3D-CBS: CHANGING THE MOLECULAR IMAGING PARADIGM WITH THE FIRST TRUE TOTAL BODY, COST-EFFECTIVE PET The 3-D Complete Body Screening (3D-CBS) device, based on the 3D-Flow OPRA creates a paradigm change in molecular imaging because it has the capability to acquire and accurately process at over 40,000 TB data per day, all possible signals from tumor markers at the lowest possible cost per each valid signal captured.
It is hundreds of times more efficiency than current PET devices, it can detect minimum anomalies in biological processes requiring only 1/100 the radiation thus enabling an effective early detection of cancer and several other diseases at a curable stage. A single 4 minute examination is all what that is required to cover all organs of the body; therefore individual screening on specific parts of the body like mammograms, PAP-tests, colonoscopies and PSA will not be necessary. It provides physicians with additional information to improve diagnoses, prognoses and the monitoring of treatments for many diseases, potentially saving millions of lives and reducing healthcare costs.
3D-CBS 3-D Complete Body Screening The 3D-CBS technology based on the 3D-Flow OPRA provides an effective early detection of cancer and other diseases when they are at their most curable stage. It does this in a single examination with very low radiation covering all organs of the body, thus replacing the need for a separate mammogram, PAP-test, colonoscopy, PSA, and other less efficient screenings, potentially saving millions of lives and reducing healthcare costs. Measures minimum abnormal biological processes. Before anatomical changes take place
Rai.tv Italy - Italian scientist Dario Crosetto, inventor of a breakthrough technology for early cancer detection, is appealing to administrators, politicians or anyone else holding a position of responsibility to solve the cancer problem. Faster examinations, lower costs and fewer risks for patients. The problem is to shake the market so that this project, the project of this 3D-CBS machine, receives funding and becomes reality.
The 3D-CBS is a method and system designed for an effective early detection of cancer and other diseases when they are at their most curable stage. It provides physicians with additional and more accurate information to improve diagnoses, prognoses and the monitoring of treatments for many diseases The patented 3D-CBS invention describes a method and apparatus hundreds of times more efficient than current PET devices (Positron Emission Tomography) and requires less than 1/100 the radiation, thus enabling an effective early detection at a much lower examination cost. Most everyone we know has a family member or friend who has been affected by cancer; eight million deaths every year, among which 7 million are premature, more than in any war. Cancer is the most deadly and costly calamity in the world. How is this problem being addressed? Now we are talking about big data, personalized medicine, sequencing DNA, genomics; however, there is another solution that we have known about for over 70 years: early cancer detection which could have already saved 50% of these premature deaths. This statement is proven by experimental data gathered during the past decades from the U.S. NIH Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) as reported in the bottom-left table and by several other agencies in the world, showing that survival rate when cancer is detected at an early stage is 49.5% for lung cancer to 100% for prostate cancer, while if detected at a late stage it drops to 2.8% and 31% respectively.
To have an efficient early detection we need to detect a signal related to the mutation of normal cell into a cancerous cell. The essence of this project is to find that needle in a haystack, create a trap ─ the trap that will capture a given signal or object: “the tumor marker”.
The 3D-CBS is based on another invention by Crosetto: the 3D-Flow system which was recognized valuable by academia, industry and research centers in a major scientific review. It is the solution to the problem that thousands of scientists from prestigious world laboratories have sought for 20 years and opens the door to many applications. One of these applications is the 3D-CBS which traps all tumor markers contained in the radiation. At its own expenses Crosetto proved feasibility and functionality of his invention in hardware in two modular electronic boards.
Proof of concept of Crosetto’s 3D-Flow invention to be feasible and functional in hardware. Crosetto designed, constructed, and tested in hardware two modular particle detection boards as shown in Figure 1, each with 68 x 3D-Flow processors capable of extracting all valuable information from radiation for High Energy Physics (HEP) and for Medical Imaging applications, suitable for building 3D-Flow systems for matrices of any size of transducers and/or detectors of any size for HEP or Medical Imaging applications. He presented his work at the IEEE-NSS-MIC Conference in 2003 in Portland, Oregon.
