95.

When Thurgood Marshall retired from the U.S. Supreme Court in 1991, who was appointed to fill his position?

Clarence Thomas

96.

Which U.S. President in 1955 appointed the first African-American to an executive position in the White House?

Dwight D Eisenhower (named Frederic Morrow as administrative aide)

97.

Name the Navy cook who shot down 4 Japanese planes during the 1941 attack on Pearl, for which he received the Navy Cross?

98.

In 1976, who was the first black woman ever named to the cabinet of a U.S. President?

99.

Who became the first female National Security Adviser in 2001 and first black woman Secretary of State in 2005?

Dorie Miller

Patricia R. Harris (President Jimmy Carter’s Secretary of Housing and Urban Development) Condoleezza Rice (appointed by George W. Bush)

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

100. She was active in the Chicago state legislature before becoming in 1992 the first black female U.S. Senator. Name her.

Carol Moseley Braun

101. He was the first African-American pilot in Frank E. Peterson the Marines and also the first black threestar general. Name him. 102. Who in 2001 became the first African American to serve as U.S. Secretary of State?

Colin Powell

103. Name the father and son who were the first black generals in two different branches of the armed forces. 104. Who was the first black U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations: Andrew Young or Julian Bond?

Benjamin O. Davis Sr. (Army) Benjamin O Davis Jr. (Air Force) Andrew Young

CIVIL RIGHTS AND THE LAW 105. Respected minister and civil rights leader, this New York pastor founded the Progressive National Baptist Convention, when the National Baptist Convention failed to fully support Dr. Martian Luther King Jr. and the civil rights movement.

Charlotte E. Ray

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In August 2000, President Bill Clinton honored him with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor. Name him. 106. She became the first African American woman to earn a law degree and the first woman to practice law in Washington, D.C.

Gardner C. Taylor

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

In 1925 this organization was formed to provide a voice and professional leadership for black lawyers who were excluded from other national associations.

The National Bar Association

108.

Only the second black woman to finish Columbia University Law School, she distinguished herself in many highprofile school desegregation cases, beginning in the 1940s. She also was the first African American woman elected to the New York state senate and the first African American woman to hold a federal judgeship.

Constance Baker Motley

109.

She was the first and only executive Ruby Doris Smith Robinson secretary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Her participation in the Atlanta Student Sit-in Movement and the Freedom Rides was key to their success.

110.

This South Carolina educator and activist became known for her organization of hundreds of citizenship schools throughout the South during the 1960s and early 1970s. She trained numerous teachers and activists for the civil rights cause.

Septima Clark

111.

This life-long civil rights activist was instrumental in the founding of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. She was known for introducing “group-centered leadership” as a movement philosophy.

Ella Baker

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107.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

This legislation prohibits discrimination in public accommodations and in employment.

The 1964 Civil Rights Act

113.

In what year did the US Supreme Court order school desegregation?

1954

114.

This long-time civil rights activist and Thurgood Marshall accomplished lawyer tried some of the landmark cases of the twentieth century. Known for his brilliant legal mind, unwavering commitment and dogged determination, he became the first African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.

115.

This newspaper editor and political activist became the first African American woman to be nominated for Vice President. A feminist and leftist, she spent her public career fighting against racism and for various causes, including the rights of workers.

Charlotta Bass

116. To whom did Martin Luther King Jr address his Letter from Birmingham City Jail?

White clergymen (in appealing for support against racial injustice)

117. Daughter of slaves, she was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi, on July 16, 1862. A fierce journalist and anti-lynching crusader, she took her fight for justice to the White House in 1898, calling for President William McKinley to make reforms.

Ida B. Well

118. What landmark Supreme Court ruling Mitchell vs. U.S. Interstate required all railroad companies to provide Commerce Act equal accommodations for blacks?

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112.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

119. In which year did apartheid officially end in South Africa: 1971, 1981, or 1991?)

1991

120. What gold medal is awarded annually by the NAACP to an African-American for the highest achievement in his or her field of activity?

The Spingarn Medal (named in 1914 after Joel Spingarn- A former NAACP board chairman)

121. In 1965, what Alabama city was the starting point for a historic five-day march to the state capital, ending in violence and prompting passage of the Voting Rights Act?

Selma

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122. Born on September 8, 1954, in Tylertown, Ruby Bridges Mississippi, she became at age 6 the first African-American to attend an all-white public elementary school in the American South. She was escorted to class by U.S. marshals, inspiring Norman Rockwell’s "The Problem We All Must Live With" painting, which graced the cover of Look magazine in 1964. 123. What is a form of protest where people peacefully occupy an area and refuse to leave?

Sit-ins

124. Rights of individuals to receive equal treatment regardless of their race, gender or religion is called what?

Civil Rights

125. What landmark US Supreme Court ruling declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional?

Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka 1954

126. What were two measures designed to deter Black voters from voting?

Literacy tests and poll tax

127. What are the Greensboro Four known for?

Starting the sit-ins movement on February 1, 1960.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

128. Who was responsible for sparking the Montgomery bus boycott by refusing to give up her bus seat? She has been called the mother of the modern civil rights movement.

Rosa Parks

129. Which U.S. president signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law?

Lyndon B. Johnson

130. As vice-chair of Mississippi Freedom Party, she challenged the state's all-white and anti-civil rights delegation to the1968 Democratic National Convention. Name her.

Fannie Lou Hamer

131. Name the local and state laws that enforced segregation in public schools, public places and facilities.

Jim Crow Laws

132. What landmark act outlawed voting Voting Rights Acts of 1965 practices that were discriminatory against Black voters? 133. What U.S. constitutional amendment in 1865 abolished slavery in the United States? 134. What U.S. constitutional amendment in 1964 abolished the poll tax that was levied to deter Black voters from voting?

24

15

th

th

th

Amendment

Amendment

Amendment

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135. What 1870 U.S. constitutional amendment stated that citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race or color?

