J. New York Entomol. Soc. 108(1–2):181–186, 2000

A NOTE ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS CERAMIOPSIS ZAVATTARI (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE; MASARINAE) BOLI´VAR R. GARCETE-BARRETT1

AND

JAMES M. CARPENTER2

1

Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, Sucursal 1 Campus U.N.A., 2169 CDP, Central XI, San Lorenzo, Paraguay 2 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192, U.S.A. Abstract.—The taxonomy of the masarine genus Ceramiopsis is reviewed, and two described species are separated: gestroi Zavattari and paraguayensis Bertoni, revised status.

The pollen wasp genus Ceramiopsis is restricted to south-central South America and, as far as specimen data show, it seems to be endemic to the Paraguay-Parana´ river basin. It has a close relation with the flora of the wetlands of this basin, one of the largest freshwater drainage systems of the world, and one which is critically threatened by large scale engineering projects, such as the multinational ‘‘Hidrovia,’’ as well as a number of dams already built or planned. Ceramiopsis is readily distinguished from other South American Masarinae by the metasomal segment I forming a nodose petiole, and the widely separated midcoxae. The genus was described by Zavattari (1910), monotypic for the new species gestroi. A second species, paraguayensis, was added by Bertoni (1921). When the genus was revised by Richards (1962: 78–82), he recognized just one species, treating paraguayensis as a questionable synonym of gestroi, despite not seeing specimens of the latter. Indeed, Bertoni’s type material has long been considered lost, but much of it has recently been rediscovered in Paraguay by the senior author (BRGB). In addition, BRGB has collected living specimens of Ceramiopsis. Examination of this new material, and the types of the two described species, leaves no doubt that they are distinct. In this note, we redescribe both species, and provide a key by which they may be distinguished. TAXONOMY

The museum specimens that have been examined by us are deposited in the following institutions: Buenos Aires ⫽ Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires; Davis ⫽ University of California, Davis; Fritz ⫽ Manfredo A. Fritz personal collection, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; Gainesville ⫽ Florida State Arthropod Collection, Gainesville; Genova ⫽ Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ‘‘Giacomo Doria,’’ Genova; Ithaca ⫽ Cornell University, Ithaca; London ⫽ The Natural History Museum, London; New York ⫽ American Museum of Natural History, New York; San Lorenzo ⫽ Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo; Tucuma´n ⫽ Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuma´n. Plant identifications were made by BRGB using the keys given by Horn (1987) and confirmed by the botanist Teresa Florentı´n (San Lorenzo)

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Figs. 1–4. 1, 2, Ceramiopsis gestroi, female. Figs. 3, 4, C. paraguayensis, female. Figs. 1 and 3, mesosoma and first metasomal segment in lateral view; scale bar represents 1 mm. Figs. 2 and 4, outline of female with the glossa extended; scale bar represents 3 mm.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CERAMIOPSIS ZAVATTARI

1. Metasomal Tergum I about as long as broad (female) or longer than broad (male) as seen from above, and evenly convex in profile (Fig. 1). Posteromedial depression of mesoscutum without longitudinal carina. Propodeum with a short upper horizontal surface (Fig. 1) and the concavity well-defined, deep and narrow, medially-raised, and transversely striate. Glossa about as long as half the body length (Fig. 2); ventral processes spoon-shaped, dark basally; some may be bifid. Tergum I finely and sparsely punctate. Mesoscutum with three broad yellow markings; mesopleuron with upper and lower yellow spots; propodeum with a pair of yellow spots; Tergum II and Sternum II brown basally; apical yellow marking of male Tergum II not broader laterally than medially; male antenna with a dorsal subapical white spot . . . . . . . . . . gestroi Zavattari – Metasomal Tergum I broader than long (female) or about as long as broad (male) as seen from above, and angular in profile (Fig. 3). Posteromedial depression of mesoscutum with a median longitudinal carina. Propodeum without a dorsal horizontal surface (Fig. 3) and concavity ill-defined, shallow, wide, flat and without transverse striae. Glossa longer than the length of the entire body (Fig. 4); ventral processes knife-shaped, transparent, simple. Tergum I coarsely and moderately punctate. Mesoscutum with at most very faint indication of a yellow line in the posteromedial depression; mesopleuron with only upper yellow spot; propodeum entirely black; Tergum II and Sternum II black basally; apical yellow marking of male Tergum II broader laterally than medially; male antenna without white spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . paraguayensis Bertoni

