G`k®sI Kwm-FIG~Uy (ehA yayeTog)

PaK1

rkßasT i ®Ïi Kby ' a" g

vacaG`keVHBumı edaysar®Bwti†karNE_ xµrkMBugq¬gcUlmkdl'dMNak'kar y"agsMxan'´n®bvti†saÂs†Cati

KWbJ˙aerobcMkarkat'eTasExµr

®khm sarBt·man «GgrbUrI» mankiti†yselIkyk‰ksard* Gsçar¥mYyrbs'G~k®sIKIm-FIGflUy ehAyayeTog Edlman cMNgeCIgfa – «GgkarCanrNa?» mkcuHpßaysarCafIµm†g eTot (elIkTI3) . ‰ksarenHF¬ab'VnTTYlnUvkarekatsresIr BIsMNak' mit†G~kGannigCnrYmCatiy"age®cInrYcmkehIy . vtƒ¨bMNg rbs'eyIg KWsMrab'CYyCaCMnYysµartI dl'mit†G~kGannigCn rYmCati edIm∫ICakare®kInrMlwkGMBIXatkmµd*mhaeXareXAmYy Edl®kSgsavtaCatieyIgVnkt'®taTukCanicçrhUteTA . eyIgsUmCMrabmit†G~kGannigbgbÌËnrYmCatifa bnÊab'BIcg ®kg‰ksarenH G~k®sIKIm-FIGflUy ehAyayeTog

EdlsB√

´f©kMBugs~ak'enA‰®beTsVrSg VnCYb®bTHnwgkarlMVkk~¨g CIvPaBrs'enA®bcS´f©y"agx¬Sg edayG~k®sI®tUvp¬as'b†ËrGs&ydΩanCajwkjab' edIm∫IecosvagkartamB¥aVTBIsMNak' P~ak'yYnkumµ¨ynis† . esovePA‰ksarTSg3k∫alrbs'G~k®sI eTotesat k*Vn®tUveKhamlk'TUTSg®beTskmı¨CapgEdr . enHehIyqakCIvitd*e®Kat®Kat´nExµrG~kCatiniym . «GgrbUrI» sem¬gExµrenAbreTs

Garm∏kfa ehtuGI√VnCaxM∆¨cg®kgkMrg‰ksar®bvti†saÂs† « GgkarCanrNa ? » xM∆¨yl'eXIjfa – ‹ edIm∫IkarJrmatuPUmikmı¨Ca ! ‹ edIm∫Iksagsni†PaBmatuPUmikmı¨Ca ! eyIg®tUv®bmUl®bCaBlrdΩExµr[rYbrYmsamKIK~aBit@ esµaH®tg'cMeJH K~aBit@ [VnsiÌtlµÁtCaF¬¨gmYy . edIm∫IsamKIK~ay"agenHVn luH®taEteyIgecHBn¥l'[®bCaBlrdΩExµr yl'[Vnc∫as' faetIsasnN _ aCas®tUvcMeJHCatiExµr ? CaBiess®bCa BlrdΩExµr®tUvEtsal' ®tUvEtdwg faetIGgkarCanrNa ? CacSVc' ®tUvyl'[c∫as'CagenHeTAeTot GMBIlk≈N:´´nsÂgamBit@ k~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca e®JHsÂgamenHebIeyIg®keLkemIlEtmYyEP¬teTA eyIg eXIjfaCasÂgamrvagExµrnigExµr . b"uEn†ebIeyIgsikßaGMBIneyaVyvatTI Q¬anJnrbs'yYnhaNUy eyIgnwgyl'Vny"aggayfa sÂgamenHCa sÂgamrvagyYnhaNUynwgExµr Edlmancineb"kSgsfl˜u®KlMuCamYypg . kll∫icelbTwkdIkmı¨CaenH yYnhaNUynigcineb"kSgVnerobcMKMera gkarCadMNak'@KW – TI1- elbykkmı¨Catamry:k km¬SgeyaFaQ¬anJn TI2- bg˚b'P~ak'garyYn « CaBiessbUdUyF¬ak'vin&ymineKarBlk≈&N Ed l®tUvenA®sukExµrrhUt » k~¨gCYrrbbP~MeBj edIm∫IgaykMeTckm¬SgCatiniym Exµr . TI3- lYcbg˚b'niKmyYnk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca edaylYcbn¬MeFI√CaExµr edIm∫I Q¬anJntamry:s sn¬wkeq~at . TI4- vakMBugbegI˚tExµrfIµ nSykmkCMnYsExµreyIg . TI5- vamanbegI˚t®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg dak'eQµaHCaGaf·kMVMgKW « bEgÌk bdivt†n_ » . TI6- cMENk‰cineb"kSgvij vae®bIkll∫icCabÂJças'CabeN†ay nrNak*dwgEdrfa cineb"kSgkMBugEtåbtƒm∏es†csIhnu « KWvae®bIsÂgam®tCa k' » EtvaEbrCap†l'GavuF[Exµr®khm « KWvae®bIsÂgamek†A » . mUlehtuenH eTIbxM∆¨xM®sav®CavGs'ry:C Cag13q~S xM∆¨rkVn‰ksarCaPs†¨ tag manlk≈N:d d*®twm®tUvBit®VkdenHminx√HeLIy . xM∆¨B¥ayamsresrk~¨g ry:eBlCag®VMbIq~SeTIbcb' xM∆¨k*sMercdak'cMNgeCIg « GgkarCanrNa? »

k®mg‰ksar®bvti†saÂs†enHCaerOgBit . dUec~HxM∆¨sUmGMJvnavdl'bgbÌËnExµr rYmQam sUmGan‰ksarenH . bgbÌËnExµrrYmQammuxEtnwgsal'fa sasn_ NaCaecarcUlmkb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†®beTskmı¨Ca . CaBiess bgbÌËnnwg®Cab GMBIlk≈N :´´nsÂgamBit@ EdlekIteLIgenAk~¨g®beTskmı¨CaCaTIes~ha rbs'eyIg . V"rIs,_ ´f©TI1 tula

1993

G~k®sI KIm-FIGflUy

KMnMu®sI†Exµr ´fr© HekA† Ehg

ggt i ma~ k‰ ' g

kNa† lvalFM

sb M ke®kAesc I

Qamkg ¨ ~ E®skyM

kNa† lvalFM

yk M g ¨~ esc I e®kA . my Y nk w dlb ' †I

EdlecarG®by I _

xageCg I cabe' TA

my Y nk w dlk ' n U

massn Á© eqameqAÌ

xagt∫g Ë lc Y eTA

yrU ExqS~ ehy I . {!EsnsegK √

bk †I n U EkvEPk ~

sma¬ jx ' e¨∆M Gy I

et®I JtC ' b Y vj i

…mn i Cb Y eLy I

Exrµ Tk u ≤ ≈ tes∫I y

Tk u e≈ Gy I Tk u g ≈ . M Efr© HekA† Ehg

ggt i ma~ k‰ ' g

kNa† lvalFM

sb M ke®kAesc I

ebHdg U Tj Y yM

Exrµ ebomKn M uM

yk M g ¨~ esc I e®kA .⁄

GgkarCanrNa ?

1

esckI†epI†m KYr[cEm¬kNas' ! ®beTsExµrkMBugEtVnsuxekßmkßan†˘˘˘ ®sab'Etman®Bwti†karNd _ *mha c´®gmYypʨHeLIg . enA´f©17emsa1975, ®beTsExµrk¬ayeTACalanmrN:P P¬am . ExµrmYy®kumk¬ayeTAXatkrelIsasnx _ ¬Ány"ag´®B´pß . b"uEn† embJÇakarKW « GgkarGnamik » minEmnsem†cn˘ sIhnu …elakexov-sM pneT˘˘˘ KYr[cEm¬kNas' ! . KUbdib&k≈c∫SgK~ak~¨gkML¨geBl5q~S1Ex ®tUv caj'TSgGs'K~a . emIlcuH˘˘˘ elakln'-nl'sMucaj' sµ&®Kcit†edIrcakecal ®suk, sem†csIhnuEbrCaCab'XMuXSgeTAvij, rI‰exov-sMpn˘˘˘ KµanæeQµaH . sMnYr

– etInrNaCaG~kQ~H ?

cemI¬y – KW®kumsm©at'CaG~kQ~H˘˘˘ rYcvalYcbn¬Me®bIeQµaH « Ggkar » . CadMbUgGgkarcat'karsm¬ab'CabnÊan' nUvbJÔv&n†, ®BHsgÙ rYcehIyvaelIk bn†¨becarsin . kaleNaHGgkar®Kb'®Kg®beTsExµre®bIrbbecar KWeyIg eXIjecark†ab'GMNacy"ageBjelj b"uEn†vae®bIyIehaExµr®khm . Exµr®k hmFunenHedIrb¬n'Vj'sm¬ab'ExµredayesrI . vaEkT®mg'Jk¥b¬n'CaJk¥ esI~ . b"uEn†Jk¥esI~enHsahavyg'X~gCagJk¥b¬n'eTAeTot . e®JHrdΩFmµ nuJÔrbs'Ggkar karJrecaredIresI~˘˘˘ ebImças'®TB¥min®Bm[ecar KWmin®Bm [ecarExµr®khmFunenaH vasm¬ab'ecaledayesrI rYcecaTfak∫t'Ggkar . Ggkaredj®bCaBlrdΩExµrk~¨gmYynKr [cakecjBITIlMenA ®tUvecal®TB¥ sm∫ti†y"age®cIn≤tKNna . Ggkar´q~rdΩFanIP~MeBjnigTI®kugTSgLay [ k¬ayeTACaTI®kugexµac . eBlenaHGgkarEbrCabJçËlcinbJçËlyYnmkkan' ®beTsExµr, ®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†rbs'Exµr, b¬n'dwknSecjedayesrI, ess sl'bni†cbn†ÁcGgkarbJÇa[bMp¬ajecal . GgkareFI√TaruNkmµdl'raÂs† Exµr®Kb'Ebby"ag KWeFI√dUcem†ck*eday[Etdl's¬ab' rYcvacat'®kumXatkr Gaf·kMVMg [ecjmksm¬ab'ExµrCadMNak'@ . emIlcuH˘˘˘ bgbÌËnExµreyIgEdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' kMBugGUsng&l rnas' halek†AhaleP¬øg esIÊrqÁtveg√g Qb'ecHniyay Qb'ecHesIc, Qb'ecHyM˘˘˘ ®sab'EtæGgkarbJÇa[dkGavuF BI®kumExµr®khmGtitecar Gs'rlIg . ehIy®sab'EtenA´f©TI20 tula 1978

em"ag®bEhl®VMbIyb'

GgkarCanrNa ?

2

man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg cUlmkvaysm¬ab'®kumExµr®khmGtitecarenaH s¬ab'Gs'rlIg . ®sab'Etæfa –

man®kumGaf·kMVMgecjmkB&TÏVj'Exµr®k-

hmnin~akarExµr eXIjEtexµacedks¬ab'JseBj´®B . ®sab'Etæfa – Gg karbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnkmµaPiVlCan'xıs'Exµr®khm Edlmannin~akarExµr dUcCa elak Exk-Eb"n ehAmit†sflUnig®bBnÏ, elak da-hYn ehAmit†va"j, elak hflUnwmnig®bBnÏ, elakeBj-FYk ehAv"n-ev"tnig®bBnÏ, Ekv-mas, kuy-FYn Ca edIm˘˘˘ nSeTAbJçËlKukTYlEs¬g eFI√TaruNkmµCae®cInEx rYcsm¬ab'ecalenATI enaHGs'eTA . luHsm¬ab'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµrCitGs' G~kenAsl'rs'bni†cbn†Ác k*rt' rV"t'rV"yGs' . eBlenaHGgkarcat'EtgtSgGtitExµrevotmij®kumTI2 [ sm¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµrteTAeTot . vae®bIyIehaExµr®khmdEdl ®bkastSg ®kumx¬ÁnCatMNagGgkardEdl KW « ®kumExµr®khmnIrtI » . enAcugExF~Ëq~S1978 ®sab'EtæfaGgkarbJÇËn « eyaFa®sLaj'sem† c“ » cMnYnbYnmWunnak' [cUlcMGnÊak'Exße®tomrbs'bUdUy . bUdUyVj'sm¬ab'ecalexÊcGs' .l. nig .l. dUec~HcugExF~Ëq~S1978 ®beTskmı¨CacMhF¬¨g˘˘˘ exµaceyaFaminekorkb' minTan'e®scVc'pg˘˘˘ enA´f©TI25 F~Ë 1978 Ca´f©buN¥NUEGl˘˘˘ yYnhaNUybJÇa[bUdUyedIrecjBI´®B

cUlmklukluyratt∫atJseBjTI®kug

Exµr . ParkicçCadMbUg vaebIkbrLanedIr®bmUlExµr®khm Edlmannin~akaryYn EdlCaGtitExµrevotmij®kumTI1 nSykmkbMJk'buN¥s&ki†[eLIgvij . ®kumTI1bMJk'GavuF[eLIgvij . edIm∫IbEg√gdan, yYnhaNUyVnbJÇa [p¬as'eQµaHbkß eQµaHkgkm¬SgexÊcxIÊGs'˘˘˘. manåTahrNd _ UcteTA – ‹ bkß®bCaCnbdivt†n_ « GtitExµrevotmij» EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg g"ukmij begI˚tBI´f©28 mifuna 1951 rYccat'EtgtSg[eFI√Ca®bFank~¨grbb ehg-sMrin˘˘˘ yYnhaNUybJÇa[E®beQµaHCa « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca » rYcvacat'tSgehg-sMrin CaGKelxaFikarKNkmµaFikarmCŒwmbkß . elakehg-sMrinenH kalBIq~S1970dl'1978 Cavresniy‰kdwknSkg BlFMelx6enAPUmiPaKbUJ· . k~¨geBlGfluntak'cUlerobcM®sukExµr bkß®bCa Cnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca E®beQµaHCa « KNbkß®bCaCnkmı¨Ca » rYccat'tSgmit†Ca swum Ca®bFan .

GgkarCanrNa ?

3

‹ kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuF‰kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca « GtitExµrevotmij®kumTI2 » EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg-g"ukmijbegI˚tBI´f©TI19 åsPa 1951 rYccat'tS gGacar¥sux ehAmit†TU-samut CaembJÇakarenaH˘˘˘ bcç¨b∫n~E®beQµaHCa kg km¬Sg®bdab'GavuF®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca ( k~¨grbbGgkar kgkm¬SgenHe®bI yIehaExµr®khmnirtI ), rYcyYnhaNUyEk´q~[k¬ayeTACaecar « k~¨grbb Ggkar˘˘˘®kumenHedIresI~ - k~¨grbbyYnhaNUyratt∫atlukluy®beTs kmı¨Ca˘˘˘®kumenHedIrb¬n' » . ecarb¬n'k~¨grbbyYnhaNUylukluy®beTskmı¨Ca sahavx¬SgNas' KWsahavCagsahaveTAeTot edayvacab'cgraÂs†Exµr rYcGarkbni†cm†g@ rkmaseB®C˘˘˘ eTaHman[k*s¬ab' eTaHKµan[k*s¬ab'˘˘˘ KWs¬ab'y"agEsnevT naCaTIbMput . « x¬ÁnxM∆¨pÊal'EdlcakecjecalmatuPUmikmı¨Ca KWbN†almkBI ®kumecar CakUnecAyYnhaNUycUlmkb¬n'vayeFI√Vb cMnYnbYnelIkmkehI y .l. » . emIlcuHbgbÌËnExµreyIgeGIy!˘˘˘ GgkarkI† yYnhaNUykI† vacUlmkluk luyratt∫at®beTskmı¨Ca . vaelIkbn†¨bEt®kumExµrCaGtitExµrevotmij rYc bJÇa[®tYt®ta®beTsExµrtamrebobecar . KYr[cEm¬kNas'@!˘˘˘ emIlcuH! e bI ® bCa Blr dΩ r bs' ® be Tsna na k~ ¨ gBi PBe la k® tU v r ge ® Ka H s¬ a b' ˘ ˘ ˘ ® TB¥ sm∫ti†rbs'eK®tUvvinashinehacEtk~¨geBlmansÂgamb"ueNˆaH˘˘˘ pʨyeTA vijenA®beTskmı¨Ca ®bCaBlrdΩExµr®tUvrt'ecal®suk ®tUvrge®KaHs¬ab'Ca e®cInlannak' CaBiessG~kecHdwg . cMENk‰®TB¥sm∫ti† eXIjEtecarcUlmkb¬n'dwknSecj˘˘˘ enAess sl'bni†bn†Ác vavaybMp¬ajecalexÊc˘˘˘ minEmnk~¨geBlkMBugeFI√sÂgameT KWenAk~¨geBlEdlGgkarnigyYnhaNUyTTYlC&yCMnHmhaelatep¬aHeTA vij . xM∆¨CaExµrd*s¬Ët®tg', xM∆¨Camças'TwkdIkmı¨Ca, xM∆¨®tUvTTYlTaruNkmµpÊal'x¬Án n i g V n e X I j p Ê a l ' E P ~ k n U v ® K b ' @ å b k r Nd _ *c´®gåb®TBminTMngTSgenaH ebomCab'Canicçkb'y"age®CA k~¨gebHdUg´nkarQWcukcab'esakse®ggBIkar ®Jt'®Vs'®KYsar, BIkars†ay®TB¥sm∫ti†, BIkars†aymatuPUmiCaTIes~ha˘˘˘ dUec~HxM∆¨q©l'Esnq©l', xM∆¨cg'dwg, xM∆¨cg'sal'faetIGgkarCanrNa ? edaysarmUlehtuenHehIy eTIbxM∆¨xM®sav®Cav, xM∆¨rkeXIjPs†¨tagCa åTahrNm _ inx√HeLIy

®BmTSgman‰ksarx¬H@ ebIkbg˙aj[eXIjnUvmux

GgkarCanrNa ?

4

mat'rbs'Ggkar . ‹‹ emIlcuH! k~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar, cinbJÇËn®ksYgsm©at' G~kCMnajkar eyaFa G~kbecçkeTs G~k‰keTscMnYn8,341nak' cUlmkkan'®sukExµr edI m∫I[CYyeFI√karGgkar . åTahrNG _ gkarsm¬ab'evCÇbNiÎtCatiExµr, sm¬ab' ®bFaneragc®kCatiExµr ˘˘˘EbrCabeJçjcinmkCMnYsTSgGs' . m"¥agmYyvij eTot cinnSes~øtrbs'em"A-esTug EdlefI√TaruNkmµ®bCaBlrdΩcinCMnan' bdivt†nv_ b∫Fm· (1966-68) ykmk[GgkarGnuvt†eFI√TarNkmµelIExµr . ci nVnbJÇËnLankam"∆¨ gBN·´btgcas'Cae®cIne®KOg cUlmkkan'®beTs Exµr rYc®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†Exµrdak'LanenaH dwknSykeTAbJçËlkV"l'FM@ rbs'va EdlQb'sMcte®tob®taenAkMBg'EpkMBg'esam . KYr[cEm¬kNas' eTAeTot bgbÌËnExµrKYrEtdwg !

kaleNaH elIkElgEtkV"l'ehaHrbs' cin

kV"l'ehaHrbs'yYnhaNUy

GacmkcuHctQb'e®tob®ta

enAcMNt

GakasyandΩaneJFicintug y"ageTotTat'minEdldac' . kV"l'cinTI1dwk m˙ËbcMNImkp†l'[buKlikrbs'va˘˘˘ kV"l'ehaHTI2 eq¬øteBlenaHdwk®TB¥ sm∫ti†ExµreTAkan'®beTsrbs'va . kV"l'ehaHTI3 ´f©esAr´_ f©GaTit¥ vadwk nSbuKlikrbs'va EdlkMBugCYyeFI√kar[GgkarenAk~¨g®sukExµrenaH edIrel glMEhkayeTA®beTsenH…®beTsenaHy"agsb∫ay . cMENk‰®kumExµrGay"gyYn dUcCab"ul-Bt, ehg-sMrin, hflun-Esn, Ca-sIumCaedIm vaKitEtBIsm¬ab'˘˘˘ vaKitEtBIkMeTcbgbÌËnCatiExµrrbs'x¬Án [ rt'ecal®suk TukTwkdI[ecAh√ayrbs'va .l. ®keLkemIlelakexov-sMpn, elaksWn-esnvij Camnusßecal emßøtKµansmtƒPaBGI√TSgGs'˘˘˘. emIlcuH! sUm∫IEtGgkarbJÇa[cab'x¬Án kmµaPiVlCan'xıs'Exµr®khmbkßrbs'elak, cab'KNrdΩmÂnI†, shkarIrb s'elakswgTSgGs'b®JçkKukTYlEs¬g˘˘˘ GgkarbJÇa[eFI√TaruNkmµy"ag F©n' rYceTIbsm¬ab'ecal˘˘˘ elakTSgBIrnak'dUcCaesaHGegIyKµanyl' Kµan dwgGI√TSgGs' .l. nig .l. ❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

5

CMBUkTI1 ‹ ehtudUcem†cVnCaVrSgcUlåbtƒm∏karJrExµr ? ‹ yYnvatTIyknKrcam ! ‹ yYnvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam ! ‹ ®by&t~kMBb'EtGug !

ehtd u c U emc † VnCaVrSgcl U åbtm ƒ k ∏ arJrExrµ ? karEdleyIgelIkykerOgBIGtitkald*QWcukcab'CUrct'x¬H@ mkBN·narlwk®tYs@ KWedIm∫IbMP¬Wkarvivt†n´_ n®bvti†saÂs†®beTskmı¨CaeyIg edIm∫I ®Kan'CaBn¬Wdl'stism∫CJÔ:bgbÌËnExµrrYmQam®Kb'@rUb edIm∫IrMlwkbg˙aj nUvemeronx¬H@Edl®bvti†saÂs†VnF¬ab'sal' ®BmTSgmankarBiesaFnC _ a e®cInelIkrYcmkehIy . åTahrNE_ dlmanlk≈N:®®twm®tUvenaH minx√H eLIy . yYnhaNUyCaXatkrsm¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµr, Cas®tUvsYrBUC´n®bCaCn Exµr minEmnEtbcç¨b∫n~enHeT KWtSgBI300q~Sem"¬H . yYnhaNUymanedImkM eNItenAtugkwg k~¨gstvtßTI10 . TI®kugFMKWhaNUy . VrSgehACatiyYn CMnan'enaHfa – tugKIn&r ( Tonkinois ) . rbrrksIurbs'yYntugkwg KWedIrQ¬an Jn®beTsCitxag˘˘˘ eFI√ecarb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†rbs'eKmkciJçwmCIvit nigvatTI B®gIkTwkdIrbs'x¬Án˘˘˘. emIlcuH! k~¨gstvtßTI14 yYnQ¬anJncUlmktSgTIlMenAk~¨gext†xa geCIg´nnKrcMV" KWk~¨gext†k√anbij, k√ag®TI nigTUer"n sB√´f©ehAdaNag . BIstvtßTI15dl'TI17 yYntugkwgcUlratt∫aty"ag´®B´pßk~¨g®beTscam sm¬ab'bMVt'BUCcam dUec~HnKrcMV"TSgmUl ®tUvyYnvatTIelbykTSgGs' BIeCIgrhUtdl't∫Ëg . nKrcMV"k*®tUvrlayVt'eQµaHBIEpnTIBiPBelak k~¨gq~S1696 .

GgkarCanrNa ?

6

yYntugkwgE®beQµaHnKrcMV"enHCa «GNˆam» EdlmanraCFanIeQµaH «eh√» . yYntugkwgvatTIcUllukluynKrcMV" minTan'VnerobcMTIlMenAVn®sY lbYlpg˘˘˘vacab'epI†mrulsMrukvatTIcUlmkTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCabn†@ BIe®JH vadwgfa CadITMnab®bkbedayCIrCati®Kb'Ebby"ag sm∫ËrNe_ dayFnFan ksikmµ ®sUv ®tI nigbEn¬®Kb'mux CatMbn'kMBg'Epsmu®T˘˘˘. enAcugstvtßTI17 ®bCaCnExµrkmı¨Cae®kammanEtbYnmWun®KYsareT KW ®bEhlCa2Esnnak'b"ueNˆaH rs'enAelI´pÊdITMhM67,700KILËEm"®t®kLa . enAq~S1651 es†cExµreQ¬aHK~aBIerOgdeNI†mbl¬g˚raC¥ . es†cExµrd*qÁt m≈agenaH k*rt'eTAsMuCMnYyBIes†cyYneQµaH eg√øg-vUg . es†cyYnenHk*eq¬øt {kasvaykMeTces†cExµr Q¬anJnrMelaPcUlmktSgTIlMenA k~¨gGaNaext†Eb"kxagekIt´nTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam k~¨gext†®BHsYK·a nigext†®BHcg√a . k~¨gq~S1696 GaNaext†´®BnKr®tUvF¬ak'eTAk~¨gkN†ab'´dyYneTot . luHmkdl'edImstvtßTI18 yYntugkwgvatTImkdl'Ten¬emKg rYcrulsMruk ykext†Jm nigext†®kmYns . k~¨gq~S1731 varulsMrukykext†em-s nig ext†L¨geha . k~¨gq~S1757 vavatTIykext†pßarEdk nigext†mat'®CUk . dUec~HGaNaext†k~¨gkmı¨Cae®kamTSgmUl ®tUvrebHm†gmYy@F¬ak'eTAk~¨gkN†a b'´dyYnCabn†bnÊab'luH®taEtCitGs'k~¨gq~S1765˘˘˘. enAsl'ext†®BH®tJM g, ext†®TSg nigext†e®CayTwkexµA . Cit100q~Se®kaymk ext†TSgbIenHk* F¬ak'k~¨gkN†ab'´dyYndac'e®scenAq~S1840 . k~¨gry:s sÂgamyYnratt∫atlukluyvatTIkmı¨Cae®kamenH yYneFI√TarukmµExµrkmı¨Cae®kamsahavCagsahav dUcCakalBIq~S1815dl'1820 yYn ekNÎExµrkmı¨Cae®kam®bmUlnSykeTAbg≈M[eFI√kary"agF©n' TSg´f©TSgyb' TSgek†ATSgeP¬øg [CIkE®BkmYymanbeN†ay53K˘m˘ TTwg30Em"®t CMerA 2˘60Em"®t cab'BIext†mat'®CUkecjeTAkan'mat'smu®TxageCIgTI®kugJm edI m∫IeFI√Cax&NήBMsImaEbgEckrvagkmı¨CakN†alnigkmı¨Cae®kam . E®BkCIkenaHeQµaH « E®Bkvijet » . eBlkMBugCIkE®BkenaH ebIman ExµrNaeFI√karElgekIt yYncab'ExµrGP&B√TSgenaH m†g3nak'[CIkreN†Ax¬Án ‰g rYccuHGg¨yk~¨greN†Akb'x¬Ánbnßl'Etk∫al eFI√CamumeCIg®kansMrab'dS Et[Gug . ePI¬genHek†Ax¬SgNas' bN†al[Exµrrge®KaHxMerIbMrHerk∫aleFI√ [kMBb'Et . dUec~HeTIbmanJk¥mYyX¬aCaGnusßavrIyd _ *CUrct' rhUtTl'sB√

GgkarCanrNa ?

7

´f©enHfa – « cUrkMueP¬c˘˘˘ ®by&t~kMBubEtGug ! » . cugq~S1820 eBlCIkE®BkvijetrYc yYnk*dak'ex~aHeCIgExµrCaG~kCIkE®B kTSgGs'siƒtenAkN†alE®Bk EdlmanCMerA2˘60Em"®t rYcvaTm¬ayTMnb' Twksmu®T[hUrcUlE®BkvijetenaH . GnicçabgbÌËnExµreyIgEdlCab'cMN g®tUvlg'Twks¬ab'TSgGs' .l. nig .l. yYnvatTIyknKrcMV"kI† yk kmı¨Cae®kamkI† ˘˘˘vavateTAdl'ext†Na TIkEn¬gNa vak*E®beQµaHCayYnP¬am Edr . ehtuEdlbN†al[yYnvatTIelbkmı¨Cae®kamVnedaygayy"agenH mkBI – TI1- raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kammankareF√s®bEhs BIe®JHExµrs¬Ët®tg' Tn' P¬n' suPaB mancit†sb∫¨rs manemt†aFm· eFI√buN¥dak'Tan˘˘˘ maneBlx¬H eXIjyYn®krehmrham edIrsMuTanKµanTIlMenA ExµrEtgEtdak'Tan CYyTMnu kbMrugåbtƒm∏[sg'xÊmenAEk∫r@x¬Án . pʨyeTAvijsasny _ YnenH Casasn_ Gkt†JÔË, kMNac, efakTab, ®kLic®kL¨c, LËLa CaecarlYctSgBICI s¬wk´®K emÊsCaedIm˘˘˘ j¨Sg[ExµrFuj®Tan'k*nS®KYsarfycakecjeVHbg'ecal kEn¬genaH eTAkan'TIkEn¬gepßgvij e®JHTwkdIenATUlMTUlay . TI2- kMhusd*F©n'CageK KWes†cekItvivaTc∫SgK~adeNI†mraCbl¬g˚ . es† c‰eNHrt'eTABwgyYn es†c‰eNaHrt'eTABwgesom . kaleNaH®beTs kmı¨CaeyIgmanlk≈N:dUcCaEdk®Tnab'tUcmYy etIGac®T®Tg'Tb'Tl'nwg jjÁrFM@dl'eTA2Edr…eT ? BIe®JHm≈agCayYn ! m≈ageTotCaesom ! . BIe®JHEtmUlehtuenHehIy VnCak~¨grCÇkales†cGgdYg BIq~S1845 dl'1859 eBl®BHGgeLIgesayraC¥ ®Tg'eQ√gyl'fa dl'eBlputBI ®BHGgeTA ®beTskmı¨CamuxCa®tUvrge®KaHedaysaryYnnigesom BuHdIExµr EckK~aminxan . kaleNaH edaysarsem†cmIs ( Miche ) CaemKN:´nsasnakatU lik CaG~kCYyx~HEx~gnigåbtƒm∏˘˘˘ ®BHVTGgdYgk*sMercesI~sMuedaysm©at' [®beTsVrSgCYyTMnukbMrugkarJr . k~¨gExviciœka1853 ®BHGgVnbJÇËnG~kmanbN†as&ki†xagsasnakatUlik2nak'KW elakkuy-dWm"ugetr"U nigelakEb"n eFI√dMeNIreTACYbkugsflulV rSg®bcS®kugswg˙bUrI sMuCYybJÇËnsarlixitrbs'®BHGg CaPasaVrSgsresredaysem†cmIs eTAf√ayes†cNab"UeLGugTI3´n®beTsVrSg .

GgkarCanrNa ?

8

Gs'ry:eeBlBIrq~S KWrhUtdl'q~S1855 eTIb®BHecANab"UeLGugTI3cat' elak dWm"ugTIjI EdlCardΩmÂnI†TTYlebskkmµenA®beTsesomnig®beTs cin [erobcat'EcgeFI√sniÏsJÔasmı&nÏPaBnigJNiCÇkmµCamYy®BHGgdYg . ®BHVTnerat†m EdlCa®BHraCbu®trbs'®BHGgdYg yagecjmkBIVgkk rYceLIgesayraC¥bn†k~¨gq~S1859 . ´f©TI11sIha1863 k*mankarcuHhtƒelxa®Bme®BogK~arvagVrSgnig Exµr « GnuJÔat[VrSgcUlmkCYykarJråbtƒm∏TMnukbMrug » . bnÊab'BIeBl enaHmk˘˘˘ reboberobcM®sukeTstamEbbsm&yTMenIb Vn®tUv®BHVTnerat†m TTYlykmkGnuvt†TSg®sug . dUec~H cab'tSgBIVrSgcUlmkCYykarJråbtƒm∏TMnukbMrug BIq~S1863 dl'q~S1953 k~¨gry:eeBl90q~S nSmk[®bCaBlrdΩExµrnig®beTskmı¨CanUv sN†ab'F~ab' reboberobry sMbUrsb∫ay rugerOg nigsni†PaB « KWdUcCa Âh√SgTiB√mYy Tb'yYnnigesom pÌakratt∫atlukluy®beTsExµr » . karrYmrs'CamYyK~a rvagVrSgnigExµr k~¨gry:eeBl90q~SenH minmanåb∫ti†ehtuGI√ekIteLIgCaFMdMueT . k~¨g®bvti†saÂs† eKGackk'®taCab'Canicçfa Camit†d*lÌeTAvijeTAmk .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

9

CMBUkTI2 ‹ yYncab'epI†mrukran®beTsCitxag ! ‹ hU-CImijbegI˚tbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin ! ‹ yYnbegI˚tBYkevotmij nigbegI˚tExµrevotmij ! ‹ sni~siThßWENvbJçb'sÂgam≤NÎËcin ! ‹ yYncg'BuH®beTsExµrCaBIrcMENk ! ‹ yYnhaNUybegI˚tevotkug !

yYncab'epI†mvayluk®beTsCitxag VrSg®Kb'®Kg≤NÎËcin dUcCaÂh√SgTiB√Tb'yYn min[edIrQ¬anJn®beT sCitxagGs'ry:eeBl65q~S . ®sab'EtenAq~S1925˘˘˘ manyYnm~ak'eQµaH eg√øg-GayKYk E®beQµaHCa hU-CImij cab'epI†mbegI˚t «bdivt†ne_ votNam» . luHdl'q~S1929, hU-CImi jk*´q~®bDit[eTACa « bkßkumµ¨ynis†evotNam » . hU-CImijduHKMnitelaPln' cg'vaTTIykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam, kmı¨CakN†a l niglav . KWedaysarmUlehtuenHehIy eTIbvabegI˚t « bkßkumµ¨ynis† ≤NÎËcin » enA´f©TI3 kum∏: q~S1930 . edIm∫IsMralbnʨkrbs'va va®tUvEtj¨Hjg'[ExµrEbkVk'K~a rYcehIyxIç´d Exµrc∫SgCamYyExµr . dUec~H k~¨gq~S1935˘˘˘ hU-CImijsMuCYbelaksWg-g"ukfaj' . vaniyay Tn'P¬n'bbYlelak, sMuelakrYbrYmeFI√karCamYyyYn edIm∫IbegI˚tclnatsflUrMedaH≤NÎËcinBInwmVrSg . elaksWg-g"ukfaj'CaExµre®kam, elaksal'c∫a s'nUvkll∫ic®kLic®kL¨ck*®kx√k'rbs'yYn

EdlEtgEtmanCabÂJças'Ca

GgkarCanrNa ?

10

beN†ay˘˘˘˘. eBlenaHelakeqI¬yy"agxI¬fa erOgyYn®tUvyYnedaH®sayeda yx¬Án‰gcuH˘˘˘ cMENkerOgExµr®tUvTuk[ExµredaH®sayedayx¬Án‰g˘˘˘. enA´f©TI9 mina q~S1945, Cb"uncUllukluyåbTI√b≤NÎËcinmYyry: . hU-CImijeq¬øtyk{kasd*lÌenH ®bkasevotNam‰kraC¥enAExkJÔa q~S19 45˘˘˘ rYcbegI˚t « rNsirßevotNam‰kraC¥smı&nÏPaB » ehAkat'fa « evotmi j» . hU-CImijcab'epI†mbeJçjskmµPaBCalMdab'lMeday eKalbMNgTI1 manerobcMe®KagkarNT _ ukCae®sc . ebIeBlNaVrSg®tUvcaj' ®tUvfyec jBI≤NÎËcin yYn®tUvEtvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[VnP¬amCaelIkTI2˘˘˘. dUec~Hcab'BIq~S1945, yYnhaNUyj¨Hjg'xIç´dyYnxagt∫Ëg [elats m¬ab'kMcayraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam CaBiessBYkG~kecHdwg j¨Sg[x¬ac k*nS®KY sarrt'ecal®sukecalTwkdITuk[va . vae®bIsÂgamek†A . hU-CImij´llk QanmYyCMhanm†g@

kMeTcExµrmYyEp~km†g@

tamKMeragkarNr_ bs'va

Edlman®JgTukmkCae®sc . emIlcuH ! enA®beTskmı¨CakN†al yYncat'kare®bIsÂgam®tCak'˘˘˘ dUec~Hk~¨gExkJÔaq~S1945dEdl hU-CImijEbrCabJÇËn «bUdUy» cUlmkkan' ®beTskmı¨Ca edayykelsfa yYnsµ&®Kcit†cUlmkCYyExµredjVrSg . bUdUycab'tSgmUldΩanenAext†nanadUcCa mNÊlKIrI, rtnKIrI, ekaHkug, esom rab, Vt'dMbg nigtMbn'nirtITis . kaleNaHbUdUysiƒtenAk~¨g´®Be®CA vacab'epI†mTak'Tg®kumecar´®B, Tak'TgraÂs†Exµr®k@enAtamCnbT nigTI®bCMu Cn´®BP~Mq©aydac'®syal . vaniyayTn'P¬n'EpÌmEl˙m . vaxMeXasnakuhkfa bUdUysµ&®Kcit†cUlmks¬ab'CamYyExµr edIm∫IvayedjVrSg . va´leFI√kar®sb@CamYy®kumExµr≤sßr: EdlkMBug®bqSgtTl'cMeJH VrSg edIm∫ITamTar‰kraC¥CUn®beTskmı¨Ca . eq¬øteBlenaHvabJÇËncarkicçrbs'va®Kb'FuncUlkan'®beTskmı¨Ca . ®ku mcarkicçenaHxMeronsU®t [sal'®Kb'®Cuge®CayPUmiyuTÏsaÂs† . sal'c∫a s'EpnTI´®B®Bwkßak~¨g®beTsExµr . Ep~kcit†saÂs† vaxMeronsU®t[sal'crit cit†KMnit nigcMNucexßayrbs'®bCaBlrdΩExµr cab'tSgBIG~k®suk´®BP~M G~k E®scMkarCnbT emTahan namWunExµr rhUtdl'namWunk~¨gvSg .l. vaxMdk ®sg'karBiesaFnn _ ana . vatSgx¬ÁnlÌNas' sUm∫IEtCIs¬wk´®K emÊsrbs' Exµr k*vaminb"HJl'eLIy .

GgkarCanrNa ?

11

enAeBlenaHhU-CImijeq¬q¬arkemdwknSExµr ®sab'Etvadwgfa enA´f©TI16/ 10/45 VrSgcab'x¬ÁnelaksWg-g"ukfaj' nSykeTAdak'KukenAEx®tB&reT¥r (Poitier)) ®sukVrSg . hU-CImijk*sMrSge®CIserIsVnyYnm~ak'eQµaH eg√øg va"n'emon ehAGacar¥emon EdlbYsCaelaksgÙExµr VneronsU®trebob rbb TMenomTMlab'Exµry"age®CA®CH GaclYcbn¬MeFI√CaExµr . dUec~HhU-CImij sMercdak'eQµaHyYnenaHfa « sWg-g"ukmij » rYcpßayPrbEnƒmfa CabÌËn®bu sbegI˚trbs'elaksWg-g"ukfaj' . enAExemsaq~S1950 hU-CImijcat'bJÇËn[Gacar¥emon E®beQµaHCasW g-g"ukmij . vacat'EtgtSgCae®scCa®bFanrdΩaPiVlExµrtsflU TTYlbnʨk CanaykrdΩmÂnI† » [cUlkan'®beTsExµr cab'´drYbrYmCamYyGacar¥sux E®b eQµaHCa TU-samut ( EdlhU-CImijcat'EtgtSgCa®bFanrN:sirßCati‰k PaBrYcehIy ) . dUec~HsWg-g"ukmijnigTU-samutcab'epI†mGnuvt†eX¬agX¬a « bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg» . vacab'epI†mj¨Hjg'Bn¥l'®kumecar´®B, raÂs†Exµr Edl®kl©g'enAtamCnbT, ®bCaCn´®BP~Mdac'®syal tamcMNucexßayna na CaBiessvaEvkEjknUverOgvNˆ: j¨Sg[gakerecjBI®kumExµr≤sßr:,, [ gakerQb'eKarBrdΩaPiVlrbs'x¬Án . CMruj[ExµrEbkVk'K~a rYcbg˚begI˚tCa sÂgameFI√[Exµrc∫SgK~a . m"¥agvijeTot ExµrFunenaHyl'®cLMy"agF©n'fa swg-g"ukmijCabÌËnbegI˚trbs'elaksWg-g"ukfaj'˘˘˘ ®besIrNas'@ ! . luHhU-CImijTTYlesckI†raykarNB _ IsWg-g"ukmijdwgfa raÂs†Exµrf~a k'TabF¬ak'cUlk~¨gGnÊak'rbs'vaehIy hU-CImijk*cab'ebIkGg®bCMubkßkumµ¨y nis†≤NÎËcinCaelIkTI2 cab'tSgBI´f©TI11/2/51 dl'´f©TI19/2/51 . TIbJç b'k*bMEbkbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinCabkßsaxabIKW – yYn, Exµr, lavdac'@BIK~a . - xagyYn, Gg®bCMusMercdak'eQµaHP¬amKW « bkßBlkrevotNam » Ed lk¬aymkCa «bkßkumµ¨ynis†evotNam» k~¨gbcç¨b∫n~enH . ‹ cMENkxagExµr vabegI˚t – k)- kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰ _ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca Edlcab'bdisniÏ eLIgkalBI´f©TI19/6/51 EdlhU-CImijcat'tSgTU-samutCaembJÇakar . q~S1963 TU-samut®tUveKsm¬ab'˘˘˘ hU-CImijcat'tSgsaL¨t-sr …b"ul-Bt y"agsm©at'bMput [eLIgeFI√CaemT&BCMnYs . cab'BIq~S1970dl'1975 kgT&BenHE®beQµaHfa « kgkm¬Sg®bdab'Gavu Fes~haCatikmı¨Ca »

EdlmanGnu®bFanembJÇakarCan'xıs'

KW®bBnÏrbs'

GgkarCanrNa ?

12

b"ul-BteQµaH exov-b"uNˆarI . k~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar kgkm¬SgenHbn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khm « ®kumnirtI » . k~¨grbbExµrGay"gyYn˘˘˘ ®kumehgsMrin-hflu nEsnE®beQµaHCa «kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca» . x)- « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr » cab'bdisnIÏeLIgenA´f©TI28/6/51 Ed khU-CImijcat'tSgsWg-g"ukmijCa®bFan . k~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar BIq~S1976dl'q~S1978 Ggkarcat'EtgtSgsmaCi krbs'bkßenH [eFI√Ca®bFanshkrN,_ CaKN:t tMbn', CatMNagraÂs† . kaleNaHExµrsal'®twmEtKN:t tMbn'b"ueNˆaH . luHmkdl'rbbExµrGay"g yYn˘˘˘ bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr E®beQµaHCa « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca ». yYhaNUycat'tSgehg-sMrin CaGKelxaKNkmµaFikarmCŒwmbkß . cMENk‰mit†@dUcCa hflun-Esn, Ca-swum, Ca-suTÏ CaedIm˘˘˘ yYnhaNUycat' EtgtSgCasmaCikkariyal&yneyaVymCŒwmbkß . bcç¨b∫n~enH « bkß ®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca » E®beQµaHfa « bkß®bCaCnkmı¨Ca » EdlmanCaswumCa®bFan . enHCa®bvti†ExµrGay"gyYn EdlExµreyIgEtgEtehAfa « Exµrevotmij » tSgBIExmifuna1951enaHmk . enA´f©TI22/3/55 eTIbbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nl _ avekIteLIg . eTaHbIbegI˚t bkßsaxabIdac'edayELkBIK~ay"agenHk*eday k*enAEtman®bPBrYmEtmYy KWbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcindEdl . mann&yfa – bkßExµr lav ®tUvEteKarBeFI√ tambJÇarbs'hU-CImijdEdl . dMNak'karCadMbUgrbs'bkßsaxaTSgbIKW ®tUvEtkMeTcski†PUmi nigc®kBti† . k~¨gExminaq~S1952 hU-CImijdwgfaelak sWg-g"ukfaj'vil®tLb'mkBI®beTsVrSgvijehIy rYcelakrt'cUl´®Bca b'´drYbrYmCamYy®kumExµr≤sßr: edIm∫IkMeTcedjVrSgteTAeTot . hU-CImijeq¬q¬acat'EcgbJÇËntMNagbYnnak' KWExµr2nak' yYn2nak' eTA kan'PUmiGUrsµac' sMuCYbelaksWg-g"ukfaj' . elaksWg-g"ukfaj'GnuJÔat[EtExµr2nak'cUlCYbCamYyelak . eBl enaHExµrtMNagrbs'hU-CImij esI~rsMutamsMeNIrbs'hU-CImijdUcteTA – x1- sMubJÇËnbUdUybEnƒmcUlkan'®sukExµr edIm∫ICYyc∫SgedjVrSg[ ecjBI®sukExµr . x2- sMu[ExµrCYyp†l'es∫øgGahar dl'bUdUyenA®sukyYn . x3- sMusiTiÏ[bUdUyedIr®tYt®tacuHeLIgtambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYneda

GgkarCanrNa ?

13

yesrI . eBlenaHelaksWg-g"ukfaj'bdiesFsMeNIenH ®BmTSgeq¬øt{kas enaH xMBn¥l'ExµrevotmijTSg2nak' [yl'nUvKMeragkarNd _ *®kx√k'rbs'yYn haNUy EdlvaecHe®bIkll∫ic manCabÂJças'manCabeN†ayCanic碢˘ cUr kMuTukcit†[esaH . elakbJÇak'fa ®bCaBlrdΩExµrsuPaBs©b'es©øm s¬ËtbUt sucrit ®sLaj'esrIPaB 90%kan'®BHBuTÏsasna . eyIgminGacelat keÂJÇaldUcP~MePI¬g e®bIFm·ek†AdUcyYndUcyYnevotmijVneLIy . dIFI¬®beTsExµreyIgmanCIrCatilÌFMTUlayNas' sMrab'begI˚npl . eyIgeFI√E®sEt m†gmYyq~S rYceyIgsMrak5-6Exy"ag®sYl . cMENk´®BeQId*mant´m¬ ma ndl'eTA 73% ´ndIFI¬TSgGs' . Ten¬sab Ten¬emKg p†l'®tIVn®Kb'®Kan' . ®keLkemIleTAt∫Ëgd*mant´m¬vij eyIgmany"age®cIn˘˘˘.l. dUec~HeyIg®Kan'EtrYbrYmK~abMVt'QµÁjkN†al bMVt'sMNUksUkV"n' eyIgGacedaH®saybJ˙aCIvPaBksikrExµrVny"aggay .l. nig .l. ExµrTSg2nak'enaHvil®tLb'eTACYbva . hU-CImijecjbJÇa[eKsm¬ab'G~k TSgBIrenaHecal edIm∫IecosvagkMu[EbkkarNr_ bs'va . sÂgam57´f©pʨH eLIgy"agx¬Sgk¬aenAeDonebonPU . kgT&BVrSgnigbUdUyB&TÏvayK~ay"ags√it KWsIusac'hutQamK~a . Tin~anub∫vti†VrSgmYyeQµaH HISTORAMA Vnpßayfa enAeBlenaHkgT&BVrSgmans¬ab'nigVt'x¬ÁncMnYnCap¬Ëvkar ®VMmWun®VM BIrJn'®VMbYnryekAsib®VMbInak' (57,998nak') . eTIbBiPBelakebIksni~siTmYyenA®kughßWENv cab'BIExemsaq~S1954 edIm∫IcrcabJçb'sÂgamenA e®CayåbTI√b≤NÎËcin . dUec~Hsni~siTenHVnsMercenA´f©TI20/7/54 ®tUvbJçb'sÂgamenAelI e®CayåbT√Ib≤NÎËcin

EfmTSgyl'®Bm[®beTskmı¨Ca, yYn, lav‰kraC¥

bJÇak'bEnƒmeTotfa T&BbreTsTSgGs'®tUvdkfyecj[Gs'BI®beTsTS gbIenaHCadac'xat . b"uEn†GP&B√ExµreyIg˘˘˘ eyIg®tUvVt'bg'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCaelIkTI2 . ®tUv Vt'bg'®bCaCncMnYn4lannak', ®tUvlHbg'vt†cMnYn556 Edlman®BHsgÙ CaCatiExµr kan'®BHBuTÏsasnay"agxÇab'xÇÁncMnYn2mWun5Jn'Gg . ( erOgExµr eyIg®tUvVt'bg'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamenH, VrSgdUcCaKµankMhuseT e®JHkal eNaH ebIVrSg®bKl'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[Exµr eKGacsµanVnfa muxCadUc s√aVnEp¬dUgehIy ! ) . KYr[s†ayNas'˘˘˘ TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamsiƒtenAe®kam

GgkarCanrNa ?

14

GaNaniKmVrSgGs'ry:eeBlcMnYn90q~S . raCkarExµresaHGegIy Kµan KMeragkarrMedaHTal'EtesaH ! . pʨyeTAvij yYnmanEpnkare®KagTukCa e®sctSgBIq~S1945 edIm∫I®Kb'®KgnKrkmı¨Cae®kam . emIlcuH ! VrSg®bKl'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[vaP¬am˘˘˘ vamankgT&BEdlmankarBiesaFnd _ *®Kb'®Ka n'˘˘˘ vamannamWunecHdwge®CA®CH˘˘˘ vamanG~kbecçkeTsd*®twm®tUv nSykmk dak'®Kb'@®ksYg, ®Kb'@Ep~kP¬am@ .l. VrSgVn®bKl'‰kraC¥[®beTskmı¨CatSgBI´f©TI9viciœka1953 . yYn evotmijcg'BuH®beTskmı¨CaCaBIr˘˘˘ dUec~Heq¬øteBlEdlbUdUytSgmUldΩan enAJseBj®sukExµry"agenH vaEbrCabJÇa[bUdUylYcvaykMeTckgexmr PUminÊenA®suk´b"lin, ®kecH, E®seCs, vWun´s CaedIm k~¨gExemsaq~S1954 . eBlenaHkgT&BCatieyIgvaytbeTAvij bN†ay[bUdUy®tUvs¬ab'tayehag ecalexµacJseBj´®B . emIlcuHbgbÌËnExµreGIy !

kgT&BExµreyIgminEmnGn'‰Na ! . k~¨gq~S

1954, bUdUymankm¬SgT&BnigmanGavuFd*x¬Sgk¬a, vaGacdeNI†mykC&yCMnH BIVrSgenAedonebonPU k*b"uEn†va®tUvbraC&yKYr[Gam"as'enAcMeJHmuxkgexm rPUminÊ . luH®tUvbraC&yy"agenH eTIbvayl'fa ebIe®bIEtGavuFnigkm¬SgVy eFI√sÂgamCamYyExµr vaminGacykC&yCMnHBIExµrVneLIy . e®JH®bCaCn Exµrrwgbwugs√its√ajBUEkGt'®TSnUvkarlMVk®Kb'Ebby"ag . emIlcuHExµrm~ak' GacTb'Tl'nwgyYn5nak'Vny"aggay . bn†sÂgamteTAeTotminekIteT ®tUvEtdkfyrkåVyklepßg . yYnsal'critnigcMNucexßayrbs'em dwknS®beTsExµr KWcUlcit†sIueCar, cUlcit†[eKbeJÇar, [eKbeJIçcbeJIçr reNbreNIb˘˘˘ ‰gPrGjk*PreTAcuH [Et®tUvcit†Gj ! [EtGjl∫IeQµaH (eLIgbuN¥s&ki†) man®beyaCnd _ l'®KYsarGj .l. dUec~HyYnhaNUy ®tUvEtbEnƒmGavuFcit†saÂs† nigkll∫icEfmeTot rYcehIyvak*cab'epI†mGnu vt†eX¬agX¬a « bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg » . yYnevotmijkMBugs¬n'es¬arkåVykl ®sab'Etvadwgfasni~siTenATI ®kughßWENvsMercbJŒb'sÂgamenAåbTI√b≤NÎËcin . {kaslÌmkdl'y"a genH, enA´f©TI6/8/54, yYnhaNUyecjbJÇa[ecjBI´®BtMerobCYreLIgLa nTSgmuxjjwm rYcelIk´dbk'rvic@ «sMulabgbÌËnExµr» vil®tLb'eTAkan' ®beTsevotNamvij . vaE®skehflarkeÂJÇøvsb∫ayrIkray jjwmmann&yCagExµrmças'®sukeTAeTot .

GgkarCanrNa ?

15

cab'tSgBIExkJÔa1954rhUtbn†bnÊab'mk bUdUylblYccUlmkkan'®b eTsExµr . vaedIrefIµreCIgs©at'e®cob . pʨyeTAvij enA´f©TI6/8/54 bUdUy®tU vdkfyecjBI®sukExµr ®sab'EtbUdUytMerobCYrK~aeLIgLan y"agK®KwkKe®Kg eFI√[epIÌldl'BiPBelaknig®bCaCnExµr . enHCakll∫icfiınEP~kd* ®bsb'Gsçar¥ . vabg˙aj[eXIjpÊal'EP~kCak'Es†gfa eBlVrSgfyecj BI®beTsExµr bUdUyk*dkfyecjEdr . dUec~HExµrEdlminVnBicarNa k* yl'®cLMy"agF©n'fa – bUdUysµ&®Kcit†cUlmks¬ab'CYyExµrEmn e®JHbgbÌË nExµreyIgsµanyl'tamEtkaremIleXIjb"ueNˆaH . KWbuB√ehtuEdlVnerobrab'mkenHehIy VnCaExµrGay"gyYnehgsMrin, hflun-Esn, Ca-swumsni~dΩanfa yYncUlmkCYyExµrCaelIkTI1 . cMENkyYnevotmijEdlVnsMerceCaKC&yd*FMeFg nUvEpnkarTI1enH ehIy dUec~HvaGacelbTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam EdlCaEpnkarTI2rbs'vaVny"ag gay . ena‰kmı¨CakN†al‰eNHvij vabegI˚tVnCaExßry:b bg˚b'TukCae®s c mansmaCikExµrevotmijTSgGs'cMnYn®VMJn'nak' p†Ërp†ac'y"agsÌitrmYt bMerIva . eBlbUdUydkT&BecjBI®beTsExµr vasMrSge®CIserIsk~¨gcMeNam smaCikTSgenaHcMnYnmYyJn'nak' nSykeTACamYy . cMENkbYnJn'nak' eTot va[rMsayCYrsm©Mk~¨gTIggit sMrab'TukeFI√Exßry:rrg'cS{kaslÌvil®t Lb'mkvij . KµannrNam~ak'cUlsMusarPaBbMerIraCkarExµreT . cMENk‰ ®kumExµr≤sßr:˘˘˘˘ cab'tSgBI®sukExµrVn‰kraC¥ k*sµ&®Kcit†cUlmksMusarPa BrYbrYmbMerICatiTSgGs' . k~¨gry:eeBl9q~SEdlbUdUytSgmUldΩanenAk~¨g®sukExµr yYnhaNUy CaevotmijxMeronsU®tsal'®Kb'®Cuge®CayPUmiyuTÏsaÂs†´®B®BwkßaenAk~¨g ®sukExµr . sal'TIkEn¬gt∫Ëgmant´m¬ CaBiessvaeq¬øtdwknSGavuFcUlyk mkkb'lak'Tukk~¨g´®B®sukExµry"age®cIn . åTahrNe_ nAPUmisMLËtext†Vt' dMbg manbIryedIm . emFM@BIrnak' EdlEfrkßaGavuFTSgenaHeQµaH mUlsm∫it† ehAtaEb"t nigrs'-jwm ehAtaekA . yYnVn®tYt®ta®beTsbIKW tugkwg, GNˆam nigkmı¨Cae®kam . vahflanrM elaPc∫ab'Gn†rCati, rMelaPsiTiÏmnusß, vahflanecjc∫ab'[Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamcM nYn4lannak'kan'katyYn . kaleNaH®BHsgÙkmı¨Cae®kameFI√Vtukmµy"ag x¬Sgk¬a ®bqSgnwgGMeBI´®B´pßrMelaPsiTiÏmnusßenH . edIm∫IbMVt'dan®bvti†saÂs†nigPUmisaÂs†rbs'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam

yYnVn

GgkarCanrNa ?

16

p¬as'eQµaHPUmi XMu ®suk nigext†exÊcxIÊGs' rYcvaEfmTSgp¬as'eQµaHnKrTSg bIenaHeTACa «evotNam» eTotpg . vaVnBuHCaBIr edayykExßbnÊat'®sb TI17

Ca®BM®bTl'

KWevotNamxageCIgCakumµ¨ynis†

cat'EtgtSghU-

CImijCa®bFan nigevotNamxagt∫ËgCaesrIcat'tSgeg"a-Dineyom Ca®bFa naFibtI . eKGac®bdUckarGnuvt†nE_ pnkarrbs'yYnrebobenH eTAnwgkare®CIserIs®tIr"s' EdlenArs'®ss'lÌk~¨g®kLmYy, ®tIr"s's¬ab's̨y KWBYkyYnBuk rlYyesrIniym

BYkecar´®Bxagt∫ËgenAk~¨g®kLmYyepßgeTotCae®sc

edIm∫IgayGnuvt†EpnkarTI2CabnÊan' . edIm∫IecosvagkMu[xusc∫ab'Gn†rCati EdlmanEcgk~¨gsniÏsJÔa´nsni~ siTenA®kughßWENvExkk˚daq~S1954 EdlyYnhaNUyCaevotmij VncuH htƒelxaTTYlyl'®BmCamYy sn¥afaQb'edIrQ¬anJn®beTsCitxag enaH˘˘˘ dUec~Hk~¨gq~S1958, yYnhaNUy´q~®bDitCaevotkugvij rYccat'EtgtS g « eg√øg-hflUfU » Ca®bFan . b"uEn†®tUvEts†ab' ®tUvEteKarBtambJÇahU-CImi jdEdl . « evotkugkMBugeq¬q¬arkels ! » . k~¨gq~S1963, eq¬øteBlEdlbJÔv&n†ExµrrjI¨r´j"rt'cUl´®B, eq¬øteBl Edlsem†csIhnuTat'ecalCMnYyGaemrikSgenA´f©TI10viciœka1963 {kas lÌmkdl'y"agenH yYnhaNUyCaGtitevotmij nigCabcç¨b∫n~evotkug k*cab'epI†mGnuvt†KMeragkarTI2P¬am . vacab'epI†mTak'Tgsem†csIhnu rYcva bJÇËnbUdUyvil®tLb'cUlmkkan'®beTskmı¨Ca, cab'epI†mtSgmUldΩanT&B kEn¬gcas'dEdleLIgvij . vaykelssMudItSgmUldΩanT&B edIm∫IkMeTc GaemrikSgrMedaHTwkdIevotNamxagt∫Ëg . enHehIyCax¬acas'cUlmkkan' silenAvt†dEdlvij . vabiun®bsb'eFI√ÚkTn'P¬n' sUkV"n'namWunExµrEdlTTY lxus®tUvk~¨gvSg rhUtdl'®KYsarrbs'sem†csIhnu .l. k~¨gq~S1965 evotNamxagt∫ËgVnTTYlGn†raKmnB _ IkgT&BGaemrikSg ®Kb'@Ep~kmancMnYn2Esnnak' . eq¬øt{kasenaHyYnhaNUyCaevotkugk* bJÇËnbUdUymkkan'®beTsExµrEdr edIm∫I[mancMnYnesIµK~a . vaykelsd Edl@fa – « sMudIs~ak'enAedIm∫IkMeTckgT&BGaemrikSgrMedaHTwkdIevotNam xagt∫Ëg » . eq¬øteBlenaH vabJÇËn®kumcit†saÂs† cUlmk®beTsExµry"age®cIn . ®kumenHcab'epI†meFI√skmµPaBTak'TgrwtcMNgmit†PaB

rvagsmaCikbk߮b-

GgkarCanrNa ?

17

CaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr KWBYkGtitExµrevotmij EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg-g"ukmij begI˚tBIq~S1951 rYcbg˚b'lak'x¬ÁnTukk~¨g®sukmancMnYn4Jn'nak'enaHeLIg vij . CaBiessvacab'epI†mB®gwgB®gIkkgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰ _ kPaB rbs'kmı¨Ca (GtitExµrevotmij) [rwgmS . vasMrSgCMerIsEtyuvCnExµrEdl ®KYsar®tUvrge®KaH bN†almkBIGMeBIGyuti†Fm·NamYy BIs~a´dnamWunraCkar CiHCan' rYcvaj¨Hjg'cak'cuctamcMNucexßaynanaenaH[duHcit†®tUvEtsg swk˘˘˘ rYceTIbvabJçËlk~¨gGgPaBeyaFa .l.

❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

18

CMBUkTI3 ‹ ehtudUcem†cVnman®Bwti†karN1 _ 8mina1970 ? ‹ karbegI˚traCrdΩaPiVle®sac®sg'Cati ! ‹ sem†csIhnurt'ecal®suk ! ‹ elakln'-nl'cat'tMNageTACYbsem†csIhnu !

ehtudUcem†cVnman®Bwti†karN1 _ 8mina1970 ? elakln'-nl'CardΩmÂnI†nigCanayGKembJÇakarkgT&BCati . tMENg enH elakF¬ab'kan'kab'rhUtmkdl'q~S1967 . cab'tSgBIq~S1969 elaksMu dkx¬ÁnfyecjBImuxdMENgTSgGs' KWelakmanbMNgf√aysem†csIhnu ceJçjfI√®BHhtƒcuH . m"¥ageTotelakkMBugmankg√l' edaysarmrNPaB fIµ@rbs'elak®sIexg EdlCaPriyad*kMst'k®mrbs'elak . eBlenaH sem†csIhnukMBugbÂg˚abBYkeq√gpg BYks†Spg j¨Sg[esdΩ kicçcuHdundab bEnƒmelI≤TiÏBlsÂgamenA®beTsevotNam kMBugCHmkelI Cay"agx¬Sg nigbJ˙alMnwgneyaVy lMnwgmenaKmviCÇa ®tUvecaTy"agF©n'k~¨ g®beTsExµr .

mUlehtuenH˘˘˘ k~¨gq~S1969 sem†c®Tg'TTYlsal'braC&

y´nneyaVyxagEp~kesdΩkicç nigkMhusEdlyl'®Bm[evotkugtSgmU ldΩanbUdUyk~¨gTwkdIExµr .

enAeBlenaH vakMBugbJÇËnbUdUy bJÇËnGavuFcU-

lmke®cIneLIg@dUcTwkVk'TMnb' ( kaleNaHevotkugkan'kab'TwkdIExµrGs' cMnYnBIrPaKbI 2/3 eTAehIy ) . vaeq¬øtB®gwgB®gIkkgkm¬SgGtitExµrevotmijeLIgvij .l. dUec~HExsIha1969˘˘˘ sem†c®Tg'ebIksmaCBiessmYy rYcsMerccat' tSgelakln'-nl' CaemdwknS « rdΩaPiVle®sac®sg'Cati » . kaleNaH mrtkkmı¨Ca EdleJreBjeTAedayvibti† k*®tUvF¬ak'eTAelIsµaelakln'nl'TSg®sug .

GgkarCanrNa ?

19

elakx√l'Esnx√l'e®JHelakyl'fa – ‹ ebIGaemrikSgdkfyecjBIyYnxagt∫Ëg etIraCkarExµredjbUdUy[ fyecjBI®sukExµrrebobdUcem†ceTA ? eFI√karcrca®Vb'va[dkfyecj ? vac∫as'CaeqI¬yfa eT ! . eyIge®bIGavuF ? kgexmrPUminÊmanEt2mWun7Jn' nak' ? . ebIsinCa®beTsevotNamxageCIgrYmK~aCamYyevotNamxagt∫Ëgvij ®beTsenHnwgk¬ayeTACa®beTsmYyy"agmSxagEp~ksÂgam e®JHrbrrk sIurbs'vaKWeFI√sÂgam . vaeFI√sÂgambn†@CamYybreTs nigCamYyBYkyYn K~avaKµan®sak®san† . teTAGnaKt vamuxCaeq¬øtbn†sÂgam edIm∫IB®gIkTwk dIrbs'vabEnƒmeTot . e®JH®beTsevotNammanTMhM®kLa´pÊcMnYn330,000Km2 KWFMCag ®sukExµrCitdl'eTA2dg . mancm©ayBIxageCIgeTAxagt∫Ëg ®bEvg2,000 K˘m˘ . k~¨gq~S1969 evotNamTSgBIrman®bCaCncMnYn38lannak' ( 20 lannak'enAxageCIg nig18lannak'enAxagt∫Ëg ) . ®beTsevotNamsMbUreTAeday´®BP~M≤t®beyaCn®_ KbdN†b' . 80%´n´pÊ®kLaTSgmUl (260, 000Km2)˘˘˘ enAsl'Et20% KW66,000Km2b"ueNˆaH EdlCadIGacrs'enA Vn . sƒanPaB®bCaCnyYnmancMnYn 600nak'k~¨g´pÊdI1Km2 . ®bCaCnevotNammany"age®cIn enAelI´pÊdId*cegÌøtcgÌl'EbbenH nwg GacbN†al[eTACaTm©n'mYyd*F©n'≤tKNnadl'®beTskmı¨Ca Edlman®BM ®bTl'Cab'K~a e®JHeyIgminGacbwTVMg®BM®bTl'®beTsTSgBIr EdlKµan rVMgFmµCatiCYykarJr[man®bsiTiÏPaBVneT . sB√´f©enH yYnecHEtvat TI cUlmktSgenAelIdIExµrEdlTMenrCahUrEhr . k~¨gq~S1969 yYncUlmk tSgTIlMenAtamc∫ab'mancMnYn50mWunnak' k~¨gcMeNamExµrEdlCamças'TwkdI cMnYn7lannak' .ebIsB√´f©bUdUynigraÂs†yYnkMBuglblYccUlbn†mkeTot enaH dUec~HExµreyIgBiVksni~dΩanNas'cMeJHplviVkEp~kxagesdΩkicç ni gneyaVy Edl®beTsExµrnwg®tUvTTYlrge®KaHenAeBlGnaKtxagmux CaBiessGNikCnCatiyYnmancMNgxagp¬Ëvcit†

nigneyaVyCamYy

matu®beTsedImrbs'vaCanicç . elakyl'eTotfa – karrYmK~aeLIgvij´n®beTsyYn Camhn†ray≤t GI√®bEkkVn cMeJHP&B√vasna´n®beTskmı¨Ca . sÂgammuxEtnwgpʨHrvag ExµrnigyYn mingayecosvagputeLIy .

GgkarCanrNa ?

20

elakln'-nl'hflanGHGagTTYlsal'fa CnCatiyYnedaymansÂga mCab'@mkdUec~H j¨Sg[vamancritrwgbwug ecHGt'Fµt'nUvkarlMVk®Kb'Ebb y"ag . rI‰xageyaFa vamanzamBld*x¬SgBUEk mankarBiesaFnd _ *®twm®tUvk~¨ gP~k'ePI¬gsÂgam EfmTSgmanKuNsm∫ti†xagp¬ËvbJÔa TSgxagp¬Ëvkll∫ic . dUec~HbJÇak'[eXIjfa

yYneTAGnaKt Ep~keyaFaGacBUEkk~¨gcMeNam

®bCaCatiTSgLayenAe®Cay≤NÎËcin nigenAk~¨gGasIuGeK~yC _ aminxan . k~¨gq~S1970 bUdUymancMnYn2Esnnak' tSgmUldΩanJseBj´®B´n®b eTsExµr . cMENkkgexmrPUminÊvij manEt2mWun7Jn'nak'Etb"ueNˆaH KWman cMnYnticCagyYnbUdUydl'eTACag7dg ! . enHminniyaydl'cMnYnnigKuN PaB´nGavuFyuTÏP&NÎpg . elakln'-nl'yl'dUec~H mankar®BYyVrm∏y"agx¬Sg . sem†csIhnu EbrCart'ecaltMENg, rt'ecalmatuPUmi, rt'ecalraÂs†Exµr ykrYcx¬Án ehIy Tm¬ak'GMErkenHeTAelIelakeTAvij . elakln'-nl'KµanKMnitk∫t'sem†csI hnueT b"uEn†elak®tUvEtTTYlfµVk'enHedays√&y®bvti† eTIbCMruj[man®Bwti† karN1 _ 8mina1970 evlaem"ag1resolenHeLIg . b"uEn†KYr[s†ayNas' kalenaHe®bobdUcCaeyIgeF√s®bEhs beN†ay[TwkCMnn'Cn'licdl'dMbUlpÊHeTAehIy eTIb®bev®bvarkTICMrk k*k¬ayeTA Caliclg'vinasGn†raydl'PaBGs'sgÙwmrhUtdl'sB√´f©enH . m"¥agvij eTot˘˘˘ ExµreyIgGP&B√Nas'˘˘˘ emIlcuHelakln'-nl'eLIgCa®bmuxrdΩ®Kb' ®KgsaFarNrdΩExµr minVnbMerI®beTs[VneBjeljeT e®JHelakma neraKaJFF©n'dabNas'eTAehIy . eBlenaH elakdUcCaG~kkan'GMNac ‰eTot@Edr elakmanKuNsm∫ti†nigKuNvibti†KYr[kt'smal' . nrNa cg'ecaTelakfadUcem†c k*elakKµaneqI¬ytbeT . elakbnßl'Tukkiti†ys rbs'elakepI∆k~¨g´draÂs†Exµr EdlecHKitBicarNa ecHe®bobeFob[eqI¬y CMnYscuH . ´f©TI18mina1970kn¬gputeTAeBlNa elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'CYb elaksWg-g"ukfaj' elakEtgEteJldMGUjfa – « KYr[s†ayNas'@ min KYr[man®Bwti†karNe_ day´cdn¥y"agenHeT nS[elakCab'eQµaHk~¨g®bvti† saÂs† faelakCaG~kdeNI†mGMNacBIsem†csIhnu » . tSgBIedImTImk elakeKarBnigesµaH®tg'cMeJHsem†cGs'BIdYgcit† elakKµannwknak∫t'…d eNI†mGMNacBI®BHGgTal'EtesaH .

GgkarCanrNa ?

21

cuHebI®BHGgrt'ecaltMENg rt'ecalkUn@eTAehIy etI[eFI√dUcem†ceTA ? dUec~HvasnaCMrujeKcminput elak®tUvEtpßge®BgCacuge®kaybgÌs' ®tUvEt lHbg'GI√@TSgGs'edIm∫ICati . k~¨geBlEdl®beTsExµrkMBugq¬gkat'P~k'sÂgam elakesna®bmuxl n'-nl'yl'c∫as'Nas'fa KWyYnhaNUyeTAEdleq¬øt{kasenH bJÇa[ bUdUyvaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµr e®JHvamanEtEpnkar®JgTukCae®sc ®tUvEt®k ´Lmux®beTskmı¨Ca [eTACakumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin « minEmneFI√sÂgamCamYy sem†csIhnueT! » . dUec~H®Kb'@sunÊrkfarbs'elak elakEtgEtdas'etOnrMlwk®bCaBl rdΩExµrfa eyIg®tUv®by&t~nUve®KaHf~ak'´nBYkTmiL ! . ebIeBlNaBYkvaTTYl C&yCMnH vanwgb†Ërmuxkmı¨CaeTAtammenaKmviCÇarbs'va . vanwgksagkmı¨CafIµ elIKMnrepHKMnrqÌwg´nraÂs†ExµrCaminxan . « etIeyabl' Jk¥dMbUnµanrbs' elak®tUv…eTenAeBlenH ? » . edIm∫IbJÇak'sem†csIhnu[yl'nUvP~k'ePI¬gsÂgamd*Bit®Vkdk~¨gTwkdI Exµr EdlkMBugpʨHeLIgenaH˘˘˘ dUec~He®kay´f©18mina1970 ®BHmhakß®tIya nInigrdΩsPaExµr Vncat'tMNag2rUb KW®BHGgmças'nerat†m-kn†¨l CatMNa g®BHraCvSg, elakEym-sMbUr CatMNagxagEp~krdΩaPiVl bJÇËneTAKal' sem†csIhnuenATI®kugV"rIs_ KWsUmsem†csMNak'enA®beTsVrSgsMrak ®BHkayKg'enAes©ømsincuH TMrSkUn@erobcMcat'EcgsƒankarN[ _ Vnerob ry®sYlbYlsin ˘˘˘kUn@nwgsUmyagsem†c“vil®tLb'eTAkan'TI®kugP~MeBj k~¨gzan:C Ca®BmuxrdΩdEdlvij . b"uEn†sem†csIhnucecs k*bdiesFecalesckI†sMuenHTSg®sug eday min®BmCYbtMNagTSg2rUbenaHeLIy rYc®bkasdMkl'Tukfa rdΩaPiVlsaFa rNrdΩExµrnigsPak∫t'Cati k∫t'raCbl¬g˚eTAvij . kaleNaHGtItshPaBsUevotf√ayeyabl' sMukMu[sem†cyageTA kan'®sukcineLIy˘˘˘. « GtItshPaBsUevotKS®Telakesna®bmuxln'nl'enA´f©TI17emsa1975 » .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

22

CMBUkTI4 ‹ cinnigyYnhaNUyebIkkll∫iceVksem†csIhnu ! ‹ cinnigyYnebIkGg®bCMubegI˚trNsirß®bCaCnTSgbI´n åbTI√b≤NÎËcin ( FUTPI ) ! ‹ cin yYn niglav KS®Tsem†c ! ‹ skmµPaBbUdUyvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' ! cinnigyYnhaNUyebIkkll∫iceVksem†csIhnu ! enAevlaem"agmYyresol´n´f©TI18mina1970

rdΩsPaExµrVn®bkas

Tm¬ak'sem†csIhnuecjBItMENg®bmuxrdΩ enAeBlEdlsem†ckMBugEtsMNak'enA‰TI®kugm"UsË´nGtItshPaBsUevot . CU-eGnLayelIkTwkcit†sem†csIhnunigpS-yuSgdugrdΩmÂnI†®ksYg karbreTsevotNamxageCIg [begI˚trNsirßmYy EdleKnwg®bkasbegI˚tnaExemsamYyExe®kaymkeTot . ´f©TI25mina, sem†csIhnuk*begI˚t rNsirßmYyEdlmaneQµaHfa – «rNsirßrYbrYmCatikmı¨Ca» EdlmanexovsMpn, hflU-yn', hflU-nwm CaG~kKS®T≤tlk≈&N edIm∫I®bqSgnwgrdΩaPiVlln' -nl' . enA´f©25-26emsa, e®kamkarepI†mKMnitrbs'sem†csIhnu nige®kam GFibtIPaBrbs'rdΩmÂnI†TI1cinCU-eGnLay, mankarebIk®bCMumYyeTot edIm∫I begI˚t «rNsirßrYbrYmCatiTSg3´nåbTI√b≤NÎËcin » Edlman®Tg'supanvgß (lav), pS-yuSgdug (evotNamxageCIg), eg√øg-hflUfU (evotNamxagt∫Ëg) Ca G~kcUlrYm®bCMu . ebItamesckI†®bkasrYm˘˘˘ TIkEn¬g®bCMuenHsiƒtenAcM®BMEdn´n®beTsTS gbIKW cin, lav nigevotNam . EtebIeyagtamesckI†sm∏asnm _ Yyrbs' ®Tg'supanvgß CamYyG~kkaEst®sICatib"ULËjm~ak',

®Tg'supanvgßVnGH

Gagfa kar®bCMuenHVn®b®Bwt†eLIgenATIkEn¬gmYy´next†kg'tug®sukcin .

