A New Path to the Unification of Forces Alagar Ramanujam and Uma Fitzcharles Vethathiri International Academy, Chennai Introduction: It is well known that in science today we speak of four forces operating at different levels of material systems: gravitational force, electromagnetic force, strong force and weak force. All these forces were identified at different points of time as an attempt to explain our observations. The gravitational force rules the cosmos and determines the structures and dynamics of celestial objects. The electromagnetic force operates at the atomic level, keeping the electrons bound to the nucleus. The strong force operates at the nuclear level, keeping the nucleons together in spite of the repulsive coulomb forces between the protons. The weak force operates at the particle level, effecting the transformation of proton into neutron, or vice versa. While we have well-established theories for gravitational and electromagnetic forces, there have been many conjectures regarding the nature of strong and weak forces. There have been several attempts to unify these forces in recent years as part of the search for a Grand Unification Theory. Are all these ‘forces’ essentially different, or are they different aspects of a unitary force? Questions like this have gained serious attention from those in the field of theoretical physics. By and large it has been agreed that the ‘four forces’ are different aspects of a unitary force, and the search is on to identify the nature of the unitary field. Although models like the Salam-Weinberg Theory succeeded in unifying the three forces, viz. electromagnetic, strong and weak, till now there is no satisfactory theory to incorporate gravity and thus unify all the four. In this article we discuss why it remains difficult to come to this unification and suggest a new path to achieve it.

The Nature of Gravity

The Axioms of the Vethathirian Model

In modern science it is taken for granted that all the four forces are caused by various aspects of matter such as mass, spin and charge. But, according to Vethathirian concept, which is the base for this article, gravity itself is the unitary force from which all other forces arise. In the Vethathirian model, gravity is the inherent property of space; hence this model contradicts the assumption that all the four forces are caused by matter. The Vethathirian model offers a radically new approach wherein three forces are understood to be different manifestations of gravity itself.

1. Space is characterised with an inherent selfcompressive pressure that results in the formation of spinning quanta of space, called “formative dust”, which in turn is compressed to form particles called ‘vethons’. The selfcompressive nature of the space tends to decrease the distance between any two particles and thus the inherent self-compressive pressure of space itself is gravity. 2. Every vethon radiates a spreading wave around it by the constant emission of its constituent dust. The force of this spreading wave (called magnetic wave) impinging on another particle tends to increase the distance between them, constituting a repulsive force between the two particles.

Therefore, instead of trying to unify the forces as is being done now, we will try to unify these forces causally, establishing space as the cause for inertia, spin and charge. Once space, inertia, spin and charge are united, their effects -- the four forces -- will also be united. Until now, there has not been sufficient effort to understand the true nature of mass and charge, and how the inherent spin of material particles is caused. It is the lack of understanding these three fundamentals that is reflected in our inability to unify the forces.

How Spin, Mass and Charge Arise from Gravity In Vethathirian concept, space is characterized with inherent self compressive pressure that results in the formation of spinning quanta of space called ‘formative dust’, which in turn are compressed to form particles. The compressive nature of space brings particles and systems of particles together and this compressive nature is what is called gravity. The cause for the spin of

particles is the spin of the constituent dust; therefore the cause of spin is the selfcompression of space. It must be clearly understood that the ‘spin’ here is mechanical in nature; it is not the spin parameter commonly referred to in modern science.

charged particles of extremely small mass (electron) as well as of larger mass (muons and pions). Positive charge is associated with greater mass because the nuclear particle in an atomic system is more massive than the orbiting particles.

Every particle radiates a spreading wave around it by the constant emission of its constituent dust. This wave, called magnetic wave, is a counter-force to the compression of space on the particle. Every system of particles is under a net gripping force, which is the difference between the compressive force of space on it and the mitigating counter-force due to its own repulsive spreading wave. This net gripping force is a measure of how difficult it is to move the system and hence is its inertia.

Conclusion

As the spin of a particle decreases over time (as it loses its spinning dust), its repulsive force that is mitigating the compression decreases. In this way the inertia, i.e. the net gripping force, increases. Hence, depending on the spin factor, there are massive particles and particles of lesser mass. Due to the compressive nature of space, systems are formed with massive particles in the center and lighter particles in orbit. These are natural atomic systems. This tendency of particles to associate into systems is attributed to what we call ‘charge’. There is a tendency to come together and form a stable system between particles of differing spin ( resulting in ‘electrostatic attraction’), and particles of more or less equal spin tend to move away from each other (‘electrostatic repulsion’), resulting in inability to form a system. By convention, in any atom-like system the orbiting particles are said to be negatively charged, and the nuclear particles are said to be positively charged. If we look at the standard proton-electron structure, the spin of the proton is much less than the electron. If the electron were replaced by another particle of lesser spin, so long as the spin gradient between the proton and this particle is within a range, the atomic system can still be possible and stable. In this case, the orbiting particle will be said to be negative just like the electron in the first case, because the system is maintained. This indicates that there would be particles of ‘negative’ charge but differing mass. Similarly, there would be particles having ‘positive’ charge, but differing mass. This explains the presence of negatively

In summation, the causes – space, mass, spin and charge – are now seen to be unified in the sense that mass, spin and charge are functional aspects of space. Mass is understood as the net gripping of space; spin as the effect of self compressive nature of space, and charge as the behavior of particles to associate into systems according to their spins. Hence, we arrive at space as the unifying entity. In our view, only the realization that gravity is the property of space, and space is the base for mass, charge and spin, can lead to unification of the four forces called gravity, electromagnetic, strong and weak. References 1. G. Alagar Ramanujam and Uma Fitzcharles, Arivukkan, Chennai, Sept. 2006 2. Vethathiri Maharishi, Gravity of Gravity, Vethathiri Publications, 2002 3. Proceedings of the Seminar on Vethathirian Concepts of Gravity and Cosmology, Vethathiri Publications, Jan. 2003 4. Alagar Ramanujam, Uma Fitzcharles, K.Perumal, Wide Spectrum, India, 2004