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Ceramiopsis gestroi Zavattari Ceramiopsis gestroi Zavattari, 1910, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova 44: 533, figs. A, B, Holotype female—‘‘Urucu´ , Corumba` (Matto Grosso)’’ (Genova) [examined]; 1912, Arch. Naturgesch. 78A (2): 61.—Richards, 1962, Revision. Study Masarid Wasps: 79 (distr.: Argentina, Bolivia; ? syn.: Ceramiopsis paraguayensis Bertoni). Description. Female. Black, with pale yellow as follows: base of mandibles; clypeus except for a central broad cordiform mark; inner orbits broadening upward from upper corner of clypeus to just above the ocular sinus; an oblique pyriform spot above each antennal socket; large spot on gena; inner basal spot on scape; broad anterior band and narrow hind margin on pronotum, broader at hind corner and extending to the spiracular lobe; cuneiform oblique marks on mesoscutum, just aside notauli and a broad central streak occupying the posterior depression; anterior and posterior spots on tegula; basicostal plate; axillae and broad hind margin of scutellum; central area of metanotum; most of mesopleura above episternal sulcus and an oblique broad mark beneath it; propodeum with large rectangular spots on each side; propodeal valves; large anterior spots on mid and hind coxae; dorsal spot on mid and hind trochanters, most of fore and mid femora, ventral side of hind femora and small dorsal area at tip, tibiae mainly except for a dorsal band on the hind pair; transverse lateral bands on posterior slope of metasomal Tergum I; distal half of Sternum I; distal band, broader at sides, on Terga and Sterna II–V (on Sternum II with a central lobe and broad lateral wings extending forward; medial transversal band on Tergum VI and a pair of submesal spots on Sternum VI. Ventral part of flagellomeres I–IX (darkly), and basal part of Tergum and Sternum II reddish brown. Tibiae and most of tegulae pale brown. Wings yellowish, venation brown. Wing length 10 mm. Proportions (in mm, taken from one randomly selected specimen per species and sex): diameter of midocellus ⫽ 0.22, ocell-ocular distance (OOL) ⫽ 0.61, posterior ocell-ocular distance (POL) ⫽ 0.44, interantennal space ⫽ 1.22, length of eye ⫽ 1.61, maximum width of eye ⫽ 1.05, length of clypeus (i.e., maximum height in frontal view) ⫽ 1.00, width of clypeus (i.e., maximum width in frontal view) ⫽ 1.66, width of apex of clypeus ⫽ 1.05, length of mesosoma ⫽ 4.66, height of mesosoma ⫽ 2.66, length of Tergum I (i.e., measured in profile from the insertion of the suspensory ligament to the very end of the segment) ⫽ 1.50, width of Tergum I (i.e., maximum width measured from above) ⫽ 1.33, height of Tergum I ⫽ 1.27. Mesoscutum with posteromedial depression lacking a longitudinal carina. Propodeum with upper lateral swellings defining a short horizontal region and a welldefined, central, deep, narrow, medially-raised furrow. Tergum I evenly convex in profile. Clypeus irregularly striolate except for the central depressed part, with macropunctures increasingly discernible on the upper lateral regions, the apical lobe and the middle depressed part. Frons, vertex, dorsal part of pronotum, mesoscutum and central region of scutellum coarsely and irregularly punctured, somewhat reticulated. Upper plate of mesopleura, temples and sides of pronotum behind anterior carina decreasingly densely covered with coarse punctation. Main part of mesopleuron subshiny, with sparse micropunctures and very sparse macropunctures. Pronotum in