13

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

136. What amendment to the Constitution, when ratified in 1868, gave citizenship to anyone born in the U.S. and equal protection under the law, which included former slaves?

th 14 Amendment

137. Noted African American intellectual and civil rights activist W. E. B. DuBois was a founding member of which organization in 1909?

NAACP

138. What in 1955-56 propelled Martin Luther King, Jr. to national prominence as a leader of the Civil Rights Movement?

Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott

139. In 1963, President Kennedy ordered the National Guard to ensure the enrollment of two African American students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, at which university?

University of Alabama

140. The National Rainbow Coalition, a political organization uniting various minority groups, was formed in 1986 by which African American leader?

Reverend Jesse Jackson, Sr.

141. Since 1987, he has been the U.S. Congressman John Lewis Representative for Georgia's 5th congressional district. On March 7, 1965 – a day known as "Bloody Sunday,” his skull was fractured by state troopers after he lead civil rights marchers over Selma, Alabama’s Edmund Pettus Bridge. Correct the effect of previous injustice

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142. What was the purpose of affirmative action programs?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

Thurgood Marshall

144. The National Civil Rights Museum is located in what Tennessee city?

Memphis

145. In 1948, what president signed what executive order that included provisions for fair employment; anti-lynching; bans on poll taxes; an end to legal discrimination in all federal areas; and integration of the military?

President Harry S Truman, Executive Order 9981

146. What was the Southern Manifesto?

Southern lawmakers petition to protest the decision in Brown vs. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas

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143. Who was the attorney for the NAACP in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case that established equal access to education?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

Common restrictions made it illegal for African Americans to:  Work beyond farm or domestic jobs;  Gather in groups larger than 5;  Assemble without a white person’s presence;  Learn to read or write;  Defy limited land and property ownership requirements;  Sit with whites on busses and trains;  Carry fire-arms, or any kind of weapons without the special written permission;  Preach, exhort, or otherwise declaim to congregations, without a special permission;  Intermarry;  Vote;  Testify in court against a white person;  Date or otherwise socialize with whites;  Buy and consume alcohol on the same premises with whites; and

148. When was the importation of slaves outlawed in the U.S.?

1808

149. Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1957 significant?

It was the first civil rights bill passed by congress since reconstruction. 24 years

150. How many years did Thurgood Marshall serve on the Supreme Court?

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147. Black Codes were state and local laws passed by Southern states, especially immediately following the Civil War, to restrict African Americans' freedom. The punishment for violators of these laws varied from location to location, but included whipping, branding, or being fined or jailed. Name four Black Codes listed in this Study Guide.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

151. What was the date of the 1st Martin Luther King, Jr. National Holiday?

January 20, 1986

152. Juneteenth is the oldest known celebration commemorating the end of slavery in the United States. Dating back to 1865, it was on June 19th that the Union soldiers reached Galveston, Texas with news that the war had ended and that the enslaved were now free. On what date did the first “Juneteenth” celebration take place?

June 19, 1865

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ARTS, LITERATURE AND ENTERTAINMENT 153. Born in Kansas City, Missouri and raised in Misty Copeland San Pedro, California, she began her ballet studies at the late age of thirteen. In June 2015, she became the first African-American female Principal Dancer in the prestigious American Ballet Theatre’s 75-year history. 154.

Known as one of the greatest jazz composer and pianist, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969. Name him.

Duke Ellington

155.

What did George M. Horton plan to do with the profits from his 1839 poetry collection, The Hope of Liberty?

Buy his freedom and go to Liberia

156.

This poet, songwriter, activist, educator and diplomat authored The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Along with his brother, he wrote “Lift Every Voice and Sing.”

James Weldon Johnson

157.

She is considered the most famous jazz vocalist of the twentieth century. Her most controversial song, “Strange Fruit,” was a protest against lynching.

Billie Holiday

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

This tenor saxophone player is considered the most innovative jazz musician of his generation. Among his most memorable and influential compositions is “A Love Supreme.”

John Coltrane

159.

This North Carolina vocalist and pianist was known as the “Singer of the Black Revolution.” Among her most famous protest songs written for the civil rights movement was “Mississippi G--dam.” She is known for her celebrated rendition of “To Be Young, Gifted and Black.”

Nina Simone

160.

Name at least one author, one poet, and one intellectual from the Harlem Renaissance?

Intellectuals: W E B Dubois, Marcus Garvey, A Phillip Randolph Authors: Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Countee Cullen, James Baldwin Poets: Sterling A Brown, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay

161.

This poet won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in 1950 for her book Annie Allen. She was the first black person, female or male, to win the award in any category.

Gwendolyn Brooks

162.

This celebrated writer and civil rights activist wrote the widely performed play A Raisin in the Sun. She became the first black playwright to win the prestigious New York Drama Critics Circle Award in 1959.

Lorraine Hansberry

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158.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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Born April 27, 1945, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he was an American playwright. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Fences in 1985 and for The Piano Lesson in 1990. His other well-known plays include a Ma Rainey's Black Bottom and Joe Turner's Come and Gone.

August Wilson

164.

This prolific writer and activist authored The Color Purple, which made her the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize (1983) for fiction.

Alice Walker

165.

This widely read and respected poet Langston Hughes authored The Negro Speaks of Rivers and fifteen other volumes of poetry to go along with two collections of short stories, one novel and two volumes of autobiography. His career took off during the Harlem Renaissance.

166.

In 1943 this powerful singer and gifted actor became the first black actor to play “Othello” in the United States. He appeared in eleven motion pictures and recorded over 300 spiritual and folk songs. In 1950 the U.S. government revoked his passport because of his political beliefs and activism.

Paul Robeson

167.

He was an African-American composer and pianist who achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the "King of Ragtime." His classic works include "The Entertainer," "Solace" and "The Maple Leaf Rag," which is the biggest-selling ragtime song in history.

Scot Joplin

168.

The late B.B. King was known for what type of music?

Blues

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163.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

Who was the first African American singer to be admitted to the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York City?

Marian Anderson

170.

