Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla Guillaume Lemaˆıtre Supervisor: Paul M. Walker Heriot-Watt University, Universitat de Girona and Universit´ e de Bourgogne
June 15th , 2011
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Outline 1
2 3
4
5
Introduction Motivations MRSI of Prostate Related Works Project Goals Methodology Materials and Patients Method Results ”Healthy” Metabolism Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue Conclusion Considerations Future Works
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Anatomy
Figure:
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Prostate anatomy
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Anatomy
Figure:
Prostate anatomy
Remarks Peripheral Zone (PZ) is counting for 70% of the prostate. 70% of cancers occur in PZ. 30 % of prostate cancers originate in Transitional Zone (TZ) and Central Zone (CZ). On MRI images, impossible to distinguish TZ and CZ. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Anatomy
Figure:
Prostate anatomy
Remarks Peripheral Zone (PZ) is counting for 70% of the prostate. 70% of cancers occur in PZ. 30 % of prostate cancers originate in Transitional Zone (TZ) and Central Zone (CZ). On MRI images, impossible to distinguish TZ and CZ. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Anatomy
Figure:
Prostate anatomy
Remarks Peripheral Zone (PZ) is counting for 70% of the prostate. 70% of cancers occur in PZ. 30 % of prostate cancers originate in Transitional Zone (TZ) and Central Zone (CZ). On MRI images, impossible to distinguish TZ and CZ. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Statistics
(a)
Estimated number cancers cases for both sexes and
all ages.
(b)
Estimated number cancers deaths for both sexes
and all ages.
Figure:
Cancer estimations in 2008 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [FSB+ 10]
Overview 2nd most frequently diagnosed men cancer. Accounting for 7.1 % of overall cancers diagnosed. Accounting for 3.4 % of overall cancers death. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Statistics
(a)
Estimated number cancers cases for both sexes and
all ages.
(b)
Estimated number cancers deaths for both sexes
and all ages.
Figure:
Cancer estimations in 2008 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [FSB+ 10]
Overview 2nd most frequently diagnosed men cancer. Accounting for 7.1 % of overall cancers diagnosed. Accounting for 3.4 % of overall cancers death. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
4 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Motivations - Statistics
(a)
Estimated number cancers cases for both sexes and
all ages.
(b)
Estimated number cancers deaths for both sexes
and all ages.
Figure:
Cancer estimations in 2008 by the World Health Organization (WHO) [FSB+ 10]
Overview 2nd most frequently diagnosed men cancer. Accounting for 7.1 % of overall cancers diagnosed. Accounting for 3.4 % of overall cancers death. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Overview
(a)
Grid of MRSI
(b)
Voxel Spectrum
MRSI Examination Non-invasive technique using MRI allowing to study the metabolism of tissue. Each frequency corresponds to a different metabolite due of its number of proton. Peak integral is proportionnal to metabolite concentration. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Overview
(a)
Grid of MRSI
(b)
Voxel Spectrum
MRSI Examination Non-invasive technique using MRI allowing to study the metabolism of tissue. Each frequency corresponds to a different metabolite due of its number of proton. Peak integral is proportionnal to metabolite concentration. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
5 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Overview
(a)
Grid of MRSI
(b)
Voxel Spectrum
MRSI Examination Non-invasive technique using MRI allowing to study the metabolism of tissue. Each frequency corresponds to a different metabolite due of its number of proton. Peak integral is proportionnal to metabolite concentrations Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
5 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Pros & Cons
Pros Non-invasive technique. More sensitive than other MRI techniques. Better resolution than other common techniques (DRE, PSA).
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
6 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Pros & Cons
Pros Non-invasive technique. More sensitive than other MRI techniques. Better resolution than other common techniques (DRE, PSA).
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
6 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Pros & Cons
Pros Non-invasive technique. More sensitive than other MRI techniques. Better resolution than other common techniques (DRE, PSA).