GgkarCanrNa ?

23

CamYyK~aenH, cineb"kSgcat'ebskCnBiess[eTACYbelakln'-nl' enA‰P~MeBjedIm∫IsMucrca . cinsMu[elakln'-nl'Kit ehIysMercnUvkicç sn¥a3x rhUtdl'dMNac'Exemsa . kicçsn¥a3xenaHKW – 1- sMu[rdΩaPiVlelakln'-nl'sMrYlkardwkes∫øg nigGavuF®Kb'y"ag eTA[eyokkugkat'tam®sukExµr edIm∫IvayswkCamYyevotNamxagt∫Ëg. 2- yl'®Bm[yYnxageCIgdak'T&BenA®sukExµr . 3- yl'®BmTTYlsal'brivarcin ehIysuxcit†eFI√eXasna[BYkenH tam®Kb'meF¥aVy . ebIelakln'-nl'TTYlsal'xTSgbIenH eb"kSgnwgTat'ecalsem†c sIhnu ehIyTTYlsal'saFarNrdΩExµrvij . Etelakln'-nl'min®Bm . EsÌkeLIg´f©TI1åsPa1970 cin®bkasTTYlsal'sem†csIhnu . em"AesTug®bkasCaåLarwkfa cinsµ&®Kcit†p†l'CMnYyCaTwk®Vk' « tamsem†c ®tUvkar » ®BmTSg®bkasfa dl'eBlNasem†cTTYlC&yCMnHsinswmsg cinvij˘˘˘ cinminKitkar®Vk'eT ! . 5´f©e®kaymkeTot eKk*VnbegI˚trdΩaPiVlmYyEdlmaneQµaHfa « rdΩaPiVlb®gYbb®gYmCatikmı¨Ca » Edlmansem†cEb"n-nutCanayk, ecAesgCardΩmÂnI†TTYlbnʨkxagebskkmµBiess EdledIrTak'Tg®Kb'breTs BiessBYkbsçwm®beTs . cinnigyYneyokkugCYysem†csIhnudUec~HminTMngTal'EtesaH e®JH xM∆¨enAcSmat'enAeLIyfa

k~¨gbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin eKVnEcgc∫ab'y"ag

c∫as'las'Nas'fa dMNak'karCadMbUg®tUvkMeTcski†PUmi˘˘˘ cuH≤LËvenHeh tudUcem†cVnCabkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinEbrCaKS®Tsem†csIhnu EdlCaski† PUmieTAvij ? . cMENk‰exov-sMpn emExµr®khmEdlmannin~akarExµr ehIyEdlrt' ecal®sukedaysarkarecaT®bkan'rbs'sem†csIhnu faCas®tUvk∫t'Cati enaH EbrCas¬n'es¬aeq¬q¬abbYlK~acuHhtƒelxaKS®Tsem†csIhnuenA´f©TI26 -3-70 nwgeKEdr . buB√ehtuEdlmanCabÂJças'beN†ay dUcVnGFib∫aymkxagelIenH k*dUcCakarnSsSgCae®cInJn'etan eTAcak'e®sacdut®beTskmı¨CaEtm†g . e®JHpS-yuSgdugVne®tomx¬Ánrg'cS{kasenHCayUrmkehIy .

luH{kas

GgkarCanrNa ?

24

lÌmkdl'y"agenH vabJÇa[bUdUybn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khm enAelIedIm®TUg Jk'rUbsem†csIhnu®Kb'@K~a ykelshk'elatkeÂJÇaldUcP~MePI¬g vay sMrukkMeTcsm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl' EdlCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ ®BmTSgE®sk Ceyasem†c“ ! ( kaleNaHsem†c“rt'ecalkUnExµr eTAeFI√Ca“yYneyokku gCabUdUyvij ) . xM∆¨xM®sav®CavrkBt·manx¬H@ EdlsI†GMBIkarEdlbUdUyVnecjmuxvay kMeTc®beTsExµrdUcteTA – ‹ kgBlFMelx1 – kgvresnaFMelx101D manbUdUy2Jn'nak'tSg enAmUldΩanGgrbUrI (ext†taEkv) . ‹ kgBlFMelx5 – kgvresnaFMelx174-05 nig 275 manbUdUy®VM Jn'nak'tSgmUldΩanenAs~Ál (ext†®kecH) . ‹ kgBlFMelx7 – kgvresnaFMelx141 165 nig 209 manbUdUy ®VMmYyJn'BIrrynak' tSgmUldΩanenAemmt' (ext†kMBg'cam) . ‹ kgBlFMelx9 – kgvresnaFMelx95C 271 nig 272 manbUdUy6 Jn'nak' tSgmUldΩanenACb' (ext†kMBg'cam) . ‹ kgT&Belx B3 – kgvresnaFMelx24 28 40 65 nig 95 manbUdUy 1mWun8rynak' tSgmUldΩanenAbrEkv (ext†rtnKIrI) bEnƒmelIGgPaBenH enA GmesnaFikar manbUdUy1mWun2Jn'nak' . cMENk‰®kumdwkCJÇËnPs†¨Par swkmanbUdUy2mWun3Jn'nak' . ‹ kgBlFMelx509 – tSgmUldΩanenAE®kk-s~Ál (ext†®kecH) y"ag e®cInmindwgcMnYnBit®Vkd . bUkrYmTSgGs'man – 6mWun5Jn'nak' (eday minKitkgBlFMelx509) .

skmµPaBbUdUyvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' ! ´f©TI27-4-1970,

bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrCaelIkTI1

enA

eQIexµA ®sukekaHFM (ext†kN†al) . bUdUyrukrancUly"agelOn F¬aymk dl'taexµA rhUtdl'k∫alf~l' . enA´f©TI15mifuna1970, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrenAext†kMBg'FM˘˘˘ eyIgemIlBIkV"l'ehaH eXIjc∫as'bUdUyCae®cInmWunk∫al c∫SgTl'

GgkarCanrNa ?

25

tYCamYykgT&BCatiExµr . Tl'tYy"agenH bUdUy®tUvs¬ab'KrelIK~aCae®cInJn' k∫al, ecalexµacJseBj´®BdUec~H, bUdUy®tUvbraC&ydkfy . enA´f©TI24kJÔa1971, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcbMp¬ajTMnb'Twk E®Bket~at . enA´f©TI5åsPa1972, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcbMp¬ajsıan®BH munIvgß . BI´f©TI1dl'´f©TI12kk˚da bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrenA®suk Ggtaesam (ext†taEkv) . k~¨gExsIha, bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcExµrenAkMBg'®tEbk . enAyb'´f©TI6eTA7tula bUdUyCae®cIJn'k∫alecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTc bMp¬ajsıane®Caycg√ar . enAyb'´f©TI6eTA7tula bUdUyCae®cIJn'k∫alecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTc bMp¬ajsıane®Caycg√ar . eBlvadkfyeTAvij vaecalexµacenAk~¨gsmrPUmi83k∫aql nig®tUvkgT&BCatiExµrcab'Vn7k∫al . enA´f©TI25 Exkum∏: q~S1974 bUdUyCae®cInmWunk∫alecjmuxeBjTI B&TÏ vaykMeTcPUmi®bsUtmancm©ay®bmaN2K˘m˘BITI®kugs√ayerog . ‹‹‹ KWvibti†xagelIenHehIy EdlExµrGay"gyYn®kumehg-sMrin, hflun EsnCaedIm vasni~dΩanfa yYnmkCYyExµrCaelIkTI2 .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

26

CMBUkTI5 ‹ yYnj¨Hjg'Exµr[®bqSgnwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl' . ‹ es~øtyYne®bIeQµaHsem†csIhnuedIm∫Ie®CIserIseyaFa . ‹ shrdΩGaemrikCYyExµrln'-nl'BIrelIk . ‹ eyaFaExµr®khmbMEbkCa3®kum . ‹ evotkugsMuvil®tLb'eTA®sukvij . ‹ yYnhaNUybJÇËnExµrevotmij3Jn'nak' mkkan'®suk Exµr . yYnj¨Hjg'Exµr[®bqSgnwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl '

yYnhaNUyCaevotkugsal'cMNucexßayraÂs†Exµr EdlCaG~keKarB ®sLaj'sem†c“, vabJÇa[GtitExµrevotmije®bIyIehaExµr®khm edIrbMbH bMeVrraÂs†Exµr ®bqSgtTl'nwgrdΩaPiVlln'-nl' edayvaykelsfa KS ®Tsem†c“ . kaleNaHraÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkardac'®syalnigG~k®suk´®B P~M x√HkarBicarNa k*sµ&®Kcit†KS®TGtitExµrevotmij, cMENk‰yuvCnk*sµ&®K KS®TBYkenHEdr edaycUleFI√CaeyaFaExµr®khm . cMENkraÂs†ExµrG~kecHdwg CaBiessG~krdΩkarEdlecH®tiHriHBicarNa k*yl'fa ®beTsExµrenAeBlenHmane®KaHf~ak'mkdl'ehIy k*nS®KYsarrt' ePosx¬ÁncUlkan'TI®kug EdlmanrdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩCaG~k®Kb'®Kg . bJ˙araÂs†Exµrrt'cakecjBITIkEn¬gEdlvarMedaHrYcehIy enaHvae®tkGr Nas', va®tUvEtGnuvt†EpnkartwgrwugbEnƒm KWkMcaybEnƒm, åbmadUcCavaerIs ®tI®ss'dak'keJIÇepßg ®tIs̨ydak'keJIÇmYyepßgeTotCae®sc edIm∫IGnuvt† EpnkarTI2 .

GgkarCanrNa ?

27

eBlenaHyYnhaNUye®bIGavuF2y"ag edIm∫Ism¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµrCamças' TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ . GavuFkm¬Sg vae®bIsMrab'sm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl'˘˘˘ GavuFcit† saÂs† vae®bIsMrab'kMeTcExµrsIhnu . emIlcuH ! cab'tSgBI´f©TI18 mina 1970 pʨHeLIgP¬am, yYnhaNUy begI˚tclaclx¬SgeLIg@ . vae®bIExµrGay"grbs'va[eTAkan'PUmiExµr Edl enAtambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYn edIm∫Ij¨Hjg'bMbHbMeVrExµr CMruj[eFI√Vtu kmµKS®Tsem†c“Cajwkjab' . åb∫ti†ehtuenHekIteLIgeBlNa xag®ksY gsni†suxCatiEtgEthamXat'˘˘˘ dUec~Hk¬ayeTACaekItvivaTrvagBYkVtukrni gGaC∆aFr EdlbN†al[mankarvaytb'tTl'K~arhUtdl'rbYsnigs¬ab'Ca e®cIn . dUcCaenA´f©TI29 mina 1970˘˘˘ enAext†kMBg'cam, evotkugnigGtitExµr evotmijbbYlExµr≤s¬amnigG~k®sukExµrelI (´®BP~M) mancMnYn4mWunnak' nSK~a cUleTAkan'PUminana j¨Hjg'bMbHbMeVrraÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg' ehIyEhrCak∫Án VtukmµsMedAcUleTAkan'TI®kugkMBg'cam edayykelsfa eTAKS®Tsem†c “ . Et®kumVtukrdutdMNak'sem†csIhnu dutsaladMbUg˘˘˘. eBlenaHma ntMNagraÂs†BIrnak'sµ&®Kcit†TTYlbnʨkecjeTACYb®kumVtukr edIm∫IeFI√Gn† raKmns _ MruHsMrYl˘˘˘ EtmanXatkrGaf·kMVMgsm¬ab'elaktMNagraÂs†TSg BIrenaHecalP¬ameTA . ®kumVtukrcUlB&TÏsalaext†kMBg'cam E®skkMejIj bg≈Mt®mUv[ekNÎLan edIm∫IdwknS®kumvaeTAkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBj . kMejIjVn ehIy k∫ÁnLank*eFI√dMeNIreTAkan'rdΩFanIP¬am . mkdl'PUmiKKI cMeBlbwT cracr . P~ak'garyaml∫atk*hamXat' EtBYkVtukrd*sahavGs'enaHmin ®Bms†ab' CaehtueFI√[P~ak'garyaml∫atVj'rHeTAelIVtukr bN†al[ s¬ab'nigrbYsCae®cIn . eKeXIjexµacs¬ab'enAnwgkEn¬gekItehtucMnYn40 nak' . G~kEdl®tUvrbYsF©n'@ k*vil®tLb'eTAext†kMBg'camvij ehIyk*s¬ab' edayrbYsF©n'enaHGs'60nak'eTot . ®kumVtukrk*bMEbkCYr rYcvil®tLb' eTAkan'lMenAerog@x¬Ánvij edaynSTSgKMnMuKMuKYnek†A®khayeTACamYypg ehIysn¥anwgsgswk[bgbÌËn mit†P&ki†Edl®tUv®Kab'kSePI¬grbs'kgT&B Cati˘˘˘. eq¬øt{kasenaH GtitExµrevotmijj¨Hjg'bEnƒm rYcsMrSgCMerIsVnTahany"age®cIn EdlduHcit†y"agmutfa ®tUvEtsgswkCMnYs®KYsar nigdeNI†mGMNacBIln'-nl'ykmkf√aysem†c“vij .

GgkarCanrNa ?

28

dUec~HsÂgamk~¨g®beTsExµr EdlpʨHeLIgcab'BIq~S1970dl'cugq~S1973 KWbUdUyeTvaykMeTcExµr˘˘˘ b"uEn†mtiExµrnigbreTsCae®cInVnyl'®cLM enAeBlenaHfa ExµrsIhnuvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' . b"uEn†eTaHCay"agNak* eday BYkbUdUyEdlhflan « ykVymklabmat'BEB » enAeBlenaH k*e®JHEtmankarE®skGMJvnavrbs'sem†csIhnu tamviT¥¨BIeb"kSgmk[ra Âs†Exµre®kakeLIg®bqSgnwgBYk «Gak∫t'Eq˚bMerIGaemrikSg » . k~¨gq~S1970, tamTI®kugnana´n®beTsExµr manekItclacld*Eb¬k@ KW kUnsisßGnuviT¥al&ynigviT¥al&y bHeVreFI√VtukmµvayGaNikCnCatiyY n . ®Bwti†karNE_ b¬k@TSgenHmindwgecjBI®bPBNaeT . luHmanerOgminTM ngy"agenH GaNikCnCatiyYnEdlmanlTÏPaBnigmeF¥aVy®Kb'®Kan' k* nS®KYsareFI√matuPUminivt†ne_ TAkan'®sukyYnvij mancMnYnenAeBlenaH®bmaN10mWunnak' . eq¬øt{kasd*lÌenH evotkugsMrSge®CIserIsyuvCnyYn ekµg@EdleronsU®tecHGkßr ecHPasaExµre®CA®CH VnCae®cInJn'nak' rYc bJÇËnbJçËlsalaeyaFa . luHeronecHcb'yuTÏviFIkll∫icnigmenaKmviCÇa kumµ¨ynis†e®scVc'˘˘˘ vabMJk's&ki†CaGnuesniy®tI (s&ki†1) dl'BYkenaH ehIyk*E®bdak'eQµaHCaExµr rYcbJÇËnvil®tLb'cUlmkkan'®beTsExµrvij cat'EtgtSgCaemkan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ KWp¬as' mkCMnYsbUdUyEdlminecHPasaExµr . ®kums&ki†1enHe®tkGrNas' e®JHVnvilmksgswkcMeJHExµr Edl eBlmunmanBYkGaf·kMVMgVnnSeFI√Vtukmµvay®KYsarrbs'vakalBIvaenAekµg@ . BIrdΩFanIva"siunetan elak®bFanaFibtIGaemrikSgnicsun Edlminsal' KMnitxUcrbs'yYn VnecjbJÇae®bIkgT&ByYnxagt∫Ëg [cUlmkeFI√®btibti†kareVssMGatk~¨gEdndIExµrCMerA40K˘m˘ cab'tSgBI´f©TI30-4-70 dl' ´f©30-6-70 . {kaslÌmkdl'y"agenH yYnxagt∫ËgbJÇËnkgT&Brfe®kaH kSePI¬gFunF©n'cMnYn2mWun®VMJn'nak' cUltamcMBuHTa (ext†s√ayerog) mkrat t∫at®sukExµr, vaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµrs¬Ët®tg' edIm∫Inwgsgswk[CnCativa Edl®tUvrge®KaHedaysarVtukmµrbs'nisßitExµrenaH . TMhM´nkarsgswk enHmankMrwtelIsBIVtukmµcMnYn100dg . emIlcuH! vaVj'sm¬ab'raÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg'EdlmanTIlMenAtambeN†ay ®BMEdnExµr-yYny"agecjmux y"ag®sbc∫ab' . ®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†®Kb'Eb

GgkarCanrNa ?

29

by"ag b¬n'dwkCJÇËntamLan tamåTÏm∏aKc®k®bkbedayeCaKC&y˘˘˘ rYcva dutbMp¬ajpÊHExµrexÊc .l. dUec~Hbg˙aj[eXIjfa yYnNak*dUcCayYnNa KWCas®tUvsYrBUCrbs' ExµreyIgCanicç . BIrdΩFanIva"siunetan elak®bFanaFibtInicsun®bkasCaåLarwk faCYy saFarNrdΩExµrm†geTot . dUec~Hcab'bI´f©7-3-73 dl'´f©15-8-73 Gaem rikSgk*dwk®Kab'Ebkmksab®BYselI®beTskmı¨CacMnYn4mWunetank~¨gmYyEx @ k~¨geKalbMNgCYybJçb'sÂgam[Vnqab' . b"uEn†pʨyeTAvij dUcvayTwkbegIÌl®tI KWVn®beyaCne_ TAevotkugTSgGs' e®JHbUdUymankarBiesaFny _ "aghµt'ct' vaGaceKccakpute®KaHf~ak'Vny"a ggay . emIlcuH ! GaemrikSgCYyExµrBIrelIk˘˘˘ raÂs†Exµr®tUvrge®KaHs¬ab'Gs'cMnY n´m∏mWun (200,000) nak' . rI‰raÂs†ExµrCae®cInEsnnak'eTotEdlenAsl'BIs¬ab' k*x√HTICMrk x√HTI BMnwg . ebIrt'cUleTAkan'TI®kug c∫as'Cadac'eJHs¬ab', e®JHKµanluykak', KµanGI√nwgbriePaK, TMnijeLIg´f¬hYskMrwt˘˘˘ Guj˘˘˘ ebIedIrdl'®ckT&ly"agenH etIrt'eTA®Ck‰NaeTA ? . dUec~Hra Âs†ExµrTSgLayenaH ®tUvEtbg≈Mcit†pßge®Bgrt'cUl´®B Bwgevotkug BwgGtit Exµrevotmij . eBlenaHevotkug®sg'yk®beyaCn_ ®bkbedayeCaKC&yd* FMeFg . evotkugnigExµrGay"gyYnte®mobCYrK~aQrcSTTYlraÂs†ExµrGP&B√ TSgLayenaH edayTwkmuxjjwmsb∫ayrIkray . evotkugVn´dk*eq¬øt j¨Hjg'bEnƒmeFI√[raÂs†ExµrTSgGs'enaHyl'®cLM®BmTSgmanTIGag k*tSg duHcit†Cas®tUvcMeJHCatirbs'x¬Án . ®tUvEtsgswkcMeJHsaFarNrdΩ ®tUv EtkMeTcsaFarNrdΩ deNI†mGMNacmkf√aysem†c“vij . eBlenaHyuvCnExµrk*sµ&®Kcit†cUlbMerIva KWcUlCaeyaFay"age®cInelIslb' .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

30

evotkugcat'bMEbkeyaFaCabI®kum ®kumTI1 – kumartUc@GayuBI9eTA13q~S dak'eQµaHCa®kum®tIkJç¨H Edl manemkan'k†ab' KWGtitecar´®B…mnusßyg'X~gx√HsIlFm· . ®kumTI2 – yuvCneBjv&y s&µ®Kcit†kMeTcExµrln'-nl' deNI†mGMNac mkf√aysem†c“ mancMnYnCagbYnmWunnak' . ®kumTI3 – yuvCnEdlEf¬gkarNe_ sµaH®tg'®Vb'evotkug fax¬Ánsµ&®Kcit† kMeTcski†PUminigc®kBti† . ®kumenHmindwgcMnYneT . evotkugdwknSeTAkan'TI Gaf·kMVMg . enAcugq~S1973˘˘˘ KMeragkarTI1rbs'vaVnsMerceCaKC&yd*FMeFg e®JH eyaFa®kumTI2Gacbn†sÂgamkMeTcExµrln-nl'CMnYsvaVnehIy . evotku geFI√ButsMulaeyaFad*kMst'enaH vil®tLb'eTA®sukvavij . eBllaK~aenaH bUdUy{beyaFaExµr®khm yMs®sak'Ef¬gsMdIEpÌmlÌËkfa – ≤LËvenHmit†@ rwg´drwgeCIg manmeF¥aVy®Kb'®Kan' GacTb'Tl'cMeJHs®tUvedayx¬Án‰g VnehIy˘˘˘ mit†BMucSVc'BwgEpÌkBYkxM∆¨eToteT˘˘˘ BYkxM∆¨lasinehIy edIm∫Ieco sevogkMu[Exµrveg√g ecaTBYkxM∆¨facUlmkQ¬anJn . ebImit†®tUvkarGavuF BYk xM∆¨nwgp†l'CUn˘˘˘ ebIeTAGnaKtmit†®tUvkarBYkxM∆¨ BYkxM∆¨nwgcUlmkCYyP¬am . eBlenaHeyaFaExµr®khmk*yM, bUdUyk*yM, {bK~asMlaK~a . ExµrnigyYn yMecjTwkEP~kdUcK~a b"uEn†mann&yxusK~a®sLH . eyaFaExµr®khmyMedays†ayEbkecjBImit†d*manKuN EdlxMcMNa yeBlCYybg˙at'ce®gonyuTÏviFI ®BmTSgp†l'GavuF[®kumx¬Ány"ag®Kb'®Kan' rYcvil®tLb'eTA®sukvij´dTeT .l. cMENkevotkug, CaBiessbUdUy, vayMe®JHvae®tkGrCa´®kElg nUvmhaeCaKC&y´nKMeragkarTI2 EdlyYnhaNUyGt'Fµt'B¥ayamj¨Hjg'Bn¥ l'Exµr [yl'®cLMEbkVk'K~a k~¨gry:10q~SeTIbVnsMercCasƒaBrenAeBl enH . dUec~Hvarujk∫al[sm¬ab'K~asincuH . muneBlevotkugbJÇa[bUdUyEb kecjBIeyaFaExµr®khm, haNUydwkCJÇËnExµrEk¬gk¬aymYy®kum Cae®cIn Jn'nak' [cUlmkkan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmCMnYsva rYcrYbrYmeFI√karCamYy GtitExµrevotmijbn†sÂgamteTAeTot˘˘˘. « ®kumExµrEk¬gk¬ayenH KW®kumyuvCnGNikCnCatiyYn

EdlVneron

GgkarCanrNa ?

31

sU®tecHe®CA®CH TSgPasaTSgGkßrExµr EdleFI√matuPUminivt†nB _ Iq~S19701971 eTAkan'evotNam EdlVnduHKMnity"agmS ®tUvEtvil®tLb'cUlmk ®beTskmı¨Cavij edIm∫IsgswkcMeJHExµr . yuvCnyYnTSgLayenaH dak' eQµaHx¬ÁnCaExµr Prfax¬ÁnCaCatiExµr » . ( kkn – rhUtmkTl'bcç¨b∫n~ BYkenHVnk¬ayx¬ÁnCaemdwknSsMxan'@enAk~¨g CYrraCrdΩaPiVlcMruH …k*nigCYrkgT&BCatiExµr . BYkeKbg˚[manGMeBIclacl GMeBIBukrlYy nigKµanvin&yGI√TSgGs' . hflun-Esnminhflanb"HJl'BYkTSg Gs'enHeT sUm∫IEterameCIgk*minhflanpg . ebIBYkenHp†l'eyabl'GI√ hfluneFI√P¬am dUckUn®bedAtamEbbbT . BYkenHmanGayucen¬aHBI40eTA50q~S ) . eBlCamYyK~aenH˘˘˘ yYnhaNUyVnbJÇËn®kumExµrevotmij EdlyYn haNUyCaevotmije®CIserIs nSykeTAeronenAeb"kSgnigenAhaNUy tS gBImunq~S1954 cMnYn3Jn'nak' [nivt†cUlkmı¨Cavij bn†sÂgamCamYysaFarNrdΩExµr˘˘˘ KW[mkeFI√sÂgamCMnYsevotkug . cMENkevotkugvij vafy eTAsMrak®ct'ceg˚HQremIlExµrsm¬ab'ExµrK~a‰gy"agvk'vI . pʨyeTAvij˘˘˘ ®kumExµrenHminEdlmancit†KMnMucMeJHExµr EbrCamanstism∫CJÔ:mute®CAes~haCatieTAvij . ®kumenHeronsU®tpÊal'CamYycin pÊal'CamYyyYnhaNUy˘˘˘ k*dwgKMeragkarrbs'cin-yYn sm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr edIm∫IvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨CabJçËleTAk~¨grbbkumµ¨ynis† . dUec~H®kumExµreTIb mkdl' k*®bqSgnUvKMeragkard*sahavenH . ®kumenHniyaytva"edaysm ehtusmplfa Exµr®tUvcrcarvagExµrnigExµredIm∫IbJçb'sÂgam, edIm∫IbJŒb' karbg˙ËrQam . ®kumenHbJÇak'fa bJ˙aExµr®tUvTuk[ExµredaH®say vagExµr nigExµr .l. k~¨gq~S1973˘˘˘ KMeragkarnigkll∫icEdlevotkug®btibti†karenAk~¨g´pÊ ®sukExµr VncMerInlUtlas'elIslb'BIkare®KagTukeTAeTot . dUec~Hva®tUv EtEkT®mg'x¬H@˘˘˘ åTahrNd _ UcCaKMnithU-CImij vaxMe®CIserIsyuvCnExµr TSgExµrkmı¨Cae®kam TSgExµrkmı¨CakN†al edIm∫IbJÇËneTAeronenAeb"kSg … enAhaNUy cab'tSgBIq~S1948 nigbJÇËnCabn†@ edIm∫IGb'rMlagxYrk∫al bJçËlmenaKmviCÇarbs'va rYcEk´q~®bDit[eTACaExµrfIµ mças'TwkdIkmı¨CafIµ . enAq~S1973˘˘˘ yYnhaNUyVnTTYllTÏpld*Kab'®besIr cMeJHsƒa nkarN®_ btibti†kar´pÊk~¨g®sukExµr . dUec~HvaQb'®tUvkarExµrCMnan'hU-CImij eTotehIy . vap¬as'b†ËrEkT®mg'P¬am KW®tUvsm¬ab'ExµrFunenHecalvij .

GgkarCanrNa ?

32

KiteXIjdUec~HehIy˘˘˘ vaecjbJÇak~¨gnamGgkar edaye®bImit†sU-Pwm CaemdwknS®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg edIrB&TÏcab' Vj'sm¬ab' ®kumExµrEdleK bJÇËnmkBIeb"kSgnigmkBIhaNUy ®tUvs¬ab'Gs'CitbIJn'nak' « dUck~¨g ®kbx&NÎsmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr KWExµrevotmijenAkmı¨CakN†al k~¨gq~S1954, yYnevotmije®CIserIsnSykeTACagmYy1Jn'nak'˘˘˘ ≤LËvenH enAsl'Et55nak'b"ueNˆaH » . yYnhaNUyGnuvt†Vn®twm®tUvnUvJk¥mYy X¬afa – « karsm¬ab'G~k≤teTas ®besIrCagkarTukCIvit[s®tUv » . vabJÇa[yYneronPasaExµr GkßrExµr rYcEk¬gx¬Ánbn¬MeFI√CaExµr eFI√Camças' TwkdIkmı¨CafIµ®besIrCag . CaBiess bUdUy®tUveronsU®tPasaExµr GkßrExµr Cadac'xat˘˘˘ e®JHfaebIbUdUyNaF¬ak'elx ®tUvenAk~¨g®sukExµrrhUt ®tUvbn¬M eFI√CaExµrrhUt . yYnevotkugsMulaExµr®khmelIkenH minEmnedIrecjecal®sukExµr dUcCayYnevotmijsMulaes†csIhnukalBIq~S1954enaHeT˘˘˘ KWva®Kan'Et fyeTABYnlak'x¬ÁntambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYn-lav rYcecjbJÇaBIcm©ay bg≈M[GtitExµrevotmij dwknSeyaFaExµr®khmEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ cUl kMeTcsaFarNrdΩExµrCMnYsva . cMENkBYkva vasMrak˘˘˘ b"uEn†e®tomx¬ÁnCanicç Kµan®bEhs . tSgBIeBlenaHmk manEt®kumExµrevotmijeTEdlGaceTA CYb lu t ® k a b e d I m ∫ I T T Y lb JÇ a B I e v o t k u g p Ê a l' . d U e c ~ H , e n A e B lNa v a ® t U v e LI geTATTYlbJÇaBIemva vaEtgEtPreyaFaExµr®khmfa « ®kumva®tUveTAeronsU ®tenAGgkarelI » . sUmbJÇak'fa – « Jk¥Ggkar » cab'kMeNIttSgBIeBlenaHmkehIy KW cab'BIExsIhaq~S1973 ! . KYr[GaeNacGFm·dl'eyaFaExµr®khm Edl®sLaj'sem†c“cMnYn bYnmWunnak'enaHNas' edayBMuVndwgx¬Ánfa ®kumx¬ÁnkMBugF¬ak'cUlk~¨gGnÊak' yYnevotkugTal'EtesaH . eBlæfa

BYkembJÇakarrbs'x¬ÁneTAeronsU®t

enAGgkarelI EbrCae®tkGrNas' e®JH®Kb'@K~ayl'®cLMy"agF©n'CagF©n' edaynwksµanEteTACYbsem†c“ eTACYbexov-sMpn, hflU-nwm, hflU-yn' .l. e®JHeyaFaTSgbYnmWunnak' PaKe®cInCaG~kE®scMkar G~k®suk´®BP~M Ca G~kl©g'ex¬A minyl'sƒankarN_ KµankarBiesaFnn _ igkarBicarNa, eCOEt tamJk¥j¨Hjg'rbs'yYnevotkug . dUcmanCaåTahrNm _ Yy, yayeTog VnCYbyuvCnm~ak'eQµaHra" . enA´f©TI23-1-93 evlaem"ag1resol yuvCn

GgkarCanrNa ?

33

ra"Vnra"yra"b'®Vb'yayeTognUvkll∫icevotkugdUcteTA – kalBIExmifuna1970, eXIjevotkugcUlmkkan'PUmieJFivgß enAext† s√ayerogEdlkumarra"Vnrs'enABItUc . vaedIrGugGat'JseBjPUmi, luHevo tkugfyecjput ®sab'EtkV"l'ehaHyYnxagt∫ËgehaHmkTm¬ak'®Kab'Ebk Vj'rHbMp¬ajexÊcxIÊPUmienaHeTA . kV"l'ehaHecjput evotkugk*cUlmkvij rYcva®bmUl®bCaCnExµrTSgGs'[eTAenAkEn¬gmYyEdlvarMedaHVnrYcehIy vaerobcMVyTwk[Cnrge®KaHbriePaKy"agbribUN·˘˘˘ b"uEn†minyUrb"unµaneT ®sab'Etman®kumGaf·kMVMgcUlmkB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'y"agsahav . vasm¬ab' Etmnusßcas'@ EtvaTukCIvit[yuvCnnigekµgtUc@ . luH®kumenHecjput EbrCaeXIjevotkugdEdlvil®tLb'mkvij . va®bmUlyuvCnnigkumar nS eTAbg˙at'yuTÏviFI rYcbJçËlk~¨gkgeyaFaExµr®khm . eBlenaHkumarra"eTIbV nGayu9q~S ®tUvVnevotkugekNÎ[eTAeFI√eyaFaCamYynwgeKEdr . evotkug bJçËleTAk~¨gkg®tIkJç¨H vabMEbkekµg@Ca®kum@ manK~a15nak'k~¨gmYy®kum @ varuj[edIrmuxT&B . ´f©mYyenAk~¨gq~S1972 ®kumrbs'ra"®tUvs¬ab'Gs'14nak' sl'Etra"m~ak' ‰gKt' . ra"tk's¬¨tCax¬Sg eTIbdac'cit†pßge®Bgrt'eKcecjTal'EtVnenA rs'rhUtTal'sB√´f©enH . ra"bJÇak'eTotfa – evotkugj¨Hjg'Bn¥l'fa sÂgamenHbN†almkBI elakln'-nl'nigGaemrikSgdeNI†mGMNacBIsem†c“ .l. edaysarmUlehtuenH VnCaeyaFaExµr®khmTSgenaHduHKMnity"agmute®CA fa®tUvEtkM eTcExµrln'-nl', kMeTcc®kBti†GaemrikSg, rMedaHEdndIykmkf√aysem†c“ vijEtb"ueNˆaH . tSgBIbUdUydkfyeTAlak'x¬Ány"agenHmk, yYnevotkugcat'EcgEtgtS gKN:k kmµkarBiess lblYccUlmkkan'®sukExµrBinit¥sƒankarNs _ wk˘˘˘ dUec~HebIraÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg'NaP&n†®cLM edIreTAeXIjvaeday´cdn¥ Ggkar bJÇa[cab'raÂs†Exµrd*GP&B√enaH edayecaTfaedIrxusExße®tom . vavayeFI√ TaruNkmµy"agsahav rYcehIysm¬ab'ecaledIm∫IbMVt'Ps†¨tag . ®bCaCn Exµrrge®KaHedaysarGgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'tamrebobenHy"age®cIn .l.

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❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

34

CMBUkTI6 ‹ ®btikmµelaksWg-g"ukfaj'e®kay®Biti†karN1 _ 8mina ! ‹ elakln'-nl'cat'tSgelaksWg-g"ukfaj' CanaykrdΩmÂnI† ! ‹ ®bvti†seg≈brbs'elaksWg-g"ukfaj' ! ®btikmµelaksWg-g"ukfaj'e®kay®Biti†karN1 _ 8mina70 elaksWg-g"ukfaj'CaG~kbegI˚tclnaExµresrI .

dMNak'kalCadMbUg

´nclnaExµresrI KWkarJr®bCaCnExµrPaKticEdlrs'enArV"t'rV"y≤tTIBw gdUcCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kamCaedIm . k~¨gq~S1970 clnaExµresrImankgT&BcMnYn3mWunnak' .

e®kay®Bwti†karN´_ f©18mina70, elaksWn-g"ukfaj'TTYl

Bt·mand*c∫as'karNf _ a ®beTsExµrekItsÂgam KWbUdUyCae®cInmWunnak'e®bI yIehaExµr®khm enAelIedIm®TUgJk'rUbes†csIhnuE®skCeyasem†c“ rYc elatvaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl'EdlCamças'TwkdIBit@ . ®sab'EtenA´f©27-4-70, elaksWn-g"ukfaj'TTYlBt·manc∫as'karNm _ keTotfa bUdUyecjmuxeBjTIvaykMeTcsm¬ab'Exµr . enAeQIexµAext† kN†al bUdUyrukrancUly"agelOnF¬aymkdl'taexµArhUtdl'k∫alf~l' .l. dUec~HelaksWn-g"ukfaj'sMercCabnÊan'®tUvEtbJÇËnkgT&BExµr edIm∫ICY ykarJrTwkdI . bJÇËnelIkTImYyenA´f©TI30-4-70 . bnÊab'mkelakTTY lBt·manmkfa enA´f©TI15-6-70 bUdUyCae®cInmWunk∫alecjmuxvaykMeTc sm¬ab'ExµrenAext†kMBg'FM . eBlenaHc∫SgTl'tYnwgkgT&BCatiExµr . dUec~H elaksWn-g"ukfaj'bJÇËnkgT&BExµredIm∫ICYykarJrTwkdIm†geTot . bJÇËn elIkTI2enA´f©TI30-6-70 . bnÊab'mkeTot, elaktamdanseg˚tdwgc∫as'fasÂgamk~¨g®sukExµrKW yYnCaevotkugvaykMeTcsm¬ab'ExµrsahavCagsahav

elakQb'raErk

GgkarCanrNa ?

35

elaksMerceFI√Blikmµlb'clnaExµresrI rYcelak®bmUlkgT&BExµresrITS gGs'bJÇËncUlkan'®sukExµrCaelIkTI3enA´f©TI9-9-70 ®bKl'CUnelak ln'-nl' rYcsMercdak'eQµaHfa « Em"kh√&k » ( MIKE FORCE ) . ebIeyIge®bobeFobelaksWn-g"ukfaj'nigelakln'-nl'elakTSgBIr enHmanÚkJr®bhak'®bEhlK~a . elaksWn-g"ukfaj'Camnusßh~wgh~r mi necHxwg®ceLat elakniyayticb"uEn†mann&yTUlMTUlay elakmincMNa yeBlelgesIc elakminEdl®b®Bwt†GI√[xUc®beyaCnC _ atieLIy . k~¨g mYyCIvitrbs'elak elakeFI√BlikmµlHbg'kicçkarpÊal'x¬ÁnedIm∫ICatiCanicç . ®beTskmı¨CaeyIgCMnan'enaH manelaksWn-g"ukfaj'xMkarJrksagCa tiBIVt´dTeTenAe®kA®beTs . elakTSgBIrnak'CavIrCnExµr manstism∫ CÇJÔ:es~haCatiBit@ . elakTSgBIrnak'KµanKMnitrevIrvaycg'dwknS®beTs CatinigraÂs†Exµr[cuHj"meFI√CaxM∆¨kJÇHbreTsNamYyeT ! . KYr[s†ayNas' ®Bwti†karN´_ f©TI18mina70ekIteLIgyWteBlNas' eTAehIy, e®JHeBlenaHbUdUykan'kab'TwkdIExµrGs'cMnYn2PaK3eTAehIy . åTahrNd _ UcCaeyIgrg'cSTwkCMnn' eLIglicdMbUlpÊHeTAehIyeTIbnSK~a®b ev®bvarkTICMrk k*k¬aydl'nUvesckI†vinashinehacdl'TIsgÙwmEtm†g . enAExmina1972, elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'cat'EtgtSgelaksWn-g"u kfaj'CanaykrdΩmÂnI† . enAExkJÔa1970 elaksWn-g"ukfaj'manebIkGg®bCMumYyenATI®kugeJ Fisat' elakxMBn¥l'raÂs†ExµreGayyl'nUvsÂgam EdlkMBugekIteLIgy"a gsIusac'hutQamK~ay"agenH KWeyIgc∫SgCamYyGaTmiLEdlCayYnevot kug mUlehtuenHeTIbelaksMerclb'clnaExµresrI rYcelak®bmUlkgT&B ExµresrITSgGs'nSykmk®bKl' CUnelakesna®bmuxln'-nl'edIm∫Ikar JrTwkdIExµrvij . eBlenaHmansaÂs†acar¥m~ak' k~¨gnamraÂs†Exµrext†eJFisat' e®kakeLI gsMusYrelaksWn-g"ukfaj'fa ehtudUcem†cVnCaelakminQreQµaHCaeb k≈Cn®bFanaFibtI ? elaksWn-g"ukfaj'jjwm®BmTSgeqI¬yBn¥l'EvkEjkfa – G~kes~ha CatiminEmnmanEtelak®bFanaFibtIeT ! G~kkarJrksagCatik*minEmnman Et®bFanaFibtIEdr ! KW®tUvmaneyIgral'K~arYbrYmsamKIy"agesµaH®tg'Gs'BI dYgcit†

CYyelakeTIbGackarTwkdICatisasnaVnKg'vg'˘˘˘ « dUcmanJk¥

GgkarCanrNa ?

36

bUraNmYyEdlVnEcgfa G~kmanrkßaxßt' dUcsMBt'B&TÏBIe®kA G~k®VC∆rkßa ex¬A dUcsMeBAnUvsMV"n˘˘˘ » . elaksWn-g"ukfaj'bJÇak'bEnƒmfa – x¬Ánrbs'elaknigelakesna®b muxln'-nl'dUcmnusßEtm~ak' . elakesna®bmuxhflaneFI√Blikmµ®Kb'Ebb y"ag edIm∫IkarJrTwkdI Cati sasnaenAk~¨g®beTs˘˘˘ cMENkelak@sµ&®K cit†bMerIenAe®kA®beTs . enAq~S1972, yUnhaNUybJÇabUdUy[vaykMeTc bMp¬aj®sukExµredayykels facUlmkCYysem†csIhnu . dUec~Helak ®tUvEteFI√Blikmµ®Kb'Ebby"ag edIm∫ICYyelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' karJr Cati TwkdI nigsasna . luHelaksWg-g"ukfaj'Ef¬gcb'nUvJk¥eBcnd _ *manx¬wmsarenHehIy ®b CaraÂs†ExµrTH´dækgrMBg sresIrmindac'BImat' ekr†ei_ QµaHrbs'elakæl∫I suHsay j¨Sg[namWunBukrlYyEdlGg¨ycSEtertamx¥l'enACMuvijelak esna®bmux Tas'cit† manesckI†Vrm∏ nig®cENnQ~anis . BYkenHk*begI˚tXatkrGaf·kMVMgmYy®kum[tamsm¬ab'elak . ´f©mYy ®kumXatkrlbBYnEk∫rvSgxagekItvalemru lYcVj'sm¬ab'elak Et®Kab' kSePI¬gk*®ClYseTA®tUvGgrkßrbs'elaks¬ab'P¬amenAnwgkEn¬g . luHelak ®tLb'mkkan'TIlMenArbs'elakvij yb' enaHelakGg¨ybJŒrCgg' yk ´d®Tcg˚aTl'P¬W . elak®s´meXIjeLIgvijnUvGnusßavrIyT _ SgGs' Edl elakxMeFI√BlikmµedIm∫Ikmı¨Ca‰kraC¥ dUckalBIq~S1943 elakmanesckI†k¬a handwknS®BHsgÙnigraÂs†Exµr eFI√VtukmµedjVrSg CaehtueFI√[VrSgrk cab'x¬Ánelak elakk*rt'eKceTA®CksMNak'enA‰®beTsCb"un . enA´f©TI9-5-1945 elakVnvil®tLb'mkkan'®beTskmı¨Cavij . ´f© TI6-10-1945 es†csIhnuyl'®Bm[VrSgcab'x¬Ánelak eTAkan'ext†B&r eT¥r´_ n®beTsVrSg Gs'ry:eeBl6q~S . enA´f©TI20-10-1951 VrSg®b Kl'esrIPaB[elak elakk*vil®tLb'cUlmkkan'®beTskmı¨Cam†geTot . mkdl'matuPUmiP¬am

elakbegI˚tsarBt·manmYyeQµaH « Exµre®kak » edIm∫I

das'etOnraÂs†Exµr[e®kakeLIgrYbrYmcgVc'K~aedjVrSg . e®kayenaHmk bni†c ®kumraCvSgXubXitCamYyVrSgbwTkaEstenaH rYceKbMrugcab'x¬Ánela km†geTot . elakdwgx¬ÁnTan'k*rt'ePosx¬ÁneTAkan'P~MdgErk enA´f©TI9-31952 cUlrYbrYmCamYy®kumExµr≤sßr : e d I m ∫ I v a y k M e T c e d j V r S g T a m T a r kmı¨Ca‰kraC¥ .

GgkarCanrNa ?

37

®beTskmı¨CaVn‰kraC¥bribUN·enA´f©TI9-11-1954 elaksWg-g"uk faj'erobcMx¬ÁncUlmkrYbrYmk~¨gsgmCatiEdr b"uEn†es†csIhnueCOGamIuGaefa gCMTas'minTTYl . elakjjwmedIrcakecjBIkmı¨Ca Tuk[Gs'elak . elakmanvicarNJÔaNKitdl'GnaKt´n®bCaCnExµrPaKtic Edlrs'enArV"t'rV"yk~¨g®beTsesom nigmYyPaKFMenAkmı¨Cae®kam‰eNaH dUckUnkM®J . dUec~Hkal eNaH CYnkalelaksMNak'enAkmı¨Cae®kam edIm∫IrkmeF¥aVyCYykarJr ®bCaCnExµrkM®JGs'TSgenaH . luHdl'q~S1958 eTIbelakcab'epI†mbegI˚tclnaExµresrI BIVt´dTeT KµanGI√CaFnFanTal'EtesaH . elakmanesckI†k¬ahaneFI√Blikmµ®Kab'Ebb y"ag sMGageTAelIesckI†es~haCatid*mutEdlecjBIebHdUgd*esµaH®tg' Bit®Vkdrbs'elakCaKMrUEtb"ueNˆaH . CadMbUgmanK~aEt140nak'˘˘˘ bn†@mkelakbegI˚tVnkgT&BExµresrIenA ®beTs´fVnCae®cInrynak'˘˘˘ luHe®kaymkelakyl'fa sƒankarNr_ va g´fnigExµr KµanGI√KYr[®BYyVrm∏eT elakk*ecjbJÇa[emkgT&BExµresrI enA®beTs´fnSkgT&BTSgGs' sMucuHcUlraCkarP~MeBjcuH . cMENkelak elakxM®bwgB®gwgB®gIkkgT&BExµresrIsiƒtenAkmı¨Cae®kam [Vnrwgbwugnig s√its√aj . kaleNaH eTaHes†csIhnuE®skeCr®beTctamviT¥¨ecaTfa k∫t'y"agNa k*elaksWg-g"ukfaj'minEdleqI¬ytbTal'EtesaH . enAeBlNaEdlG~kkaEstsYrelak elakeqI¬yfa – G~kes~haCati mincSVc'GYtGageT˘˘˘ eyIgxMEteFI√kar[esµaH®tg'cMeJHCati muxCaEP~k´n ®bCaCnExµrsm¬wgeXIj˘˘˘ eKGacyl', eKnwgKS®T, eKnwgeqI¬yCMnYseyIg Caminxan . elaksWg-g"ukfaj'nwkerOgGtitkaldl'®twmeNH elakk*®KvIk∫aldM GUjfa «{bgbÌËnExµreGIy ! dMNak'kary"agenHeTAehIy critenAdEdl! » . emIlcuHelIkTI1 elakxMtsflU®Kb'Ebby"ag

luH®taEtkmı¨CaVn‰kraC¥

d*bribUN· . edaysarEtcrit®cENnninÊaQ~anisK~a eTIbelak®tUvcakecjecal®beTskmı¨Ca rhUtdl'elakbegI˚tVnclnaExµresrI . ≤LËvenH®beTsExµrkMBug®tUvrge®KaHy"agF©n'´®kElg e®JHKUbdibk≈Ed l®tUvvaykMeTc®beTsExµr KWyYnhaNUyEdlrg'cS{kasenHyUrehIy edIm∫Ie®bIyIehaExµr®khm edayykelsfa mkCYyes†csIhnu .

GgkarCanrNa ?

38

{eTvtaeGIy ! eFI√y"agdUcem†ceTA ? EtedIm∫ICIvitrbs'elak elak®tUv EtcakecjBI®beTskmı¨Cam†geTotCadac'xat . ®BwkEsÌkelaksWg-g"ukfaj'k*cUleTACYbelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' sMulaQb'ecjBImuxdMENgnaykrdΩmÂnI†TI1 . elakbnßl'kgT&BExµres rITSgGs'cMnYn3mWunnak' EdlelakxMtsflUxMbegI˚ty"aglMVk Tuk[enACYy ®beTsExµr . elaksMup†SnigBn¥l'elakesna®bmuxfa – « kgT&BExµresrI manstism∫CÇJÔ:es~haCatiBit@ KWtSgBIkekIteLIgsµ&®Kcit†bMerICatimin EdlTamTar®Vk'Ex minBukrlYyeT mansamKIy"agrmYt . ®kumenHdUcst√ x¬a b"uEn†minEdlsal'…sIusac'eT ! ®tUv®by&t~kMubgab'[x¬aenHsIusac' ! . CaBiesselakFM@CaembJÇakar ®tUvmanyuti†Fm· ®tUvsal't´m¬®kumenH . e®JH®kumenHmanÚkJeqIµg minecHlut®kab minecHEGbGb minecHbeJIçc beJIçeT b"uEn†Ep~kvayswkmankarBiesaFny _ "ag®Kb'®Kan' sÊat'CMnaj rwgbwu g®BmTSgsal'c∫as'las'nUvkll∫icxµSg KWbUdUy . ®kumenHecHbMeBj krNIkicçnigPar:kicçy"ageBjelj dwgc∫as'fax¬ÁnCaTahan ®tUvEtkMeTc xµSgedIm∫IkarJrCati TwkdI nigsasna . CasrubesckI†eTA ebIembJÇakarecHdwg eKGacnwgTTYlpld*Kab'®besIrVn » . elaksWg-g"ukfaj'p†SepI∆sB√®Kb'rYcehIy elakk*{belakesna®bmuxln'-nl' sMulaeTAkan'®beTsevotNamxagt∫Ëg KWkmı¨Cae®kam . elak cakecjBI®beTskmı¨Ca cakecjBIelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' cakecjBI kgT&BExµresrIrbs'elakcMnYn3mWunnak' eTAEtVt´dTeTCamYyGgrkßrbs'elakeQµaHfac'-eTOg enAExtulaq~S1972 . ❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

39

CMBUkTI7 ‹ ®btikmµBI®bCaBlrdΩExµre®kay®Bwti†karN1 _ 8mina70 ! ‹ raCkarExµrmineGIeBInwgCIvPaBraÂs† ! ‹ GMeBIBukrlYyEp~kkgT&B ! ‹ karsm¬ab'elakfac'-Ca ! ‹ elaksuTÏ-b"Ulin®tUvrt'ecal®suk ! ®btikmµBI®bCaBlrdΩExµre®kay®Bwti†karN1 _ 8mina70! enA´f©TI18-3-1970 evlaem"ag1resol ®bCaBlrdΩExµr®Kb'Can'f~ak' ®Kb'vNˆ: mankarP∆ak'rMePIbjab'j&rmYyEP¬t e®JHminsµanTal'EtesaHfa ®beTsExµrEbreTACaman®Bwti†karNT _ m¬ak'sem†csIhnu BItMENg®bmuxrdΩ y"agenH . b"uEn†raÂs†ExµrcUlcit†rs'enAedays©b'es©øm minecHk∫t' …riHKn'elakFM @ EdlCaemdwknS®beTsCatieT . em@dwknScg'eFI√GI√k*eFI√eTAcuH e®JH®bCa raÂs†ExµrPaKe®cInminykcit†Tukdak'xagEp~kneyaVyeLIy . ra®s†nigna mWunminsUvmankarTak'TgCitditrvagK~anigK~aeT . emIlcuH ! ®KYsarNamankUnBI10eTA14nak'k*eday˘˘˘ ciJçwmx¬Án‰gcuH ! raCkarKµaneGIeBInwknaåbtƒm∏GI√eT . ®KYsarNacg'[kUneron nSeTAcuH˘˘˘ ®KYsarNanSkUneTAsIuQ~Ál …nSeTAlk'[eFI√xM∆¨kJÇHeK k*nSeTAcuH . ebIkUnQW ®KYsarG~kman®TB¥nSkUneTArkeBT¥Q~Áledayx¬Án‰g

cMENk‰®KY-

sarG~k®kxßt' ciJçwmkUnrs'edaypßge®BgsMNagTSgGs', raCkarKµaneGI eBIeLIy . dUec~HraÂs†ExµrEdlsucrit KitEtBI®bkbrbrksikmµ KWkab'Kas' dSduH edIm∫IrkePaKplmkciJçwm®KYsartamykfakmµEtb"ueNˆaH . mUlehtuenH eBlraÂs†ExµrTTYldMNwgfaelakln'-nl'Tm¬ak'sem†c sIhnu ®bCaBlrdΩExµrTUTSg®beTs Edlrs'enAk~¨gtMbn'saFarNrdΩ man

GgkarCanrNa ?

40

karesaks†aysem†cEtmYyEP¬tb"ueNˆaH rYcehIyk*bMeP¬ceTA . ®Kb'@K~ama nlMnwgnwgnr xMkab'Kas'dSduH xMrs'sIuciJçwm®KYsarvijeTA . m"¥agvijeTot ®bCaBlrdΩExµrsal'elakln'-nl'y"agc∫as'las' ma nesckI†sgÙwmnigTukcit†elIelak . elakCavIrCnd*sÌatsÌM, elakmanstism∫CJÔ:es~haCati, elakesµaH ®tg'cMeJHCati, elakEfmTSgKitcg'rMedaHkmı¨Cae®kameTotpg. elakminecH GYtGag minecHxwg®ceLat elakminsUvVnevahaeT . elakmanedImkMeNItBIraÂs†Fmµta muxCaelaknSmknUvyuti†Fm·CUnraÂs†ExµrCaminxan . b"uEn†CaerOgKYr[s†ayNas' e®JH®Bwti†karN´_ f©18mina 1970 vayWteBlNas'eTAehIy, yYnhaNUyCaevotkugVnkan'kab'Twk dIExµrGs'2PaK3rYceTAehIy . m"¥agvijeToteBlelakln'-nl'eLIgCa emdwknSExµr rUbelak®tUveraKaJFebotebony"agF©n' minGnuJÔat[elakbMeBjkrNiykicçVnditdl' [VneBjelj bN†al[®kumnamWunBukrlY yeq¬øt{kasB&TÏelakCMuCit . rI‰elakG~ksÌatsÌMminGaccUlCYbelakCMrabkarBitVneLIy . ebIelakG~kNahflancUlCYbCMrabkarBit KW®tUv®kumva sm¬ab' manåTahrNx _ ¬H@dUcteTA – manvresniyeTam~ak'eQµaH daj'-dU CatiExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . elakCaecA h√ay®suk®takUv ext†®tavij kmı¨Cae®kam . elakdwgnigyl'c∫as'fa s Âgamk~¨g®sukExµreBlenH KWedImehtubN†almkBIyYnhaNUyCaevotkug vaGnuvt†tambN†SexµachU-CImijEdlfa – « ®tUvEtB¥ayamykTwkdIkmı¨Ca edIm∫IB®gIkbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin » . dUec~HelakvresniyeTasuxcit†rt' ecalmuxtMENg rt'ecalbuN¥s&ki†d*åt†¨gåt†m lHbg'ecal®KYsar sµ&®K cit†bUCaCIvit eFI√BlikmµmkCYyrMedaHTwkdIExµr . kaleNaHelakesna®bmux ln'-nl'TTYlelaky"agrIkray ®BmTSgbMJk's&ki†dEdlCUnelakvij E®beQµaHCa daj'-vDÛna rYccat'EtgtSgelakCaembJÇakarkgvresnaFM . elakdaj'-vDÛnasµ&®Kcit†nST&BecjeTATb'Tl'cMeJHxµSgCanicç . elak l∫IeQµaHBIerOgttbcMeJHxµSg TTYlC&yCMnHd*Kab'®besIr . kaleNaH xµSgKWyYnhaNUyCabUdUye®bIyIehaExµr®khm . ekr†ei_ QµaHelakdaj'-vDÛnaj¨Sg[emT&BEdlJk's&ki†eBjelIsµa Gg¨ yEtk~¨gkariyal&ycSertamx¥l' ekItkI†®cENnQ~anis .

GgkarCanrNa ?

41

man´f©mYy, kgT&Brbs'elakdaj'-vDÛnakMBugCab'´dsÌitvayCamYy bUdUyenACYrP~M®bsiTiÏ eBlenaHkgT&BCitGs'®Kab' elakeFI√dMeNIrcUlkan' rdΩFanIP~MeBj edIm∫IsMubEnƒm®Kab'rMesv . ®sab'EtelakFMTTYlxus®tUvxag e®KOgsaÂs†avuF EbrCaTar´f¬TwkEtsin˘˘˘ manJk¥ccamGaramfa Tar50mWun erol . elakdaj'-vDÛnaP∆ak'swgEtsn¬b' e®JHelakBMudwgCaeTArkluyd* e®cInelIslb'enHenA‰Na . elakQr{b´dKitfa KYr[QWcit†Nas'˘˘˘ elakxMb†ËrCIvitmkCYykmı¨Ca suxcit†lHbg'cakecal®KYsar muxgarnigbuN¥s&ki†Bit@ mkJk's&ki†vresniyeTa EdlenA®sukExµrCas&ki†eKTijJk' e®Jg®JtedIreBjEtpßar . nwkeXIjsB√®Kb' elakmYem"Ak*THkMeP¬øgåt†m esniym~ak'EdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUvbrik≈aTSgenaH ®BmTSgbJÇak'fa – enH 50mWunerolTTYlyksincuH ! . elakdaj'-vDÛnaGP&B√manerOgdEdl@2dgeTot . bnÊab'BIerOgTI3 elakk*VnTTYllixitmYyc∫ab'BIkariyal&y®bmuxrdΩ Edlmanhtƒelxa pÊal'´drbs'elakesna®bmuxpg bJŒb'pÌakelakmin[eFI√karteTAeTot . kaleNaHk~¨grdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩExµr kgT&BEdlmancMnYn®Kb'®twm ®tUv edayKuNbMNac'sÂgam EdlVnTTYlkarGb'rMEp~kyuTÏsaÂs†y"ag ®twm®tUv ecHcat'EcgmanT®mg'®besIr mankarBiesaFnd _ *®Kb'®Kan' Edll∫I ecHc∫SgtTl'cMeJHxµSg ®BmTSgsal'kll∫icxµSg CaBiesssal'nig eKarBkrNiykicç – KWyl'faeFI√Tahan®tUvhflanBlikmµCIvit edIm∫IkarJrCa ti TwkdI sasna ®BmTSgmansµartIrwgbwug tsflUsi√ts√aj KWkgT&BEm"kh√&kß GtItkgT&BExµresrI EdlmancMnYn3mWunnak', hflanlHbg'ecal®KYsar s&µ®K cit†eFI√BlikmµbUCasac'QammkCYykarJr®beTskmı¨Ca manekr†ie_ QµaHl∫I l∫ajGsçar¥ TTYleCaKC&yswg®Kb'smrPUmi KY[mansgÙwm . kgT&BenH mankMhusmYytUcKWminecHlut®kab EGbGb beJIçcbeJIçr EteKarBkrNiykicçkMeTcxµSgKWyYnbUdUy edIm∫IkarJrTwkdI Cati sasnaEtb"ueNˆaH . mUlehtuenHj¨Sg[emT&BenAkmı¨CakN†almineBjcit† EfmTSgekIt esckI†®cENn . emIlcuHkgT&BEm"kh√&kßCab'´ds√itkMBugkMeTcxµSg Cit Gs'®Kb'rMesv k*cat'tMNagcUlkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjsMuCMnYy ®sab'EtGs' elakEdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUvEp~kbrik≈aTSgenaH EbrCaTar´f¬TwkEt50mWun eroleTAvij . emIlcuH ! eKcab'epI†mbgab'x¬a[ecHsIusac'ehIy ! . bJ˙ad*sµ¨KsµajrebobenHekItmanelIgCajwkjab' eTIbmanelakvres

GgkarCanrNa ?

42

niyeTad*ekµgm~ak'eQµaH elakGt'®TSminVnnwgGMeBIGyuti†Fm· Gs'TSgenH . elakk*cUleTAkan'kariyal&ybrik≈aTSgenaH ehIyhflansI† benÊasåt†mesniyx¬HEdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUv . ®BwkEsÌkelakk*®bfuy CIvitcUleTACYbelakesna®bmuxln'-nl' edIm∫IraykarNC _ MraberOgTSg Gs'enH . eq¬øt{kasCMrabbEnƒmBIerOgTMnijnanaeLIg´f¬BI1eTA100 eTIb elakdwgfakgvresnatUcnimYy@ manEtemTahancMENk‰kUnTahanmin ®Kb'cMnYneT . e®kaybni†cmk edaynamWunBukrlYymanK~ae®cInelIslb' vak*j¨Hjg'[kUnsisßeFI√Vtukmµ rkelsepßg@ edIm∫Ivaysm¬ab'elakvr esniyeTad*ekµgnigd*k¬ahanenH . BYkvaVnsMercKMeragkarN_ edaysm¬a b'elakVnenAkN†alTI®kugP~MeBjna´f©TI4 mifuna q~S1974 rYcehIyvaeVH exµacelakvresniyeTaecaleTAk~¨gTen¬bYnmuxeTA . elakvresniyeTa fac'-Ca ®tUvBYknamWunBukrlYysm¬ab'Vt'eTA rI‰bg bÌËnmit†Pki†rbs'elakminhflanehIbmat'eT e®JHx¬acGMNac®kumBukrlYy tamB¥aVT . eBlenaHelak suTÏ-b"Ulin cagh√agkaEstnKrFM ( kkn – elaksuTÏ b"Ulin®tUvCamit†Pki†y"agCits~iTÏCamYyelakfac'-Ca ehIyCaG~kVndwgerOg ra"vTSgGs'enHy"agc∫as'las' ) manesckI†k¬ahan eFI√BlikmµsresrEvk EjknUvXatkmµd*sahavminEdlmank~¨g®bvti†saÂs† ´ns~a´d®kumnamWunBu krlYy cuHk~¨gkaEstnKrFM elxBiessmYy Edlmane®cInTMB&r . ®kumBu krlYyykkarNd _ wg vabMrugcab'x¬Ánelak elakk*beJçjkaEstlk'pßay mun´f©kMNt' rYcelakcakecjBI®sukrhUtmkdl'sB√´f©enH . elakfac'-Ca®tUveKsm¬ab'Vt'eTA, elaksuTÏ-b"Uli n®tUvrt' ecal®suk, namWunsÌatsÌMeTACaKSgmat'KµanhflankMerIk . ®kumnamWunBukrlYyk*B&TÏelak ln'-nl'y"agCMuCit . tSgBIeBlenaHmk elakesna®bmuxElgVnTTYl Bt·manGI√BitTal'EtesaH . ®kumBukrlYyCaBiessEp~kkgT&Bcab'epI†meFI√ CMnYj KWlk'elxkgvresnatUc lk'buN¥s&ki†k~¨gq~S1974-1975 KWåbmaebImanembJÇakarNam~ak's¬ab' eKcat'karlk'eQµaH s&ki† kgvresnatUc enaHP¬am . enAkaleNaH tMNagraÂs† saÂs†acar¥ ®KUbe®gon emXMurt'eca lkEn¬gEbrCaeTATijs&ki†Jk'e®Jg®Jt . etIJk's&ki†nSTahaneTAkMcat' xµSg… ?˘˘˘ eT ! eT ! minEmnnSTahaneTAvayxµSgeT . emIlcuHelakembJÇakarTijs&ki†Jk'eBjelIsµa rYccab'cat'EcgeFI√bJIÇ

GgkarCanrNa ?

43

kUnTahanEdlmanEteQµaH manEtrUbft KµanmnusßeT edIm∫IebIkluyecj BIX¬SgykeTAsg´f¬kgvresnatUc sg´f¬s&ki†Edlx¬ÁnVnTij˘˘˘ manelakx¬HJk's&ki†eBjelIsµa EteTAGg¨yrt'BnÏeTAvij . luHGMeBI BukrlYyKµan®BMEdnk~¨gkgT&BekItmaneLIgk~¨grebobenaH bN†al[luy kak'kan'EtefakeTA@ e®JHQ~Álcineq¬øt{kasenaHKitEtBIBWttemI¬g´f©TMni j®kWt@ . åTahrNk _ alBIq~S1970 sac'®CUkmYyKILË´f¬12erol, KuyTavmYy can´f¬5erol, Gg˚rmYyVvTm©n'100KILË´f¬300erol . enAq~S1975 sac' ®CUkmYyKILË´f¬1250erol, KuyTavmYycan´f¬500erol, Gg˚rmYyVvTm©n' 100KILË´f¬35,000erol . dUec~HTMnijTUeTAeLIg´f¬Cag100dg . elak ln'-nl'KµandwgGI√Tal'EtesaH . eBlenaHG~krdΩkarsÌatsÌMs¬Ët®tg'cMeJH Cati dl'eBldac'eJHs¬ab' e®JH®Vk'ExTijEtGg˚rmYyVvmin®Kb'pg . ®Kb'@K~aeq¬øteBlciJçwmman' Ta ®CUk . cMENkelakFM@dUcCaelakrdΩmÂnI† elakåt†mesniy elakvresniy eTa elakvresniy‰k elakvresniy®tI elaksaÂs†acar¥ elakvis√kr elakevCÇbNiÎt nig®KUeBT¥CaedIm k~¨g®kbx&NÎBit@EdleFI√karbMerICatita mbecçkeTserog@x¬Ány"agsucritenaH minGac®b®Bwt†nUvGMeBIBukrlYydUc namWunCMnan'fIµ KWelatminTan'eK k*F¬ak'Twkcit†Gs'sgÙwm k*duHcit†revIrvay Gg¨yrg'cSertamx¥l'vij . ®Kb'@K~ayl'®cLMy"agF©n'CagF©n'fa rbbNak* edayeK®tUvkarG~kecHdwg EdlmanbecçkeTsy"ag®Kb'®Kan' eTaHbIsem†c sIhnu Edlmanelakexov-sMpnKS®TdeNI†mVnGMNacBIelakln'-nl' vil®tLb'mk®Kb'®Kg®beTskmı¨Cavijk*eday kicçkarrdΩ®tUvEtF¬ak'mkelI ®kumx¬ÁndEdl . emIlcuH ! elakFM@TSgenaHmindwgx¥l'Tal'EtesaH kar BitsÂgamenHmanKUbdib&k≈Gaf·kMVMg KW®kumGatitExµrevotmij nigbUdUyCa e®cInmWunnak' Edlbn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khm …e®bIyIehasem†c“‰eNaHeTA vijeT . manelakFM@mYyPaKeBlenaH ®tUvTTYlevraKWkmµpl e®JHelakF¬ab' Gg¨yertamx¥l' rYceVkExµr≤sßr: manelaksWg-g"ukfaj', elakdabQYn, elakekA-tk'CaedIm . emIlcuH ! BIq~S1945dl'1953 elakdab-QYnnigelakekA-tk'Caem dwknSExµr≤sßr: elakTSgBIrnak'sMNak'enAEtk~¨g´®B ®tUvmusTakxS xMtsflU

GgkarCanrNa ?

44

®bqSgedjVrSg luH®taEtnKrExµrVn‰kraC¥bribUN·enA´f©TI9-11-53 . nKrkmı¨CaVn‰kraC¥P¬am ®kumExµr≤sßr:s sMucuHcUlk~¨gsgmExµredIm∫Iksag kmı¨CafIµTSgGs'K~a . eBlenaHelakFM@EdlGg¨yrg'cSertamx¥l' EdlecH Etlut®kab k*VnsMercTTYleCaKC&yEmn . ®Kb'@K~aVneLIgs&ki† rYcbMeP¬ cKuNG~ktsflU minecHGt'{nGnue®KaHGb'rMK~a edIm∫ITukCYykarJr®beTseTA GnaKteT EbrCamancrit®cENnE®kgeKl∫ICagx¬Án k*nSK~aecaTG~ktsflUfa CaG~kk∫t'Cati rYcehIyk*elIkT&BeTAB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'ecalexÊc . ( erOgeKB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'elakdab-QYnenAq~S1959 edayecaTfak∫t' enaH xM∆¨mindwgfaCaerOgBit…eT˘˘˘ sUmbgbÌËnExµremt†aBicarNaedayx¬Án‰g cuH b"uEn†karBitenaH dUcCarUbelaksWg-g"ukfaj'k*eKmin[cUl®sukEdr ) . b"uEn†xM∆¨s†ayGs'elakTSgenaHNas' Edlbg˚erOgeQ¬aHK~aEtCamYy ExµrK~a‰g EdlCaG~kbMerIExµrBit@ . cMENk‰ExµrGay"gbMerIyYnhaNUyKW GtitExµrevotmij EdlCas®tUvsIusac'hutQamrbs'Exµr EdlCaG~ksm¬a b'bMVt'BUCExµr KµanelakFMExµrTSgGs'enaHmansmtƒPaB®sav®CavrkeXIj …eFI√[®kumk∫t'CatiBit@enaH®BWeramvaeLIy . emIlcuH ! e®kaysni~siThßWENvk~¨gExkk˚daq~S1954 EdlVnsMerc [evotmijdkfyecjBI®beTsExµr yYnhaNUyCaevotmijeq¬øteBlenaH sMrSge®CIserIsExµrevotmijcMnYn1,000nak' nSykeTACamYy edIm∫IbMJk' eKalCMhrkumµ¨ynis†[VnqÌineqÌA . cMENk4Jn'nak'eTot vabnßl'TukJ seBj®sukExµr edIm∫IeFI√CaExßry:eeTAGnaKt . vabJÇa[rMlay®kumcUl sm©MQwgk~¨gTIggit rg'cSeBlevlalÌmkdl' . ( vaKµancUlsMucMNuHk~¨g sgmExµr‰kraC¥eT) . manembJÇakarmYyPaK®sLaj'nigesµaH®tg'cMeJH Cati Kµansfl˜u®KlMuCamYybnBukrlYyeT . elakEtgEtnST&BeTATb'Tl'CamYyxµSg˘˘˘ b"uEn†cab'tSgBIcugeq~S1973mk k~¨gsmrPUminimYy@eKeXIjEtexµac ExµrJseBj´®B mineXIjexµacbUdUydUceBlmun@eT . dUec~HmanGarmµN_ rvatcit†cg'Qb'bn†sÂgam e®JHmincg'eXIjQambgbÌËnExµrhUteTA´f©mux eTot . cMENk‰raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkar eBlenaHk*KµaneXIjGI√Eb¬kBICMnan'mun mkCMnan'e®kay KWeXIjEtbEnƒmTm©n'Caerogral'´f© k*E®bcit†revIrvay ehIy k*nwkfa ebIVnsem†c“Edlmanelakexov-sMpnCaemExµr®khmKS®T Vn vil®tLb'mk®Kb'®Kg'®beTsExµrvij®besIrNas' .

GgkarCanrNa ?

45

emIlcuHenAeBlenaH ! ®bCaBlrdΩExµrTUeTATSgraÂs†TSgnamWunG~krdΩkar®Kb'@Ep~k ®Kb'Can'f~ak' TSgTahan TSgsIuvil yl'®cLMy"agF©n'Cag F©n' edaysµanfaP~k'ePI¬gsÂgamenH KWExµrln'-nl'm≈agc∫SgCamYyExµrsIhnuexovsMpnm≈ageTot . ®bCaBlrdΩExµrmindwgTal'EtesaHfa manKUbdi b&k≈Gaf·kMVMgBYnlak'x¬Ánk~¨gTIggit lYce®bIyIehaExµr®khm lYce®bIyIehasem†csIhnu rg'cS{kaslÌeTIbvae®kakeLIgm†gmYydMNak'@ bn¬Msm¬ab'bMVt'BUCExµr . etInrNaCaKUbdib&k≈Gaf·kMVMgenH ? KWGtitevotmijEdlyYnhaNUyCaevotkugCaemdwknS CaG~kp†l'GavuF[®Kb'Fun ®BmTSgma nbUdUyCag1Esnnak' e®tomx¬Ánrg'cSp†l'km¬Sgsm©at' EdlCakm¬SgGmt: EdlvamanGavuF®besIrCagExµreyIg vamanExßry :EEtmYyKt'y"ag®twm®tUv hµt'ct' vacat'EcgmanT®mg'®besIrCagExµreyIg . åTahrNf _ a ´f©enH Ex enH q~SenH etIva®tUvbeJçjExµrFunNa ? etIExµrFunenaH®tUveFI√GI√ ? .l. va biun®bsb'e®bIkll∫ic CabÂJças'CabeN†ay vaecHcat'karVny"agdit dl'enAelIBiPBelak KµansasnN _ aGaceFI√dUcvaVneLIy . k~¨gq~S1974 vakan'kab'TwkdI´®B®Bwkßarbs'ExµrVnswg3PaK4eTAehIy .l.

❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

46

CMBUkTI8 ‹ ehtudUcem†cVnCaman®Bwti†karN´_ f©17emsa1975 ? ‹ karbegI˚tKN:kmµaFikarBiesscrcabJçb'sÂgam . ‹ elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'cakecjBI®sukExµr . ‹ Ggkar®tYt®ta®beTsExµr . ‹ vibti†´nrdΩFanIP~MeBje®kay®Bwti†karN1 _ 7emsa1975 ‹ vibti†´next†Vt'dMbge®kay®Bwti†karN1 _ 7emsa1975 ‹ vibti†®suk´b"line®kay®Bwti†karN1 _ 7emsa1975 . ‹ Ggkaredj®bCaCnecjBIlMenA .

k~¨gq~S1974-1975 sÂgamkan'EteqHx¬SgeLIg@ raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkar ®tUvxµSgsm¬ab'kMcayKµan®ta®bNI dUec~H®tUvEtnS®KYsarrt'ePosx¬ÁncUlkan' TI®kug®CksMNak'e®cIn≤tKNna . mUlehtuenHbN†al[karx√Hes∫øg GaharVnecaTeLIgy"agx¬Sg . m"¥agvijeTot raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkarminF¬a b'rs'enAcegÌøtcgÌl'Can'kelIK~a nigGt'kargareFI√y"agenH kMBugFujfb' Fuj®Tan'CinNaynwgsÂgam˘˘˘ ®sab'EtTTYlVnBt·manc∫as'karNK _ Yr[ kk'ek†A KYr[mansgÙwmmkfa – tamry:®®beTseGsflanCamit† eKCYyeFI√Gn† raKmne_ bIkkicçcrcaedIm∫IbJçb'sÂgam . enAeBlenaHelakL¨g-bUer"t CardΩmÂnI†TI1´nrdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩExµr k*cab'epI†mcat'tSgKNkmµaFikarBiessmYymansmaCik13nak'KW – 1- åt†mesniy sUkS-xUy

®bFan®BwTÏsPa

GgkarCanrNa ?