What famous African American author/poet read at President Bill Clinton’s inauguration in 1993?

Maya Angelou

171.

Who wrote the book Born to Rebel?

Benjamin E. Mays

172.

What Alex Haley novel was made into a television mini-series in 1977 and 1979?

Roots

173.

Who was the first Black American poet to be nationally recognized for his writing?

Paul Lawrence Dunbar

174.

A prolific African American novelist, essayist, playwright, poet, and social critic, he was born on August 2, 1924, in New York City. His works include Go Tell It on the Mountain and The Fire Next Time.

James Baldwin

175.

The “Father of Gospel Music” composed over 1000 songs. Name him.

Thomas A Dorsey

176.

What is the name of the newsletter which was originally edited by W.E.B. Du Bois and published by the NAACP in 1910?

The Crisis

177.

She was known as the “queen of gospel music.” Her first recording “Move On Up a Little Higher” sold over a million copies in 1945. What was her name?

Mahalia Jackson

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169.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

178.

Hattie McDaniel was the first black performer to receive an Academy Award. She won for the Best Supporting Actress for what 1939 film?

Gone with the Wind

179.

For what 1954 film was Dorothy Dandridge the first black actress to receive an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress?

Carmen Jones

180.

Who wrote Their Eyes are Watching God?

Zora Neale Hurston

181.

Who was the first Black American woman chosen as Miss America?

Vanessa Williams

182.

Music historians refer to what type of music as the first black American music?

Spirituals

183.

What African American novelist wrote Invisible Man, for which he won the National Book Award for fiction in 1952?

Ralph Ellison

184.

What musical instrument used in Africa was frequently chosen as a royal or sacred instrument?

Drum

Philadelphia Concert Orchestra

186. Did Maya Angelou take the title of her autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, from a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar or Phillis Wheatley?

Paul Laurence

187. Who was regarded as “the King of Tap Dancers”?

Bill “Bojangles” Robinson

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185. In 1905, the first black symphony was founded; what was it called?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

188. The Roaring Twenties introduced an unprecedented outpouring of black art, literature, and music. What was this period known as?

Harlem Renaissance

189. In 1993, she became the first black to be honored with the Nobel Prize for Literature for six novels. She is a twotime winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Beloved which became a motion picture and in 1993 for Jazz. Name her.

Toni Morrison

190. Langston Hughes was responsible for publishing what Black American magazine?

The Nation

191. Name the singer who will always be remembered for her rendition of “Stormy Weather?”

Lena Horne

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192. Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol Artists admired each other and worked closely together. Were they artists or architects? 193. Which singer-actress won a Tony in 2000: Whitney Houston or Heather Headley?

Heather Headley

194. Thomas A. Dorsey has been called the “father of gospel music.” What is his best-known song?

“Precious Lord, Take My Hand”

195. What singer was known as “the Empress of the Blues”? 196. In her first leading role with the Metropolitan Opera, did Marian Anderson perform in a work by Verdi, Rossini, or Mozart?

Bessie Smith

197. What internationally famous dancer choreographed the ballet entitled Revelations?

Alvin Ailey

Verdi

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

198. Brooklyn native Louis Gossett, Jr., won an Emmy Award for his role in the TV movie Roots. What role earned him an Academy Award?

Drill sergeant in An Officer and a Gentleman

199. Did Henry O. Tanner become “the dean of American painters” in turn-of-thecentury London, Paris, or Madrid?

Paris (his painting “Raising of Lazarus” was purchased for the Luxembourg Palace.) Alice Coachman

201. A native Georgian and often called the “Black Babe Ruth,” this legendary Negro Leagues baseball player hit more than 800 homeruns during his career. He was never allowed to play in the all-white Major Leagues. Regarded as the best hitter in either league, he was the second African American to be admitted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Josh Gibson

202. She is an African American woman tennis player who has redefined her sport through her use of power and speed. She has won the Wimbledon championship five times.

Venus Williams

203. She is the winner of 21 Grand Slam championships and the only player to have won major titles in two different decades. She is considered to be the greatest woman tennis player of all time.

Serena Williams

204. He was the first African American to win the heavyweight boxing championship.

Jack Johnson

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SPORTS 200. This native Georgian from Albany became the first black woman of any country to win a gold medal at the Olympic Games. She did so at the 1948 summer games in London.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

205. This human rights activist has been the only African American male tennis player to win the U.S. Open, Wimbledon and the Australian Open.

Arthur Ashe

206. He is considered “the father of black baseball.” He was a pitcher, owner and manager. He founded the National Negro League. In 1981 he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Andrew “Rube” Foster

207. He was the best basketball center of his generation, having won the Most Valuable Player award six times in the National Basket Ball Association. A celebrated amateur player, he won three consecutive championships at the collegiate level. He is known for his outspokenness on political causes. He joined Bill Russell, Muhammad Ali and other athletes in speaking out against the Vietnam War.

Kareem Abdul Jabbar (Lew Alcindor)

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208. Born in St. Simons, Georgia, this National Jim Brown League running back led the league in rushing in eight of his nine seasons, with a total of 12,312 yards and 126 touchdowns. In 2002 Sporting News named him the greatest professional football player ever. He went on to have a career in film. 209. In 1988 this athlete became the first African American to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. She went on to have a career as an orthopedic surgeon.

Debi Thomas

210. Who was the first African-American to win a singles title at Wimbledon: Althea Gibson or Arthur Ashe?

Althea Gibson (won US Open and Wimbledon singles in ’57 and ’58)

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

211. Which boxers fought in the first televised heavyweight championship bout: Joe Louis and Billy Conn or Sonny Liston and Floyd Patterson?

Joe Louis and Billy Conn (at Yankee stadium in 1947-Louis won with a knockout)

212. What professional baseball player finished his career with 755 home runs, which was at that time the highest total in major league history?

Henry Aaron (Or Hank Aaron)

214. Jackie Robinson broke the color line with what major league team?

Brooklyn Dodgers

215. Who was the first player in NBA history to win both the MVP and Defensive Player of the Year awards in the same season?

