LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT GENERATOR. DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS. To perform Load test on D.C shunt generator and to determine the external characteristics and internal characteristics of a DC shunt generator. Aim:
Apparatus Required: S.No
Equipments
Type
Range
Qty
Name plate details:-
Motor
Generator
Terminal voltage Load Current Field Current Speed Power
Generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy .In D.C shunt generator Field winding is connected in parallel with armature winding. External characteristics give the relation 2|Page Prepared By: K.Praveen Kumar, Asst.Professor, EEE Dept
Sphoorthy Engineering college
EM-1 Lab Manual
Dept of EEE
between terminal voltage (V) and load current (IL) when loaded. Normally the terminal voltage of the generator decreases with increase in load. The constant voltage condition is almost impossible to be fulfilled with a shunt generator unless the field Current is being automatically adjusted by an automatic regulator. With Out such regulation terminal voltage decreases due to mainly three reasons (i)
Armature resistance drop (IaRa)
(ii)
Armature reaction
(iii)The drop in terminal voltage due to (i) & (ii) results in decrease in the field current If which further reduces the induced Emf. This curve takes into account the voltage drop in the armature Resistance. The load characteristics can be obtained in two ways. By making simultaneous measurements with a suitable voltmeter and ammeter on a loaded generator. (ii) Or from O.C.C., provided the armature resistance, the field resistance and the demagnetizing ampere turns due
to the
armature reactions are known. Internal or total characteristic give the relation between Emf (Eg) and armature Current (Ia). This can be calculated from external 3|Page Prepared By: K.Praveen Kumar, Asst.Professor, EEE Dept
Sphoorthy Engineering college
EM-1 Lab Manual
Dept of EEE
characteristic. The generated emf is calculated by adding IaRa drop to the terminal voltage. The model graph is given below. Procedure: 1. Connections are made as per the Circuit diagram. 2. The motor field rheostat is kept in minimum resistance Position and generator field rheostat in maximum resistance Position. 3. There should be no load on the generator- before starting the Motor-generator set. 4. The motor is started by closing the main switch and slowly cutting off the starter resistance. 5. The motor is brought to its rated speed by increasing the field rheostat resistance. 6. Terminal voltage of the generator is brought to the rated voltage on No-load by decreasing the generator field rheostat resistance. 7. The loading rheostat is switched on and the load is Increased by closing the individual load switches in steps (i.e.) by decreasing the load resistance in steps). 8. The readings of terminal voltage (V), load Current (I1) and Field 4|Page Prepared By: K.Praveen Kumar, Asst.Professor, EEE Dept
Sphoorthy Engineering college
EM-1 Lab Manual
Dept of EEE
Current (If) of generator are noted by maintaining speed constant at rated speed for each step. 9. Now decrease the motor speed by decreasing the motor field Rheostat resistance. The load on generator is removed and then the motor is stopped. 10. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram to determine the armature resistance. 5 or 6 sets of readings of Voltmeter and ammeters are taken for different loads.
Precautions:1. Avoid loose connections. 2. Start the motor at minimum speed. (i.e. field rheostat in Minimum resistance position) 3. In each step, adjust the speed to its rated speed. 4. Do not over load the machine. 5. Decrease the speed before removing the load.
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