47

2- elak Gwug-bfluneha

®bFanrdΩsPa

3- elak L¨g-bUer"t

naykrdΩmÂnI†

4- elak hgß-Funhak'

åbnaykrdΩmÂnI†

5- åt†mesniy sk'-sflutsaxn

åbnaykrdΩmÂnI† nigCardΩmÂnI† ®ksYgkarJrCati, nayesna FikardΩankgT&BCati

6- elak V"n'-sUFI

åbnaykrdΩmÂnI†

7- elak L¨g-but†a

rdΩmÂnI†

8- elak efag-lwmhYg

rdΩmÂnI†

9- elak KS-er"t

rdΩmÂnI†

10- åt†mesniy ln'-Nun 11- åt†mesniy eLs-kUEsm 12- elakKwm-gYn®tac

eTsaPiVlFnaKarCatikmı¨Ca

13- åt†mnavI vg'-saer"nDI kMBugerobcMkicçkarCamYyKUbdib&k≈ KWsem†csIhnunigelakexov-sMpn edIm∫IbJçb'sÂgam . eBlenaH®beTseGsflanCamit†[eyabl'fa – ebIelakesna®bmuxsiƒ tenAk~¨g®beTskmı¨CadEdl kicçkarBiPakßaenHnwgGacmanåbs&KrarSgmin [®b®Bwt†eTAVn . dUec~Håt†mesniysU-kSxUy, åt†mesniysk'-sflutsaxn, elakGwug bfluneha, elakL¨g-bUer"t nigelakhgß-Funhak' s&µ®Kcit†nSJk¥nSeyabl'rbs'KNkmµaFikarbn†GMNac edIm∫IraykarNC _ Mrabelakesna®bmux ln'-nl' ®BmTSgesI~sMu[elakfycakecjBI®sukExµr edIm∫IeTAB¥aVl eraK‰breTssin˘˘˘. elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'KSgmat'swgrkJk¥eqI¬yq¬gminrYc . tam eyabl'rbs'elak elakyl'c∫as'Nas'fa ePI¬gsÂgamEdlkMBugeqH KKukeBj®beTsExµr KWbN†almkBIBYkGaTmiL vamanbMNgb†Ërmux®beTskmı¨Ca [k¬ayeTACa®beTsrNbrbs'va . ebIvaelbVnTwkdIkmı¨Ca va nwgksagkmı¨CamYyfIµelIKMnrepHKMnrqÌwgrbs'raÂs†Exµry"agBit®Vkd . b"uEn†elaknwkKitfa – KYr[cEm¬k KYr[q©l'Nas' e®JHtamBt·manc∫a s'karNr_ aykarNm _ kfa tSgBIcugq~S1973 k~¨gsmrPUminimYy@ eKeXIj

GgkarCanrNa ?

48

EtTahannigeyaFaCatiExµrs¬ab'KrelIK~a KµaneXIjexµacbUdUydUcBImun@ eLIy . m"¥agvijeTot eraKaJFkMBugyayIrUbelak, elakminGacbMeBjParkicç krNiykicçbMerICati[VneBjelj . eBlenaHelakGg¨yKitsJÇwgmYy snʨHFM edIm∫I®beTsCati elaksMerccit†yl'®BmtamesckI†esI~enaH . elak®tUvEtpßge®BgcakecjecalmatuPUmiCaTI®sLaj'KYr[esaks†ay. elakx√l'Esnx√l'BIGnaKt´n®beTsnig®bCaCnExµr .l. elakesna®bmuxecjdMeNIreTAkan'shrdΩGaemrikenA´f©TI1emsaq~S 1975 . emIlcuH®Kb'@ebskkmµrbs'elakesna®bmuxln'-nl' elakeFI√eLI gedayeBjkiti†ysEf¬f~Ër nigsmehtusmplCanicç . eq¬øt{kasenaHyYnhaNUy nigExµrGay"gyYn EdlCasmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr KWGtitExµrevotmij manehg-sMrin, hflun-Esn, Casw u mCaedI m elatkJœ k' ykC& yCM nHenA´f© 17emsa1975P¬ am . BY kvaEk T®mg'®beTskmı¨Ca[k¬ayeTACalanmrN:d d*FMeFg . edIm∫Ilak'bMVMg, edIm∫IbMP&n†mtiGn†rCatinigraÂs†Exµr vabegI˚teQµaHd*cEm¬kenHKW « GgkarGnamik » EdlCaembJÇakary"agggitGnÏkar . emIlcuHk~¨gnamGgkarpßaytamviT¥¨enArdΩFanIP~MeBjenAl©ac´f©TI17em sa1975, vaniyay®cMEdl@KYr[Fuj®Tan'fa C&yCMnH´f©TI17emsa1975 enHminEmnVnmkedaysarkarcrcaeT KWVnedaykardeNI†medayGavuF rbs'kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFrbs'eyIg . kaleNaHExµr®Kb'@K~aæEdr b"uEn† G~kx¬HminsUvykcit†Tukdak'tamdan®Bwti†karNV _ nCaeBlenaHeyIgminsUv yl'n¥HeLIy . emIlcuHGgkarGnamikEdlGt'rUbGt'rag ehIymanEteQµaHdUcbisac enH etIehtuGI√k*vaman≤TiÏBlx¬Sgk¬aKYr[cEm¬kem"¬H ? sUmeqI¬ybJÇak'bMPW¬ CMrabbgbÌËnExµrfa e®JHmanbUdUyCae®cInmWunnak' EdlCakm¬SgGmt:d d*mut s√its√aje®tomx¬ÁnCae®scrg'cSp†l'km¬Sgsm©at'[Ggkar . ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

49

vibti†enAP~MeBje®kay®Bwti†karN´_ f©17emsa75 P~MeBjCardΩFanI´n®beTskmı¨Ca . p¬ËvCatielx1cgPÇab'rdΩFanIP~MeBj eTArdΩFanI´®BnKr ( ´sh˚¨g-®kughU-CImij ) . p¬ËvCatielx5cgPÇab'rdΩFanI P~MeBj eTA®sukGUre®CAkat'tamext†kMBg'q~Sg, eJFisat' nigVt'dMbg . enA xagekItrdΩFanIP~MeBjmanTen¬mYyy"agFMehAfaTen¬bYnmux ( Ten¬ctumux ) . kV"l'tUclµmGacebIkbrCahUrEhr . rhUtdl'q~S1975 P~MeBjCardΩFanI erobcMTan'sm&yTMenIb man®bCaCncMnYn60mWunnak' PaKe®cInCaG~kman®TB¥sm∫ti†s†¨ks†m∏ . k~¨gry:eeBl5q~S edaysarsÂgam raÂs†ExµrG~kE®scMkarP&yx¬ac k*nS ®KYsarrt'cUlkan'TI®kugP~MeBjy"age®cInelIslb' . enAq~S1975 ®bCaCn mancMnYnCag3lannak' . vibti†´nes∫øgGaharVnecaTeLIgKYr[Vrm∏´®k Elg . shrdΩGaemrikCYyp†l'CMnYymnusßFm· Cae®KOgåbePaK briePaK cMnYnBI3eTA4mWunetank~¨gmYyEx . BIr…bI´f©mun®Bwti†kar17emsa1975 G~k ®sukk~¨grdΩFanIP~MeBjTSgGs'mankar®CYl®cbl', P&ytk's¬¨t, Gs'sgÙwm e®JHVnTTYlBt·mand*c∫as'karNm _ kfa elakesna®bmuxln'-nl'Vn cakecjBI®beTsExµreTAehIy . kicçkarrdΩTSgmUl®tUvEtF¬ak'eTAk~¨gkN†a b'´dBYknamWun EdlPaKe®cInCaG~kBukrlYynigx√HsmtƒPaB . eBlenaHxµSgVj'kSePI¬gbMep¬age®sacelIrdΩFanIdUcrnÊH G~k®sukGnÊH sarcg'dwglTÏpl´nkarBiPakßarvagsaFarNrdΩExµr, sem†csIhnu nigela kexov-sMpn . ®sab'EtenA´f©TI17emsa1975 em"ag7kn¬HmandMNwg bn†mkeTotfa manecAh√ayfIµcUlmk®Kb'®Kg®beTskmı¨CaehIy˘˘˘. ®Kb'@ K~ayl'®cLMsµanEtkicçcrcaVnsMerc edayf√ayGMNacdl'sem†c“ ela kGacyag®tLb'mk®Kb'®KgraÂs†ExµreLIgvijehIy!˘˘˘ ®besIrNas'@!˘˘˘ eBlenaHraÂs†ExµrGnÊHsarGg¨yP&ypgGrpg e®JHmindwgfadMNwg enHBit≤minBiteT . kMBugemIlp¬Ëvsem†c“ ®sab'Etmankare®tkGreday®k eLkeXIjmnusßm~ak'muxmUlmS es¬økJk'exµA KµanGavuFedIrmuxeKy"ags√ahab' manyuvCnekµg@cMnYnCag2rynak'es¬økJk'exµAKµanGavuF edIrtam e®kayehrCak∫ÁnelIcieJIçmf~l't®mg'eTAkan'sNΩaKar « LWP~M »

Edlman

GgkarCanrNa ?

50

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51

BYnlak'x¬Áne®kayeQµaHGgkarGnamik e®bIyIehaExµr®khmenaHeT . em" ag10kn¬ H´f© dEdl, elakEhm-ekttarani gyu vCnCag200nak' mk dl'®ksYgeXasnakarmuneKTSgGs' . elakeq¬q¬aedaycat'Tukx¬ÁnfaCa embJÇakar edayyl'®cLMF©n'eTAelIBYkExµr®khmTSgenaHfa Camnusß ´®BminecHdl'®kumGjeT ! eBlenH®kumGjykKab'ykKYrer[Tan'x¥l' mYyeBlsin˘˘˘ Jk¥cas'elakEtgtMNalfa – «ecH‰g[E®kgecHeK! » enA´f©TI17emsaenH viT¥¨kmı¨Casm©Mes©ømQwgtSgBI®Blwm luHdl' em"ag10 eTIbæsem¬gsem†c®BHsgÙraC hYt-tat pßayGMJvnav[raÂs† ExµrTUTSg®beTstSgcit†[s©b'es©ømenApÊHerog@x¬Án˘˘˘ sÂgamcb'®twmh~wg ehIy˘˘˘ eyIg®tUvEtbJŒb'karbg˙ËrQamrvagExµrnigExµr .l. mYysnʨHeTIbæsUrsem¬gåt†mesniy mIu-sIucn Canaykariyal&yTI 3´nGKbJÇakarkgT&BExµr Ef¬gbJÇabgab'eTAkgT&B®Kb'Ep~k[dak'GavuFcuH e®JHkarcrcaVnbJçb'sÂgam®twmeNHehIy . cMENkraÂs†G~kE®scMkar Gacvil®tLb'eTAkan'PUmi®sukTIlMenA ®bkbkargareFI√E®scMkareLIgvijdUc BIedIm . enAem"ag2resol´n´f©dEdl viT¥¨cab'pßayeVkbeJœatembJÇakarnig rdΩmÂnI†®Kb'@®ksYg EdlmanCaGaf·dUcteTA – « TIenHviT¥¨pßaysem¬grNsir¥rYmrYmCatikmı¨Ca˘˘˘ eyIgxM∆¨enArg'cSmit†@ k~¨gmnIÊrrdΩmÂnI†®ksYgeXasnakar . enACamYynwgeyIgmansem†c®BHsgÙ raC hYt-tat, elakmIu-sIucn, elakln'-Nun, elakEhm-ekttara . eyI gsUmGeJIÇjrdΩmÂnI†®Kb'@®ksYg, åt†mesniyTSgGs' mkCYbeyIgCa bnÊan'bMput edIm∫ICYyeyIgerobcMksagCati » . ædUec~HP¬am namWuncMnYn400nak'Edlx√HkarBiesaFn_ edayemahV _ Mg enaH manTwkmuxjjwme®tkGrCa´®kElg k*es¬økJk'‰ksNΩany"agsÌat eFI√dMeNIreTAkan'mnIÊreXasnakarP¬am edayKµannrNam~ak'nwkP~kKitfa kMBugcaj'eVkxµSgenaHeT . k~¨gcMeNam400nak'enHman – åt†mesniyQw m-QYn, ln'-Nun, b"Ul-lI´tsYn, lI´tsYn-EGem, mIu-sIucn CaedIm es¬økJk'smtamyss&ki†sÌat@ elIkElgEtelakEhm-ekttara nig yuvCnekµg@Cag200nak'ecj Edles¬økJk'exµA . cMENkelakL¨g-bUer"t rdΩmÂnI†TI1mkdl'yWtCageK . elakcMNay eBlCitGs'mYy´f©eTIbVnsMerc e®JHeyaFaExµr®khmekµg@ yamy"ag

GgkarCanrNa ?

52

hµt'ct' Xat'XSgmin[elakedIreTAkan'®ksYgeXasnakar . elakGs' sgÙwm xMTak'TgTMrSmaneKebIkLanhßIbmkTTYlelak . luHelakmk dl'®ksYgeXasnakar em"ag®bEhl5resol cMelIeBlEdlviT¥¨pßay sem¬g®tg'Jk¥mYyX¬aEdlniyayfa – « eyIgQ~Hedaysarkgkm¬Sg ®bdab'GavuFes~haCatikmı¨Ca˘˘˘ KWeyIgQ~HedayGavuF EtBMuEmnedaykarcr caeT » . elakL¨g-bUer"tædUec~aHk*F¬ak'efI¬mk†¨kviHEtdYlsn¬b' « {! ExµrGa y"gyYneTetI ! » elakk*edIreeTAcab'´dGs'elakvr:C Cn®Kb'@K~aenATIenaH . eBleTAcab'´delakåt†mesniyEhm-ekttaraCacuge®kayeKbgÌs' ela kTSgBIrkan'´dK~ay"agmS sm¬wgmuxK~ay"agyUrenAes©øm ®Kan'Etbg˙ajsPaBxage®kA[yl'fa « Gjk*qÁt ‰gk*qÁt˘˘˘ minKYrGIeyIgedIrbJÇa[Taha ndak'GavuFcuHmunc∫Sgy"agenHeLIy !!! » .l. ®bEhlem"ag7l©ac tMNagGgkardwknSåt†mesniy, rdΩmÂnI† ®Bm TSgnisßit200nak'eTACYbGgkar KWnSykeTAVj'sm¬ab'ecalexÊc . ( sMuebIkrg√g'®kckbni†c, muneBlEdl®beTsExµr®tUvF¬ak'vinashinehac3-4´f©, elakL¨g-bUer"tefI√dMeNIreTAkan'®beTshI√lI¬BIn CYbelak esna®bmuxln'-nl' edIm∫IsMudMbUnµannigeyabl' . elakvil®tLb'mk kan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjvij cMeBl®Bwk´f©TI12-4-75 KWCa´f©Edlelak‰kGKrdΩ TUty"un-xan'fIDIn mkGeJIÇjelakeLIgkV"l'ehaHePosx¬ÁneTAkan'sh rdΩGaemrikmYyry:s sin . elak®bEkkmin®BmeTA ehIyEfmTSgeqI¬yeTA vijfa – « xM∆¨minEmnCaG~ksIuQ~Álc∫SgeT » . dUec~HkEn¬gEdlTukCUnela kL¨g-bUer"tenaH k*®tUvVneTAeTAelaksUkS-xUy Edlmanvasnacakecj putBIe®KaHf~ak' ehIysMNak'enAshrdΩGaemrikrhUtdl'sB√´f©enH . emIlcuHelakL¨g-bUer"tCanaykrdΩmÂnI† CaG~kcat'EtgtSgKN:k kmµaFi karBiess edIm∫Icrcarkp¬ËvbJçb'sÂgamenA®sukExµr . emIlcuHGs'elak åt†mesniyx¬H Kµanyl'GI√TSgGs'GMBIerOgsÂgamk~¨g®sukExµr . ®Kb'@K~a beN†ayx¬Áncaj'eVkxµSgF©n'CagF©n'swgrkJk¥ExµrsresrKµan. beN†ay x¬Án[xµSg®bmUlykeTAVj'sm¬ab'ecalVny"aggay dUceKebHBu®TaTMu . {eTvtaeGIy ! KYrGasUrdl'raÂs†ExµrekItCMnan'enHNas', etIvasnak¬a yCaGI√eTA ? emIlcuH ! enA´f©TI17-4-75, evlaem"ag4resol manLanhßIbCae®cI ne®KOg dak'åeKÙasns&BÊ

ebIkbrBIkEn¬gmYyeTAkEn¬gmYyeTotJseBj

GgkarCanrNa ?

53

rdΩFanI pßayCadMNwgtambJÇad*dac'Nat'rbs'Ggkar edj®bCaCnTSg Gs'[ecjBIrdΩFanIk~¨gry:24em"ag edayykelsfa GaemrikSgnwgcUl mkTm¬ak'®Kab'Ebkk~¨geBlqab'@enH˘˘˘. enAeBlenaH®bCaCnCit3lannak' ®tUvEtfyecjBIrdΩFanIP~MeBjd*FM eFg ecal®TB¥sm∫ti†d*e®cInmhima KµanJk¥tva"eLIy . G~kx¬HBrkUntUc dwk´dkUnbnÊab' manEtkUnsMJyenAelIx~g . G~kx¬HEsgmnusßcas'Cra Esg®bBnÏeTIbsMralkUnehIyfIµ@, Esg®bBnÏkMBugEtQWeJHbMrugnwgsMralkUn .l. G~kmanrfyn†k*erobcM®TB¥sm∫ti†d*cSVc'dak'k~¨grfyn† rYc nS®bBnÏkUnruj e®JHp¬ËvcegÌøtminGacebIkbrVn . cMENkefAEkmaseB®C x¬H edaybnÊan'x¬SgeBk k*ekIbmaseB®CbÂJçkk~¨gFugTwkLan rYcnS®bBnÏ kUnrujecjBIhageTA . b"uEn†LanTSgGs'enaH minTan'ecjputBIrdΩFanIP~MeB jpg k*®tUv®kumeyaFaekµg@PÇg'kSePI¬gesI~ykLanTuk[GgkarTSgGs' . luHyb'mkdl', ®bCaCnTSgbIlannak'enaH ®tUvEtedkpÊal'dI kN†al valE®s Gt'Vy Gt'Twk cm©ayBIrdΩFanI®twmEt1eTA3KILËEm"®tb"ueNˆaH . edaysarEtcMnYnmnusße®cIneBk edImminVnelOneTAmuxeT . ®Kb'@rUb KSgmat'rkJk¥f©ËrKµan . k~¨geBledIrBJk'BBUnkµanTIedAenH manbgbÌËn Exµrx¬H ®tUv®Jt'®Vs'bI†®bBnÏkUnrhUtdl'sB√´f©enH . eq¬øt « {kasd*lÌ enH » GgkarGnuvt†kll∫icd*exµA®kx√k' edayeVkrdΩmÂnI†, nayTahan nig namWunFM@ cak'[cMcMNucexßayrbs'Gs'elakTSgGs'EdlGg¨yercStam x¥l' . emIlcuH ! ®Blwm´f©TI19emsa, eKeXIjman®bkasbwTe®Jg®JtelI bnÊHk†arBN·exµA cgB¥ÁrCab'nwgedImeQIswg®Kb'TIkEn¬g enACMuvijrdΩFanI Ed lmanesckI†CaGaTifa – « GgkarsUmGeJIÇjnayTahan BIGnuesniy®tI eLIgeTA, sUmGeJIÇjrdΩmÂnI†®Kb'@®ksYg cUlmkcuHeQµaHenATIenH edIm∫I cUlkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjvij CYyerobcMksagCati » . enAeBlenaHGs'elak FM@PaKe®cIn ®tUvF¬ak'k~¨gGnÊak'Ggkar edayyl'®cLMy"agF©n'fa Exµr®khm EdlCamnusß´®B l©g'ex¬A ≤ttMerHviCÇa em"ck*min®tUvkarGj ? . ®tUvcMcMNuc exßayenH k*bbYlK~art'®bjayeTAt®mg'CYrsMucuHeQµaH ®Vb'BIGtitmuxgar rbs'x¬Áneday®tg'@ edIm∫Iqab'[eKdwkcUleTAkan'rdΩFanI nwgGalVnkan' muxtMENgdUcBIedIm, ecosvagkaredkhaleP¬øg Nas' .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

54

elakNacuHeQµaHrYcGgkarp†l'Gg˚rm˙Ëb[®Kb'®Kan'P¬am . GgkarGnuvt†kl l∫icrebobenH EtBIr-bI´f© GaceVk®bmUlBYknayTahan rdΩmÂnI†nana nig namWunExµrEdlGg¨yrg'cSertamx¥l'enaH dwknSykeTAVj'sm¬ab'ecal exÊcVny"aggay ®tUvs¬ab'y"age®cIn≤tKNna . eKVneXIjGs'elak x¬H@dUcCaelakGMr"ug (G~knSJk¥rdΩaPiVl), elakvresniylI-etk, ekAGul nignag-sn, elakvresniyeTa jg-c&nÊsava"t nigsIu-etk, emFavI sIu-saEc, elakåt†mesniyqay-Lay, Eb"n-tara, elakeTB-QIvexg (rdƒmÂnI†®ksYgeXasnakar), elakV"n'-suFI (GtitrdΩmÂnI†TI1), elakPI-Fa nLay (GtitrdΩGaC∆a), elakhgß-Funhak', elakGfluk-yun nigG~kGmças' sIusuvtiƒ-dYgCIvin . enA´f©TI18emsaevlaem"ag10 GgkarecjbJÇa[nS®bCaCnExµrEdl sMNak'enAsƒanTUtVrSgcMnYn800nak' ykecjeTAdak'k~¨gbrievNkILadΩanLSEbflr Edlmancm©ay200Em"®tBIsƒanTUt . k~¨gcMeNam800nak'enH PaKe®cInmanrdΩmÂnI†, vis√kr, nayTahan . vabJÇa[eFI√®bvti†rUb rYcbMEbk[ enAtamEp~k@ . maneKVneXIjnigVnsal'dUcCa elakvresniyeTaGIubflunsYr, elakembJÇakartan'-Ca, mÂnI†Can'xıs'dUcCaelakDI-EblL¨g, ela kDI-EblELn nigelakEp¬k-ePOn CaedIm . vadwknSG~kTSgGs'enHCabn†@ ykeTACYbGgkar KWnSykeTAVj'sm¬ab'ecalTSgGs' . enA´f©TI19emsaem"ag3resol tMNagrbs'GgkarcUlmkkan'sƒan TUtVrSg cab'elakGwug-bfluneha ®bFanrdΩsPa, elakelOg-Nal' rdΩmÂnI† ®ksYgsuxaPiVl, ®Tg'sirimt:, m"mlav CamehsImYyrbs'sem†csIhnu . ®Tg'nigGs'elakTSgGs'manÚkJr´f¬f~Ër cab'´dsMulanigEf¬gGMNrKuNdl'buKliksƒanTUtVrSgTSgGs' EdlVnyl'®Bm[®kumx¬ÁnsMNak' enAk~¨gsƒanTUtmYyry: rYcbeNI†rK~aecjeTA®bKl'x¬Án[tMNagGgkar Ed lmanLanhßIbmYye®KOgnigLanehßGwumesmYye®KOgctQb'rg'cSenA mat'T√arxage®kA . eBlenaHelakkugsflulrgVrSgeQµaH DIra"k' k*VnCUndMeNIrvrCnTSg enaHdl'ek¬agT√arsƒanTUt . elakminGacTb'nUvmenaseJçtnarbs'elak VneT . mnIÊreBT¥®BHektumalaCamnIÊreBT¥mYyd*FMenArdΩFanIP~MeBj . enAq~S19 75

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GgkarCanrNa ?

55

sÂgam . enA´f©17emsa GgkarecjbJÇadac'Nat'[bg≈MedjG~kCm©WTSg Gs'ecjBImnIÊreBT¥P¬am@ . G~krbYsF©n'@Cae®cInJn'nak' kan'eQI®ct'Tb' x¬Án edIredayevTna G~kx¬HmanbgbÌËn®KabeNI†r, G~kEdlenAsn¬b'minTan' dwgx¬Án manbgbÌËnrujE®KnSecjeTA . b"uEn†eyIgminGaceP¬cVnnUvG~kBikar ≤t´d≤teCIgKµanbgbÌËnCYy EdlvadUcst√Cen¬n Edl®tUveKkat'CaBIr…bI kMNat' etIvay"agem†ceTAvij ? . eyIgKYrnwkeXIjehIysYrfa etIenAmanCnBikardUcenHb"unµannak'eTot eBj´pÊ®sukExµr Edl®tUvrgTuk≈evTnaedaysarGgkarenAeBlenH ? enArdΩFanIP~MeBj kgT&BEdlminertamx¥l' KWT&BEm"kh√&kß EdlCaGti tkgT&BExµresrI . kgT&BExµresrI mankarGb'rMy"aghµt'ct' . elaksWgg"ukfaj'Bn¥l'bMJk'eKalCMhr [sal'krNiykicçnigParkicçCaTahan KW ®tUvc∫SgtTl'nwgs®tUv edIm∫IkarJrCatinig®beTs . m"¥ageTot elakBn¥ l'[sal'c∫as' nUvs®tUvnigmit†rbs'CatiExµr . kgT&BenHrwgbwugs√its√aj mankartsflUFn'®TSnwgkarlMVk®Kb'Ebby"ag ebIe®bobeFobeTAnwgbUdUy KW x¬SgCagBYkenH . GgkareronsU®tsal'®Kb'®Cuge®Cayk~¨gEp~kkgT&BsaFa rNrdΩExµr . Ggkarsal'c∫as'fa – em@cUleFI√TahanedIm∫IEtJk's&ki†, Ga geFI√FM Gg¨yrg'cSertamx¥l'˘˘˘ rI‰kUn@vijcUleFI√TahanedIm∫IebIk®Vk'Ex ciJçwm®KYsar . G~kGs'enHminsal'ParkicçnigkrNiykicçeLIy . dUec~Hma nEtkgT&BEm"kh√&kßmYyKt'EdlGgkar®tUvEt®bug®by&t~ ®tUvEtkMeTcGavuF CakSePI¬g e®JHkgT&BenHmincuHjmnwgs®tUveT . mUlehtuenH GgkarGna mikcat'bJçËneyaFay"age®cInelIslb' mkB&TÏmUldΩanenAbUrIkILa nigmUl dΩan100x~g cab'tSgBIem"ag5®BwkenA´f©TI16emsa . luHyb'mkdl'k*cab' Vj'®Kab'bMep¬ag e®sacmkelImUldΩanbUrIkILadUcrnÊH . EsÌkeLIgem"ag7®Bwk´n´f©TI17emsa xµSgcUlkan'kab'mUldΩanTSgBIr enaHTSg®sug . GgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'ecalTSgGs' TSg®bBnÏTSgkUn . tS gBI®Bwti†karNe_ naHmk eyIgminEdlVnCYbkgT&BEm"kh√&kßNa sUm∫ImYy nak'k*eTeLIy˘˘˘. e®kABIkgT&BEm"kh√&kßenaH Ggkare®bIEtkll∫icEdlcuccMcMNucexßa y TSgTahanTSgrdΩmÂnI† eTAQrtMerobK~aCaCYr [eKykeTAsm¬ab'ecal edayminVc'e®bIex~aHX~ag®cvak'pg˘˘˘. ]

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GgkarCanrNa ?

56

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e®JHsµanfaC&yCMnH

Edlmanelakexov-sMpn

emExµr®khmCaG~kKS®T . ®besIrNas'@ !!! . em"ag®bEhl8l©ac´n´f©TI17emsa ®bCaBlrdΩExµrenATI®kugVt'dMbg bbYlK~aerobk∫ÁnrWum"k dMkl'rUbftsem†c“y"agFM@ EhrB&TÏTI®kug vayFug vayLSg E®skCeyasem†c“y"agkgrMBg . yb'enaHG~kmanGavuFk*Vj'eTAelIGakasE®skGbGrsaTrsb∫ayrIk rayTTYlC&yCMnHEk¬gbn¬MenH . yuvCn yuvnarIbbYlK~ae®cogrSy"agsb∫a y edayeCOnigsgÙwmfa EsÌk@enH®beTskmı¨CanwgVnsni†PaBeLIgvij ehIy . G~kE®scMkare®tkGrCa´®kElg edaysgÙwmy"agmSfa EsÌkenH GacnS®KYsarvil®tLb'eTAkan'TIlMenA®bkbksikmµeLIgvijedayesrI . emIlcuHbgbÌËnrYmQameGIy ! nwkeXIjerOgenHeLIgKYr[xµas'eGony"a gx¬Sg minKYremdwknSExµrTSgski†PUmi TSgExµr®khmx√HsmtƒPaB beN†ay [®bCaBlrdΩExµr rvl'Etsµanyl'®cLMy"agenHeLIy ?!?! .

GgkarCanrNa ?

57

cMENk‰Ggkarvij vatamdanrkcMNucexßay´n®bCaBlrdΩExµr®Kb'@ CMhan eBlenHvae®CIsVnGavuFmYyy"agski†siTiÏ edIm∫Ism¬ab'namWunExµr ®Kb'@Ep~kenAext†Vt'dMbg e®JHvaeXIj®bCaBlrdΩExµrCaTUeTA®sLaj's em†c“y"agmutmSNas' . dUec~H®tUvsm¬ab'namWunTSgenaH[Tan'eBlevla B n¥aeBlminekIteT nSbN†al[manåbs&KCaBMuxan˘˘˘dUec~H®tUvEte®bIeQµaH sem†c“eFI√Canuy eFI√CaGavuF˘˘˘ ®besIrNas'@ !!! . Ggkaryl'y"agenHP¬am k*xçImat'elakeLg-ra"Gul Cavresniy‰knig CaembJÇakarswkrgext†Vt'dMbg EdleBlenH®tUvTTYlgarCabEnƒm KW®tUv eLIgCMnYsembJÇakarFM Edlrt'eKcecaldMENgtSgBIem"ag2resolmk em"¬H [ecjbJÇabn¬MeVkbeJœatdUcteTAenH – cab'tSgBI´f©TI17emsaevlaem"ag10yb'eTA eLg-ra"GulCamYyemExµr ®khm bN†ak'K~apßaytamviT¥¨Ex®tVt'dMbg ecjbJÇaCadac'Nat' dl'na yTahan nayTahanrg nigBlTahan®Kb'@Ep~k ®tUvenAs©b'es©ømcSs†a b'bJÇaCafIµ . bJÇaEf¬gbEnƒmeTotfa

EsÌkeLIg´f©TI18emsa ®tUv®bmUl

GavuFTSgGs'cgCaVc' rYcdwknSykmk®bKl'[TIbJÇakarkariyal&yTI3 CakMhit rYceTACYbCMuTSgGs'K~a enAsalaext†Vt'dMbgCadac'xat rg'cSTTY lbJÇaCafIµ . cMENkxagsIuvilTUeTA k*®tUvnSGavuFpÊal'x¬Ánykmk®bKl'[ GgkarenAsalaext†Vt'dMbgcab'tSgBIem"ag8EsÌkenHEdr e®JHsÂgam cb'®twmeNHehIy . luH®BlwmeLIg nayTahan nayTahanrgmkCYbCMu kkkujenATIkMNt', ®sab'Ets©at'e®cob KµaneXIjecAh√ayfIµeLIy . rI‰ CnsIuvilk*ykGavuFeTAKrTukmYyKMnrFMenAmuxvimanelakGPiVlext†Vt'dM bg . b"uEn†eXItEteyaFaekµg@cMnYn15nak'kan'kSePI¬gGaEGflrEkg®Kb'´dQr cSTTYlGavuFTSgenaH . l©aceLIg´f©dEdl ®bCaBlrdΩext†Vt'dMbgEbr CaGs'sgÙwm®Kb'@rUbP&ytk's¬¨ts¬n'es¬a e®JHkgT&BEdlcUlmk®Kb' ®Kgext†Vt'dMbg CaGtitecar´®B EdlCaG~kdwknSeyaFaekµg@ Edlman GayuCamF¥mEt15q~Sb"ueNˆaH, es¬økJk'exµA bg'®kmaenAk Es∫keCIgkg' Lan kan'kSePI¬gGaEGflrEkg®Kb'´d, manTwkmuxy"agsahav dUcmanKMnMumkBI nay . Qr®Kb'p¬ËvCa®kum@ mkdl'CadMbUg k*cab'®btibti†kar®Kb'®Kg®beT skmı¨Ca tambecçkeTsEdlF¬ab'eFI√Caecarb¬n' . b"uEn†Jk¥b¬n'VnE®bCaJk¥esI~ EdlkacsahaveXareXACagJk¥b¬n'eTAeTot e®JHc∫ab'rbs'Ggkar®bKl'GP&y‰ksiTiÏ[ecaredIresI~,

ebImças'rwgTTwg

sm¬ab'ecalcuHrYc

GgkarCanrNa ?

58

ecaTfak∫t'Ggkar˘˘˘. ®TB¥EdlesI~CadMbUgenaHKW Lan, m"UtU, kg', viT¥¨, naLika´d, sIÊLË .l. ®Kb'@TIkEn¬g . ecareyaFaekµg@TSgenaHeronsÊat'cSmat'EtJk¥mYyX¬a niyayeTAkan'mças'®TB¥dUc@K~afa – « GgkarsMuesI~mYyry:s sin swmsgvij´f©e®kay » . ®Blwm´f©TI19 emsa TTYlBt·mand*c∫as'karNm _ kfa GgkarbJÇa[XatkrVj'sm¬ab' elakvresniy‰k tan'-b"uk CaevCÇbNiÎtmnIÊreBT¥Tahan ®BmTSgshkarI12nak' enAPUmibwg®BIg siƒtenAcm©ay5KILËEm"®t xaglicTI®kugVt'dMbg . bnÊab'mkTTYldMNwgGkuslmkfa – manLankam∆"¨gbIe®KOgdwknayTahannigTahanx¬H nSykeTAVj'ecalxagt∫ËgPUmieQ¬øvcm©ay3K˘m˘ xagekItP~MFibtI . ´f©dEdlem"ag3resol manLankam"∆¨g4e®KOgbrcUlmk dwknayTahannigTahanx¬H EdlsMNak'enAk~¨gbrievNviT¥al&yVt'dMbg nSykeTAVj'sm¬ab'ecalenAPUmideg˚aex~Iy xaglicf~l'Catielx5 cm©ay500Em"®t . eBlXatkrGaf·kMVMgVj'®Kab'sacædUcrnÊHKµanGasUr enaH manelaks&ki†®VM KS-KIrI nigelaks&ki†4 Pwm-GUn nigG~kebIkbrLan m~ak'eQµaH fac'-sflunlIVneKcrt'rYc . enAl©ac´f©TI19emsa ®bCaBlrdΩ ExµrenAk~¨gTI®kugVt'dMbgekItclacltk's¬¨ty"agx¬Sg e®JHTTYldMNwg bEnƒmminKYr[eCOfa ®bCaBlrdΩEdlmanTIlMenAenACitTI®kug nS®KYsareTA kan'pÊHsMEbg ®sab'Et®tUveyaFaekµg@sMuesI~®TB¥sm∫ti†Gs'rlIgBIx¬Án rYc edjmin[cUlpÊH .l. eBlenaHTI®kugVt'dMbgmanmnusßkkkujCae®cIn elIslb'edIreTAedIrmk ®be®CotxßwbexßøvsYrK~afa – etInrNaTTYlC&yCM nHenH ? minEmnsem†c“ minEmnexov-sMpneT… ? ®bEhlCaecareTdwg ? kMBug®CYl®cbl' ®sab'EtTTYldMNwgKYr[kk'ek†Amkfa BI®Bwkmijem"ag9 maneQµaH sUkU ehAmit†sfluy nigelakExk-Eb"n ehAmit†sflU Ep~keyaFanig Ep~kneyaVy manebIkGg®bCMuCaelIkTImYyenAmhaviT¥al&ycMeJHmux saÂs†acar¥ ®KUbe®gon nignisßit . l©acenHem"ag4resol manebIkGg ®bCMuCaelIkTI2 enAbnÊaykgT&BEp~kcit†saÂs† cMeJHnayTahan®Kb'@ Ep~k .

EsÌk´f©TI20emsa

em"ag9nwgmanebIkGg®bCMuCaelIkTI3enAsala

ext†Vt'dMbg cMeJHnamWunG~krdΩkar®Kb'@Ep~k TSgEp~ksIuvil TSgEp~k®bCa BlrdΩTUeTA . eBlevlaebIkGg®bCMuTUeTAmkdl'

®bCaBlrdΩExµrrt'®bjay

Grpg

GgkarCanrNa ?

59

P&ypg eTACYbnigeTATTYlecAh√ayfIµ eTAs†ab'Epnkarmças'fIµ . ®bCaBl rdΩExµrmancMnYn®bEhlCag5Jn'nak' ®be®CotK~acUlkan'salaext†®Kb'@ rUb manTwkmuxe®koms©Át . em"ag10Kt' mit†sflUEp~kneyaVy nigmit†sfluyEp~keyaFacUlmkdl' es¬økJk'exµA ®kmav&Nˆk Es∫keCIgeFI√BIkg'Lan . mit†sflUk*ebIkGg®bCMu®bkasfa xM∆¨nigmit†sfluymkCYbmit†TSgGs'enH Ca tMNagGgkarpÊal'˘˘˘. eBlæeQµaHGgkar ®bCaBlrdΩTSgGs'P∆ak' k*ekH xßwb@sYrK~afa

etIGgkarCanrNaeGH ? . dUec~HminEmnsem†c“ minEmn

elakexov-sMpneT… Edl®tUvTTYlC&yCMnHenH ? . mit†sflUVnæJk¥xßwb exßøvenHc∫as'las'Nas' b"uEn†vaeFI√f¬g'ehIyxMniyaykuhktamkll∫ic nigEpnkarrbs'GgkarEdl®JgTuk[Cae®sc smdUcJk¥bUraNmYyX¬a EdlVnEcgfa – « GUsTUkkMu[lÌan cab'®tIVnkMu[lÌk'Twk » . Jk¥kuhkrbs'mit†sflUEdlxM∆¨VnæpÊal'®tecok manCaGaTidUcteTA – « mit†rYmCatiCaTIes~haTAgLay ! Ggkarcat'bJÇËnxM∆¨nigmit†sfluymk kan'TIenH edIm∫IebIkkar®bCMuCaelIkTI3k~¨gTI®kugVt'dMbg . BYkxM∆¨nSJk¥ rbs'GgkarpÊal'mkCMrabmit†TSgGs' sMukMutk's¬¨tq©l'BIerOgEdlGgkarV nbJÇa[sm¬ab'nayTahannigTahanx¬H@enaH[esaH . e®JHenA´f©TI18 emsaem"ag10 eyaFaeyIgcab'Vnf~SeBT¥mYyLanLg'r"UEvr brq¬gsıanfµfIµ eTAkan'p¬Ëvelx5 bMrugrt'ecjBI®beTsExµr . emTahanEdl®b®Bwt†bTelIµ senaH KWelaktan'-b"uk nigmit†12nak' . cMENknayTahannigTahan 7Lankam"∆¨g EdlGgkarecjbJÇa[nSykeTAsm¬ab'ecalCabnÊan'enaH e®JHmit†TSgGs'enaHk∫t'Ggkar manlak'GavuFbMrugtbtcMeJHGgkar Edl CaG~kmanKuNd*elIslb'cMeJH®bCaBlrdΩExµr . dUec~H®tUvEtsm¬ab' edIm∫I karJråbs&KnigTukCaKMrU » . mit†sflUniyaykuhky"agEvg luHcb'k*sm¬wgmuxmit†sfluyCasJÔa[niya yPrbn† . mit†sfluyk*cab'epI†mniyaykMejIjfa – « En ! mit†eGIy˘˘˘ mit†minGaceFI√GI√@kMVMgEP~krbs'GgkarVneLIy Gg karmanEP~kdUcEp¬m~as' . cUrmit†kMuykt®mab'tamGak∫t'TSgLayenaH[ esaH eyIg®tUvEteXIjnigdwgKuNGgkar . emIlcuH®beTseyIgtUcEmn Bit EtedaysarGgkar eyIgGacsMerceCaKC&yvayQ~HCb"un, VrSg, Ga emrikSg CamhaGMNack~¨gBiPBelak nigbrivarva . eCaKC¥HeyIgGg¨y

GgkarCanrNa ?

60

rg'cS2Jn'q~SmkehIy .l. cab'BIeBlenHeTA Ggkar®bkasCaåLarwk elIkElgQb'®bkan'eTas®bCaCnExµrTSgGs' eTaHCanayTahan Taha n G~krdΩkar®Kb'Ep~k ®Kb'@Can'f~ak' eyIg®tUvcab'´db®gYbb®gYmsamKIK~aksag ®beTsCatimatuPUmisarCafIµ

.

®bCaCnG~kE®scMkarGacnS®KYsar

eKa

®kbIvil®tLb'eTAkan'TIlMenAerog@x¬ÁnVn e®JHrdUveFI√E®sCitmkdl'ehIy . Ggkarmancat'karbegI˚tCasmrPUmiedIm∫IvaysMruk edIm∫IksagCati ». luHeJlcb'nUvJk¥kuhkenHehIy mit†sfluybJÇa[®bCaCnE®sktam vafa – CeyaGgkard*mhima ! Ceyamhaelatep¬aH mhaGsçar¥ ! . ®bCa CnTSgenaHk*E®skbnÊrtamTSgTwkmuxe®kom®kM e®JHminyl'n&yrbs'Jk¥ «smrPUmi, vaysMruk» mindwgfaetImit†sfluynigmit†sflUenHcg'niyayfadUem†c ! m"¥ageTotminsal'fanrNaCaGgkarpg . luHvil®tLb'mkCYb®KYsarvij ®bCaCnTSgLayenaHk*Gg¨y®teVmk∫alCgg'®KvIEtk∫alKµan Jk¥eqI¬ynwgsMnYrrbs'®bBnÏkUn, e®JHesckI†Ef¬gkarNr_ bs'vaTSgBIr enaH dUcCaggitGnÏka manlak'Buty"agGaf·kMVMgKYr[sgß&yCay"agx¬Sg . cMENkmit†sflUnigmit†sfluyva®bmUlG~krdΩkar®Kb'Ep~k TSgkgT&BTSgsIu vil rYcbMEbktam®kum niyayy"agEpÌm®tCak'kuhkfa KWedIm∫IgaykarJr sni†suxnigEckes∫øgGahar e®JHGgkarpÌakcayluymYyry:sin . dUec~H®kumTI1CanayTahan®tUvsMNak'enAk~¨gbrievNsala esahW, ®kumTI2CanayTahanrg ®tUvsMNak'enAk~¨gbrievNviT¥al&yGflabXut . ®kumTI3 smNak'enAk~¨gbrievNviT¥al&y®BHmunIvgß . ®kumTI4CaBYknamWun G~krdΩkarsIuvil®Kb'Ep~k sMNak'enAk~¨gbrievNsalaext†Vt'dMbg . ´f©TI20emsa eBlEdlmit†sfluynigmit†sflU kMBugEtebIksm&y®bCMuenA salaext†Vt'dMbg

enA‰viT¥al&y®BHmunIvg߉eNaH

Tahan®bmaN

1,350nak' kMBugEtte®mobCYrK~aeLIgLankam"∆¨g15e®KOg . em"ag3resol ´f©dEdl kEn¬gdEdl manLankam"∆¨g11e®KOgcUleTAdwkTahan900nak' eTot . k∫ÁnLanTSg2elIkbrq¬gkat'sÊwgsEg˚ tamsıanfµfIµ eTAkan'p¬ËvCatielx5 dwkykeTAcUlkN†alGnÊak'

Edl®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgerobcMExß

e®tomrg'cSCae®scenAp¬ËvcUlniKmsem†c“s√aydUnEkv ®tUv®kumenHVj' sm¬ab'ecalexÊc . enA´f©TI23emsa em"ag®bEhl9®Bwk mit†sfluyCatMNagGgkar

manvr

esniy‰k eLg-va"Gflul es¬økJk'‰ksNΩany"agsÌatedIrCamYy mankan'

GgkarCanrNa ?

61

bJÇ I mY ysn¬ w kk ~ ¨ g´ d be NI † r K ~ a cU le T A ka n' sa la e sa hW r Y ce hA e Qµ a H n a yTahanCalMdab'lMeday rYcecjbJÇa[eTAkan'TIlMenAerog@x¬Ány"agyUr kn¬Hem"ag edIm∫Ies¬økJk'‰ksNΩan[Vn®twm®tUv edIm∫IeTATTYlsem†c“ Edl®BHGgyagmktamåTÏm∏aKc®kcuHctenAEk∫rP~MFibtI . luHnayTahan TSgGs'enaHvilmkCYbCMu®Kb'cMnYntambJIÇe®scVc'

k*Ehrk∫ÁnBIsala

esahWeTAkan'salaext†Vt'dMbg EdlmanLankam"∆¨g6e®KOgerobCak∫Án rg'cSenATIenaHCae®sc . nayTahanTSgGs'enaHk*eLIgLanTSgTwkmux jjwm . ´f©dEdlem"ag1kn¬Hresol k∫ÁnLankam"∆¨gTSg6e®KOgdEdldwknay Tahanes¬økJk'‰ksNΩany"agsÌatCae®cInrynak'eTot x¬HQr x¬HGg¨y x¬HCiHelIdMbUl ®be®CotCan'elIK~a . enAxagmuxk∫ÁnmanLanhßIbmYy e®KOgnigLg'r"UEvrmYye®KOg EdlmanemExµr®khm10nak'CiHCaG~knSp¬Ëv ma nkSePI¬gxI¬enAceg˚H®Kb'@K~a . xage®kayk∫Án manLankam"∆¨gmYye®KOgpʨk eyaFaekµg@®bmaN30nak' kan'kSePI¬gGaEGflrEkgenA´d®Kb'@K~a CaG~kEhr hmkarJr . eyaFaekµg@TSgenHmuxjjwm esIces∆js∆ajdUcs√aVneck sb∫ayrIkraye®tkGrNas'

e®JHnwksµanfaVnCYbeXIjsem†c“mun

eK˘˘˘. eyaFaekµg@TSgenaHminVndwgTal'EtesaHnUvkll∫icrbs'Ggkar EdlbeJœat®bmUlCnCatirbs'x¬ÁnsuTÏEtnayTahanFM@ dwkykeTAsm¬a b'ecalelg@TeT@y"agenaHeT . k∫ÁnLanTSg9e®KOg ( LannSmux2 hßIb nig Lg'r"UEvr, Lankam"∆¨gTSg6e®KOgdwkTahan, Lankam"∆¨gmYye®KOgxag e®kaydwkeyaFaekµg@ ) EhrcakecjBIsalaext†Vt'dMbg brq¬gswÊgsEg˚tamsıancas' eTAkan'p¬ËvCatielx5 . luHk∫ÁnLanbrecjputBIsıan elakvresniy‰kmUl-sarI niyayxßwb@CMrabelakeLg-ra"Gflulfa – ®BH etCKuN GaGs'enHbeJœatnSBYkeyIgykeTAsm¬ab'eT . elakeLg-ra"Gflu l®Bmanfa – mat'sIuGMbil®bhuk min®tUvniyaydUec~HeTNa± . k∫ÁnLanTSg9e®KOgebIkbrVnEt30K˘m˘k~¨g1em"agEtb"ueNˆaH e®JH p¬ËvCatielx5xUcxatminEdlVnCYsCuleLIgvijeT k~¨gry :eeBl5q~S´n sÂgamenH . Lanrlak'eFI√[G~kCiHm~ak'esIÊrF¬ak'BIelILan k∫alnigk∫al TgicK~aCajwkjab' . ≤LËvenHk∫ÁnLank*mkdl'PUmikac'reTH Lanrlak'x¬S geBk k∫almUl-sarIk*®sab'EtTgick∫aleLg-ra"Gfluly"agx¬Sg . mUlsarIyk´dGEgÌlk∫albeNI†r EP~ksm¬wgeTsPaBPUmikac'reTHd*s©at'e®cob

GgkarCanrNa ?

62

beNI†r . elakF¬ab'ecjcUlPUmienH®Kb'®ckl˙k . elakk*ekHelakeLgra"Gflulm†geTot®BmTSgxßwbfa ®BHetCKuNkMuTukcit†BYkva[esaH ! eyIgKYr ´llkrMedaHx¬ÁnNa± . TIenHCaPUmikac'reTHmansPaBs©at'lÌNas' TSg ®bCaCn TSgExµr®khm KµaneXIjm~ak'eLIy . BYkeyIgmanK~ae®cInrynak' G~kebIkbrLank*K~aeyIg ®kumvamanEt40nak'b"ueNˆaHeT .l. eBlenaHelakeLg-ra"GflulEbrCamYrem"A k*THkMeP¬øgelakmUl-sarImYy´dy"agdMNM rYck*®canedjcuHBILan . elakmUl-sarI®tUvEtbg≈Mcit†enA es©ømm†geTot˘˘˘. k∫ÁnLanTSg9e®KOgbrmkdl'p¬ËvbMEbkeTAs†S k*kac'cUleTAkan'P~MFibtI nayTahanEdlCiHLankam"∆¨gTSg5e®KOgepßgenaHmanTwkmuxjjwme®JH sgÙwmfa manEt®kumx¬ÁneTEdlVnlut®kabsem†c“muneK . edIm∫ICarg√an' elIkTwkcit† sem†c“muxEtnwgdemI¬g[GatµaGjVnmYy®kWteTotCaBMuxan . cMENknayTahanEdlCiHk~¨gkam"∆¨gCamYymUl-sarI edayVnæJk¥xßw bexßøv k*E®bTwkmuxeTACaCUrdUcsIu®kUcqµaeTAvij . k∫ÁnLanTSg9e®KOgk*Qb'sMctenAPUmieQ¬øv cm©ay3K˘m˘xagekItP~M FibtI . eBlenaHLanhßIbnigLg'r"UEvrEdlemExµr®khmTSg10nak'CiHenaH k*br®tLb'mke®kay rYcE®skbJÇaedj[BYknayTahanTSgenaHcuHBILan ®BmTSghamfa minVc'[ykGI√@mktamx¬ÁneLIy . cUrsMrakenATIenH sincuH cMENkeyIg@nSLanTSgGs'eTATI®kugVt'dMbg edIm∫InwgdwknSG~k rdΩkarepßg@mkbEnƒmeTot . luHk∫ÁnLanTSg9e®KOgbrecjputbni†c ela kmUl-sarIGt'®TSminVnk*E®skbJÇafa – ®BHetCKuNTSgGs'K~a k~¨gnam xM∆¨CaemT&Bm~ak' xM∆¨sUmecjbJÇaCMnYselakeLg-ra"Gflul ! eBlenHGasn~mk dl'eyIgTSgGs'K~aehIy !

dUec~HebIman®Kab'kSePI¬gVj'e®sacmkelIeyI

g sUmelakEdlminTan's¬ab' ®tUvEtrYmkm¬SgK~art'sMrukcUldeNI†mGavuFBI xµSgmkvij edIm∫ItTl'rYcBIkI†s¬ab' . Jk¥bJÇak*®tUvcb'®twmeNH e®JHXa tkrcab'epI†mVj'kSePI¬gFMædUcrnÊH e®sacmkelI ecjmkBITisTSg8 . ®Kab'man®Kb'Fun 30m˘m˘, 60m˘m˘, 81m˘m˘ nig Gaka47 . nayTahan TSgGs'enaHdYls¬ab'KrelIK~a . cMENkelakmUl-sarI luH®KaGasn~mkdl'y"agenH elakk*edaHGav y&n†elIkTUlelIk∫al mat'CIbGUc@nwkKuNmatabita GMJvnav®Kb'Ebby"ag ´drbs'elakGUsTajnayTahan3nak'[rt'tamelakKW

vresniy‰kb"ul

GgkarCanrNa ?

63

-esOn, elakGnuesniyeTaXun nigelakm~ak'eTotminsal'eQµaH . luH eKcecjputBIlanmrN:eehIy yb'enaHnayTahanTSgbYnnak' k*sMerc bMEbkK~aeTAkan'TIedAerog@x¬Án . e®kaymk elakGnuesniyeTaXun ®tUvExµr ®khmcab'x¬ÁnVn ehIyVj'sm¬ab'ecalenAP~MsMeBA . cMENkelakmUl sarI VneTABYnsMNak'enAk~¨gPUmirnam-dUnsM . Ggkardak'Tis[elak X√aleKaGs'ry:eeBlbYnq~S . cMENkelakb"ul-esOnnigemT&Bm~ak'eTot enaHVt'muxrhUt . k∫ÁnLanTSg9e®KOgk*br®tLb'ecjmkkan'p¬ËvCatielx 5vij . mkdl'ehIyk*Qb'sMctenATIenaHmYysnʨH . ®sab'EtmanLan Lg'r"UEvrmYye®KOgbrmkQb'sMctTl'BImux rYcbeJçjG~kebIkbr6nak'fIµ CMnYsG~kmun EdleKdwkykeTAVj'ecalenAxagt∫ËgenaHbni†c . emExµr®k hmbgab'[G~kebIkbr6nak'fIµedaHelxLan®Kvat'ecal rYcbJÇa[ebIkbr cUleTAkan'TI®kugVt'dMbgvijtamBYkva . ´f©dEdlevlaem"ag 2resol manLankam"∆¨g4e®KOgbrcUlbrievNsa laext†Vt'dMbg erobk∫ÁndwknSnamWunG~krdΩkarsIuvil dUcCaelakPUQYyext† TI1-TI2, naykariyal&yTSgGs', ®BwTÏnaykmhaviT¥al&y, naykviT¥al& y nigG~kmuxG~kkar TSgGs'k~¨gTI®kugVt'dMbg . eBlenaHelak@TSgGs' 'es¬økJk'tam‰ksNÏan tamyss&ki†erog@x¬Ány"ag®twm®tUvsÌatVt®Kb' @ jjwme®tomx¬Ánrg'cSenATIenaHCae®sc edIm∫ITTYlsem†c“CaTInwkrlwk . k∫ÁnLanTSgbYne®KOgEhrecjBIsalaext†Vt'dMbg rYcbrq¬gsÊwgs Eg˚tamsıanfµcas'eTAkan'p¬ËvCatielx5 eBlenaHmanEtLanhßIbmYye®KO gKt'ebIkbrBImuxnSp¬Ëv . k~¨gLanhßIbmanEtemExµr®khmm~ak' mankSePI¬gxI¬ enAnwgceg˚HGg¨YEk∫rG~kebIkbr . enAVMgxage®kaymaneyaFaekµg@3nak' kan'kSePI¬gGaEGflrEkg®Kb'@´dCaG~kkarJr . emIlcuH, vaKµan®bug®by&t~eT e®JHvaeronsU®tVnsal'cMNucexßay ´nvr :C CnExµrTSgenaHc∫as'Nas', vaemIlgay, vasni~dΩanelakTSgGs' enaHCakUnTnßayGt'X¬an æEteQµaHsem†c“k*eVlsMrukcUlGnÊak'dUceXI jeckTMu . manelakFMx¬HEdlminTan'maneQµaHk~¨gbJÇI edaymkBIx¬ÁneTIb nwgp¬as'mkdl'ext†Vt'dMbg k*eTATTUcsMueKeTACamYyEdr . k∫ÁnLanTSg®VMe®KOgbrtamp¬ËvCatielx5 . luHeTAdl'PUmiGUrtaemov ®sukemagÚsßI manp¬ËvlMmYykac'bt'eTAeq√geTAkan'PUmi´®C . emExµr®khm bJŒb'LanhßIb rYcelatcuHeFI√sJÔabJŒb'Lankam"∆¨gTSg4e®KOg ®BmTSg

GgkarCanrNa ?

64

E®skbJÇa[G~kCiHTSgGs'®BmTSgG~kebIkbr cuHBILanminVc'ykGI√tam x¬ÁneT rYcvabJÇa[beNI†rK~aeTAkan'PUmi´®C e®JHsem†c“cuHåTÏm∏aKc®kenATI enaH . luHk∫ÁndMeNIredIrputEtBIf~l'CatiVncm©ayEt300Em"®tb"ueNˆaH KWcM kN†alGnÊak'´n®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg EdlGgkarbJÇa[erobcMExße®tom BYnrg'cSCae®scy"aghµt'ct' . eBlenaHkSePI¬gt∫al'Fun300Em"®tb"ueNˆaH KWcMkN†alGnÊak'´n®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgEdlGgkarbJÇa[erobcMExße®tom BYnrg'cSCae®scy"aghµt'ct' . eBlenaHkSePI¬gt∫al'Fun30m˘m˘, 81m˘m nigGaka47 Vj'ecjBITisTSg8 e®sac®Kab'mkBIelIdUcrnÊH G~krge®KaH s¬ab'KrelIK~aKµanesssl'dl'm~ak'eLIy . exµacTSgenaHmaneKVneXIjpÊal'EP~knigsal' KWelakPUQYyext†TI 1, TI2, elaknYn-saminCacagh√agBnÏnaKar, elaksiun-sava"tCaecAh√ay®suksEg˚r, elaknn-navaCanaykviT¥al&y, elakys'-r"nCanayk mhaviT¥al&y, elaktUc-eXOmCasaÂs†acar¥, elakEkv-yUL¨gCanayk Ep~khirJÔvtƒ¨ext†, elaksflan-fUemXMus√ayeV", elakKW-sflanhU nighU-tug han CaefAEkeragc®kGareQI .l. mYysnʨHmanLanLg'r"UEvrmYye®KOgmkdl' k*beJçjG~kebIkbrfIµ4na k' rYcemExµr®khmbJÇa[edaHelxLankam"∆¨g®Kvat'ecal rYceLIgebIkbr LanenaHtamLanhßIbrbs'vacUlkan'TI®kugVt'dMbgvij . ´f©dEdlem"ag®bEhl3resol manLanFM@®Kb'Fun®bmaN30e®KOg tMerobcYrxageCIgviT¥al&y®BHmunIvgß nigmYyCYreTotxaglicrhUtdl'vt† PIPit edIm∫IdwkTahanecjBIviT¥al¥HbeJœatfa KYrEtecjBITI®kugVt' dMbgP¬am@ e®JHGaemrikSgmkTm¬ak'®Kab'Ebkk~¨geBlqab'enH . k∫ÁnLancMnYn30e®KOgenHdwknSTahaneTAkan'niKmsem†c“ XMutamWun manTahanm~ak'eQµaHesOnsl'enArs'VnGFib∫ayfa – eBlenaHem"ag ®bEhl5resol tMNagGgkar[sJÔabJŒb'LanTSgGs'CahUrEhrta mp¬ËvCatielx5, vaE®skbJÇa[TahanTSgGs'cuHBILan ®BmTSg®Vb'bEnƒ mfa minVc'ykGI√@tamx¬ÁneLIy˘˘˘ vabJÇa[cUleTAkan'niKmsem†c“ . luHedIrputEtbni†cBIf~l'CatiEtb"ueNˆaH vabJÇa[edIrcuHeTAvalE®sxageq√g ´d vabJÇa[tMerobCYrK~a[Vn®twm®tg' . karBitkEn¬genaHCakN†alGnÊak' Exße®tom´nXatkrGaf·kMVMg, vaB&TÏrg'cSVj'sm¬ab'ecalCae®sc . dUec~H

GgkarCanrNa ?

65

10naTIe®kayBIkartMerobCYr ®sab'EtkSePI¬g®Kb'FunVj'e®sac®Kab'dUcrnÊH sm¬ab'Tahand*kMst'TSgenaHKµanemt†a, ®tUvs¬ab'KrelIK~a . esOnEdlenA rs'edaymkBIecH®kabbn¬MCamYyexµac rhUtdl'Jk'kN†alyb'e®CAeTIb lUnvarecjmkBITIenaHmkVn . ´f©TI23emsadEdl ®bEhlem"ag4reso l manLankam"∆¨g10e®KOgerobk∫ÁnenAp¬ËvCatielx5 enAmuxviT¥al&yGflabXut, eBlenaHeXIjmit†sfluyelatcuHBILanhßIb manbJÇImYysn¬wkenA´d edIrcUleTAkan'brievNsalaEdlmanGs'elaknayTahanrg Edl®tUv eK®bmUlmkBI®Kb'TisTIcMnYn400nak' tMerobCYrCae®scrg'cSenATIenaH . mit†sfluyk*ehAeQµaH rYcbJÇa[edIrecjeTAeLIgLanCahUrEhr edaykuhk fanSykeTAeronsU®tenAext†esomrab . k∫ÁnLanenHbrq¬gsÊwgsEg˚rtam sıanfIµeTAkan'p¬ËvCatielx5 breqıaHeTAext†esomrab . muxk∫ÁnLanenH man LanhßIbmYye®KOg EdlmanemExµr®khmbYnnak'CiHenAk~¨genaHebIkbrnSp¬Ëv . xage®kaymanLanLg'r"UEvrBIre®KOg maneyaFaekµg@®bEhl18nak' kan'kSePI¬gGaEGflrEkg®Kb'´d CaG~kkarJrCUndMeNIr . luHk∫ÁnLaneTAdl' PUmiVt'kg LanhßIbQb' emExµr®khmelIk´dCasJÔabJÇa[LanTSg Gs'Qb'˘˘˘ emExµr®khmelatcuHBILan rYcE®skbJÇa[nayTahanrgTS genaHcuHBILan tMerobK~aCaCYr4@nak'tambeN†ayf~l' . ®sab'EtrMeBCenaH man®kumGaf·kMVMgd*e®cInelIslb'ecjmkbg˙ajx¬Án es¬økJk'exµA maDtU c@ muxmat'minEmnCaExµreT manGavuF®Kb'FunB&TÏCab'Cae®sc . eBlenaHmanmnusß®bEhl100nak' ≤tGavuFelatecjmk rYccab'Ta hanrgGs'TSgenaHcgs¬abeskbYn@nak'epÌabK~a rYcehIyk*Vj'sm¬ab' ecalenATIenaHeTA . ®sukmglbUrI manksidΩanExµr-Cb"unmYysiƒtenAEk∫rp¬ËvCatielx5 . cab'tSgBI®beTskmı¨CaekItsÂgam eKykkEn¬genaHCaTItSgkgT&BCati . enA´f©TI19emsa man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgd*e®cInelIslb'ecjmk B&TÏTIenaHCab'tSgBI®Blwm . luHdl'em"ag9 emrbs'vaE®sktamem®kU bJÇa [naynigkUnTahan ®BmTSg®bBnÏkUn [ecjBIpÊH®bmUlK~aCYbCMukN†al valksidΩan . luHecjmkCYbCMue®scVc'ehIy vabJÇa[Vj'cMruHeTAelI Cnrge®KaHGs'TSgenaH . ®Kab'e®sacædUcrnÊH Cnrge®KaHdYls¬ab'Kg eCIgelIK~aKµansl'dl'm~ak'eLIy . ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

66

Ggkaredj®bCaCn[fyecjBITI®kugVt'dMbg

enA´f©TI23emsa em"ag®bEhl5resol e®kayBIdwknSnayTahan nayTahanrg namWunG~krdΩkarsIuvil nigG~kmuxG~kkarecjputBITI®kugGs' ®sab'EtmanLanhßIbCae®cIne®KOgebIkbrJseBjTI®kug

E®skbMBg

sem¬gtamem®kU ecjbJÇaCadac'Nat' edj®bCaCnTSgGs' [fyecj BITI®kug[Gs'k~¨gry:eeBl24em"ag . luHæpÊal'®tecoknUvbJÇaCadac'Nat'd*cEm¬krbs'Ggkar EdlKµanExµr Nasal'CanrNaenaH man®bCaCnExµrx¬HP&ytk's¬¨tx¬SgeBkk*s¬ab'P¬am åTahrNd _ Ucelakehg-Lag cagh√agsaladMbUg elakKSgebHdUgs¬a b'mYyrMeBc . man®sICae®cInsn¬b'Vt'sµartI manrUbxM∆¨CaedImEdlsn¬b'V t'sµartICae®cInem"ag luHdwgx¬ÁneLIgvijeTIbyMdUcmnusßqÁt . man®bCaCn x¬Hrt'eTAedkkN†alf~l' sm¬ab'x¬Án[Lankin . man®sICae®cInJn'nak' Edl®tUvGgkarbMEbkbI† nSeTATIGaf·kMVMg kMBugGg¨ysMkuk{bkUnsMrk'Twk EP~k ekItTuk≈swgVt'viJÔaN e®JHsgß&ysµanfa GgkarnSbI†GjeTAsm¬ab' eTdwg ? ®sab'EtæfaGgkarecjbJÇaedj®bCaCn[fyecjBITI®kug dUec~HTuk≈ mYyCan'd*F©n' mksg˚t'elITuk≈mYyCan'eTot . man®sIx¬Hman´pÊeJH®Kb'Ex˘˘ kUnc∫gkMBugQWe®kakminrYc bI†®tUvGgkarnSykeTATTYlsem†c“˘˘˘ ®sab' Et≤LËvenH®tUveKedj[fycakecjBITIlMenA˘˘˘ {vasna´n®bCaCnExµr ! ´nÂsI†Exµrd*kMst'eGIy˘˘˘ etIeTACay"agNaeTA ? enAk~¨gkal:eeTs:eenH KµannrNaGacCYynrNaVneLIy . ®Blwm´f© TI24emsa ®bCaCnCitmYylannak' ®tUvEtfyecjBITI®kugVt'dMbg . ´d m≈agBrkUntUc ´dm≈ageTotdwk´dkUnFM manEtsMJymYyenAelIx~g swgEt Vt´dTeTTSgGs'K~a . ®bCaCnTSgGs'edIrefIµreCIg e®JHGgkaresI~rfyn† m"UtU rWum"k kg' tSgBI´f©TI19emsaGs'rlIgeTAehIy . man®KYsarx¬H®tUv EsgEm"“cas'Cra, Esg®bBnÏEdleTIbsMralkUnehIy, EsgbgbÌËnQW F©n'…Bikar beNI†reTAKµanTIedA . enA´f©TI27emsa

GgkarecjbJÇaCadac'Nat'bEnƒmmkeTot

KWedj

GgkarCanrNa ?

67

®bCaCnTSgGs' [fyecj[putBIf~l'Cati BIdgsÊwgcm©ayy"agticBIrKI LËEm"®t e®JHGgkarbEg√gdankMu[ExµreXIjBYkeyokkugcUlmk®bmUlGanikCnyYn nig®TB¥sm∫ti†®beTsExµr dwkykeTA®sukyYn . eBlenaHraÂs†G~kE®s ®tUvfyecjBIlMenATSgGs'K~a . {BueTÏaeGIy ! etIExµrCamças'TwkdIrab'lannak'enaH nSkUntUc@ Em"“cas' Cra eTA®CkenA‰Na ? . ExemsaCardUvek†A sItuN˙PaBeLIgdl'kMrit45 Ggßar . Exµrrs'enAkN†alvall˙el˙v, kN†al´®Bsµsan BwgdICaE®K Bwg emXCadMbUl . kEn¬gx¬HKµanTwk kEn¬gx¬HKµanGus˘˘˘ . kMBugGs'sgÙwmeda y®tUvedkcSeBls¬ab'e®JHGt'Twk eBlenaHman®bp~ËlmYyd*Gsçar¥ emIl cuHkMBugek†AEhgGnÊHsar emX®sLHeFgKµanBBk ®sab'EtenA´f©TI29 emsaem"ag3resol maneP¬øgmYyemy"agFM k~¨gry:eeBl®bEhlbIem"ag . dUec~HtamvalE®s TwkmankMBs'15sg'TIEm"®t . enAtamGN†ËgnanamanTw khUry"ageBj@ . b"uEn†nwkeTAKYr[GaeNacGaFm·dl'ExµrTSgGs'enaHNa s' TSgcas' TSgekµg TSgG~kQW TSgG~kCa ®sI@eTIbnwgsMralkUnrYc Ca BiessG~kenATI®kug EdlminF¬ab'CYb®bTHnUvsƒanPaBEbbenH luH®tUvenA kN†aleP¬øgkN†alx¥l'Cit3em"agdUec~H k*rgarjak'j&rdUc®Kuncaj'®Kb'@ K~a . G~kx¬HE®skf©Ërfa – « {eTvtaelakeGIy ! etIrs'enAy"agdUcem†ceTA sUmelakCYypg@ ! » . evTnarebobenH eyIgF¬ab'eXIjEtk~¨gerOgkuneT EteBlenHGgkareFI√[Exµrrab'lannak' ®bTHesckI†evTnapÊal'@EP~k . yb' enaH KµannrNaTTYlTandMeNkekIteT ®Kb'@K~abeNI†r®KYsarrkdITYlxıs' minlicTwkedIm∫InwgGg¨y®teVmk∫alk∫alCgg'Tl'P¬W˘˘˘. ®bCaCnExµrEdlePosx¬ÁneTAkan'PUmikac'reTH k~¨gkgbwgFMshkrN_ ´®BtUcCae®cInJn'nak' edIredkJsval xagekItf~l'Catielx5mancm©ay BI2K˘m˘ KµanTICMrkTal'EtesaH . ®Kb'@K~aP&ytk's¬¨tCa´®kElg e®JH e®cIn´f©eTAehIy KµannrNaTTYlxus®tUvkarJrsni†suxeLIy . enA´f©TI14åsPa em"ag®bEhl3resol VnTTYldMNwgfa manG~k kan'k†ab'mkdl'ehIy . ®Kb'@K~ae®tkGrNas' rt'®bjayeTATTYlecAh√ayfIµ cg'dwgEpnkarfIµ . Gg®bCMuebIkenAkN†alvall˙el˙v kN†al´f© ek†A . luH®bCaCnCae®cInJn'nak'mkCYbCMuehIy mYysnʨHFMeTIbeXIjmit† LS, mit†Kin, mit†Tit . mit†TSgbInak'enHCaemecary"agkacsahav sMNak' enAEtk~¨g´®BrnamxagekItPUmibwgFMnigPUmikac'reTH .

eBlenaHmaneyaFa

GgkarCanrNa ?

68

ekµg@ Gayu®bEhl15q~S man®sI3nak' ®bus3nak' kan'kSePI¬gGaEGflrEkg ®Kb'@´dtamkarJr . eyaFaTSgenaHmanTwkmuxmS hak'dUcCamanKMnMurab' ryCatimkehIy …hak'dUcCae®skX¬ansac'Qam®ss'@mkBInay . mit†LSEP~k®khmEt¬ cab'epI†mniyayfa – « ®kumxM∆¨CatMNagGgkarpÊal' .

Ggkardak'TisbJÇËn®kumxM∆¨mkkan'k†ab'mit†TSgGs'enAkgbwgFMenH

.

eyIg®tUvEtebIksmrPUmivaysMruk eFI√E®s®VMg eFI√E®svsßa . BIe®JHmit† TSgGs'K~ahUbVy, VyekItmkBIE®s, dUec~HeyIg®tUvEtdS®sUv . tSgBI dUntamk minEdleXIjnrNahUb®kdas' Edlski†PUminigc®kBti†begI˚tCa DIb¬ËmenaHVneLIy . dgV"k˚aEdleKGg¨ysresrelItu k*hUbminekIt Edr . dUec~Hcab'BI´f©enHeTA GgkarbegI˚tdgV"k˚anigsIÊLËfIµ KWng&l rnas' Eb"l cb Ex√v .l. » . eBlenaHmanmit†2nak'epßgeTot edIrcUlmkkan' Gg®bCMu EP~k®khmEt¬

muxkaceXareXAd*Gsçar¥

.

mit†LSelIk´dcg̨l

ehI

y®Vb'®bCaCnfa – « enHmit†ehok enaHmit†yin . Ggkarcat'tSgCaQ¬b emIlkarxus®tUvshkrNe_ nA´®BtUceyIgenH » . luHcb'Gg®bCMud*e®kom®kMenH mit†LScab'epI†mb¬n'edaye®bIJk¥esI~CMnYs . mit†LS®bkasesI~naLika´d viT¥¨ m"UtU kg' m"asIunedr . Jk¥esI~saha vCagJk¥b¬n' e®JHGgkar[GP&y‰ksiTiÏy"ageBjeljdl'ecaredIresI~ . ebImças'®TB¥bdiesFmin[ecareT GgkarGnuJÔat[sm¬ab'ecalcuH rYcecaT fak∫t'Ggkar . cab'tSgBI´f©enaHmk ®kumenH®tYt®taraÂs†Exµrtamrbbecar KWedIresI~exÊc xIÊ rYcsm¬ab'ecal .l. nig .l.

❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

69

erOgcEm¬kEdlkUnExµr®tUvEtdwg

enA´f©TI23emsa em"ag5kn¬Hresol GgkarkMBugGnuvt†Epnkare®bIkl l∫icPreVkG~krdΩkarenAext†Vt'dMbg®Kb'@Ep~k dwknSykeTAcUlGnÊak' Edl®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg erobcMExße®tomrg'cSVj'sm¬ab'ecal˘˘˘. cMENkmit†sflUEbrCaeTAxßibbuKlikeBT¥®ksYgrfePI¬g nigkmµkrerag c®ktMVj famit†TSgGs'®tUvenA[es©ømmYykEn¬gsin cSs†ab'bJÇasarCa fµI . enA´f©TI24emsa em"ag®bEhl10®Bwk GgkarbJÇa[ehAbuKlikeBT¥ TSgGs'®BmTSg®KYsar ®bmUlK~aeTACYbCMuenAk~¨gmnIÊreBT¥FMenAVt'dMbg . luHmkCYbCMue®scVc' k*eXIjmit†sflUebIkLanLg'r"UEvrmkQb'enATIenaHlµm mit†sflUcuHBILan rYcelIk´dcg̨lLankam"∆¨g3e®KOg Edlerobk∫Ánrg'cSCa e®sc ®BmTSgecjbJÇaCadac'Nat'TSgbg≈M dl'buKlikeBT¥®BmTSg®KY sar ®tUvEteLIgLanenaH . buKlikeBT¥TSgGs'eTACaKSgmat' KµanJk¥tva" ®tUvEtpßge®Bgdwk´d kUn beNI†r®bBnÏ tMerobCYreLIgLantambJÇadac'Nat'enHeday´dTeT®Kb' K~a . manbuKlikeBT¥x¬HCaG~kyam eBlenaH®tUvEteLIgLanP¬am dUec~HCab' tamx¬ÁnmanEtexaGavyamb"ueNˆaH rI‰®bBnÏkUn k*®tUvEbkK~arhUt tSgBI´f© enaHmk . k∫ÁnLanEhrecjBImnIÊreBT¥ edaymanLanLg'r"UEvrebIkbredaymit† sflUCaG~knSp¬Ëv rYceTAQb'sMctenAvt†suPI . mkdl'TIenH mit†sflUelatcuHBI Lan®BmTSgniyayfa cUrenAsMNak'TIenHsincuH cSs†ab'bJÇaCafIµ . rYc ehIymit†sflUk*dwknSk∫ÁnLanTeTenaH®tLb'eTAvijVt' . ®Bwk´f©TI27emsa eXIjmit†sflUmkCYbbuKlikeBT¥ EdleKykmkcak' ecalenAvt†suPITSgGs'enaH . elakBwg-Kimsfla CaevCÇbNiÎtnigCanayk eBT¥FMenAext†Vt'dMbg Camit†Cits~iTÏmit†sflU elakEtgEtåbtƒm∏dl'®bBnÏ kUmmit†sflU eBlEdlmit†sflUrt'ecal®suk . dUec~HelakBwg-KimsflaVnsI†benÊasmit†sflUy"agesµaHfa –

En±sflU ! etIGgkarCanrNaeK ? Ggkarrbs'sflU

GgkarCanrNa ?