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front of anterior carina, metonotum, metapleura and sides of propodeum mostly unpunctured, just some very sparse and shallow punctures may be seen. Propodeum with lateral upper swellings covered with semisparse macropunctures and with the central furrow transversely striate. Tergum I with very sparse, small macropunctures. Remainder of metasoma dull, with quite indiscernible punctures. Frons, vertex, pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum covered with brownish erect or semierect pilosity, longer on head. Sides of mesosoma and entire metasoma covered with a whitish appressed pile. Sides of mesosoma also covered with some erect, whitish hairs, longer on propodeum. Underside of head, venter of mesosoma, ventral part of coxae to femora, as well as Sternum I covered with more or less erect fulvous pilosity, many of the hairs with spoon shaped tip. Terga III–VI with several fulvous, decumbent, short spiculae and longer suberect hairs on terga V and VI. Sterna I–VI mainly apically with an increasing quantity of erect fulvous hairs. Male. Color similar to female except: clypeus pale except for a central dorsal mark and whole margin. Scape yellow except for a dorso-apical mark. All the flagellum from middle of flagellomere I to base of flagellomere X orange-brown ventrally. A white dorsal spot covers from apex of flagellomere VIII to base of flagellomere X. Fore coxa with an anterior yellow spot, and mid and hind coxae completely yellow ventrally. Whole mid femora yellow and hind femora completely yellow ventrally. Proportions (in mm): diameter of midocellus ⫽ 0.22, OOL ⫽ 0.44, POL ⫽ 0.33, interantennal space ⫽ 0.61, length of eye ⫽ 1.55, maximum width of eye ⫽ 1.11, length of clypeus ⫽ 0.80, width of clypeus ⫽ 1.22, width of apex of clypeus ⫽ 0.77, length of mesosoma ⫽ 3.38, height of mesosoma ⫽ 2.05, length of Tergum I ⫽ 1.55, width of Tergum I ⫽ 1, height of Tergum I ⫽ 1.05. Sculpture and pilosity similar to that of female but: clypeus not striolate but coarsely punctate. hairs on the underside of head, mesosoma, coxae, femora, and Sternum II simple, not spoon shaped. Flowers visited. Pontederia cordata (L.) and Eichornia azurea (Sw.) (Pontederiaceae). Material examined. A total of 37 specimens, 25 female and 12 male, distributed as follows. BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: Buena Vista (Prosen), ii.1950 (1 male, Fritz). BRASIL, Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumba`, Urucu` (F. Silvestri) (1 female, holotype, Genova). PARAGUAY, Guaira´: Villarica (F. Schade), xii.1937 (1 female, New York; 1 male, Ithaca); Paraguari: Pirayu´ (B. Garcete), 7.iii.1997 (2 females, 1 male, San Lorenzo), 29.iii.1997 (7 females, 2 males, San Lorenzo; 3 females, 1 male, New York); San Pedro: Carumbe´ , Malaise trap (R. Golbach), 10.i.–10.ii.1973 (4 females, Tucuma´ n; 1 female, Gainesville). ARGENTINA. Formosa: Gran Guardia (J. Foerster), x.1952 (1 male, Davis), xi.1952 (1 female, 2 males, New York), i.1953 (1 male, Fritz; 1 female, New York; 2 females, 1 male, London), without date (1 female, Salta); Santa Fe´: La Gallareta (A. Willink), 29.i.1957 (1 female, Tucuma´ n); Entre Rı´os: Santa Helena (M. Fritz), xii.1972 (1 male, Fritz). Ceramiopsis paraguayensis Bertoni Ceramiopsis paraguayensis Bertoni, 1921, Rev. Soc. Client. Paraguay 1:11, Lectotype female—‘‘Asuncio´ n, ‘Quinta Caballero’’’ (San Lorenzo), here designated [examined].

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Description. Female. Black, with pale yellow as follows: base of mandibles; subapical and a pair of lateral upper spots on clypeus; narrow inner orbits from upper corner of clypeus to ocular sinus; spot on gena; inner basal spot on scape; narrow and complete hind margin of pronotum; anterior and posterior spots on tegula; basicostal plate; axillae in part; most of scutellum except for a semicircular anterior area; central area of metanotum; small anterior markings on mid and hind coxae; external apical zone of fore and midfemora; anterior basal and external apical markings on foretibia; posterior basal line on mid and hind tibiae; transverse lateral bands on posterior slope of metasomal Tergum I; narrow hind margin of Terga and Sterna II–IV. Most of tegulae and foretarsi pale brown. Wings yellowish-subhyaline, venation brown. Wing length 10 mm. Proportions (in mm): diameter of midocellus ⫽ 0.27, OOL ⫽ 0.85, POL ⫽ 0.50, interantennal space ⫽ 1.16, length of eye ⫽ 1.83, maximum width of eye ⫽ 1.27, length of clypeus ⫽ 1.27, width of clypeus ⫽ 1.94, width of apex of clypeus ⫽ 1.38, length of mesosoma ⫽ 5.11, height of mesosoma ⫽ 3.27, length of Tergum I ⫽ 1.27, width of Tergum I ⫽ 1.88, height of Tergum I ⫽ 1.50. Mesoscutum with posteromedial depression bearing a longitudinal carina. Propodeum without upper lateral swellings, hence without a defined horizontal region, with the posterior face flat, without a defined central furrow. Tergum I angular in profile. Sculpture of clypeus similar to that of gestroi but visibly stronger. Sculpture of frons, vertex, temples, pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, upper plate of mesopleura and metasoma from Segment II similar to that of gestroi. Sculpture of main part of mesopleuron almost the same of that of the upper plate, just a bit sparser. Metapleura and propodeum covered with regular coarse punctation, denser on lower part of metapleura and upper lateral part of propodeum, mesoanterior part of metapleura, as well as lower part of propodeum unpunctured. Propodeum without striae. Tergum I closely macropunctate. Frons and vertex with long, erect or semierect brownish hairs. Increasing number of brownish decumbent to semierect short spiculae and longer hairs on Terga III– VI. Underside of head, mesosoma, coxae to femora ventrally, Tergum I, base of Sternum II and all the sterna covered with fulvous to whitish erect or semierect hairs, shorter on mesoscutum, scutellum, main part of mesopleura, metapleura, and mid and hind coxae to trochanters. Spoon-shaped hairs only on underside of head and part of propleura. Male. Color similar to female except: most of clypeus pale except for a basal transverse band, broader centrally, and whole margin; antennae pale yellow beneath up to flagellomere IV and then replaced by orange yellow to the tip of flagellomere XII; mid and hind coxae wholly pale anteriorly, as well as apical third of forefemur, a band along midfemur (without reaching the base), apical spot with a brief external stub on hindfemur, a broad external band all along foretibia and a sharp band along three basal fourths on mid and hindtibiae; apical pale bands extending to Tergum VI and Sternum VII, band on Tergum II broadest at sides, telephone-tube like; lateral pale lines on Tergum VII and three apical spots on Sternum VIII; foretarsi yellowish brown. Proportions (in mm): diameter of midocellus ⫽ 0.25, OOL ⫽ 0.72, POL ⫽ 0.44, interantennal space ⫽ 0.88, length of eye ⫽ 1.88, maximum width of eye ⫽ 1.33,