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
6 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Pros & Cons
Pros Non-invasive technique. More sensitive than other MRI techniques. Better resolution than other common techniques (DRE, PSA). Cons Relative recent technique. Lower resolution than other MRI methods.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
6 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Pros & Cons
Pros Non-invasive technique. More sensitive than other MRI techniques. Better resolution than other common techniques (DRE, PSA). Cons Relative recent technique. Lower resolution than other MRI methods.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
6 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Spectra Interpretation
Metabolite Localizations & Interpretations
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Metabolites
Concentration in cancer tissue
Concentration in healthy tissue
Choline (3.21 ppm) Citrate (2.64 ppm) Water (4.65 ppm)
Increasing concentration [KVH+ 96] Decreasing concentration [KVN+ 95] NA
Low concentration [KVH+ 96] High concentration [KVN+ 95] NA
Figure:
Entire resonance spectrum
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction MRSI of Prostate - Spectra Interpretation
Metabolite Localizations & Interpretations Metabolites
Concentration in cancer tissue
Concentration in healthy tissue
Choline (3.21 ppm) Citrate (2.64 ppm) Water (4.65 ppm)
Increasing concentration [KVH+ 96] Decreasing concentration [KVN+ 95] NA
Low concentration [KVH+ 96] High concentration [KVN+ 95] NA
(a) Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Spectrum representative of cancer tissue (b) Spectrum reprensentative of healthy tissue Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Integration → Compute the numeric integral of the peak on a given range.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Integration → Compute the numeric integral of the peak on a given range. Underestimation on squeeze peaks due of truncation of the peak wings.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
9 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Integration → Compute the numeric integral of the peak on a given range. Underestimation on squeeze peaks due of truncation of the peak wings. ⇒ Will be used in methodology.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
9 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Fitting → Fit Gaussian, Lorentzian or Voigt curve (widely use in NMR) to the peak consider and integrate the function fitted.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
10 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Fitting → Fit Gaussian, Lorentzian or Voigt curve (widely use in NMR) to the peak consider and integrate the function fitted. ⇒ Will be used in methodology.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
10 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Fitting using Prior Knowledge → Fit an estimated curve to the entire signal using a data set based on prior observations. LCModel [Pro93]. MRUI [NCC+ 01].
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Data Analysis
Peak Fitting using Prior Knowledge → Fit an estimated curve to the entire signal using a data set based on prior observations. LCModel [Pro93]. MRUI [NCC+ 01]. ⇒ Problem of fitting our data. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Absolute Quantification External reference. Replace-and-match method. Principle of reciprocity. Water reference.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
12 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Absolute Quantification External reference. Replace-and-match method. Principle of reciprocity. Water reference.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
12 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Absolute Quantification External reference. Replace-and-match method. Principle of reciprocity. Water reference.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
12 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Absolute Quantification External reference. Replace-and-match method. Principle of reciprocity. Water reference.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
12 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Absolute Quantification External reference. Replace-and-match method. Principle of reciprocity. Water reference.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
12 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Introduction Related Works - Quantification Strategies
Relative Quantification → Ratios computation of discriminative metabolite concentrations: [Cho] [Cit]
(1)
[Cho] + [Cre] [Cit]
(2)
[ratio] = or [ratio] =
Absolute Quantification External reference. Replace-and-match method. Principle of reciprocity. Water reference. ⇒ Widely used for MRSI of brain [JBNK06]. Only one study for MRSI of prostate [MBG+ 11]. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
12 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Outline 1
2 3
4
5
Introduction Motivations MRSI of Prostate Related Works Project Goals Methodology Materials and Patients Method Results ”Healthy” Metabolism Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue Conclusion Considerations Future Works
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
13 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Project Goals
Objectives Design a customize method to analyse the data. Compute absolute concentrations of choline and citrate using water as reference. Study variations of choline and citrate concentrations
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
14 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Project Goals
Objectives Design a customize method to analyse the data. Compute absolute concentrations of choline and citrate using water as reference. Study variations of choline and citrate concentrations
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
14 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Project Goals
Objectives Design a customize method to analyse the data. Compute absolute concentrations of choline and citrate using water as reference. Study variations of choline and citrate concentrations.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
14 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Outline 1
2 3
4
5
Introduction Motivations MRSI of Prostate Related Works Project Goals Methodology Materials and Patients Method Results ”Healthy” Metabolism Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue Conclusion Considerations Future Works