70

‰gGnuvt†Epnkard*qÁtlIla . karCen¬øs®bCaCny"agenH KWsm¬ab'nigbMp¬ajCati‰geTNa±˘˘˘ ®TB¥sm∫ti† edImeQI dMNSdSduHEdlmças'edIrecal ®tUvvinashinehacTSgGs'ehIyk~¨geBlenH . eBlenaHmit†sflUeFI√muxs©Át k*elIk´ds†Sekok´deq√gelakKimsfla rYcbeNI†reTAq©ayputBIbuKlikTSgLay rYcQrxßibK~ay"agyUr eTIbdwk´dK~amk kan'kEn¬gdEdlvij . elakKimsflamuxs©Át manGarmµNG _ nÊHsarCax¬Sg . elaksm¬wgshkarI rbs'elakmYysnʨHFM eTIbelakniyayfa – xM∆¨sUmlaelak@eTAeFI√karenA vt†´®C®sukemagÚsßIehIy˘˘˘. ®Blwm´f©28emsa elakBwg-KimsflabeNI†rkUn®bBnÏedIrefIµreCIgeTA kan'vt†´®C . elak®tUvedIrkat'PUmikac'reTH ehIyVnCYbelakyI-vij®TI Ca nayksalBiesaFne_ nAmnIÊreBT¥FM´nTI®kugVt'dMbg . elakTSgBIrnak' beNI†rK~aeKccUlk~¨g´®Bs∫at rYcCECkK~ay"agyUr . elakKimsfla®Vb' elakvij®TIfa – mit†sflUkMejIj®BmTSg®BmanelakdUcteTA – En±sfla ebIcg' rs'enAteTAeTot ®tUvecHGt'Fµt' ®tUvecHeFI√KrefI√f¬g' ®tUvecHksagx¬Án CMrHkar ‰kCnNa± . sfla‰gCamit†Cits~iTÏnwgxM∆¨ F¬ab'CYyEfTS®KYsarrbs'xM∆¨ dUec~HxM∆¨ ®Vb'nUvKMeragkarNG _ af·kMVMgmYyCaBiess KWGgkare®KagTukExµrEtbYnmWu nnak' [eFI√Camças'TwkdIkmı¨CaEtb"ueNˆaH . e®kABIenaH®tUvykecj . elak evCÇbNiÎtBwg-KimsflaniTandl'®twmh~wg elak®sk'TwkEP~ke®cak@ rYck*bn† eTAeTot . luHæy"agenH xM∆¨k*sm¬k'sm¬wgmit†sflU®BmTSgKMhksYrfa etIela k@EdleTATTYlsem†c“BI´f©munenaHy"agem"ceTAehIy ! » . eBlenHedI m∫IseÂgaHsfla‰g EdlCaG~kmanKuNd*elIslb'cMeJH®KYsarxM∆¨ eTIbxM∆¨´l lkdak'TisbJÇËnsfla‰g[eTAeFI√karenAvt†´®CCabnÊan'enH .l. nig .l. eBlenaHelakBwg-Kimsfla{belak®TI®BmTSgf©Ërxßwb@fa etIeCO…eT ? {®TIeGIyxM∆¨manGarmµNt _ k's¬¨tNas'˘˘˘ En±®TI˘˘˘ manEt®TI‰geTeTIbxM∆¨®Vb' Na± !˘˘˘. cMENkelak®TIluHVns†ab'nUvGB∏ËtehtuminKYr[eCO EtCaerOgBit elakk*®sk'TwkEP~ke®cak@ eday®seNaHelaksflabeNI†rbI†®bBnÏkat' PUmi kat'val kat'´®B pßge®BgeTAkan'vt†´®C siƒtenAmat'´®Brnam Vt´d TeTmindwgCavasnaGnaKtvanwgeTACay"agNa ? eBlelak®TIykCayGavCUtTwkEP~k ®BmTSgGtƒaFib∫aybJÇak'GB∏Ëtehtud*Ga®kk'dUcK~aenHCMrabelaksflafa –

« xM∆¨VTEtgEteTAcak'f~S[®KYsar

GgkarCanrNa ?

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KN®sukeQµaHkk' enAPUmi´®BtUcxagt∫ËgenH . mit†kk'k*®BmanxM∆¨VTfa [ ecHeFI√x√ak' eFI√f¬g'eFI√K eTIbGacq¬gputmhae®KaHkacenH e®JHGgkarmanKMera gkarsm©at'TukraÂs†Exµr[enAsl'Et4mWunnak'GJçwgEdr . eBlenaHelakTSgBIrmanGarmµNt _ k's¬¨tCay"agx¬Sg eTACaKSgmat'rk Jk¥niyayteTAeTotElgekIt . sm¬wgmuxK~ay"agyUrGs'sgÙwm k*sMula EbkK~aeTAkan'TIedAerog@x¬Án . k~¨geBlEbkK~aCacuge®kayenH elakTSgBIrGg¨yk†¨kk†Álk~¨gcit†BMuGac rkJk¥eBcn‰ _ NamkBN·naVneLIy . elakTSgBIrnak'EbkK~arhUt !˘˘˘ e®JHenATIbJçb', G~k®BmaneKkI† G~k®tUveK®BmankI† ®tUvGgkarecjbJÇa[ sm¬ab'ecalCabn†bnÊab' ˘˘˘dUcCamit†kk'EdlKN®suk ehIyEdlBIGtItka lCaKUlIErkdI nigCaecarlYcman'Ta Vn®tUvGgkarcat'[eKsm¬ab'ecalenA ´f©TI20 tula q~S1978 evlaem"ag8yb' . mit†sflU®tUveKcab'x¬ÁnenA´f©TI21åsPa1977 . bYnExe®kaymk ®bBnÏ mit†sflU®tUveKcab'x¬ÁneTot KWenA´f©TI8kJÔaq~SdEdl . GgkarecjbJÇa[ ykeTAdak'KukTYlEs¬g eFI√TaruNkmµsineTIbsm¬ab'ecalTSgBIrnak'enA´f© TI18tula1977 . - Ggkar[eKcab'x¬ÁnelakBwg-KimsflaenAyb'´f©TI11 viciœka 1976 nS ykeTAdak'KukTYlEs¬g . edaysarTaruNkmµelIx¬Án elakk*s¬ab'enA´f©6 åsPa 1977 eTA . - GgkarbJÇa[eKsm¬ab'elakeBT¥yW-vij®TIenA´f©TI11 viciœka 1976 .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

72

GB∏ËtehtuEdlbgbÌËnExµr®tUvEtdwg edIm∫Iykmk®tiHriHBicarNa - ´f©TI23emsa1975 enAext†Vt'dMbg ExµrEdlCamças'TwkdIkMBug®tUv rge®KaH . G~krdΩkar®Kb'Ep~k G~kmuxG~kkar ®tUvGgkar®bmUlnSykeTAsm¬a b'ecalP¬am@ . ExµrCag1lannak'EdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' ®tUvGgkaredj [cakecjBIlMenAdΩan ecalTIkEn¬g ®tUvfyecjq©ayBITI®kug BIp¬ËvKmnaK mn_ TSgp¬ËveKak TSgp¬ËvTwk ( cm©ayy"agtic2K˘m˘BIp¬ËvCati nigBITen¬ ) .l. nig .l. - pʨyeTAvij enA´f©dEdlem"ag1resol GgkarEbrCacat'mnusßGaf· kMVMgy"ags©at'bMput eTAxßib®Vb'GnikCnyYnk~¨gext†Vt'dMbgTSgmUl®K b'CMrM ®Kb'@TIkEn¬g facUr[enAes©ømmYykEn¬gsin cSs†ab'bJÇaGgkarCafIµ . eBlenaHmanyYnm~ak'eQµaHLag enACMrMyYnmYysiƒtenAcm©ay100Em"®t xagt∫ËgpÊHxM∆¨ . G~k®sIyYnenHs¬n'es¬art'mkCYbxM∆¨ehIyxßib®Vb'fa – « KYr EtxM∆¨®bmUl®KYsarcUlkan'CMrMyYn e®JHGgkarerobcMdwkCen¬øsGnikCnyYn eTAkan'®beTsyYnvijehIy » . cMENkxM∆¨kMBugveg√gsflugKitGI√ElgeXIj eTAehIy, xM∆¨minTukcit† k*bdiesFmincUlCMrMyYnenaHeT .l. GgkarbJÇa[®bmUlGnikCnyYnk~¨gext†Vt'dMbgTSgGs'y"ags©at' dw knSecjbIelIk ykeTAlak'Tukk~¨g®beTsyYn cakputBIe®KaHf~ak'˘˘˘ TuklY cbn¬MeFI√ExµrenAelIke®kayvij .

vibti†enA´b"line®kay®Bwti†karN1 _ 7emsa77 ´b"linCa®kugmYyd*Esnmenarm¥ d*Esnsuxsan† siƒtenAcm©ay80K˘ m˘ xaglicext†Vt'dMbg . ´b"linsMbUreTAedayt∫Ëgd*mant´m¬BN·®khm ´btg exovtamFmµCati nigEp¬eQIEb¬k@dUcCa ®kUccin, savm"av, FUernCaedIm . k~¨gq~S1975 ®kug´b"linman®bCaCn®bmaN1Esnnak' PaKe®cInCaG~k

GgkarCanrNa ?

73

man®TB¥sm∫ti†d*s†¨ks†m∏ . enA´f©17emsa elakhflul-etanGPiVlext†´b"linebIkGg®bCMu rvag nayTahanTSgGs' enAk~¨gbrievNsalaext† . elak®bkasGMJvnavfa eyIg®tUvEtkarJr®kug´b"lin rhUtdl'degI˙mcuge®kaybgÌs' ! . eBlenaH nayTahanx¬HelIk´dtva" sMupÌakQb'bn†sÂgam e®JHmincg'eXIjQam ExµrhUrteTAeTot mincg'eXIjExµrsm¬ab'ExµrteTAeTot . emIlcuHKYr[s†ayNas'@ ! KµanelakNayl'nUvlk≈N:B Bit®Vkd rbs'sÂgamEdlpʨHk~¨g®sukExµreLIy˘˘˘ KµanelakNadwgnUve®KaHPyn†ra y EdlbMrugnwgekIteLIgenAeBlqab'@xagmuxenHeT . ®Kb'@K~a TSgraÂs† TSgnamWun TSg®BHsgÙ TSg®Khsƒ TSgTahan TSgsIuvilyl'®cLMfa ExµrsIhnu-exovsMpnc∫SgK~aCamYyExµrln'-nl' . enA´f©dEdl em"ag®bEhl3kn¬Hresol manExµrCae®cInnak' nS®KYsar rt'eTAkan'GUrLak'

rYcq¬gEdneTAkan'®beTs´f

.

´f©TI18emsa1975

ExµrEdlmancit†®sLaj'b†Ërp†ac'TwkdI nSK~acat'EcgtSgKNkmµaFikarBiessmYy

rg'cSTTYlecAh√ayfIµ

.

®kumenHminEmnGg¨yertamx¥l'

KWerobcMTTYledayesµaHsµ&®K esµaH®tg' nigrIkray . e®JHBYknamWunEdl bn†dMENgBIelakln'-nl' ®b®Bwt†GMeBIBukrlYyy"agx¬Sg rs'enAswgEt minekIteTAehIy . ®Kb'@K~ayl'®cLMy"agx¬Sgnwksµan@fa ebImansem†c “yag®tLb'mk®Kb'®Kg®beTskmı¨Cavij edaymanexov-sMpnCaG~kKS®T pgenaH vaCakar®besIrNas' . KN:k kmµaFikarenHGg¨yminsuxbk'minrehIy QrminnwgedayGnÊHsar rg'cSemIlp¬Ëvmças'fIµ . luHEsÌkeLIg enA´f©TI19emsa evlaem"ag2resol eTIbeXIjBYkeyaFaekµg@mYy®kumGayu®bEhl15q~S mancMnYn®bmaN30 nak' man®sIman®bus es¬økJk'exµA Jk'Es∫keCIgekAsflUkg'Lan kan'GavuF ®Kb'@´d . emdwknSeQµaHmit†bflun CaGtitemecary"agsahav . mit†bflunCatM NagGgÌkarVnedIreTACYbKNkmµaFikar EdlkMBugerobcMeP¬gkMdr ®BmTSg nSK~atMerobCYrcSTTYl˘˘˘. minVnGbGrsaTrnwgkarTTYlenHeT pʨyeTAvij ®kummit†bflun EbrCaeFI√muxmS dUccgKMnMucg'sIusac'hutQammkBInay . mit†bflunsm¬k'sm¬wgKNkmµaFikarmYysnʨH ( enHKWs√aVneLIgesay raC¥ ) rYcecjbJÇay"agkMbutkMbuy hamXat'Qb'[eFI√cracrCadac'xat . enA®Blwm´f©TI22emsa

man®bkasebIkGg®bCMumYyenAsala®suk´b"

GgkarCanrNa ?

74

lin . Exµre®tkGrNas'®bmUlK~aQUqrmks†ab'Epnkarmças'fIµy"agkuHkr . mYysnʨHeXIjemecarm~ak'eQµaHmit†lk ecjbg˙ajx¬ÁnkN†alGg®bCMu ®b kasfax¬ÁnCatMNagGgkar ( enATINak*eday eBlæeQµaHGgkar ®bCaCn EtgEtEbrsm¬wgemIlmuxK~a rYclYcxßwbsYrK~afa CanrNaeGH ? dUec~HC&y cMnHminEmnrbs'sem†c“nigexov-sMpneT… ? ) . mit†lkk*beJœattamkll∫ic EdlGgkardak'Tis[Cae®sc . emIl cuH mit†lk®bkasfa – mit†@CaTIeKarBTSgGs'

Ggkar®tUvkarnayTahan

edIm∫ICYybg˙at'be®gonyuTÏCn yuTÏnarIbdivt†ne_ kµg@ EdlenAl©g'ex¬A[ecH e®bIkSePI¬gFM viT¥¨ ebIkrfe®kaH …ebIkkV"l'ehaHCaedIm .l. dUec~H®BWkEsÌ kenH mit†nayTahanTSgGs'®tUves¬økJk'Ca‰ksNÏan tambuN¥s&ki† rYcmkCYbCMuK~aenAmuxsalaext†evlaem"ag7kn¬HCakMhit . cMENknayTahanrgnigBlTahan ®tUvrg'cSTTYlbJÇarbs'GgkarCafIµ . ´f©TI23emsaevlaem"ag7kn¬H enAmuxsalaext†´b"lin eKeXIjLan kam"∆¨g12e®KOgerobk∫ÁnCae®sc . eBlenaHnayTahancMnYn350nak' es¬økJk'‰ksNÏany"agsÌaterog@x¬Án muxjjwmtMerobCYreLIgLanenaH . manLanLg'r"UEvrmYye®KOg nigLanhßIbmYye®KOg manExµr®khm10na k'kan'GavuF®Kb'´d brmuxk∫ÁnnSp¬Ëv . « PrfaeTAkan'ext†Vt'dMbg e®JHext† Vt'dMbgx√Hsm∏ar:b bg˙at'be®goneyaFabdivt†n_ » . bnÊab'mk eKeXIjnayTahanTSg350nak'enHs¬ab'KrelIK~a ehImsıÈg @®tg'p¬ËvbMEbkeTAs†ScUleTAkan'PUmisMLËt . k~¨gcMeNamnayTahanTSg Gs'enH eKVnsal' – elakvr:eesniyeTaEhm-Gk˚aesrI, elakembJÇa kar®sflun-lI, elakGnuesniyeTaCa-®KI, eLA-sug, sYn-mac, XYn-sabn fl^ Esn-esg, Em"n-hYn . ´f©dEdlevlaem"ag11 Lankam"∆¨g10e®KOgdwknayTahanrgCag300 nak' nSykeTAVj'ecalenA®tg'®tJMgEk . ´f©dEdlem"ag2resol manLankam"∆¨g7e®KOg dwkTahancMnYn300 nak' nSykeTAVj'ecalenAkN†al´®BcMcen¬aHPUmiE®tgnigsMLËt . enA´f©TI27emsa manLanhßIb4e®KOgdak'åeKÙasns&BÊ brBIkEn¬g mYyeTAkEn¬gmYy E®sk®bkasnUvbJÇarbs'Ggkar edjy"agbg≈M[®bCa CnTSgGs' cakecjBITI®kug´b"link~¨gry:eeBl3´f© . dUec~HvasnaExµrenA ´b"link*dUcCavasnaExµrTSgGs'enA®Kb'TI®bCMuFM@´n®sukExµrEdr KW®tUvBrkUn

GgkarCanrNa ?

75

tUc dwk´dkUnbnÊab' EsgPriyaCitsMralkUn …sMralkUnehIyenAfIµ@ Esg “Bukm†aycas'Cra .l. cab'tSgbI´f©TI25dl'´f©TI28emsa GgkarecjbJÇa[ekNÎmnusß e d I r ® b m U lG a v u F ® K b ' F u n V n y" a g e ® c I n e lI slb ' e lI k e r o b d a k ' La n r Y c d w k nSecjeTAkan'TIGaf·kMVMg . eKminVneXIjG~kebIkbrLanvil®tLb'mk CYbCMu®KYsarvijeT . TSgLan TSgGavuF TSgG~kebIkbr˘˘˘ eTAVt'sUn¥ . ´f©TI29emsaevlaem"ag10kn¬H manLankam"∆¨gmYye®KOgbrmkQb' enAmuxsalaext†´b"lin . GgkarbJÇa[ehAG~krdΩkarCan'xıs' nigG~krdΩ kar‰eTot@CabnÊan' mancMnYn25nak' edaykuhkfaeTAcUlrYmmITijenAext† Vt'dMbg . LanhßIbmYye®KOgdwkExµr®khm5nak' kan'GavuF®Kb'´dbrnS p¬Ëv . e®kaymk eKeXIjexµacTSg25enH ´dCab'cMNg enAPUmiE®tg elI ciejIçmf~l'xags†S´d . enAl©ac´f©TI30emsaevlaem"ag4resol GgkarecjbJÇa®tUveVssM Gat®kug´b"lin ˘˘˘ebI®bCaCnNarwgTTwgmin®BmfyecjBITIlMenA min®Bm fyecjBITI®kug ®tUvVj'sm¬ab'ecalP¬am . k~¨geBlCamYyK~aenH Ggkar bJÇadl'®KYsar´nKN:k kmµkarCaG~krg'cSTTYlecAh√ayfIµenaH ®tUv®bmUl ®KYsarTSgGs' mkCYbCMuK~aenAsalaext†´b"lin rYcGgkarkuhkfa – mit†TS gGs'®tUvecj[putBITI®kugCabnÊan' e®JHGaemrikSgmkTm¬ak'®Kab'Ebkk~¨g eBlqab'@enH . dUec~H®KYsar´nKNkmµkarenH manLankam"∆¨g3e®KOgdwk nSykeTAVj'sm¬ab'ecal TSgbI†TSg®bBnÏkUn enA®tg'®tJMgEk rYmTSg CnCatiVrSgm~ak'eQµaH b"ugDI-esrIyag k*®tUveKVj'sm¬ab'enA®tg'TIenaH Edr . ´f©nigem"agdEdl GgkarbJÇa[nSG~keTasEdlrt'q¬gEdneTAkan'®beTs´f EdlExµr®khms˚at'cab'x¬ÁnVnenAGUrLak'cMnYn33Lan CaBiess LanEmrsWEds nigLanBWhßËkat'sg'kat' ®Kb'sJÇati CaefAEkt∫Ëg CaG~k mans†¨ks†m∏ nSykeTAVj'ecalenAmat'e®CaHbrtSgsflU rYcbr®tak'T&rQUs TSgexµac TSgmnusßEdlenArs' mankUnekµg manmnusßcas' TSgLanTm¬ak'e®CaHTSgGs'˘˘˘. manG~kcMkarm~ak'enAbrtSgsflUeQµaHsut-j"anVneXI jpÊal'EP~k Kat'r"ayra"b'erOgenHbeNI†r Kat'®KvIk∫al®sk'TwkEP~kbeNI†r ®BmTSgbJÇak'fa nwkeTAKYr[GaeNacGFm·dl'kUnekµgTSgLayenaHNas' eBlF¬ak'cUlk~¨ge®CaHd*e®CAy"agenaHeTAehIy

enAæsUrsem¬gE®skyM

GgkarCanrNa ?

76

®KlYc˘˘˘.l. Ggkarcat'karsm¬ab'ExµrVny"aggaytaml∫iccit†saÂs† nigtamcMNucexßaynana åTahrNd _ UcCa – - enAext†Vt'dMbg Ggkardwgnigsal'cMNucexßaynamWunExµr®Kb'Ep~k ®Kb'Can'f~ak'®sLaj'sem†c“ dUec~Hva®tUve®bIeQµaHsem†c“Canuy . eBl enaHvae®bIJk¥mYyX¬afa – ‹‹‹ « sMuGeJIÇjGs'elakeTATTYlsem†c“ » X¬aenHs&ki†siTiÏGsçar¥Nas'˘˘˘ G~kNaeTAKWs¬ab' . - enArdΩFanIP~MeBj Ggkardwgnigsal'cMNucexßaynamWunExµr®Kb'Ep~k ®Kb'Can'f~ak' EdlsÌatsÌM Gg¨yrg'cSertamx¥l' edayyl'fa « etIrbb Namin®tUvkarG~kecH ? » eBlenaHvae®bIEtJk¥mYyX¬afa – ‹ « sMuGejIÇjGs'elakcUlx¬ÁnmkCYyksagCati » G~kcUlKWs¬ab' . - enA®suk´b"link*dUec~aHEdr vae®bIEtJk¥mYyX¬a[®tUvcMcMNucexßay rbs'nayTahanKW – ‹‹‹ « sMuGeJIÇjemT&BeTACYybg˙at'be®goneyaFaExµr®khml©g'@ » nrNaeTAtamvaKWs¬ab' . emIlcuH ! Jk¥EtbIX¬aCaGavuFd*s&ki†siTiÏGsçar¥ GgkarGaceVknamWun Exµr®Kb'@Ep~k ®Kb'@Can'f~ak' ®bmUlnSykeTAVjecalVny"aggay min BiVkbg≈M minBiVkcg˘˘˘. Ggkarcat'karsm¬ab'Exµrs¬Ët®tg' KµankMhusEdlCamças'TwkdIBit@ Kµa nCMnMuCMrH manPaB®twm®tUvtamlMnSJk¥e®bob®bedArbs'exµachU-CImij TUnµankUnecArbs'vafa ®tUvsm¬ab'mnusßsucrit va®besIrCagTuks®tUv[rs' enA e®JHvasni~dΩanfa ExµrCas®tUvrbs'va . GgkarGnuvt†Vn®twm®tUvnUvJk¥bN†Srbs'hU-CImijmYyX¬aeTotEdl niyayfa – ebIeFI√sÂgamCamYyExµr « Q~H®Kb'®Kg˘˘˘ caj'eFI√esdΩI » kal eNaHGgkarbJÇËnevotkugcUlmkkan'®beTsExµr ®bmUlb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†nKrExµr dwkCJÇËneTAkan'®sukyYnedayesrI .l. nig .l. m"¥agvijeTot CadMbUg, Ggkarcab'k∫alExµrnigExµr[®bCl'K~a [sm¬ab' K~asin . kaleNaHbkßExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpneF√s®bEhs beN†ayx¬Án[caj'eVkGgkarF©n'CagF©n' . k~¨gry:eBl13´f©dMbUg qÁtvk'vI edIr GeJIÇj®bmUlTahan mÂnI†

G~krdΩkar®Kb'Can'f~ak'

®BmTSg®BHsgÙEdl

GgkarCanrNa ?

77

ecHcSvin&ye®CA®CH dwknSykeTAcUlk~¨gGnÊak'Exße®tomrbs'XatkrGaf·kM VMg ˘˘˘®tUv®kumenHsm¬ab'ecalexÊc . ❑

❑ ❑

yYnxageCIgeVkyYnxagt∫Ëg

ebIeyIgeFI√kare®bobeFobGMBIkll∫iceVkrbs'yYnxageCIgmkelIyY nxagt∫Ëg eTAnwgkll∫iceVk®bmUlnamWunExµr TSgTahanTSgsIuvilenA rdΩFanIP~MeBjnigenA´b"lin eyIgeXIjfarebobTSgBIrenHmansPaBdUcK~a. EtyYnminsm¬ab'sasny _ YneT . 13´f©e®kay®Bwti†karNe_ nA®sukExµr KWenA´f©TI13emsa1975 yYnha NUycUlkan'kab'TwkdIyYnxagt∫Ëg . 4…5´f©e®kay®Bwti†karNe_ nA´®BnKr (´sh˚g) BYkrdΩkaryYnxagt∫Ëg ®Kb'@rUb xMsm©Mlak'x¬Án . cMENkyYnhaNUymanlkll∫ic®JgTukCa e®scy"aghµt'ct' . enAeBleTIbcUlmkdl' vaminTan'beJçjskmµPaB eXareXAP¬ameT . vaTuk[G~krdΩkarTSgGs'enaHBYn[Gs'cit† [Gs'sgÙwm e®JHvadwgfa BYkG~krdΩkaryYnxagt∫Ëg TSgEp~kTaham TSgEp~ksIuvil dl' eBldac'Ex « KWdl'eBldac'x¥l'˘˘˘ Gs'luy Gs'es∫øg » .l. ®VM´f©e®kaymk ®sab'EtmanLanhßIbCae®cIne®KOg dak'åeKÙasns&BÊebIkbrJseBj®kugnigext†nana

nigrdΩFanI´®BnKr E®skpßayfa –

mit†CaTI®sLaj', Ggkar®bkaselIkElgeTasmit†TSgGs' eTaHmanfan: CaGI√k*eday . ≤LËvGgkarsMuGeJIÇjmit†TSgGs' cUlmkcuHeQµaHtam®ksY gerog@x¬Án edIm∫IeTAhat'erontamrebobfIµ tamEp~k@ manry:eBl1Ex…2 Ex rYcswmvil®tLb'mkCYyeFI√karbMerICatieLIgvij

tam®ksYgerog@x¬Ánd-

Edl˘˘˘ e®JHbUdUyCab'rvl'eFI√sÂgam minVneronsU®t˘˘˘ GgkarelIx√HG~k ecHdwg .l. cMENk‰nayTahannignayTahanrg sUmGeJIÇjmkCY ybg˙at'be®gonbUdUy[ecHe®bIrfe®kaH

[ecHkan'kSePI¬gFM

[ecHe®bIviT¥¨˘˘˘

GgkarCanrNa ?

78

CaBiess[ecHebIkkV"l'ehaH . BYkrdΩkaryYnxagt∫ËgkMBugGs'sgÙwm luHæesckI†®bkasy"agEpÌm Tn'P¬n' nigd*smrm¥y"agenH k*lg'x¬ÁnF¬ak'cUlGnÊak'yYnkumµ¨ynis†swgTS gGs'K~a edayedIrecjBITIC®mklak'x¬Ánedayx¬Án‰g mkbg˙ajx¬Ánsµ&®Kcit† sMucuHeQµaH

®Vb'muxtMENg®tg'@,

edIm∫IVneTAeronsU®ttamrebobfIµ

®bjab'nwgVnvil®tLb'mkeFI√kardUcedImvij˘˘˘. dMNagrbs'GgkarelIjjwmTTYledayrIkray ®BmTSg®Vb'kMrit´f© nigem"agEdl®tUvecjdMeNIr . luHdl'eBlevlamkdl'ehIy enArdΩFanI ´®BnKr nigenA®Kb'TIrYmext†nana manLan®Kb'FunTSgtUcTSgFM erobCak∫Án cSCae®sc . luHG~krdΩkarTSgenaHeLIgLanEtx¬ÁnTeTcb'sB√®Kb'ehIy yYnkumµ¨ynnis†k*dwk «G~keTas» TSgenaHykeTAdak'Kukdak'®cvak'TSgGs' edaybMEbkK~aCa®kum@tamEp~k tamFun tamzann†rs&ki† .l. emIlcuH ! kll∫icEdldUcK~ay"agenH etIGgkarGnamikeronBIyYnha NUy …yYnhaNUyeronBIGgkarGnamik …mYyk*Caes~øtkll∫icEdl man®bPBEtmYy ?

skmµPaBsem†csIhnue®kay®Bwti†karN_ ´f©TI17emsa1975 ExµrPaKe®cInenAk~¨g®sukyl'edaysµan@fa ®Bwti†karN´_ f©TI17emsa enH Vnmkedaysars~a®BHhsƒrbs'sem†c“ . EtcMENk‰sem†c“vij enAbreTs‰eNaH eFI√hak'dUcCaKµandwg Kµanyl'GI√TSgGs' . ´f©TI17emsa1975 sem†c“kMBugeFI√bdisNΩarkicçeP∆øvkiti†ysk~¨gsƒa nTUtGar"ab' . sem†c“VnTTYldMNwgCap¬ËvkarGMBIeCaKC&yd*cEm¬kenH . tamG~kseg˚tkarNb _ reTsEdlVntamdanBIerOgenH eKVnsresrbJÇak'fa sem†csIhnuminVnbeJçj®btikmµ[eXIjfa sem†cmankarP&y ®BYy…sb∫ayrIkrayeLIy . EtpʨyeTAvij Ca‰kCn sem†cs¬n'es¬atk' s¬¨tCa´®kElg . sem†cGnÊHsary"agx¬Sg rg'cSdMNwgBit®VkdCap¬ËvkarBI ®beTskmı¨CaCabn†mkeTot . EtEbrCaggitGnÏka KµanTTYlGI√CabEnƒmmk eTotTal'EtesaH˘˘˘. G~kkaEstnanatamsYredjedalsem†csIhnu BIerOg

GgkarCanrNa ?

79

eCaKC&yd*cEm¬kenH . sem†csIhnurkJk¥eqI¬yy"agxI¬fa – « sem†cEm" GaJF eFI√[sem†cyag®tLb'cUlkan'matuPUmiminVn » .l. ®BHmhakß ®tIyanIesayTIvgtenAcugExemsa1975 . enA´f©TI8åsPa sem†csIhnuVnEf¬g®Vb'G~kkaEstCatiGal'ehßrI m~ak'fa – « xM∆¨KµankarcSVc'nwgcUleTAkan'®beTskmı¨CaeT˘˘˘ xM∆¨®tUvEtfy[q©ay BI®beTsxM∆¨˘˘˘ xM∆¨min®tUvPÇab'x¬Ánk~¨gkicçkar´nExµr®khmTSgenaHeLIy˘˘˘ xM∆¨sMer cit†nireTsx¬ÁneTAsMNak'enATI®kugB¥¨gy"ag´n®beTskUer"xageCIg˘˘˘ rs' edaysni†PaBq©ayBIbJ˙ad*sµ¨KsµajenH » . enAcugExåsPa1975, sem†csIhnuVnbJÇak'®Vb'G~kkaEstbreTsbEnƒmeTotfa – sem†cminvilcUlkan'matuPUmikmı¨CaCadac'xat . eKVn dwgfa enAcugExåsPaenH enAB¥¨gy"ag, sem†csIhnuVnEtgbTcMerog mYyEdlmaneQµaHfa « laehIykmı¨Ca » . ´f©TI18kk˚da, elaksarin-qaknigelakCYn-®bsiTiÏeFI√dMeNIreTAkan' ®kugB¥¨gy"ag sMu®kabf√aybgMyagsem†csIhnu®tLb'cUlkan'®beTskmı¨ Cavij . eBlenaHsem†csIhnubdiesFy"agdac'xat . mYyExe®kaymk eTot KWenA´f©TI18sIha, sem†cEb"n-nutnigelakexov-sMpneFI√dMeNIreTA kan'®kugB¥¨gy"ag sUmyagsem†cvil®tLb'cUlkan'®beTskmı¨Cam†geTot edayGHGagfa nwg®bKl'tMENg®bmuxrdΩf√aysem†c“rhUtGs'mYyCIvit . eBlenaHsem†c“e®tkGrNas' ehIyTTYlyl'®BmedayKµanraErk . s em†csIhnuyageTAeb"kSgedIm∫IsMulardΩmÂnI†TI1cinCU-eGnLay EdlkMBug EtB¥aVlCm©WenAmnIÊreBT¥ . sem†cmanbnÊËly"ags~iTs~alfa – Edl sem†cyl'®BmcUleTAkan'®beTskmı¨CaenaH KWminEmnmann&yfa sem†c yl'®BmTTYlsal'Exµr®khmTSgenaHeT EtCaBlikmµedIm∫ICakiti†ysdl'®beTscin ehIyCaBiessdl'elakCU-eGnLay EdlVnCYy®beTsExµrnigsem†cy"age®cInelIslb' .l. sem†cyageTAdl'®kugP~MeBjenA´f©TI9kJÔa1975 edaykat'tamTI®ku ghaNUy edIm∫IeFI√Tsßnkicçy"agxI¬enATIenaHpg . eBlenaH enAcMNtGakasyaneJFicintug man®kalkMral®khmeqÌA man®BHsgÙKg'rg'cSf√ay®BHBrCyen†a, man®sI®kmMuekµg@ Qrrg'cSf√ay Vc'p˚a, maneyaFaExµr®khmes¬økJk'Ca‰ksNΩan niges¬økJk'CasIuvil

GgkarCanrNa ?

80

QrcSCarbgkiti†ysf√aysem†c“ .l. luHT√aryn†ehaHebIkeLIg sem†crnÏt'F¬ak'efI¬mk†¨k xk®BHT&y eday eXIjbriyakasnigbdisNΩarkicçd*esaHke®kaHrg'cSTTYl . sem†craErk fye®kayBIrbICMhan mYysnʨHeTIbyagcuHBIyn†ehaH . Ggkark*yags em†ceTATsßna «smrPUmimux» KWkarCIkdIeFI√TMnb', elIkP¬WE®s . bnÊab'mk eTot Ggkaryagsem†ceTAsemıaFeragc®ktm∫aj . eBlsem†cyagcUl eTAdl'

kmµkrCae®cInnak'rt'QUrqmkf√aybgMEf¬gsarTuk≈TSgyMK®KUk

e®JHrg'cSEtsem†cyagmkdl'seÂgaH . mankmµkrx¬HlYcf√aylixitEdlmanEcgnUvgMeBI´®B´pßnigkareFI√TaruNkmµ BIsMNak'Exµr®khmmkelICn CatiExµrEdlCakUnecATSgGs'kMBugEtTTYl .l. sem†cxUcTwkcit†Cax¬SgedayeXIjsƒankarNE_ bbenH . minEtb"ueNˆaH esat Ggkarham®Vmmin[sem†cyageTANaedayesrIxusBIbJÔatirb s'GgkareLIy . bIGaTit¥e®kaymk edIm∫I[GMNac®Kb'®Kgrbs'Ggkarmanlk≈N:®s bc∫ab' Ggkart®mUv[sem†cyageTAkan'Ggkarsh®bCaCati edIm∫Ibg˙aj x¬Ánk~¨gfan: CatMNagrdΩaPiVlkmı¨Carbs'Exµr®khm EdlcMhTMenrenATI ®kugjËvy"k tSgBIq~S1970mkem"¬H . k~¨g{kas®bCMuCaåLarikenAG˘s˘b˘ sem†cmanbnÊËly"ag®kGWt Edl mann&yCaGaTifa – « ˘˘˘®beTsExµrtUcBitEmn b"uEn†GackMcat'c®kBti†GaemrikSg EdlCamhaGMNacelIBiPBelak [xUceKalbMNgEdlcg'cUlmkQ¬anJn®beT skmı¨Carbs'sem†cteTAeTot˘˘˘ » .l. cb'sunÊrkfad*KYr[xµas'eGonenH manG~ktMNag®beTsx¬H mancMnYn1 PaK3 Edlmindwgc∫as'BIsƒankarN´_ pÊk~¨g´n®beTskmı¨Ca VnTH´dGbGr saTr nUveCaKC&yd*mhimaEk¬gk¬ayenH . sem†cyag®tLb'eTAkan'®beTskmı¨Cavij kat'tam®beTsVrSg eday®Tg'sMNak'enATI®kugV"rIsG _ s'mYyry: . sem†cVnCYbelak®bFana FibtIVrSg va"elrI-hßIs˚a eds†Sg enA´f©TI9tula75 . luHsem†cyagcUldl'®beTskmı¨Ca sem†csMrakEtmYyry:y"agxI¬ elakk*eFI√dMeNIredaycit†‰g edayKµanBie®KaHCamYyGgkareT . sem†c yageTAeFI√Tsßnkicç®beTs11enA´f©TI15viciœka1975 . GgkareXIjsk-

GgkarCanrNa ?

81

mµPaBrbs'sem†cy"agdUec~H minsb∫aycit†Tal'EtesaH edIm∫I®BmannUvkar mineBjcit†enH GgkarTTYlsem†cenAeBlsem†cyagcUl®beTskmı¨Ca vij enA´f©31F~Ë1975 k~¨gfan:C CavrCnCan'xıs'mYyrUbEtb"ueNˆaH .

etIGgkarCanrNa ? k~¨gry:eeBl3q~S8Ex20´f©k~¨grbbGgkar KµanExµrNasal'fa etIGgkarCanrNaeT . GgkarKµanrUbragdUcexµac®Jybisac ecHe®bIåVykl y"agGaf·kMVMg Gac´q~®bDite®kumecar[k¬ayeTACa®kumbdivt†n_ Gac´q~®k´L BYkExµr®khm EdlbegI˚tedayexov-sMpn [k¬ayeTACaXatkrd*eXareXA . Gacbg√ilxYrk∫alExµrswgmYynKr [mansPaBggitGnÏkaredaykar yl'Vn®twmEtsµan@Etb"ueNˆaH . sUm∫IEtsem†csIhnu k*elakyl'®c LMy"agF©n'CagF©n' . emIlcuH ! enA´f©TI2emsa1976 elakEf¬gCaPasaV rSgsresIrGrKuNGgkarGnamikdUcmanesckI†CaGaTifa – «˘˘˘ BYkGak∫t'VneFI√Tuk≈bukem~j nig®bmafkatTandl'rUbxM∆¨ ®BmTSg ®bTaj®bTg'xM∆¨ [F¬ak'cuHeTAk~¨gPk'®CS´nPaBGam"as'rbs'BYkva . xM∆¨manGMNrKuNCaPey¥aPaBdl'Gs'elakvirburs, virnarI ´nGgkarbdivt†nT _ Sg enaHNas'

EdlVnlublagrUbxM∆¨[rYccakBIPk'®CSenH ehIyEdleFI√[xM∆¨

mannitism∫TavijcMeJHmux®bvti†saÂs†˘˘˘ » . dUec~Hsem†csIhnubeN†ayx¬Án[caj'eVkGgkar EdlnwkeTAKYr[eGo nxµas'Ca´®kElg . luH®beTskmı¨CamanekAGI®sYlbYlenAG˘s˘b˘ KW®beTsExµrVnsMer ceBjlk≈N:®sbc∫ab'Gn†rCati edays~a®BHhsƒCasƒaBr ®sab'EtGg karecjbJÇa[sem†c®bmUl®BHraCbu®tTSgGs' eFI√matuPUminivt†nc _ Ul®suk Exµrvij . luH®BHraCbu®tTSgLayenaH cUldl'rdΩFanIP~MeBj CYnCMuK~ae®sc Vc'ehIy Ggkark*ecjbJÇabMEbk®BHraCbu®t [eTAeFI√karrYmTSgbg≈M dUc®b CaCnTUeTATSg®beTsEdr˘˘˘ dUec~H®BHraCbu®tk*Vns¬ab'Gs'Cae®cIn . Gg karecjbJÇabg≈M[sem†csIhnu eFI√Jk¥sMulaElgBImuxtMENg®bmuxrdΩ Exµrk~¨gExmina1976 .

GgkarCanrNa ?

82

sYr – ehtudUcem†cVnCaGgkarminsm¬ab'sIhnu ? . eqI¬y – Ggkarrkßasem†csIhnuTukeFI√Canuy edIm∫ITak'Taj®bCaCn Exµr EdlenAes~hasem†c“teTAeTot˘˘˘.








GgkarCanrNa ?

83

CMBUkTI11 ‹ cm©l'rbs'breTsnanacMeJHvt†man´nGgkar . ‹ kUneyaFaExµr®khmcab'cgP~ak'garTUtGtitshPaB sUevotCaeromc∫g . cm©l'rbs'breTsnanacMeJHvt†man´nGgkar

Ggkar®kL¨kelgesIcdak'P~ak'garTUtnana manP~ak'garTUtGtitsh PaBsgmniymsUevotCaedIm . enA´f©TI19emsa eBll©ac sƒanTUtGtit shPaBsUevot VnB¥Árp¬akmYyCab'nwgmat'T√ar sresrGkßrVrSgFM@ man esckI†CaGaTifa – eyIgsgmniymCamit† CabgbÌËn sUmmit†GeJIÇjmkCYb bgbÌËneyIg eyIgcSmit†enATIenH KWk~¨gsƒanTUt . sUmmit†nSG~kecHniyay PasaVrSgmkCamYypg .l. enAeBlEdltMNagGgkarmkdl' BYkenHminxIçrvl'eGIeBInwgemIlp¬ak enAmat'T√arrbgsƒanTUtenHeT EttMNagrbs'GgkarEbrCaekH´kkSePI¬geb40 EdlCakSePI¬gVnedaysarCMnYyrbs'GtitshPaBsUevotenH‰g V j'cMesaredIm∫IebIkT√ar[VnTan'cit† . eBlcUleTAdl'sƒanTUt manmnusß ®bus4nak' ®sI3nak' . BYkenHk*cab'P~ak'garTUtTSgGs'enaHcgs¬abesk ehIybeNI†reTAkan'bnÊb'Vy . eBlebIkTUrTwkkkeLIgeXIjmanBgman' enAk~¨genaH tMNagGgkarykmkeVkecalenAcMeJHmuxG~kCab'cMNg ®B mTSgsI†benÊasfa – « enAk~¨grbbsgmniymd*Bit®Vkd nigd*qÌineqÌArbs'Ggkar eKminhU bbMp¬ajBgman'y"agenHeT eK®tUvEtykvaeTAP∆as'sin rYcykemman'mkEc kK~ahUb˘˘˘.l. P~ak'garTUtGtitshPaBsUevotCasgmniymeromc∫gd*x¬SgBUEkelI elakeFI√EP~kLIgLg' . edayyl'tamkayvikarx¬H@ k*nwkfa – {Ggkarcg'

GgkarCanrNa ?

84

eFI√karesIerIniymeTdwg ? P~ak'garCab'cMNgTSgGs'®KvIk∫al edaymkBI minyl'Gs'nUvn&yEdleKniyayBn¥l' EteKnwkk~¨gcit†fa sgmniymrb s'GgkarsIÌeKenH®bEhlCa≤t®beyaCn_ nigeFI√[vinashinehaceTdwg ? ®Kan'Etmank~¨gkar®s´mEtmindwgfaeKcg'eFI√GI√ ? etIGgkarCanrNaeTAeGH ? cab'BI´f©TI20kum∏ : d l ' 6 e m s a 1 9 7 6 m a n P ~ a k ' g a r T U t C a t i s fl u y E G d m ~ a k ' eQµaHkah¥bflk man{kasVneTAeFI√TsßnkicçrbbsgmniymcEm¬krbs' Ggkar . elakeFI√GFib∫ayfa – bdivt†nE_ xµrEdlmaneQµaHGgkarGnamik CaemdwknSkYr[cEm¬kGsçar¥ KWEb¬kBIbdivt†n´_ n®beTsmhaGMNacnana dUc Ca®beTscin …GtitshPaBsUevotCaedImq©ayNas' KWkarbMp¬ajexÊcbM p¬ajxIÊ j¨Sg[BiPBelakP∆ak'epIÌl nUvGMeBIeXareXAkab'sm¬ab' EdlmanPa BBuHeJrhk'keÂJÇaldUcP~MePI¬g .l. elakmankarq©l'Esnq©l' e®JHraÂs†ExµrCaG~kkan'BuTÏsasna Edl minhflanTSgsm¬ab'st√mus…ruymYypg etIehtuGI√VnCamankarkab'sm¬ab' y"agrgalEbbenH ? . G~k®sILËr"g'Bic, CatiVrSg, manbI†CakmµaPiVlCan'xıs'rbs'Exµr®khm eQµaHmit†sYg-sIueKOn Vn®tUvTTYlTaruNkmµy"agF©n'BIsMNak'rbbGgkar . G~k®sIenHVnGHGageFI√CasakßIcMeJHGMeBIeXareXArbs'rbbenH . G~k®sIEfmTSgVnsresrGFib∫ayy"agBis†arenAk~¨g‰ksarrbs'Kat'eTo tpg . CasrubesckI†eTA G~k®sIsresrbJÇak'fa – GgkarCabisac GaccUl sNÏitk~¨gbuKlNaEdlelaPGMNac sIueCar . kalebIbisacenaHcUls NÏitk~¨gbuKlNaehIy buKlenaHeP¬cGs'ehIynUvEm"“ ®bBnÏkUn jati mit† CaBiessCatirbs'x¬Án . tYy"agdUcerOgmit†sYg-saeKOnbI†rbs'G~k®sI ®sab' EdleFI√TaruNkmµelI®bBnÏkUnrbs'x¬Án .l. G~k®sIVnbJÇak'eTot fa sUm∫IEtfan:G~k®sICaPriyarbs'kmµaPiVlCan'xıs'pg G~k®sITTYlTaru Nkmµy"agevTnarkJk¥sresrminVnpg cuHTMrSdl'®bCaCnKµanbuN¥ s&ki† …garGI√nwgeKenaH etI®tUvrgTuk≈CagenHb"unµandgeTAeTot . G~k®sIVn dMGUjfa – KYr[GasUrG~kEdlCYb®bTHnwgerOgenHNas' ehIyenATIbJçb' G~k®sIeFI√sMnYrmYyEdrfa – etInrNaCaGgkar ?


GgkarCanrNa ?

85

CMBUkTI12 ‹ kMeNItrdΩaPiVlTIgemagkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥ . ‹ Ggkarcat'EtgtSgExµrevotmijCaKN:tMbn' CatMNag raÂs† . ‹ muxgarrbs'®ksYgsuxaPiVl nig®ksYgGb'rMrbs'Gg kar . ‹ GgkarbegI˚tXatkrCa®VM®kum . ‹ ExµrevotmijedIr®bmUlmaseB®Cnigluykak' . ‹ GgkarbegI˚t®kumnigkgshkrNt _ Mbn' .

kMeNItrdΩaPiVlTIgemagkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥ ´f©TI17emsa1975 GgkarTTYlC&yCMnH ehIycUlmklukluy®beTskmı¨CaP¬am . CadMbUgGgkar®canEtk∫alExµr®khmnin~akarExµrBIr®kum . ®kumTI1KWbkßExµr®khmrbs'elakexov-sMpn . ®kumTI2KWGtitecar Edl GgkarEk´q~Ca®kumExµr®khmEdr nig®kumTI3 Ca®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg Edl raÂs†Exµrminsal'faCasasnG _ I√eT . XatkrTSgbI®kumenHGnuvt†tambJÇarbs'Ggkar sm¬ab'®bCaraÂs†Exµr s¬Ët®tg' CaBiessG~kecHdwg edayKµanCMnMuCMrHGI√eT . sm¬ab'k~¨gry:eeBl 10Ex G~kecHdwgs¬ab'CitGs' . G~kEdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' x¬acVk's∫at minhflankMerIk eTIbGgkarbeJçjGtItExµreyokmij KWsmaCikbkß®bCaCn bdivt†nE_ xµr . Ggkarcat'EtgCae®scCa®bFanshkrN,_ CaKN:t tMbn' nigCatMNagraÂs† rYcbn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khmteTAeTot EdlmanCaåTahrNx _ ¬H@dUcteTA –

GgkarCanrNa ?

86

- enA´f©TI20 Exmina q~S1976 Ca´f©e®CIserIstMNagraÂs† GgkarGnamikecjbJÇa[ehA®bCaBlrdΩTSgGs'enAshkrNl _ k'e®Cov [mkCY bCMuenAkgelx3 PUmi´®Bs√ayxaglic . luHCYbCMuCae®cInJn'nak'ehIy ma ntMNagrbs'GgkarcuHmkBIf~ak'elI ecjbJÇaTSgbg≈M[®bCaCnExµrTSg Gs'elIk´dyl'®Bmcat'tSgmit† mUl-sm∫ti† ehAtaEb"t CatMNagraÂs† enAtMbn'TI1 . taEb"tmanmuxtMENgmYyeTot KWKN:t tMbn'TI1, GgPaBCamYymit† rs'jwm ehAtaekA . luHmantMNagraÂs†rYce®scVc'ehIy eKk*®bkas begI†rdΩaPiVlTIgemagmYyenA´f©TI14 emsa q~S1976 KWmYyq~SKt'e®kay ´f©EdlGgkarlukluyratt∫at®beTskmı¨Ca . rI‰smasPaB´nrdΩaPiVl enaHKW – - exov-sMpn

®bFan

- sU-Pwm

Gnu®bFan

- rs'-jwm

Gnu®bFan

- nYn-Ca

®bFanKNkmµkarGci´Ân†y_ enArdΩsPa kalBIsm&yb"ul-Bt, nYn-Ca ( …eLAbflunKn …LgrWut ) CaembJÇakarCan'xıs' ´nkgT&B®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca nigCa®b Fankariyal&yneyaVy .

- b"ul-Bt

Vn®tUvEtgtSgCardΩmÂnI†TI1 TTYlbnʨk Ep~kkarbreTs .

- eGog-sarI

GnurdΩmÂnI†TI1TTYlbnʨkkarbreTs .

- G~k®sIexov-FIriTÏi ( ®bBnÏeGog-sarI ) rdΩmÂnI†®ksYgsgmkicç . - vn-evt

GnurdΩmÂnI†TI1TTYlbnʨkEp~kesdΩkicçnig åsßahkmµ .

- sWn-esn

GnurdΩmÂnI†TI1

TTYlbnʨkEp~kkarJr´pÊ

®beTs . - G~k®sIy"un-y"at ( ®bBnÏsWn-esn ) rdΩmÂnI†®ksYgGb'rM nigvb∫Fm· - hflU-nwm

rdΩmÂnI†®ksYgeXasnakar .

- CYn-eCOn

rdΩmÂnI†®ksYgsuxaPiVl .

e®kABIrdΩmÂnI†TSgenaH eKmanbegI˚tKN:k kmµkar6 EdlenAGbGnu®bFan

GgkarCanrNa ?

87

TTYlxus®tUvEp~kesdΩkicç ksikmµ åsßahkmµ cMkarekAsflU JNiCÇkmµ Km naKmn_ nigfamBl . KN:k kmµkarenHmansmaCik5nak'KW – b"ul-Bt, eGog sarI, sWn-esn, mit†nYn nigmit†y"ag . mit†nYnnigmit†y"an ®Kan'EtCaeQµaH EtKµanmnusß®twm®tUveT . k~¨grbbkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥

G~kmanGMNacy"agx¬SgehIybeJçjs-

kmµPaBy"agGaf·kMVMgKW b"ul-Bt nig®bBnÏ . ®bBnÏb"ul-BteQµaH exov-b"uNˆarI CabgbegI˚trbs'exov-FIriTiÏ ( ®bBnÏ eGog-sarI) CaG~kkan'k†ab'GMNacy"agx¬SgGsçar¥ . k~¨gry:eeBl5q~SEdl eFI√sÂgam exov-b"uNˆarI®tUvVneKcat'tSgCaGnu®bFanembJÇakarCan'xıs'´n kgT&B®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca (CMnYsbI†) nigCaemkariyal&yTahan . cab'tSgBI´f©TI30 kJÔa 1972 G~k®sI®tUvVneKcat'tSgbEnƒmCaGKel xaFikarbkßkumµ¨ynis†Exµr . bgbÌËnExµreGIy˘˘˘ emIlcuHrdΩaPiVlkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥sIÌeKenH elIk bn†¨bEtbgbÌËnbI†®bBnÏ2-3®KYsar cat'EtgtSgCardΩmÂnI† . smaCikx¬Hman EteQµaHk~¨g®kdas'EtKµanmnusßeT . Ggkar´q~®bDitbegI˚teLIgy"agenH edIm∫IeVlBiPBelaknigGn†rCati[yl'®cLMsµanEtExµr®khm®Kb'®Kg'®b eTsExµr nigmanrdΩaPiVl®twm®tUv . ry:eevlaenaH enAk~¨gtwkdI´n®beTs kmı¨Ca briyakasEsnggwtGnÏka . KµanraÂs†ExµrNam~ak'dwgfa manbegI˚t rdΩaPiVlkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥sIÌ@y"agenaHeT˘˘˘. eKminEdlæExµr®khmNaniyaynwkeQµaH exov-sMpn, hflU-nwm, hflUyn' …eQµaHsIÌ@epßg@eTotenaHeT . eQµaHsaL¨t-sr ehAb"ul-Bt ®b CaBlrdΩExµrminsal'Tal'EtesaH˘˘˘. cMENkeQµaHsem†c“ CaKUbdibkßCamYyln'-nl' ebIraÂs†ExµrNahfla nrMlwkeQµaHenH raÂs†enaH®tUvs¬ab'P¬am . kmµviFIkMeTcbMp¬aj®beTsExµr, kmµviFIsm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr ®BmTSgeFI√Taru Nkmµy"ageXareXA´®B´pßdl'®bCaBlrdΩExµrk~¨gmYynKr KWeFI√y"agem"ck* eday[Etdl's¬ab' . eyIgæfaeKeFI√tambJÇarbs'Ggkar . k~¨gry:44Ex Ggkar®Kb'®Kg®beTskmı¨Ca GgkarbegI˚t®ksYgEt2eT KW – ®ksYgsuxaPiVl nig®ksYgGb'rM . etI®ksYgsuxaPiVlk~¨grbbrbs'GgkareKeFI√GI√ ? ®ksYgsuxaPiVlk~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar KWbn¬MeFI√CaKij bn¬MeFI√CaKuk . bu

GgkarCanrNa ?

88

KlikeBT¥PaKe®cInCaÂsI†ekµg@Gayu®twmEt14q~S . Parkicç®tUvEttamdanni gesIubGeg˚t ®tUvEtBinit¥emIl faetIG~kCm©WQWBit®Vkd …QWbN†amkBI stiGarmµN_ ? . ebIsgß&yfaG~kCm©WQWbN†almkBIstiGarmµN_ KW®tUv Vt'x¬ÁnP¬am . kicçkarval'bbrEck[G~kCm©W . G~kCm©Wm~ak'@®tUvVnTwkbbrEt BIrEvknigGMbil®VM®Kab'y"age®cIn . dUec~HG~kCm©WQWlµm@ ®tUvEtecjeFI√ karedIm∫IVnbbrhUb . cMENkG~kCm©WEdlecjBlikmµminrYc ®tUvEtQWF©n' eTA@luH®taEts¬ab' . vamanbegI˚tkEn¬gsMrab'G~kCm©WQWF©n'@nigmnusßca s'Cra . va®bmUlykmkXMuXSgTuk[enATIenaHeTA min[jatisarelahit cUleTAsYrsuxTuk≈eLIy . G~kCm©WTSgGs' edkEtk~¨gG®gwgVv mankEn¬g x¬HedkkN†al´®BkN†alvalKµandMbUl®Ck, Kµanf~SGI√e®kABIÚseQIbuk y"agm"dΩ®cbl'CamYyVym"an V"tNaV"tNI rYclujCadMutUc@hal[ s©Át . f~SFunenH QWGI√@elbVnTSgGs' . G~kCm©WNaQWruS´r" eBT¥rbs' Ggkarcat'karcak'bJçËlTwkdUgxIç[ eTaHCm©WGI√k*eday .l. nig .l. etI®ksYgGb'rMk~¨grbbrbs'GgkarbegI˚teLIgedIm∫IGI√ ? GgkarbegI˚t®ksYgGb'rM edIm∫I®bmUlkumarakumarI EdlmanGayucab'BI6 eTA13q~S nSykmklutdM[dl'kMBUl dUceKlutdMEdkedIm∫IeFI√BUefAeFI√kSbit Edl®tUveKdut[dl'kMedA .

y"agNamijbJ˙aenHk*CaEpnkarrbs'Ggkar

EdlVnbMrugTukmkCae®scehIyEdr . kal:eTs:enaHGgkarcat'EtgtSg®bCaCnfIµEdlmanv&yCraKµancMeNH minEdlsal'salaeron [mkeFI√Ca®KUbe®gon . elak®KUenHsal'elxmindl'10 GanGkßr®bkbbeNI†r ! enHCaParkicçrbs'elak®KU – em"ag5®Bwk, elak®KU®tUvEt®bmUlkUnsisßnSykeTAbg≈M[eFI√kardUcCa elIkP¬WE®s TUlsMNab edIrerIsGacme_ Ka edIrerIslamk ®bmUlpßMeFI√CaCIr .l. em"ag11, elak®KU®bmUlkUnsisß rYcnSykeTAcÂg˚anVyrYm hUbTwk bbrCamYyGMbil . hUbrYcem"ag12eTIbcUleron . salaeronsiƒtenAe®kam edIms√aymYy…BIredImFM@ Edlmanm¬b'd*®tCak' kN†alvalx¥l'kMBugbk' mk®tesok@ kUnsisßGg¨ypÊal'dI kan'k†arQ~Ánm~ak'mYy nigmanF¥Ëgm~ak' mYydMu EpÌkK~aKµansN†ab'F~ab' s©abbeNI†regakbeNI†r . cMENkelak®KUkan'F¥ËgmYydMuenA´d QrEk∫rk†arexonmYycgB¥ÁrCab

GgkarCanrNa ?

89

'edIms√ay . elak®KUcab'epI†msresrGkßr «k» rYcnwkGkßr «x» . cab'epI† msresr®s: mindwgCa®s: «eO» sresry"agem"c . dUec~Helak®KUrvl'Et sresrlb'@ . edaysarm¬b's√ay®tCak'lÌ x¥l'kN†alvalbk'mkresok@y"ag®sYl elak®KUs©abhm@ Ebre®kayemIlkUnsisߢ˘˘ {BueTÏa! kUnsisßedklk'CagJk'kN†aleTAehIy .l. em"ag2kn¬HresolævayCYgCasJÔa[®bmUlkUnsisßecjeFI√Blikmµ bn†kicçkardEdlteTAeTot . eBlyb'®tUv®bmUlkUnsisßGayu10q~Sdl' 13q~SecjBlikmµ dUcCaelIkP¬WE®sCaedIm . BIem"ag8yb'dl'em"ag10…11 CitGa®Fat . vaefI√TaruNkmµenOyht'y"agenH kUnsisßTSgLayenaHedk lk'EtJsvalE®s . kUnsisßTSgGs'es¬økJk'dac'r´y"swg®Kb'@K~a KµanPYydN†b' man EtVvmYym~ak'@b"ueNˆaH . VvenHrdUv®VMgcgeFI√CaG®gwgedk rdUvrgarEbrCa ykmkdN†b' . ®sab'EtenAExmkraq~S1977 manåb∫ti†ehtumYyekItmaneLIgKYr[cEm¬k´®B´pßd*Gsçar¥ KWGgkarecjbJÇadac'Nat' ®tUvdkhUtVvTSgGs'®b mUldak'ecal[keNÎørsIuexÊc . {eTvtaeGIy ! etIkUnsisßTSgLayenaHeFI√y"agem"c ? ebIExmkra kum∏: CardUvy"agNa ? . kUnsisßTSgGs' eBlyb'®tUvlUncUledkk~¨gcMebIg dUcst√ evTnad*mhimaswgrkJk¥ExµrsresrKµan .l. dUec~Hk~¨gry:44Ex kUnsisßGP&B√TSgLayenaH Edlesssl'enA rs'KµanecHGI√TSgGs' ecHEteFI√ecar CaBiessecHlYc®sUv, lYchUbEkÌb, lYchUbdg˚ËveQI®Kb'mux lYcetHsMbkx¥g sMbkk†am niglYchUbs¬wk eQI®Kb'Fun .l. k~¨gry:44Ex®tUvGgkarlutdMdl'kMBUl manduHcit†Cas√&y®bvti†fa ®tUv EtsgswkcMeJHExµr®khmminGacbMeP¬cVneLIy . e®kABI®ksYgsuxaPiVlnigGb'rM GgkarKµanbegI˚t®ksYgGI√TSgGs' . GgkarbegI˚tEtXatkr5®kum rYcbMEbkdac'@ELkBIK~a rYcvabJÇa[sm¬ab'bMputBUCExµrCadMNak'@ kMNt'eBlevlay"ag®twm®tUv . etIBYkNa®tUvsm¬ab' raÂs†ExµrFunNa ? bn†eTAmuxeTot®tUvbeJçj®kumNa[eTAsm¬ab'ExµrFun NaeTot ? . manlMnSy"agsÌaty"ags©at' KµanmCŒdÏanExµrNaeKcrYcTan' eLIy .

GgkarCanrNa ?

90

emIlcuH ! ®kumTI1KW®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg ( eyIgExµrminsal'Xatkr enHCasasnG _ I√eT ) . CadMbUgvaerobGnÊak'CaExße®tomrg'cSVj'sm¬ab'namWun G~krdΩkar®Kb'@Ep~k®Kb'Can'f~ak' Edl®bmUlnScUlkN†alGnÊak'enaH . ®ku menHdUcexµac®Jybisac vaBYnsm©Mlak'x¬ÁnenATIggit lYcbn¬Msm¬ab'bMput BYCExµredaye®bIyIehaExµr®khm . ®kumTI2KWCakUnecArbs'elakexov-sMpn åTahrNe_ nAext†Vt'dMbg manmit†sflUnigmit†sfluy ecjmuxmuneKtSgerobcMk∫ÁnLankam"∆¨gCa®kum@ rYc edIrGeJIÇj®bmUlnamWunG~krdΩkar®Kb'@Ep~k dwknScUleTAk~¨gExßGnÊak'e®tom rbs'®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg ®tUv®kumenHVj'sm¬ab'ecalexÊc . ®kumTI3ecjmuxmuneKEdr KWsuTÏCaGtitecar´®BEdlGgkar´q~®bDit[ eTACaExµr®khm rYcGgkarbMEbkCa3BYk – - BYkTI1 Caemkan'k†ab'eyaFaekµg@Gayuswgmindl'15q~Spg . - BYkTI2 cat'tSgCaQ¬b . - BYkTI3 CaKN:kmµkarkg . Ggkar[GP&y‰ksiTiÏdl'®kumenHy"ag eBjelj – k/ edIrb¬n'e®bIJk¥esI~r ( Jk¥esI~rsahavCagb¬n' BIe®JHGgkarEcg c∫ab'karJrecaredIresI~r ebImças'®TB¥rwgTTwg Vj'sm¬ab'ecalcuH ) . x/ Gacsm¬ab'raÂs†ExµredayesrI tamsal®kmkat'eTasrYcehIy Tuk k*mincMeNj ykecjk*minxat . K/ ®tUveFI√TaruNkmµy"agdUcem†ck*eday[EtraÂs†Exµrs¬ab' . Cab®gYm esckI†mk Ggkar[siTiÏ®kumenHy"ageBjelj®tYt®ta®beTsExµrtambecç keTsecar .l. nig .l. - BYkTI4 KWGtitExµrevotmijCasmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr . GgkarbeJçj®kumenHenAedImq~S1976 cat'EtgtSgCae®scCa®bFanshkrN_ CaKN:t tMbn' bn†mkCatMNagraÂs†EdlmantaEb"t, taekA, mit†lk, mi t†´l nigmit†lI (CatiyYn)

kan'enAtMbn'TI1´next†Vt'dMbgEdlxM∆¨sal'nig

eXIjc∫as'nwgEP~k . - BYkTI5 KWGtitExµrevotmijEdr kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰ _ kPaB rbs'®beTskmı¨Ca EdlsWg-g"ukmijTTYlbJÇaBIhU-CImij begI˚tBI´f©TI 19mifuna1951 lYcbg˚b'TukJseBj´®B´n®beTsExµr . GgkarbeJçj ®kumenHCacuge®kaybgÌs'enAcugq~S1977 . Parkicç®kumenH KWrYmkm¬SgCam

GgkarCanrNa ?

91

Yy®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgbN†ak'K~asm¬ab'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµr manmit†sflUCa edIm . sm¬ab'KNkmµkarkg, sm¬ab'Q¬bEdlCaExµr®khmekItmkBIecar CaBiesssm¬ab'yuvCncl&t . tamesckI†r"ayra"b'BIyuvCnExµrd*ekµgm~ak'nam®tkUlnYn CakUn®buseTa lrbs'elaknYn-samin Cacagh√agBnÏnaKarext†Vt'dMbg « manExµr®kh mm~ak'lYcbeN†aHnSykeTACamYy » . yuvCnenHVnniyayGHGagbJÇak'®Vb'yayeTogpÊal'fa – munnwg GgkarbeJçjXatkrCabn†@ CalMdab'lMeday [ecjmksm¬ab'bMputBUC Exµr Ggkarkat'eTasCamunrYce®sceTAehIy . GgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'CabnÊan'bMputdUcCa – nayTahan nayTahanrg nigTahan®Kb'@Ep~k . G~krdΩkarsIuvil®Kb'@Ep~k®Kb'@Can'f~ak' dUcCabuKlikBnÏnaKar, tulakar, ®ksYgKy, namWunrdΩVl, saÂs†acar¥, ®KUbe®gon, ®KUeBT¥CaedIm .l. nig .l. eBlenaHmanmit†x¬Hlan'mat'sYrfa – ehtudUcem†cVnCasm¬ab'eBT¥ saÂs†acar¥ nig®KUbe®gon ? GgkareFI√GtƒaFib∫ayEvkEjkfa – saÂs†acar¥nig®KUbe®gon eXIjEt bg˙at'be®gonkUnBYkski†PUmi kUnBYkc®kBti† nigkUnBYknayTun . luH®kumenH eronecHcb'k*®bDitc∫ab'CiHCan'sg˚t'sg˚inraÂs†Exµr®kI®kl©g'ex¬AEtb"ueNˆaH .l. cMENkbuKlikeBT¥dUcCaevCÇbNiÎtCaedIm eXIjEfTSemIlCm©WEts ki†PUmi c®kBti†nignayTun eyIgminEdleXIjevCÇbNiÎtNacit†lÌCYyemIl EfTSG~kCm©WCaraÂs†®kI®keLIy . eBlenHeyIg®tUvEtkMeTcxM∆¨kJÇHenHCamun .l. nig .l. mit†NaEdlmanGarmµNq _ ©l'y"agenH e®kaymk®tUvVt' x¬ÁnTSgGs' . sal®kmrbs'GgkarGnamikniyayEtmat'TeT KWJMBImat'mY yeTAmat'mYyeTotEtb"ueNˆaH . c∫ab'rbs'GgkarGnamik be®gonmit†@CatMNag®Kb'@®kum ®tUveronsÊa t'cSmat'EtJk¥mYyX¬a@ KWdUcCaEp~kbg≈M[eFI√karmanmYyX¬aKW « nrNahUb G~kenaH®tUveFI√kar » . Ep~ksni†suxmanmYyX¬aKW « sm¬ab'mnusßsucrit®b esIrCagTuks®tUv[enArs' » . Ep~ktulakarmanmYyX¬aKW « Tukk*mincMeN j ykecjk*minxat » . åTahrNe_ nAext†Vt'dMbg Ggkare®bIeQµaHsem†c“eFI√Canuy eFI√CaGa vuF . GgkarGac®bmUlnamWunExµr

TSgsIuvilTSgTahan

®Kb'Can'f~ak'Edl

GgkarCanrNa ?

92

®sLaj'sem†c“ dwknSykeTAsem¬ab'ecalVny"aggay minVc'bg≈M min minVc'cg minVc'dak'ex~aH KWe®bIJk¥EtmYyX¬a sMuGeJIÇjGs'elakeTA TTYlsem†c“ KWeTAs¬ab' . GgkarGnuvt†®Kb'meF¥aVy®Kb'vis&y j¨Sg[raÂs†Exµrs¬ab'Cabn†@ . åTahrNd _ UcCaedj®bCaBlrdΩExµrk~¨gmYynKr Cae®cInlannak' [fy cakecjecalTIkEn¬gecalTIlMenA [fyecjq©ayBIp¬ËvCati BIdgsÊwg ma ncm©ayBIrKILËEm"®ty"agtic . raÂs†Exµr®tUvnS®KYsaredIredkJsvalJs ´®B Bwg®BHFrNICaE®K BwgemXCadMbUl .

meF¥aVyenHeFI√[s¬ab'eday

minVc'e®bIGavuFeT . ®bCaBlrdΩExµr®tUvEts¬ab'Cabn†@ dUcCamnusßcas' Cra …G~kmanCm©WF©n' kUnekµgtUc@KµanTwkedaHeKa®tUvs¬ab'TSgGs' .l. GgkareFI√TaruNkmµ dak'Tis[eFI√karTSgyb'TSg´f© halek†AkN†al eP¬øg [hUbEtTwkbbrCamYyGMbilBIr…bI®Kab' QWKµanf~STal'EtesaH CaBi essraÂs†ExµrG~kTI®kug minF¬ab'rs'enAsƒanPaBlMVkevTnay"agenH k*bn† knʨyK~as¬ab'y"age®cIn≤tKNna . manmYyPaKminGac®TSnUvGMeBIeXar eXA´®B´pßy"agenHk*s¬ab'x¬ÁneTA . karbMEbk®bCaCntamGayu – GgkarbMEbk®KYsarecjBIK~a tamGayuCa®kum@ . kumarakumarItUc@Gayu BI6q~SeTA13q~S Ggkarsni~dΩanTukCakUnsisß . yuvCn yuvnarI GayuBI14 q~Sdl'30q~S enAlIv Ggkar®bmUlbegI˚tCa®kumdac'xat …ehAfakgcl&t . ®kumenHmin[CYbEm"“eLIy « ®tUveFI√karTSgyb'TSg´f© halek†AkN†al eP¬øg hUbEtbbrnigGMbilmYycib@Etb"ueNˆaH » . cMENkraÂs†Exµrman®KYsarrYcehIy GayuBI17q~Sdl'40q~S bI†®bBnÏ®tUv EbkecjBIK~a eTAbMeBjParkicçerog@x¬ÁnenAsmrPUmimux . elIkElgEtÂsI† EdlmanKP·BI7ExeLIg nigÂsI†mankUnxIçGayue®kambYnEx eTIbVneTAsMrak tamkg . GayuBI56q~SeLIg KWCakm¬SgTI3 . ®bus@®tUveFI√reTHng&lrnas'nigt∫a jkeJIÇ . ®sI@®tUvemIlEfTSkUnekµg . Ggkar´q~®bDitbegI˚tsmrPUmimux bg≈M[®bCaCnExµreFI√karTSgyb'TSg ´f© kN†aleP¬øgmanCaKMrUx¬H@dUcteTA – - enACIE®kg, man®bCaCncUlrYmeFI√karcMnYnBIrmWun®VMJn'nak'elIkP¬W E®s .

GgkarCanrNa ?

93

- enA´®BQrext†kMBg'cam, man®bCaCncUlrYmeFI√karcMnYn25,000nak' elIkP¬WE®s . - enAext†eJFisat', man®bCaCncUlrYmeFI√karcMnYn20,000nak' ®tUvCIk E®BkmYymancm©ay20K˘m˘ . - elIkGagTwkmYyenAPUmiramKn' ®sukemagÚsßI ext†Vt'dMbg man®b CaCncUlrYmeFI√karcMnYn25,000nak' . - elIkGagTwkmYyenAxaglicPUmis√ayCati ext†Vt'dMbg man®bCaCn cUlrYmeFI√karcMnYn30,000nak' . - eFI√TMnb'TwkenAsÊwg PUmikg˙t ext†Vt'dMbg mankm¬SgBiessBIkg cl&tbUkrYmkm¬SgTI1cUlrYmeFI√kar®bEhl25,000nak' . - kab'q˚arbMp¬aj´®BeQIykdIeFI√E®s enAPUmitaEbn siƒtenAxagekItPUmi kg˙t . ®bmUlkm¬SgTI1 TI2 TI3 CaBiess®sI@emm"aycMnYn85,000nak' . ®sI@emm"ayEdlmankUntUc@GayuBI5q~ScuH ®tUvnSykeTATSgGs' . GgkarbJÇa[sg'xÊm manEtdMbUl sMrab'[kUnekµg@®Ck b"uEn†edkpÊa l'dITSgGs' . cMENk®bCaCnTUeTA edkEtk~¨gG®gwgVvhalek†A kN†al eP¬øgKµanTIC®mkeLIy . ®tUvecjeFI√karTSg´f©TSgyb' . eBlyb'ebIeP¬øg F¬ak'x¬SgecjBlikmµminekIt tMNagrbs'GgkarvayCYgebIkGg®bCMuCIvPaB P¬am . karBitKWehAmkeCredoltµH niyay®cMEdl@fa G~kecHdwgbJÔv&n†xM eronsU®tyksJÔab&®tCa®kdas' edIm∫ICiHCan'raÂs†l©g'ex¬A . åTahrN_ dUcCavis√krCaedIm eXIj®ct'Etceg˚Hcg̨le®bIeK minEdleXIjvis√krNa ecHlayVyGreLIy .l. etIsJÔab&®tCa®kdas'enaHman®beyaCnG _ I√x¬H ? KµaneXIjnrNahUb ®kdas'enaHesaH ! ®Kb'@K~ahUbEtVy . cMENkdgV"k˚aEdlsresrk* hUbminekIt . ≤LËvcab'tSgBI´f©enHeTA GgkarbegI˚tdgV"k˚afIµKW ng&l rna s' cb Eb"l .l. ebIeyIghUbVy eyIg®tUvEtdS®sUv edIm∫IksagCati[ Vnqab'lUtlas'cMerIneCOnelOn . eyIg®tUveFI√karrYm enHCakicçkaresIµPaB K~ad*´f¬f~ËrKYr[eKarB .l. b"uEn†xM∆¨tamdanBinit¥ rYcelIkykmkBicarNa®tiHriHe®bobeFobk*eXIjfa kicçkarTSgLayEdlGgkar´q~®bDiteLIg rYcbg≈M[raÂs†ExµreFI√enaH KW bMp¬ajTSgGs' e®JHminsal'sƒanPaBdI KµanbecçkeTsGI√TSgGs' KWeFI√V" tNaV"tNI . åTahrNd _ UcCaelIkP¬WE®sCaedIm tSgBIdUntamketIeKelIk

GgkarCanrNa ?