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length of clypeus ⫽ 1.11, width of clypeus ⫽ 1.61, width of apex of clypeus ⫽ 1.16, length of mesosoma ⫽ 4.55, height of mesosoma ⫽ 2.72, length of Tergum I ⫽ 1.66, width of Tergum I ⫽ 1.61, height of Tergum I ⫽ 1.44. Sculpture and pilosity similar to that of female but: clypeus not striolate but coarsely punctate, hairs on the underside of head, and propleura simple, not spoon shaped. Metasoma from Segment II with less dense, less abundant and shorter pilosity. Pilosity on mesoscutum longer. Flowers visited. Eichornia azurea (Sw.) and Eichornia crassipes (C. Martius) (Pontederiaceae). Material examined. A total of 55 specimens, 10 female and 45 male, distributed as follows. BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: Santa Rosa de Sara, 400 m (M. Cooper), 9.iv.1990 (1 female, San Lorenzo). PARAGUAY, Alto Paraguay: Puerto Tres Palmas (B. Garcete), II.ix.1997 (1 female, San Lorenzo); Presidente Hayes: Villa Hayes (B. Garcete), 28.iii.1997 (1 female, 14 males San Lorenzo); Rı´o Confuso, Ruta Transchaco (B. Garcete), 30.i.1997 (2 females, 8 males, San Lorenzo), 27.iii.1997 (1 female, 14 males, San Lorenzo; 1 female, 3 males, New York); Central: Mariano Roque Alonso, Puente Remanso (B. Garcete), 10.v.1997 (1 female, 2 males, San Lorenzo); Asuncio´ n, 9.xii.1920 (1 female, lectotype, San Lorenzo); without data, (1 male, paralectotype, San Lorenzo). Paraguarı´: Pirayu´ (B. Garcete), 29.iii.997 (1 female, 2 males, San Lorenzo). ARGENTINA, Formosa: Formosa (P. Crespo), xi.1986 (1 male, Buenos Aires). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our thanks to Blanca de Masulli (Bio., FACEN, UNA), Teresa Florentı´n, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay (San Lorenzo), and the late Abraham Willink, Instituto Miguel Lillo (Tucuma´ n) for access to the literature; to the late Abraham Willink (Tucuma´ n), the late Manfredo Fritz, Salta, Argentina (Fritz), Arturo Roig-Alsina (Buenos Aires) and Valter Raineri, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ‘‘Giacomo Doria’’ (Genova) for the access to data and the specimens under their care. LITERATURE CITED

Bertoni, A. W. 1921. Novedades himenopterolo´ gicas. Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica del Paraguay 1(1):11–12. Horn, C. N. 1987. Flora del Paraguay: Pontederiaceae. Conservatoire et Jardin Bothaniques de la Ville de Gene´ ve-Missouri Botanical Garden, 28 pp. Richards, O. W. 1962. A Revisional Study of the Masarid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). British Museum (Natural History), London, 294 pp. Zavattari, E. 1910. Un nuovo masaride dell’America Meridionale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3) 4(44):531–535. Zavattari, E. 1912. Bemerkung u¨ ber die neotropischen Masariden. Archiv fu¨ r Naturgeschichte 78A(2):58–65.

Received 1 March 2000; accepted 26 July 2000.