Michael Jordan

216. Who did Muhammad Ali knock out in 1974 to win the heavyweight title for the second time?

George Foreman

217. Henry Aaron, who completed his baseball playing career with the Milwaukee Brewers in 1974, is the current senior vice-president of what major league team?

Atlanta Braves

218. Why did Muhammad Ali throw his Olympic gold medal into the Ohio River?

To show disgust at America's racism

219. Who at age 20 became in 1986 the youngest boxer in history to win the heavyweight title?

Mike Tyson

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213. Who became the first African American to Jackie Robinson win baseball's Most Valuable Player Award?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

30 Page

220. Who was the first heavyweight champion boxer to be trained by an African American?

Joe Louis

221. Who did Muhammad Ali defeat on February 25, 1964, to win the heavyweight title?

Sonny Liston

222. Who was the first African American pitcher in the American League?

Satchel Paige

223. On May 25, 1935, who set world records in three different track events?

Jesse Owens

224. What African American female athlete won three gold medals at the 1988 Seoul Olympics?

Florence Griffith-Joyner

225. What major league baseball team was the last to integrate their team?

Boston Red Sox

226. What were the Kansas City Monarchs?

All-African American baseball team

227. Who was the first African American woman to win the prestigious Wimbledon singles title?

Althea Gibson

228. In a record-breaking performance, Tiger Woods won his first major golf tournament (the 1997 Masters) by how many strokes?

12

229. For what professional sports team did "Meadowlark" Lemon play?

Harlem Globetrotters

230. (True or False) Calvin Peete was the first African American to play in the Masters golf tournament.

False - Lee Elder

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

231. Chuck Cooper was the first African American to play NBA basketball. With what team did he make his debut?

Boston Celtics

232. What sports team was referred to by many as the "Dream Team"?

1992 Olympic basketball team

233. Bill Russell was the first African American basketball coach of what team?

Boston Celtics

234. What track star won four gold medals at the 1984 Summer Olympics?

Carl Lewis

235. The Harlem Globetrotters got their start in what city?

Chicago

GENERAL HISTORY 236. Who was the Black preacher who led a Nat Turner slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831? 237. This organization of black women formed in 1896 and consisted of numerous regional, state and city federations. Its motto was “Lifting as We Climb,” and it served African American communities by providing numerous resources including mutual aid societies, training centers, kindergartens, asylums, and health campaigns.

239. Who was the first Black American Civil War soldier to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for valor in the Battle of Fort Wagner in 1863?

William H. Gray, III

William Carney

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238. What influential Congressman became Executive Director of the United Negro College Fund?

National Association of Colored Women (NACW)

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

240. What was the name of the network of hiding places which helped slaves to escape to freedom?

Underground Railroad

241. The 1890’s was the called the “women’s era” in black history because of the rise of the black women’s clubs and movements. For what reasons were these clubs and associations formed?

To provide social services and promote racial and gender equality for women in their community

242. What anti-slavery newspaper was founded by Frederick Douglas?

The North Star

243.

In 1794 this former slave established the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church -- the first independent black denomination in the United States. Name him.

244. Approximately how many African Americans migrated from the South to the North in the 1920s and 1930s?

32

3,000,000

245. On January 1, 1863 what significant declaration did President Lincoln issue?

The Emancipation Proclamation

246. Slaves were known to revolt against the slave system. In 1739 the Stono Rebellion occurred in what colony?

South Carolina ( 20 miles west of Charleston)

247. What orator delivered the powerful “Ain’t I A Woman” anti-slavery speech in 1851 at a convention on women’s rights in Akron, Ohio?

Page

Richard Allen

248. What antislavery activist was nicknamed after Moses, the Biblical figure who led people from servitude to the Promised Land?

Sojourner Truth

Harriet Tubman

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

249. A crusading journalist from Massachusetts, he founded The Liberator – an abolitionist newspaper.

William Lloyd Garrison

250. This 1852 book by Harriet Beecher was widely supported by abolitionists and condemned by slave owners.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

251. What was the name of the system in which Black Americans farmed someone else’s land with the expectation of receiving an equitable share of the season’s crop? 252. What was the first southern city to integrate all of its public facilities? 253. After Martin Luther King Jr.’s death, who succeeded him as the head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference? 254. The “PUSH” in Operation PUSH, founded by Rev. Jesse Jackson, stands for what?

Sharecropping

San Antonio, Texas

Ralph Abernathy

People United to Serve Humanity

255. Dr. Ralph Bunche in 1950 became the first Black American to win what prestigious award?

Nobel Peace Prize

256. Whitney Young advocated civil rights reform through what organization?

National Urban League

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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257. What does the acronym NAACP stand for?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

258. What Law prohibited slavery north and west of the 36-30 parallel within the Louisiana Territory? 259. What NAACP field secretary and civil rights leader was gunned down in the driveway of his Jackson, Mississippi, home on June 12, 1963?

Missouri Compromise

Medgar Evers

260. Who founded the first major Black American nationalist movement that called for Blacks to move back to Africa?

Marcus Garvey

261. Who founded the Organization of AfroAmerican Unity?

Malcolm X

262. What was the name of the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi who became a model for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s non-violent and peaceful movement? 263. He spent 27 years as a political prisoner in apartheid South Africa before becoming the country's first black president in 1994.

Rayard Rustin

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264. A master strategist, he is best remembered as the organizer of the 1963 March on Washington, one of the largest nonviolent protests ever held in the United States. He worked as adviser to Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1950s and '60s. On November 20, 2013, Barack Obama bestowed a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom — the nation's highest civilian honor — on him.

Nelson Mandela

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

265. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was fatally shot Lorraine Motel in Memphis, on the balcony of what hotel and city in Tennessee 1968? 266. Who wrote From Slavery to Freedom, a comprehensive book on the history of Black Americans? 267. Who famously wrote in the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case: “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” 268. She is a civil rights activist who worked for years to seek justice for the murder of her civil rights activist husband in 1963. She has also served as national chairwoman of the NAACP. On January 21, 2013, she delivered the invocation at the second inauguration of President Obama.