94

P¬WE®sedIm∫IGI√ ? . cemI¬yKWedIm∫ITb'TwkvalE®sxıs'@ kMu[hUreTAkan'dIval E®sTMnab . cMENkGgkar´q~®bDitbegI˚tE®sfIµ EdlmanTMhMBI50eTA100 Em"®tbYn®Cug edaylb'P¬WE®scas'ecal ehIyelIkP¬WE®sfIµ . luHeP¬øgF¬ak'mkx¬Sg Twkk*hUre®caHeTAkan'dITMnab bN†al[licsnÊËg xUcexÊc . cMENk‰dIxıs'‰eNaH k*s©ÁtEcsKµanTwkTal'EtesaH . m"¥ag eTottSgBIdUntamk kicçkarelIkP¬WE®s KWeKeFI√enAk~¨grdUveP¬øgeCaKCSdIl∫b' enaHTn' eTIbeKcab'epI†melIkP¬WE®stambecçkeTs EdleKehAfasÊËgeq√g . rYceKelIkdIl∫b'bn†K~a ykeCIgFab'bg˙ab' eTIbVnsÌitlµÁt .l. cMENkGgkarEbrCadak'Tisbg≈MraÂs†Exµr[elIkP¬WE®sk~¨grdUv®VMgrIg s©Át KWExmina emsa dIrwgdUcfµminGacbg˙ab'[Cab'sÌiteLIy . luHeP¬øgF¬a k'mky"agx¬Sg P¬WE®sTSgenaHk*Vt'®sut®kehg®khUgminGacTb'TwkCab' eLIy . cMENkGagTwkk*eFI√dUcP¬WE®sEdr dUec~HeBleP¬øgF¬ak'mkx¬Sg TMnb' TwkenaHk*Vk'®sut luHdl'rdUv®VMg valE®srwgs©ÁtGagTwkenaHk*s©ÁteTA Edr BIe®JH´pÊTwkrabesIµK~a .l. Ep~keFI√TMnb'Twkk*KµanbecçkeTsGI√TSgGs' åTahrNd _ UcCa´q~®bDit begI˚tTMnb'TwkenAsÊwgPUmikg˙tCaedIm . kEn¬gkMBugeFI√TMnb'TwkenaHCadIxßac' TSgGs' . k~¨gExsIhaq~S1977 rdUvTwkeCarCn'eLIgx¬Sg TMnb'TwkeFI√x√Hbecç keTs min®tUvk∫Ánx~at k*bN†al[TwkhUrehorlicdMNSenAk~¨gPUmikg˙t exÊc . luHExkJÔaq~S1977 TwkCMnn'x¬SgeLIg@ k*hUreTAkan'TITMnab km¬Sg Twkruj®canhUry"agx¬Sg k*k¬ayeTACasÊwgmYyy"agFMEk∫rTMnb'TwkenaH . m¥"ageTotdUcCa®bmUl®sI@emm"ay®BmTSgkUntUc@eTAkan'´®BtaEbn rYc bg≈M[kab'q˚arbMp¬aj´®BeQI niglb'bwgykdIeFI√E®s . erOgenHk*minTMngTal'EtesaH BIe®JH®beTsExµrCaBiessext†Vt'dM bgminx√HvalE®seLIy . ehtudUcem†ck*GgkarbJÇa[lb'bwgykdIeFI√ E®seTAvij ? pʨyeTAvijmankEn¬gx¬H GgkarEbrCabJÇa[CIk®sH . TIkEn¬gEdlGgkar´q~®bDitbegI˚tkargarPaKe®cInCatMbn'®Kuncaj'y"agsahav dUcCaPUmikg˙tnig´®BtaEbnCaedIm . dUec~H®bCaraÂs†Exµr®tUvs¬ab' y"age®cIn BIe®JHCm©W®Kuncaj'Kµanf~STal'EtesaH . k~¨geBlkMBugeFI√BlkmµrYm Edlmanmnusße®cInkkkujy"agelIslb'enH eKk*EtgeXIj®kum XatkrGaf·kMVMgcUlmkcab'cgraÂs†Exµrd*s¬Ët®tg'Cabn†bnÊab' nSykeTA Vt'@y"age®cInmindwgcMnYneLIy .

GgkarCanrNa ?

95

manbgbÌËnrYmQameyIgx¬H®Kan'Etf©Ërk*®tUvVt'x¬ÁnP¬am . Casrubesc kI†eTA kicçkarEdlGgkarbegI˚teLIgbg≈M[raÂs†ExµreFI√karTSgyb'TSg´f©CMna n'enaH KWCakar≤t®beyaCnT _ SgGs' KWvakMeTcbMp¬aj eFI√[®beTsExµrhin ehacTSgGs' . KWvaeFI√TaruNkmµraÂs†Exµr rhUtTal'EtExµrCamças'TwkdIkmı¨ Cas¬ab'Gs'Etb"ueNˆaH .l.

KuktaEbn GgkarbegI˚tKukmYyenAk~¨g´®BtaEbn siƒtenAxagekItPUmikg˙t Ca´®B dac'®syal CatMbn'®Kuncaj'y"agsahav . KukenHsg'enAelIdMbUkmYy y"agFM Exvsßamkdl' TwklicCMuvijdMbUk®twmceg˚H . GgkarbJÇa[Exµr®khmEdlekItmkBIecar ®tUvtamdan®sI@emm"ayCae®cInmWunnak' EdlkMBug ecjBlkmµrYmkab'q˚ar´®BtaEbn . ebIdwgfa®sINaCa®bBnÏGtItG~krdΩkar EdlGgkarsm¬ab'bI†rYcehIy

®tUvcab'bJçËleTAk~¨gKukenaHCamYykUntUc@

Gayu5q~ScuH . GgkarbJÇa[eFI√TaruNkmµbEnƒm j¨Sg[s¬ab'nigdac'eJH j¨Sg[s¬ab' nwgQW®Kuncaj'Kµanf~SB¥aVlTal'EtesaH j¨Sg[s¬ab'nwgTm©n'kicçkar . ®sI@emm"ayEdlrge®KaHCab'KuktaEbn manrUbxM∆¨m~ak'EdrEdl®tUvCab'Kuk enHGs'ry:9Ex cgcSCanicçminGacbMeP¬cVn nUvTaruNkmµTSgLayEdl ®tUvTTYl KW®tUveFI√karTSg´f©TSgyb' halek†AhaleP¬øg ®tUvkab'q˚ar´®B[ sÌat . kicçEdlF©n'CageKenaH KWGgkarbJÇa[kab'edImeQI rYcehIy®tUv Kas'Kl'eQIFM@enaHenAkN†al´®Brehasƒan edayvaykelsfaykdI eFI√E®s . luHvil®tLb'mkkan'Kukvij TTYlVnEtTwkbbrmYykUncantUchutCa mYyGMbil2-3®Kab'Etb"ueNˆaH . manG~k®sIx¬HmankUntUc@2…bInak'kMBug QWy"agF©n' edknnalelIrnabEdleFI√GMBIedImrSgbiun@kMPYneCIg TSgsMb kK®KatKe®KImKµanQUsKµancSgGI√TSgGs' . KµankenÊl®kal KµanPYy dN†b' KµanmugkarJr manEtsegI˚cbiun@cugcegI˚HecjmkxSTSg´f© . kumarTSgLayenaHQW®tdab®tdYsCitdac'x¥l's¬ab' . Cm©WF©n'@minGac

GgkarCanrNa ?

96

EfTS[CaVn KWCm©W®Kuncaj'nigraKmYl . PaKe®cIn´nkumarTSgLayenaH QWraKmYl F¬ak'Qam®ss'@ e®JHGt'X¬anx¬SgeBk minGacGt'®TSVn k* bbYlK~aedIrerIssMbkk†amsMbkx¥gykmkdut[Q©¨y rYcnSK~ahUb . man kumarx¬H edaymkBICm©WraKx¬SgeBkegIbElgrYc k*®tUvruyBgdak'rYck¬ayCa dg˚Ëv . dg˚ËvenaHcUlruksac'TSgrs' . TMrSnwgs¬ab' kumarTSgenaHEsnevTna KYr[GaeNacGaFm·Nas' . eBlTMenr BiesseBlyb' yayeTogEtg EtCYyEfTSkumarTSgenaH luHmit†hacCaemKukdwgk*ebIkGg®bCMu . G~keTas®sI@TSgGs'®bkasEtgtSgyayeTogCayaykumar

edIm∫I

karJrkumarTSgenaH kMu[lYchUbs~Ëkk†amsMbkx¥geToteLIy . b"uEn†BueTÏa eGIy ! yayeTogkarJrminQ~HeT e®JHrvl'EtemIl®kumxageNaH G~k enA‰®kumxageNHhUb luHrt'mkemIl®kum‰eNH G~k®kum‰eNaHhUb .l. ´f©mYymanG~keTasm~ak'kMBuglYcGSgsac'eKaegot FMuki¬nQ©¨y®sab' EtkumarsMKm@TSgenaHrt'mkB&TÏCMuvijQrsm¬wgemIl ehIyelbTwkmat' ®Kb'@K~a . luHsac'qÌinehIy G~k®sIEdlGSgsac'egotenaHk*edaHegotec jBIdMebot rYck*®Kvat'dMebotecal edIrcakecjVt'eTA . {GnicçaeGIy ! emI lcuHkumarsMKm@TSgenaH k*erIsdMebotEckK~aliTÏ . liTÏehIyliTÏeTot bn†BIm~ak'eTAm~ak' xM∆¨CaG~kEfTSgkumarTSgenaH eXIjpÊal'nwgEP~k cgcSCab' Canicçk~¨gxYrk∫alminGacbMeP¬cVneLIy . manG~kx¬HQWCuHminhflanCuHeT KWrkßalamk®Kan'ciJçwm®kBHykkm¬Sg edIreTAeFI√karsin luHVnTwkbbrhuteTIbhflaneTACuH . manmnusßCrax¬H eB lCitdac'x¥l's¬ab' k*E®skdMGUjfa – s†ayNas'minVnhUbVymYy cMEGtmunnwgs¬ab' . G~keTasTSgGs'Gs'sgÙwmedkcSEteBls¬ab' KµanGI√ CaTIBwgeT . ®Kb'@K~alYcbn'®sn'Etk~¨gcit† sUm®BHBuTÏ ®BHFm· ®BHsgÙ ®BH≤nÊ ®BH®Bhµ nigeTvtaCYypg !!! Gsçar¥Emn ®sab'EtenAcugExsIhaq~S1977 manG~keTasm~ak'eQµaH m"a®tUvexµaccUlsNiÏt . yayeTogCaG~kTTYlEfTSG~k®sIm"a . Kat'lYg elamG~k®sIm"a[hUbTwkbbr . exµackMBugcUlenHniyay®Vb'yayeTog fa –

xMƬminGachUbbbrVneT

e®JHmit†ekatVnvHeJHxM∆¨yk®kBHnigeJH

evoneTAhUbGs'eTAehIy . EtxM∆¨GacCk'VrIVn xM∆¨sMuVrImYyedIm . exµac

GgkarCanrNa ?

97

enaH®Vb'yayeTogeTotfa – xM∆¨CabI†G~k®sIm"a xM∆¨mk®Vb'G~keTasTSgGs' « cUrkMu®BYy Exe®kayenHVnrYcx¬ÁnehIy » e®JHCitdl'evneKsm¬ab'vavij ehIy . cMnYnBIr´f© exµacenHecjVt'eTA . G~k®sIm"adwgsµartIeLIgvij . e®ka ymkG~k®sIm"alYc®Vb'yayeTogfa – enAcugExF~Ëq~S1976 ®bEhlem"ag 10yb' mit†ekatmkE®skehAbI†rbs'xM∆¨[ecjBIxÊmeTACYbva . vavayKat's m¬ab'ecalP¬am vavHeJH rYcykebHdUg sYt efI¬m ®kBH eJHevonGs'rlIg rY cvaCIkreN†Akb'Ek∫rxÊmenaHeTA . kn¬gputEtdb'´f© mit†ekatcab'xM∆¨cgnSyk mkdak'KukenH . Ggkare®bI®Kb'meF¥aVyrkmuxraÂs†ExµrG~kecHdwg rkmuxraÂs†Exµrman stism∫CJÔ:es~haCatiedIm∫Ism¬ab'ecal . k~¨gExmifunaq~S1975 Ggkarcab'epI†mbegI˚t®kumdac'xatrYcPrkuhkfa – nwgbg˙at'be®gon[Vnk¬ayCaeyaFad*cMNan edIm∫IkarJr®beTs . rMeBC enaHmanyuvCnekµg@ PaKe®cInKWsisßviT¥al&y nSK~asµ&®Kcit†cUlbMerIy"ag esµaH®tg' mancMnYn5Jn'nak' . BIe®JHyuvCnTSgGs'enHlblYc®sLaj'bkßExµr®khmrbs'elak exov-sMpnCayUrehIy . eBlenHyl'®cLMsµanEtC&yCMnHenH CaC&yCM nHrbs'elakexov-sMpnTSg®sug .l. eBlenaHGgkarjjwmbwTmat'minCit k*cab'tSgmUldΩanmYyFMsiƒtenA xagt∫ËgCab'eCIgP~MFibtI erobcMkEn¬gy"agsÌat åbtƒm∏Gahard*bribUN· . luHdl'Exkum∏ :q~S1976 ral'@l©acGgkarcat'tMNagsm©at'cUleTAsMrSg e®CIserIsBI15eTA20…30nak' nSykecjBImUldΩanenaHedayPrfa yk eTAeronsU®t . k~¨gExtulaq~S1976 manyuvCnm~ak'EdlGgkarnSykeTACacuge®kay manvasnaeKcrYc k*VnvilmkCYbmit†Pki† ehIylYcxßwbfa mit†eyIgCae®cIn Jn'nak'EdlGgkarnSykeTAenaH ®tUvGgkarsm¬ab'ecalGs'eTAehIy . eBlenaHyuvCncMnYn300nak' EdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' k*lblYcxßwbexßø v bbYlK~abMEbkh√Ëgpßge®Bgrt'eKceTAkan'PUmiq©ay@ rYcE®beQµaHepßg @erog@x¬Án . k~¨gExmifunaq~S1975 manTahankgBiessekµg@200nak' nig®kumero nebIkyn†ehaH88nak' EdlrdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩExµrbJÇËneTAeFI√kmµsikßa

GgkarCanrNa ?

98

enA®beTshI√lI¬BIn k*yl'®cLMdUcyuvCn®kumdac'xatEdr . ®sab'Etsµ&®K cit†vil®tLb'cUlkan'matuPUmi edIm∫IbMerIelakexov-sMpnnigsem†c“ . eBlenaHmank∫Ánkam∆¨"gCae®cIne®KOgerobk∫ÁncSCae®scenATI®bCMuCn®sukGUr e®CA . luHmkCYbCMutMerobCYreLIgLanCae®scVc' k∫ÁnLank*ebIkbrcUl eTAkan'®beTsExµr . k∫ÁnLanenHmkQb'ctenAxagt∫ËgPUminimit† . tMNagrbs'GgkarbJÇabg≈MyuvCnTSg288nak'cuHBILan bJÇa[edaHexaGav rYck*Vj'sm¬ab'eca lenATIenaH®BmTSgniyayfa – mnusßFunenHkMuTuknSF©n'EpndIeT ! . cugq~S1975 mannisßitx¬H manbJÔv&n†ExµrmkeFI√kmµsikßaenA®beTsV rSg manCae®cInrynak' manbJÔv&n†x¬H®tUvCab'ecaTfaCaExµr®khmminhflan vil®tLb'eTAkan'®sukExµrCayUrq~SmkehIy . mannisßitx¬Hcb'kmµsikßa ®tUvEtnivt†cUleTAkan'matuPUmivij . eBlenaH®Kb'@rUbyl'®cLMsµanEtC&y CMnHd*mhaGsçar¥enH Vnmkedaysars~a®BHhsƒd*eqI~mrbs'sem†c“ Ed lmanelakexov-sMpnCaemExµr®khmKS®T®besIrNas'@ . dUec~H®Kb'@ rUbmanesckI†sgÙwmy"agmSfa ®beTsExµrVnsni†PaBeLIgvijehIy BIe®JHsem†csIhnuCaes†cnigExµr®khm®tUvK~ay"agenH ?! nisßitnigbJÔv&n†TSgLayenaH ecjdMeNIrBI®beTsVrSgbIelIk ta myn†ehaHcUlmkkan'TI®kugeb"kSg rYcbn†dMeNIrcUlmk®beTskmı¨Ca . ma nevCÇbNiÎtm~ak'enArs' sB√´f©sMNak'enA®sukDIhߨg´n®beTsVrSg ela keFI√GtƒaFib∫ayfa – elaknivt†cUlkan'®beTsExµrCaelIkTI3 . eBlcuHBI yn†ehaHP¬am Exµr®khmekµg@bJÇËneTAeFI√karTSgbg≈M TSgyb'TSg´f©P¬am KWelIkTMnb' elIkP¬WE®s .l. man®sIm~ak'nam®tkUl «Twm» CaevCÇbNiÎt sB√´f©ePosx¬ÁneTAkan'shrdΩGaemrik . enA´f©TI2/10/1981 nagVnEf¬g ®Vb'yayeTogenAk~¨gCMrMsYnP¬Ë´n®beTs´ffa – x¬ÁnnagnigbI†VneFI√kmµsi kßaEp~kevCÇsaÂs†enA®beTsVrSg . ˘˘˘cugq~S1975

sµ&®Kcit†nivt†cUlkan'

®beTsExµrvijtamyn†ehaHelIkTI2 . cuHBIyn†ehaHP¬am nagxM∆¨s¬¨tcit†sw gsn¬b' BIe®JHeXIjGakasyans©at'e®cob KµaneXIjEm"“mkcSTTYl na gxM∆¨E®skyMdUckUnekµg . eBlenaHExµr®khmcUlmkdkhUtyk≤va"n'Gs' rlIg rYceKbMEbkbI†rbs'nagxM∆¨nSykeTAVt'rhUt . nagmankUn®sIm~ak'Ga yu13Ex cMENkEm"“bgbÌËnKµanTTYldMNwgGI√Tal'EtesaH . KYr[s†ay Nas' bJÔv&n†nignisßitExµrd*s¬Ët®tg'Cae®cInrynak'enaH muxCaGgkars-

GgkarCanrNa ?

99

m¬ab'ecalswgEtTSgGs' . GgkardwgfaraÂs†ExµrG~kecHdwg KWG~kTI®kugP~M eBj dUec~HGgkare®bI®Kb'meF¥aVy j¨Sg[s¬ab'bn†@ edaymincSVc'e®bI GavuFeT . emIlcuH ! k~¨gExkJÔaq~S1975 Ggkar®bkasfa – ®bCaCnExµr G~kTI®kugP~MeBj EdlePosx¬ÁneTAenAext†taEkv ext†kMBg'sWı ®tUvnS®KYsar eTACYbCMuK~aenA´®Bnr edIm∫Ivil®tLb'eTAkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjvij ®BmTSg®Vb' fa – minVc'ykGI√@tamx¬ÁneT e®JHGgkarVnerobcMpÊH[manPaBdUc@K~a rYcCae®scehIy . raÂs†ExµrEdlVnmkdl'´®BnrCaelIkTI1 mancMnYn4Jn'nak' Vt´d TeTTSgGs' edaye®tkGrCay"agx¬Sg e®JHVnvil®tLb'cUlrdΩFanIP~MeB jvij . ®besIrNas'minVc'ykGI√k*VnEdr . ®Kb'@K~ak*nS®KYsartMerobCYreLIgLankam"∆¨g EdlerobCak∫Án mancMnYn 40e®KOgrg'cSCae®scenATIenaH . k~¨gLannimYy@manmnusßCit100nak' . nrNamanyk≤va"n'bni†cbn†Áctamx¬Án ®tUvExµr®khmdkhUtTSgGs' va Tuk[Etq~SgmYy nigGg˚rmYyKILËm~ak'Etb"ueNˆaH . LaneraTm i_ "asIunerobecjdMeNIr ®sab'EteXIj®bCaCneTIbmkdl'elIkTI2CagmYymWunnak'eTot. b"uEn†k∫ÁnLanenH ®tUvbrcakecjBI´®BnreTA . LanTSgenaHrlak'bN†al [Tgick∫alK~adUcst√®CUkk~¨g®Tug˘˘˘. k∫ÁnLanbrtamp¬ËvCatielx2 rYcbt'bn†dMeNIrtamp¬ËvCatielx3 cUlka n'rdΩFanIP~MeBj . G~kx¬HmanTwkmuxjjwmsgÙwmfa bni†ceTotdl'pÊHrbs'x¬Á nehIy . manG~kx¬HmuxCUr e®JHseg˚teXIjGakb∫kiriyayExµr®khm EdlKµansIlFm·d*bni†bn†ÁcesaH . luHk∫ÁnLanmkdl'TI®kugP~MeBj ®sab'EtbreTAcUlTYlKk rhUteTA kan'p¬ËvCatielx5 . eBlenaH®bCaCnj&rtk's¬¨tswgdac'degI˙ms¬ab' . yb' ggitk*mkdl' kumartUc@X¬anVyyMeBjLan . em"ag®bEhl8yb' k∫Án LanenaHcUlmkctQb'enAlEg√k edIm∫I[®bCaCndN†SVy . j¨SVyminTan'rYc®sYlbYlpg Exµr®khmbJÇa[eLIgLanbn†dMeNIr eTAmuxeTot . em"ag®bEhl2P¬W k∫ÁnLancUlctQb'enAmuxsƒaniyrfePI¬g ext†eJFisat' . tMNagGgkar®bkastamåeKÙasns&BÊedj®bCaCn[ cuHBILan rYc®tUvnS®KYsareTAedktambeN†ayp¬ËvrfePI¬g Edlman®bCaCn e®cInmWunnak'ekormkBI®Kb'TisTIedkJseBjenATIenaHEdr . ®BlwmEsÌk´f©minTan'rHpg tMNagGgkaredIrEqkeqrdkhUtyk®TB¥

GgkarCanrNa ?

100

sm∫ti†rbs'®bCaCnmYyelIkeTot ®sab'EteXIjrfePI¬gCae®cInExß bn†Ca e®cInsibTUrmkdl'lµm . tMNagGgkaredIredj®bCaCn[eLIgrfePI¬g dUch√ËgeKa . mYyTUr@manmnusßCag100nak'CiHCan'elIK~a . em"ag®bEhl 5resol´f©dEdl rfePI¬gQb'enAsƒaniy®suksIusUpun . mantMNagGg karQrrg'cSenATIenaHCae®sc . vak*®bkastamåeKÙasns&BÊbJÇa[®bCa CncuHBIrfePI¬g rYcva®bkasrkG~kbecçkeTs evCÇbNiÎt saÂs†acar¥ ®KUbe®gon nignisßit . eBlenaHKµannrNahflanecjmuxeT . tMNagGgkark* edIremIlmux. vasMrSge®CIserIsVncMnYn397nak' rYcPrEpÌm®tCak'fa – Gg karQb'sm¬ab'ehIy kMux¬acGI . vak*bJÇa[®bCaCnEdlmanGayucas'@eLI gCiHrWum"k®tak'T&r . ekµg@x¬HedIr x¬HCiHreTHeKa edIm∫Ibn†dMeNIreTAkan'P~M®suk cM E Nk® bCa CnTS g397na k' e na H ® tU v BY kv a bJÇ Ë ne TA ka n' ® su k® BH e n® t ®BH . TTYlbJÇaBIGgkarbI´f© bnÊab'bJÇËnmkPUmiCb' rYcebIksiTiÏ[eLIgEf¬ gkarNe_ dayesrI . manG~kx¬HniyayTietonerOgGgkarbwTsalaeron nigCen¬øs®bCaCn minTMng . eBlenaHtMNagGgkarKµantbtmYym"at'eT . luH®BlwmEsÌk eLIg ´f©minTan'rHpg ®sab'EteXIj®bCaCnEdlhflanriHKn'dl'GgkarcMnY n35nak' ®tUvCab'cMNg´denAe®kayx~g ( Cab'cMNgs¬abesk ) rYc®tUveK beNI†recjeTAVt' . ®Blwm´f©TI6mkra1976 tMNagGgkarehAeQµaHcMnYn200nak' bJÇa [eLIgLannSecjeTAVt' . ´f©bnÊab'mk ehAeQµaHeLIgLannSecjeTA mYyelIkeTot . ≤LËvenAsl'45nak' GgkarbJÇa[eFI√CIv®bvti† rYcdwknS ykeTAdak'KukenAVt'dMbg . XMuk~¨gKukenHGs'ry:eBl2Ex rYcehIytMNagGgkardwknSecjCabn†bnÊab'luH®taenAsl'Et15nak' . vabJÇa[eFI√ CIv®bvti†mYyelIkeTot rYcdwkykeTAXMuTukenAvt†eJFival . ´f©e®kaymk tMNagGgkarmkQremIl bJÇa[eFI√CIv®bvti†CaelIkcuge®kaybgÌs' . ´f©TI6emsa1976 vamkcg8nak' dwkdUceKa beNI†rVt'eTAeTot . eB lenaHenAsl'7nak' ®sab'Etva[sMelokbMJk'exµAmYybn¬as'm~ak' rYcbJÇË neTAXMueKakXMµ¨ [CYyeFI√E®srYm . yuvCn sarYn Ef¬gfa – TSg7nak'enaH KµannrNam~ak'ecHGkßreT . eBlGgkarbJÇa[efI√CIv®bvti†m†g@ P&yswgV t'sµartI sMuGg√rkrBwg[eKCYysresr . cMENk®bCaCnCag1mWunnak'EdlCiH®tak'T&r CiHreTHeKa nigedIrefIµreCIg

GgkarCanrNa ?

101

enaH eTAdl'mat'´®B´nXMuB®g ®bEhlCaem"ag6l©aceTAehIy . e®KaHGa®k k'mkdl' KWeP¬øgF¬ak'dUceKcak'TwkBIelIemX .

®Kb'@rUbrgarjak'dUc®Kun

caj' evTnaswgrkJk¥ExµrsresrKµan . k~¨gry:eeBleFI√dMeNIr nig®tUvenA kN†aleP¬øg ®BmTSgGt'Vyy"agenH mans¬ab'®bEhl12PaKry . yb'enaH®bCaCn®tUvGg¨yTl'P¬We®JHdIesImminGacTTYlTandMeNkekIt. bI´f©bnÊab'mk manmnusßEdleKdwkmktamrfePI¬gCaelIkTI2 mans¬ab' y"age®cInrab'minGs' . eKVndwgcMnYn®bCaCnExµr EdlGs'sgÙwmk*lUn cUledke®kamrfePI¬g rfePI¬gk*kins¬ab'cMnYn257nak' . enA´f©TI20mkra1976 elakKwm-gYn®tac GtiteTsaPiVlGnaKarCa tikmı¨Ca VnEf¬g®Vb'mit†Pki†nigkµÁy@fa – enAExkJÔaq~S1975®bCaCnExµrG~kTI®kugP~MeBjcMnYn1mWun5Jn'nak' Ed lePosx¬ÁneTAext†kMBg'sıWnigext†taEkv

®sab'EtTTYlbJÇaBIGgkar

[®bmUl®KYsarvil®tLb'eTAkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjvij . mit†@minVc'yk≤va"n' tamx¬ÁneT BIe®JHGgkarVnerobcMpÊH[enAdUc@K~arYcehIy . dUec~H®Kb'@K~a e®tkGresIÊrqÁt . eNI˙ycuH ! minVc'yk≤va"n'tamx¬Ánk*VnEdr BIe®JHp¬Ëv edIrEsnq©ayBiVkErk BiVkBun VnGgkarGnue®KaH[vil®tLb'cUlkan' rdΩFanIP~MeBjvij®besIrehIy . tMNagGgkarecjbJÇa[®bCaCn®tUvec jdMeNIrTSgyb'em"ag®bEhl10 EsÌk®BlwmeLIg®tUvCYbCMuK~aenA´®Bnr . ®bCaCnTSgcas'TSgekµgcMnYn1mWun5Jn'nak'ecjdMeNIrTSgyb'evTnaKµan Jk¥sresreT e®JH®beTsExµrnaExkJÔaCardUveP¬øgrlwm®sic@TSgy b'TSg´f© . ®BlwmEsÌkem"ag®bEhl9k*VnCYbCMuK~aenA´®Bnr . b"uEn†BueTÏa eGIy ! eXIjLankam"∆¨gCag40e®KOg manmnusßCiHeBj@swgCan'elIK~aCa e®sceTAehIy . Lank*eraTm i_ "asIunebIkbrcakecjBITIenaHeTA . eBlenaHtMNagGgkarekµg@GayuswgminTan'15q~S eq√cq√acniyay ceckccacmYysnʨH ®sab'EtE®sktamem®kUbJÇafa – cUrmit†@vil®tLb' eTAkan'kgvijcuH BIe®JHGgkarx√HLan . dUec~H®bCaCncMnYn1mWun5Jn'nak' enaH®tUvEt®tLb'vileTAkan'kgerog@x¬Ánvij . yb'e®CAeTIbeTAdl'kUnxÊm. eBlenaH®Kb'@®KYsars¬¨tcit†esIÊrVt'sµartI e®JHkUnxÊmTSgenaHsl' EtdMbUl GI√@Vk'EbkGs'rlIg . sUm∫IEts¬wk´®K CI emÊsk*®tUveKbMp¬aj eda yebHeVc…dkexÊcxÊIGs' . ®Kb'@rUbGg¨y®teVmk∫alCgg'yMeKak . etIVnGI√briePaK ebIGt'Vy

GgkarCanrNa ?

102

mYy´f©eTAehIy ? . bIbYn´f©bnÊab'mk kUnekµgnigmnusßcas'Crak*s¬ab'bn†knʨyK~a . niTan dl'®twmh~wg elakKwm-gYn®taceFI√muxs©Át®BmTSgbJÇak'fa kUn®sIrbs' elakBIrnak'tUc@k*s¬ab'enAeBlenaHEdr . cugExtulaq~S1975 GgkarecjbJÇam†geTot bg≈M[®bCaCnTSgGs' enaH®tUvnS®KYsarCYbCMuK~aenA´®Bnr CaelIkTI2 . luHeTAdl'´®BnrehIy ®K b'@K~ae®tkGrCa´®kElg e®JHeXIjLanFM@®Kb'FunCae®cInrye®KOg . eXI jLankam"∆¨grbs'cinBN·´btgcMnYnCag100e®KOg erobCak∫Ánrg'cSenATI enaHCae®sc . eBlenaHman®bCaCnEdleK®bmUlmkBI®Kb'TisTI man®bmaN1mWun 7Jn'nak' tMerobCaCYreLIgLanTSgTwkmuxjjwm edaysgÙwmerog@x¬Ánfa l©acenHVncUleTApÊHvijehIy . k∫ÁnLank*brtamp¬ËvCatielx2 rYctamp¬ËvCatielx3 cUlkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBj˘˘˘. b"uEn†BueTÏaeGIy ! k∫ÁnLanenHEbrCabrvagTI®kug ehIysMedAeTA sg˚at'TYlKk rYcehIybrtamp¬ËvCatielx5eTAvij . yb'mkdl'lµm ®bCa CnTSgGs'®CYl®cbl'k~¨gcit†swgdac'degI˙ms¬ab' . kumartUc@yMeBjLan edaysare®skX¬an˘˘˘. k∫ÁnLanbn†dMeNIreTAdl'sƒaniyrfePI¬gext†kMBg'q~SgenAeBlJk'kN†alGa®Fat . tMNagrbs'GgkarEdlrg'cSenATIenaH k*E®skbJÇatamå eKÙasns&BÊ edj®bCaCn[cuHBILan ®BmTSgbJÇak'fa mit†@EdlenAlIv EdlmanGayuBI13eTA25q~S ®tUvecjmkQrtambeN†ayp¬ËvrfePI¬gxageq√ g´d e®kABIenH®tUvenAxags†S´d . dUec~H®bCaCnTSg1mWun7Jn'nak' ®tUvEck CaBIr®kum . rYcvabJÇa[nSK~aeTAedkenAtambeN†ayp¬ËvEdk

e®JHenArdUv

eP¬øgy"agenH KWmanEtp¬ËvEdkeTEdlminlicTwk . sUmelakG~kGanemt†aCYyKitemIlfa etITMhM´nTuk≈evTnarbs'®bCaCn ExµrenAeBlenaHmandl'kMritNa ? nSK~aedkpÊal'dI elIfµ ykf~l'EdkCa ex~Iy ykkMralfµreTHePI¬gCakenÊl . enACab'nwgx¬ÁnmanEtexaGavkN†ac mYybn¬as' e®JHGgkarhUtyk≤va"n'ecjBIx¬ÁnmuneBleLIgLanGs'eTA ehIy . EsÌkeLIg em"ag6®Blwm tMNagGgkarEckGg˚r[mYykMb"ugm~ak' . kM BugEt®CYl®cbl'rkmeF¥aVynwgdN†SVybbr ®sab'EtrfePI¬gCae®cIn

GgkarCanrNa ?

103

ExßbrmkQb'sMctCae®cInsibTUr . tMNagGgkaredj®bCaCnEdlman ®KYsarrYcehIy [eLIgTUrreTHePI¬gdUch√ËgeKa . cMENk‰G~kEdlenAlIv ®tUvrg'cSeCIge®kay . em"agmYyresol k∫ÁnrfePI¬gmkQb'sMctenAsƒani yP~MFibtI . tMNagGgkarEdlrg'cSenATIenaH®sab'EtE®sk®bkastamå eKÙasns&BÊ edj®bCaCnCag1mWunnak' [cuHBIrfePI¬g . vabJÇak'fa rfePI¬g bnÊan'nwgvil®tLb'eTAdwkBYkenAlIv@eTot . EtrfePI¬gebIkbreTArhUt ≤t ®tLb' . dUec~HEm"“®tUv®Jt'®Vs'kUnkem¬aH®kmMu˘˘˘ bg®tUv®Jt'bÌËn kµÁy®Jt' mIgma ®Jt'K~arhUt ! . ®bCaCnTSg1mWunnak'enaH ®tUvtMNagGgkarbJÇËn[eTAenAbeN†aHGa sn~enAPUmiE®sGUr PUmiEchYysin rg'cSdl'bMNac'Exkum∏:eTIbGgkarbJÇËn eTA[s¬ab'enAPUmik∫alsay . PUmik∫alsaysiƒtenAdac'®syalBITI®bCMuCn enArdUvvsßaTwklic enA rdUv®VMgdIeKake®bHEbk®kEhg dSdMNSGI√k*minekIt rkGI√@mkTTYlTanCMnY sVyminVneLIy e®kABIedImEs¬gEdlmanCatiBuly"agsahav . dUec~H ®bCaCnEdleKCen¬øsmkBIext†taEkv kMBg'sıW cMnYnCag1mWunnak' bUkrYmTS gG~kmkext†nanaTSgGs'Cag3mWunnak' ®tUvrge®KaHedaykardac'eJHs¬ab' nigCaBiessedayCm©WGasn~eraK EdlKµanf~Ssg˚ËvGI√mkB¥aVl . elakKwm-gYn®tacra"yr"ab'bJÇak'fa – ®KYsarrbs'elak®tUvGgkarbJÇËneTAenAPUmiEchYyCabeN†aHGasn~sin . e®kayelakTTYlBt·manfa bnÊab'mkeTotGgkarnwgbJÇËnbn†eTAkan'PUmik∫alsay . elakyl'eXIjfa { ! GgkarbJÇËn[eTAs¬ab'ehIyeTetI ! eTIbelakpßge®BgnS®KYsar rt'eKctamsMNak'enAkgelx4 PUmi´®Bs√ayxagekIt k~¨gshkrN_ lk'e®Cov tMbn'TI1 . elakKwm-gYn®tacmkdl'kg´®Bs√ay elakVnCYbGtitG~krdΩkarmYycMnYn EdlminTan'dl'evneKsm¬ab'enAeLIy ehIyEdlelakF¬ab'sal' y"agCitdit .

edaysarEtelakF¬ab'sal'y"agenH eTIbelakeq¬øtxßib

sarPaB®Vb'elak@enaHfa – elakyl'®cLMy"agF©n'dUcbgbÌËnExµrTUTSg ®beTsGJçwgEdr KW «elakmin®Bmrt'ecal®suk» . emIlcuH ! GaemrikSgmkehAelakCae®cInelIk sUm[elakeKcx¬ÁnmYy ry:sin eTAsMNak'enAshrdΩGaemrik . enAelIke®kaybgÌs' manåTÏm∏a Kc®kmYye®KOgmkcuHxagekItviman‰kraC¥ rYceKmkGeJIÇjelakm†geTot

GgkarCanrNa ?

104

Etelakmin®BmeTAtameK . e®JHelakyl'sƒankarNe_ BlenaHxusTSg ®sug . elakyl'fa edayehtufafan:elakCaeTsaPiVlFnaKarkmı¨Ca ebIsinNaCaelakrt'ecalmuxtMENg ®Vk'kasTSgLayenAk~¨gFnaKar TSgb"unµannwg®tUvxatbg' ehIyelaknwg®tUveKecaT®bkan'fa CaG~klYcluyCatiedIm∫IykeTAeFI√CaG~kmanenAbreTs . dUec~Helakb†Ërp†ac'enArg'cSCYb sem†c CYbelakexov-sMpnsin . ebIsinNasem†ckI† elakexov-sMpnkI† Elg®tUvkarelak enAeBlenaHelaknwglaElgecjBImuxtMENgP¬am e®JHeBlenaHGayuelak61q~SeTAehIy . elakyl'®cLMy"agF©n'm"¥ag eTot e®JHelaksfl˜u®KlMulYclak'KS®Telakexov-sMpnCayUrq~SmkehIy TSgeyabl' TSgluykak' . cugbMput elakVnTTYlJk¥bN†SBIelak exov-sMpnpÊal' « ®tUvCYyåbtƒm∏P~ak'garsm©at'rbs'bkßm~ak'eQµaH KwmeXom ehAmit†y"a Jk'elx7 » . k~¨gskraCes†csIhnu mit†y"a®tUvCab'XMu XSgCajwkjab' e®JHmit†y"asµ&®Kcit†ecjeQµaHCMnYsG~ksresrGtƒbTna na EdltieTonraCrdΩaPiVlenAk~¨gTMB&rkaEst « ®bCaCn » . dUec~HeBlNamit†y"a®tUvCab'Kuk elakKwm-gYn®tac®tUvEtKitKUrCYy edaH®say CaBiessEtgEtCYyp†l'luykak'ciJçwmG~k®sIGflUcCa®bBnÏ nig yuvCnKwm-lak' CakUn®buseTalrbs'Kwm-eXom ehAmit†y"aCanicç . k~¨gry:eeBl5ExEdlelakePosx¬ÁneTAsMNak'enA‰ext†taEkv eq¬øt eBlEdlGgkardak'Tis[elakGtiteTsaPiVlFnaKarCatikmı¨CaedIrerIs Gacme_ KaykmkeFI√CI elake®bI®Kb'meF¥aVy edIm∫IsaksYrrkGs'elak@ dUcCaexov-sMpn, hflU-yn', hflU-nwm, sWn-esn, ePaK-qay, eGog-sarI Kwm-eXom ehAmit†y"aCaedIm . b"uEn†BueTÏaeGIy ! eBlenaHtMNagrbs'Gg kar m~ak'@suTÏEtmanGayuswgmindl'15q~Spg eFI√EP~kLWnLg'@ehIysYr K~afa etIG~kNaeKeTAeGHCaexov-sMpnenaH ? . elakKwm-gYn®tacbJÇak'ehIybJÇak'eTotfa elakq©l'Nas'e®JH elaksal'smaCikCan'xıs'rbs'bkßExµr®khmCae®cIn ehIyy"agCitdit Nas' b"uEn†tSgBIeBlelakVn®tUveKCen¬øsecjBIP~MeBjluHsB√´f© ela kxMB¥ayam®sav®CavrkGs'elakTSgenaH EtelakKµanVndMNwgGI√BIG~k Nam~ak'Tal'EtesaH . dUec~HC&yCMnH´f©TI17emsa1975enH dUcCaminEmnrbs'bkßExµr®khm´nexov-sMpneT ˘˘˘EtCaC&yCMnHmYyEdl®tUveKEk¬gbn¬M ehIyEdlman

GgkarCanrNa ?

105

sPaBy"agEsnggitGnÏka . emIlcuH ! vaEbrCae®bIeQµaHGgkarGnamikdak'eFI√CaembJÇakareTAvij . CadMbUgGgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'bJÔv&n†nig®BHsgÙCabnÊan' . k~¨gry:eeBlEt 13´f© ExµrenAk~¨g®suks¬ab'esIÊrEtTSgGs' e®JHxµSgVnbg˚b'BYkcarburscarnarIenAtam®Kb'®sTab'bN†aCnExµrTSgmYynKr . KWedaysarEtBYkcar burs-carnarITSgenHehIy EdlxµSgGacykkarNV _ nfa G~kEdlminrt' ecal®sukPaKe®cInCaG~kes~haCati . dUec~HkmµviFICabnÊan' KW®tUvkMeTcBYk enHecal[Gs' edIm∫IkMu[BYkenHmanmeF¥aVyNanwgerx¬ÁnTan' . kals m¬ab'BYkenHGs'rYcehIy ®tUvdak'BYkemecar BYkB~gcug®suk [®tYt®taCa®b jab'k~¨gmYyry:s sin . BYkecarePI¬EdleKtemI¬g[eFI√ «em» TSgenaHVn´d k*E®skehflartamG gkarfa CeyamhaGsçar¥ ! Ceyamhaelatep¬aH ! ehIyKitEtBIsm¬ab'sa sn‰ _ g≤trYjra . ExµrEdlenAsl'BIs¬ab' ®tUvGgkaredj[ecjBIlMenAswgVt´dTeT ecal®TB¥sm∫ti†EdlxMksagkEvkkq~SgGs'mYyCIvitmkehIy ehIynS K~amkedknwgdI kN†aleP¬øg kN†alpr k~¨g´®BTSgrgarrjak'rj&r˘˘˘. GgkarbJÇa[eFI√TaruNkmµbEnƒm edaybg≈M[eFI√karTSgyb'TSg´f© e®ka mkMedA e®kamTwkeP¬øg rYc[hUbEtTwkbbrlayCamYyGMbilEt2-3®Kab'k~¨ gmYyeBl . ebIdUec~H etIehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCavabJÇa[eyIgE®skbnÊrfa « Ceya mhaelatep¬aH, CeyamhaGsçar¥ » ‰eNaHeTAvij ?

®Kb'@K~aE®sktam

vaTSgmuxCUrhYjdUcsIu®kUcqµa˘˘˘ q©l'Esnq©l' !? . elakKwm-gYn®tacbEnƒ mfa cUrbÌËn@kMusgß&yeFI√GI√ e®JHJk¥EdlGgkar[eyIgE®skbnÊrenH min Emn≤t®beyaCne_ T KWeyIgE®skbnÊr[BYkG~kQ~H Edllak'x¬ÁnBYnGatµa e®kamrnSgsm©at'EdlmaneQµaHGgkarCaG~kenAVMgBImuxbMVt'dan ! . xµS gva´llkeFI√kar[®sb@tambkßExµr®khmrbs'elakexov-sMpn . vas m©Mrg'cS{kas[®tUvsg√ak' edIm∫Inwgsm¬ab'Exµr[Vngay ehIyenAEtlak' muxVnCitdEdl . emIlcuH ! ral'yb'´f© EtgEtman®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgmkbn¬Mx¬Áne®bIyI ehaExµr®khmedIm∫IcUlmkcab'cgraÂs†Exµr CaBiessBYkbJÔv&n† . eFI√dUec~H edIm∫I[ExµrnigGn†rCatiyl'®cLMfaExµr®khmsm¬ab'Exµr .

GgkarCanrNa ?

106

karBN·naenHminEmnVnesckI†fa Cakarlb'bMVt'kMhusExµr®khm enaHeT e®JHmaneBlx¬HeyIgVneXIjpÊal'EP~k nUvBYkExµr®khmEdlekI tmkBIecar k*Vncab'GUsTajExµreTAsm¬ab'ecalEdr . b"uEn†eyIg®Kan'Etcg'bJÇak'[c∫as'fa G~kTTYlxus®tUvk~¨gkarbegI˚tKM eragkarNd _ *exµA®kx√k' edIm∫IvaybMEbkExµrnigExµrenaH KWminEmnExµreT . e®JHenA®sukExµreyIg ®Kb'@®Bwti†karN®_ bvti†saÂs† eKEtgEteXIjBYkyY nhaNUycUlmke®CotE®Ck GMBIbJ˙a´pÊk~¨grbs'ExµrCanicç . sUmrMÆkeLIg vij – 1/ q~S1945-1954 – ®Bwti†karNE_ xµr≤sßr:T TamTar‰kraC¥BIGaNaniKmniymVrSg . eKeXIjBYkbUdUytSgmUldΩanenAJseBj®beTsExµr edayykelsfa cUlmks¬ab'CYyExµredjVrSg . karBitvacUlmkj¨Hj g'bMEbkbMVk'Exµr edIm∫IbegI˚tExµrevotmijVnsMercdUcbMNgrbs'va . 2/ q~S1970-1975 – ®Bwti†karN´_ f©18mina1970 rdΩsPaTm¬ak'®bmux rdΩ-sem†csIhnu- EdlVnGnuJÔat[eyokkug cUlenAtambeN†ay®BM®b Tl' nigTIkEn¬gepßgeTotk~¨gdIExµr . bnÊab'BIkarGMJvnavtamviT¥¨BI®kugeb"kSg´n®beTscinrbs'sem†csIhnuF¬ak'buN¥mk yYnbUdUyecjBI´®BedIr JseBjdIExµr hk'elat®bharvaykMeTcT&BExµrsaFarNrdΩ tamsMErk rbs'sem†csIhnu . yYnbUdUyVnels k*kMeTcT&BExµres~haCatieday ykelsfa cUlmkCYysem†c“ . karBitKWCakal:eeTs:d d*lÌrbs'va edIm∫I kMeTcExµrpg (sÂgamek†A) nigVn{kasB®gwgB®gIk®kumk∫alyYnx¬ÁnExµr evotmij (sÂgam®tCak') edIm∫I´llYcbn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khmrhUt . dUec~H «C&yCMnH» ´f©17emsa1975enH c∫as'Camankar´Kbn¬M eq¬øtbMp¬ajmkelIExµr BIsMNak'yYnhaNUyCadac'xat . elakKwm-gYn®tacVnbEnƒmfa – cUrbÌËn@emIlcuH ! tSgBIq~S1976mk eyIgKµaneXIjsmaCikExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpneLIy EtEbrCaeXIj®ku mBYkk∫alyYnx¬ÁnExµrevotmij ecjmuxe®Jg®Jty"agc∫as'®kELt Edl GgkarVncat'EtgtSgrYcCae®sc [eFI√Ca®bFanshkrN,_ CaKN:t tMbn', CatMNagraÂs† . dUceyIgeXIjpÊal'EP~k®sab'ehIy taEb"t, taekA, mit† ekIt, mit†lk (CatiyYn), mit†lI (CatiyYn), mit†´l (CatiyYn) CaedIm . cMENkG~kenAe®kambgab'rbs'va KWCaBYkecar´®BEdlGgkar´q~®bDit [eTACaExµr®khm EdlkacsahavCagsahav .

GgkarCanrNa ?

107

CasrubesckI†mk ®Bwti†karN´_ f©TI17emsa1975enH Ca®Bwti†karNG _ af· kMVMgNas' G~kTTYlC&yCMnHVnbn¬Me®bIeQµaHGgkarGnamik . vaelIkbn†¨ b E x µ r e v o t m i jm k b M VM g r Y c v a e ® b I E x µ r r g e ® K a H [E ® sk C e ya m ha G sç a r ¥ mha elatep¬aHCMnYsva .l. nig .l. elakKwm-gYn®tacbJÇak'fa – yYnevotmijkI† yYnevotkugkI† eBlEdl vacUlmkratt∫at®beTskmı¨Ca vaEtgEtPrbEg√gdanfamkCYyExµr . Etkar Bit KWvacUlmkj¨Hjg'bMEbkbMVk'rujExµr[c∫SgnigExµr rhUt®taEtputBUC edIm∫IU®sYlvacUlmkelbykTwkdIExµr[Gs'Etm†g . e®JHebIc∫Sgyktam km¬SgVy vaeXIjfavaminGacnwgykC&yCMnH[VnBIelIExµreT manCaåTa hrNr_ Yc2elIkmkehIy EdlvaTTYlbraC&yy"agGam"as'CaTIbMput – - elIkTI1enAkmı¨Cae®kam q~S1945-46 - elIkTI2 enAq~S1954 vacg'BuH®beTskmı¨CaCaBIr . elakbn†eTAeTotfa – GUn@emIlcuH ! ®beTsExµreyIgVn‰kraC¥tSg BI´f©TI9/11/53mkem"¬H . k~¨gExemsa1954 eq¬øteBlEdlbUdUytSgmUl dΩanenAJseBj®sukExµr yYnevotmijEbrCabJÇa[bUdUyB&TÏvaykMeTcmUldΩankgeyaFBlexmrPUminÊenA´b"lin, E®seCsÏ, vWun´s CaedImeTAvij . kaleNaHyYnevotmijmankm¬Sgy"agx¬Sg edaysMGageTAelIe®KOgGavuF yuTÏP&NÎEdlvakMBugEtvayVrSgykC&yCMnHenAeDon-ebonPU . EtenAcMeJHmuxkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÊ BYkvak*®tUvbg≈Mcit†dkfyeTAvij edayecalexµacCae®cInenAelITwkdIExµr . luHmankarBiesaFnB _ Irdgy"agenHehIy BYkvak*yl'fa ebIcg'vatTIykTwkdIExµr min®tUveFI√sÂgamek†AeT Et®tUvbEnƒm sÂgamcit†saÂs†nigkll∫ic . dUec~Hva®tUvEtGnuvt†eX¬agX¬a « bMEbkbM Vk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg» . KWva´llkj¨Hjg'ExµreTAtamcMNucexßaynana j¨Sg [ExµrEbkCae®cIn®kum . « ´f©enHvaCYyExµr®kumenH˘˘˘ ´f©e®kayvaCYyExµr®ku m‰eNaHeTAvij» . cMENk‰Exµrvij cab'enHcab'enaHmineqıaH®tg'Na . mkBIG~kdwknSx√H smtƒPaB beN†ay[Exµryl'®cLMvk'vI nigmindwgfanrNaCamit†nrNaCa s®tUveT . cugbMputExµrelatsm¬ab'EtK~a‰gTSgmindwgx¬Án . erOgGgkaredj®bCaCn[fyecjBIlMenA ®tUvecal®TB¥sm∫ti†y"ag e®cIn≤tKNna nig≤tsmehtuplenH KWs®tUvsYrBUCrbs'ExµrmanKMerag

GgkarCanrNa ?

108

Epnkar®JgTukmkCae®sc – 1- j¨Sg[raÂs†Exµrs¬ab'bn†knʨyK~a «minBiVkvasm¬ab'» dUcCaG~kCm©W …G~krbYsF©n'@bN†almkBIsÂgam, mnusßcas'Cra, kUnekµge◊TwkedaHeKa « eBlenaHKµanTwkedaHeKaTal'EtesaH » . CaBiessG~kTI®kugminF¬ab'edIr edkJsvalJs´®BpÊal'dI, halx¥l'halek†AkN†aleP¬øg nigpwkTwk GN†ËgbN†al[eTACamaneraKraKmYl «Kµanf~STal'EtesaH» . manmYy PaKbN†almkBIkarGs'sgÙwm k*sm¬ab'x¬ÁnecaleTA . 2- vacUlmk®bmUlb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†k~¨g®beTsExµr dwkCJÇËneTAkan'®b eTsvaedayesrI nigy"aggaybMput . va®by&t~Nas' vaminbeN†ay[eyI geXIjvagay@eT . CYnCamanExµrNam~ak'VnCYb®kumvaeday´cdn¥ Exµr GP&B√enaH®tUvvaecaTfa edIrxusExße®tom GgkareFI√TaruNkmµrhUtdl's¬ab'. elakKwm-gYn®tacbJÇak'eTotfa – s®tUvsYrBUCrbs'eyIgkMBugEtsm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr, kMBugEtb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†Exµr edaysarEteQµaHGgkarGna mik vaGaclak'muxVny"agCitdEdl . elakKwm-gYn®tacCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam, CaG~kneyaVyd*nwgnrm~ak' Ed lF¬ab'eFI√karenAe®kambgab'elaksWg-g"ukfaj' . elaksal'®Kb'es~øtni gkll∫icrbs'evotmij EdlF¬ab'VnelbykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam . eBl enHelakBn¥l'G~kGg¨ys†ab'TSgGs'fa – enAbcç¨b∫n~enH evotkugkMBug®b mUlkll∫icdEdlenaH mk[GgkarTSgGs' edayEkT®mg'Etbni†cbn†Ác b"ueNˆaH . ≤LËvGgkarkMBugEtGnuvt†kll∫icenH edIm∫IvatTIelbTwkdIkmı¨Ca kN†aleTot . eBlenaHedayGs'sgÙwm elakKwm-gYn®tac®KvIk∫alehIyf©Ërfa – « ebIelakFM@ExµrVneKcrYceTAkan'breTs minxMeronsU®t[sal'kll∫ic s®tUv, minxMBn¥l'K~a[yl'fa®beTsExµr®tUvrlay enHKWs~a´dyYnhaNU y, ebIeyIgecHEtbeN†ay[raÂs†Exµrbn†karyl'®cLM yks®tUveFI√Camit† m"¥ageToteyIgminecHGb'rMExµr[ecHsamKIK~a˘˘˘ etIkalNaeTAeTIbeyIgGa crMedaHTwkdIkmı¨CaVn ? » . elakKwm-gYn®tacTTYlsarPaBfa – elakk*yl'®cLMy"agF©n'Edr . elakmin®Bmrt'ecalTwkdI ≤LËvP¬at'es~øtF¬ak'x¬Ánk~¨ge®KaHf~ak'y"agF©n'Cag F©n' . ebIeyIgminVneXIjpÊal'EP~keT nUvåb∫ti†ehtud*cEm¬k@ dUcCasm¬a b'rgald*Gsçar¥minTMngy"agenH, ebIeyIgminVneXIjGtItemExµrevotmij

GgkarCanrNa ?

109

dUcCataEb"t, taekACaedImecjmuxmkkan'GMNacy"agenHeT eyIgminGac yl'nigTTYlsal'fa – emdwknSExµrcaj'eVkyYnhaNUyeLIy . ≤LËvenHeTaHeyIgyl'c∫as'y"agenHk*eday k*vacUcCayWteBlNas'eTAehIy . x¬Ánrbs'elak@k*sni~dΩanTukdUcCas¬ab'eTAehIy Ggkarmin Gnue®KaHTuk[elakenArs'teTAeToteLIy . elakk*bEnƒmeTotfa munnwgs¬ab'xM∆¨sMuTUnµannwgp†SeTAbÌËn@[ecHeFI√x√ak' eFI√K eFI√f¬g' nigecHGt'Fµt'eTIbmansgÙwmGaceKcputBIe®KaHf~ak'd*åt∫atenH Vn . m¥"ageTotebIbÌËn@Naesssl'enArs' ®tUvEteFI√Blikmµtamdan ®sav®CavrkehtuBitnigtamrkmux[eXIjc∫as'fa – etIGgkarCanrNa ? ebItamrkeXIjdUceyabl'xM∆¨Emn cUrkMu®BegIykenI†y[esaH KW®tUvsresr TukCa‰ksarCabN†Sdl'kUnExµrCMnan'e®kay[dwg [yl'erOgBitfa « etI emXatkrCasasnN _ a ? sMukMu[kUnExµre®kay@caj'eVkyYnhaNUydUc CaExµrGP&B√ EdlekItmkcMCMnan'sem†csIhnunigexov-sMpn[esaH » . elakG~kEdlmanvasnaGg¨ys†ab'Jk¥eBcnd _ *manx¬wmsarrbs'ela kKim-gYn®taceBlenaHKW – - elakyW-vij®TI CanaykTIBiesaFn_ - elakfac'-sakan CasaÂs†acar¥ - elakfac'-ekI√g CaGnuesniyeTa - elakKim-PYg CaGnuesniy‰k - elaksWn-tun CaP~ak'gar®ksYgrfePI¬g - elakKim-c&nÊ CasaÂs†acar¥ - yayeTog Canaykariyal&yrebobnigCanaykariyal&y‰ksar G~kTSgGs'enHelIk´deb†C∆aTTYlbN†Srbs'elakKim-gYn®tac . b"uEn†elakTSgb"unµanenH ®tUv®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgcUlmkcab'cgykeTAsm¬a b'ecalm†gmYy@Cabn†bnÊab'K~a˘˘˘ - elakKim-gYn®tac®tUveKcab'x¬ÁnenAedImExtulaq~S1976 . - elakKim-c&nÊ ®tUveKcab'x¬ÁnenAl©ac´f©25-10-76 . - elakyW-vij®TI, fac'-sakan, sWn-tun nigKim-PYg ®tUveKcab'x¬Án enA´f©TI11-11-76 evlaem"ag8yb' . - elakfac'-ekI√g ®tUveKcab'x¬ÁnenA´f©TI20-4-78 CamYy®bCaCncMnYn 300nak' rYcbeNI†rnSykeTAsm¬ab'ecalenAxaglicPUmikg˙t .

GgkarCanrNa ?

110

- yayeTog ®tUveKcab'x¬ÁnenA´f©TI2-1-77 nSykeTAdak'Kukk~¨g´®B taEbn siƒtenAxagekItPUmikg˙t xaglicP~MeCIgeTj Edlsl'enArs'dl' sB√´f© ˘˘˘Gacsresr‰ksarenHCUnExµrTSgLayedIm∫ICaKtiteTAGnaKt . elakekItenAq~S1915 enAPUmiÚsßImYyKumı XMuL¨gehob ®suk®takUv ex t†®tavij kmı¨Cae®kam . CakUn®busTImYyrbs'taEknigyayFa . elakeronenAmhaviT¥al&y enATI®kughaNUyEp~khirJÔvtƒ¨ . luHeronecHcb' elakk*vil®tLb'eTAkan' ext†®tavijvij . elakminGac®TSenAk~¨gnKrkMeNItVn edaysarkareFI√V bekobsg˚t'BIsMNak'yYnevotmij mkelIExµrG~kecHdwgTUeTA manrUbelak CaedIm . elakk*cakecalTwkdIkMeNItCamYy®KYsar mktSgTIlMenAenAraC FanIP~MeBjk~¨gq~S1945 . k~¨graC®BHVTsIhnu elakCaGKelxaFikarenA rtnaKarCati . enAsm&ysaFarNrdΩ elakCaeTsaPiVl´nFnaKarCatik mı¨Ca . enAsm&yGgkarq~S1975 eKdak'Tiselak[edIrerIsGacme_ Kayk mkeFI√CIr . luHq~S1976 elakePosx¬Ánmkext†Vt'dMbg sMNak'enAkg elx4 PUmi´®Bs√ay enAxagekItshkrNl _ k'e®Cov . GgkarbMEbkelak ecjBI®bBnÏkUnEt‰g‰ka enAelIx¬ÁnmanEtexaxI¬dac'dacmYybn¬as' KµanGav Jk'eLIy . Ggkardak'Tis[elakErkTwke®sacbEn¬ .

❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

111

dMNak'kar®tUvsm¬ab'buKlikeBT¥ P~ak'garrfePI¬g nigCagtm∫aj

enA´f©TI23-4-75 GgkarbJÇa[mnusßeTA®Vb'buKlikrfePI¬gnigCag tm∫ajenAext†Vt'dMbgTSgGs'fa ®tUvenAsm©Mes©ømeFI√karCaFmµta . cMEN kmit†sflUeTA®Vb'buKlikeBT¥enAmnIÊreBT¥FMTI®kugVt'dMbgfa ®tUvenAs©b' es©ømmYykEn¬gsin . cMeJHerOgd*cEm¬kenH KWBMuEmnmkBIGgkarmancit†sb∫¨rsTukCIvitelak eT EtenHCakll∫icfiınEP~krbs'Ggkar . vaTukbuKlikTSgbIEp~kenH[CYy bg˙at'be®goneyaFaekµg@ nig®kum®bCaCncas'rbs'va j¨Sg[®kumenaHyl'®cLMsIueCarCYysm¬ab'nigeFI√TaruNkmµ CaBiessCYyesIubkarNe_ pßg BI®bCaCnfIµp†l'[GgkarCabeN†aHGasn~sin . emIlcuH ! cugq~S1976 GgkarbJÇa[®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgcUlmkkan' kg®Kb'@kgk~¨gext†Vt'dMbg cab'cgbuKlikeBT¥cMnYn25nak' nSykeTA Vt'x¬ÁnrhUt . k~¨gcMeNambuKlikTSgenaH eyIgsal'elakevCÇbNiÎtBwg Kwmsfla, Em"n-hYn, GYn-QYt nigelakyW-vij®TI CanaykmnIÊrBiesaFn_ . k~¨gExkum∏ : q~S1977 ®sab'EteXIjLankam"∆¨g4e®KOgctCak∫ÁnenAmux sƒaniyrfePI¬gTI®kugVt'dMbg . eBlenaHeKeXIjbuKlik®ksYgrfePI¬gTS gnayTSgkmµkrcMnYn175nak'kMBugtMerobCYreLIgLan . eBlenaHeKeXIjnay®ksYgm~ak'E®sklaPriyaBIelILan G~k®sIPriyayl'eXIjkarmin®sYledaydwgehtukarNf _ a Ggkarc∫as'CaykbI†G~ k®sIeTAsm¬ab'ehIy G~k®sIk*etageLIgelILaneTAs¬ab'CamYybI†Edr . Et GgkarVnkuhkfa ykG~kGs'enaHeTAeronsU®t˘˘˘ ´f©dEdlevlaem"ag3resol manLankam"∆¨gcMnYn9e®KOgtMerobCaCYrCa k∫ÁnenAmuxeragc®ktm∫ajPUmiTYlta‰k TI®kugVt'dMbg . eBlenaHeKeXI jneyaCiktm∫aj®bus@cMnYn350nak' tMerobCYrK~aeLIgLan . Ggkarkuhkfa ykG~ktSgenaHeTAeronsU®tEdr . EtCIvit´nneyaCikTSg350nak' enaH Vnrlt'CamYy®Kab'kSePI¬grbs'GgkareTAehIy˘˘˘

GgkarCanrNa ?

112

cMENk‰®bBnÏnigkUnrbs'CnGP&B√TSgenaHvij Ggkarcab'K~adwktam reTHeKaykeTAbJçËlKuk®sIemm"ayk~¨g´®BtaEbn EdlCaTIrehasƒan . rYc ehIyGgkareFI√TaruNkmµedaydak'[eFI√karCaTm©n' bgÌt'VyTwk . em"¬aH ehIyG~kTSgenaH®tUvs¬ab'nwgkare®skX¬an nigCm©W®Kuncaj'y"agGaeNac GaFm·Nas'˘˘˘.

dMNak'kar®tUveFI√TaruNkmµlutdMsm¬ab' eyaFaekµg@nigemkan'k†ab'

cab'tSgBI´f©17-4-75 Ggkarlak'bMBYneyaFay"age®cInenAE®BkTal' CatMbn'EdlmanpÊHsg'enAelITwk . ®bCaCnfIµ®tUveKhammin[ePosx¬ÁnmktMbn'enHeT . rI‰BYkeyaFaEdl enAE®BkTal'vijk*KµansiTiÏmkCYbEm"“ …®bCaCnfIµCadac'xat . edaysar karkat'p†ac'TMnak'TMngnwgBiPBe®kAy"agenH BYkeyaFaTSgGs'enaHminVn d w g T a l' E t e sa H f a G g  k a r b JÇ a [ sm ¬ a b ' b g b Ì Ë n E x µ r r a b ' la n n a k ' m i n V n d w g faTI®bCMuCnnanamanrdΩFanIP~MeBj TIrYmext†Vt'dMbg˘˘˘ TSgenaHk¬ayeTACaTI rehasƒan

minVndwgfaBYkevotkuglYcdwkCJÇËn®TB¥sm∫ti†ExµrTSgmYy

nKreTA®beTsvaenaHeLIy .l. tMbn'E®BkTal'sm∫ËrNe_ TAeday®tI . k~¨gExemsaq~S1978 Ggkarec jbJÇa[bJÇËnmnusßm~ak'k~¨gmYykgeTAtMbn'enaHCabnÊan'edIm∫ICYyensaT rYm . k~¨gkgelx4 enAPUmi´®Bs√ayxagekIt, yuvCn dn ®tUveKcat'bJÇËn[ eTAbMeBjebskkmµenH . 15´f©e®kaymk yuvCndnvil®tLb'mkkan'kg vij . dnxßwb®Vb'yayeTogfa –

dnVneXIjeK®bmUleyaFaekµg@Gayu

cab'bI15eTA17q~S mancMnYn5Jn'nak' CYbCMuK~aenAE®BkTal' . eBlenaHman mnusßd*cEm¬kcMnYn10nak' Gayu®bEhlBI30eTA40q~S . eBlx¥l'bk'mYk F¬ak'BIk∫al dneXIjT®mg'muxBYkenaHdUcCayYn . maneyaFaBiesscMnYn 200nak' CaG~kkarJrsni†sux manGavuF®Kb'´d manreboberobryy"ag®bug ®by&t~

G~kx¬Hmanmuxmat'dUcCayYn .

eBlenaHdneXIjem@QrxßwbK~am

GgkarCanrNa ?

113

YysnʨH®sab'Etmanm~ak'maDmSsk'rYj edIrecjmkQrcMBImuxeyaFaekµg@ cab'epI†m®bkasCaPasaExµry"agEpÌmEl˙mfa – « mit†CaTIes~haTSgLay˘˘˘ ®beTseyIgtUcEmnBit b"uEn†eyIgGacsM ercdeNI†mykVnC&yCMnHd*FMeFg BIc®kBti†GaemrikSgnigbrivarvaCasƒaBr . C&yCMnHenHVnedaysars~a´d ´neyaFabdivt†nd _ *k¬ahanrbs'eyIg . ≤LËv Ò Ë e r o m c ∫ g s µ & ® K c i t † e r o b c M e c j e T A r M e d a H T w k d I k m ı ¨ C a e ® k a m E d l C a e k r † im _ rtkBI dUntarbs'eyIg EdlVrSgVn®cLM®bKl'[eTAyYnBIq~S1949 . cMENk ‰bÌËn@ GgkarerobcMkEn¬gsMrab'bg˙at'be®gonGb'rMenAPUmikekaH E®sGUr EchYy nigcamlÌa edIm∫ICaGnaKtG~kdwknSExµrfIµ . cMENkGavuF®tUvlak'Tuk mYyGenI¬sin ˘˘˘» . luHdkGavuFrYce®scVc'ehIy eyaFaTSgGs'k*te®mobCYrK~acuHTUkFM@ seN†agedaysarkaNUt EdlGgkarbJÇa[erobCak∫Ánrg'cSCae®sctam Ten¬ rYcdwknSecjeTAkan'tI®kugVt'dMbgP¬am . rI‰em@kan'k†ab'eyaFaekµg@ TSg400nak'enaH EdlPaKe®cInCaGtitecar´®B ®tUvVnGgkarbJÇa[bMEb kecjBIeyaFa rYcdkGavuFTukmYyGenI¬sin ehIyrg'cSs†ab'bJÇarbs'GgkarCafIµEdr . luHk∫ÁnkaNUtseN†agTUkeyaFacakecjputBIE®BkTal'VnmYyem"a gehIy GgkarecjbJÇa[Vj'sm¬ab'em@eyaFaTSg400nak'enaH rYck*Fa k'Tm¬ak'TwkTen¬sabCacMNI®tITSgGs' . cMENk‰eyaFaekµg@ EdleKdwknSykeTAkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg ®tUv eKykeTAlt'dM eFI√TaruNkmµ bg≈M[eFI√karTSgyb'TSg´f© halek†A hal eP¬øg KµanTICMrk edkEtJsval hutTwkbbrCamYyGMbil QW≤tf~SB¥aVl . G~kenAsl'BIs¬ab' manEtEs∫kdN†b'qÌwg . k~¨gcMeNameyaFaekµg@TSgenH ebImanG~kNam~ak'hflanpßge®Bgrt' ecalGgPaB minyUrb"unµaneT GgkarbJÇa[Xatkrtamsm¬ab'Tal'EtVn . åTahrNm _ Yyy"agCak'Es†gEdlxM∆¨VneXIjpÊal'EP~k – ‹‹‹manmit†narIm~ak'eQµaH kicç, “BukeQµaH Kwm, m†ayeQµaHeb"s . mit† narIenHekItenAPUmikac'reTH, XMukMBg'®BH, ®suksEg˚, ext†Vt'dMbg . enAq~S 1973 mit†narIkicç manGayu15q~S . nagEtgEtedjeKa[sIuesµAenAtam´®B rnam siƒtenAxagekItPUmi . ´f©mYy evotkug (e®bIyIehaExµr®khm) ecjBI ´®Bmkb¬n'eKanagGs' rUcbMP&ybn¬acnagtamkll∫icepßg@

eFI√[nagP&y

GgkarCanrNa ?

114

x¬acminhflanvil®tLb'eTACYbEm"“vijeT . dUec~HExµr®khmesIÊrCayYnesIÊr CaecarenH k*nSnagkicçcUl´®B rYck*bJçËlnageTAk~¨gGgPaBeyaFaekµg@tS gBIeBlenaHmk . k~¨gq~S1978 mit†narIkicçk*erobkarCamYyeyaFaekµg@dUcK~a . eBlGgkar®bmUleyaFaekµg@nSykeTAlt'dM . mit†narIkicçk*nSbI†eTA CamYyeKEdr . enAExkum∏:q~S1979 mit†narIkicçsMralVnkUn®sIm~ak' . eday minGac®TS®TnwgTaruNkmµd*F©n'F©rrbs'GgkarVn BIrnak'bI†®bBnÏk*sMerc cit†BrkUnxIçGayu2Exrt'ecjBIGgPaB eTABYn®CkenACamYybÌËn®sIbegI˚t eQµaH kay Ca®bCaCnfIµ . enA´f©16-4-79 em"ag®bEhl11CitGa®Fat man®kumBiXatGaf·kMVMg tamrkeXIj®KYsarmit†kicçk~¨g´®Brnam siƒtenAxagekItPUmi´®C ®sukemagÚ sßI . ®kumXatkrd*eXareXAenHk*sm¬ab'bI†®bBnÏmit†kicçnigkUnxIç ®BmTSg ®KYsarrbs'bÌËnmit†kicçTSgGs'K~a manbI†nagkay, nagkay, kUn®busGayu 2q~S . minEtb"ueNˆaH Xatkrsm¬ab'®bCaCnfIµcMnYn30nak'eTot edayecaT faCaG~ksfl˜u®KlMulak'bMBYn®KYsarmit†kicç .

dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'GanikCnyYn

e®kayBIdwkCJÇËneyaFaekµg@ecjputGs'BIE®BkTal' nigVj'sm¬ab' 'em@eyaFacMnYnCag400nak'enaHrYcehIy ®BlwmEsÌkeLIg GgkarehA®b CMu®bCaCnEdlVneTACYyensaT®tITSgGs' rYcbJÇa[vil®tLb'eTAkan' kgerog@x¬ÁnvijcuH . ®kumyuvCndnmanK~a15nak' tMerobCYrK~acuHkaNUtmYy rYcebIkbrecj eTAkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg . luHebIkbrmkdl'PUmiVk'GE®gk BYkeK®keLkeXI jcMkareJtmYy siƒtenAxageq√g´dd*FMl√wgelI√ymansPaBs©at'e®cob ma nEp¬lµmkac'mkes©arhUbVn . BYkeKe®tkGrNas' k*ebIkkaNUtsMedAcM kar . ®sab'Et®Kb'K~aP∆ak'j&rrnÏt' tk's¬¨t edayeXIjexµacmYyKMnrFM Edl eKeTIbsm¬ab'fIµ@ man®sI ®bus ekµg cas' cMnYn®bEhl500nak' . eBl enaHeXIjyaym~ak'CatiyYn Gayu®bEhl65q~S nigkumarm~ak'Gayu®bEhl 8q~S enArs'sl'BIeKsm¬ab' EtG~kTSgBIrmanrbYsCaTm©n' . yayyYn®t-

GgkarCanrNa ?

