-able

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suffix meaning: able to be; can be

Acronym

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formed with the capital initial letters from all or some words in the name

understandable

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration UFO Unidentified Flying Object

action verb

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a “doing” verb walking, talk, sing, threw, builds, mashing, create, sleep

Adjective

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a part of speech: words that modify or give more information about a noun or pronoun big � funny � warm � green � tired

Adverb

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a part of speech: words that modify or give more information about a verb, an adjective or adverb happily

anti -

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Prefix meaning: against, opposite, or opposed to antibiotics � antiserum � antifreeze

far safely well not accidentally fast

Antonym

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base word

a word having the opposite meaning A word to which prefixes and suffixes of another word may be added to create related words go<>stop

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bi -

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centi –

prefix meaning: two

prefix meaning: 100

bicycle � bicentennial � biannual

centigrade �centipede

compound word

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a word made from two or more words (can be connected or joined by a hyphen) houseboat � backyard � sandbox � airport � mailbox

Consonant

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the letters of the alphabet that are not vowels bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz

context clues

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Contraction

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A shortened form of a word or group of letters marked

Context clues are the hints provided in text, which lead the reader to determine meanings words, with the missing of words. These clues can be found before, by an apostrophe within, or after the sentence with the I’m = I am unfamiliar word. Learning “signal” words They’re = They are helps to find context clues. We’re = We are Shouldn’t = Should not

de –

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dis –

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prefix meaning: do or make the opposite of; reverse; remove from

prefix meaning: not; do the opposite of; apart or away

decomposition � degrade � debrief

disallow � disagree � discover � disappear

en –

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prefix meaning: bring into or on engage � envelope � encourage � enable � endanger � enhance � endure � enjoin � enlist

ex – prefix meaning: out, away

-er

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1. A suffix that, when added to a verb, changes to a noun, describing the doer of the verb. teacher � butcher 2. A suffix that when added to a word shows comparison bigger � smarter

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- ful Suffix meaning: full of • thankful • useful • careful • respectful

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Greek/Latin Roots

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A Greek or Latin word root is a part of a word. It contains the core meaning of the word, but it cannot stand alone. Many, many, English words and word elements can be traced back to Latin (ancient Rome) and Greek (Greece). Often you can guess the meaning of an unfamiliar word if you are familiar with the Greek or Latin root meaning. lun- Latin root meaning moon English words: lunar, lunatic

Homograph “same-writing”

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words that are spelled the same way, but have different meanings and may be pronounced differently • Let’s go to the fair today! The weather is fair. • I wound the clock so it would tick again. I have a large wound on My arm. • Our seats were very close to the stage. Close the window, please!

Homophone “same-sound”

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words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings; they may or may not be spelled the same way. The words may be spelled the same, such as bear (animal) and bare (empty) or differently, such as there, their, and they’re or to, two and too. Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs (same-writing) and homonyms (same name). • to, two, too • write, right • peak, peek • bear, bea

- ible

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suffix meaning: able to, word becomes an adjective when added terrible � permissible � visible � invisible � flexible � reversible � horrible

- iest, -est

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suffix added to show a superlative comparison implying that something is the best or worst, or greatest or least

il -

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in -

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prefix meaning: not illegal � illogical

• My dog was voted the ugliest! • The slowest car came in last. • My funniest friend went on vacation. The star in the east is the brightest.

im –

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prefix meaning: not

prefix with two meanings: not � on/in

immature � immigrant

not – invisible, insane, infinite on/in – indoors, inject, inhale

infer (verb); inference (noun)

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infer: to make a conclusion based on facts

intra -

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prefix meaning: within Our school has many intramural sporting activities.

inference: a conclusion based on facts Since our cat was wet and covered with leaves, we inferred that she had gotten outside somehow.

inter -

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- less

prefix meaning: between

suffix meaning: without

I drank water during the intermission.

The little boy had a toothless grin.

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mis -

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non -

prefix meaning: badly or wrongly

prefix meaning: not

misplace � mistake � misunderstand

nonfiction � nonsense � non-fat

Noun

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out -

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part of speech:

prefix meaning: more, to a greater degree

a person, place, thing, or idea

• to outrun • to outlive • to outfox • to outdo

the baker, library, a flower, kindness

- phobia

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suffix meaning: intense fear of a certain thing • claustrophobia – fear of confined spaces • ombrophobia – fear of rain

Prefix

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pre -

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prefix meaning: before • pre-existing • preview • precaution • prehistoric • preschool • predict

Preposition

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a part of speech: one of many words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun a syllable or syllables placed at the beginning of another word to change its and another word

meaning prefix + word = new word dis + able = disable re + view = review

The squirrel is on the box. The preposition on shows the physical relationship between the squirrel and the box. By Under On In For With Beside Often Past Around On Of Until Upon By

re -

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root word

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word with no prefix or suffix added; may also be referred to as a base word

prefix meaning: again

I must review the photos and send my favorites to Root Words Granny.

scend = climb, go The plane slowly ascended over the city. scop = see, examine The telescope helped me see the moon

Semantics

Suffix

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the study of meaning; in language, it studies the meanings of words, phrases, sentences and texts

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A word part added to end of a base word to change its form or its meaning baker friendliest

Superlative

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Syllable

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Superlatives are used to compare nouns. Old Older Oldest 1. Adjectives of one syllable, such as low, big, small etc., end with -est: the lowest, the biggest, the smallest, and so on. 2. Adjectives which have three or more syllables, such as intelligent, beautiful, difficult, do not take -est. You must use "most": the most intelligent, the most beautiful, the most difficult. 3. Adjectives with two syllables? If the word ends in 'y' such as happy, dirty etc,then the adjective takes the -est form. "I am the happiest man in the world!" 4. If the adjective with two syllables does not end in 'y', the superlative takes the "most " form. For example, boring, then we say: "That is the most boring book I have ever read!"

Poetic meter in poetry, the meter (or metre) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse

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a single uninterrupted sound found in a word

Synonym

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words meaning the same or nearly the same thing couch � sofa brief � short

Syntax

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the way words are put together in a sentence to make meaning

un –

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prefix meaning: not or to reverse unbeaten � untie � unlock � undo

tri -

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prefix meaning: three triceratops � tricycle

Vowel Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu

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word family

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-y

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a group of words sharing a common suffix meaning: having the quality of the phonic element or sound word it is added to brainy � chilly � jumpy � shiny �uneasy

sink, brink, link shut, shout, ship

Teacher Choice

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Student Choice

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