269.

John Hope Franklin

Chief Justice Earl Warren

Myrlie Evers-Williams

ATHENS AND NORTHEAST HISTORY Integration of the Clarke County School Mrs. Bettye Henderson Holston District's faculty began in August Alps Road Elementary 1966. Under a federally approved plan, the District placed five African Mrs. Ruth D. Hawk Americans teachers at all-white schools. Athens High School Name the teachers and the school each was assigned. Mrs. Victoria Baker Stroud Barnett Shoals Elementary School

Ms. Janette Browning Clarke Jr. High School

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Mrs. Johnnie Lay Burks Chase Street Elementary School

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

270.

Dr. Ivery D. Clifton This retired professor emeritus at the University of Georgia did his undergraduate work at Tuskegee and earned his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. In 1994, he became the University of Georgia’s first African American dean. A Vietnam Veteran, he supported the Young Scholars Program to attract minority students to UGA. Name him.

271. This retired long-term healthcare owner and administrator is past chairman of the Stillman College Board of Trustees. In 1969, she became Athens Technical College's first African-American faculty member. Name her.

Betty Brown Williamson

272.

James Hurley

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As a walk-on member of the junior varsity team, where he started at defensive end, this Atlanta native in 1967 became the University of Georgia’s first AfricanAmerican football player. In 1968, the he received the Bill Mundy Award for having the highest academic average on the entire team. He later transferred to Vanderbilt University, where he was awarded a scholarship and lettered in 1970.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

273. Currently, this Athens Clarke County Commissioner is Athens Mayor Pro Tem. He and Atlanta native James Hurley were the University of Georgia's first two African-American varsity athletes, as part of the 1968 track team.

Harry Sims

A military veteran and honor graduate of Savannah State University and Southern University Law Center, he is Elbert County's first African American attorney. He serves on the Executive Committee of the Georgia State Conference of the NAACP.

Attorney John M. Clark

The son of sharecroppers, this author was born in Morgan County’s Plainview community. In the early 1970s, he began publishing his highly acclaimed Muskhogean Trilogy which chronicles the life of an African American in the south from the end of World War I to the beginning of the 1960s. Often compared to William Faulkner, he won the James Baldwin Prize in 1979 and was inducted into the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame in 2009. Name the author and one book from the trilogy.

Raymond Andrews

274.

275.

Chuck Kinnebrew -- Rome Horace King -- Athens Clarence Pope –Athens Larry West -- Albany Richard Appleby – Athens

Name them and give their home towns.

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276. Five African-Americans broke the color line at the University of Georgia in 1971 when became the school’s first black scholarship athletes and first black varsity football players.

The trilogy consists of Appalachee Red, Rosiebelle Lee Wildcat Tennessee, and Baby Sweet's.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

277. In 1966, this Athens High and Industrial Chester Davenport School and Morehouse College honor graduate became the first African American to earn a law degree from the University of Georgia, where he finished high in his class. After serving two years as Assistant Secretary of Transportation in President Jimmy Carter Administration, he entered private practice and became enormously successful in real estate, investment banking, corporate acquisitions, and wireless communications. He sold his Envirotest Systems company at a $550 million dollar profit in 1998. Today, he’s one of the nation's wealthiest African-Americans. Name him. 278. Green Lane -- Named for Mrs. Corene Green, a former resident the Jack R. Wells community that Columbia Brookside replaced. As community center director, Mrs. Green spent countless dedicated hours in service to the community and youth. Barnett Trail– Named for former Brooklyn community resident Mrs. Jessie Walton Barnett who was a strong activist and advocate for children and families. She was one of the original founders of both the Athens Area Human Relations Council and the Clarke Community Federal Credit Union.

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Columbia Brookside, a new mixed-income housing development on Athens’ west side, is situated in the middle of Brooklyn -- one of the city's oldest AfricanAmerican communities. Streets in the new development are named in recognition of the community’s history. Name the persons for whom two of the streets are named, and tell something about each of them.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

279. Led by Clarke County school board member Linda Davis, work has begun to transform this 10-acre historic cemetery in Athens into a black heritage site. Established in the 1880s and located off Alps Road beside Clarke Middle School, the cemetery has more than 1000 graves -- including the graves of former slaves. Name the cemetery.

Brooklyn Cemetery

280. He grew up in Athens and attended Bishop L. Jonathan Holston Greater Bethel AME Church where he was called into the Christian ministry as a young boy. Since September 1, 2012, this University of Georgia graduate has served as Bishop of the United Methodist Church for the South Carolina Conference. Name him. 281.

What was the date of Jubilee Day in Athens--the day the Union soldiers arrived in Clarke County and freed the county’s 5,000 slaves?

May 4, 1865

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282. On the Day of Jubilee, the former slaves The Liberty Flag Pole or the Flag hoisted an American flag up the flagpole Pole of Liberty in front of Athens Town Hall. What did they call the flag and pole, as they danced in celebration? 283. What was the widespread rumor that was circulated in Athens around Christmastime of 1865 — a rumor that turned out to be untrue?

That former slaves would receive 40 acres and a mule from the federal government

284. In July 1867 a large crowd of AfricanAmericans flocked to the UGA chapel and were prevented from witnessing what event?

Commencement Exercises

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

286. Name at least one of the three popular local Black musicians who played at the University of Georgia first post-Civil War commencement exercise in 1867.

Bill Holbrook or Tom Reed or Wes Brown

287.

Oct 29, 1867 -- an election deciding whether a state convention would convene to draft a new state constitution

What was the date in which black Athenians first voted in a local election?

288. Regarding the April 1868 Athens election, the local newspaper called it “heart sickening and disgusting beyond anything we ever conceived of before. “What was the newspaper referring to?