115

drniyay®Vb'yuvCndnfa – «˘˘˘XatkrEdlkuhkdwknSyYnykmksm¬a b'enH minEmnExµr®khmeT !! KWCaCatiyYn vamanK~aTSgGs'25nak' emFMrb s'vaeQµaH TWVPuk » . TWVPukbg˚b'x¬ÁnbMerIyYnhaNUyCayUrq~SmkehIy ! ´f©EdlmanGMeBI å®kidΩkmµenH yYnTSgGs'enAtMbn'Vk'®J TTYlbJÇaBITWVPuk [nSK~amk ®bCMuenAcMkareJtenH . luHCYbCMuehIy ®sab'Etæsem¬g®Kab'kSePI¬ge®sac mkelIx¬ÁnKat'nigexµacGs'TSgenH ecjmkBI®Kb'Tis !! . x¬ÁnKat'®tUv®Kab' kSePI¬gmI´®tEy"t Vj'cMVk'eP¬Asn¬b'Vt'sµartI eTIbnwgdwgx¬ÁnmuneBlEd lBYkyuvCndneTIbnwgmkdl'b"ueNˆaH . ®kumdnminhflankac'eJtenaHeT edayGaNityayyYnx¬SgeBk k*elI kbIKat'dak'eTAelITUkmYyepßgCamYyekµg®busenaH rYccgExßseN†agCa mYykaNUtehIyk*brcakecjBITIenaHsMedAeTATI®kugVt'dMbg . luHebIkcakecjbIcMkareJtenaHVncm©ay®bEhl2K˘m˘

®sab'Et

eXIjexµacGEN†teBjsÊwg hUrtamTwkcuHeTAkan'Ten¬sab . ®kumdnBinit¥y"aghµt'ct'eTAelIexµacGEN†tTwkenaH KWCaexµacyYnTSg Gs' . ®kumdnP∆ak'tk's¬¨tm†geTot sm¬wgmuxK~a . dnk*beJçjeyabl'fa cuHebIGgkarsm¬ab'yYn cMENk‰eyIgEbCaCYyseÂgaHeTAvij ! yIminekIt eT˘˘˘ eyIg®tUvEtkat'ExßTUkecalyayyYnnigkumarkMst'edkf©Ërk~¨gTUkkN†alf¬¨kQam enAelIsÊwgenHeTAcuH˘˘˘ rYcehIydnk*kat'ExßTUkenaHeTA edI m∫Isni†suxmYy®Kasin .

ehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCaGgkareTIbEtnwkeXIj sm¬ab'GnikCnyYn? ebIExµreyIgecHtamdan ehIysal'nUvl∫icklrbs'Ggkar eyIgGac rkeXIjcemI¬ycMeJHsMnYrenH . GgkarmanKMeragTukmkCayUrehIy KWmin EmnecHEteFI√tamcit†nwkeXIjP¬am@enaHeT . eKaledArbs'vaKWCal∫ickl bEg√gdan bg√ilxYrk∫alExµr nigGn†rCati[®cLMvIvk' . emIlcuHk~¨gq~S1975 GgkarbJÇa[Xatkrsm¬ab'ExµrvIvk' . ExµrEdlmin

GgkarCanrNa ?

116

Tan'dl'evns¬ab'rab'lannak' ®tUvGgkaredj[cakecalTIlMenA beNI†r®KY saredayeCIgeTAedkJsvalJs´®B Gt'Vy®khayTwk .l. pʨyeTAvij enAeBlCamYyK~a GgkarEbCamancit†sb∫¨rsseN†as®b NIdl'GnikCnyYneTAvij˘˘˘ KYr[cEm¬kNas' . enATI®kugVt'dMbg xageCIgvt†laP manCMrMGnikCnyYnmYyEdlman yYncMnYn4,600nak' . enAl©ac´f©TI23-4-75 Ggkarcat'tMNagy"ags©at'bMputeTAxßwb®Vb' G~kTSgenaHfa – « ®tUvenA[es©ømsin cSTTYlbJÇaCafIµ » . - enAdMNac'ExåsPa1975 ( BIrExe®kaymk ) GgkarbJÇa[®bmUl GnikCnyYn EdlsMNak'enAelITUktambeN†aydgsÊwgsEg˚ nigGnikC nyYnEdlmanTIlMenAenAPUmixßac'eJy ®bmUlK~aTSgGs'VncMnYn11mWun 500nak' . - k∫ÁnkaNUtelIkTI1enH erobtamdgsÊwgsEg˚ ®tg'PUmix√it XMuE®Bkxıb rYcdwkCJÇËnyYnTSgGs'enaHeTAkan'®beTsevotNam . enAk~¨gk∫ÁnenH manyayyYnm~ak'eQµaH eL-FIbIuj Vnvil®tLb'mkkan'GtitCMrMrbs'Kat' vij KWGtitCMrMGnikCnyYnEk∫rvt†laPk~¨gq~S1979 edIm∫ImkKas'dIrkmas eB®C Edlkat'Vnlak'kb'enATIenaH . - enAk~¨gExkk˚da1975 mank∫ÁnkaNUtseN†agTUkFM@CaelIkTI2 . k∫ÁnenHebIkbrecjBIPUmixi√t XMuE®Bkxıb tamdgsÊwgsEg˚dEdl manGnik CnyYncMnYn5Jn'nak' ®bmUlmkBI®suk®BHen®t®BH sIusupun mglbUrI nig fµeKal . enAk~¨gk∫ÁnkaNUtelIkenH manÂsI†Exµrm~ak'eQµaH Nat' manbI† CatiyYn Vnvil®tLb'mkkan'®sukExµrvij enAedImq~S1980 . - enAk~¨gExkJÔa1975 mank∫ÁnkaNUtseN†agTUkFM@CaelIkTI3 . k∫ÁnenHebIkbrecjBIPUmixi√t XMuE®Bkxıb tamdgsÊwgsEg˚dEdl manGnik CnyYncMnYn7Jn'nak' ®bmUlmkBI®sukk∫aleKal TYl®BM talas' kMBg' ®BH nigxMurSgeksI . enAk~¨gk∫ÁnkaNUtelIkenH manExµrbn¬MeFI√CayYnenACa mYyx¬H@ . manÂsI†yYnm~ak'eQµaH eg√øg-FILaj nigExµrm~ak'eQµaHyay saxun EdlmanbI†CatiyYn Vnvil®tLb'mkkan'®beTsExµrvijk~¨gq~S1980 . - enAk~¨gTI®kugP~MeBj ´f©18-4-75 Ggkarcit†eXareXAedj®bCaCn TSg3lannak' [fyecjcm©ay20K˘m˘BITIlMenA . eq¬øteBlclacl enH

GgkarCanrNa ? GgkarCJÇËnnayTahanevotkugmkP~MeBjvij

117 .

vaedIr®bmUlGnikCn

yYnedays©at'@ dak'tam®kum@ mane®cInmWunnak' ehIyxßwbexßøv[sm©MenA es©ømtamkEn¬gsincSs†ab'bJÇaCafIµ . - k~¨gExmifuna1975 ®sab'EteXIjLanFM@®Kb'Funy"age®cIn tMerobCYr Cak∫Án ehIydwkBYkGnikCnyYnTSgLayenaHecjBIP~MeBjtamp¬ËvCatiel x1 q¬gE®BkG~kelOgnSecjeTAkan'®beTsevotNam . - enA´f©TI30-6-75 nayTahanevotkugcUlmk®sukcMkarelI CYbpÊal' Exµr®khm sMu®bmUlGnikCnyYncMnYn5Jn'nak' nSecjeTAkan'®beTsevot Nam . - k~¨gExkk˚da1975 manKN®btiPUevotkugcUlmkPUmitaexµA ecjbJÇa [Exµr®khm®bmUlGnikCnyYn[va . KN®btiPUevotkugenHniyayeTAka n'Exµr®khmfa – CnCatievotNamEdlenAk~¨g®sukExµr GacmanlTÏPaBnwg eFI√matuPUminivt†ne_ TAmatu®beTsrbs'eKvij . EsÌkeLIgTUkFM@seN†ageda ykaNUt te®mobCak∫ÁntamdgsÊwgtaexµA pʨkyYncMnYn1mWun5Jn'nak' nS ecjeTAkan'®beTsevotNam . - k~¨gExvicœika1975 enAPUmi®kUcqµa GgkarGnuJÔat[GnikCnyYnCae®cIn Jn'nak' eFI√matuPUminivt†ne_ dayesrI . - ´f©TI30-11-75 enAtambeN†ay®BMEdnExµr-yYn mannayTahan evotkugcUlmkkan'dIExµr rYcecjbJÇak~¨gnamGgkar [Exµr®khm®bmUlG nikCnyYn[va . vaniyaydEdlfa – CnCatiyYnEdlenA®sukExµr Gacma nlTÏPaBnwgeFI√matuPUminivt†ne_ TAmatu®beTsrbs'eKvij . eBlenaHExµr®k hms†ab'bgab'yYn vaedIr®bmUlGnikCnyYnCae®cInmWunnak' ®bKl'[nay Tahanevotkug . nayTahanevotkugbeNI†rGnikCnyYnedayefIµreCIgeTA kan'®beTsevotNam . - enAedImq~S1977 nayTahanevotkugcUlmkkan'PUmim"a´L k~¨gext†ta Ekv VnecjbJÇadac'Nat'k~¨gnamGgkarbg≈M[Exµr®khm®sav®Cavrkyuv CnyYn Edl®cLMbl'k~¨gkgcl&t ®tUvnSmk®bKl'[vavij . Exµr®khm rkVnyuvCnyYncMnYn17nak' EdlmanGayuBI10eTA13q~S elIkElgEtyu vCnm~ak'eQµaH bflU-faj'mij ecj EdlmanGayu23q~S . eBleXIjGgkardwkCJÇËnyYny"agenH ExµrEdlF¬ab'Etmancit†emt†akru Na®Kb'®Kan'

k*sMrk'TwkEP~kGaNitGnikCnyYn

edayyl'®cLMfaGgkar

GgkarCanrNa ?

118

ykBYkenHeTAsm¬ab'ehIy . KWe®JHEtkaryl'®cLMfaGgkarykeTAsm¬a b'enHehIy VnCa®beTsExµr®tUvrlayGs'3lannak' !? . tamesckI†ray karNB _ IG~k®sINat', BIyayyYneL-FIbIuj, BIG~k®sIyYneg√øg-FILaj nigbIyaysuxun EdlnS®KYsarePosx¬ÁneTAtamk∫ÁnTUk eqıaHeTA®beTs evotNamTSgbIelIkenaHfa – GgkarbJÇa[Exµr®khmpʨkes∫øgdak'k∫Án TUk[Vn®Kb'®Kan' manGg˚r, GMbil nigm˙Ëb eTAtamcMnYnmnusß nigtamry: eBlEdl®tUveFI√dMeNIr . minEtb"ueNˆaH Exµr®khm®tUvEtCUndMeNIrk∫ÁnTUk TSg3elIkenaH rhUtdl'ekaHeTov . evotkuge®tomk∫ÁnkaNUtseN†agTUk FM@enATIenaHrYcCae®sc . dUec~HkicçkarCen¬øsGnikCnyYnecjBI®sukExµr BMuEmnCaerOg´cdn¥eT ! KWGgkarmanKMeragkarNr_ YcCae®sc edIm∫IeFI√GI√nimY y@ eTAtamdMNak'karrbs'va ( ≤LËv®tUveFI√enH rYcehIy®tUveFI√enaHeTAeTot) BIext†Vt'dMbgeTAekaHeTovmancm©ayq©ayEsnq©ay . enAExmkraq~S 1981 enACMrMQunburI´n®beTs´f yayeTogVnCYbyaysuxun . yay suxunVnerobrab'®Vb'yayeTogfa – Kat'manTIlMenAenAXMuTYl®BMu ®suk emagÚsßI ext†Vt'dMbg . Kat'manbI†CatiyYn . enAyb'mYy´nExkJÔaq~S 1975 GnikCnyYnenAXMuTYl®BM kMBugte®mobCYrK~aeLIgLan EdlGgkar erobcMCen¬øsecjeTAkan'PUmix√it . enAeBlenaH®sab'EteXIjyuvCnyW-®TIKimvNˆ : CakUnc∫grbs'yay eTogrt'mkeLIgLanGg¨yTnÊwmnwgKat' . vNˆ:CaGnuesniyeTa {nxßwb®V b'Kat'fa Exµr®khmtamrkcab'x¬ÁnedayecaTfaeKCaTahan . manehtuekIt eLIgCa´cdn¥y"agenH Kat'k*sMerccit†TTYlvNˆ:faCakUnc∫grbs'Kat'˘˘˘. ®KYsaryaysuxun®tUveKdwktamTUkeTAdl'ekaHeTov . eBleTAdl'TIedA munnwgeLIgelITUkevotkug

B Y k v a V n e F I √ k a r B i e s a F nc _ MeNHPasayYneTA

elIGnikCnm†gm~ak'@ . dl'evn®KYsaryaysuxun ! {BueTÏaeGIy ! vNˆ:min ecHyYnmYym"at'esaH evotkugbdiesFminTTYl . eBlenaHyaysuxunxM tva"y"agsnÏwkNas' viHEtnwg®tUvevotkugedj®KYsarva[cuHBITUkvavij . niyaymkdl'®twmenH yaysuxun{byayeTogehIytÌËjfa « s†ayNa s'mindwgCavasnarbs'vNˆ:nwgk¬ayeTACay"agNaehIyeT » . ®bCaCnExµrEdlVnePosx¬ÁneTAkan'®beTsevotNam luHdl'q~S1979-80 Vnvil®tLb'mkkan'®beTsExµrvij k*niyayEvkEjkfa – ‹‹‹ tameCIgTwk –

GgkarCanrNa ?

119

- KYr[q©l'Ca´®kElg e®JHeBlk∫ÁnkaNUtseN†agTUkFM@TSgsg xagVnCYbK~a (k∫ÁnBI®sukExµr-k∫Ánevotkug), evotkugQr®ctceg˚H®tYtnig ecjbJÇaeTAExµr®khm edayemIlgayCagxM∆¨kJÇHvaeTAeTot [Exµr®khm elIkVvGg˚rBITUkExµreTAdak'k~¨gTUkva . ‹‹‹ tameCIgeKak – - bflUy-KwmL¨gVnniyayEvkEjkfa eKq©l'Esnq©l'edayF¬ab'Vn eXIjpÊal'EP~k nUvGMeBIkacsahavrbs'Exµr®khm Edlelatcak'sm¬ab'®b CaCnExµrK~a‰gdUcP~MePI¬g EtenAeBlEdlBYkExµr®khmTTYlbJÇaBInayTa hanevotkug [cUnBYkyuvCnyYnTSg17nak'eTAkan'PUmima"´LenA®beTsyYn Exµr®khmTSgenaHrt'Ex√g´dEx√geCIgrkGg˚rrkm˙Ëb rYcehIyErkCUndMeNIr BYkevotkug . luHeTAdl'®BMEdnExµr-yYn evotkugecjbJÇabg≈M[Exµr®khm Gs'tSgenaHkb'GavuFlak'Tukk~¨gdIExµrsin edIm∫IErkGg˚rCUndMeNIrBYkvacUl eTAkan'®beTsyYn . ehtuGI√VnCacSlak'kb'GavuF rYceTIbcUl®sukyYn Vn ?

…mYyyYnx¬acExµr®khmt´d

?

…mYyelakbgyYnx¬acelakbÌËnExµr

®khmht'edaylIkSePI¬gpg xMErkGg˚rpg ? . cMENk‰erOgsm¬ab'GnikCnyYnenAExemsa1978 nigsm¬ab'Cabn†b nÊab'mkeTotenaH KWCaKMeragkarNr_ bs'GgkarelIeTetI ! Ggkaryl'fa Gni kCnyYnEdlmin®BmeTAtamevotkugenaH KWCayYnecalemßøt (yYn®sLa j'Exµr) ebIrkßaTukk*vamincMeNj ehIyebIsm¬ab'ecalvaGacman®beyaCn_ e®cIn – 1- GacbMP&n†mtiExµrx¬H[yl'fa Ggkarsm¬ab'TSgExµr sm¬ab'TSgyYn . 2- enA‰haNUy vatSgE®skeCr®Vb'eK‰gfa Exµr®khmsm¬ab'yYn åTahrNe_ nAk~¨gExkk˚da1992enH BYkTahan®kumExµr®khmGay"g cab' epI†msm¬ab'GnikCnyYn rYcehIyE®skfa Exµr®khm@ ! eFI√dUec~H haNUy GacnwgbJÇËnbUdUymklukluy®sukExµrtamp¬Ëvc∫ab'eTot . 3- edIm∫Inwgsm¬ab'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam Edlrt'mk®CkekanenAkmı¨CakN†al GgkareFI√Ca®cLMsm¬ab'TSgekµgTSgcas' rYcE®skecaTfa BYkenHCaBYk yYn …CaExßbN†ajrbs'yYn . enHehIyCakll∫icrbs'yYnedIm∫IbMVt'BUCExµr[qab'Gs' . es~øtrb s'vaEtgEtekg®bv&JçelIExµrCanicç . enHehIyCakll∫icrbs'yYnedIm∫IbMVt'BUCExµr[qab'Gs' . es~øtrbs'

GgkarCanrNa ?

120

vaEtgEtekg®bv&JçelIExµrCanicç . d U e c ~ H e b I e y I g e l I k y k ® B w t i † k a r Nn _ ana dUcVnGtƒaFib∫ayxagelIenH mk®tiHriHBicarNa eyIgGacyl'Vnfa – G~kdwknSExµr®Kb'@nin~akarKµansmtƒPaBGI√TSgGs' eT√s®bEhsbeN†a yx¬Án[caj'eVkyYn caj'eVkciny"agF©n'CagF©n' ! .

sm¬ab'yuvCncl&tedIm∫IbMVt'Ps†¨tag k~¨gExkJÔa1977 k~¨geBlkMBugclaclsm¬ab'Exµr®khm Edlmannin~aka ExµrvIvk' ®sab'EtmanKNkmµaFikarCan'xıs'cMnYn12nak' cuHmkBIGgkarelIedIr ®tYtBinit¥nUvkicçkarepßg@ Edl®bCaCnkMBugbeJçjBlikmµrYmenAPUmikg˙t . enAeBlEdlkMBugBinit¥kargareFI√TMnb'Twkrbs'®kumcl&tdac'xatcMnYn 50nak' manbursmanmaDtUcliÌtecjmuxmksYrBt·manepßg@pÊal'BIBYkcl&t . eBlenaHmanx¥l'bk'mky"agx¬Sg bN†al[®CuHmYkBIk∫alburs enaH j¨Sg[yuvCnTSgGs'P∆ak' edayeXIjmuxbursenaHCayYn k*lan'mat'tic@fa – {yYneTetI ! .l. eBlyb'mkdl' manXatkrGaf·kMVMgmYy®kumy"age®cIn kan'GavuF®Kb' ´d ecjmkB&TÏpÊHek∫ØgmYyx~gbIEl√g siƒtenACab'xagt∫Ëgmat'sÊwgkg˙tEdlmanyuvCncl&tTSg50nak'enaHsMNak'enA

.

BYkXatkrcab'cgyuv

CnVn49nak'ehIyykeTAsm¬ab'ecalTSgGs' . yuvCnrMu manP&B√vasna VneKcx¬ÁnenAeBlenaH ehIyVnGHGag®Vb'yayeTogedaypÊal'mat'BI erOgenHenAk~¨gExF~Ë1985 enATI®kugV"rIs_ . k~¨gExkum∏:q~S1978 manyuvCncl&tdac'xatmYy®kumcMnYn200nak' kMBu gbukEbn®sUvenAE®sval®Ta . ®sab'EtmanKNkmµaFikarCan'xıs'cMnYn14 nak' cuHmkBIGgkarelIedIr®tYtBinit¥®sUv . enAeBlenaH mnusß3nak'edIrmksaksYrpÊal'mat'cl&tGMBIlTÏpl®sUv. yuvCnTSgenaHk*lan'mat'dUcK~afa – yYneTetI! . enAeBlyb'mkdl' BYkyuv Cnkgcl&tTSgenaH®tUveKB&TÏcab'ykeTAsm¬ab'ecalTSgGs'elIkElgEt yuvCnm~ak'eQµaH f EdlVnrt'eKcrYc ehIyVnCYb®Vb'yayeTogGMBIerOg IeenHedaypÊal'mat' enAe®kayvt†rMdYl ®kugVt'dMbg enAExåsPaq~S1979 .

GgkarCanrNa ?

121

kll∫icsm¬ab'ExµrmYyEbbeTot enAeBlEdlGgkarcUlmklukluy®beTsExµrP¬am

GgkarecjbJÇa

[®bmUlGtIteCIgQ~ÁlTSgGs' edIm∫IbegI˚tCaXatkrBiess bMJk'GavuF [P¬am rYcehIyj¨Hjg'[Vj'sm¬ab'GtItecAh√aynay . dUec~HExµrCae®cIn k*®tUvs¬ab'edaysarkll∫icenH . åTahrN®_ KYsarrbs'yayeTog – enA´f©TI24-4-75 yayeTognigs√amInigkUn®VMnak'cakecjBITIlMenA sMedAeTAmat'´®Brnam xagekItPUmikac'reTH k~¨gkgbwgFM shkrN´_ ®BtUc tMbn'4 ext†Vt'dMbg . yayeTognSG~kbMerI®busm~ak'eQµaH sarYn Gayu13 q~SykeTACamYy . Exkk˚daq~S1975 GgkarecjbJÇa[bMEbksarYnecjBI®KYsarrbs'ya yeTog bMJk'GavuF[ rYck*bJçËlk~¨g®kumXatkrBiess . ®kumenHCa®kum GtItG~kbMerI Edl®tUveKj¨Hjg'[hk'elatsm¬ab'GtItecAh√ay . yb'´f©TI3-10-75 sarYnnSmit†mYy®kumkan'GavuF®Kb'´d CaXatkrsm¬ab'ecAh√ayerog@x¬ÁnrYcehIy mkkan'xÊmyayeTog . sarYnniyayeTA mit†@rbs'eK ®BmTSgelIk´dcg̨leTAyaytaehIyniyayfa – « sUm bg˙ajmit†@[sal' enHyayeTog ta®TI sUmmit†@TSgGs'CYykarJryaytarbs'xM∆¨pg ! » . niyayVnEt®twmh~wg sarYnk*layaytabeNI†rmit† @®tLb'eTAvij . cMENk‰®kumXatkrBiess eTACa®sLSgkSg k*ebIk EP~kFM@sm¬wgemIlmuxK~a e®JHsµanEtsarYnnSBYkeK[mkCYysm¬ab' ! . kM BugEtq©l'y"agenH sarYnk*bn¬Wsem¬geLIgfa – « m†ayrbs'xM∆¨eQµaHGaGUn GayuVn10q~S CIdUnxM∆¨nSykmk[enAbMerIyayeTog Caf~Ërnwg®Vk'kasEdlKat'®tUvkar . yayeTogTMnukbMrugEfTSm†ayxM∆¨dUckUnbegI˚t . VnGayu 20q~S Kat'erobcMpßMp˜¨m†ayxM∆¨nig“BukxM∆¨ . xM∆¨ekItmkVnGayu10q~S k*sµ&®Kcit† mkrs'enACamYyKat'dUcCayaynigtarbs'xM∆¨begI˚t . G~kTSgBIrenHTMnukbM rugbg˙at'be®gonxM∆¨[ecHemIlsresrGkßr .l. KWe®JHEtehtuenHehIy VnCaxM∆¨elIk´dsm¬ab'Kat'minrYceT ! » . erOgsarYnEdlCaGtitG~kbMerIminVnsm¬ab'ecAh√ay j¨Sg[KNkmµa FikarkgbwgFMTSgmUlp∆ak'epIÌl

ebIkGg®bCMuCasm©at'mYyrMeBc .

enATI®bCMu

GgkarCanrNa ?

122

eKeXIjmanmit†LS Ca®bFan, mit†Tit, mit†yin nigmit†ehok . G~kTSgbYn nak'enHCaGtitecar´®BF¬ab'rs'enAEtk~¨g´®Brnam . ≤LËvenHGgkarcat'Etg tSgCaKNkmµaFikarkgCaQ¬b ehIyCaBiessCatMNagrbs'Ggkar . ®kum enHehAsarYnmksYrrkehtupl . mit†LSbJÇa[sarYnEf¬gkaresµaH®tg' . sarYnk*cab'GtƒaFib∫ayCahUrEh rYck*bJçb'esckI†fa – eTaHbIhUbVy Twkk*xM∆¨hUbrYmCamYyyaytaEdr . xM∆¨ehAKat'TSgBIrCayayta tSgEtBItUc mk . mit†LSbJÇa[sarYnEf¬gbEnƒmBICIv®bvti†rbs'x¬Án[c∫as'las' . luHEf¬ gcb'˘˘˘ mit†Titk*bn¬WeLIgedayP∆ak'fa – Gah_ ! ebIGIcwgmit†‰gCakUnGaGUn enAPUmi´®BtUcenaH… ? sarYnEbEP~ksm¬wgmit†Titbni†c rYceqI¬yfa – VT ! . mit†Tityk´dGEgÌlk∫alsarYn rYck*sMubeJçjeyabl'k~¨gGg®bCMufa karEdlsarYnminVnsm¬ab'mit†®TInigyayeTogenH Cakarsmrm¥Nas'. xM∆¨sal'mit†®TIc∫as'las' ehIyEdlenArs'dl'sB√´f©enH k*edaysarEt sb∫¨rsFm·rbs'mit†®TI . mit†Titra"yra"b'eTotfa – enAq~S1965 xM∆¨manGayu 25q~S ehIybMerIbkßk~¨g´®Brnam . enAeBlmYyenaH edaysareJHevonduH Ex~g xM∆¨QWcukcab'k~¨geJHy"agx¬Sgswgdac'degI˙m . mit†x¬H@k*dwkxM∆¨ykmk enApÊHkMeNItenA‰´®BtUc . GaGUnCam†ayrbs'sarYn ehIyEdl®tUvCabgCI dUnmYyrbs'xM∆¨ k*eLIgLanQ~ÁlCa®bjab'sMedAeTAkan'eBT¥FM‰TI®kugVt' dMbgsMuBwgmit†®TI . mit†®TIk*ebIkLanpÊal'x¬ÁnmkdwkxM∆¨ykeTAkan'mnIÊreBT¥FM P¬am . evCÇbNiÎtk*sMercvHkat'ykx~ayenaHecjeTA . luHCa®sYlbYlehI ykalNa mit†®TIk*dwkxM∆¨mkpÊHenAPUmi´®BtUcvij . minEtb"ueNˆaHesat Kat' [®Vk'xM∆¨cMnYn2000erolCamYyexaGavEdlxM∆¨Jk'Cab'nwgx¬ÁnenH . mit†Titni yaybeNI†rlat'GavbeNI†redIm∫Ibg˙ajs¬aks~amenAnwgeJHeTAGg®bCMu . eBlenaHmit†LSEdlkMBugEdlkMBuge®skQam ebIkEP~k®khmEt¬ Ebsm¬w gmuxXatkrBIrnak'eTotKW mit†yin nigmit†ehok edIm∫IsYreyabl' . mit†yinEbmuxeKcecjBIEP~kmit†®bFanLS sm¬wg´®BrnammYysnʨHFM eTIbrkJk¥eXIjeqI¬yTSgrdwbrdubfa – eBT¥®TImancit†sb∫¨rsNas' . k~¨geBlmansÂgam xM∆¨enAEtk~¨g´®BrnameT . enAeBlEdl®KYsarrbs'xM∆¨ QW mit†®TIEtgEtCYyB¥aVlCanicç

.

eBlenaHmit†ehoksm¬wgmuxmit†yin

y"agek†A®khayCaTIbMput rYclan'mat'fa – hiuH ! . rYcehIyenAes©øm . kal:eeTs:eenaH mit†TSgbYnnak'enHkMBugCk'´dsm¬ab'®bCaCnfIµk~¨gkgbwg

GgkarCanrNa ?

123

FMy"agvIvk' . cMENk‰ta®TInigyayeTogvijVnrYcx¬ÁnmYy®Kaedaysar sarYn . eBlGgkarbJÇa[®bmUleyaFaekµg@ykeTAlt'dM[s¬ab' yuvCn sarYnVn®tUvTTYlTaruNkmµnwgeKEdr . eBlyYncUlmkratt∫at®beTs Exµr vaebIkbrLaneTA®bmUl®kumsarYnEdlesssl'enArs' nSykeTAbM Jk'GavuF[ rYcbJçËlk~¨gkgkm¬Sgbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca˘˘˘. eq¬øt{kasd*lÌenH sarYnB¥ayamedIrsYrrkyayeTog . sarYnVnCYb yayeTogenA´f©TI3-3-80 enAe®kayvt†rMdYl´nTI®kugVt'dMbg . yuvCn sarYnsMrk'TwkEP~kGaNityayeTogrbs'vaNas' ®BmTSgyMesaks†ay ta EdlminGaceKccakBIkarsm¬ab'rbs'GgkarVn . Vyl©acrYcehIy sarYn{brYcsMBHlayayeTogcakecalTwkdIkmı¨Ca eTAkan'®beTs´f edIm∫IeKcminbMerIyYnteTAeTot .

❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

124

- PaK2 etI®TB¥sm∫tie† Bj®sukExµr~ eTANaGs' ? kll∫icyYnhaNUysm¬ab'kMcayExµr enAkmıC ¨ ae®kam !

CMBUkTI15

‹ dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµr ‹ dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'kmµaPiVlCan'xıs'bkßExµr ®khmnin~akarExµr ‹ dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'KNrdΩmÂnI†´nrdΩaPiVl kmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥ ‹ nrNabegI˚tKukTYlEs¬g

dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab' Exµr®khmnin`akarExµr k~¨gry:eBl27ExGgkar®cank∫alExµr®khmnin~akarExµrnigxIç´d[sm¬ab'K~a‰gy"agvk'vI j¨Sg[ExµrEdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' x¬acVk's∫at Qb'

GgkarCanrNa ?

125

ecHniyay Qb'ecHesIc Qb'ecHyM xM®bwgEtGUsng&l rnas' CMnYs eKa ®kbI kN†aleP¬øg kN†alpr kN†al´f©ek†AesIÊreqH˘˘˘. ®sab'EtenAl©acmYyenaH man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgy"age®cInelIs lb'ecjmkB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'BYkExµr®khmnin~akarExµr®kumTI1 eFI√[clacl eBj´®B . k~¨gExkJÔaq~S1977 enA´f©buN¥PÇM¨biNÎ yayeTogVneXIj®Bwti†karNd _ *cEm¬kmYyedaypÊal'EP~k . eBlenaH®bCaCnP&y®sLSgkSg eday eXIjmnusßCae®cIn®kumedjVj'K~a edayTukexµac[s¬ab'JseBj´®B . e®kaymkbni†ceTIbeKdwgfa man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgecjmky"age®cInelI slb'B&TÏVj'sm¬ab'eyaFaExµr®khm EdlsiƒtenAe®kambJÇakarrbs' dah Yn e h A m i t † v a " j E d l t S g m U l d Ï a n e n A x a g e C I g P ~ M F i b t I G s ' c M n Y n ® b E h l700nak' . cMENkmit†va"j Ggkar[cab'x¬ÁntSgBI´f©TI4-8-77 nSykeTAdak'Kuk TYlEs¬g . bnÊab'BIVneFI√TaruNkmµy"ageXareXAeTAelImit†va"jGs'ry : eBlCagBIrExmk Ggkark*nSykmit†enHeTAsm¬ab'ecalenA´f©TI18-10-77. mit†va"jCashkarIrbs'exov-sMpn . k~¨geBlCamYyK~aenH mUldΩanExµr®kh mnin~akarExµrCae®cInkEn¬geTot k*rge®KaHf~ak'dUcmUldΩanmit†va"jEdr . manåTahrNd _ UcCaenAmUldΩanPUmikUne®kol EdlsiƒtenAcm©ay15K˘m˘BIext†®BH vihar man«®bCaCncas'»cMnYn114nak' nigeyaFaExµr®khmnin~akarExµrcMnYn 202nak' Vnrt'eKccakpute®KaHf~ak'sl'enArs'eTAkan'CMrMlMBuk´n®beTs´f . enAk~¨gcMeNammit†TSgenaH yayeTogVnCYbmit†m~ak' eQµaHeCt GayuCag 30q~S manedImkMeNItenArdΩFanIP~MeBj . eCtEdlCaG~k eronsU®tecHdwgm~ak' Vnniyay®Vb'yayeTogedaypÊal'fa – ®kumx¬Ánsµ&®Kcit†bMerIGgkar k~¨geB lEdlkMBugsÂgamy"agevTna´®kElg. b"uEn†eCOGgkarEdlniyay®cMEdl @fa eBlNaGgkarVnsMerceCaKC&y Ggkarp†l'esrIPaBy"agrugerOg nigsuPmgl[mit†TSgGs'sb∫ayrIkray . luHdl'´f©TI17-4-75 GgkarsMercVn «C&yCMnHd*mhaGsçar¥» ehI yk*bMeP¬cJk¥sn¥aecal . minEtb"ueNˆaHEfmTSgdak'vin&yy"agtwgrwgCa geBlkMBugmansÂgameTAeTot . TSg«®bCaCncas'», TSgeyaFa Ggkar sni~dΩandUcG~keTas KWbJÇa[eFI√BlikmµTSgyb'TSg´f© . rI‰lTÏplEdl eFI√Vn

eXIjEt®bmUldwknSecjeTAkan'TIkEn¬gGaf·kMVMgGs'rlIg . kar

GgkarCanrNa ?

126

Gt'X¬ankan'EtmansPaBF©n'F©rCageBlkMBugmansÂgameTAeTot . CaBiessGgkarhamXat'

min[mankarCYb®b®s&yTak'Tgnwg « ®bCaCnfIµ »

eLIy . ®sab'EtenAcugExkJÔaq~S1977 man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg EdleKmin dwgecjmkBI®bPBNa mancMnYne®cInelIslb'B&TÏVj'sm¬ab'®kumrbs' eCt EdlminVndwgx¬ÁnCamun . Kµankar®bug®by&t~®kumeCtk*®tUvs¬ab'eTA CamYyexµacdYledks†Ëks†wgJseBj´®B . cMENk‰G~kEdlesssl'enArs'edaysarrt'eKcePosx¬ÁnTan' k* VncUlmkkan'®beTs´fenH .l. mit†eCtk*bn†eTotfa – nwk@eTAKYr[s†ayNas' e®JH®KYsarrbs'xM∆¨y l'®cLMy"agF©n' . “BukxM∆¨CanamWunFMeFI√karenArdΩFanIP~MeBj, bg@rbs'xM∆¨Ca saÂs†acar¥, CaevCÇbNiÎt . Kat'mankarCinNaynwgsPaBBukrlYy´nrb bsaFarNrdΩ . enAeBlEdlæsUresckI†GMJvnavrbs'sem†csIhnu “Bu kxM∆¨k*sMerclHbg'GI√@TSgGs' ehIydwknS®KYsarcUl´®Bsµ&®Kcit†bMerIsem† c“ ˘˘˘ b"uEn†b"HcMelIExµr®khmEdlmanembJÇakarelIKWGgkarGnamikeTAvij . GgkarbMEbk®KYsarxM∆¨[®Jt'®Vs'K~aGs'rlIg . cMENk‰xM∆¨EdlX¬atBI ®KYsarenAm~ak'‰g k*minEdlVnænrNaniyayBIeQµaHexov-sMpn sem†c “eLIy . enAeBlenaHxM∆¨mindwgTal'EtesaHfamanExµr®khmEdlmannin~a karyYncUlmkbn¬Me®bIyIehaExµr®khmdUc@K~ay"agenHeT . luHmanåb∫ti†ehtuVj'sm¬ab'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµry"agenHekItman eLIg e®kaymkbni†ceTIbdwgfa® ®kumXatktGaf·kMVMgenHKWCaExµr®khmni n~akaryYn EdlmankarKS®Ty"ageBjTMhwgBIbUdUy . mit†eCtbJÇak'fa k~¨gq~S1978 ®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgTSgenaH ecjmk B&TÏVj'sm¬ab'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµrEdlmanexov-sMpnCaemdwknS mancM nYn2…3elIkeTot . dUec~HExµr®khmesIÊrePI¬genH ®tUvGgkarcat'kar[sm¬a b'Cabn†@Gs'cMnYn®bmaNCag2mWunnak' . GgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'TSgKNrdÏ mÂnI†dUcCa sU-Pwm, jwm-rs', hflU-nwm, eBj-FYk ehAmit†v"n-ev"t CaedIm . mit†eCtbeNI†rbÌËn®sIrt'eKcePosx¬ÁncUlkan'®beTs´f . cMENk“Bu km†aynigbg@®tUv®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgsm¬ab'ecalGs'rlIg . luHecj putBI®bPBd*qÁtlIlaenH mit†eCtVnCYbbgbÌËnExµrfIµ . enAeBlenaH eCtk* dwgfa GgkarGnamikcat'karsm¬ab'bgbÌËnExµrrYmQamrbs'x¬Án EdlmanBYk

GgkarCanrNa ?

127

bJÔv&n†CaBiess Gs'cMnYnCit3lannak' . dwgfaTI®bCMuEx®tTSg20Vnk¬a yeTACarehasƒan rI‰®TB¥sm∫ti†swgeBjmYynKrExµr k*®tUvBYkecarhary ®bmUlykeTA®sukvaGs' . mit†eCtTenÊjfa KYr[QWcab'Ca´®kElg min KYremdwknSExµrenAsm¥aH eF√s®bEhscaj'eVkyYnhaNUybN†al [ExµrF¬ak'dl'nUvvinaskmµ TSg®bCaCnTSg®TB¥sm∫ti† ehIyCaBiesseFI√ [Exµryl'®cLMveg√gbeNI†rK~acakecjBImatuPUmi TukTwkdI´®B®Bwkßa[yYn haNUynigGay"grbs'va®tYt®ta ehIyminEtb"ueNˆaHesat Exµrx¬HEfmTS gEf¬gGMNrKuNyYnEfmeTotpg EdlCakarmYyKYr[eGonxµas'y"ag´®k Elg . CaTIbJçb' eCtk*bEnƒmfa « s†ayeGIyEsns†ayTwkdIkmı¨Ca » . eCtmkdl'saFarNrdΩVrSgenA´f© 7/10/81 . cMENk‰bÌËn®sIk*ta mbI†eTArs'enA‰®beTskaNada .

dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'kmµaPiVlCan'xıs' bkßExµr®khmnin`akarExµr k~¨gq~S1977-78 KukTYlEs¬gCakEn¬gEdlGgkareFI√TaruNkmµ nigsm¬a b'kmµaPiVlCan'xıs'bkßExµr®khmnin~akarExµrGs'cMnYny"age®cIn . manPs†¨ tagx¬H@dUcteTA – ‹ enA´f©TI25-1-77 GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'x¬Ánmit†kuy-FYn kmµaPiVlCan'xıs' nSykeTAdak'KukTYlEs¬g . bnÊab'BIVneFI√TaruNkmµGs'cMnYn eBl3Exmk Ggkarcat'EcgftrUbTuk rYck*sm¬ab'ecaleTA . ‹ enAExminaq~S1977 GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnExµr®khmnin~akarExµr enAPUmiPaKbUJ· mancMnYn400nak' nSykeTAbJçËlKukTYlEs¬g . DucCaem Kukcat'kareFI√TaruNkmµy"ageXareXA bg≈M[sresrsarPaBTTYlkMhusfa ®kumx¬ÁnCaP~ak'garevotkug ehIycuHhtƒelxay"ag®twm®tUv ftrUbTukCa‰k sar rYceTIbsm¬ab'ecal . ‹ enA´f©TI21-6-77 GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnExk-Eb"n ehAmit†sflU CaKN:tMbn'4 nSykeTAdak'KukTYlEs¬g . ‰®bBnÏrbs'mit†sflUenH ®tUveK cab'x¬ÁnenA´f©8-9-77 . Duccat'kareFI√TaruNkmµy"ag´®B´pß rYcehIysm¬a b'TSgBIrnak'bI†®bBnÏecalenA´f©18-10-77 . ‹ enA´f©TI4-8-77 GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'x¬ÁnCa-hUn ehAmit†va"j Caem

GgkarCanrNa ?

128

kan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmnin~akarExµr manmUldΩansiƒtenAP~MFibtI nSykeTAbJçËlKukTYlEs¬g . Duccat'kareFI√TaruNkmµGs'ry:eBl2Ex rYceTIbbJÇa[ eKsm¬ab'ecalenA´f©TI18-10-77 . ‹ cMENkhflU-yn' emExµr®khmnin~akarExµrd*l∫Il∫aj Vn®tUvGg- karcab'x¬Án tSgBIq~S1975em"¬H . mit†Ekv-masnigmit†y"a ®tUvGgkarecjb JÇa[cab'x¬ÁnenA´f©20-9-76 . mit†TSg3nak'enHk*®tUveKykeTAbJçËlKuk TYlEs¬g ehIyk*®tUveKsm¬ab'ecalEdr . ‹ ePaK-qay ®tUvGgkarcab'x¬ÁnbJçËlKukTYlEs¬genA´f©13-3-77 ®tUveKsm¬ab'ecalenA´f©6-7-77 . ❑

❑ ❑

dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'KN:rdΩmRnI† ´nrdΩaPiVlkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥ enA´f© 10-4-77, GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'hflU-nwm rdΩmÂnI†®ksYgeXas nakar´nrdΩaPiVlkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥ nSykeTAbJçËlKukTYlEs¬g . Duc cat'kareFI√TaruNkmµy"ageXareXA . k~¨gry:eeBl3Ex eKbg≈M[CnCab'eTa senHsresrsarPaBfaCaesGIuGa edaymancuHhtƒelxay"ag®twm®tUv . mu nnwgsm¬ab'enA´f©TI 6-7-77 eKftrUbTukCa‰ksarsin . cMENk‰®bBnÏ hflU-nwmvij eKcab'x¬ÁnenA´f©TI14-4-77 rYcsm¬ab'ecalenA´f©12-5-77 . CMnan'enaHExµrPaKe®cInsal'nigdwgfa hflU-nwmCashkarIrbs'exov-sMpn ni ghflU-yn' . enA´f©TI2-11-78 GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'x¬Án eBj-FYk ehAmit†vn-ev"t GnurdΩmÂnI†TI1TTYlbnʨkxagEp~kesdΩkicçnigåsßahkmµ´nrdΩaPiVlkmı¨ Ca®bCaFibety¥ . ®bBnÏvn-ev"t®tUveKcab'x¬ÁnenA´f©6-12-78 G~kTSgBIr ®tUveKbJçËlKukTYlEs¬g˘˘˘ Vt'x¬ÁnrhUt . k~¨geBlCamYyK~aenHGgkarecjbJÇa[cab'x¬Án®bFaneragc®k®Kb'®bePT bJçËlKukTYlEs¬g rYcsm¬ab'ecalGs' dUcmanCaåTahrNx _ ¬H@enA k~¨gtaragxage®kamenH –

GgkarCanrNa ? eQµaH

129 ®bFaneragc®k

´f©cUlKuk

´f©sm¬ab'

y"an-kn

emßAmI

21/11/78

31/12/78

em"A-Em"®t

d-2

30/11/78

31/12/78

cwb-eqg

d-1

30/12/78

31/12/78

xan'-tSg

d-9

30/11/78

31/12/78

Gwum-xn

k-10

30/11/78

31/12/78

sflun-esok

EdkeKald-4

30/11/78

31/12/78

sflun-edat

k†arbnÊH

02/12/78

31/12/78

hflun-Xn

cMhuy®sa

30/11/78

31/12/78

Ek-´p

ekAsflUkg'

06/12/78

31/12/78

Nub-Kg

e®bgknÊk'

06/12/78

31/12/78

eTB-saj

b"Hkg'Lan

07/12/78

31/12/78

Edk-b"ug

Twk

10/12/78

31/12/78

Gwum-sMGul

GKIsnI

15/12/78

31/12/78

ys'-esg

hIèbUsIum"g't_

20/12/78

31/12/78

®Vk'-emOg

EdkeKalg-5

21/12/78

31/12/78

Esm-Kg'

V¬sIÊkb-3

12/12/78

31/12/78

eBC-miuj

VrIb-4

21/12/78

31/12/78

vg'-QMu

Twk®kUcT-3

24/12/78

31/12/78

m"k'-qay

TwkedaHeKaq

24/12/78

31/12/78

yU-Tuy

Gd i Ω

24/12/78

31/12/78

say-Fim

Vv

24/12/78

31/12/78

GgkarecjbJÇa[cab'®bFaneragc®ksIum"g't,_ eragc®ktm∫aj nigGPi VlrfePI¬g ®bmUlbJçËlKukTYlEs¬gTSgGs' . Duccat'kareFI√TaruNkmµ bg≈M[sresrsarPaBTTYleTasfa ®kumx¬ÁnCaesGIuGaCag10q~SmkehIy. sresrTTYleTas cuHhtƒelxa®twm®tUv ftrUbTukCa‰ksar rYceTIbsm¬ab' ecalenA´f©TI31-12-78 . sUmbJÇak'fa ®bFaneragc®kTSgGs'enH KWCakmµaPiVlCan'xıs'TSg Gs'rbs'bkßExµr®khmnin~akarExµr . cMENknieyaCikeragc®kTSgGs' enaH GgkarecjbJÇa[bMEbkCaBIrBYk KW®bCaCnfIµnig®bCaCncas' .

GgkarCanrNa ?

130

- nieyaCikCa®bCaCnfIµ – GgkarecjbJÇaehACabn†bnÊab' PrfanSyk eTAeronsU®t . karBitGgkarnSykeTAsm¬ab'ecalTSgGs' ehIyEtgtSg ®bCaCncas'CMnYs . - nieyaCikCa®bCaCncas' – GgkarecjbJÇaehACabn†bnÊab' nSyk eTAdak'KukTYlEs¬gx¬H ehIymanmYyPaKfMbJÇa[sm¬ab'ecalP¬am enAk~¨g ExviciœkanigF~Ëq~S1978 . luHdl'´f©31-12-78 edIm∫IbJçb'ebskkmµrbs' x¬ÁnmYyvK GgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'G~keTasTYlEs¬gTSgGs' . dUec~H®bFannignieyaCikeragc®k®Kb'®bePTk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca TSg®bCa CnfIµTSg®bCaCncas' ®tUvGgkarecjbJÇa[sm¬ab'ecalGs'cMnYn6mWun1 Jn' (61,000) nak' . ehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCaKukTYlEs¬gmanlMnSerobcMy"aghµt'ct'®twm ®tUvem"¬H ? . emIlcuH ! G~keTasCab'KukTYlEs¬g ®tUvEtsresrsarPaBTTYleTas cuHhtƒelxa®twm®tUv ftrUbTukCa‰ksar EdlmanCae®cInmWunTMB&r munnwg ®tUveKsm¬ab'ecal . KukenH®tUveKbegI˚teLIgsMrab'eFI√TaruNkmµ nigsm¬ab'bMputBUCExµrG~k ecHdwg manbJÔv&n†®Kb'®bePT smaCikCan'xıs' nigkmµaPiVlExµr®khmni n~akarExµrCaedIm . dUec~HebIExµreyIgecHtamdan®Kb'@GB∏Ëtehtu ®Kb'åbkrN_ cab'tSgBI ´f©TI17-4-75t@mk eyIgGacyl'P¬amVnfa KW®kumExµrGay"gyYnCaG~k begI˚tKukTYlEs¬g . e®JHCaerogral'q~SenA´f©TI17emsa bYkvaEtgelIktMk l'temI˚gbuN¥GnusßavrIye_ nHCanicç . enA{kasebIkBiFIbuN¥m†g@ ehg-sMrin®bFan®kum®bwkßardΩ nigCaGK elxaFikarKNkmµaFikarmCŒwmbkß eLIgEf¬gsunÊrkfay"agEvg GYtGageP¬ cx¬Án TTYlsarPaBfa bkßrbs'x¬ÁnVnkMeTcExµrln'-nl' rhUtVnC&yCM nHelIkTI1enA´f©TI17-4-75 nigelIkTI2´f©TI7-1-79 EdlVnkMeTcExµr ®khm . enAcugq~S1978 GgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'mit† sU-Pwm rYc[dwkexµaceTAbg˙aj®Kb'@shkrNe_ nACit@enaH . ´f©kb'exµacsU-Pwm GgkarecjbJÇa[ca b'cgTSg®bBnÏ TSgkUnykeTAsm¬ab' rYckb'rYmp~ËrCamYy . nrNaCasU-Pwm ?

GgkarCanrNa ?

131

sU-PwmCaGnu®bFanrbs'exov-sMpn k~¨gCYrrdΩaPiVlkmı¨Ca®bCaFibety¥ ehIyenAeBlenaH sU-PwmCa´ds†Srbs'b"ul-Bt, CaXatkry"agsahav KWrUbenHehIyEdlnS®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgeTAtamB&TÏVj'Exµr Edlvil®tLb'mkBIeb"kSgnighaNUyenAq~S1973 enAk~¨gext†mNÎlKIrI . enAq~S1977-1978 kicçkareFI√TaruNkmµy"agsahaveXareXA nigkar sm¬ab'G~keTask~¨gKukTYlEs¬gPaKe®cIn KWsmaCiknigkmµaPiVlCan'xıs' rbs'bkßExµr®khmEdlmannin~akarExµreTAvij . mkdl'q~S1978 ExµrEdlesssl'enArs' k*k¬ayeTACae®KOgm"asIun rbs'Ggkar . eTaHCayYnhanUyTTYlC&yCMnHy"agFMeFgy"agenHk*eday k*vaenAEtlak'muxdEdl vaenAEte®bIyIehaExµr®khmbn†eTAeTot edIm∫Icat' karsm¬ab'kMcat'Exµr®khmnin~akarExµr[Gs'sin .

❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

132

CMBUkTI16 ‹ dMNak'karEdlGgkar®tUvbeJçj®kumXatkrTI5 ‹ ehtuem†c®kumExµr®khmnirtIminkan'GavuFCakSePI¬g ? ‹ dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'KNkmµkarkgnigQ¬bCa Gtitecar ‹ dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'ExµredayGavuFFmµCati ‹ dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'yuvCncl&t

dN M akk ' arEdlGgk  ar®tvU beJj ç Xatkr®km u T®I VM k~¨gExsIhaq~S1978 ®sab'EteXIj®kumExµr®khmnirtI bEnƒmmky"ag e®cIn®Kb'kg man®sI man®bus GayuBI20dl'45q~S . ®kumenHKµaneXIj kan'kSePI¬geT Etkan'Ex√v®Kb'@K~aCaGavuF . mkdl'mundMbUg BYkenHbg˙aj ÚkJsuPaBrabsarTn'P¬n' beNI†rK~aeTAbg˙ajx¬Ándl'KN:k kmµkarkg Edl CaGtItecar . Ef¬gbnÊabx¬Ánfa – « GgkarbJÇËn®kumx¬Án[mksMueronsU®tBI mit†bg@ edIm∫Idk®sg'karBiesaFn_ ykmkeKarBGnuvt†ksag®beTsCati» ®kumenHbg˙aj[eXIjdUcCamanlak'karbiun®bsb'Nas' e®JHebIeK®keL kxage®kAeTA mansPaBxage®kAdUcCamnusß´®B mnusßl©g' manPaKe®cIn minTSgsal'q~SgGflut m"asIunedr …sabflUpg . cMENk‰BYk®sI@ Gg¨y≤t sN†ab'F~ab' bbUrmat'exµA®BIkedayTMJrs¬aminQb' es†aHTwkmat'Jsval Jskal .

GgkarCanrNa ?

133

b"uEn†pʨyeTAvij k~¨gGg®bCMunimYy@ TSg®busTSg®sIbN†ak'K~ae®kak eLIgniyayBI®TwsI†es~haCati manvKmanX¬anigTMnak'TMnghak'dUcCaG~k ecHdwgy"age®CA®CHd*Gsçar¥ edaymkBIkarniyayKµanrGak'rGYl KµaneTIs KµanTal' . EtebIeKs†ab'yUr@eTA BYkenHsU®tdUcst√esktammças'vaniyay Pasarbs'vaenAEtdEdl@dUcCa – - G~kNahUb G~kenaHecjBlikmµ ! - TukmincMeNj dkecjminxat ! ®kumenHbbYlK~aecjeFI√BlikmµrYmCamYy®bCaCnfIµy"ags√ahab' ecAer" A rYsray rak'Tak' Tn'P¬n' niyaylYgelam elatelgsb∫ay esIckÌakkÌay niyayrMÆkesaks†ayfa – - BICMnan'sem†c“ eyIgsMbUrsb∫ay manesrIPaBeBjelj˘˘˘ edIrel grSErk e®cog emIlkunel≈an briePaKq©aj' . cMENk®bCaCnfIµkMBugTTYlTaruNkmµ

kMBugeFI√karTSgyb'TSg´f©

kN†aleP¬øg nig´f©ek†A hutEtbbrswgEtrkGMbilKµanpg edkJsvalJ s´®B ykemXCadMbUl P¬WE®sCaexI~y k¬ayeTACamnusßf¬g'K eTAehIy . mit†‰gniyaysIÌk*niyaycuH KµannrNaeqI¬ytbeT . m"¥agvijeTot ®bCaCnExµrVneXIjpÊal'EP~k Vns†ab'pÊal'®tecoknUvGa kb∫kiriya nUvsMdIEdlKµanTMnak'TMng . s†ab'@eTAKYr[cEm¬kNas' .

ehtu

y"agdUcem†ck*p¬as'b†ËrP¬am@y"agh~wg ? ebIGgkarGnamikenAEtCaGgkarGnamikdEdl˘˘˘ ®kumExµr®khmekItec jmkBIGtItExµrevotmij EdlGgkarcat'EtgtSgCa®bFanshkrN_ Ca KN:t tMbn' nigCatMNagraÂs† k*enAEtdEdl . « yI ! Ggkar G~k‰ge®bIåVyklcucrkmuxedIm∫I[dwgfa etIenAsl' Exµrb"unµannak'eTotEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ edIm∫Inwgsm¬ab'ecaleTetI ! » . eyIgExµrKYrnwkeLIgvijfa cab'tSgBIq~S1975dl'cugq~S1977 bkßExµr ®khmrbs'exov-sMpn eF√s®bEhscaj'eVkGgkar edayVnrYmsh®btibti†karCamYyExµr®khmEdlekItecjBIGtItExµrevotmij hk'keÂJÇal elatsm¬ab'®bCaCnExµrvk'vI

.

enAeBlenaHebImanG~kNam~ak'hflanrMÆk

eQµaHsem†csIhnu …mYyhflanrMlwkfa BIedImF¬ab'sMbUrsb∫ay manGI√@ briePaKsB√®Kb'y"agq©aj'Bisar G~kenaH‰g®tUvGgkarecjbJÇa[sm¬ab'eca-

GgkarCanrNa ?

134

' lP¬am . bnÊab'e®kaymkbni†c eTIbdwgc∫as'fa®kumExµr®khmnirtIenHecjBI®b PBExµrevotmij EdlCakgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰ _ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca EdlbegI˚teLIgedaysWg-g"ukmij e®kambJÇakarrbs'hU-CImij begI˚teLIg BI´f©19-6-51 ehIybg˚b'lakj'TukJseBj´®B´n®beTskmı¨Ca . dUec~H®kumExµr®khmnirtI mankarGb'rMbMJk'eKalCMhry"agqÌineqÌA EN nS[edIrtamExßbnÊat'y"ag®twm®tUv manKUsEpnkar®JgTuk[Cae®sc@ KW ´f©enH®kum®tUveFI√GI√ ehIy´f©e®kay®tUveFI√GI√eTot .l.

ehty u a" gdc U emc † VnCa®km u Exrµ ®khm nri tm I n i kank ' SePg ¬I CaGavF u ? Ggkarcg'bMP&n†mtiExµredayGnuvt†sMrbEpnkarEdlvaVn®JgTuk ecjbJÇa[dkGavuFBIQ¬bCaGtItecar . srubesckI†mk s®tUvsYrBUCrbs'eyIgecH´q~®bDitExµrCa®kum@ tamFun j¨Hjg'eTAtamcMNucexßayrbs'mnusßm~ak'@

rYceTIbbeJçjtam

kalevlay"ag®twm®tUv [hk'elatsm¬ab'bMputBUCExµrCadMNak'@ . ®Kb'@ Gg®bCMu ®kumExµr®khmnirtIniyay®cMEdl@fa kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFes~ha Catikmı¨Carbs'eyIgkMBugl∫Il∫ajmhaGsçar¥eBjBiPBelak e®JHeyaFaeyIgGacdeNI†mykC&yCMnHBIGaemrikSgCamhaGMNac . ≤LËvenHGgkarkMBugerobcMT&BEdlmaneyaFacMnYnbYnmWunnak' sµ&®Kcit†eTAvaykMeTcyY nedIm∫IrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam EdlVrSg®cLM®bKl'eTA[yYnBIq~S1949 enaH ykmkrYbrYmbJçËlCamYykmı¨CaeyIgvij

.

eyaFad*k¬ahanrbs'eyIg

ticBitEmn b"uEn†m~ak'@GackMeTcbUdUyBI5eTA10nak'Vny"aggay .l. ral'@l©aceKvayCYgehA®bCMu rYccab'sU®tX¬adEdl@cSrt'mat'fa – « etAvayyYnedIm∫IrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam@@@ » . b"uEn†bgbÌËnExµreGIy ! X¬aenHminEmnGgkareFI√edayggitggl'eT Gg-

GgkarCanrNa ?

135

karbJÇa[Exµr®khmnirtIniyayrevIrvayesIÊrqÁtlIlamYyGenI¬sin eday TukEpnkarrbs'vamYyeTotEdlkMBugEtdak'Tis[K~avamYy®kumeTotsm¬ab' bMVt'BUCExµr®khmnirtInin~akarExµrmYyEp~k@ Cabn†eTAeTot .

dN M akk ' arEdlGgk  ar®tvU sma¬ bK ' N: kmk µ arkgng i Qb ¬ CaGtt I ecar edImExtulaq~S1978 GgkarecjbJÇa[dkGavuFBIQ¬bedayeVkbeJœatfa ®beTseyIgVnsni†PaBehIy mit†eyIgminVc'kan'kSePI¬g®ceg"g ®cg"ag nS[®bCaCnP&yx¬aceLIy . enAyb'´f©TI20-10-78 em"ag®bEhl8yb' man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgecjmkkan'®Kb'@kg E®skehAcM@eQµaH emkgnigQ¬b [ecjmkCYb rYcvavaysm¬ab'ecalP¬amKµansYrGI√mYym"at'eT ! . åTahrNm _ Yyy"agCak' Es†gmandUcteTA – - ®bFanshkrNl _ k'e®Cov tMbn'1 ext†Vt'dMbg eQµaHmit†lI CatiyYn bn¬MyksJÇatiCaExµr

CaGtItsmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr

KWCaGtIt

Exµrevotmij . ®bFanshkrNe_ nHmanQ¬bBIrnak' KWmit†ekadi nigmit†er"t . - mit†ekadirs'enAEtk~¨g´®B xagt∫ËgPUmikg˙t tSgEtBIekµgmk mancrik Caecarpg CaExµr®khmpg . enAeBlEdlGgkardeNI†mVn®kugP~MeBjP¬am GgkarbJÇËnmit†ekadi mkkan'shkrNl _ k'e®Cov cat'EtgtSgCae®scCaQ¬bEb"kxageCIg ®Bm TSg®bKl'GP&y‰ksiTiÏ GacesI~nigsm¬ab'ExµredayesrI . dUec~HenAeBlenaH mit†ekadiCakeÂJÇagGt'X¬anEdlcUlcM®Tugman' . ekadik¬ayeTACaXatkrd*sahavGsçar¥m~ak' . ®bCaCnExµrNaEdllYcdUr rbs'epßg@edIm∫Irkm˙ËbGaharTb'karGt'X¬an ®tUvVnekadinSykeTAsm¬ab' ecalP¬am@edayKµansYreyabl'G~kNam~ak'eLIy . esckI†sMercrbs'va manEtJk¥mYym"at' – « TukmincMeNj dkecjk*minxat » .

GgkarCanrNa ?

136

edIm∫ICaKMrU ekadihflaneFI√Blikmµ[XatkrcUlcab'“Bukekµktaj" ykeTA sm¬ab' nigm†ayekµkrbs'x¬ÁnykeTAdak'Kuk®sIemm"ayenA´®BtaEbn . ® b C a C n e n A s h k r Nl _ k'e®CovTSgmUlVk's∫at x¬acekadiesIÊrVk' elag dUckUnesHeXIjx¬a˘˘˘. mit†ekadirs'enACamYy®KYsarmit†Jc k~¨gpÊHmYysiƒtenAkgelx3 PUmi ´®Bs√ayxaglic k~¨gshkrNl _ k'e®CovtMbn'1 . enAyb'´f©TI20-10-78 ®Bwti†karNm _ Yyk*ekItmaneLIgenApÊHmit†ekadi . em"ag8yb'

®sab'Etmanmnusß®kumcMnYn5nak'

kan'GavuF®Kb'´dedIrmk

Qb'enAmuxkSCeNI†rpÊH . mnusßm~ak'E®skehAmit†ekadi . ædUec~Hmit†ekadi ®bjab'®bjal'cuHmkTTYleP∆øvTSgjjwmjEjm . EtGnicçamit†ekadiNas'! cuHminTan'dl'dIpg

enAsl'BIrkSeTot

mnusßm~ak'maDmSeVH®kmaTak'

kmit†ekadi GUsTajTm¬ak'dIrYcTat'Fak'Kµan®bNIeday≤tehtu . mit†JcCa®bBnÏP&ys¬n'es¬a niyayeTAkan'XatkrbeNI†ryMbeNI†rfa mit†eGIy ! vaysm¬ab'®KYsarxM∆¨dUec~H®cLMxusehIy ®KYsarxM∆¨enHeQµaHekadi Na± ! Kat'CaQ¬bk~¨gshkrNl _ k'e®Cov ! Kat'CakUnbegI˚trbs'mit†ekIt . TSg“BukTSgkUn bMerIGgkareBj5q~S1ExehIy . Xatkrvaysm¬ab'ekadi beNI†r eqI¬ytbeTAmit†JcbeNI†ry"agkMbutkMbuyfa – ≤LËvenHdl'evnmit† ekadiehIy ! . vaysm¬ab'mit†ekadirYcehIy Xatkrk*kb'enAeCIgCeNI†rpÊH edayTuk bnßl'eCIgm≈agenAelIdI ehIyedIrecjeTA˘˘˘ k~¨gyb'EtmYy evlaem"agdEdl k~¨gkgEcP¬y siƒtenAxagt∫ËgshkrNl _ k'e®CovdEdl manmnusßmYy®kumcMnYn5nak'dUcK~a kan'GavuF®Kb'´d sMedAeTAkan'pÊHmit†er"t . mças'pÊHk*ecjmkCYb®kumenH . BYkXatkrvay ®bharmit†er"tP¬amedayKµanniyaymYym"at'eT . sm¬ab'rYcehIy Xatkrk* ykGnÊak'cgkexµac rYcGUsdUcexµacEq˚ykeTAkb'enAcMp¬ËvbMEbkCa4 Edlsiƒ tenAxaglicPUmiEcP¬y . m†genHvakb'exµacTuk®twmk∫al sMrab'bg˙aj®bCa Cn . tSgBIedImmk mit†er"tCaecard*sahaveXareXA manTIlMenAenAP~Mvaycab. enAeBlEdlGgkardeNI†mVn®kugP~MeBjP¬am GgkarbJÇËnmit†er"tmk kan'shkrNl _ k'e®Cov cat'EtgtSgCae®scCaQ¬bEb"kxagt∫Ëg ®BmTS g®bKl'GP&y‰ksiTiÏ

GacesI~nigsm¬ab'ExµredayesrI .

mit†er"tsMerckat'

GgkarCanrNa ?

137

eTas®bCaCnfIµmanPaBsahavCagmit†ekadieTAeTot . esckI†sMercrbs'va manEtmat'TeTfa – TukmincMeNj dkecjk*minxat ! kalBIenArs' mit†er"tVnbeJçjcm©l'rbs'x¬Án[eyIgdwgfa ExµreyIg Edlmças'´®Bd*FMeFgTSgenH minEdlVnsal'®Kb'®Cuge®CayeLIy . rI‰ BYkbUdUyvij m~ak'@manEpnTI®sukeyIg®Kb'´d EdlCaehtu[BYkvasal' ´®B®Bwkßa®sukExµrKµancen¬aH . BIq~S1963eTA1973 k~¨gry:eevla10q~SenH mit†er"trs'enACamYybUdUy ehIyCaBiesssMNak'enAelIP~M7Can'Gs'ry:eBl7q~S . mit†er"teXIjbU dUys¬ab'y"age®cInbN†almkBICm©W®Kuncaj' pwkTwke®CaHminsÌat edayKµa nGnam&y®Kb'®Kan'

nigs¬ab'edaysarcMVMgedIm∫ICYyExµr®khmvayT&B

ln'-nl' . luHdl'cugq~S1973 ®sab'EtVt'muxbUdUyGs'rlIg EbrCaecjeQµaH GgkarGnamikCaembJÇakareTAvij . dUec~Hcab'tSgBIeBlenaHmk Ggkar Gnamiksn¥aCaåLarwk®cMEdl@fa – « eBlNaGgkarVnTTYlC&yCMnHelIrbbln'-nl'ehIy Ggkarnw gp†l'suPmgl esrIPaB karsb∫ayrugerOgdl'mit†TSgGs' » . q~S1975 GgkardeNI†mVn «eCaKC&y» ehIy . EtsƒankarNk _ an' EttantwgeLIg@ TurPwkßGt'X¬ankan'Etx¬Sg CaBiesssÂgamkan'Etvay ®bharF©n'F©rCagmuneTAeTot . KYr[cEm¬kNas' GgkarEbrCabJÇa[eFI√Ta ruNkmµeTAelIraÂs†Exµry"aggitGnÏkareTAvij . enHCasMdIrbs'mit†er"tEdlVnEf¬g®Vb'eTAelak®KUeBT¥®TI enAeBl EdlKat'eTAB¥aVlCm©W[®KYsarrbs'mit†er"tm†g@ . minEtb"ueNˆaH mit†er"t EfmTSgTUnµan[®KUeBT¥®bug®by&t~x¬ÁneTotpg . åTahrNy _ "agCak'Es†gmYyeTotmandUcteTA – - enAshkrN´_ ®BtUc tMbn'4 ext†Vt'dMbg manQ¬b2nak'CaXatkr y"ageXareXAnigsahacGsçar¥ . m~ak'eQµaHmit†yin mit†m~ak'eToteQµaH hflak . mit†TSgBIrenHekItenAPUmikac'reTH ®suksEg˚ ext†Vt'dMbg “Bukm†a yrbs'mit†TSgBIrnak'enHCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . yinnighflakCaecarrs'enAEt k~¨g´®BrnamsiƒtenAxagekItPUmikac'reTH . vaEtgEtcUlmkb¬n'raÂs†ExµrenA PUmikac'reTHCaerOy@ CamYynigBYkecarK~avacMnYnBI10eTA15nak'kSePI¬g®Kb' ´d . vab¬n'eKareTH ®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†erobdak'reTHehIyvadutpÊHG~k®suk ecal

GgkarCanrNa ?

138

CaTIbJçb'vak*Vj'sm¬ab'mças'pÊHecalKµan®ta®bNIeT . CYnkal va®bmUl mças'pÊHVnmYycMnYn ehIyvak*eVH®Kab'Ebk´deTAelI®kummnusßGP&B√TSg enaHEtm†g . enAeBlEdlGgkardeNI†mVn®kugP~MeBjP¬am Ggkarcat'EtgtSgmit† yinnigmit†hflakCae®sc CaQ¬brYcbJÇËnmkkan'shkrN´_ ®BtUc tMbn'4 ext†Vt'dMbg ®BmTSg®bKl'GP&y‰ksiTiÏ

[«esI~r»nigsm¬ab'raÂs†Exµr

edayesrItamsal®kmEtJk¥mYyX¬adEdl – «TukmincMeNj dkecj k*minxat » . mit†TSgBIrnak'enHmantSgTIlMenAenAPUmikac'reTHvij . edayVnTTYl GP&y‰ksiTiÏBIGgkarelId*mhima

XatkrTSgBIrnak'enHk*tSgsMEdgÚTiÏ

y"agsahavcab'cg®bCaCnExµr CaBiessePT®bus@ nSykeTAsm¬ab'eca lCahUrEh . sUm∫IEtbgbÌËnbegI˚t bgbÌËnCIdUnmYy kµÁy@begI˚trbs'va k* vasm¬ab'≤tjejIt´deT . edaysarGMeBIyg'X~grbs'emXatkrTSgBIrna k'enH PUmikac'reTHTSgmUlk*ekItclaclCax¬Sg ®bCaCnfIµePT®bus@k*nS K~apßge®Bgrt'ecalPUmi ®Jt'®Vs'niras®KYsarswgGs'rlIg . G~kPUmikac' reTHEdlenArs'dl'sB√´f©mkBIVneKcx¬ÁnrYceTAPUmiq©ay@ ehIydUreQµaH epßgeTAvij . enAyb'´f©TI20-10-78 man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgy"age®cInelIsl b' ecjBI´®Brnamkan'GavuF®Kb'´d sMedAmkshkrN´_ ®BtUc edIm∫Ism¬ab' KNkmµkarkgnigQ¬bCaGtItecar EdlKµaneBlnwgerIx¬ÁnrMedaHrYcVneLIy . ®kumXatkrTSgenHmineP¬cmit†hflaknigmit†yineT, BYkvacUlPUmikac'reTH cab'mit†hflaksm¬ab'ecalP¬ammYyrMeBc

.

®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgmYy

eTotcab'mit†yincg rYcvHfıal'TSgsgxag kat'®mam´d®mameCIg nSykeTA XMuTukk~¨g®BHviharkac'reTH bgÌt'VyTwk ruyBgdak'dMe◊ ehIyk¬ayeTACa dg˚Ëvruk j¨Sg[mit†yinQWcab'E®skeraTimunnwgs¬ab'y"agevTna nigKYr[c Em¬kNas' ! . c M E N k ‰ ® b C a C n f I µ k ~ ¨ g s h k r NT _ SgBIrenaH luHVneXIjpÊal'EP~k nUvTaruNkmµnigXatkmµy"agcEm¬kdUec~H ehIynSK~arkEtBueTÏab"ueNˆaH

ehI

yxSmat'sm©Mes©ømxMsMrukeFI√karb†ËrCIvit . ®Kb'@K~aKµanGarmµNf _ anwg®tUvGr …®tUvP&yGI√enaHeT e®JHmindwgfa GgkarbeJçjEpnkarGI√teTAmuxeToty"a gdUcem†c . cMENk‰mit†lI GtItExµrevotmijehIyCabcç¨b∫n~®bFansh-

GgkarCanrNa ?

139

krNl _ k'e®Cov eFI√®BegIyKµanbeJçjskmµPaBP∆ak'epIÌl…®btikmµGI√esaH eLIy . rI‰bkßExµr®khmnirtI vaecjeFI√BlikmµrYmeFI√®BegIy . Ggkarcat' karsm¬ab'rebobenHGs'mYyry:y y"agxI¬ . lTÏplKW®kumGtItecarEdlGg kar´q~®bDitCaExµr®khmenaH ®tUvs¬ab'swgputBUCGs'BI®beTsExµr . rYcehI ymit†lI®bFanshkrNb _ cç¨b∫n~ k*cab'e®CIserIsKNkmµkarkgfIµk~¨gcMeNam®bCaCnfIµ edIm∫Icat'kareKobsg˚t'®bCaCn[GUsng&l GUsrnas' d ksÊËg®cUtkat' kMu[rGak'rGYlkargar . k~¨gExviciœka1978 man®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgecjmksm¬ab'KN:k kmµkar kgEdleTIbnwge®CIserIsenaHGs'mYyelIkeTot . k∫ÁnLank*dwknSCen¬øs®bCaCnecjBIsmrPUmi «´q~®bDit» enHeTAman cm©ayy"agtic20K˘m˘ edIm∫ITuk{kas[bUdUyerobcMGnÊak'y"aghµt'ct'ni g®twm®tUv manp¬ËvecjcUl rYcGacbiTmkvijtamcit†cg'˘˘˘. cugq~S1978 eyaFaExµr®khmbeNI†rK~aedIrcUlcMkN†alGnÊak'Exße®to mrbs'bUdUyCahUrEhr . GgkarelIVn{kasehIy k*bJÇa[bUdUyVj' c®muHTSg10Tise®sacmkelIeyaFaExµr®khm . enACMuvijExße®tommanrf e®kaHB&TÏCMuCit . enABIelIk∫al kV"l'ehaHcSTm¬ak'®Kab'EbknigVj'rHdUc rnÊHmkBIxagelI . ®keLkemIlmkeyaFaExµr®khmvij m~ak'@sıaykSePI¬g mYykUnedIm CamYyExß®Kab'mYykUnCYr edIredayeCIgTeT . etIBYkenHman km¬Sg‰NanwgTb'Tl'CamYyBYkbUdUy Edlmankm¬SgsJ√vuFdUcEdlVn erobrab'mkBIxagelIenH ? . eg"a-van'DwkbJÇak'fa kaleNaHx¬ÁnvaenHCabUdUym~ak' k~¨gcMeNambUdUy‰eTotEdlVnVj'rHeTAelIeyaFaExµr®khm enAsmrPUmimILay . eBlenaHeyaFaExµr®khm®tUvs¬ab'KreCIgelIK~a . enA´f©TI5-1-79 ®kumDwk®tUvGgkarelIbJÇËneTAkan'®beTskmı¨Cavij . ®kumDwkedIrcUlmk®beTskmı¨Ca vagtam®beTslav-®beTsesom tamp¬Ëv sm©at'k~¨grUgP~MdgErk rYckat'tam®suksirIesaP&N (…sIusupun) ext†Vt'dM bg edIm∫IcUlmk®sukExµr . edayFuj®Tan'nwgvin&yy"agtwgrwugrbs'GgkarelI EdlecjbJÇay"agbg≈M[eronGkßrExµredIm∫Ibn¬MeFI√CaExµr, sIuVyval'canEck[EtCamYypIÊr… ®tkYnes©ar bg'EtGMbily"agenH˘˘˘ Dwkk*sMerccit†rt'eKcx¬ÁncUlkan'CMrM N.W.9 ´n®beTs´f mkcgG®gwgedkEk∫rG®gwgyayeTog ( kkn: kaleNaHyayeTog®Vb'kakVT®khmGn†rCatifaKat'CaCatiyYn . CMrM NW-9 CaCMrMsMrab'

GgkarCanrNa ?

