A CommonSense Approach to Real-world Global Sensing Srdjan Krco
Goal Architecture – Common solution for support of creation and deployment of sensor based applications in mobile environment – Taking business and technological aspects into account
Business view – Value chains, business possibilities, consumer needs
Technological view – Impact on current and future systems, gateway solutions, application enablers and standardization possibilities
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Traditional WSN approach Autonomous installations deployed by one entity Specific purpose, known users Users have prior knowledge – Existence of the sensor network – Type of information a WSN can provide (for example temperature, air quality, etc.) – General coverage area of a WSN
Isolated enclaves – No interaction with the parties outside the jurisdiction of the organization that deployed WSN – No interactions with other WSN in the same area deployed by other organizations
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Our focus
Horizontal solutions
Integrate
Create sensor mash-ups
– – – – – – – –
Applicable to and reusable across many different WSN applications WSN Actuators M2M RFID NFC Opportunistically Using atomic sensor services avaialable at a given moment Applications
Home Network
Fixed/Mobile Network RFID/NFC
Sensor Network FP7 Prosense workshop, Dublin March 2008
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Personal/Body Area Network
Envisaged scenario – 1 Water quality is very good. I could allow others to see the results as well.
Let NW know about the availability of the sensors and willingness to share information
Sensor included into database I'm willing to share the weather conditions measurements (wind speed and direction, wave height)
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Check if this is a trustworthy source. If yes, make it available as a new service.
Communication network + CommonSense framework Update the community environment monitoring map.
Envisaged scenario – 2
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Envisaged scenario – 3 I wonder what are the traffic conditions on the route to the city centre.
Query the network about the traffic
Perform a search to identify what sensors are available on the route from the user's location to her destination that can give me an answer about the traffic conditions.
Send query about the average speed to all identified sensor gateways
Communication network + CommonSense framework
Answer sent back to the user, charge applied
Response from individual sensors Analyse and aggregate an answer. Guarantee privacy and accuracy. Deal with accounting.
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Looking for car ID sensors (number of cars along the route) and their speed and information on any accidents
Discovered sensors based on required type and location (commercial WSN and community WSN)
CommonSense Requirements
Global collaboration and sensing Scalability & heterogeneity Plug & play End user service delivery Multiple usages Security, privacy and trust Business models and incentives Enhancing existing services New traffic models
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Global collaboration and sensing
Sensor information providers – – – – –
Ubiquitous, like web services today Individuals carrying sensors on bodies, in pockets and cars Sensors embedded into everyday objects opportunistically use mobile phones and similar devices as gateways Companies using sensor information to support own business processes Commercial sensor network operators deploying sensor networks where and when they see business potential
Sensor mash-ups – – –
Individual installations interact, communicate and exchange information Context to observed events, more accurate observations, better coverage, faster reaction etc. Enhance and enrich other services with available context information
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Global collaboration and sensing New applications, new roles and players on the market, new challenges and requirements for the underlying networks Open information market – Sensor information shared – Contributed to community and social services – Sold to interested parties
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Scalability & heterogeneity Envisioned sensor and actuator framework should cope with the proliferation of sensor networks in terms of – numbers – diversity
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Plug & play Making sensor data accessible and available to others – As simple as possible
Architecture has to support – Seamless and dynamic addition of new sensors – Changes in functionality and capabilities of existing WSN
Individual transactions between remote users and sensors – Minimum involvement of sensor owners – Have to comply with the rules and policies defined by the sensor owners
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End user service delivery Variety of end users devices – PCs, mobile phones, purposely built terminals
Capabilities of devices vary considerably – Service delivery in appropriate format
IMS – universal service delivery platform – Provides support for a number of services and devices – Includes authentication, location and charging mechanisms – Sensor based services support?
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Multiple usages Instead of – One WSN One application
Our goal – One WSN Many applications
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Security, privacy and trust Numerous small entities – Opportunistically provide bits of information, basis for creation of high level services
Important to – Use reliable and trustworthy sources only – Keep privacy of information sources
Mobile networks – Authentication mechanisms – Location tracking capabilities – Excellent starting point for building the required procedures
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Business models and incentives Static business models in use today In the future, extremely dynamic environment expected – Business models have to adapt
Users will opportunistically use applications Business solution has to facilitate numerous, small adhoc financial transactions – In the background without significant user involvement
Incentives to sensor network owners needed – To make their networks available and accessible needed
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Business models and incentives
Community and social networks –
Sensor owners willing to bear communication cost in return for the access to the community/social network
Commercial application – –
– – –
Deploy own sensor networks and create a closed business system Mass deployment of sensors - mechanisms and incentives to everyone to contribute the information they have Large coverage and diversity of information possible Different WSN used at different times to create new services Dynamic sensor mash-ups Value of a WSN contribution variable Sensor accuracy, location, number of other similar sensors Fair remuneration to each WSN involved in providing the service
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Enhancing existing services WSN not isolated of other communication services Mobile phones use sensory input – Enhance and enrich all other communication services that the mobile phone supports Mobile device generate flower scents when the caller is in a garden
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New traffic models New applications and services Significantly increased number of network users New traffic patterns, new requirements on the underlying networks Radio resources bottlenecks?