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
15 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology MRSI Protocol
Water Reference Serie Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 30 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 80 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 140 ms. ⇒ Used to normalize and obtain absolute concentration. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
16 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology MRSI Protocol
Water Reference Serie Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 30 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 80 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 140 ms. ⇒ Used to normalize and obtain absolute concentration. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
16 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology MRSI Protocol
Water Reference Serie Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 30 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 80 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 140 ms. ⇒ Used to normalize and obtain absolute concentration. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
16 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology MRSI Protocol
Water Reference Serie Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 30 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 80 ms. Unsuppressed water acquisition at TE = 140 ms. ⇒ Used to normalize and obtain absolute concentration. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
16 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology MRSI Protocol
Metabolites Signal Water and lipid suppresed sequence at TE = 140 ms and TR = 720 ms. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies. Patients with Cancers 8 patients. Mean age of 70.9 (range 57.8-82.3). Mean PSA 15.8 ng .mL−1 (range 0.4-74.0 ng .mL−1 ). Biopsy proven cancer. Gleason score between 6 and 7.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies. Patients with Cancers 8 patients. Mean age of 70.9 (range 57.8-82.3). Mean PSA 15.8 ng .mL−1 (range 0.4-74.0 ng .mL−1 ). Biopsy proven cancer. Gleason score between 6 and 7.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies. Patients with Cancers 8 patients. Mean age of 70.9 (range 57.8-82.3). Mean PSA 15.8 ng .mL−1 (range 0.4-74.0 ng .mL−1 ). Biopsy proven cancer. Gleason score between 6 and 7.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies. Patients with Cancers 8 patients. Mean age of 70.9 (range 57.8-82.3). Mean PSA 15.8 ng .mL−1 (range 0.4-74.0 ng .mL−1 ). Biopsy proven cancer. Gleason score between 6 and 7.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Study Population
”Healthy” Patients 8 patients. Mean age of 61.8 (range 57.8-71.1). Mean PSA 8.0 ng .mL−1 (range 2.7-15.0 ng .mL−1 ). Negative biopsies. Patients with Cancers 8 patients. Mean age of 70.9 (range 57.8-82.3). Mean PSA 15.8 ng .mL−1 (range 0.4-74.0 ng .mL−1 ). Biopsy proven cancer. Gleason score between 6 and 7.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
18 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Baseline Detection
Xi et al. [XR08] ⇒ Maximizing the following cost function: X X X 2 2 F (b) = bi − A (bi+1 + bi−1 − 2bi ) − B (bi − γi ) g (bi − γi ) i
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
i
(3)
i
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Baseline Detection
Xi et al. [XR08] ⇒ Maximizing the following cost function: X X X 2 2 F (b) = bi − A (bi+1 + bi−1 − 2bi ) − B (bi − γi ) g (bi − γi ) i
i
(3)
i
Smoothness Penalty → The baseline have to be smooth without to be flat. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
19 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Baseline Detection
Xi et al. [XR08] ⇒ Maximizing the following cost function: X X X 2 2 F (b) = bi − A (bi+1 + bi−1 − 2bi ) − B (bi − γi ) g (bi − γi ) i
i
(3)
i
Negative Penalty → The baseline have to lie on the middle of the data on noisy portions. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
19 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Baseline Detection
Xi et al. [XR08] ⇒ Maximizing the following cost function: X X X 2 2 F (b) = bi − A (bi+1 + bi−1 − 2bi ) − B (bi − γi ) g (bi − γi ) i
i
(3)
i
Parameters - Theory A=
5 × 10−9 n4 σ
(4)
1.25 σ
(5)
B=
Standard deviation σ of the noise is estimate using LOWESS regression. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
19 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Water Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.96-5.94 ppm. Compute rough approximation → Wavelet decomposition. Detect valleys using Lavielle’s algorithm [Lav99]. Find real local minima. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (6)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
20 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Water Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.96-5.94 ppm. Compute rough approximation → Wavelet decomposition. Detect valleys using Lavielle’s algorithm [Lav99]. Find real local minima. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (6)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
20 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Water Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.96-5.94 ppm. Compute rough approximation → Wavelet decomposition. Detect valleys using Lavielle’s algorithm [Lav99]. Find real local minima. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (6)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
20 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Water Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.96-5.94 ppm. Compute rough approximation → Wavelet decomposition. Detect valleys using Lavielle’s algorithm [Lav99]. Find real local minima. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (6)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
20 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Water Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.96-5.94 ppm. Compute rough approximation → Wavelet decomposition. Detect valleys using Lavielle’s algorithm [Lav99]. Find real local minima. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (6)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