The election of two former Athens slaves to the state General Assembly

289. Name the two former Clarke County slaves elected to the Georgia General Assembly in April of 1868.

Madison Davis and Alfred Richardson

290. What was the “Purge of 1868?”

The expulsion of 25 black state representatives from Georgia General Assembly, because of their race

291. Who in 1986 became the first Black Athenian elected to the Georgia General Assembly since Reconstruction?

Michael L. Thurmond

Later, he served as director of Georgia Division of Families and Children’s Services; commissioner of Georgia Department of Labor; and the DeKalb County School District interim superintendent.

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285. According to the Freedman's Bureau, how 70 many homes had blacks purchased in Athens by the summer of 1867—just two years after gaining their freedom?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

Pierce's Chapel

293. What current Athens church traces its roots to the city’s first black church?

First AME

294. Athens' oldest black Baptist church was organized in 1867. Name it.

Hill First Baptist

295. In his book A Story Untold, Michael Thurmond lists five local churchmen who became bishops of their respective denomination. Name two of them.

Lucius Holsey, W.H. Heard, W.D. Johnson, J.A. Bray, and A.J. Carey

296. What percentage of Athens black adult population had membership in at least one of the city’s 29 lodges in 1912?

75 percent

297. Athens' first school for Blacks opened in 1868. Name it.

Knox Institute

298. In 1921, what school earned the distinction of being Georgia's first state accredited high school for blacks?

Knox Institute

299. Knox Institute operated for how many years?

About 60 years

300. In what year did Athens High and Industrial School move to the then new Dearing Extension building?

1956

301. What year did Jeruel Academy first open its doors?

1881

302. What did Jeruel change its name to in 1924?

Union

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292. What was the name of Athens’ first Black church, which opened its doors in 1866?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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Elizabeth G. King

304. Name Athens’ private black school that remained open for 75 years, longer than any other local Black private school. Today, a historical marker near UGA’s Brumby Hall commemorates its former site.

Jeruel/Union

305. Name the former Union Baptist Institute principal who in 1955 became the first Black man in Athens to have a school named in his honor.

C. H. Lyons Sr.

306. She was Samuel F. Harris' second wife and started and operated the Model and Training School near Danielsville Road. In 2007 the Clarke County School District named a new elementary school on Danielsville Road in her honor. Name her.

Judia Jackson-Harris

307.

In what year did the first public schools in Athens open?

1886

308. The Athens High and Industrial School building on Reese St was constructed in what year?

1913

309. What school in 1922 became the first Black accredited public secondary school in Georgia?

Athens High and Industrial School

310. In what year was Athens High and Industrial School renamed Burney-Harris High School?

1964

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303. Who is the endeared 98-year-old teacher/coach for whom the Homer T. Edwards Campus gymnasium was recently named?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

311. Name the two local educators for whom Burney-Harris High School was named.

Annie H. Burney and Samuel F Harris

312. Who were the first two black students admitted to the University of Georgia in 1961?

Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes

313. On what date did black students first enroll in Clarke County's previously all white schools?

September 2, 1963,

314. Name the third grade Black student who integrated Chase Street in 1963.

Scott Michael Killian

315. Name the first Black student to enroll in all white Athens High School (which later became Clarke Central).

Wilucia Green

316. Who in 1992 followed Michael Thurmond as a Georgia State House Representative from Athens and held the seat for twenty years?

Keith G. Heard

317. Name Athens’ three Black students who integrated the now defunct Child Street School.

Marjorie Green, Agnes Green and Bonnie Hampton

318. What year did Clarke Central first open as a result of the consolidation of Athens High and Burney-Harris High?

1970

319.

W. H. McBride, Clarke Middle

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Who in 1974 became the first Black person to be named principal at a formerly all-white Clarke County school?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

Howard B. Stroud

321. What Black man “unofficially” attended the University of Georgia during the early 1900s? He later studied at Harvard.

Samuel F. Harris

322. Who in 1901 became Athens first Black woman physician?

Dr. B.B.S. Thompson

323. After earning his medical degree from Meharry Medical School in Nashville and serving as a physician in the U S Army, what black doctor opened his medical office in the Morton Building on Washington Street in 1946?

Dr. Donarell Green

324. The Susan Building at 1127 W. Hancock currently houses the law office of Green and Green. Originally, it was the Susan Medical Center--a small maternity hospital founded in 1946 by Dr. Andrew Jones. The center was named in honor of whom?

Dr. Andrew Jones' mother -Susan

325. Name Athens first black-owned drugstore.

E.D. Harris Drug Company

326. Who was the principal organizer of and largest stockholder in Athens’ first Blackowned drugstore?

Dr. William H. Harris

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320. He became the first black person to head Clarke County schools when he was named interim superintendent. Prior, he served as the deputy superintendent and the principal at Lyons Middle School. In the summer of 2007, the school board renamed Fourth Street Elementary in his honor. Name him.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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John Jeffreys

328. Who in 1910 became Athens' and Georgia's first Black female dentist?

Dr. Ida Mae Hiram

329. Who was Athens’ internationally known YWCA organizer who died in 1931 after having been refused medical help at Dalton hospital following a car accident?

Juliette Derricotte

330. Who as a slave sold rags on the streets of Athens to buy books, although it was against the law for slaves to learn to read? Later he became a bishop in the C.M.E Church and a founder of Paine College in Augusta.

Lucius Henry Holsey

331. Name the world-famous conductor, arranger, composer who provided the music for several movies, including Swanee River, Way Down South, The Green Pastures, Cabin in the Sky, and Frank Capra's Lost Horizons. A plaque is displayed in Athens City Hall in his honor.

Hall Johnson

332. Who in 1879 started the Athens Blade, Athens’ first Black newspaper?

W. H. Heard and W. A. Pledger

333. What year did the Morton Theatre open?

1910

334. Athens’ first black-owned radio station began operating in 1982. Name the station.

WXAG

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327. In 1982 he became the first AfricanAmerican to win an at-large (countywide) election in Clarke County; he was elected a County Commissioner. Later, he served as the first African American president of the Association of County Commissioners of Georgia (ACCG).

