Tonle Sap Case Study: Adaptation Heng Sokrith Tracy Farrell GG Workshop May 20,2014
Acknowledgement: Cambodian Climate Change Alliance (CCCA)
Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 4.36”, y: .18”
Photo 2 5.51” x 10.31” Position x: 8.53”, y: .18”
Adapting to Environmental Change in the Tonle Sap: Building Resilience for Communities and Ecosystems Ecological vulnerability driven by changes in flood regime - Map areas of suitable habitat under scenarios of changes in hydrological flows Vulnerability of local communities to current risks Interview households and focus groups to identify current vulnerability and adaptation actions for improving livelihoods and capacity to cope with changes
Photo 1 4.2” x 10.31” Position x: 8.74”, y: .18”
Adaptation Actions: Policy Assessment Review of Policy Settings and recommendations for Effective Management of the Tonle Sap - Support communities to strengthen livelihoods and improve resource management through pilot grants (CCCA)
Project Location
Expected changes in the Tonle Sap Climate change and hydropower impacts on an average year 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
masl
rvmpa rvcca rvgia rvnca A1b models + hydropower observed average Hydropower
May Jun
Flood extent changes during dry season (+30%):
Jul
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Flood extent changes during wet season (-10%):
Arias, M.E., Cochrane, T.A., Kummu, M., Killeen, T.J., Piman, T., Caruso, B.S., 2012. Quantifying changes of flooding and habitats in the Tonle Sap Lake (Cambodia) caused by water infrastructure development and climate change in the Mekong Basin. Journal of Environmental Management.
What are the vulnerabilities and risks for communities?
INTERVIEW RESULTS: Borrowing money to meet household needs
Financial Debt • 95% borrow money for: • Boat • Aquaculture feed • Aquaculture fingerling • Live stock feed
Relatives 22%
• • • •
Village Money Lenders 30%
Savings groups 13%
Banks; 28%
1. Borrow money from relatives
Borrow money from banks
Borrow money from community saving group
Borrow money from village money lender
Remove children from school
Sell assets (like boat, fishing gear)
Become a laborer (on fish lot for example)
Go to farm upland
New fishing gear Repair old fishing gear Fuel Fish cage
INTERVIEW RESULTS: Income received to meet household needs 30
- Money lender in another village (10-15%) - Bank (3%)
25
20
15
10
5
0
1. Borrow money from relatives
Borrow money from banks
Borrow money from community saving group
Borrow money from village money lender
Kompong Prak
Remove children Sell assets (like Become a laborer Go to farm upland from school boat, fishing gear) (on fish lot for example)
Tonle Chhmar
INTERVIEW RESULTS: Strategies to cope with change
Name Boeng Chmmar Kompong Prak
30
Yes 39 40
No 32 17
25
20
15
10
5
0
Changed fish variety
Changed fishing Changed timing Changed location Started farming method (type of of certain fishing of where you fish gear used activities predomina
Kompong Prak
6. Started aquaculture ?
Boeng Chmmar
8. Increased the 7. Started working on a fish amount of time spent in fishing ? lot ?
INTERVIEW RESULTS: Ideas about food and income security • • • • • • • • • •
Floating garden Money Saving group and lending Credit Fish and Livestock raising Want house on land Water filter container Energy saving cooking stove Provide training raising fish and pig Allocate fishing area for community (Boeng Chmmar) Permanence teacher in each village Nurse in health care centre
September 2012: Technical Consultative Workshop (Social and Ecological Resilience in the face of climate change for the Tonle Sap) and Policy Assessment 1. Key recommendations for effective land planning, policies and implementation of these by relevant institutions, including action steps to achieve suggested adjustments. 2. Outline of roles and responsibilities of community fisheries committees and list action points for effective management and collaboration with government agencies.
Replanted 100 hectares 50% survival rate Improved fish stocks
Protected Kampong Prak Fish Sanctuary
• 6 demarcation posts • 3 * 9 km2 protected • FiA patrols, partially funded by govt.
Enforcement, species protection, ecosystem management
3 Community Fisheries Committees established
Fish processing & savings groups with women’s groups, aquaculture, fuel efficient cookstoves
Monitoring and evaluation of biophysical conditions, and also livelihood improvements baseline and early changes monitored
Fish Assessment
Wildlife Monitoring
Forest Cover Change
Weather Monitoring
Water Level
Thank You