20 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Water Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.96-5.94 ppm. Compute rough approximation → Wavelet decomposition. Detect valleys using Lavielle’s algorithm [Lav99]. Find real local minima. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (6)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
20 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Prostate Segmentation
Segmentation K-means to segment using K = 2 on water concentrations found at TE = 30 ms. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
21 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Choline Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.17-3.29 ppm. Detect maxima then iteratively find the valleys. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Fit a Gaussian G (x) and a Lorentzian L(x). Compute the convolution between G (x) and L(x) to obtain the Voigt function V (x). Computation of numeric integral of V (x) using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (7)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
22 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Choline Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.17-3.29 ppm. Detect maximum then iteratively find the valleys. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Fit a Gaussian G (x) and a Lorentzian L(x). Compute the convolution between G (x) and L(x) to obtain the Voigt function V (x). Computation of numeric integral of V (x) using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (7)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
22 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Choline Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.17-3.29 ppm. Detect maximum then iteratively find the valleys. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Fit a Gaussian G (x) and a Lorentzian L(x). Compute the convolution between G (x) and L(x) to obtain the Voigt function V (x). Computation of numeric integral of V (x) using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (7)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
22 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Choline Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.17-3.29 ppm. Detect maximum then iteratively find the valleys. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Fit a Gaussian G (x) and a Lorentzian L(x). Compute the convolution between G (x) and L(x) to obtain the Voigt function V (x). Computation of numeric integral of V (x) using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (7)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
22 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Choline Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.17-3.29 ppm. Detect maximum then iteratively find the valleys. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Fit a Gaussian G (x) and a Lorentzian L(x). Compute the convolution between G (x) and L(x) to obtain the Voigt function V (x). Computation of numeric integral of V (x) using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (7)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
22 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Choline Quantification
Crop the signal between range 3.17-3.29 ppm. Detect maximum then iteratively find the valleys. Detection and substration of baseline [XR08]. Fit a Gaussian G (x) and a Lorentzian L(x). Compute the convolution between G (x) and L(x) to obtain the Voigt function V (x). Computation of numeric integral of V (x) using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (7)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
22 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Citrate Quantification
Smooth signal using cubic spline. Find minimum between 2.75-2.95 ppm and 2.40-2.50 ppm. Compute the baseline of absolute signal. Iteratively, find the limits the nearest of the baseline. Substract the baseline. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (8)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
23 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Citrate Quantification
Smooth signal using cubic spline. Find minima between 2.75-2.95 ppm and 2.40-2.50 ppm. Compute the baseline of absolute signal. Iteratively, find the limits the nearest of the baseline. Substract the baseline. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (8)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
23 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Citrate Quantification
Smooth signal using cubic spline. Find minima between 2.75-2.95 ppm and 2.40-2.50 ppm. Compute the baseline of absolute signal. Iteratively, find the limits the nearest of the baseline. Substract the baseline. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (8)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
23 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Citrate Quantification
Smooth signal using cubic spline. Find minima between 2.75-2.95 ppm and 2.40-2.50 ppm. Compute the baseline of absolute signal. Iteratively, find the limits the nearest of the baseline. Substract the baseline. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (8)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
23 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Citrate Quantification
Smooth signal using cubic spline. Find minima between 2.75-2.95 ppm and 2.40-2.50 ppm. Compute the baseline of absolute signal. Iteratively, find the limits the nearest of the baseline. Substract the baseline. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (8)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
23 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology Method - Citrate Quantification
Smooth signal using cubic spline. Find minima between 2.75-2.95 ppm and 2.40-2.50 ppm. Compute the baseline of absolute signal. Iteratively, find the limits the nearest of the baseline. Substract the baseline. Computation of numeric integral using Simpson’s rule. Z a f (x) dx = b
b−a 6
f (a) + 4f
a+b 2
+ f (b) (8)
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
23 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Absolute Concentrations → Fully relaxed signal is proportionnal to the number of moles of the molecules in the voxel. 2 × [H2 O] × S0met [met] = (9) nHmet × S0H2 O
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
24 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Absolute Concentrations → Fully relaxed signal is proportionnal to the number of moles of the molecules in the voxel. 2 × [H2 O] × S0met (9) [met] = nHmet × S0H2 O Unknown Parameters Fully relaxed water signal: S0H2 O . Fully relaxed metabolite signal: S0met .