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

335. Who was the only Black female ever elected to Athens City Council?

Miriam Moore

336. Who was the first Black person elected to Athens City Council?

Ed Turner

337. Name the first two Blacks appointed to the Clarke County School Board in1968.

Wilbur P. Jones and John E. Taylor

338. Name Athens' first two African-American police officers.

Archibald Killian and Donald Moon

339. Who became Athens-Clarke County's first black superior court judge on November 17, 1995? Currently, he is a judge for the United States District Court.

Judge Steve C. Jones

340. Who was the first African-American Athenian to serve on the State Board of Education?

Barbara Thurmond Archibald

341. Name Athens’ highly acclaimed quilt maker whose work appears at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC and at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston.

Harriet Powers

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342. Who became Athens’ first Black sheriff on Ira Edwards, Jr. Jan. 1, 2001? 343. Who founded the Athens Area Human Relations Council, a group that has awarded more than 300 scholarships since its inception in 1979?

Rev. David Nunnally, Sr.

344. Who in 1962 became the first AfricanAmerican to earn a degree from the University of Georgia?

Mary Frances Early

345. Who founded UGA’s Torrance Center for Creativity and Talent Development?

Mary M. Fraiser

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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Dr. Richard M. Graham (School of Music)

347. This former Burney-Harris High campus now bears the name of the building’s first principal. Name him.

Homer T. Edwards

348. Paine College graduates Michael Thurmond and Fred O. Smith started the Athens Voice newspaper in what year?

1975

349. Located on Epps Bridge Road and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it's a rare surviving example of one-room schoolhouses where many blacks received their elementary and secondary education. Name this school that was built in 1887.

Chestnut Grove School

350. Who in 1995 became Athens Clarke County's first African-American school superintendent?

Dr. Lucian Harris

351. Who in 1997 became Athens first Black Police Chief?

Chief Joseph Lumpkin

352. What African American has served on the Clarke County Board of Education since 1979, having served several years as its first black chairperson?

Vernon Payne

353. Located in Athens, it is one of the oldest surviving vaudeville theaters built, owned, and operated by an African American. The theater hosted such notables as Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Bessie Smith, and Louis Armstrong. Name the theatre.

The Morton Theatre

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346. Who in 1968 became UGA's first Black faculty member?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

354. Located near and around Washington and Hull streets, it was the center of African-American commercial, financial, professional, and social life in Athens at the turn of the century. Many black businessmen established their operations there, including the dental offices of Ida May Hiram, the first African American woman to pass the Georgia Dental Board exams. What is this area commonly known as?

Hot Corner

355. Athens’ first public schools opened in 1886 when the Board of Education erected two, two-story, ten-roomed brick buildings, one for each race. What was the name of the school for blacks?

The Baxter Street School

357. Located in Athens on Fourth Street, this cemetery was established in 1882 for African-American Athenians as a burial insurance program. Prominent Athenians with grave sites at cemetery include Charles S. Lyons, Sr., Monroe “Pink” Morton, newspaperman William Pledger; and Reconstruction lawmaker Madison Davis. What is the name of this cemetery which is also on the national registry for historical places?

Evelyn C. Neely

Gospel Pilgrim

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356. This former Clarke County School Board member was a fearless advocate for children and civil rights. She was commonly referred to as “the Mayor of East Athens.” In 2007, the street near the Athens office of the Georgia Department of Labor was named in her honor. Name her?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

358. In the 1950s and 1960s, he developed Dr. Walter Allen, Sr. school band programs in Clarke and surrounding counties. When Clarke Schools integrated in the late 1960s, he was assistant principal at Athens High School. Since retiring after 32 years with the local school district, he has taught at several colleges, including the International University in Nairobi, Kenya. Additionally, his fund raising efforts supported the construction of the chapel and educational complex for inmates at the Athens-Clarke County correctional facility. Name him. 359. Started in 1951, the United Brotherhood Incorporated is an alliance of deacons from more than 30 African-American churches in the Athens area. Who were the group’s founders?

Rev. Mitchell M. Tate and Deacon Henry Morse

360. During the construction of the University of Georgia’s Baldwin Hall, a number of unmarked slave graves were discovered. The bodies were relocated and marked “with a huge monument.” Where were the bodies relocated?

To an area where the Athens Waterworks are located

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361. Born in 1867 (two years after the Civil Floyd Kenney War ended), he never learned to read nor write. Name the local black farmer who donated the land for the Chestnut Grove one-room schoolhouse.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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William Henry Heard

363. This nationally recognized artist and grew up in rural Morgan County and studied at the Art Institute of Chicago. His work is owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Art Institute of Chicago, and Atlanta’s High Museum of Art. Name him.

Benny Andrews

364. Born the son of sharecroppers on Jan. 29, 1921 in Abbeville, South Carolina, this Air Force veteran and Tuskegee Institute graduate spent his 34-year professional career in Oconee County as a dedicated educator and community leader. He was the last principal of the all-black Ed Stroud School.

Lawrence M. Scotland

365. Located in Watkinsville, this school was built in 1956 to educate black youth in Oconee County, replacing numerous church and community schools.

Ed Stroud School (1956-1969)

366. The wood schoolhouse for blacks in Oconee County was one of 242 Georgia schools built between 1912 and 1932 in part by grants from philanthropist Julius Rosenwald.

Watkinsville Rosenwald School (1928-1957)

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362. Born a slave in Elbert County in 1850, he attended the University of South Carolina during Reconstruction and served in the South Carolina legislature, before being removed because of his race. Later, in Athens he opened a school and helped start the Athens Blade, Athens’ first black newspaper. In 1908, he became a Bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Name him.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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367. Name the persons who served as principals of Ed Stroud School in Watkinsville.

Marvin Billups (2 years) Theodore Dyson (7 years) Lawrence M. Scotland (4 years)

368. Originated in Athens and as the Georgia State Industrial College for Colored Youth, the school, founded in 1890, is the oldest public historically black college in Georgia. What city did it relocate shortly after its founding and what is the college’s current name?