Figure 1. Two 3D-Flow modular data processing boards (the top showing the rear view and the bottom the front view) for particle detection, each with 68 x 3D-Flow processors built in Altera FPGAs, interconnected with flexible printed circuit cables/connectors. Each board has 2,211 components, over 20,000 contact pins connected through only 8 layers printed circuit board for signals and 6 layers for power and ground. The board and the system worked at the first version of the prototype. The signals transmitted over LVDS connection provide stability and noise immunity to the system even when several signals switch at the same time. Recently, from May 5, 2015, Crosetto was solicited both verbally and in writing to formally submit a proposal of his inventions to the U.S. Department of Energy by his former supervisor at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), Dr. Jim Siegrist, who knew the value of Crosetto’s invention from the time at the SSC, and who is now Director for the Office of High Energy Physics -HEP- at the Office of Science of the Department of Energy. To satisfy Siegrist’s request, Crosetto worked hard from August to November 2015 with several reputable companies who prepared 59 quotes showing feasibility for 8,192-channels Level-1 Trigger for LHC in 9 electronic VXI, 400 mm x 366 mm data processing 3D-Flow OPRA boards and for 2,304-channels 3D-CBS system for early cancer detection in 10 electronic VME 160 mm x 233 mm data processing 3D-Flow OPRA boards. He then submitted a formal proposal of his 3D-Flow OPRA invention to build both VXI and VME boards for the above mentioned and several other applications (See details and references to the 3D-Flow OPRA application for the 3D-CBS, saving millions of lives by providing an effective early cancer detection at page 24, 27, 34, 83, 93, 96, 144, 145, 203, 204, 238, 255) to DOE on December 22, 2015. On May 3rd, 2016, Crosetto submitted an abstract/summary of his 3D-CBS invention to save millions of lives through an effective early cancer detection, very low radiation and low examination cost to IEEE MIC, a leading conference in the field sponsored by IEEE the world’s 400,000 member largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. Following is an excerpt of his 2505 abstract/summary (see full text here).
Summary submitted on May 3rd, 2016 to: IEEE-MIC Conference – Strasbourg, France, Oct. 29 – Nov. 6, 2016
3D-CBS: Breakthrough Invention Based on the 3D-FLOW System, Capable of Extracting ALL Valuable Information from Radiation with the Potential to Save Millions of Lives and Reduce Healthcare Costs Dario B. Crosetto - Crosetto Foundation for the Reduction of Cancer Deaths - 900 Hideaway Pl. DeSoto, TX – USA. www.UnitedToEndCancer.org/doc/900.pdf The 3D-CBS (3-D Complete Body screening) Medical Imaging device based on the 3D-Flow OPRA system is hundreds of times more efficient than current over 6,000 PET (Positron Emission Tomography), and is capable of extracting ALL valuable information from radiation at the lowest cost per valid signal captured from the tumor markers. It enables an effective early detection of cancer and other diseases, providing physicians with more accurate information to improve diagnoses, prognoses and the monitoring of treatments for diseases with the potential to save millions of lives while reducing healthcare costs. This is very important because radiation is related to biological processes, therefore by accurately extracting all valuable information from radiation (on spatial resolution, time resolution, energy and sensitivity) it allows a reduction of the radiation dose to the patient, provides valuable information to doctors on anomalies in morphological changes and in biological processes with a substantial healthcare cost reduction. …One way to maximize the reduction of cancer deaths and costs would be to demand that funding agencies using taxpayer and donation money to fight cancer, whether through a new drug, vaccine, medical imaging device, or healthy lifestyle promotion, etc., estimate the reduction of cancer deaths and cost they expect to attain with their project (or combined with other existing techniques) and present a plan to test it on a sample population. For example, test the plan on 10,000 people, ages 55-74 taken from a location where the mortality rate has been constant for the past 20 years. A difference or no difference in the mortality rate will quantify the success or failure of the proposed solution. This project plans to test 10,000 people (as detailed before) and achieve a 33% reduction of cancer death in 6 years and 50% in 10 years. The last page of the 2505 abstract/summary submitted to the 2016 IEEE-MIC Conference describes the entire project from the problem definition, to the objectives (see Figure 6 of this document), to the schematics of the hardware implementation of the project with dimensions and drawings in scale, proven feasible by 59 quotes from reputable industries. Furthermore, the abstract 2505 provides a link to a 271-page document describing the details of each component of the 3D-CBS system. After proving his innovative concept functional with four 3D-Flow processors in one FPGA and 68 x 3D-Flow processors in each electronic board of Figure 1, Crosetto requested the quote to two different companies to house 16x- and 64x 3D-Flow processors in an ASIC. The performance increased 13 times the speed, 1/10 the power consumption and 1/200 the cost, which for a minimum first order of 55,500 ASICs is $1 per processor, lowering to $0.42 per processor for large volumes. Clearly there is a disadvantage in using 16 x 3D-Flow processors in an ASIC because the number of boards would be 4 times. Next, Crosetto designed three VXI boards for 1024- and 512-channels and two VME boards for 256-channels, one with components on both sides of the PCB and another version with components on one side and a mezzanine. Figure 2 shows the mother board of the VME version with mezzanine. Crosetto then requested two to three quotes from different companies to compare feasibility and costs of the 3DFlow OPRA boards. Figure 3 shows the drawings with dimensions, in scale of the entire 3D-CBS system.
