Forbairt Foghlaim Fís
www. pdst. ie © PDST 2016 This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ie/. You may use and re-use this material (not including images and logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike Licence.
Politics & Society
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Round 2 Day 2
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Seminar Overview Session 1 9.15 – 11.15
• Marginalisation through Gender Equality • UN and the Irish Context
11.15-11:30
Coffee
Session 2
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• Patriarchy (Walby) 11.30 – 12.45 • Inequality (Lynch) • Capabilities Approach (Nussbaum) 12.45 – 1.30
Lunch
Session 3
1.30 – 3.15
• Participants will evaluate the role of the media in reporting on and representing high achieving women as a means of maintaining Public Patriarchy.
Key Messages
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A wide range of participatory and enquiry-focused teaching and learning activities are appropriate for Politics and Society
The decisions as to the most appropriate sequence and structure for learning will need to be made by the teacher in light of their own knowledge of the learners in their class
Developing in learners the skills of analysing and interpreting data is an important objective of Politics and Society
Learning Intentions • Participants will become familiar with learning outcomes and pedagogies for topics 2,4,5 and 6.
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• Participants will demonstrate an understanding of the links between gender and equality in Ireland and the relevance to our membership in the UN. • Participants will evaluate the role of the media in reporting on and representing high achieving women as a means of maintaining Public Patriarchy.
Anticipation Guide Anticipation Exercise Name Date Topic Score
True
Before
False
Statement 1 2
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After
True
False
Women’s rights are Human Rights. Frances Fitzgerald is the first female Tánaiste 3 There are two types of patriarchy: Public and Private 4 There is a €12,500 difference in pay between men and women with Masters degrees. 5 The proportion of females in consistent poverty increased from 7.2% in 2005 to 8.3% in 2014 6 The gender pension gap was 17% in 2013. 7 Class and race have no impact on gender equality 8 Women TDs increased from 13% in 2005 to 22% in 2016. 9 Nussbaum developed the Capabilities Approach to address her belief that a “rights” approach does not go far enough in accommodating all citizens 10 Marginalisation can occur at the micro and macro level Instructions: Predict answers, listen, read and participate in activities, predict again, compare your results before & after
Relevant Resources
• Core reading • Further reading • Relevant data
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• Relevant key thinkers
• Relevant academic articles
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Marginalisation
Who are the marginalised?
Who is marginalised?
How are people marginalised? PDST Politics and Society Date: ___________________
Name: _______________________
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Marginalisation
Marginalisation Who?
Walby
UNDHR
Data
Lynch
Nussbaum
How might women in Ireland be marginalised?
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• • • •
Dáil Éireann Employment & pay inequality Sole parent – majority are women Carers – Women usually in the “caring” profession and role in society • Budget – does it consider women on the margin? • Media – how are women portrayed? Would you get away with referring to a minority or a man the way women are?
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TASC: Cherishing all equally • Women’s continued position as society’s default caregivers, along with wider societal and economic gender discrimination, and the absence of adequate state-provided care structures, results in a significant gendered pay and pension gap. • The gender pay gap in Ireland is 13.9% while the pension gap is 37%. • Gender inequalities also result in women in Ireland being underrepresented in more senior positions in employment and politics. • Women elected representatives make up 22% of the Dáil and 10.5% of board members of the largest publicly listed companies.
UN Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
• History of CEDAW
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• Questions asked of Ireland • Ireland’s response prior to reporting • National Strategy for Women 2017-2020
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PDST Politics and Society Name: _______________________
Date: ___________________
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Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
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Coffee Break
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“…blatant, intentional discrimination against women is far from being something merely to be read about in history books” (Fine,2010) Agree or disagree with this statement using appropriate data and integrating at least two relevant Key Thinkers.
Patriarchy 6 Key Structures Sylvia Walby
Patriarchy: 6 key structures (summary of Sylvia Walby, “Theorising Patriarchy, 1990)
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1. Operates via paid work where females often receive lower rates of pay than for men 2. Operates via the gender divison of labour in the household which forces women to take primary responsibility for housework and childcare even if they are in full time employment
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3. Cultural disadvantage because modern western culture emphasises the importance of feminine attractiveness which degrades and sometimes threatens women 4. Heterosexual relationships are essentially patriarchal although women have made gains as a result of modern contraception and the liberalisation of abortion and divorce laws
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5. Often sustained by male violence against women 6. Sustained by the activities of the State which is still patriarchal as well as capitalist and racist – although there have been limited reforms through more equal educational opportunities and easier divorce laws that have helped to protect women against patriarchy
Marginalisation Who?
Walby
UNDHR
Data
Lynch
Nussbaum
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Two Types of Patriarchy 1. where domination occurred in the family as the man in his position of husband or father was the oppressor and beneficiary (mostly married women were not allowed to work outside the home) 2. as women gained greater opportunities for employment but still disadvantaged in the labour market relative to men (exploitation by the collective)
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Two Types of Patriarchy • Private - where domination occurred privately in the family as the man in his position of husband or father was the oppressor and beneficiary (mostly married women were not allowed to work outside the home) • Public - moved from the private as women gained greater opportunities for employment but still disadvantaged in the labour market relative to men (exploitation by the collective)
Is the experience of patriarchy generic?
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The Irish constitution being given to the Church for input before ratification
Muslim women in Ireland might experience more private patriarchy
Are women from origins other than white Western countries likely to experience more exploitation via private and public patriarchy?
White, poorly educated/qualified women may also be exploited/ignored by public patriarchy
Discussion and Debate: Four Corners Strongly Agree
Agree
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Patriarchy will never be eradicated in Ireland as long as there is continued collusion between State and Church.
Strongly Disagree
Disagree
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Terms: Gender and Gender Inequality Gender: refers to the social attributes and opportunities associated with being female and male and to the relationships between women and men and girls and boys. The attributes, opportunities and relationships are social constructed and are learned through socialisation process (www.eige.europa.eu).
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Gender Equality: refers to the equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same but that women’s and men’s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female (www.eige.europa.eu).
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Gender equality is not a women’s issue but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centered development (www.eige.europa.eu).
Inequality Systems where inequality can be generated
Dimensions of inequality where it can be manifested
• Economic
• Resource inequalities
• Cultural system
• Respect and recognition inequalities • Representation inequalities • Relational inequalities – love, care and solidarity
• Political system
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(K. Lynch, 2015)
• Affective System
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The Capabilities Approach (Nussbaum...) 1. Life 2. Bodily health and integrity 3. Bodily integrity 4. Sense, imagination and thought 5. Emotions 6. Practical reason 7. Affiliation 8. Other species 9. Play 10.Control over ones own environment
Marginalisation Who?
Walby
UNDHR
Data
Lynch
Nussbaum
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David Chambers Blind Boy Boat Club
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Women’s Portrayal in the Media
Miss Representation Trailer (2011 Sundance Film Festival)
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Women in Politics
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How can we achieve gender equality when we have men (and women?) and a media that willingly portray women in this way?
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• What solutions could be used to address this issue?
• Are gender quotas the answer? • Can CEDAW have a lasting impact on gender equality? • Should gender equality rather than coding be on the Primary school curriculum?
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Activity - Scenario Sorting Race
Forbairt Foghlaim Fís
www. pdst. ie © PDST 2016 This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Licence http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ie/. You may use and re-use this material (not including images and logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike Licence.
The PDST is funded by the Teacher Education Section (TES) of the Department of Education and Skills (DES) and is managed by Dublin West Education Centre