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Related work
Urban Sensing and MetroSense – –
Sensing nodes not owned by a small number of central authorities, but by citizens who carry sensors and contribute data voluntarily via their mobile devices Goal is to develop an architecture that will facilitate development of citizeninitiated sensing applications in personal, urban and social domains.
SensorPlanet
SenseWeb
Hourglass
– – –
– –
Global research framework on mobile device-centric large scale WSN Architecture to integrate sensor enhanced mobile phones and devices into mobile networks and make them available to mobile applications. Common platform and set of tools that will allow easy publication of data from geographically distributed wireless sensor networks and making useful queries to the live data sources via a web service interface. Scalable, robust data collection system to support geographically diverse sensor network applications Creates an overlay infrastructure that provides service registration, discovery, and routing of data streams from sensors to one or more client applications
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CommonSense Architecture
Roles
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CommonSense architecture Multiple applications – multiple WSN Intermediary broker and processing layer – Narrow convergence waist between Underlying heterogeneous sensor networks Applications with diverse requirements on top – Interaction with individual sensor networks – Caching data to minimize network data flows – Unified sensor network interaction interface to applications – Common functions, like average over time and location
Service providers (sensor mash-ups) – Process and aggregate data in an application specific manner
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Service oriented architecture Focus on collections of sensors offering a service Independent of specific sensor network implementations – Networks have to describe how the service they provide can be used
Managing multiple dynamic security associations and the associated authorization decisions a complex task – Outsource to CommonSense provider
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Architecture
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M2M and Sensor Networking Ecosystem App
App
App
App
App
Existing NW services
3rd party services
CommonSense
AAA
Maps RA SR Location
SCF
...
Gateway
MyThings
Gateway
RFID/NFC
PAN/BAN FP7 Prosense workshop, Dublin March 2008
Instant Messaging
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Application plane Applications – Health and fitness applications – Telematics and navigation applications – Insurances, alarms of different kinds
Use common service interface – Issue high level queries (for example “What is the air quality in the main street”) – Receive responses from the Application enablers plane
Responses – Processed in an application specific manner – Presented to the end users
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Broker and processing entity
Narrow convergence waist between – –
Heterogeneous sensor networks below Applications with diverse requirements on top
Provides a set of enablers for all types of applications
Subsystems
– – – – – – – –
Applications
Common Sense
Information exchange Sensor and Actuator Sensor network discovery Networks Data processing Aggregation of atomic sensor network services (sensor mash-ups) Common functions, like average over time and location Service Control Function (SCF) Controls interaction with all external parties Analyzes high level service requests from applications Request Analyzer (RA) Decision engine decomposes requests from application to multiple individual information requests, recomposes aggregated answer SR Database containing registration descriptions of attached WSNs Available services, access policies and useful query attributes such as geographical coverage or position
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Broker and processing entity Distributed Spans across multiple administrative domains Roaming users WS&AN from different domains used in one application
App
Provider 1 Gateway
CS3
Provider 2
CS4 Gateway Gateway
CS5
Gateway FP7 Prosense workshop, Dublin March 2008
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CS2
CS1
Gateway
Gateway
Gateway
Demo description IEEE Mass’07, Pisa, Italy
System Architecture Mobile phone or PC with Internet connection Wide area network interface
Core NW functionality
Wide area network interface Mobile phone or PC with Internet connection
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System implementation HQ
Application
Laptop
Mobile team app Web services
M2M System - Servlet within a SIP container - "wiring" between high and low level APIs - multiple GW handling
Mobile phone
Laptop
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(Telos motes)
Physical Layout 2 logical disjoint networks: (Q1,Q2 ), (Q3,Q4 ) Q2 Injured B1
ECG GW
B5
B2
B6
Cellular System
B3
B7
B4
B8
LocGW B9
B13
B10
Q1
B14
M2M System (Croatia) B11
15
B12
B16
Q3
Q4
Rescue team FP7 Prosense workshop, Dublin March 2008
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Each person carries a location sensor (Telos) and an ECG sensor LocGW maintains the location of each injured or rescue field team person, (proximity localization system) Each mobile phone plays the role of the ECG GW Emergency personnel use mobile phones or laptops to get a view of the monitored area
Summary
Sensing and actuating physical world Massively distributed and dynamic system – People with mobile phones, cars, houses, machines
New services created – Collaborative, opportunistic creation of services
The existing services enhanced – Use context information to enrich multimedia
New business models – Fair incentives to everyone to make information available
New traffic type and models – New protocols and procedures might be needed to optimize networks
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