PUNARNAV: JULY- AUGUST 2014: VOL: 2 ISSUES: 4
Page No:
INTERPRETATION OF NITYA SEVANEEYA AHARA IN GERIATRIC CARE
TITLE: A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L.
Sandip G Buddhadev
1
, Mrs. Sheetal S. Buddhadev
2
PunarnaV
ISSN: 2348 1846
AN INTERNATIONAL PEER REVIEWED AYURVED JOURNAL
A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L. Sandip G Buddhadev
1
, Mrs. Sheetal S. Buddhadev
2
1
2
Associate professor, Govt. Ayu. College, Junagadh-Gujarat India, Assistant professor Atmiya Institute of Pharmacy, Rajkot-Gujarat India
ABSTRACT:
Cissus quadrangularis L. one of the most important plant, though almost all of its parts are used in traditional systems of medicines seeds, stem, roots and shoots are the most important parts which are used medicinally. The article reveals that wide numbers of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant which possesses activities like anti-inflammatory, anti‑tumor, gastro protective, antioxidant, antimicrobial and various other important medicinal properties. The stem juice of plant is used in menstrual disorders, epistaxis and leaves is used against bowel infections. The current review deals with the enormous amount of updated information of scientific research and reports available in different aspects of this plant involving phytochemical and pharmacology. This review also includes reports on taxonomy, morphology, monographs,distribution, tissue culture and traditional medicinal uses of the plant. Keyword: Cissus quadrangularis L., Folklore uses, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemistry, Traditional uses, Vitis quadrangularis
Plants are the major resources of
INTRODUCTION
medicines. Recently there has been a tremendous increase in the use of plant
Correspondent: Dr. Sandip G Buddhadev Associate professor Dravyaguna, Govt. Ayurved College, Junagadh- Gujarat India.
based
health
products
in
developed
countries resulting in an exponential growth
of
herbal
products
globally.
According to the WHO more than 80% of the world’s population relies on traditional herbal medicine for their primary health care.1 Plants continue to serve as possible sources for new drugs and chemicals
PUNARNAV: JULY- AUGUST 2014: VOL: 2 ISSUES: 4
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A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L.
derived from various parts of plants.2
Found throughout the hotter parts of India
However,
population,
alongside hedges, neighboring countries
urbanization and continuous exploitation
like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Shrilanka and
of these herbal reserves, the natural
Malaysia. It can be cultivated in plains
resources
related
coastal areas, jungles and wastelands up to
traditional knowledge are depleting day by
500m elevation. Plant is propagated using
day.3
cuttings.4
due
along
to
over
with
their
One of the many plants which are being evaluated for their therapeutic
TAXONOMY Kingdom Plantae –Plants
efficacies is Cissus quadrangularis which is commonly known as Edible Stemmed Vine (English). It is an annual or perennial
Sub kingdom Tracheobionta Vascular plants
herb, entire leaves, buff colored with
Super division Spermatophyta -Seed plants
greenish ting and requires warm tropical
Division Magnoliophyta-Flowering plants
climate and propagated by stem cuttings in
Class Magnoliopsida -Dicotyledons
months of June and July. Although it has is
Subclass -Rosidae
particularly used to reduce body weight,
Order - Rhamnales
many
medicinal
properties,
it
anthelmintic, muscular pains, asthma, broken bones, antiulcer, anti hemorrhoidal, antimicrobial etc.,
Family Vitaceae – Grape family Virginia creeper; usually lianas with alternate leaves, often
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
palmately lobed or compound, sometimes
A systematic review was conducted with
pinnate. The leaf is opposed by a tendril
an objective to search and explore the
(modified inflorescence developing from
phytochemical properties, pharmacological
displaced bud) that attaches to support by
activities and traditional uses of the plant
twining or by forming adhesive discs;
Cissus quadrangularis L.
nodes usually swollen. The flowers are 4
COLLECTION OF DATA
or 5-merous, petals forming a cap that falls off when the flower opens; fruit a berry;
For
the
collection
Ayurvedic
journals,
of
data
books
various and
the
seeds 4, with prominent cordlike raphe extending to a chalazas knot.