Savannah, Savannah State University

369. Once located at the corner of Flint Street and Railroad Avenue in Comer, Georgia, this one-room wood schoolhouse addressed the educational needs of African-Americans during the 30s, 40s and early 50s. Name the school.

Comer Colored High School

370. Born July 2, 1927 in Oconee County, Georgia and began her career in 1953 in the county’s one-room Oak Grove School, she was inducted into the Oconee County School System School System Hall of Fame in 2006. Name her.

Georgia Browning

371. This Northeast Georgia slave so distinguished himself as a war hero during the American Revolutionary that the state of Georgia granted him his freedom and 112 acres of land in Madison County.

Austin Dabney

372. This Athens native graduated from the

Kenneth Dious

University of Georgia law school in 1968 and in 1974 became the first AfricanAmerican to open a law office in Athens. In 2014, he ran for Congress in Georgia’s 10th District. Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

373. Constructed in 1901, this school is believed to be the last remaining oneroom schoolhouse built for African Americans in Morgan County. The school remained active until the late 1950s, when all the county’s African American schools were consolidated. The Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation recognized the school at its 2012 annual meeting with an “Excellence in Restoration Award.”

The Wallace Grove School

GEORGIA HISTORY 374. Founded by freed slaves in 1874, this school had served Bulloch County students for 125 years when it closed in 1999.

Willow Hill Heritage and Renaissance Center

In 2005, descendants of the founders purchased the Portal, Georgia, school building at auction and started work on what is now a museum and community center. Name the center. Austin Thomas (A.T.) Walden

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375. Once known as the “dean” of Georgia black lawyers, this noted attorney and civil rights leader was one of few African American lawyers in Georgia during early 20th century. In 1964 he was appointed judge of the Atlanta Municipal Court, making him the first black judge in Georgia since Reconstruction.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

376. The Civil Rights Museum in Savannah is Ralph Mark Gilbert named in honor; he was the father of Savannah's modern day Civil Rights Movement and a leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1942, he reorganized the Savannah Branch NAACP, served as president for eight years and convened its first state conference. Under his courageous leadership, more than forty NAACP branches were organized in Georgia by 1950.

Located at 326 Whitney Avenue, Albany Georgia, this museum focuses on the city’s nationally-recognized role in the civil rights movement. Name the museum.

Albany Civil Rights Institute

378. The founder and principal of the Haines Institute in Augusta for fifty years, she is Georgia's most famous female African American educator. Jimmy Carter as governor selected her portrait to hang in the Georgia State Capitol.

Lucy C. Laney

379. Located in Macon, Georgia, this 49,000square-foot facility is the Southeast’s largest museum dedicated to the history, culture and art of African Americans. Name it.

Tubman African American Museum

380. Built in 1921 by black entrepreneur Charles Douglass, this restored historic theatre has hosted greats like Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Ida Cox, Cab Calloway and Otis Redding. Name the theatre and the city where it is located.

The Douglass Theatre Macon, Georgia

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377.

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

381. Who was Georgia's most prominent antislavery advocate during colonial times? He said that slavery was "against the Gospel."

Gen. James Oglethorpe -- The founder of Georgia.

382. This Albany State University graduate has helped farmers since the late 1960s. Although she fought the United States Department of Agriculture for years as part of a class action racial discrimination lawsuit, she was hired by President Obama in late 2009 to serve as first African-American to head USDA's Rural Development for the state of Georgia.

The network of secret routes and safe places southward, used by American slaves to escape to freedom in then Spanish controlled Florida. Jack Hadley Black History Museum

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383. In his award winning book Freedom, author Michael Thurmond writes about the "lesser known” Underground Railroad. What was the “lesser known” Underground Railroad? 384. Located in Thomasville, this black history museum opened in 2006 with thousands of artifacts. Among the exhibits is one on Lt. Henry Ossian Flipper. Born a slave in Thomasville in 1856, Lt. Flipper--a Buffalo Soldier--became the first black graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1877. Name the museum.

Shirley Sherrod

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

385.

For eight decades (1906 to 1986) historic Reverend Dr. John Lawrence Boggs Academy, near Keysville, Georgia, Phelps in Burke County, was a collegepreparatory academy for AfricanAmerican students. Established in 1906, this boarding school was operated by the Presbyterian Board of Mission for Freemen, a committee organized in the final year of the Civil War. Name the Presbyterian Minister who founded the school. Book: Gone with the Wind Author: Margaret Mitchell. Fact: She secretly paid to educate 70 to 80 African-American doctors.

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386. This epic movie, based on the immensely popular book, won ten academy awards in 1940. When adjusted for inflation, it’s the most successful film in box-office history. Name the Pulitzer winning book; name the book’s Atlanta-born author; and tell what important contribution she made to the African-American community (as noted in this Study Guide)?

Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

387. During slavery and into the post-Civil War period, the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta had human bodies taken (illegally) from a local African-American cemetery and delivered to the college for medical dissection and training. In 1989, construction workers discovered 10,000 human bones and bone fragments in the dirt basement of the 150-year-old building that once housed MCG. On November 7, 1998, the remains were returned to and reburied in a single vault at Cedar Grove, a cemetery once reserved for the city’s slaves and impoverished black residents.

“Unknown but to God”

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What four words are on the stone monument marking the reburial site? 388. Born on October 6, 1921, in Huntsville, Alabama, he worked with the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Ralph David Abernathy, and others in 1957 to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In 1968, he became the SCLC's chairman. In 2009 he delivered the benediction at the first inauguration of President Barack Obama -- the nation's first African-American president.

Joseph Lowery

389. When he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1965, white members of the House refused to let him take his seat due to his vocal position against the United States’ involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1966, the Supreme Court, in a unanimous decision, ordered the State Assembly to seat him, saying it had violated his freedom of speech.

Julian Bond

390. Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]

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Athens Area Black History Committee Post Office Box 5118 Athens, Georgia 30604-5118 Phone: 706-247-6777 Email:[email protected]