140

dak'CnePosx¬ÁnCatiyYneT) . yuvCn bfluy-KwmL¨g CatiyYnekItenATI®kugta Ekv

Gayu14q~S

niyay®Vb'yayeTogfa

vaVneXIjpÊal'EP~krbs'va

enAcugExF~Ë1978 eyaFaExµr®khmbeNI†rK~acUleTAQ¬anJnPUmimILay edIrcUlcMkN†alGnÊak'Exße®tomrbs'bUdUy . eyaFaTSg7,000nak'enaH ®tUvbUdUysm¬ab'ecalGs' . eQµaHkut CaeyaFaExµr®khm Gayu®bEhl 25q~S Edlsµ&®Kcit†eTAvayyYnrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam Vn®Vb'yayeTog fa – enAcugq~S1978 GgkarbJÇËneyaFa®kumx¬ÁneTAvayyYn . eyaFacMnYn rab'Jn'nak'edIrsMedAeTAsmrPUmiedayeCIg . tSgBI®Blb'rhUtTl'P¬W eTIb VneTAdl'E®BkmYyy"agFM EdlmanTwkeCarCn'hUry"agx¬Sg . kMBugEtrk meF¥aVyq¬gE®Bk ®sab'Et®Kab'kSePI¬grbs'bUdUylan'ædUcrnÊHecjmkBI ®Kb'TisTI e®saceTAelIeyaFarbs'kut rk®ckecjBMurYcnwgeTAmuxk*BMuekIt nwgfye®kayk*BMuVn e®JH®tUvbUdUyxÊb'p¬Ëv®Kb'®ckl˙k . enAelIGakas kV"l'ehaHcab'Tm¬ak'®Kab'Ebk . kut®tUv®Kab'kSePI¬gcMeP¬A rh&sdUceP¬kbenÊar ®KEvgkSePI¬gnigExß®Kab'ecaleTAdI kutk*elatcuHTwk®bUgbEN†tx¬Án tamsMNagk~¨gTwk . ´cdn¥kutbEN†tx¬ÁneTAb"HcMelITUkmYyEdlG~kensaTkMBugEtensaT®tI eKk*elIkkutdak'elITUk . kutecHniyayPasayYn y"agc∫as' ecHEhlTwky"agsÊat'CMnaj e®JHkutF¬ab'eFI√KUlIcab'®tI[yYn enAE®BkTal'kalBIedIm . kutPrevotkugfax¬ÁnCaCnCatiyYn edIm∫I[eKdwk x¬ÁneTAkan'mnIÊreBT¥´®BnKr . eBT¥yYnkat'eCIgs†SEdlrbYsenaHecaleTA edaymkBIdMe◊varelHrlYyB¥aVlElgekIteTAehIy . enATIbJçb' kut niyay®Vb'yayeTogeday®KvIk∫alfa xM∆¨mindwgCaeyaFaEdlrge®KaHenA k~¨g®kumCamYyx¬ÁnenaHmancMnYnBit®Vkdb"unµaneLIy . b"uEn†tSgBI´f©enaHmk Tl'nwg´f©EdlkutVnCYbnwgyayeTog bursenHminVnCYb…eXIjmit†rYm GavuFrbs'x¬ÁnNam~ak'eT . cuHenAGgkarsh®bCaCativij˘˘˘ manGI√Eb¬k ? G~ktMNagyYnenAGgkarsh®bCaCatieqI¬y®Vb'sklelakfa – « T&B rbs'x¬ÁneFI√karVnlÌNas' k~¨gnaTIrbs'x¬ÁnCaG~kTb'Tl' b"uEn†enAcMmuxs ®tUvd*cecss√its√aj T&Brbs'evotNamKµanmeF¥aVyNae®kABICan'QI¬ km¬SgQ¬anJnnigkMeTcmUldΩanT&Brbs's®tUveLIy » . ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

141

k~¨gry:eeBl44Ex KWcab'tSgBI´f©17-4-75 rhUtmkTl'nwgbMNac'q~S 1978 GgkarGnamikcat'karsm¬ab'®bCaCnExµrenAelITwkdIExµrCadMNak'@ y"agsÌatCaTIbMput . enAExkk˚daq~S1979 bUdUy®bmUlex~aHBI®Kb'TisTIenAk~¨g®sukExµrmk kan'ext†Vt'dMbg . KWCaex~aHEdlGgkardwkcUlmktSgBIq~S1978 sMrab'eFI√ TaruNkmµelI®bCaCnExµr . ex~aHTSgenaHmancMnYn5Lankam"∆¨g Edl®tUvBYk bUdUytSgdMkl'Tukbg˙ajsaFarNCn ®BmCamYykareXasnafa – « ebI sinCayYncUlmkCYy®sukExµrminTan'eT raÂs†ExµrmuxEts¬ab'k~¨gex~aHTSg enHCaminxan » . m"¥ageTotGgkarmanKMeragkarsm¬ab'Exµredaydak'f~SbMBulk~¨gTwksm¬ nMbJç¨k . EtKMeragkarenH®tUvVnpÌaksin edayvaykkarNV _ nfa elak sWn-sanbMrugbegI˚tsmaKmmYyeQµaH « smaKmExµrenAbreTs » eday mankaråbtƒm∏BIraCrdΩaPiVl´fnigGg'eK¬s ehIybnÊab'mkeTotbMrugbegI˚t « rNsirßCatirMedaH®bCaBlrdΩExµr (rCrbx) » . dUec~HGgkar®tUvp¬as'b†ËrEpnkarP¬am . enA‰®sukE®s‰eNaH bkßExµr ®khmnirtICaGtItExµrevotmij®kumTI2 e®kakeLIge®Jg®Jt edaye®bIyIehaExµr®khmdEdl va®bkasEtgtSg®kumrbs'vaCatMNagGgkardEdl EtÚkJrlak'Butd*s¬ËtbUtrbs'va®tUvdUreTACakacsahavtamkMeNItvij . vacab'epI†mcab'cgraÂs†TSgekµgTSgcas'ykeTAsm¬ab'ecal TSg®kum@ eda ye®bIEtdavnigEx√vCaGavuF . karsm¬ab'mnusßrbs'®kumecarenH KWkat'kTm¬a k'k∫alBIelIsµa . enAeBlenaH ®Kb'@K~arnÏt'cit† s¬¨tsµartICa´®kElg eda ysarGMeBIsahavyg'X~grbs'BYk®kumExµr®khmnirtIenH . ®bus@Edl enAsl'BIs¬ab'k*pßge®Bgrt'cUl´®B dgx¬ÁnTeT KµanGI√eTAtamx¬ÁnesaHeLI y . cMENk‰®sI@vij Gg¨yrg'cSeBls¬ab'TSgP&yrnÏt'jab'j&r . cuHenAeBlenaH GtItsmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµrEdlCaGtItExµr evotmij®kumTI1Edlman – taEb"t, taekA, mit†lI, mit†´l, mit†erOn ehIyEd lsuTÏCa®bFanshkrN_ CaKN:tMbn' nigCatMNagraÂs†˘˘˘ etIGgkarda k'TiseTANaGs'ehIy ? s©at'Qwg ! Vt'Gs'dUceKsnµt' !?!? .

GgkarCanrNa ?

142

dN M akk ' arEdlGgk  ar®tvU sma¬ b®' bCaCnExrµ edayGavF u FmC µ atm i g † eTot k~¨gExmkra1979 bkßExµr®khmnirtIkan'GMNacVnTSg®sug . vabg≈M Exµr[®cUtkat' eVkEbn bJÇan'TSgyb'TSg´f© ®bmUl®sUv®ckVv rYcdwkeTA kan'TIGaf·kMVMgGs'rlIg . rYcehIyvadutcMebIgecalP¬am . luHvadwk®sUv nigdutcMebIgrYcral'e®scVc'ehIy eTIbvacab'ekor®bCaCnfIµCae®cInEsnna k'[edIrtamva . ®bCaCnTSgenaH®tUvvaekormkBItMbn'shkrNn _ anadUcCa – shkrN´_ ®BtUc, kMBg'®BH, rSgeksI, GUr®seLA, GUrdMbg, Gacme_ sH, lk' e®Cov, P~MFibtI .l. vaekoreTAsMNak'enA – - PUmiEchUy

cMnYn12yb'

- P~MeCIgeTj

cMnYn15´f©

- bwgCImk'

cMnYn10´f©

- PUmiQ¬av

cMnYn10´f©

- ®tLb'mkPUmiEchUy

cMnYn6´f©

- PUmicamlÌa

cMnYn9´f©

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cMnYn3´f©

rYcehIyvaekor®tLb'fye®kayvij edIrTSgyb'TSg´f© tat'tamPUmicamlÌanigEchUy ehIyvaekormksMNak'enAPUmiE®sGUrGs'cMnYn7´f© . sUm bJÇak'fa PUmiTSgGs'enH siƒtenAxaglicp¬ËvCatielx5 . enA´f©5-4-79 eBl´f©®tg' vaekor®bCaCnmkdl'p¬ËvCatielx5 sMedAeTAPUmikekaH PUmiGUr taemov rYcvaekorbn†eTAkan'XMuTYl®BMu, XMu´®C nigmat'´®Brnam EdlsiƒtenA cm©ayCae®cInKILËEm"®txagekItp¬ËvCatielx5 . vaekoreTAekormktambeN†a y´®BrnamGs'ry:eBl10´f©eTot . rYcehIy®sab'Etvaekor®tLb'mkp¬Ëv Catielx5vij . lTÏplKWenAeBlenaH mnusßcas'Cra G~kmanCm©WF©n' nig kUnekµgGayue®kam3q~S ®tUvs¬ab'Cabn†bnÊab'K~a . sUmbgbÌËnExµremt†aBicarNaemIlfa etIk~¨gry:eBl3Ex EdlBYkvaeKob®bCaCn m†g[eTAmux m†g [fye®kayenaH etIG~krge®KaHVnGI√briePaK ?

etIVnePI¬g‰NamkdutkM-

GgkarCanrNa ?

143

edAx¬ÁnedIm∫ITb'Tl'nwgFatuGakasrgarj&rjak'enAeBlyb' ? {eTvtaeGIy ehtuGI√k*eyIgevTnaem"¬H ? enAeBlenaHG~kNaEdlrkVn®sUvbni†cbn†Ác k*CIkdIeFI√t∫al'edIm∫Ibuk ®sUvykGg˚r edayp¬M¨Gg˚ambegI˙recjBIrnÏdI rYcerIsykGg˚rmYycib@enaH mkdSbbrsab ≤tGMbil EckK~abriePaK . eBleP¬øgF¬ak'mkm†g@ nSK~aGg¨y®teVmk∫alCgg'kMe®Vn@kN†al val kN†al´®B halx¥l' . luHdl'eP¬øgF¬ak'rYcehIy eTIbnSK~aedIrrk Gusdut edIm∫IeqIÌrexaGav[®sJb's©Át edIm∫IedIrtam[eKekorteTAeTot . ≤ LËvkMENnmnusßVnmkdl'®sukemagÚsßI Ek∫rp¬ËvCatielx5m†geTot . ®bCaCnx¬H@EdlKµanreTHeKaCaCMnYykm¬Sg ehIyEdlxMErksMbuksm∫ti† bni†cbn†ÁcelIsµa k*dYledkenAelIdIy"agex¬acpßa . G~kEdlenAQrVn k* ®tUveKekorbn†eTAeTotCahUrEhr . luHedIrfye®kaymkdl'ÚsßI®kSgnig PUmi´®Bx¬Ët eTIb®Kb'@K~aP∆ak'dwgfa – { ! GgkarnSeyIgmk[s¬ab'edayGavuFFmµCatieTetI ! ehtuGI√ ? e®JH PUmienHCarehasƒan Kµan®sUv KµanTwkTal'EtesaH ! ®bCaCnx¬H®tUvs¬ab'eda yexßaHCatiTwkGs'BIx¬Án rkTwkminVn . manG~kx¬H®bfuypwkTwkenam G~k x¬HeTot®tgTwkenameKaykmkpwk ! KWevTnaGsçar¥Nas' .l. cuHGs'mit† @bkßExµr®khmnirtI GtItExµrevotmij®kumTI2 EdlCaG~kdwknSvij enAeBl Edl®bCaCnkMBugEtclaclrkBueTÏay"agenH etIeKeFI√GI√ ? ‹ Vt'®semal ! eKmindwgfaenAeBlNaeTEdlBYkvaeKcx¬ÁneVHbg' BYk®bCaCnTSgenaH k*nSK~abkvil®tLb'mkkan'p¬ËvCatielx5enAvt†s√ay vij . ‹ nw k@e TA KY r [Ga sU r dl' ® bCa CnE xµ r Ca ´ ® kE lg kM Bu gEtrgTu k≈ ev Tna edIrtamkMENnJsvalJskal eBj´®By"agdUec~H˘˘˘ G~kx¬H®tUvCYbbg CYbbÌËn mamIgeday´cdn¥ k*elat{bK~ay"ags©Át mindwgfa®tUvesIc…®tUv yM . eBlCYbK~aenHk*r"ayr"ab'®Vb'bgbÌËnfa ®kumx¬ÁnCae®cInmWunnak'®tUvGgkarCen¬øsecjBIext†nana manext†kMBg'esam kMBg'sıW mNÎlKIrI rtnKIrI CaedIm tSgBIExviciœka1978 ®Vb'fa[mkkan'ext†Vt'dMbg . enAtamp¬Ëvrab' Ex G~kedIr®tUvs¬ab'edaykarGt'Vy Gt'Twk edaysarCm©W®Kuncaj'. ®KYsar x¬H®tUvs¬ab'putBUC ®KYsarx¬HenAsl'EtbI† ®KYsarx¬HenAsl'Et®bBnÏ …kUn. manbursx¬H®sab'EtVnCYbGtIt®bBnÏrbs'x¬Án Et! GgkarVn «pßMpM¨» ®b

GgkarCanrNa ?

144

BnÏrbs'x¬Án[eTAbursm~ak'eTotrYceTAehIy . ‰ÂsI†x¬HeTot k*GgkarVn cab'bI†CaTI®sLaj'rbs'x¬Án erobkareTAnarIepßgeToteTAvijehIy . etITuk≈ esak´nCnTSgenaHmanTMhMb"unNa ? lTÏpl˘˘˘G~kx¬Hk*eFI√XateTA ! e T a H C a V n C Y b K ~ a y " a g Na k * e d a y G g  k a r e n a E t b n † k M E Nn m n u s ß [ e T A tamkgerog@x¬ÁnteTAeTot .

❑

❑ ❑

dMNak'karEdl®tUvsm¬ab'yuvCncl&t

yayeTog®tUveKekorenAk~¨gkgmYyCamYyG~k‰eTot . Kat'edIrtameK tam‰g Gs'bgbÌËn kUnecA…kµÁy rlIgBIx¬ÁnehIy˘˘˘. enAem"ag1resol´n´f©13-2-79 Kat'®keLkeXIjdMbUkFMmYy Edl emIlBIcm©ayeTAmanm¬b'®t´Q KYrVnCaTIkEn¬gmYysMrab'eFI√TIsMrak®CkkM edA´f©d*ek†A . Kat'k*edIrsMedAeTA«rmNIydΩan»enaH edIm∫IsMrakykkm¬Sg munnwgbn†dMeNIreTAmuxeTot . eTAdl'dMbUk ! BueTÏa ! exµacyuvCnmYyKMnrs¬ab'KreCIgelIK~a manTSgdM bgmYyKMnrFM®bLak'QamenA®ss'@enAeLIy˘˘˘. Kat'P&yrnÏt'≤tåbma edayeXIjexµac CaBiessedayeXIjdMbgEdlCaGavuFrbs'xµSgsMrab'va ykJçg'ksm¬ab'exµacTSgenaH . kMBugEts¬n'es¬aEbbenH sem¬gekµg®sIm~ak'k*bnW¬eLIgenAe®kayx~gKa t' – « m"ak'@ » . narIk*sʨHmk{bm†ayedaykI†nwkrÆk . KWyW®TIra"da kUn®sI TI2rbs'yayeTogEdlGgkarbMEbkecjBIKat'eTA tSgBIExåsPa1975 em"¬H . ra"dak*beNI†rm†aycuHBIsƒannrkenH ehIyåTaneLIgfa – m"ak'eGIy! exµacTSgenHKWCaexµacBYkcl&tEdlGgkar®bmUl mkvaysm¬ab'enAyb' mijenH‰g . yayeTogKitfa – k~¨gry:eBlbIExEdlGgkareFI√TaruNkmµ eday ekor®bCaCn[edIreTAmux rYcfye®kay rYceTAmuxEbbenH, ®kumXatkrGaf·

GgkarCanrNa ?

145

kMVMgmYy®kum k*kMBugEtsm¬ab'yuvCncl&tEdr . ( enAeBlenaH yayeTo gVt'kUnkem¬aHTI4rbs'Kat'eQµaH yW®TIPUma"ra" . kµÁykem¬aHbegI˚trbs'Kat' ®tUvvavaysm¬ab'ecal ) . EtenAk~¨geBld*EsnevTnaEbbenH ®Kb'@K~axM®t dreyagGatµaeTAmux KµanVnæ KµanVndwg ´pßrbs'Ggkarcit†eXareXA

GMBIkll∫icd*efakTabnig´®B

Edlcat'karsm¬ab'yuvCncl&tCacuge®kay

enaHeLIy . ra"dak*kat'GarmµNr_ bs'm†ayedayniyaybn†fa – cMENkxM∆¨˘˘˘ xM∆¨rt'ecjmkBIGgPaBenAyb'mijenH VnCYbmIgPWnenH˘˘˘ rYcnagk*cg̨lmk®sI m~ak'Gayu®bEhl37q~S EdlQrenAEk∫renaH . mIgPWn®Vb'xM∆¨faEm"edIrmk kan'TIenH ehtuenHehIyVnCaxM∆¨mkeXIjm"ak'˘˘˘. Em" nigkUn®BmTSgPWn k* beNI†rK~aeTAtamkMENnteTAeTot . enA´f©TI18-3-79 enAeBlEdleKekorBYkeyIgmkdl'k∫alsay yayeTogVneXIjkUn®busTI5 EdlGgkarbMEbkecjtSgEtBIExåsPa 1975Edr . enAeBlEdlVneXIjK~a TSgBIrnak'Em"kUn KSgmat'rkniyay minecj Vn®twmEtsm¬wgmuxK~a rYcehIykUn®busnigm†ay k*®tUv®Jt'K~at eTAeTottamkMENnrbs'®kumerog@x¬Án . ena´f©TI16-4-79 em"ag®bEhlmYyresol ®sab'EtæsUrkSePI¬gFM Vj'p†k'CMuTis mindwgCanrNaVj'nrNa ehIymaneKaledAeFI√GI√eT . luH man®Bwti†karNc _ Em¬ky"agenH ®bCaCnx¬HEdlsMNak'enAk~¨gvt†s√ay ®su kemagÚsßI ext†Vt'dMbg edayFuj®Tan'Elgcg'rs'teTotehIy k*E®sk eLIgfa – - mit†eGIy Vj'eTA ! Vj'eTA ! kMusMrak ! Vj'eToeTA ! xM∆¨evTnaNas' Vj'eToteTA ! ebIs¬ab'k*s¬ab'[ehIyeTA˘˘˘ kMu[xM∆¨rs'y"agenHeTot ! . s~ËrkSePI¬gt∫al'lan'æbn†eTAeTot m†gjab'renIƒn m†gregI√l m†gsƒat' Qwg rYcehIyk*E®sk®KhwmteTAeTot Gs'ry:eBl2´f©2yb' edaymin dwgCamanehtuGI√ . enAeBlenaH bkßExµr®khmnirtIEdlCaGtItExµrevotmij®kumTI2 ehIy EdlCatMNagGgkarGnamikcuge®kaybgÌs' Vnrt'eKcmuxVt'Gs'rlIg eTAehIy . ❑

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GgkarCanrNa ?

146

CMBUkTI17 ‹ ®bCaCnExµrVnrYcx¬n Á BIkN†ab'´dGgkar ‹ vt†man´nbUdy U 17nak' ‹ ehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCahU-CImijbegI˚tbkßkumµ¨ynis† ≤NÎc Ë n i ? ®bCaCnExµrVnrYcx¬ÁnBIkN†ab'´dGgkar enAl©ac´f©TI18-4-79 evlaem"ag5resol ®sab'EteXIjmnusßm~ak' maDmS muxFamx¬a es¬økJk'exµA ®kmav&NÎk Gayu®bEhl35q~S payelIx~g esHy"agelOn E®sk®bkasrammI®kU®Vb'®bCaCnfa – - sÂgamcb'ehIy˘˘˘ eyIgrYcx¬ÁnehIy eyIgGaccUlTI®kugVt'dMbgV n !˘˘˘ b"uEn† ! mnusßd*cEm¬kenH hammin[edIrtamp¬ËvCatielx5eT . vabJÇa [edIrevogeTAkan'PUmiGn¬g'kUb . eyIg®tUvcMNayeBlGs'mYyyb'nigkn¬H ´f© KWenA´f©TI19-4-79 eBl´f©®tg' eTIbeyIgedIreTAdl' . eTAdl'®sukGn¬g'kUb eXIjmnusß4nak' es¬økJk'exµA ®kmav&Nˆk dUc EtExµr®khmdEdl QrecjbJÇay"agdac'Nat' [cuHq¬gsÊwgEttamkEn¬g mYy Edlman®bEvgp¬ËvTTwg®bEhlCa5Em"®tb"ueNˆaH . ®bCaCnrab'mWunnak' ®tUvQrcSevnedIm∫Iq¬g enAe®kamkMedA´f©´nExemsa EdlCaExek†AhYtEhg x¬SgbMputenA®sukExµr˘˘˘. rYcehIy®tUvq¬gsÊwg BIe®tIyxagekIteTAe®tIyxaglic edIm∫IsMedAeTATI ®bCMuCn®sukemagÚsßI edayedIrtamp¬Ëvf~l'®sbbeN†aymat'sÊwg . ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

147

vt†manrbs'bUdUy17nak' enAeBlEdleyIgcuHeTAdl'kN†alsÊwg ExµrTSgGs'P∆ak'e®BIt eday eXIjLan GMC mYye®KOgEdlCab'pugenAkN†alsÊwg . enAEk∫renaH eK eXIjkUnyYnhaNUycMnYn17nak' manGayuminelIsBI20q~S manGavuFmin ®Kb'K~aeT . ekµg@yYnTSgenHE®skeckcacdUcst√s√a sYrrkG~kecHpasa yYn sMuCYyGMJvnavrkmnusßCYyrujLansMedAeTAe®tIyxagekIt . cMENk®bCaCnExµrEdlVneXIjbUdUyTSg17nak' k*QremIlP¬wk m~a k'@maneyabl'xusK~a – ‹ ®kumTI1 – CamnusßEdlminVn®twHriHBicarNa[Vnditdl' k*jjw me®tkGr manmenaseJçtnasresIrekatE®kgbUdUyd*k¬ahan Edlsµ&®Kci t†mkCYyExµr [cakputBIcg˚Ëmmcç¨raCKWGgkar . ‹ ®kumTI2 – CamnusßEdlVk's∫at k*P&ys¬n'es¬ax¬acE®kgGgkad*m hima manbg˚b'Gaf·kMVMgGI√eTot edIm∫Ism¬ab'®bCaCn ehIyekorBYkx¬Án[®t Lb'fye®kayeTot . ‹ ®kumTI3 – ekHK~aQrsm¬wgkUnyYnhaNUyTSg17nak' Edkhflanmk CYyrMedaHExµrenaH nwkk~¨gcit†erog@x¬Ánfa cuHhtuem†cVnCaGgkarminecjmk eFI√Gn†raKmne_ djkMcat'kUnyYn EdlCabreTsenH[ecjBI®sukExµreTA ? etI GgkarGgkarrvl'eFI√GI√enAeBlenH ? k~¨gcMeNammnusß®kumTI3enH man®sIemm"aycMnYn14nak' bbYlK~asm¬w gkUnyYnhaNUyy"agykcit†Tukdak' . mYy®sbk'eTIbnSK~aq¬gsÊwgeTAka n'e®tIyxaglic rYcehIyeTIbbbYlK~aQb'sMrak . ®sI@x¬HGg¨y{bk∫al Cgg' x¬HTe®mtx¬Ányk´d®Tk∫al x¬HedkpÊal'dIekIy´d nSK~aGs'sgÙwm e®JHeTIbnwgVnecjputBIkN†ab'´dGgkar ®sab'Et≤LËvmkcUlsflgcMkN†ab'´dyYnhaNUyeTot. em"ag®bEhlbYnresol ®sI@TSgenaHk*bbYl K~abMrugnwgeFI√dMeNIreTAmuxeTot . yayeTogEdlmanGayuCag50enAeBl enaH Kat'manGayue®cInCageKenAk~¨gcMeNamk*®KvIk∫al ®BmTSgeqI¬yfa cS Kat'KitemIlsin . Kat'Kitfa – cMeJHekµg@yYnTSg17nak' EdlmanGavuF min®Kb'K~apgenH ehIyvahflanmk«GugGat'» enA®sukExµrkN†al´®Bdac'®s

GgkarCanrNa ?

148

y"aledayesrI dUcCamimsmTMngTal'EtesaH . enHKWCakJçk'TiB√mYyEdlGaccg̨l[eyIgeXIjnUv®Bwti†karNn _ ana EdlbN†al[®sukExµrvinas hinehacTSg®bCaCn TSg®TB¥sm∫ti†dl'f~ak'enH . Kat'k*nwkeTAdl'esckI†®bkasCap¬Ëvkarrbs'hU-CImij EdlVnEf¬gkalBI´f©20-9-52fa «®tUvEtvatTwkdI ykåbTI√b≤NÎËcin cab'tSgBImat'T√ar ´n®beTscinPaKxagt∫Ëg rhUteTAdl'e®CayTwkexµA cab'tSgBICYrP~M≤NÎcin Eb"kxagekIt rhUteTATl'nwge®tIyTen¬emKg˘˘˘ rYc®tUvEk´q~®beTsTSgbI´n åbTI√benH[eTACakumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinCasƒaBr .l.» . yayeTotKitmkdl'®twmeNH Kat'mankarQWcab'Ca´®kElg Kat'xkxU ccit† eTAmuxElgrYc eTAe®kayElgekIt . Kat'Gg¨y{bk∫alCgg' xMnwk eLIgvij nUvTaruNkmµTSgLayEdl®bCaBlrdΩExµr ®tUvTTYlrge®KaHk~¨g ry:eeBl4q~SKt' e®JHtSgBIdUntamk ExµrmancariksuPaB Tn'P¬n' s¬ËtbUt su crit . CaBiessmansIlFm· emt†aFm· nigsb∫¨rsFm· edaymkBIExµrCaG~k kan'BuTÏsasnay"agxÇab'xÇÁn . Etehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCak~¨gkML¨gbYnq~SenH ExµrEdl®Kan'EtJk'yIehaExµr®khm ®Kan'EtCatMNagrbs'Ggkar k*k¬ay eTAXatkry"agsahav hflansm¬ab'Em"“‰g bgbegI˚t bÌËnbegI˚trbs'x¬Án‰g rhUtdl'sasnE_ xµrK~a‰gTSgmUldUec~HeTAvij ? minsmeT@ ! . Kat'BicarNateTAeTotfa – G~kEdlrge®KaHf~ak's¬ab'enaH KWG~kecHdwg manKtibNiÎ tes~haCatiy"agemaHmut KWCaG~k®VC∆ TSg®BHsgÙTSg®Khsƒ rYmesckI† mk KWCamnusßEdlCaEP~k®cmuHrbs'Exµr . vaTuk[enArs' ehIyelIkbn†b' EtBYkex¬A edIm∫I®sYljak'Exß . Kat'nwkeTAdl'q~S1945 EdlKat'VneXIj pÊal'EP~kenAkmı¨Cae®kam EdlenAeBlenaHyYnhaNUyCaevotmij Vnj¨H jg'xIç´dyYnxagt∫Ëg [sm¬ab'bMputBUCExµrkmı¨Cae®kamnigb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†dut pÊHecalvIvk' . ≤LËvenH, ´f©TI19-4-79 em"ag®bEhl4resol, vt†manrbs'kUnyYnTS g17nak'enH Gacq¬¨HbMVt'cm©l'rbs'yayeTogBIGm∏ËtehtuTSgLayEdl ekIteLIgenA®sukExµr tSgBIbYnq~SmkehIy ehIyKat'yl'fa tSgenHminEm nekIteLIgeday´cdn¥eT

muxCamanGaf·kMVMgGI√mYyrbs'yYnhaNUy

Edllak'bg˚b'enAk~¨genaHCaminxan . åTahrNE_ dlVnerobrab'rYcehIy enAtMbn'1 ´next†Vt'dMbg kalBIq~S1976 CaPs†¨tag®sab' . KWyayeTog VneXIjpÊal'EP~knUvGtItExµrevotmij EdlmantaEb"t taekA mit†lICaedIm

GgkarCanrNa ?

149

Edlecjmuxmkkan'tMENgCa®bFanshkrN_ CaKN:t tMbn' rYcbn†mkeTo tCatMNagra®s†˘˘˘. Kat'KiteTAdl'bN†Scuge®kayrbs'elakKwm-gYn®tac EdlCaehtueFI√[Kat'duHKMnit ®tUvEt®sav®CavEvkEjkrkmuxGgkarGnamik[ eXIj . Kat'nwkeXIjdl'ExµrmYynKr Edl®tUvrge®KaHf~ak'TSg®KY@ ehIy EdlPaKe®cInVneXIjedaypÊal'EP~k nUvXatkrEdlcab'cg“Bukm†ay kUn kµÁy ®bBnÏ bI†rbs'x¬Án edayKµanCMnMuCMrHGI√TSgGs' e®kAEtBIJk¥mYym"at'fa eKeFI√tambJÇaGgkar …TukmincMeNj˘˘˘. rYmesckI†mk ExµrEdl®tUveKsm¬a b'Gs'Cit3lannak' minTan'Vndwgfa x¬ÁnmankMhusGI√enAeLIyeT . Gsçar¥Nas'@ GgkarKµanrUbKµanrageT Etehtuem"ck*GgkarbeJçjK~a vaCa®kum@ CadMNak'@ Gacsm¬ab'ExµrVnedayesrI tameBlevla tamkMN t'Vny"agenH ? GgkarGacdwgfaetI®kumNa®tUvsm¬ab'ExµreyaFa®sLaj' sem†c“ etI®kumNa®tUvsm¬ab'Exµr®khmEdlekItmkBIecar, etI®kumNa®tUv sm¬ab'Exµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpn, etI®kumNa®tUvnSeyaFaekµg@eTAlt'dM ? .l. TIbMputetIGgkar®tUvdak'G~kNa[kan'kab'®sukExµr enAk~¨gkal:eeTs: Cabn†mkeTot ? etIExµr®khmnirtIEdlsm¬ab'Exµr®khmCMnan'munenaH minEm nCaKMeragrbs'GgkareT…GI√ ? bnÊab'BIvt†manrbs'Exµr®khmnirtImk ehtuGI√ k*manyYncUlmkCYyrMedaHExµrBIExµr®khm ? . vaykelsfacUlmkCYy ExµrCaelIkTI3 . EtTIbJçb'Kat'yl'fa enHCakll∫icrbs'yYnhaNUyTS g®sug EdlvaeKarBeFI√tambJÇahU-CImij edIm∫IB®gwgB®gIke®CayåbTI√b≤ NÎËcin [k¬ayeTACakm¬SgGmt: manGnuPaBx¬Sgk¬aenAtMbn'GasIuGeK~y_ . yayeTognwkeXIjmkdl'®tg'eNH k*ecalEp~ksm¬wgrkemIlkUnyYnTSg 17nak'm†geTot Et ! Vt'®semal, BYkvaq¬gsÊwghYseTAehIy . dUcP∆ak'BI ylsbi† Kat'k*E®skeLIgfa xM∆¨yl'ehIy ! xM∆¨yl'ehIy ! . mit†®sIemm"ay@emIlmuxyayeTog ehIykat'yl'fa Kat'c∫as'Cay l'BIerOgvt†manrbs'kUnyYnenaHehIy. eKmineqI¬ytbGI√eT. EtenAEk∫renaH Pink*RGflUeLIgfa – «etIGgkarkI†, Exµr®khmCaXatkrd(sahavyg'X~gkI† va gab'´tehageTANaGs'ehIy VnCavaminmkykefI¬mGakUnyYnTSg17nak' enAeTAsIueTA ?» . - PineGIy ! sMnYrenHeBjcit†bgNas' ! yayeTogtbeTAnagPinvij . dUec~HenAyb'enH eyIg®tUvEtsMrakenATIenHsin ehIyedIm∫InwgtamdanBYk kUnyYnTSgenHemIlfa etIvamkeFI√GI√enA®sukeyIg . etIvamanCYbåbs&KGI√eT

GgkarCanrNa ?

150

faebIvaKµanåbs&KGI√eTenaH eyIgGacsnidΩanfa GgkarGnamikCayYnhaNU yy"agBit®Vkd . yb'enaHyayeTogedkpÊal'dI k∫alekIyelIbg√icEdlCa®TB¥sm∫ti† sMNl'cuge®kayrbs'Kat' . Kat'yk´dKgf©assm¬wgemIlemXnara®tI edaybEN†tGarmµNr_ bs'Kat'q©ayeTA@ Edlmindwgfa etIEsÌkenHKat'®tUv edIreTATINavijeT ebIeBlenH ecjBImat'Ggkar EtEbrCacUlmkCab'GnÊak' yYnhaNUyeTAvij . ❑

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bkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin enAeBlenaHmanmit†rbs'Kat'm~ak'k*sYreLIgfa – bg ! ehtuem"cVnCa hU-CImijbegI˚tbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin ? ‹ yYnhaNUyCasasn´_ ®B´pß vaEtgEtedIrrMelaPratt∫atlukluy ®beTsCitxag Cae®cInstvtßmkehIy . vabegI˚tbkßenHedIm∫IrkTwkdI[ kUnecAvaenA . hU-CImijdwgfa enAk~¨gq~S2000 ®beTsyYnmancMnYn®bCaCn Cag60lannak' . ´pÊdITSgGs'man330,000KILËEm"®t®kLa Et´pÊdIEdlGa crs'enAedIm∫I®bkbGaCIvkmµVnKWmanEt20%Etb"ueNˆaH Edl®tUvnwgTMhM 66,000Km2 . 60lannak' enAelI´pÊdI66,000Km2 VnesckI†fa man®b CaCnyYn910nak' k~¨g1Km2 . cMENkenA®sukExµrvij 1Km2manExµrCag 30nak' (30dgticCag) . ´pÊdIenAsl'e®cInNas'enA®sukExµr . mUlehtu enHeTIbenA´f©TI3-2-30 hU-CImijsMercbegI˚tbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin k~¨g eKalKMnitd*elaPln'Gsçar¥ Edlva®s´mfa eBlNaeKalbMNgrbs'va VnsMercCasƒaBr yYnhaNUyEdlmanx¬ÁnvaCaemdwknS nwgk¬ayeTACasa snm _ Yyd*x¬SgBUEkdac'eKenAGasIuGaeK~ye_ nH . kaleNaH®bCaCnenAk~¨g« EdndIrMedaH» ®tUvEtE®skbn†fa – hU-CImijnwgmanGayumYymWunq~S ! « Hô

GgkarCanrNa ?

151

». Chi Minh sông muôn nam !» dUec~HehIy edIm∫IGnuvt†KMeragkarrbs'va[qab'VnsMerc nigedIm∫IsMralGMErkrbs'yYnhaNUy hU-CImijk*bJÇËnyYnm~ak'EdlmaneQµaH eg√øgyuSgemon eTA®k´L[bYseronenAvt†mYy´nTI®kugP~MeBj dak'eQµaHExµrfa – Gacar¥emon . bnÊab'mkeTot vak*dak'eQµaHyYnenHCaExµre®kam – sWg-g"ukmij edIm∫I bn¬MeFI√bÌËnelaksWg-g"ukfaj' . sWg-g"ukmij ®tUvhU-CImijEtgtSgCa ®bFa nExµrtsflU TTYlbnʨkCanaykrdΩmÂnI† [cUlkan'®beTskmı¨CaCamYy TU-sa mut . enA´f©TI19-6-51 eg√øg-yuSgemonbegI˚tVnkgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdiv t†n‰ _ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca . enA´f©TI28-6-51 CnenHbegI˚tbkß®bCaCnbdivt† nE_ xµr EdltSgBIenaHmkeKehAfa «Exµrevotmij» ehIyEdlenABIdMbUgTI smaCikrbs'bkßPaKe®cInCa CnCatiyYnbn¬MeFI√Exµr . bn†bnÊab'mkeTIbvaTak' Tgj¨Hjg'Exµr@EdlenAcugkat'mat'jk Edl®tUvraCrdΩaPiVlbMeP¬cecal [cUlmkeFI√karCamYyva edayeXasnaeTAtamcMNucexßaynanarbs'mnu sßm~ak'@ . mundMbUgvabg˚begI˚tsÂgamvNˆ: vaeFI√[ExµrTSgenaHrvatcit†q©ay BIsgmExµr . rYcehIy enAeBlEdlExµrTSgenaHcUlk~¨gGnÊak'vaehIy vak* ®bmUlbJçËlk~¨gsalaneyaVy edIm∫IGb'rMbMJk'eKalCMhrbEnƒmfa – ®tUv EtkMeTcski†PUmi c®kBti† nignayTun . eX¬agX¬aEdlvabg≈M[eronsÊat'cSma t'manx¬H@dUcteTA – - manbdivt†ne_ kIteLIg eTIbeCOnelOn - bdivt†nm _ †g eCOnelOnm†g - bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg - Q~HVn®Kb'®Kg (…eFI√es†c) caj'eFI√esdIΩ . ( eX¬agX¬aenH®kumExµrGa y"gyYnehg-sMrin, hflun-Esn, Ca-sIum kMBugGnuvt†y"aghµt'ct') . - sm¬ab'mnusßsucrit ®besIrCagTuks®tUv[enArs' . - ®tUveFI√[Gs'sgÙwm rYcswmCYy[mansgÙwmmkvij . G~ks†ab'TSgb"unµanlan'mat'®Kb'@K~a Gah_ Gah˘_ ˘˘. eBlenaHG~ksupanI niyaykat'eLIgfa – KYr[cEm¬kEmn@ eX¬agX¬aenHCaJk¥j¨Hjg'bMpusbM pulrbs'bkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin ehtuem"ck*GgkarGnamikGnuvt†Vnhµt'ct' ®twm®tUvGI√em"¬H ?

GgkarCanrNa ?

152

- GUn@emIlcuH, yayeTogbn†, dUcCaX¬aEdlfa «bdivt†nm _ †g, eCOnelO nm†g» bdivt†nT _ I1enA®sukExµreyIg´f©TI18-3-70, elIkTI2 eKeFI√bdivt†n´_ f© TI17-4-75, elIkTI3´f©TI7-1-79 CaTIbMputbkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr EdlCaGtItExµrevotmij ehIy≤LËvenHE®beQµaHCa bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca Edlmanehg-sMrinCaGKelxaKN:k kmµaFikarmCŒwmbkß nigCa®bFan ehI yEdlmanBYkbUdUyCae®cInEsnnak'KS®T VnTTYlC&yCMnHCasƒaBrEmn . ‹ dUcX¬aEdlfa «bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg» GUn@KitemIlcuH, Ggkar bMEbkExµrCae®cIn®kum edaye®bIyIehaExµr®khmEtmYy . Xatkr®kumTI1, TI2 TTYlParkicçsm¬ab'®bCaBlrdΩExµr . Xatkr®kumTI3, TI4, TI5 TTYlbnʨk sm¬ab'®kumXatkrmun KW®kumTI1, TI2[Gs' edIm∫IbMVt'Ps†¨tag . cMENkerOgeyaFa, GgkarbMEbkeyaFaCa3®kum – ®kumyaFaTI1 – eyaFaekµg@EdlmanGayuminelIsBI15q~SeT CadMbUg GgkarbeJçjeyaFa®kumenH[®tYt®ta®beTsExµr tamrbbecar edaye®bIJ k¥esI~ edIm∫Ib¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†ExµreBjnKr . rYcb¬n'Gs'cit†Vn3q~SrYcehIy Ggkark*cat'kar®bmUlykeTAlt'dM[s¬ab' . ®kumeyaFaTI2 – CaeyaFaEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ sµ&®Kcit†kMeTceyaFa Exµrln'-nl', luHGgkarTTYlC&yCMnHehIy vaEbrCa®bmUleyaFa®kumenH [edIrcUlExßGnÊak'e®tomrbs'va Tuk[bUdUyVj'rHsm¬ab'ecalTSgGs'cug q~S1978 . ®kumeyaFaTI3 – CaeyaFaEf¬gkaresµaH®tg'cMeJHGgkar sµ&®Kcit†kMeTc ski†PUminigc®kBti† . ®kumenHGgkarykeTAlak'Tukk~¨gTIGaf·kMVMg sMrab'bM erIvaeday®bkarNamYyepßgeTot …edaybMJk'yIehaCaExµr®khmdEdl enA´f©e®kay mindwgcMnYn . ‹ dUcCaX¬aEdlfa «sm¬ab'mnusßsucrit ®besIrCagTuks®tUv[enArs' » GUn@TSgGs'K~adwg®sab'ehIyfa Ggkarsm¬ab'Exµrs¬Ët®tg'Gs'rab'lan nak' edayKµanCMnMuCMrHmYym"at'eT ehIyenAk~¨genaH manedayTSg®kumExµr®k hmnin~akarExµrCag2mWunnak'pg EdlmanhflU-yn', hflU-nwm, mit†sflU CaedIm . srubesckI†eTA GgkarGnamiksni~dΩanfa ExµrEdlCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ fa Cas®tUvrbs'va . ‹ dUcCaX¬aEdlfa «Q~H®kb'®Kg…eFI√es†c, caj'eFI√G~kman…esdΩI» GUn @emIlcuH GgkarGnamikQ~HExµrln'-nl'

bnÊab'mkeVkes†csIhnuVn

GgkarCanrNa ?

153

Q~HeTot, GgkarVn®Kb'®Kg®beTsExµr . luHdl'evnhaNUyecjluklu yratt∫at®beTsExµredayesrIehIy, Ggkark*rlayVt'eQµaHeTA‰g@ KW eFI√Cacaj'sin b"uEn†®TB¥sm∫ti†k~¨gmYynKrExµr k*®tUvGgkar®bmUldwknSyk eTAeFI√esdΩIenA®sukyYnGs'eTAehIy . ‹ dUcX¬aEdlfa «®tUveFI√[Gs'sgÙwm rYmswmCYymansgÙwmeLIgvij» yYnhaNUye®bIeQµaHGgkarGnamik edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg®beTsExµrGs'ry:4 4q~S Kt' (KWry:EEBlEdlxM∆¨®tUvrge®KaHCamYybgbÌËnExµrTSgGs'EdlenAsl'BI s¬ab') . Ggkare®bI®Kb'meF¥aVy edIm∫IeFI√y"agNa[EtExµrs¬ab' . G~kEdl esssl'enArs' k*edkGs'sgÙwmrg'cSesckI†s¬ab' Edlyl'fadl'eBl enHeTAehIy s¬ab'®besIrCagrs'enAk~¨gkI†evTna . ®sab'EtelcmuxyYncUlmk «e®sac®sg'» Exµrc∫as'®kELteTAvij . enHehIyeKehAfa CYy[mansgÙwmeLIgvij . dUec~HcMeJHG~kNaEdlminVnKitditdl' Gacyl'®cLMfayYnmanKuN Emn ! . G~ksupanITHsµayayeTogtic@ rYcniyayfa – xM∆¨yl'ehIy@fanrNa CaGgkar EdlvaVt'Jk¥mYyX¬ad*l∫I «Tukk*mincMeNj dkecjminxat» . X¬aenHGgkareTIbnwgbegI˚teLIgenAsm&y1970enHeT . cuHehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCam"ak'dwgKMeragEpnkarrbs'hU-CImij ? r"adasYr m†ay . edIm∫InwgBn¥l'kUn®sI[yl' Em"nwgniTan®bvti†yYnvaykMcay sm¬ab' ExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kam [kUnnigGUn@Vndwg˘˘˘

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GgkarCanrNa ?

154

CMBUkTI18 ‹ kll∫icevotmijsm¬ab'kc M ayExµrkmıC ¨ ae®kam ‹ evotmij®bmUlExµrkmıC ¨ ae®kamdutsm¬ab'kg ¨~ C®guk®sUv ‹ karcakecjBI®sukkMeNIteday´cdn¥enAq~S1948 evotmj i sma¬ bk ' c M ayExrµ kmC ¨ ı ae®kam yayeTogniTan®bvti†d*QWcab'ex¬acpßarbs'Kat' k~¨gcen¬aHq~S1946dl' q~S1954 . Kat'sMGageTAelIkareXIj®bt¥kßnwgEP~kKat' EdlsI†BIkarVt' bg'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamenaelIkTI2 . q~Ssikßa1945-1946 nageTogeronenA salaKruekasl¥®kug®tavijkmı¨Cae®kam . enA´f©TI9-3-1945 Cb"uncUlQ¬anJnlukluyåbTI√b≤NÎËcinmYy ry:, VrSg®tUvdkfy˘˘˘. enAExtula1945 Cb"un®tUvbraC&y˘˘˘ VrSgcUlmkkan'kab'≤NÎËcineLI gvij˘˘˘. eq¬øt{kasd*claclenH hU-CImij®bFan´nbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin ®bkasevotNam‰kraC¥enA´f©TI2-9-1945 rYcsMercbegI˚trNsir¥evotNam‰kraC¥smınÏPaB ehA[xI¬mkfa «evotmij» . sÂgamkan'EtrIkFMeLIg@enAåbTI√b≤NÎËcin . hU-CImijmanKMeragkar TukrYcCae®scfa ebIeBlNaVrSg®tUvbraC&y ®tUvdkfyecjBI≤NÎËcin yYn®tUvEtvatykTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam[VnP¬am . dUec~HyYnhaNUyk*j¨Hj g'xIç´dtYnxagt∫Ëg[sm¬ab'kMcayCnCatiExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kam « CaBiessG~k ecHdwg » y"ageXareXA . G~kmanmeF¥aVyk*rt'ePosx¬Án nS®KYsarcakecjBITwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCa hUrEhrenAelIkTI1 . es~øtenH®besIrNas' eKehAfa « es~øtvayTwkbegIÌ

GgkarCanrNa ?

155

l®tI» . es~øtsm¬ab'y"åg´®B´pß y"ageXareXAmanx¬H@dUcteTA – - evotmijEtgEtmkGeJIÇjraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamG~kecHdwg

[eTACYy

eFI√karGgkarelI . EtG~kNaEdlVneTACYyeFI√karGgkarelI minEdlVn vil®tLb'mkCYb®KYsarvijeLIy . yUr@m†geTIb®kum®KYsarVnTTYlsMbu ®trbs'Cnrge®KaHenaHEdlepI∆mksYrsuxTuk≈ . EttYGkßrEdlsresrenaH minEmnCarbs'samIx¬ÁneT . enAedImExF~Ëq~S1945 tMNagGgkarelImkGeJIÇjelakKwm-eha eTA CYyeFI√karCamYyGgkarelI . elakKwm-ehamanTIlMenAenAXMuePOkhwg ®su k®takUv ext†®tavij kmı¨Cae®kam . luHvanSmkdl'mat'JmxaglicPUmiebn eyO CakEn¬gEdlBYkvaEtgkab'k∫alraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamTm¬ak'TwkTen¬ eTI bXatkrBIrnak'cab'elakcgs¬abesk bMrugnwgbJçËleTAk~¨gpÊHTwkedIm∫Ika t'k∫al . EtenAeBlenaHeBCŒXateP¬cykGavuFeTAtamx¬Án . Xatkrm~ak' k*vil®tLb'eTAykGavuFenA‰PUmivij . cMENkelakKwm-ehadwgdUec~H k*xM®bwgpßge®BgerIbMrHcMNgluH®taEt VnrYcx¬Án . elak®saycMNgrYcEP¬t ehIyk*vaysm¬ab'XatkrEdlenA cSyam[s¬ab'enAnwgkEn¬gmYyrMeBc . rYcehIyelakk*elatcuHTen¬bEN† tx¬ÁntamExßTwk rhUtVnCYbTUkG~kensaTmYy . mças'TUkk*CYycm¬gelak rhUtdl'e®tIyTen¬Eb"kxaglic .l. elakKwm-ehak*cab'pßaydMNwgenH [®CYt®Cabdl'bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Ca e®kam [dwgnUvButt∫¨tkMhUcrbs'yYnevotmij EdlCaXatkrd*eXareXAkM NacefakTabenH . dUec~H sÂgamrvagExµrkmı¨Cae®kamnigyYnevotmijk*pʨH eLIgy"agsahavGsçar¥ . enAeBlenaH enAtamdgTen¬ tamE®Bknana eKeXIjEtexµac≤tk∫al GEN†teTAmk@tamTwkeCarnaC KYr[s¬¨tcit†Nas' . nwkeTAKYr[GaeNacGFm·dl'bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamk~¨g®KaGasn~enaH Nas' . xagyYnevotmij vamankSePI¬gmUsW˚tug CaGavuF . cMENkxagExµr BYkeKnSK~adutEdkeFI√dav kSbit Ex√vCaGavuF . CaGP&B√Nas'eTAeTot enAeB ld*manGasn~enaH bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamKµanG~kdwknSeT . ®Kb'@K~aeKarB Vnhµt'ct'tamdMbUnµanelaktaåkj"asWg-Kuy EdlmanlMnSy"ag®besIr fa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

156

1- GavuFd*mut d*x¬Sgk¬anigd*s&ki†siTiÏGackarJrCatiVn KWExµreyIg®tUv EtecHrYbrYmsamKIBit@[VnsÌitlµÁt . 2- KµanCatiNa®sLaj'CatiExµrCagExµreLIy . 3- ebIExµrminecHCYyExµr KµansasnN _ aGacCYyExµrCagExµreLIy . dUec~aHeBlEdl®tUvrge®KaHd*åt∫atenaH bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamVnrYb rYmsamKIK~aBit@ eKbMeBjkrNiykicç Par:k kicçy"ag®twm®tUvhµt'ct' CaBies seKsal'c∫as'Nas' fasasnN _ aCas®tUvnigCaXatkrmkelIsasn_ Exµr . eTaHyYnevotmijeFI√GI√@k*eday

bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kammincuHj"mCa

dac'xat . enAeBlenaH®BHsgÙdak'Fm·V"NacuH cgk∫in TTUrEs∫keKaTTw kedIm∫IkarJrx¬ÁnTb'Tl'nwg®Kab'kSePI¬grbs's®tUv kan'davrt'sMrukcUledjkMeTckMcat'yYnevotmij EdlelIkK~acUlmkb¬n' dutpÊH dutvt†GaramExµr . bgbÌËnExµrtsflU edIm∫IkarJrCatinigsasna . enAext†X¬SnigBllav manPUmiExµrx¬HEdlenAq©aydac'®syal dUcCa PUmiekaH®bhat y"ar"ay eB~AGEN†t dSKin dSeyIy nigE®BkhUrpugCaedIm ehIyminTan'Vndwg®Bwti†karN´_ nkartsflUrbs'bgbÌËnExµrenAext†®tavijenA eLIy . yYnevotmijyl'fa Bn¥aeBlTukyUreTAeTotminVneT GacbN†a l[mane®KaHf~ak'dl'vaF©n'Nas' m"¥ageTotVrSgkMBugvayluksegI≈jcUlkan'kab'ykTI®kugnanaswgTSgGs'eLIgvijehIy . yYnevotmijGnuvt† es~øtmYyy"agTMenIbCabnÊan'edaycat'kar[GeJIÇjraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kameP T®buseTArYm®bCMumiTijk~¨gC®guk®sUv . C®guk®sUvnimYy@Gacdak'mnusßVnBI170eTA200nak' . luHraÂs†Exµr kmı¨Cae®kamcUlCYbCMuK~aehIy evotmijxÊas'C®guk®sUv[Cab'BIxage®kA rYc ehIyk*dutcMebIgEdlBYkvaVnerayenACMuvijC®guknimYy@ ®BmTSgVnbg˚ b'FugsSgCae®scenaH [eqHsenÏarsenÏAdUcP~MePI¬g . dUec~HbgbÌËnExµreyIg rge®KaHs¬ab'y"agEsnevTna . k~¨gExkum∏:q~S1946 edaymanExµrkmı¨Cae®kamsµ&®Kcit†bUCaCIvitcUleFI√Ta hanCMnYybMerIVrSg EdlmanesckI†k¬ahand*s√its√aj d*rwgbwug d*esµaH®t g'cMeJHVrSg « sUmVrSg®Cab » rdΩVlVrSgk*GacTTYlC&yCMnHcUlkan' ext†®tavijTSgmUleLIgvij . eBlenaHkgT&BEp~kvayswkk*®bmUlTahanCMnYyCaCatiExµrkmı¨Cae®ka meTACYyeVssMGatyYnevotmijenAext†epßg@eTot .

rdΩVrSg®tUvbJÇËn

GgkarCanrNa ?

157

Ep~kerobcMrdΩaPiVlnigEp~kcit†saÂs†cUlmkkan'ext†®tavijCMnYsvij . dUec~HVrSgecj®bkaspßayGMJvnavrkExµrkmı¨Cae®kamcUlCYyeFI√kar b"uEn†KYr[s†ayNas' raÂs®Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamEdlecHdwgehIysl'BIs¬ab' Vnrt'ePosx¬ÁneTAkmı¨CakN†alswgGs'eTAehIy . G~kEdlsl'enArs' KWe®cInEt®KUbe®gonb"ueNˆaH . edaysarkarx√HbuKliky"agenH rdΩaPiVlVrSgVnbwT®bkaspßay ®Kb'TIkEn¬g GMJvnavrkG~keFI√karEdlmanesckI†CaGaTifa – « VrSgelIkElgeTas[yYn®Kb'@vNˆ: Edlef¬aHeF¬ayVneTAbMerI evotmij . ≤LËvenHGacvil®tLb'cUlmkkan'TIlMenAerog@x¬ÁnvijVnedayesrI . cMENkGtItG~krdΩkarGaccUlmksMuGnukUlPaB rYcGacsMucUleFI√ kartam®ksYgedImnanaerog@x¬ÁnvijVn cab'tSgBI´f©biT®bkaspßayenH eTA » . BYkevotmijVneXIj®bkasenHrYck*p¬as'b†ËrEpnkarrbs'vaP¬am . vasM erccit†e®bIGavuFcit†saÂs†nigkll∫ic®tCak'm†gvij . vak*´llkj¨Hjg' bMEbkbMVk'ExµrTahanCMnYy [EbkecjBIVrSgsin . e®JHtSgBI3-4Ex Edlkn¬gputmkehIyenH evotmije®bIEtGavuFCakSePI¬g EdleFI√[BYkbUdU ys¬ab'y"age®cIn edayehtufaBYkTahanExµrCMnYyVrSgGs'TSgenaHman kartsflUsi√ts√aj ehIymane®bobxagkm¬SgswkelIsbUdUye®cInNas' . dUec~HBYkevotmijbJÇa[K~avarMlay®kum rMlaykg ehIylak'GavuFTukmYy kEn¬gsin . eq¬øteBlEdlVrSgeVHxitb&NˆGMJvnavehAyYn[eFI√kareLIgvijedayesrIenH evotmijcab'epI†mbJÇËncarkicçrbs'vaEdlsuTÏEtCaG~kecHdwg e®CA®CH Edlx¬HCaGtItG~krdΩkar [mksMucUleFI√karCamYyVrSgeLIgvij tammuxgarrbs'x¬ÁnBIedIm . nwkeTAKYrGasUrTahanExµrkmı¨Cae®kamCMnYyVrSg EdleFI√BlikmµbUCa CIvitedIm∫IbMerIVrSgCMnan'enaHNas' . G~kTSgenaHminecHniyaynigGanGkßryYn minecHniyayPasaVrSg . em"¬aHehIyebIniyayeqI¬yq¬gCamYy ecAh√ay KWK~aeFI√Vn®twmkayvikar . BYkeKecHBit®VkdEterOgvaykMcat'ed jevotmijQ¬anJn EtminVndwgfasƒankarNE_ ®b®bYlP¬am@y"agenH eLIy . q~S1946, Exemsa, CaTivabuN¥cUlq~SExµr . TahanCMnYyExµrkmı¨Cae®ka

GgkarCanrNa ?

158

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KWedaysarVrSgcUlmk®Kb'

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160

®KgkarJråbtƒm∏ eTIbExµrkmı¨Cae®kamVnTTYlesckI†sux VnenACaCati ExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kamdEdlCitmYystvtß . edIm∫Itbs~gsgKuNVrSg T&BCMnYyTSgenaHdwgEtbMeBjkrNIyki cçkMeTcevotmij edIm∫IkarJrVrSgnigbgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamEtb"ueNˆaH . m"¥ageTotBYkT&BCMnYyTSgLayenaH rvl'Cab'bMeBjebskkmµCYyVrSg eVssMGatevotmijenAtamCnbTnana minVndwgfa enAtamTI®kugVrSg EbrCaEcgc∫ab'elIkElgeTasevotmijy"agenaHeLIy . minVndwgfaV rSgeF√s®bEhs[caj'eVkyYnevotmijy"agenaHeLIy .l. edaymkBI «bgExm» sal'em@evotmijd*eXareXAc∫as', m"¥ageTot edaymkBIKat'cg'pab'cit†VrSg eTIbKat'nSK~avaysm¬ab'em@evotmijsMucMNuHbMerIVrSgenaH . VnelsenH yYneq¬øt{kassm¬ab'T&BCMnYy®sb c∫ab'rbs'VrSgvij˘˘˘.l. kaleNaHmansl'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamG~kecHdwgtsflUenACYyeFI√karVrSg Edr . b"uEn†®tUvyYnCaGtItevotmijsMucMNuHbMerIVrSge®bI®Kb'meF¥aVys m¬ab'Cabn†bnÊab' manåTahrNx _ ¬H@dUcteTA – k~¨gq~S1947 elakKwm-ehIs CaecAtMbn'enAb"usv†i_ t†FM ®sukkUvg"ag ext† ®tavij . man´f©mYyevotmijB&TÏVj'b"us†ei_ nH . elakKwm-ehIs®tUvrbYs cMeP¬A . ®ksYgkgT&Bk*dwknSelakeTAcUlB¥aVlk~¨gmnIÊreBT¥FMTI®kug®ta vij . eBlenaHmanevCÇbNiÎtCaCatiyYnm~ak'Qrsm¬k'sm¬wgelakKwm-ehI sy"agyUr bnÊab'mkvak*cak'f~Ssm¬ab'G~krbYsenaHenAcMeJHmux®bBnÏ KWG~k ®sIkwm . G~k®sIkwmQWcit†Nas' kat'k*cUlkan'EdndIrMedaHEdlmanyYnCaevot mij .l. « nwkeTAKYr[s†ayNas' ! k~¨gry:eeBlCit100q~SEdlVrSgVn®Kb' ®Kgkmı¨Cae®kam eKminEdleXIjmankarekItvivaTrvagVrSgnigExµrTal'Et esaH . pʨyeTAvijyYnnigVrSgsm¬ab'K~aeTAvijeTAmkdUcsm¬ab'mUs . ma nåTahrNC _ a®bvti†saÂs†enAedonebonPU Edls¬ab'KreCIgelIK~aCaPs†¨ta g®sab' . minKYrVrSgfycakecjBIkmı¨Cae®kam ehIyEbrCa®bKl'TwkdI enH[yYneTAvijeT » . eq¬øt{kasyYnCaGtItevotmijsMucMNuHbMerIVrSgkMBugcat'karsm¬ab'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam®sbc∫ab'y"agenaH˘˘˘ cMENkyYnCaevotmijEbrCab†Ërneya

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GgkarCanrNa ?

162

sm∫ti†, manG~kx¬HlHbg'ecal®KYsar sµ&®Kcit†bUCaCIvitcUleFI√T&BCMnYybMerI VrSgkMeTcevotmij˘˘˘ pʨyeTAvijeBlVrSgTTYlC&yCMnHenAq~S1946 V rSgEbrCa®bKl'GMNac[®kum Viet Gian yYnk∫t', ecaTsm¬ab'bgbÌËnExµrvIr vk'eTAvij .l. cMENkP~ak'garevotmij®kummunenaH x√HkarGb'rMminecHeFI√kar minecHdwknS beN†ay[ekItvivaTrvagbgbÌËnExµrnigyYnkab'sm¬ab'K~a . GB∏Ë tehtuenHbN†al[Vt'bg'eBlevlanignS[eyIgxat®beyaCny _ "age®cI n . kMhusd*F©n'@enH P~ak'garmun®tUvTTYl . dUec~HGgkarelIecjbJÇa[ cab'®bmUlP~ak'garEdl®b®Bwt†xusenaHnSykeTAlt'dM . GgkarelIbJÇËnmit†fIµ@ EdlVnTTYlkarGb'rM®twm®tUv [sal'nigsni~ dΩanraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamTukdUcCabgbÌËnmkCMnYs . e®JHyYnnigExµreyIg mankMeNItelIdI≤NÎËcin, eyIgCamças'TwkdI≤NÎËcin˘˘˘ erOgGI√eyIgTas'ET gK~a ? EbrCaTukeBl[VrSgCaCatibreTscUlmkratt∫atCiHCan', ≤LËvCit 100q~SeTAehIyeyIgCab'nwmVrSgenH . mUlehtuenH Vk'hU (Jk¥yYn ehAhU-CImijfa Gfl˜uhU ) Ca®bFanbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinsMercbegI˚tsmaKm mit†PaByYn-Exµr-lav edIm∫IrYbrYmsamKI[VnmSrwgbwug rYckMeTcedjVrSg EdlCas®tUvrYmrbs'mit†eyIgedIm∫IrMedaH®beTserog@x¬Án .l. nig .l. manbgbÌËnExµreyIgx¬Hminsal'kll∫icyYnk*sYrfa « ehtuy"agdUc em†cVnCayYnevotmijmineq¬øt{kasenaHsm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr[Gs'eTA ? … mYyk*vamankll∫icy"agdUcem†ceTAeTot ? » . cemI¬y – yYnevotmijEdlmankarBiesaFnC _ ae®cInq~SminjejItnwgeFI√ sÂgamCamYyVrSgeT . yYnsal'cMNucexßayrbs'VrSgEdlCaCnCati caj'GakasFatuek†AenAåbTI√b≤NÎËcin minGacFn'®TSnigcMNIGahar, Twk ni geraKepßg@VneT . yYnbk®sayBn¥l'smaCikbkßrbs'vafa « ebIs ÂgamBn¥aeBlyUrvarwtEt®besIrsMrab'nKryYn e®JHVrSgnSGavuFmk[ nKryYneTetI ! » . yYnevotmijTTYlsal'KuNsm∫ti†rbs'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlCaCnCa timancrikrwgbwug Gt'Fµt' tsflU si√ts√aj ecHFn'®TSnUvkarlMVk®Kb'Ebby"a g ehIyEdlPaKe®cInCaG~kefI√E®scMkar, ciJçwmst√, ensaT®tI, bg˚g, bgar eTAlk'enAtamTIpßarnigTI®bCMuCnnana EdlmanBYkCnCatiyYnCaG~krs'enA ®bkbrbrCaG~krdΩkar . luHdl'eBlExµrcUlx¬ÁneTAeFI√CaTahanCMnYyVrSgGs'eTA yYnevotmij

GgkarCanrNa ?

163

®tUvTTYlvibti†y"agF©n'2y"ag – vibti†TI1 – yYnevotmij®tUvcMNayCIvitbUdUyGs'Cae®cIn edIm∫ITb'Tl' sÂgamnwgVrSg . vibti†TI2 – yYnevotmij®tUvx√HG~keFI√E®scMkar, ensaT edIm∫Ip†l'ePaKp l[®bCaCnvaenATI®kug . yl'dUec~HP¬am yYnevotmij®tUvEtcat'viFankarbMEbkbMVk', BYkTahan CMnYyExµrkmı¨Cae®kamecjBIVrSg .

vak*kb'lak'GavuFQb'eFI√sÂgammYy

y:s sinedIm∫Ip¬as'b†ËrneyaVy nigrkkll∫icfIµeVkExµrkmı¨Cae®kamteTA ry eTot . Emn ! hU-CImijecjbJÇa[begI˚tsmaKmmit†PaByYn-Exµr-lav edIm∫I bJÇaelIkTwkcit†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamP¬am . karBitenaHvae®bI®Kb'meF¥aVy´nGM eBI´®B´pßedIm∫Ism¬ab'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlCaG~kecHdwgexÊcxÊIGs'eTAehIy TukEtExµrEdll©g'ex¬AedIm∫I®sYlvae®bIeFI√xM∆¨kJÇHvaEtb"ueNˆaH . rI‰yYnevot mijEdlsMucMNuHbMerIVrSg‰eNaHvij vak*beJçjcg˚Ëmy"agsahavbEnƒm eTotedIm∫I[VrSgCYykMcat'ExµrTahanCMnYyecjBIx¬Án . kll∫icd*cEm¬kGsçar¥mYymandUcteTA – - k~¨gExmifuna1946, ®sab'EteXIjeKcab'®sI@Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam14nak' EdlCaG~klk'Gg˚r ehIy®tUveKbeNI†rCaCYrykeTAXMuk~¨gKukFM siƒtenAxag e®kaysalaext†®tavij . bnÊab'mkeTIbdwgfa yYnEdlCaxM∆¨bMerIVrSgVn ecaT®sI@TSgenaHfa lk'Gg˚rmanGMEbgdbgmEbgEkv . luHTahanCMnYy Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamTijGg˚renaHykeTAdN†SVybriePaK k*bN†al[G~kbriePaKtSgenaH®tUvrbYsdac'®kBHs¬ab'y"agevTnaCaTIbMput . cuHehtuy"agem"cVnCaGg˚rmanGMEbgdbGMEbgEkv ? luHyUrlg'mk eTIbeyIgExµrkmı¨Cae®kamdwgfaerOgd*cEm¬kenHCakll∫icrbs'®kumyYnGtI tevotmijEdlsMucMNuHbMerIVrSg . viecœtkmµenHman®beyaCnB _ Iry"agdl' yYn – 1- vaeFI√[manclacledIm∫Ibn¬ac®sI@ExµrG~klk'Gg˚r[Qb'®bkb rbrenH . 2- ebIKµanG~klk'ehIy Gg˚r®tUvx√Hxat dUec~HTahanCMnYyEdlbMerIV rSgTSgenaH ®tUvEtnSK~avil®tLb'mkeFI√E®scMkarvij . sUmCMrabfa enAk~¨g kal:eeTs:eenaH

enAkmı¨Cae®kamminTan'manm"asIunkin®sUv [Vn®Kb'®Kan'

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164

enAeLIyeT . ®sI@nSK~akin®sUveday´d Can'Gg˚redayeCIg rYcErgerIsy"a gsÌatdak'k~¨gkeJIÇFM@ ErkykeTAlk'[TahanCMnYyenAk~¨gbnÊay . enA tamdgp¬Ëvman®sI@yYneFI√viecœTkmµeFI√ButsMuTijGg˚r edaylYcbn¬Mdak'GMEb gdbGMEbgEkvcUlk~¨gGg˚renaH . xM∆¨sUmelIkerOgmYyykmkCUnbgbÌËnExµr BicarNaBIkll∫icyYnhaNUyCaevotNamCaGtItevotmij CaGtItevot kugEdlnSykmksab®BYsk~¨g®beTskmı¨CakalBIq~S1982 edIm∫IkMcay ExµrdUcteTA – tamesckI†rayr"ab'rbs'yaypun Edlmkdl'®beTsVrSg kalBI´f© 2-11-85 VnbJÇak'®Vb'yayeTogpÊal'fa Kat'k*yl'®cLMdUcbgbÌËnExµr d´TeTotEdr EdlsµanfayYncUlmkCYyExµr . ®sab'Etq~S1982man®Bwti† karNd _ *cEm¬kmYyVnekIteLIgkYr[tk's¬¨t . yYnVnbJÇËn®sIyYnekµg@ Tuk®kckEvg@labf~S®kckBN·®khmcas' EdlenAk~¨g®kckenaHmanbg˚ b'lak'f~SbMBuly"agsahav . k~¨gExemsa1982 enArdΩFanIP~MeBjmanekIt clacly"agx¬Sg EdlbN†almkBIGg˚r nMbJç¨k nMeJt bEn¬ Ep¬eQIepßg @ manCatiBulEdlsm¬ab'G~kbriePaK[s¬ab'CahUrEh . man®sIyYnmYy ®kumeTotnSEp¬®tEbkbI®sukyYn Edlmanbg˚b'CatiBulenAxagk~¨g ehIy ykmklk'enAP~MeBj . G~kbriePaK®tUvs¬ab'Cabn†@ . yaypunbJÇak'fa VneXIjpÊal'EP~knUvCnCatibreTsBIrnak'

EdlmanlMenAenAEk∫rpÊHKat'

ehIyEdlVnbriePaKEp¬®tEbkenaH®bkac's¬ab'enAnwgkEn¬gmYyrMeBcy"ag EsnevTna . Kat'bn†eTAeTotfa Kat'manGayu71q~SehIy Kat'minEdlnwk nafanwgcakecal®sukeT EtedaysarkareXIjnwgEP~kKat'y"ag®bt¥kß EbbenH ®BmTSgeXIjbgbÌËnExµry"age®cInelIslb' Edlx¬acf~SBulkMBug EtdwkkUnCJÇËnecAePosx¬ÁnCahUrEh Kat'k*ekItesckI†tk's¬¨tCax¬Sg k*sMer ccit†kan'eQI®ct'Tb'x¬Áncakecal®sukExµrmktameK‰gEdreTA . cMENk‰Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamvijeKVnsal'kll∫icGmnusßFm·rbs'evo tmijenHc∫as'Nas' . b"uEn† « cuHTwk®keBI, eLIgelIx¬a » Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam enAeBlenaHCakUmkM®JEdle®bobbIdUcCa®tIEdleKcab'b®JçkJgTukrYc eTAehIy˘˘˘ minecHPasayYn PasaVrSg KµanmeF¥aVycakecjBI®sukrk sni†PaB esrIPaBnwgeK em"¬aHehIyk*sm©Mes©ømbiTmat'eFI√E®scMkarCaFmµta eTA . cMENk‰GgkarelIrbs'evotmijvij k*bJÇËnP~ak'garfIµmkCMnYs®Kb' TIkEn¬gTSgGs'

edaye®bIGakb∫kiriyaTn'P¬n' sMdIEpÌm®tCak'cUlmkTak'

GgkarCanrNa ?

165

Tgmit†PaBCamYyExµry"agCits~iTÏenAtamTIlMenA . vaehAmnusßcas'fa Em" …GMu, ehAekµg@fasmmit† . enAeBlebIkGg®bCMum†g@ ®bFanEtgEtedIrsÊabGEgÌlcas'TMuExµreFI√ hak'dUcCa®sLaj'Nas' . vaj¨Hjg'edayniyay®cMEdl@fa VrSgCa s®tUvrYmrbs'eyIg eyIgCab'nwmGaNaniKmVrSgCit100q~SeTAehIy . eB lenHeyIg®tUvEterIbMrHecjBInwmenHedIm∫IesrIPaB ‰Par:kicçEdl®tUvvaykM eTcVrSgKW®kumxM∆¨bUdUyCaG~keFI√ . smmit†ExµrminVc'ht'enOyedaykan' GavuFeT . GgkarelIsUmsmmit†tSgcit†[nwgnrbn†kicçkareFI√E®s eFI√cMkar ciJçwmst√ ensaT®tIbg˚geTAVnehIy . GgkarelIsMuGMJvnavdl'smmit† [CYybricaçKeFI√viPaKTan edaybg'®Vk'k~¨gm~ak'@cMnYn 0,50 Piastre ®Bm TSgGg˚r20lI®t (KW1etA) . ❑

❑ ❑

k~¨gExkJÔa1946 rdΩmÂnI†®ksYgsikßaFikarnigGb'rMenA´®BnKr Vnecj®bkasEtgtSgkJÔaeTogCa®KUbe®gon ®BmTSgbJÇËnnagmkkan'ext†®ta vij . tSgBIedImmkminEdlmanÂsI†ExµrCa®KUbe®goneLIy . enAq~Ssikßa19 46-47 manÂsI†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam2nak' Vn®tUveKEtgtSgCa®KUbe®gon . eK bJÇËnnageTogeTAkan'b"us†g i_ a"V ®suk®takUv edIm∫Ibe®gonmuxviCÇaPasaVrSg -Exµrdl'kUnsisßExµr . ®suk®takUvmansuTÏEtExµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdltSgTI lMenAJseBjtSgBIe®cInstvsßmkehIy . eKseg˚teXIjmanCnCati yYnbni†cbn†Ác EdlmanmuxrbrCaG~krdΩkar nigCaG~klk'dUrx¬H@EdltSgTI lMenAenAtamTIpßarEtb"ueNˆaH . raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamenA®suk®takUv ®bkan'min[kUneronsU®teT e®JH tamkarkt'sMKal' kalNakUnecHdwgEtgEtmanvibti†epßg@ ®tUvEtrt'ecal®sukecalEm"“ swgKµannrNaGacVnrs'enACYbCMu®KYsareLIy . cMEN k‰kUn®sI m†ay“Bukmin[eTAeronsU®tCadac'xat e®JHyl'fakalNa eronsU®tecHdwgehIy muxEtsresrsMbu®tes~haeTA[®bus@˘˘˘ elak V"n-LËv CaGFikarbzmsikßaCatiExµr®bcSenAk~¨gGFikarkicçcMruH ext†®tavij elakecjlixitbJÇa ( Ordre de Service ) [nageTogeTAkan'TI enaHedIm∫Ibg˙ajCaKMrU˘˘˘.

eBlenaHmankarepIÌlrMeCIbrMCYl raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Ca

GgkarCanrNa ?