electronic database has been used. Genus Cissus L. –
TreebineTrees with
ECOLOGY PUNARNAV: JULY- AUGUST 2014: VOL: 2 ISSUES: 4
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A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L.
simple, entire leaves. Stems and branches
fragments
are acutely angled or winged. Flowers are
parenchymatous cells and few rosette
disposed in terminal panicles, small and
crystals of calcium oxalate, starch grains
polygamous. Calyx is short, entire and
and idioblasts containing raphides and
deciduous. Petals are 4-5, imbricate.
isolated acicular crystals
Stamens are as many as the petals, with
oxalate.5
only 1 functional stamen. Ovary is
of
vessels,
fibers,
of calcium
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
unilocular, with a solitary ovule; style is Phytochemical studies on methanol extract
filiform. Fruit is a large succulent drupe.
revealed
the
presence
of
triterpenes
Species -Cissus quadrangularis L.
including α- and β- amyrins, β-sitosterol,
PART USED
ketosteroids, phenols, tannins, carotene
The whole plant including all parts such
and vitamin C.6,7,8Seven alicyclic lipids
as stems, leaves, roots are documented to
constituents have also been reported from
possess
in
Cissus
by
unsymmetric tetracyclic triterpenoids such
ethnobotanists in traditional system of
as d-amyrin, onocer-7-ene-3a, 21b-diol, d-
medicine.
amyrone
medicinal
ethnobotanical
properties
surveys
conducted
quadrangularis.9Several
and
biphenyl, VERNACULAR NAMES
3,3',4,4'-tetra
hydroxy
3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl
have been isolated from plant and were
Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) which is
quantitatively determined by HPTLC and
succulent perennial climber, scattered all
HPLC methods in samples collected from
over India particularly in tropical regions,
five different geographic zones of India.10,
usually
11, 12
called
as
‘Asthisamdhani’
Asthisamhari, Vajravalli, Asthishrinkhala, Asthisamhara,
Kandavalli,
Vajrangi,
Asthisamyojaka in Sanskrit, Kandvel in Marathi, Haddjor in Punjabi, Hadbhanga in Oria, Vedhari in Gujrati, Perandai in Tamil, Nalleru in Telugu and Veldgrap in Indian languages and in English it is called as Edible-stemmed Vine.
Several
other
flavonoids and12,
constituents
quercetin 13
stilbene
quadrangularins
and
such
as
kaempferol, derivatives,
A,B,C14,15,16and
many
others e.g. resveratrol, piceatanon, pallidol, perthenocissi15,17,18and phyto sterols19have been isolated from plant. Stem extract contains a high percentage of calcium ions
POWDER CHARACTERISTICS
and phosphorus, both essential for bone
The color of powder is brown; shows
growth.
PUNARNAV: JULY- AUGUST 2014: VOL: 2 ISSUES: 4
20
Stem having Calcium ions and
Page No: 03
A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L.