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
24 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Water Signal: S0H2 O S0H2 O =
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
∗ S0H exp(− TE T2 ) 2O
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
(10)
25 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification Water Signal: S0H2 O S0H2 O =
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
∗ S0H exp(− TE T2 ) 2O
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
(10)
25 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification Water Signal: S0H2 O S0H2 O =
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
∗ S0H exp(− TE T2 ) 2O
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
(10)
25 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Water Signal: S0H2 O S0H2 O =
∗ S0H exp(− TE T2 ) 2O
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
(10)
Denominator TR = 720 ms. T1 = 1600 ms.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
25 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Metabolite Signal: S0met S0met =
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
∗ S0met exp(− TE T2 )
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
(11)
26 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Metabolite Signal: S0met S0met =
∗ S0met exp(− TE T2 )
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
(11)
Numerator ∗ S0met : Choline or citrate concentration. TE = 140 ms. T2 = 180 ms for citrate and 220 ms for choline.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
26 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Methodology - Absolute Quantification
Metabolite Signal: S0met S0met =
∗ S0met exp(− TE T2 )
1 − exp(− TR T1 )
(11)
Denominator TR = 720 ms. T1 = 600 ms for citrate and 1500 ms for choline.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
26 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Outline 1
2 3
4
5
Introduction Motivations MRSI of Prostate Related Works Project Goals Methodology Materials and Patients Method Results ”Healthy” Metabolism Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue Conclusion Considerations Future Works
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
27 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in healthy patients
Zone Apex
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.70 ± 0.40
Citrate 33.41 ± 10.10
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in healthy patients
Zone Apex Median Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.70 ± 0.40 2.28 ± 0.56
Citrate 33.41 ± 10.10 45.67 ± 14.05
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in healthy patients
Zone Apex Median Base Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.70 ± 0.40 2.28 ± 0.56 2.60 ± 0.60
Citrate 33.41 ± 10.10 45.67 ± 14.05 54.28 ± 12.94
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in biopsy proven cancer
Zone Apex
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.66 ± 0.32
Citrate 23.67 ± 10.73
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in biopsy proven cancer
Zone Apex Median Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.66 ± 0.32 1.80 ± 0.48
Citrate 23.67 ± 10.73 35.01 ± 11.52
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in biopsy proven cancer
Zone Apex Median Base Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.66 ± 0.32 1.80 ± 0.48 2.02 ± 0.82
Citrate 23.67 ± 10.73 35.01 ± 11.52 39.20 ± 20.82
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
(a)
Citrate concentration
(b)
Choline concentration
Summarize Increasing concentration of citrate.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Peripheral Zone
(a)
Citrate concentration
(b)
Choline concentration
Summarize Increasing concentration of citrate. Increasing concentration of choline. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
28 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in healthy patients
Zone Apex
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.71 ± 0.34
Citrate 21.34 ± 6.42
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in healthy patients
Zone Apex Median Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.71 ± 0.34 1.87 ± 0.44
Citrate 21.34 ± 6.42 23.87 ± 9.38
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in healthy patients
Zone Apex Median Base Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.71 ± 0.34 1.87 ± 0.44 2.00 ± 0.45
Citrate 21.34 ± 6.42 23.87 ± 9.38 26.42 ± 9.52
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in biopsy proven cancer
Zone Apex
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.30 ± 0.29
Citrate 19.70 ± 7.44
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in biopsy proven cancer
Zone Apex Median Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.30 ± 0.29 1.45 ± 0.19
Citrate 19.70 ± 7.44 16.77 ± 3.82
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
”Healthy” Tissue in biopsy proven cancer
Zone Apex Median Base Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 1.30 ± 0.29 1.45 ± 0.19 1.50 ± 0.41
Citrate 19.70 ± 7.44 16.77 ± 3.82 16.16 ± 4.52
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
(a)
Citrate concentration
(b)
Choline concentration
Summarize Constant concentration of citrate. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Position Behaviour - Central Zone
(a)
Citrate concentration
(b)
Choline concentration