Figure 2 - VME 3D-Flow motherboard, 256-channels, 832 x 3D-Flow processors.
Figure 3 – 3D-CBS breakthrough invention based on the 3D-Flow system enabling an effective early cancer detection.
Figure 4 – The 3D-CBS provides accurate quantitative information related to minimum abnormal biological processes. Its front-end intensive computational capability, which can extract all valuable information from radiation at the lowest cost per valid signal captured allows economical crystals to be used, thus reducing the cost of the examination as well as the device. It maximizes efficiency in measuring time, energy, spatial resolution and sensitivity, which helps eliminate “false positives” and “false negatives”.
The 3D-CBS (3-D Compete Body Screening) outperforms the Explorer which was funded by NIH for $15.5 million in October 2015. The authors, who for many years rejected the 3D-CBS, copied many of its ideas. However, the 3D-CBS intense computation capability at the front-end using 3D-Flow OPRA, provides more accurate measurements with less than 3,000 economical (BGO) crystals compared to 500,000 expensive (LYSO x5 the cost of BGO) crystals used by the Explorer project. The 3D-CBS technological advantages offer the highest potential to reduce cancer deaths and costs. Table 1 – Features of Crosetto’s 3D-CBS (3D-Complete Body Screening) compared to the Explorer by Simon Cherry at al.
Description Crystal Type Number of electronic channels Number of Channels per Board Number of Detector Boards Number of Crates housing the Detector Boards (the 3D-CBS crate is also housing the computer to process valid data and provide results in analytical and graphical form)
Capability to acquire and process data each day Hard Drive’s size needed each day Number of racks containing computers to process acquired data Power Consumption Sensitivity Cost of the Device
Examination Cost (what matters to the patient)
Potential to save millions of lives (what should matter to humanity: to solve the world’s most deadly calamity)
Potential to reduce healthcare costs (what should matter to politicians to solve the world’s most costly calamity)
EXPLORER
3D-CBS
1,920 16 120
Economical BGO <3,000 crystals 2,304 256 9
12
1
40 TB
>40,000 TB
40 TB 4 to 6 40 to 60 kW Less than the 3DCBS 30 to 50 times current PET Higher than current cost because the throughput cannot be 30 to 50 times current PET
1 GB 0 3 to 4 kW
Expensive LYSO 491,520 crystals
Cannot prove to save lives on a sample population because each day it cannot process 40,000 TB data from tumor markers
Increases healthcare cost because of its exorbitant cost; losing many lives lowers productivity
Ultra-Sensitive 2 to 3 times current PET Lower than current cost because the throughput can be higher than 2 to 3 times current PET Can prove on a sample population to save many lives because each day it can process costeffectively over 40,000 TB data from tumor markers The lower examination cost saves many lives; those who live instead of dying return to be productive and are removed from healthcare bill
Data for the Explorer reported in the above table are derived from publications, slide (goo.gl/BpqjAj) presentations and several (goo.gl/RG8COf) press (goo.gl/ovMZ5j) releases (goo.gl/Tl95NN) made (goo.gl/NpNNNr) by the authors (goo.gl/xcBe0Q) of the (goo.gl/W6cZ9Y) Explorer and from calculations based on the data reported in the articles. Data and feasibility (goo.gl/6DS5oy) of the 3D-CBS (goo.gl/YGg04E) (3D-Complete Body Screening) is proven by the 3DFlow (goo.gl/5EUkYe) innovative basic concept proven feasible and functional in hardware in two modular boards (goo.gl/ymgnXz) each with 68 x 3D-Flow processors and recently the 3D-Flow OPRA (goo.gl/goYPv9) proven feasible and cost-effective by 59 quotes from reputable industries.
Figure 5 – Technological advantages of the 3D-CBS compared to current more than 6,000 PET
The 3D-CBS enables an effective early detection of cancer and other diseases when they are their most curable stage, saving over 50% of lives that would be lost prematurely, potentially saving millions of lives while reducing healthcare costs.
Figure 6 – Definition of the problem, identification of what does and doesn’t solve the problem, what should be improved to solve the problem, what are the expected results and how to obtain measurable results in cancer deaths and costs reduction