21
phosphorus
Calcium
oxalate,
31
activity
methyltritiacontanoic
acid,
taraxeryl
Methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis
acetate,taraxerol
iso-pentadecanoic
exhibits strong antioxidant and free radical
acid
22,23
A
and
and
β-amyrins,
sitosterol,ketosetosterol,
β-
phenols, 24
tannins,vitamin, carotene Saponins and phenol
25
scavenging activity in vitro and in vivo systems mainly due to the presence of βcarotene.33, 34
while aerial parts having 7-Oxo-
Onocer-8-ene-3 β 21 α diol26,27,28 root
Bone healing activity
powder having Potassium, calcium, zinc,
Paste of alcoholic extract of the plant was
sodium,iron,
locally
lead,
andmagnesium29, Sodium,
30
cadmium,
copper
ash of plant having
potassium,
magnesium
and
as
well
as
intramuscularly
facilitates rapid healing of fracture in rats.35Ethanol
albino
extract
(95%)
calcium, potassium tartrate31 leaves having
enhances the development of cortical bone
Resveratrol,
and trabeculae in fetal fumor, which may
piceatanon,
pallidol,parthenocissus, alicyclic lipids32 TRADITIONAL
AND
be related to rich content of calcium,
FOLKLORE
phosphorous and phytoestrogenic steroids and shown to influence early regeneration
USES
and quick mineralization of bone fracture Traditionally, the roots and stems are most useful forhealing of fracture of the bones. The
plant
has
Ayurveda
for
healing process.36Ethanol extract (95%) of whole
plant
possess
antiosteoporotic
beendocumented
in
activity in ovariectomized rat model of
the
of
osteoporosis at two different dose levels of
osteoarthritis,rheumatoid
treatment arthritis
and
500 and 750 mg per kg per weight.37
osteoporosis. The stem juice ofplant is used to treat scurvy, menstrual disorders,
Anti-ulcer activity
otorrhoeaand epistaxis. The herb is fed to
Methanol
extract
showed
cattle to induce flow ofmilk. The stout
antiulcer
activity
in
fleshy
induced ulcer in rat model by decreasing
quadrangular
stem
is
traditionallyused for treatment of gastritis
gastric
constipation,
glycoprotein
eye
diseases,piles
and
anemia. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
secretions
experimentally
by
levels.Methanol
enhancing extract
produce healing effect on aspirin induced gastric mucosal damage in rats through its antioxidative
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging
and
significant
mechanism.38Triterpenoids
and β-sitosterol present in methanol extract
PUNARNAV: JULY- AUGUST 2014: VOL: 2 ISSUES: 4
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A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L.
possess anti-lipid peroxidating effect and
standard protocol has reportedfor in vitro
thus prevent gastric damage.39
multiplication and plantlet regenerationof Cissus quadrangularis from different in
Miscellaneous activity
vitro grownexplants (shoot tip, nodal Proteolytic
activity
against
cysteine
protease andmolluscicidal activity has been reported. 40, 41
explant and in vivo shoot tip) byusing different hormonal concentration (Zeatin, BAP, IAAand IBA).45
TOXICOLOGY
FORMULATION
The Cissus quadrangularis extract does not produce any toxic effect on oral administration (1mg/Kg daily for 10 days) in mice, rats and guinea pigs. However, on intravenous administration, the animals developed convulsions and died in five minutes. The MLD worked out to be 15.5 mg/Kg in guinea pigs.
42
AND
PREPARATIONS The plant is incorporated in various formulations along with different herbs. These
include
LaksadiGuggulu,
Asthisamharadi
Churna,
AsthisamharaTaila,
DasyadiKwatha,
46
DarviKwatha etc.
Toxicological
evaluation of the plant revealed that the
DISCUSSION
drug is safe even at higher dose for a
It is very essential to have proper
prolonged duration of treatment.
documents of medicinal plants and to
Several study showed that the Cissus
know their potential for the enhancement
quadrangularisextract does not produce
of health and hygiene through an eco‑
any toxic effect has beenreported. 43
friendly system. A detailed and methodical study
TISSUE CULTURE
is
required
categorization
and
for
identification,
documentation
of
At first the establishment of callus tissue
plants, which may provide a meaningful
and
on
way for the upgrade of the traditional
in
knowledge of the herbal medicinal plants.
Cissusquadrangularis L. by using different
The present review reveals that the Cissus
concentration ofauxin and cytokinin (BAP,
quadrangularis is used in treating various
IAA,
ailments.
effect
ofgrowth
enhanced
sterol
NAA
and
regulators production
2,
4‑D)
has
44
beenreported. But the first successful and CONCLUSION This is a review paper which
updates the current scenario of Cissus
PUNARNAV: JULY- AUGUST 2014: VOL: 2 ISSUES: 4
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A REVIEW UPDATE ON PLANT CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS L.
quadrangularis L. The main aim of this
Cissus quadrangularis L. The present
paper is to search and explore the
review will possibly help to bridge
phytochemical properties, traditional uses,
between traditional claims and modern
pharmacological
therapy on Cissus quadrangularis L. and
morphology,
activities,
monographs,
taxonomy, distribution,
also pinpoints unexplored potential of it.
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