Summarize Constant concentration of citrate. Constant concentration of choline. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
29 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Zonal Behaviour
Zone Peripheral Zone
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 2.25 ± 0.64
Citrate 45.34 ± 14.83
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
30 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Zonal Behaviour
Zone Peripheral Zone Central Gland
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Choline 2.25 ± 0.64 1.87 ± 0.42
Citrate 45.34 ± 14.83 24.00 ± 8.76
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
30 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Zonal Behaviour
(a)
Citrate concentration
(b)
Choline concentration
Summarize Higher concentration of citrate in PZ than CG.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
30 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results ”Healthy” Metabolism - Zonal Behaviour
(a)
Citrate concentration
(b)
Choline concentration
Summarize Higher concentration of citrate in PZ than CG. Higher concentration of choline in PZ than CG.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
30 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Zone Peripheral Zone
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
No Cancer 45.34 ± 14.83
Cancer 32.97 ± 15.45
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Zone Peripheral Zone Central Gland
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
No Cancer 45.34 ± 14.83 24.00 ± 8.76
Cancer 32.97 ± 15.45 17.43 ± 5.31
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Zone Peripheral Zone Central Gland Cancer Zone
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
No Cancer 45.34 ± 14.83 24.00 ± 8.76 NA
Cancer 32.97 ± 15.45 17.43 ± 5.31 14.24 ± 5.28
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Summarize High decrease of citrate concentration in cancer zone compare to peripheral zone.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Summarize High decrease of citrate concentration in cancer zone compare to peripheral zone. No distinction between cancer zone and central gland.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Healthy Patient
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Citrate Concentration
Patient with Cancer
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
31 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Choline Concentration
Zone Peripheral Zone
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
No Cancer 2.25 ± 0.64
Cancer 1.82 ± 0.57
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
32 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Choline Concentration
Zone Peripheral Zone Central Gland
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
No Cancer 2.25 ± 0.64 1.87 ± 0.42
Cancer 1.82 ± 0.57 1.42 ± 0.30
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
32 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Choline Concentration
Zone Peripheral Zone Central Gland Cancer Zone
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
No Cancer 2.25 ± 0.64 1.87 ± 0.42 NA
Cancer 1.82 ± 0.57 1.42 ± 0.30 1.47 ± 0.40
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
32 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Results Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue - Choline Concentration
Summarize No significant variations of choline concentrations between healthy and cancer tissues. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
32 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Outline 1
2 3
4
5
Introduction Motivations MRSI of Prostate Related Works Project Goals Methodology Materials and Patients Method Results ”Healthy” Metabolism Cancer vs. Healthy Tissue Conclusion Considerations Future Works
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
33 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Considerations
Considerations Build a method adapted to the given data.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
34 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Considerations
Considerations Build a method adapted to the given data. Compute absolute concentration of citrate and choline:
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
34 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Considerations
Considerations Build a method adapted to the given data. Compute absolute concentration of citrate and choline: → Increasing citrate concentration between healthy and cancer tissue as in the literature.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
34 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Considerations
Considerations Build a method adapted to the given data. Compute absolute concentration of citrate and choline: → Increasing citrate concentration between healthy and cancer tissue as in the literature. → No significant variations of choline concentration between healthy and cancer.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
34 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Considerations
Considerations Build a method adapted to the given data. Compute absolute concentration of citrate and choline: → Increasing citrate concentration between healthy and cancer tissue as in the literature. → No significant variations of choline concentration between healthy and cancer.
Absolute concentration of citrate has been shown to be a discriminative to diagnose prostate cancer in PZ.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
34 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Future Works
Future works Acquisition of phantom (groundtruth) to evaluate the method.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
35 / 49
Introduction
Project Goals
Methodology
Results
Conclusion
Conclusion Future Works
Future works Acquisition of phantom (groundtruth) to evaluate the method. Combination of features from functionnal MRI (Perfusion, Diffusion, MRSI, T2 weighted) to implement a framework to detect automatically prostate cancer.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
35 / 49
Bibliography
Bibliography I AmericanCancerSociety. Cancer facts and figures 2010, 2010. CancerQuest. http://www.cancerquest.org/, May, 2011. P. R. Carroll, F. V. Coakley, and J. Kurhanewicz. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of prostate cancer. Rev Urol, 8 Suppl 1:S4–S10, 2006. F. V. Coakley and H. Hricak. Radiologic anatomy of the prostate gland: a clinical approach. Radiol. Clin. North Am., 38:15–30, Jan 2000.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Bibliography
Bibliography II
Y. J. Choi, J. K. Kim, N. Kim, K. W. Kim, E. K. Choi, and K. S. Cho. Functional MR imaging of prostate cancer. Radiographics, 27:63–75, 2007. J. Ferlay, H.R. Shin, F. Bray, D. Forman, C. Mathers, and D.M. Parkin. Globocan 2008, cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Iarc cancerbase no. 10 [internet]., 2010. Geckomedia. Natom anatomy, 2011.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Bibliography
Bibliography III C. Gasparovic, T. Song, D. Devier, H. J. Bockholt, A. Caprihan, P. G. Mullins, S. Posse, R. E. Jung, and L. A. Morrison. Use of tissue water as a concentration reference for proton spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med, 55:1219–1226, Jun 2006. J. M. Garcia-Segura, M. Sanchez-Chapado, C. Ibarburen, J. Viano, J. C. Angulo, J. Gonzalez, and J. M. Rodriguez-Vallejo. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of diseased prostate: spectroscopic features of malignant versus benign pathology. Magn Reson Imaging, 17:755–765, Jun 1999. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Bibliography
Bibliography IV H. Hricak, G. C. Dooms, J. E. McNeal, A. S. Mark, M. Marotti, A. Avallone, M. Pelzer, E. C. Proctor, and E. A. Tanagho. MR imaging of the prostate gland: normal anatomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 148:51–58, Jan 1987. J. F. Jansen, W. H. Backes, K. Nicolay, and M. E. Kooi. 1H MR spectroscopy of the brain: absolute quantification of metabolites. Radiology, 240:318–332, Aug 2006. M. Kanowski, J. Kaufmann, J. Braun, J. Bernarding, and C. Tempelmann. Quantitation of simulated short echo time 1H human brain spectra by LCModel and AMARES. Magn Reson Med, 51:904–912, May 2004. Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Bibliography
Bibliography V
B. M. Kelm, B. H. Menze, C. M. Zechmann, K. T. Baudendistel, and F. A. Hamprecht. Automated estimation of tumor probability in prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging: pattern recognition vs quantification. Magn Reson Med, 57:150–159, Jan 2007. J. Kurhanewicz, D. B. Vigneron, H. Hricak, P. Narayan, P. Carroll, and S. J. Nelson. Three-dimensional H-1 MR spectroscopic imaging of the in situ human prostate with high (0.24-0.7-cm3) spatial resolution. Radiology, 198:795–805, Mar 1996.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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Bibliography
Bibliography VI
J. Kurhanewicz, D. B. Vigneron, S. J. Nelson, H. Hricak, J. M. MacDonald, B. Konety, and P. Narayan. Citrate as an in vivo marker to discriminate prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal prostate peripheral zone: detection via localized proton spectroscopy. Urology, 45:459–466, Mar 1995. M. Lavielle. Detection of multiple changes in a sequence of dependent variables. Stochastic Processes and their Applications, 83(1):79–102, September 1999.
Guillaume Lemaˆıtre
Absolute Quantification in 1 H MRSI of the Prostate at 3 Tesla
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