166

e®kamenA®suk®takUvQUrqrcg'eXIjmuxG~k®KUCaÂsI†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam . cMENkyYnCaeyokmijmankarcab'GarmµNm _ kBIva®tUvkarÂsI†Exµrkmı¨Ca e®kamrebobenHCayUrehIy . cugExF~Ëq~S1946 kgT&BCMnYyExµr®bcSb"usg †i_ a"V rt'cakecjBIbnÊayCi tGs'˘˘˘ {kasmkdl'y"agenH yYnevotmijsʨHsÊae®kakeLIgkMeTcVrSgsar CafIµ . dUcenAyb'´f©TI31-12-46 evotmijcab'B&TÏvaykMeTcb"us†g i_ a"V . cMENkyYnG~krdΩkarnigG~klk'dUr vacat'kMeTces∫øgGaharecalTSgGs' rYcva®bmUlK~aeTArYm´dCamYyevotmijP¬am . dUec~HenA´f©TI4-1-47 nayEsh√b"us†C i_ atiVrSgGayu®bEhl33q~S ma nG~kenAe®kambgab'TI1CaCatiyYnGayu®bEhl50q~SeQµaHGugVv . G~k enAe®kambgab'TI2CaCatiExµrGayu®bEhl35q~S eQµaHKwm-saj' ®bCMuK~a sMercCabnÊan'fa®tUvEtnsK~adkfyeVHbg'b"us†ig _ a"Vecal ehIyrt'eTA kan'TIrYmext†®tavij Edlmancm©ayCag37K˘m˘ . e®JHb"us†g i_ a"V®tUvevotmi jkat'p†ac'karTak'Tg TSgBt·man TSges∫øgGahar TSg®Kab'rMesv . k~¨g ®KaGasn~enaH elakG~kEdlb†Ërs¬ab'rs'rt'tamVrSgKW – GugVv, Kwm-sa j', ®KUbe®gonCatiExµr3nak'KW elakKwm-dak', fac'-efan nigkJÔaeTog ®Bm tSg®KYsarTahanCMnYyExµrkmı¨Cae®kamTSgcas'TSgekµg®sI®busmancMnYn2 00nak' . enAeBlenaH enAtamp¬ËveTAkan'TIrYmext†®tavij manåbs&KCae®cInnig y"agF©n' . e®JHBIb"us†V i_ "gaeTATIrYmext†®tavijmanE®BkFMbInigE®BktUcbI . edIm∫Inwgq¬gE®BknimYy@ eK®tUvkat'tamsıan . k~¨gExF~Ënigmkra TwkkMBugeCarCn'licmanCMerABI2˘50meLIgeTA TwkhUr ®tVj' «Ebkk∫alE®tg» evotmijdutbMp¬ajsıanecalexÊcxIÊGs' . enAcug sıanm≈ag@ evotmijbJÇa[bUdUyCIkreN†Abg˚b'x¬ÁnvacSlbVj'G~kdMeNIr Cae®sc . enA®Blwm´f©TI5-1-47 eBlBYkeyIgbeNI†rK~aecjBIb"us†g i_ "aV Vnc m©ay®bEhlEtmYyKILËEm"®tb"ueNˆaH k*CYbåbs&KeTAehIy KWKSgdMeNIr eTAmuxminrYc fye®kayk*minekIt e®JHmanE®BkmYyy"agFMTwkkMBughUr®t Vj'kat'p¬Ëvf~l' sıanEdlsMrab'edIrq¬gkat'E®BkenaHman®bEvg50Em"®t ®tU vbUdUyduteQIbMp¬ajexÊcenAsl'Ets~ÁEdk . eBlenaHmanT&BCMnYyExµrx¬H

GgkarCanrNa ?

167

EdlenAlIvpßge®BgedIrtams~ÁEdk k*®tUvbUdUyVj'Tm¬ak'Twk®bUg@ . enA ®KaGasn~F©n'F©ry"agenH Esh√b"usC †i_ atiVrSg elak®KUKwm-dak' nigT&BCMnY yExµrkem¬aH@cMnYn20nak' pßge®BglblUncuHk~¨gE®Bk bEN†tx¬ÁntamExß TwkhUrrYcq¬geTAkan'e®tIym≈ag cakpute®KaHf~ak'enAelIkTI1 . bn†dMeNIreTA muxeTot ! b"uEn†Gs'elakTSgLayenaH edayX¬anVypg edaye®skTwk pg k*nSK~acUleTATak'TgnwgraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamenAtamPUmidUcCa PUmi´cDI, PUmicug´®B, PUmikMBg'TUke®takCaedIm k*dUcCabeNI†rK~acUlGnÊak'rbs'bUdUy eTAvij . e®JHenAtamdgp¬Ëv evotmijbJÇa[bUdUycat'karerobcMdak'GnÊak' BYnsÊak'tamPUmiExµrtSgTIlMenA . ebIG~kePosx¬ÁnTSgLayenaHedIrcUlrk sMuVyTwk ®tUvbUdUyVj'sm¬ab'ecalP¬am . dUec~H®kumenaH®tUvbUdUyVj' sm¬ab'ecalCahUrEhr . luHmkdl'®kug®tavij sl'enArs'EtEsh√b"us†i_ CatiVrSgnigelak®KUKwm-dak'BIrnak'b"ueNˆaH . cMENkG~kePosx¬ÁnEdl Cab'kunenAmat'E®BkTI1enaH ®tUvevotmijcab'cgEP~kcg´d beNI†rnSeTAkan' mat'Ten¬xaglicPUmiebneyO . evotmijecjbJÇa[TahanCMnYyExµrkmı¨Ca e®kamQrmYy®kum@CamYy®bBnÏkUncMnYn150nak' TSgcMNgenAEP~knig´d rYcvarHmI´®tEy"tmke®sacelICnGP&B√TSgenaHs¬ab'y"agGaeNacGFmCaTI bMput . cMENkGugVv nigKwm-saj' vabgab'[CIkreN†Ax¬Án‰glµmGg¨y ®twmk rYccuHeTAGg¨yk~¨greN†AenaH [bUdUysm¬ab'ecalexµack~¨greN†Abg˙a jsaFarNCnemIledayesrI eTIbykeTAbJç¨H4´f©e®kay .

kMENnevotmij enAeBl®Blwm´n´f©TI6-1-47 bUdUycab'elak®KUfac'-efan nigG~k®KU eTogcgEP~kCiterog@x¬Án ehIycg´dG~kTSgBIrk~¨gcMNgEtmYy nSyk eTAkan'PUmiebneyOvij . mkdl'PUmiebneyO elakfac'-EknG~ksµ&®Kcit†bMerIevotmijCayUrmk ehIy@Edl®tUvCa“Bukekµkelak®KUfac'-efan VnsMuFanakUn®bsarKat'bM EbkecjBIG~k®KUeTogVt'eTA˘˘˘. rI‰nagkJÔaeTog®tUvevotmijbg≈SgTukTSg EP~kCab'cMNgenAkEn¬gmYy . 11´f©e®kaymk KWenAeBl®Blwm´n´f©TI17 -1-47 nageTogdwgfa manmnusßm~ak'cUlmk®saycMNgecjBIEP~k . cMNgrebIk nageXIjmnusßm~ak'CatiyYn maDsmxıs' sk'rYjGgadI man

GgkarCanrNa ?

168

Gayu®bEhl32q~S . bursenHbeNI†rnageTog (´dnigEP~k®saycMNg Gs'ehIy) kat'valE®sFMl√wgelI√yq©aydac'knʨyEP~k . enAtamp¬ËveKeXI jEtexµackMbutk∫al˘˘˘. KYr[tk's¬¨tx¬SgNas'eTAeTot bnÊab'BIVnBinit¥ sMelokbMJk'rbs'exµacmk eKdwgfaexµacTSgenaHCaExµrTSgGs' . nageTo g®salx¬ÁndUcsMLI GarmµNE_ lgenAnwgx¬ÁneTAehIy eTaHeCIgCMBb'nwgdMu fµhUrQamy"agNak*ElgQWcab'GI√eTAehIy . nagyk´dsÊabk∫alm†g @ehIyKitfa – « { ! k∫alxM∆¨muxCadac'ecalCamYynwgeKenATIenHEdr…y"ag Na ? » . em"ag®bEhl12, emevotmijenHk*Ebre®kaymk®Vb'nageTogfa – enHKWPUmibwg ! . kJÔaP∆ak'ehIylan'mat'fa˘˘{ ! . e®JHnagdwgfa – cab'BI PUmibwgenHeTA enAxagekItKWPUmi´cDI rYcehIyKWPUmiEs¬g bnÊab'eTAKWPUmicug ´®BEdlCa®sukkMeNIt . ®bEhlenAem"ag1resol yYnd*Gaf·kMVMgenH nSnageTogcUleTAkan'xÊms¬wkmYysiƒtenAe®kayvt†´cDI EdlmaneKerobcM VyTwkcSTTYlrYcCae®sc . G~kTSgBIrbriePaKTl'muxK~a . eTaHP&yVrm∏ y"agNak*eday enAeBlenaHkJÔaGayu19q~SelbVyCamYynwgxbg˚g elIkecjBIq~SgP¬am@ y"agek†Anigy"agq©aj'Bisar˘˘˘. nageTogdwgfaevot mijenHlbemIlmuxnagm†g@y"agykcit†Tukdak' .

luHbriePaKGaharcb'

sB√®Kb'ehIykalNa evotmijk*niyaymkkan'nageTogfa – smmit†eTo gmanÚkJrs¬Ët®tg'Nas' Kµankll∫icGI√eT etImit†sal'xM∆¨…eT ? nag eTog®KvIk∫albg˙ajkayvikarfa – eT . yYnenHk*bn†eTAeTotfa – xM∆¨eQµaH pam-va"n'sIuv CaemKijsm©at'Qan mux®bcS®suk®takUv . GgkarelI ( Câp Trên ) bJÇa[xM∆¨cUlb"usc †i_ ab'smmit† ‰gCae®cInelIk b"uEn†minVnsMerc . dUec~HcMeJH®Bwti†karN´_ f©TI5-1-47 xM∆¨Vncat'Ecg®Vb'eK[karJrsmmit†Camun ehtudUec~HehIyVnCaeKmin sm¬ab'smmit† . GgkarelInwgGb'rMsmmit†[CYyefI√karrdΩaPiVlrMedaHCati . smmit†VnrYcCIvitenH edaysarEtGgkarelI˘˘˘˘ dUec~Hsmmit†®tUvEtdwgKu NGgkarelI . ≤LËvcUrsmmit†elIk´ds†SscçaedayesµaH®tg' ehIyeqI¬y nwgsMnYrEdlGgkarelIdak'Tismk[xM∆¨sYr – « ehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCasmmit†rt'tamVrSg ? » . « xM∆¨minEmnrt'tamVrSgeT, xM∆¨®tUvCiHkg'tamp¬ËvenHeTApÊHrbs'xM∆¨enAXMu ePOkhwug .

xM∆¨minGacq¬gE®Bkd*FMenHVneT e®JHsıanVneqHGs'rlIg

GgkarCanrNa ?

169

eTAehIy . enAeBlEdlxM∆¨kMBugEtsʨHsÊarrkmeF¥aVyq¬gE®Bk ®sab'Et BYkePosx¬ÁnGs'TSgenaHmkdl'®sbp¬ËvK~aCamYyxM∆¨Etm†geTA » . « etIsmmit†eTogsal'nrNaCamit† nrNaCas®tUveT ? » . eBlenaHkJÔaeTogGg¨yKity"agyUreTIbnageqI¬yfa – « evotNamnigExµrCamit† CaBiessdUcbgdUcbÌËn e®JHeyIgmanedImkM eNItk~¨g≤NÎËcinCamYyK~a xusK~aEtPasab"ueNˆaH . s®tUvrbs'eyIgKWVrS g e®JHBYkenHcUlmkQ¬anJn®beTseyIg » . « etIsmmit†sµ&®Kcit†lHbg'®KYsarcUlbMerIrbbrYm cUlbMerIrdΩaPiVlrMedaHCati…eT ? » . « xM∆¨Esnsµ&®Kcit† ! » . G~kTSgBIrnak'esIcedaye®tkGr nigeBjcit†erogx¬Án . b"uEn†esckI†e®t kGrenaHmanKMnitepßg@K~a®sLH . pam-va"n'sIuve®tkGre®JHrYcCIvit ´f© NamYyman{kasnagnwgrt'cUlxagVrSgvij . yb'enaH pam-va"n'sIuvk* CUnnageTogeTAkan'PUmiePOkhwug edIm∫ICYb“Bukm†aynagvij . ´f©TI18-1-47em"ag2Ga®Fat eyIgTSgBIrnak'VneTAdl'muxpÊH . Et ! T√arrbgecjcUl®tUvsÊHbiTCit˘˘˘ e®JHk~¨gkal:eTs:enaH Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam Edlnwk@eTAKYr[GasUr ®tUvVnVrSgrt'ecalm†geTot . ExµrGP&B√TSgenaH k*nSK~akab'ÚsßIbn¬aeFI√sMras'T√arrbgy"agmS edayP&ytk's¬¨tx¬acecarevot mijmkeFI√Vb˘˘˘. eyIgTSgBIrnak'QrerraenAelIf~l'cm©ay®bEhl30Em"®tBIpÊH . nag eTogk*E®skehA“BuktambJÇarbs'pam-va"n'sIuv˘˘˘ ehAehIyehAeTot Et KµancemI¬y˘˘˘ mYy®sbk'®sab'EteXIjePI¬gceg˚øgenAk~¨gpÊH . nageToge®t kGrNas'k*E®skehAm†geTot . yay-tae®tkGrNas'edaysal'sem¬ gkUn®sI . Kat'mkCitT√arrbgpÊH ehIyk*sYrbJÇak'Gs'kicçkary"agyUrTMrS nwgebIkT√arrbg[eyIgTSgBIr .yaytaniyay®Vb'eyIgfa Kat'lg'lk' k~¨gdMeNk minVnæsem¬geKehAKat'P¬am@eT edaymkBIkarGt'gguyGs' eBlCae®cInyb'mkehIy k~¨gkarrukrknigesaks†aykUn®sI . enA´f©dEdl eBlVy®BwkrYc pam-va"n'sIuv

®bkasebIkGg®bCMumYy

y"agåLarikenAPUmicug´®BkEn¬gTIlanTat'Vl' . pam-va"n'sIuveXasnaBn¥l'EvkEjkFanaGHGagkarJrCIvitExµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlmanTIlMenAenAXMu ePOkhwugenH . Kat'bJÇak'fa

GgkarelIcab'epI†mbJÇËnP~ak'garfIµ

EdlVn

GgkarCanrNa ?

170

TTYlkarGb'rMy"ag®twm®tUv TTYlsal'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamCamit† CabgbÌËn eyIg ®tUvrYbrYmsamKIK~akMeTcedjVrSgCas®tUvrYm p¬as'cUlmkdwknSbgbÌËnsmmit†CMnYsP~ak'garBImun . pam-va"n'sIuvkan'sµanageTogbg˙ajdl'Gg®bCMuehIyniyayEf¬gfa – smmit†eTogBIedImF¬ab'VneFI√karbMerIVrSg Et≤LËvenHsmmit†eTogVnP∆ak' rlwksµ&®Kcit†cUlbMerIrbbrYmvijehIy GgkarelIk*elIkElgeTas[smmit†eTogP¬am . rdΩaPiVlrMedaHCatiecj®bkaselIkElgQb'®bkan'eTas bgbÌËnExµrcab'tSgBIeBlenHeTA . cMENkP~ak'garevotmijBImunenaHmankMhusF©n'Nas' ≤LËvenHGgkarelI®bmUlnSykeTA «lt'dM» TukCaKMrU . sU msmmit†TSgGs'Qb'P&yrt'eKcteTAeTot

sMurkßaesckI†s©b'es©øm cUr

ecj®bkbkargarterogeTA e®JH®tUvrdUv®cUtmkdl'ehIy˘˘. ebImit†@mankar GI√KYr[esAhµg cUrmkraykarN®_ Vb'smmit†eTogenHcuH smmit†eTogGac JMnaMJk¥rbs'smmit†TSgGs'eTAdl'xM∆¨ xM∆¨nwgedaH®sayCUnP¬am . cab'tSg BI´f©enHeTA xM∆¨GnuJÔat[smmit†eTogecjcUlCYbxM∆¨Vn®Kb'eBlevla . niyayrYcehIy pam-va"n'sIuvelIk´ds†STHsµanageTog®BmTSgsYrbJÇak'fa «etIsmmit†yl'®BmeT?» . nageToggk'k∫alyl'®BmCMnYscemI¬y . mun nwglaecjBInageTogeTA pam-va"n'sIuvVncuHhtƒelxaelI®kdas'mYysn¬w ktUc rYchuc[nag®BmTSgniyayxßib@eTAkan'nagfa – G~kNakan'lixit enH KWCaP~ak'garKijsm©at'Biess (Trinh xat giên)) . ebIcg'CYbxM∆¨ ®Kan'Etb g˙ajlixitenHdl'G~knSp¬Ëv (giao thon)) eTA eKnwgnSsmmit†eTACYbxM∆¨P¬am . luHpam-va"n'sIuvlaecjputeTA nageTogBinit¥emIllixitenaH

mansresr

elx 36X nigGkßrbIbYnm"at'eTotCaJk¥kat'sJÔasMKal' EdlnageTogmin yl'famann&yy"agem"ceT . tSgBI´f©enaHmk nageTogmankatB√kicçcSVc'bMput KW®tUvCYbpam-va"n'sIuv Cas©at'bMput edIm∫IeFI√esckI†raykarN_ m†gk~¨gmYyEx . nageTog®tUvedIrm†g @cm©ayy"agtic20K˘m˘ edIm∫IeTACYbemKijsm©at'enH . kEn¬gEdlCYbnig G~knSp¬Ëv®tUvb†ËrCaerogral'eBl edayedIrtamekµg@ EdlmanGayuy"age®cIn 13q~S EdlCaG~knSp¬Ëv . eBlCYbK~am†g@ pam-va"n'sIuvCCIkedjedalsYr nageTogBIGakb∫kiriyarbs'ExµrenAXMu ePOkhwug enH . dUec~HCIvitExµrkmı¨Cae®kamenAXMuePOkhwug siƒtenAk~¨gkN†ab'´dnageTog ehIyCIvitnageTogk*siƒtenAk~¨gkN†ab'´dExµrTSgenaHEdr .

e®JHåbmafa

GgkarCanrNa ?

171

enAeVlenaHnageTogniyay®Vb'emKijfa ExµrenHeTog®tg'nwgvaeT EtenA ´f©e®kay G~kenaHE®bCak∫t'vaeTAvij nageTog®tUvCab'ecaTBIbTXb'Xitsfl˜u ®KlMuCamYyG~kenaH etInageTog®tUveFI√dUcem†c ? nageTog®tUvEts¬ab' ! . eda y≤ttk's¬¨tx√l'x√aycMeJHerOgenH nageTogk*Gg√r“Buk sMurt'cakecjBITI enaH . b"uEn†taKwm-vNˆ: Ca“BukxMBn¥l'kUn®sICae®cIn ehIyenATIbJçb'Kat' niyayfa – «ebIkUnrt'rYcm~ak' ®KYsareyIgTSgGs'®tUvs¬ab'!» . enA´f©TI27-1-47 nageTogVnTTYlsMbu®tBI®ksYgGb'rM edIm∫IehA[cU leronsalaKruekasl¥tamrebobfIµ EdlsiƒtenAPUmi Vk'®tag . ry:eeBl Edl®tUveronmancMnYn1ExKt' TSgyb'TSg´f© . rYcehIyvabJÇËnnagmkeFI√®KUbe®gonenAsalabzmsikßak~¨gXMuePOkhwu g vt†®bTkßsilanie®KaFvij . muxviCÇaEdl®tUvbe®gonKWPasaExµr-yYndl' kUnsisßCatiExµr. ®Vk'ExEdlevotmijebIk[mancMnYn10$ bUkrYmTSgGg˚r 20lI®t nigGMbil1lI®t . luHdl'ExåsPa1947 evotmijecjbJÇaCafIµ [nagbe®gonEteBl®Bwk, eBll©ac®tUvecjCYyeXasnaCamYyP~ak'gar eXasnaQanmux . eBlenaHCaeBlEdlmane®KaHf~ak'y"agF©n'mYyelIkeTot . e®JHenA eBlyb' ®tUveTAeXasnaBn¥l'raÂs†ExµrEdlmanTIlMenAenAEk∫rb"us†V i_ rS g[rt'fyecj[Gs' . edIm∫IqıinEP~kExµrkmı¨Cae®kam[eKarBnigeCOnUvX¬a « mit†PaBExµr-yYnlav » faminEmnCakareVk®Vs', enAeBlenaHKWk~¨gq~S1947 evotmijk~¨g ext†®tavijsMrSge®CIserIsVnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamCaG~kecHdwg edIm∫Icat'Etg tSgeTAtam®ksYgnanadUcCa – - ®ksYgeXasnakar – vadak'elakswn-ePOkrdΩ CaGtItemFavI, elak LS-´f ( Cabg´f¬rbs'elaksWg-g"ukfaj' ) nigelaksWn-g"ukePOk . - ®ksYgsni†sux «Kij» vacat'EtgtSgelak sWg-g"uksYr nigG~k®sI pak . - ®ksYgGb'rMnigsikßaFikar vacat'EtgtSgelakfac'-efan, Gacar¥Eck nignagkJÔaeTogCa®KUbe®gonkUnsisßCatiExµr be®gonmuxviCÇaPasaExµr-yY n. ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

172

enAeBlenaHmanyYnm~ak'eQµaH eg√øg-yMuagemog ehAGacar¥emon lYc bn¬Mdak'eQµaHCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam swg-g"ukmij ehIyPrbEnƒmfaCabÌËnrbs' sWg-g"ukfaj' . EtExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kamsal'Gacar¥emonc∫as'Nas' . mnusßenHman edImkMeNItCayYnsuTÏ Edl®tUvevotmijcat'EtgtSg ehIybJÇËn[eTAbYs eronenAraCFanIP~MeBj sMNak'enAvt†esamePOk . elaksgÙEk¬gk¬ayenH xMe®kbCJÇk'eronxagEp~kBuTÏsasnarebobExµr xMeronerobÚkJreTAtamTMenomTMlab'nig®b´BNIExµr . enAq~S1947 eg√øg-yuSgemog k*®tUvevotmij ekaHehA[cUleTAkmı¨Cae®kamvij ®Kvat's∫g'cIBrecal ehIyk*cUlbMerI bkßkmµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin Ca®bFanEp~kxagExµr « génial » . enAkmı¨Cae®kamCMnan'enaH evotkugEtgEtbegI˚tbuN¥saFarN:C CaerOy @ vacat'CagKMnUr[KUrrUb®sI®kmMuyYnd*ekµgm~ak'eQµaH eL-FIFij ekokkkJÔa eTogedaydak'cMNgeCIgfa – mit†PaByYn-Exµr . enA®Kb'BiFIbuN¥saFar N:eeKEtgEteXIjrUbKMnUrCanicç . Extulaq~S1947 evotmijbegI˚tKN:k kmµkarsm©at'nigBiessmYy e®CI serIsyuvCnnigyuvnarIyYn-Exµr EdlmanGayue®kam20q~S edIm∫IbJÇËneTA kmı¨CakN†al . Ete®kaymkvab†ËrEpnkaredayerobcMyuvCn-yuvnarITSg enaH [eTAeFI√kmµsikßaenAeb"kSgeTAvij . CMnan'TI1 manebk≈CncMnYn29nak' KW – - Ep~kxagyYnmanyuvCncMnYn21nak' yuvnarIcMnYn2nak'eQµaH eL-FI sg nigeg√øg-FIhYg . - Ep~kxagExµrmanyuvCncMnYn5nak' yuvnarIm~ak'KWkJÔaeTog . munnwgecjdMeNIreTAeb"kSg ebk≈CnTSgenaH®tUvcUleronsalaneya VyCan'mF¥mEdlbegI˚teLIgedayevotmijenAPUmibwg, ®suk®takUv . ry: eBleronk~¨gsalaenHmancMnYn4ExKt' KWcab'epI†menA´f©1-11-47 cb'enA ´f©28-2-48 . ®bFanFMenAk~¨gsalaneyaVyenHeQµaHeg√øg-va"n'Tij ma nsJÇatiCayYn´®BnKr . ®KUbe®gonman3nak'CaCatiyYnhaNUy . kmµviFIsikßaCadMbUg KWvaniyay®cMEdl@[ebk≈CnTSgGs'enaHsal' krNiykicçrbs'BlrdΩ[Vnc∫as'las' . åTahrN_ – ebIeyIgCaExµr eyIg®tUvEtecH®sLaj'nigkarJrGI√EdlCaExµr . Caerogral'eBl enAmuneBlVy®Bwk-l©ac ebk≈CnTSgGs'®tUvEtecH

GgkarCanrNa ?

173

sYrnigecHeqI¬y . - etInrNaCamit† ? - yYn-Exµr-lav . - etInrNaCas®tUv ? - VrSg nigCb"un . elak®KUsU®temeronbn†eTAeTotfa – edIm∫InwgkMeTcxµSgVn eyIg®tUv manbkßCaG~kdwknS . e®JHehtuenHehIyVnCaGMuhU EdlCamnusßTI1 sM ercbegI˚tbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin . GMuhUmanbMNgEtmYyKt' KWb®gYbb®gYm ®bCaCnTSg3´nåbTI√b≤NÎËcin [k¬ayeTACaCatiEtmYy nwgGacVneTACa km¬SgGmt: . dUec~HeyIg (yYn-Exµr-lav) ®tUvEteFI√BlikmµlHbg'Em"“ bg bÌËn lHbg'kicçkar‰kCn eyIg®tUvEtKitCanicçnUv®beyaCnr_ Ymrbs'bkß . Ca Biess eyIg®tUvQb'®bkan'BUCsasn_ KWeyIg®tUverobkarbI†®bBnÏCamYyK~a cab'BIeBlenHeTA˘˘˘. cab'BIeBl≤LËvenHeTA “BukrYmrbs'eyIgmanEtmYyKt' KWGMuhU˘˘˘

❑

❑ ❑

edIm∫IsMercnUvKMeragEpnkard*elaPln'enH yYnhaNUyEdlmanhUCImijCaemdwknS k*dak'Tisy"agrevIrvayedaye®KagbJÇËnyuvCnExµrcMnYn mYymWunnak' (®bus5Jn'-®sI5Jn') nigyuvCnCatiyYncMnYn2mWunnak' (®bus 1mWun-®sI1mWun) nSykeTAGb'rMenAeb"kSg . eBlevlaeTAeronsU®tenAmin Tan'kMNt'enAeLIyeT . EtenAeBlenaHeKbJÇak'fa kalNaebk≈CnTSg4 mWunnak'enHeronecHcb' eKnwg®tUvvil®tLb'mk≤NÎËcinvij ehIycMeJHyYn haNUy eKsni~dΩanCamune®sceTAehIyfa KWBYkGs'enHehIyEdlCaGnaKtG~kdwknSbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËciny"agExgErg EdlmanGMuhUCa®bFan. rI‰rdΩFanIfIµeKbMrugsƒabnaeLIgenA®tg'PUmicMBuHTa . « yuvCnExµrniglav ®tUv EterobkarCamYyyuvCnCatiyYnCadac'xat ! » . etIehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCayYnhaNUybg≈MExµrExµrniglav [erobkarbI†

GgkarCanrNa ?

174

®bBnÏCamYysasny _ Yn ? KMnityYnhaNUy®kLic®kL¨cCanicç . eKe®bobKMnitBYkvaenHeTAnwg mnusßEdlxMGEgÌlx~geKaedIm∫IykmkbJçËlnwm ! . e®JHBYkvadwgfa kUn EdlekItmkBI“Bukm†ayCatiyYn vanwgniyayPasayYn ®bkan'TMenomTMla b'p~t'KMnitrebobyYn dUec~HCas√&y®bvti†G~kEdlekItenAtMNe®kay muxEt k¬ayeTACayYny"ag®sYlminVc'xM˘˘˘. cMeJHmtisklelak ®beTsExµr lav enAEtExµr lav EtenAxagk~¨g®beTs suTÏEtmanQamC&rCaCatiyYn niyayPasayYn . edaysarExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kamyl'eXIjEbbenHehIy VnCa“Bukm†ay EtgEthamkUn®bus®sImin[erobkarCamYyyYnCadac'xat .

❑

❑ ❑

eBlnageTogeroncb'salaneyaVyCan'mF¥m evotmij®VrB√eFI√BiFI bJçb'vKsikßa . vabJÇa[mansunÊrkfabJÇak'karrwtcMNgmit†PaByYn-Exµr CaPasaTSgBIrsasn_ EdlmankJÔaeTogCaG~ktak'EtgnigeLIgEf¬gsunÊr kfaCaPasaExµr . enAeBlbJçb'BiFIbuN¥ ebk≈Cn®Kb'@rUb®tUvEteLIgelI evTika rYcelIk´ds†Scg̨lemXeFI√scça®bNiFan – -TI1 – ®tUvdwgKuN eKarBnigesµaH®tg'cMeJHGMuhU . -TI2 – ®tUvB®gwgeKalCMhrKit®beyaCnr_ Ymbkß . -TI3 – ®tUvecHlak'karNG _ af·kMVMgTSgGs' EdlVneronsU®tecHdwg BIsalaneyaVyenH . luHcb'BiFIbJçb'vKsikßaenHehIy manebIkGg®bCMumYyCasm©at'P¬am edIm∫Ip¬as'eQµaHebk≈CnTSgGs' . eBlenaHpam-va"n'sIuv k*enATIenaHEdr . emKijsm©at'nigBiessenH e®kakeLIg®bkasdak'eQµaHnagkJÔaKim-FI GflUy CaVeTog EdlE®becjBIPasayYnmkfa «eTvta» . karb†ËreQµaHenH yYnevotmijEtgEteFI√CaerogrhUtmk . åTahrNe_ nA q~S1953 saL¨t-srVncUlmkbMerIbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin

egÿg-yuSg-

GgkarCanrNa ?

175

emog …Gacar¥emon …sWg-g"ukmij k*dUreQµaHCnenaHfa b"ul-Bt Edls kelakTSgmUlsal' rYcehIyenAeBlfIµ@enH b"ul-Bt k*Vnp¬as'eQµaH eTACa «lµ¨t» rYceTAehIy . eyIgnwgtamemIlteTAeTotfa

ebIlµ¨tminTan'dl'eBleKsm¬ab'eT

eQµaHenHnwgc∫as'CanwgdUreTACasIÌmYyeTotCaminxan .l.

❑

❑ ❑

enAyb'´f©TI28-2-48 evotmijerobcMBiFICb'elogmYyd*åLarik edIm∫I CUndMeNIrebk≈CnTSg29nak' eTAeronenAeb"kSgCaelIkTI1 . eBlTTYlTa nePaCnaharmkdl' pS-yuSgeGog yYnhaNUyGayu25q~S Ca®KUbg˙at'sa laneyaVyenH cab'epI†meFI√sMnYredIm∫IbMP¬WnUvEpnkarFM@x¬HnigCasm©at'bMput . yYneGogsYrta®bFan eg√øg-va"n'Tijfa – « dMNak'karCadMbUgrbs'bkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin EdlGMuhUVnbegI˚t mkehIyenH KW®tUvkMeTcski†PUminigc®kBti† . etIeyIg®tUvedaH®saydUcem† ccMeJHraCaNac®kkmı¨Caniglav Edlmanes†c®Kb'®Kg ? » . taTije®kakQreLIg jjwm®BmTSgEvkEjkBn¥l'fa – « Vk'hU (Jk¥yYnE®bfaGMuhU) manEpnkare®KagTukrYcCae®sc . enH Cakarsm©at'mYyEdlxM∆¨eTIbnwgVnc∫ab'Bn¥l'G~kTSgGs'enAeBlenH . Vk'hUe®KagbegI˚tExµrfIµ lavfIµ nSykeTACMnYsExµrniglavenAk~¨g®sukTSg Gs' . G~kTSg29nak'enHCaåTahrN®_ sab' KWCaGnaKtemdwknS≤NÎËcin fIµ m"¥ageTotVk'hUmancat'bJÇËnbUdUy[cUleTAkan'kmı¨Ca tSgmUldΩanJseBj´®B rYcehIytSgBIq~S1945mkem"¬H edayeyIgykelsfa CYyExµr vaykMeTcedjVrSg . eq¬øt{kasd*lÌenH bUdUyGacmaneBleronsU®t[ sal'PUmisaÂs†´n®beTsExµr[Vn®Kb'®Cuge®Cay . cMENk‰P~ak'garcit† saÂs†k*xMeronsU®t[sal'cit†KMnit crik CaBiesscMNucexßayrbs'®bCa CnExµr[Vnc∫as'las' . ®bCaCnExµrEdlenAcugkat'mat'jk G~kE®scMkarEdlenAq©aydac'®s-

GgkarCanrNa ?

176

yal G~k´®BP~M CaBiess®kumecar´®B KWBYkTSgGs'enaHehIy EdlCaG~k rge®KaHedaysarGMeBIGyuti†Fm·bN†almkBIkarCiHCan'rbs'raCkarBukrlYynignamWunsIusMNUk . kalebIP~ak'garcarkicçrbs'eyIg[dMNwg®Vb'TIkEn¬gehIy eyIgnwg bJÇËnP~ak'garcit†saÂs†eTABn¥l'rMedaHykBYkenaHmkP¬am . KWeyIg®tUvcUl eTAj¨Hjg'edIm∫IGnuvt†tameX¬agX¬arbs'Vk'hU«bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg» rYcehIyeyIgnwgeq¬øtbMJk'nUveKalCMhrlTiÏkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinEdlsÌat sÌM Edlyuti†Fm· EdlxMrkesrIPaB[®bCaCn®kI®kEdl®tUveKemIlgay . enAtamTI®kug eyIgVnbJÇËncarbursnigcarnarI EdlmankarGb'rMy"ag®twm ®tUvhµt'ct' mantSgBIdukT&r, GSehß∆j&r, Gg'®tW®bWn&r, G~kraCkar, Tahan, G~k lk'dUr, CagCYsCulLan, G~kb"Hkg' nigG~klk'®tICaedIm . carbursnigcar narITSgenaHxMeronsU®t[sal'®Kb'cMNucexßayrbs'®bCaBlrdΩExµrenA®K b'mCŒdΩan . eyIg®tUvecHGt'Fµt' QanmYyCMhanm†g@eday®bug®by&t~ rg' cS{kaslÌswmeyIgkMeTctamcMNucexßayTSgLayenaH˘˘˘ eyIg®tUvEt lakkarNe_ nH[VnCitCadrab . sB√´f©enH bIExm†g mit†@rbs'eyIgray karNm _ kbkßCaeTogTat' . lTÏplVnmkCaTIKab'cit† KWKµankarGI√KYr[®BY yVrm∏eT ! » . taTijbn†eTAeTotfa – « s®tUvTI1rbs'eyIgKWVrSgEdlmanGavuFd*x¬Sgk¬a EtVrSgnSGavuFTS genaHmk[eyIgkarJr®beTseTetI ! . bUdUyenAEtmanlTÏPaBGackMeTc s®tUvVnCaerogral'eBlEdlGaceFI√eTAVn . bkßeyIgenAEtsgÙwmCa nicçfa GacdeNI†mC&yCMnHVnenA´f©NamYyxagmuxCaminxan ! . ≤LËvenH eyIg®tUvEt´llkbegI˚tExµrfIµ lavfIµbeNI†r@ . enAeBlEdleyIgQ~HGa cedjkMcat'VrSgBI≤NÎËcinVnehIy bkßrbs'eyIg®tUvEtbJçËlnKrExµr lav mkk~¨gbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin[VnTan'eBl edayminVc'cMNay GavuFnigT&BeT . b"uEn†eyIg®tUv®by&t~cMeJHExµr . eyIg®tUve®bIGavuFcit†saÂs†[x¬Sg e®JHeyIgminGacykC&yCMnHedayGavuFeTAelIkgT&BExµrVn eT . BitEmnEt®bCaBlrdΩExµrmancriks¬ËtbUt b"uEn†ebIeFI√sÂgam ExµrCamnu sßsi√ts√aj rwgbwug Fn'®TSnUvcMeJHmuxkarGt'X¬an FatuGakasek†A®tCak', eP¬øgprnigkarlMVk®Kb'Ebby"ag . dUec~HeyIg®tUvEtGnuvt†tameX¬agX¬a sMxan'@EdleyIgVneronrYcmkehIy –

GgkarCanrNa ?

177

- bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg ( Chia rê dê cai tri ) . - manbdivt†ne_ kIteLIgeTIbeCOnelOn . ( Môt lân cach man môt lam tiên hoa ) . - ®tUveFI√[sgÙwm rYcswmCYy[mansgÙwmeLIgvij . - sm¬ab'mnusßsucçrit ®besIrCagTuks®tUv[enArs' . - Q~HVn®Kb'®Kg caj'VneFI√CaesdÏI . ( an lam vua thua lam giau ) » . eBlenaHyYneGoglan'mat'fa – « dUcCa®sYleBk ! » . taTijbn†eTotfa – « eyIgsni~dΩanraÂs†ExµrsB√´f© (1947) dUckUnBEBEdlkMBugedklk' BMuEdlsal'sÂgameT, cSemIldl'eBlmansÂgampʨHeLIg Kat'muxEtela tdUc®tIk~¨g®Tug Edlrkp¬ËvecjmineXIjeLIy . cMENk‰BYkemExµrG~kdwk vij bkßeyIgmanbg˚b'G~kesIubkarN[ _ enAeFI√karCamYyehIy . ebIsÂga mrvagExµrnigeyIgbn†eTAeTot VnyUrrwtEt®besIr ! KWeyIgmaneBlnwg begI˚tExµrfIµeTACMnYs . e®JHehtuenHehIyVnCabkßcab'epI†me®CIserIs yuvCnnigyuvnarIExµr[eTAeronenAeb"kSgenH » .l. taTijniyaymkdl'®twmeNH k*®keLkmknageTognigyuvCnExµr5 nak' EdlCaebk≈CnelIkTI1 ehIyjjwmeBjcit† . - etIraÂs†ExµrKitTl'nwgeyIg… ? smmit†eL-FIsgsYr . - KµanGI√CakarBiVkeLIy . taTijeqI¬y®BmTSgeBbmat' edaybJÇak' nUvkar®bmafraÂs†ExµrCaBn'eBk, ehIybn†eTAeTotfa – « b"uEn†eyIge®bIeBlyUrbni†c edayeyIg®tUvecHe®bIkarGt'Fµt'enH‰g edIm∫Irg'cScarCnrbs'eyIg eFI√karCamYyemdwknSExµr . G~kTSgenaHmanPar kicçnwgeTAEGbGbbJç¨kbnßI edIm∫Ieq¬øte®bIkll∫iceFI√[Gs'sgÙwm rYcswm CYy[mansgÙwmvij . b"uEn†ebImanbuKlNarwgTTwgmuxmat' eyIg®tUvEtkM cat'G~kenaHecalP¬am

edIm∫IkMu[mane®KaHf~ak'

.

sm¬ab'mnusßsucrit

®besIrCagTuks®tUv[enArs' » . eBlevlakan'EtxI¬Nas'eTAehIyenAeBlenaH yYneGogeFI√sMnYrCacug e®kayeTAtaTijfa – « bkßeyIgeFI√sÂgamedjVrSg bUdUyeyIgs¬ab'y"age®cIn cMENk ®TB¥sm∫ti†®tUvrlayexÊcxIÊswgGs'rlIg . cMENkExµr eKenAsl'TSg®T-

GgkarCanrNa ?

178

B¥sm∫ti† TSg®bCaBlrdΩ . m"¥ageTotExµrCaG~kkan'BuTÏsasna nigeKarB es†c . minTMngfaeyIgGacekor®bCaBlrdΩeK[cUlbkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËci n EdlCabkß®bqSgnwges†c nigBuTÏsasnaesaH . « manbdivt†ne_ kIteLIgeTIbeCOnelOn . VnesckI†fa eyIg®tUv´lbnM¬ eFI√[Exµrmanbdivt†ne_ kIteLIge®Jg®Jt rYceTIbeyIgeq¬øtbn¬MkMeTc . bUdUyEdlenArs' F¬ab'mankarBiesaFn_ manbecçkeTsEp~ksÂgamy"ag®twm ®tUv sal'®Kb'®Cuge®Cay´n´®B®BwkßaExµr . dUec~Hmit†bg@ Gacbe®gonkar dk®sg'BiesaFnT _ SgenaHdl'mit†bÌËn@CMnan'e®kay@ . cMENkxagcit†sa Âs†k*dUec~aHEdr mit†bg@Gacdk®sg'karBiesaFnr_ bs'x¬Án mkbe®gondl' mit†bÌËn@ BIcarkicçEdleKVnsal'BIcarikTMenomTMlab'nig®b´BNIExµr . cM ENk‰®TB¥sm∫ti†vij eyIgxatbg'Gs'1PaK EteyIgGacrkmkvijVn5 PaK . KWenAeBlNa®beTsExµrmansÂgampʨHeLIg ®TB¥sm∫ti†®beTs enHKWCarbs'eyIg . Q~HVn®Kb'®Kg caj'VnCaesdIÏ . b"uEn†eyIg®tUvEt lak'mux[CitedaybeJçjExµrfIµCMnYseyIg ecosvagkMu[xusc∫ab'Gn†rCati ≤LËvenH®TB¥sm∫ti†kMuGalKit eyIgTuk[ExµrEfrkßa[eyIgsincuH . m"¥ag eTotCaerOgsm©at'bMput eyIg®tUvTak'Tg®beTs´f sMu[emdwknS´frkßaes ckI†s©b'es©øm . sMukMu[´flUk´dk~¨gbJ˙aExµrnigyYn[esaH . Vk'hUsn¥a fa eBlNakumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcinVnsMerceKalbMNgCasƒaBr Vk'hUnwg sgKuN´f[eBjcit† eday®bKl'ext†ExµrEdl´fF¬ab'Vnkan'kab'[eTA ´fvij » .l. ebk≈CnTSg29nak'EdlGg¨ys†ab'cMhmat' bJŒrcegI˚HnigcanVy Kµanyl'n&ynUvJk¥e®Jk®VC∆rbs'ta®bFaneg√øg-va"n'TijeLIy˘˘˘ Jk¥ «eb"kSg» k*eTIbEtæenAeBlenHeT . cMENkkJÔaeTogenAeBlenaH Jk¥EdltaTijfa manbJÇËnbUdUynig carburs carnarI [eTAeFI√skmµPaBenA®beTsExµrenaH nagKµaneCOTal'Et esaH . rI‰Jk¥5X¬aEdlGgkarelIkbJÇa[TenÊjcSmat'enaH nageTog TenÊjcSmat'dUcsarika EtKµanyl'n&yGI√TSgGs' . EtCag27q~Skn¬gmk ! q~S1975 yayeTogk*VnP¬kßrbbGgkarenA®sukExµr VneXIjkarsab®BY senHedaypÊal'EP~k EdleFI√[®sukExµrrlayTSg®TB¥sm∫ti† TSgCIvit®b CaCn˘˘˘ yayeTogeTIbyl'enAeBlenH !˘˘˘ cugbJçb' taTijelIk´dcg̨lnageTog .

nageToge®kakQreLIgb-

GgkarCanrNa ?

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eJçj®kdas'mYysn¬wk rYcGan[ebk≈CnTSgGs'niyaytam – « eyIgxM∆¨sUmelIk´ds†SeLIg sUmscça®bNiFanCaelIkTI2 eyIgxM∆¨ sUmlak'Gaf·kMVMgenHluH®taCIvitkß&y » . munnwgEbklaK~a yYnhaNUyeQµaHeGoge®kakQrrMlwkfa GgkarelI hamdac'xatmin[manes~haCaesrIeLIy . eBlNacb'karsikßa ebk≈Cn TSg29nak' ®tUvvilmkkan'matuPUmivij edIm∫InwgerobkarKU®skrCamYyebk≈CnyYnCadac'xat . yYneGogEf¬g®BmanteTAeTotfa – « smmit†TSgGs'VneronsU®tdwgEpnkarGaf·kMVMgTSgGs'ehIy ebI mansmmit†Nam~ak'k∫t'lYcrt'ecjBIExßry : G g  k a r e l I ® t U v E t c a t ' k a r t a m sm¬ab'luH®taEtVn ! » . ®Bwk´f©TI1-3-48 nagkJÔaeTogsMulaKNkmµkarnigmit† eFI√dMeNIreda yeCIg eTAkan'PUmicug´®BCaPUmikMeNIt edIm∫IsMula“Bukm†ay bgbÌËn edIm∫I ecjdMeNIreTAeb"kSg EdleKe®KagTukenA´f©TI3-3-48 . eBlVyl©ac mkdl' eyIgCYbCMuK~aTTYlTanGahar . nageTogmanTwkmuxs©Át Gaf·kMVMg EdleronecHcSBIsalaneyaVymk nagminhflan®Vb'nrNaeLIy . nag eTognwkeXIjeLIgvijnUvGnusßavrIyc _ as'@TSgb"unµan kalBInagenAtUcF¬a b'Vntam“BukeTAvt† . nagecHsU®tFm·f√aybgM®BHcSmat'tSgBIGayu6-7 q~S . nagnwkeXIjenA´f©mYyenaH eBlEdltam“BukeTAvt† VneXIjkUn sisßelak®bus@GansaÂs†asw¬krwt – erOgecA®sTbeck EdleFI√[nag Gg¨ys†ab'y"agCk'cit† . nagcg'GandUceKEdr . enAeBlenaHnagk*cUleTA f√aybgMelak®KUsgÙraC®BHnam raC sYrfaetIeFI√y"agem†ceTIbGansaÂs†a enHekIt ? ®BH®KUsgÛraC®Tg'®BHsMrYl rYcehIy®BHGg®Tg'mansgÙdIkar fa eK®tUveron k x n ema sin etInagcg'eron…eT ? . - xM∆¨®BHkruNacg'eron, nageTogeqI¬yKµanraErk . ®BH®KU®Tg'P∆ak'edayæcemI¬yenH e®JHtSgBIedImmk minEdlmannarI Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamNaeronGkßreT . ®BH®KUk*mansgÙdIkarsYreyabl'eTAta Kim-vNˆ:Ca“Buk . Kat'mancit†e®tkGrCa´®kElg k*sMerc®beKnkUn®sICa kUnsisßelak®KUsgÙraC . nageTogkat'sk'Lu¨gsugbn¬MeFI√®bus edIm∫IsMrYlkarcUleron . k~¨g ry:eBlmYyq~SKt' nageTogeronecHGan ecHsresr ecHeFI√elxnB√nÏ .

GgkarCanrNa ?

180

elak®KUTteXIjdUec~Hk*bJÇËn[nageTAeronenAsalardΩ teTAeTotk~¨gq~S 1938 . enAq~S1940 nag®bLgcUleronsalabzmsikßa≤NÎËcin-VrSgCab' Vnelx2 . yayeLIyCam†aymankg√l'®Kb'cMBUk Kat'k*cg'[nagQb'eron Et“Bu kminyl'®Bmedayp†Ërp†ac'®tUvEtbJÇËnkUn®sIeTA®tavij edIm∫Ibn†karsikßa Edlmancm©ay20K˘m˘BITIlMenA KWq©ayEsnq©ayenAeBlenaH . dUec~HenA q~SenaH nageTog®tUvEtcakecjBI“Bukm†ayedIm∫Ibn†karsikßa . CadMbUg kUn sisßk~¨gf~ak'CamYyK~asµanfayayeTogCa®bus˘˘˘ EtKYr[q©l'Edr e®JHma neQµaHCa®sI . e®kaymkyUrbni†ceTIbnageToges¬økJk'nigTuksk'Evg et∫øteTAe®kayCa®sIeTAvij .l. cMENkG~k®sukCitxagnigjatisar elahitx¬H@ lYceBb®Caysm¬k'sm¬wg®KYsartaKwm-vNˆ: EdlbeN†ay [kUn®sI®kmMueronsU®ty"agenH . m†aynageTogsMrk'TwkEP~kCajwkjab' eday®TSminVncMeJHJk¥edomdamnig®bmafBIsMNak'G~kpgTSgBYg . Et“Buknagminrvl'cMeJHerOgenHeT Kat'EfmTSgCYl®KUyYnmkbe®gonPasadl'kUn®sIKat'enA®Kb'eBlvisßmkaleTotpg . lTÏplVnsMerc edayKat'eXIjkUn®sIVnecjeFI√®KUbe®gonenAq~S1946 .l. erobEbkK~aenH nageTognwkeXIjGnusßavrIyd _ *CUrct' . nagnwkGaNit “Bukm†aynagx¬SgeBk BIe®JH“Buknagcg'[nageronecHdwg eTIbnag®tUv ®Jt'ecjBI®KYsarq©ayEsnq©ay ®BmTSgKµansgÙwmCYbK~avijeT . bN†a BIGs'sgÙwm nagk*{b“BukyMehIyyMeTot . eBlenaHnagdwgfa“Buknag k*twg®TUgcMeJHnagEdr . Kat'Camnusßnwgnr niyaytic b"uEn†mann&yTUlM TUlay . Kat'sJÇwgKitmYysnʨH eTIbKat'niyaylYgelamkUn®sIrbs' Kat'fa – GaeTogeGIy, kMuekItTuk≈GI eBlNakUneronecHcb' kUnnwgvil®tL b'mkCYb“vijeTetI ! . edayGaNit“Bukx¬SgeBk

nagkJÔaeTogk*E®skyMreg√gsflugeP¬cKit

dl'Jk¥®Bmanrbs'taeg√øg-va"n'Tij nigyYnpS-va"n'eGog k*P¬at'mat'f©Ërfa – « { ! “eGIy ! eBlcb'kmµsikßa xM∆¨minGacmkCYbEm"“bgbÌËneLIy Ca BiessxM∆¨®tUverobkarKU®skrCamYyyYnCadac'xat . erOgelakekog-≤ÂnÊ CaKUdN†wgrbs'xM∆¨enaH ®tUvpÌakQb'Et®twmenHcuH » . æJk¥erobkarKU®skrCamYyyYnP¬am dUckSePI¬gFMVj'cMk∫al ®Kb'@K~a

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Em"“ bgbÌËn jatisarelahit®CYl®cbl' k†ab'´d xSeFµj mankMhwgCay"a gx¬Sg cMeJHc∫ab'yYnevotmijEdlecjbg≈MminTMngy"agenH . dUec~H®KYsa rtaKwm-vNˆ:k*sMerccit†CabnÊan'fa ®tUvEtbJÇËnnageTogecjBI «EdndIrMedaH» cUleTAkan'TI®kug®tavij EdlmanrdΩkarVrSg®Kb'®Kg .

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kareKcecjBIkN†ab'´devotmij

em"ag®bEhl9yb' bg®busTI2k*beNI†rbÌËn®sIpßge®BgedIrkat'val mYyy"agFMdac'knʨyEP~k eTAkan'PUmiV®tac' . dl'ehIyk*®bKl'bÌËn®sIeTA [narIm~ak'eQµaHmwug edIm∫ICUndMeNIrteTAeTot . rI‰bg®busG~kCUndMeNIrk* vil®tLb'eTAkan'PUmicug´®BvijP¬am . em"ag12Ga®FateTAdl'vt†V®tac' rYcedIrkat'valtUcmYyenAxagekItvt† edIm∫IeTAkan'PUmip~ËrGMBUg . narImwugk*®b Kl'nageTogbn†eTA[taCasnigyaykwm edIm∫IsMedAeTAPUmidMbUkbI . em"ag ®bEhl2P¬W tayaycit†Fm·enHk*(beNI†rnagedIrkat'valkat'PUmi eTaHht' KXUry"agNak*eday k*minhflansMrakQb'eLIy . enAem"ag®bEhl4P¬W eTIbVneTAdl'PUmidMbUkbI KWCaeBlEdlG~k®sukPUmienHkMBugerobcMecjdM eNIr Erkman'Ta®tIGg˚rnigbEn¬®Kb'mux nSykeTAlk'[TahanCMnYyVrSg enApßarkMBg'xÊwg . taCasyaykwmk*{blanageTog®tLb'fye®kayvij TSgTwkEP~ks®sak'edaykI†GaNitcMeJHnarI˘˘˘. nageTogedIrpßge®BgtamG~klk'dUrt®mg'cUleTAkan'b"us†ik _ MBg'xÊwg . k~¨geBleFI√dMeNIrEt‰k‰genH nageTogKSgmat'rkJk¥GI√niyayElgecj e®kABIsMrk'TwkEP~kedaymindwgx¬Án minKYrNaenAeBlenHEbrCa®Jt'®V s'®KYsary"agenHeTAvij . nagnwkGaNitbgbegI˚tTI2, nagmwug, taCas yaykwm EdlxMCUnnagedIm∫IeKcecjBI®kjSevotmij˘˘˘.

≤LËvenH manEt

GgkarCanrNa ?

182

TwkEP~kenHeT EdlCasakßIbg˙ajfa nagmankarQWcab'Nas'˘˘˘. enA´f©TI2-3-48 nageTogcUleTACYbelakEsh√kugv&r edIm∫IsMuLan CiHeTAkan'®kug®tavij . Esh√b"us†ei_ nHCaCatiyYn´®BnKr Gayu®bEhl30 q~S ragxıs'esI†g ®smuH®sYc sk'rYjGgardI . eBleXIjnageTogP¬am va ebIkEP~kFM@ sm¬wgmYysnʨHrYck*ebIkesovePAmYyEdlmanrUbfteBj . va epÊøgpÊat'ebIkTMB&rcuHeLIg rYcbwTeTAvij . vaemIlmuxnageTogm†geTotrYc sYrfa – - kUcg'eTAkan'TI®kug®tavij… ? » . « ca±s ! » . KµansMnYredjedalGI√teTAeToteT vak*cuHhtƒelxaelIlixitCiHLanmY ysn¬wk≤tbg'´f¬ hucmk[nageTog ®BmTSgniyayfa ®BwkEsÌkenHxM∆¨eTA CYbkUenAkEn¬geLIgCiHLan . yb'enaHnageTogedkpÊal'dI KµanGI√®kal Kµan GI√dN†b'eLIy CamYyG~kdMeNIrCae®cInrynak'mkBI®Kb'TisTI Edlrg'cS kugv&rmYyGaTit¥m†g . nageTogdwgfa enHCasMNagrbs'nagEdr edayV nmkCYbevnkugv&rk~¨g´f©enH . ®Blwm´f©TI3-3-48 manLan®bEhl50e®KOgerobk∫ÁnCae®scenAta mbeN†aydgp¬Ëv Edlmank∫alLanEbrmuxeqıaHeTAkan'ext†®tavijrYcCa e®sc . em"ag8®Bwk kMBugEteq¬q¬arkLanCiH ®sab'EteXIjyYnBImßilmij edIrt®mg'mk muxjjwm rYcnSnageTAbg˙ajLanEdl®tUveLIgCiH . mankEn¬gCiHy"ag®sYlbYl nageTogmanmenaseJçtnanwkGrKuNyYn d*man cit†lÌd*cEm¬kenHCa´®kElg . k∫ÁnLank*eFI√dMeNIrmkdl'®tavijenAem"ag ®bEhl4resol . nageTogmancit†rMePIbCa´®kElg edayVnmkdl'TI edAedaysuvtƒiPaB˘˘˘ edIrVn®bEhl10CMhan mnusßm~ak'cab'´dnagTajBIe®kayCab' . na ggake®kay eXIjyYnm~ak'es¬økJk'Cab"UlIs Gayu®bEhl27q~S cab'na gdwk´dbeNI†reTAkan'LanhßIbmYyEdlQb'sMctenAEk∫renaHe®sc . d l'LanhßIbehIy vak*bJÇa[nageLIgLanxage®kay EdlenAelIBUkLa nenaHmanb"UlIsm~ak'eTotGg¨yrg'cSnageTogCayUrmkehIy . b"UlIsenH k*PÇg'kSePI¬gxI¬mkelInag ehIyk*bJÇa[G~kebIkbrbeJœHLanebIkt®mg'eTA kan'®ksYgsni†suxCati edaysresortammat'Ten¬˘˘˘. nageTog®salx¬ÁndUcsMLI s©ÁtbMBg'k cg'dYlsn¬b' . kMBugEtP&y

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183

tk˚mak~¨gcit† ®sab'Etæsem¬gmYyBIcm©ayCaPasaExµr – « xM∆¨mineCOTal'Et esaH caman®sIExµrCaemevotmij » . nageTogEbrEP~keTArkmças'sem¬g nageXIjbursGayu®bEhl34q~S maDFMxıs' sk'rYjGg˚aj' muxEvg ®cmuH®sYc sm∫¨rExµr . elakenHcg̨l mknageTogrYcniyayEbbkMEb¬gCamYyb"UlIsExµrm~ak'EdledIrCamYyfa – nagenH…Caemevotmij ? . elakQr®ct'ceg˚Hsm¬wgnageToty"agyUr rYc k*ehAnagcUleTAkariyal&yrbs'Kat' . elakcab'epI†msYr – - nageQµaHGI ? . - Kwm-FIGflUy . - eQµaH“Buk ? . - Kwm-vNˆ: . - eQµaHm†ay ? . - fac'-FIeLIy . elaksm¬wgmuxnageTog . - ®sukkMeNIt ? . - PUmicug´®B . ®sab'EtelakenHdak's¬abV"k˚acuH rt'mk{bCnCab'ecaTtSgTwkEP~ks®sak'®BmTSgniyayfa – { ! GaeTogeGIy ‰gFMb"uNˆwgeTAehIy ! ma®tUv CabÌËnCIdUnmYyrbs'm†ay‰g fac'-FIeLIy . maEbkecjBIKat'Gs'ry:eeB l14q~SehIy . elakenHeQµaH fac'-TIhug VncakecjBI®sukcug´®B tSgBIKat'man Gayu20q~Smkem"¬H edIm∫IcUleFI√TahanVrSgvaykMeTckugsag . enAq~S1947 VrSgcat'EtgtSgelakCaP~ak'garsni†suxenAext†®tavij . ®BwkmijenH elakVnTTYlTUrelxmYyc∫ab'BIEsh√kugv&renAb"us†k i_ MBg'xÊwgmanesckI†Ca GaTifa – « mannarIExµrevotmijm~ak'eFI√dMeNIrcUlkan'TI®kug®tavij » . elakfac' TIhugk*cat'P~ak'eTArg'cScab' . kMBugEtCECksYrsuxTuk≈®KYsar ®sab'Etman eKnSsMbu®tmYymkCUnelak . G~kepI∆KWEsh√b"usk †i_ MBg'xÊwgdEdl . elak fac'-TIhugEhke®samsMbu®t rUbKMnUrmYysn¬wkk*®CuHenAelItu . elakfac' TIhugerIsrUbenHmkemIl rYchuc[nageTog . nageXIjrUbsMbu®tyMhflU KW rUbnageTogftekokkCamYy®sIyYn EdlmancMNgeCIgCaPasayYn – «

GgkarCanrNa ?

184

mit†PaByYn-Exµr » . nageTogyMbeNI†rerobrab'®Vb'“BukmabeNI†rBIkarEd levotmijbg≈M[nageFI√kar[va ®Vb'BIKMeragkarEdlvacg'erobkarCamYyyY n bIkarEdlnag®tUvEtEbkBI“Bukm†ayrhUtVnmkCYbrUbKat'enAeBlenH . elakfac'-TIhugs†ab'kµÁy®sIyMerobrab' yl'ehIy k*Gs'karsgß&y . Ka t'yl'BIkarEdlkµÁyxMrt'rkTICMrk . Kat'yl'dl'kll∫icyYnTSgenaH eTaHCaevotmijkI† eTaHCayYnrdΩkarVrSgkI† EdlvaeFI√VbExµr CMrujG~kecHdwg [edIrdl'sPaBT&l®ck rhUtdl'rt'ecalmatuPUmiTukTwkdI[vaenA˘˘˘. yb'enaH ®ksYgsni†suxCati®tUvEtXat'nageTogTuktamc∫ab' . elak fac'-TIhugenACamYykµÁyTl'PW¬ . EsÌkeLIgelakfac'-TIhugbeNI†relak V"n'-LËv GFikar®ksYgsikßaFikarbzmsikßaExµrmkCYbnageTog . elak GFikar{bnageTogbJÇak'nUvesckI†GaNitGasUr . rYcehIyKat'k*nSnageTo gCamYyelakfac'-TIhugbeNI†reLIgLanhßIbdEdl EdlebIkbreday yYnBImßilmijdEdl eTACYbelakembJÇakarCatiVrSg edIm∫IsMuFananag[ cakputBIkI†ecaT®bkan'rbs'yYnbMerIVrSg . VnGnuJÔatBIelakembJÇakar ehIy elakfac'-TIhugk*nSnageTogeTAsMNak'enApÊHKat' .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

185

kartamB¥aVTrbs'evotmij bnÊab'BIVnrt'ecjBI®kjSevotmijmk nageTogsMNak'enApÊHelak fac'-TIhugCa“BukmaGs'mYyry: . eBlmYyenaH elaksgÙmYyGg®BH nam gin Vnsakl∫gsm¬ab'nageTog . e®kaymkeTIbeKdwgfa elaks gÙEk¬gk¬ayenH®tUvevotmijbMbYsedIm∫I[mkkMcat' . edayminGaceFI√GI√nag eTogekIt edaysarkaryaml∫aty"agtwgrwugrbs'elakfac'-TIhug elak sgÙenHk*Vt'x¬ÁneTA . rab'yb'nageTogEtgEteKgenAEk∫rm†aybegI†trbs'elakfac'-TIhug . Kat'CamnusßBikarEP~k EtmanGarmµNr_ h&srhYn Nas' kalNaæsUrsMrwbsem¬gGI√mYyekIteLIg . enAyb'mYy˘˘˘ evlaem"ag®bEhl2eTobP¬W nageTogkMBugEteKglg'l k's˚b's˚l' CIdUnBikarEP~k®sab'Et…sUrsMrwbeCIgeLIgelICeNI†rpÊH . yaysYrtic@fa – nrNa ? nrNa ? . minæeqI¬y yayk*bn†wgsem¬gE®sk minæeqI¬y yayk*bnw†gsem¬gE®sky"agx¬Sg « CYypg@ ! evotmij ! » e®JHenAkas:eeTs:eenaH evotmijEtgEtcUlmkcab'cgExµrbMerIVrSgCaerog ral'yb' . elakfac'-TIhugP∆ak'edayæsUrsem¬gE®skrbs'm†ay k*rt'sM edAmkkEn¬gekItehtumYyrMeBc . mkdl'P¬am Kat'k*vUmvak'CamYyXatkrm~a k'EdlCa®sIyYn ! ®sIyYnd*sahavenHk*cak'Kat'®tUvF¬¨HVt´dBIm≈ageTAm≈ag KWKµannrNae®kABIkUn®sIrbs'®bFanevotmij TIv-kwg ehIyEdlCa´cdn¥ ®tUvCa®bBnÏcugrbs'elakfac'-TIhugenaHeT ! . e®kaymkeTotKat'dwgfa ®sIyYnenH®tUvbn†ebskkmµCMnYselaksgÙ Ek¬gk¬ayBImun . '

e®kayeXIj®Bwti†karNm _ in®sYl eTaHbICaCIdUnnig“BukmaXat'XSg

y"agNak*eday nageTogsMerccit†®tUvcakecjBIpÊH“BukmaCadac'xat . edIrbeNI†ryMbeNI†r nageTogecjBIpÊHeTACYbelakV"n'-LËv ra"yra"b'BIkar B¥aVTEdlekIteLIgpÊÁnK~aenH . kMBugEtniyay®sab'EteXIjelakfac'TIhugedIcUlmkedaynSTSgFM eV"-Es®t mkCamYypg . ®bBnÏrbs'Kat' eQµaHFMsM TSgBIrnak'manGayuCag60ehIy . Kat'mkFananageTogeTA pt'pg'VyTwk [sMNak'enAeBl´f© EteBlyb'Kat'minhflanFanaeT eda-

GgkarCanrNa ?

186

ymkBIpÊHrbs'Kat'enAq©aydac'®syalBITI®bCMuCneBk . eTaHbIx¬ÁnKat'pÊa l'nig®bBnÏ EtgEtnSK~aeTA®CkekanBYnedkenAk~¨gvt†eJFisalraC Caerog ral'yb'Edr . k~¨gkal:eeTs:eenaH ®Kb'@Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamEdlCaG~kbMerIVrSg EtgEt lak'x¬ÁnBYnGatµaenAeBlyb'dUcst√kN†¨r . ®BwkeLIgeTIbe®kakeTAeFI√kar CaFmµta . enA®kug®tavijeBlenaH manEtnageTogm~ak'‰gKt'EdlCaG~k rdΩkar®sI . etI[nageTA®CkenA‰NaebIenAekµgeTIbEtVn20q~S ? . eBlelakTSgbInak'kMBugedIrp¬ËvTal'®ck

sem¬gÂh√SgVnlan'ægWut

enAmuxpÊH . eyIgsm¬wgeTAeXIjmnusßm~ak'maDmSsg˙ar sk's¬Ët kat'L¨g sug muxEvg ®cmuH®sYc ÚkJresIÊr®sIesIÊr®bus es¬økJk'Tahan . mnusßcEm¬kEpÌkkg'minTan'®sYlbYlpgk*sʨHmk{bnageTogTwkEP~khUrs®sak' ®BmTSgniyayfa – GaeTogeGIy ! xM∆¨minnwksµanfa‰gVneKcputBI e®KaHf~ak'y"agenH ehIyVnmkCYbxM∆¨eT . nageTogk*{bmnusßenaHvij®Bm TSgniyaytic@eLIgfa – bgV@ !˘˘˘ eBlenaHelakTSgbInak'eTACa®sLSgkSg edayeXIjkayvikard*cEm¬k´nyuvCn-yuvnarIExµrkmı¨Cae®kamekµg@ Edlelat{bK~ay"agenH . e®JHkalenACMnan'enaH kUnExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kamTSg®busTSg®sI man®kit¥ vin&ytwgrwgNas' sUm∫IEtniyayK~ak~¨gTIs©at'k*®tUvhamXat'Edr . luHæ nageTogehAfa bgV@ !

dUec~HeTIbelakTSgGs'sal'fa mnusßd*cEm¬k

enHKW j"ag-FIV . j"ag-FIV CamnusßmanePTesIÊr®busesIÊr®sI . tSgBItUcmk es¬økJ k'Ca®sI edIrelgnigrs'enAEtCamYy®sI . enAq~S1940 enAeBlEdlnag eTogmkeronenATI®kug®tavij nageTogenApÊHCamYynwg j"ag-FIV enAPUmi ®may . q~S1946 nageTog®tUvecjeTAeFI√®KUbe®gonenAb"us†g i_ "aV TSgBIr nak'k*®tUvEbbkK~atSgBIenaHrhUtmk eTIbEtVnCYbenA´f©enH . nageTogkan'´dj"ag-FIVCab' sYrbeNI†ryMbeNI†rfa – - bgV‰geFI√GI√sB√´f©enH ? -kalBI2-3´f©enH xM∆¨sMerccit†cUleFI√Tahan, CaG~kbkE®bPasaenAb"us†P i_ Umi®may xageCIgpÊHFMeV"-Es®t . xM∆¨manzann†rs&ki†CaBleTa . sB√´f© enHxM∆¨dak'eQµaHCa®busvijfaj"a-V . nageTogVns†ab'sB√®Kb' k*dk´decj Qrsm¬wgja"g-V®sLSgkS

GgkarCanrNa ?

187

g KSgmat'mYysnʨHnwkk~¨gcit†fa – « yI ! GjqÁtehIyetI ! elat{®buskN†alval, cMeJHmux“BukmanigecAh√aynay ®tUvbg'vin&y®sIGs'rlI g » . nagnwkKYr[xµas'eGonCa´®kElg nagk*elateTA[{b“BukmayMs®sak' ®BmTSgsMBHsMueTasnUvkayvikarEdlnagVneFI√xusenH . elak fac'-TIhug ´ds†Skan'´dnageTog ´deq√gkan'sµaj"ag-Vy"age®tkGr ®Bm TSgniyayfa – ®besIrNas' ! ®besIrNas' ! . eyIgGacedaH®sayb J˙aGaeTogVnmYyry:y"aggay . erOgGaeTog‰g{bj"ag-VGm∫aj'mij enH KµaneTasKµanbg'®kit¥vin&yGI√eT . ≤LËvenHxM∆¨sMercCabnÊan' KWeBl®B lb'emIlmnusßminsal' GaeTog®tUvEtes¬økJk'CaTahanrg'cSj"ag-V . cMENk‰j"ag-V ®tUvEtmkTTYlGaeTognSykeTAenAk~¨gb"us†C i_ amYypg . enAeBl®BlwmeLIg muneBl®bCaCne®kak GaeTog®tUvEte®kakeLIgeTAsM Nak'enA‰pÊHFMeV"-Es®tvij . etIeyabl'xM∆¨enH j"ag-V‰gyl'y"agem" cEdr ? . - xM∆¨sµ&®Kcit†CYyåbtƒm∏GaeTog®Kb'@meF¥aVy EdlxM∆¨GaceFI√eTAekIt . cMENk‰elakV"n'-LËv k*Fanara"b'rgcat'EtgtSgnageTogCa®KUbe®go neLIgvij . k~¨gExåsPa1945 G~k®KUeTogbe®gonkUnsisßExµrGMBImuxviCÇaExµr-VrS genAsalabzmsikßa EdltSgenATI®kug®tavij . cMENk‰evotmijvij va ek†A®khayNas'edayminKYrP¬at'es~øt[mnusßEdlvaTukcit† ehIyEdl dwgviFankarNs _ m©at'rbs'vaGs'eTAehIyenaH eKcecjBIExßry:rbs'va y"agenHeT . dUec~HvaKitfa ®tUvEttamsm¬ab'nageTogluH®taEtVn edIm∫ITu kCaKMrU . ´f©mYy elakfac'-TIhugTTYlsMbu®tBIrc∫ab'rbs'taKwm-vNˆ:BI®BHh sƒ®BHsgÙmYyGg®BHnam LS-erOg . sMbu®tTI1, sMrab'elakfac'-TIhug EdlbJÇak'®Vb'BIGs&ydΩanrbs' KUdN†wgnageTog, elakekog-≤ÂnÊ . minbgÌg'yUrKat'k*vayTUrelxmYyc∫a b'P¬am . Et4´f©e®kaymk ®ksYgsni†suxenA´®BnKrVnvayTUrelxtbmk vijfa elakekog-≤ÂnÊVnp¬as'eTAeFI√karenA®ksYgsni†suxenAkmı¨CakN†a l ext†Vt'dMbgVt'eTAehIy˘˘˘. sMbu®tTI2, sMrab'nageTog . sMbu®tVnerobrab'BIkartamqaeqArbs' evotmij . tSgBInageTogeKcecjmk taKwm-vNˆ:m minsUvVneFI√kargarGI√

GgkarCanrNa ?

188

eT e®JHevotmijEtgEtehAKat'[mkemIlkarkab'sm¬ab'rbs'BYkva eTAelI ®bCaBlrdΩExµrs¬Ët®tg'EdlvaecaTfaCamnusßk∫t' . Caerogral'eBlsm¬a b' evotkugEtgEtniyayfa ebIEm"-GMu´llkeTAykGaeTogvilcUlEdndIrM edaHvijk~¨geBlqab'@enH vanwgelIkElgeTas[rYcx¬Án EtebImindUec~aHeT enAeBlNaEdl®ksYgmansmtƒkicçeTAtamcab'Vn bkß®tUvEtsm¬ab'Eck K~aemIlnigTukCaKMrU .l. edaysarEtkarsm¬ab'mnusßedIm∫Ibn¬acCapÊÁn@ y"agenH yaytaP&ytk's¬¨tCaE®kElg . Kat'p†SkUnKat'fa dac'xat®tUvEt rt'ePosx¬ÁneTAkmı¨CakN†alCadac'xat e®JHevotmijminbJŒb'karB¥aVT rbs'vaeT .l. nageTogk*epI∆sMbu®tmYyeToteTAKUdN†wg tamGs&ydΩanfIµ erobrab'BI Tuk≈evTnanigkarPitP&yGs'ry:eeBl19ExmkehIy . enA´f©TI17-7-48 Ca´f©bJçb'karsikßarbs'kUnsisß . enAsalaeron eK®VrB√eFI√BiFIEckrg√an'dl'G~keronBUEk . G~k®KUeTogcUlpÊHenAem"ag1reso lyWtCagFmµta . eTAdl'pÊH nagP∆ak'e®BItP&yrnÏt'dUceXIjexµaclg e®JHeXIjmnusßcEm¬km~ak'Gg¨yk~¨gbnÊb'TTYleP∆øv . bursenaHmaDFMmS xıs'dUctahßg' muxmUl Bukmat'nigBukcg˚a®smUm, sm∫¨rexµAX¬Ic es¬økJk' Tahan . burscEm¬kjjwmeXIjEteFµjss¨H EtnageTogedIrhYscUl eTAk~¨gbnÊb'Vt'edaynwkKitfa – yI ! ebIGjmanbI†rebobenH s¬ab'eTAvij ®besIrCag ! . luHp¬as'sMelokbMJk'rYcehIy nagk*edIreTAbnÊb'cÂg˚anVybMrugj¨S Vy . ®sab'EtFMsMedIrmkkan'sµanageTog®BmTSgniyayfa – GaeTogGa± ´f©enHGMueFI√VyTTYleP∆øvBiessm~ak' nigmit†P&Âk†rbs'taBIrbInak'eTot man j"ag-FIVmkrYmCamYypg . nageTogsm¬wgmuxFMsM ehIysYrfa – - etInrNaCaeP∆øvBiessenaH ? FMsMsm¬wgmuxnageTogy"agyUr eTIbeqI¬yfa – - KWelakekog-≤ÂnÊenaHNa± ! - m~ak'exµAKX¬IcenaH… ? - h~wgehIy ! nageTogedIreTAekonCJÇSg Gg¨yyMbg˙ËrTwkEP~kdUcTwknwkGaNitx¬Án. EtenAk~¨gbnÊb'TTYleP∆øv‰eNaHvij eKæsUrEtsMeNIcelakmafac'-TIhug

GgkarCanrNa ?

189

kÌakkÌayCageK‰g . Kat'sb∫ayedayeXIjkµÁyKat'manvasnalÌ sgÙw mfanwgVneKcrYcBIe®KaHf~ak'eLIy . cMENkFMeV"-Es®tk*e®tkGrNas' Edr . Kat'edIrsMedAmk elIk´dGEgÌlk∫alkµÁy®sICaTI®sLaj' ®BmTSg niyayfa – - kµÁysm¬aj' ! EsÌkenHkµÁycakputBITuk≈P&y ElgedIr®CkedkdUcst√ kN†¨rteTAeTotehIy . FMe®tkGrNas'edayVneXIjkµÁyrYcBIP&y EtFM k*s†ayNas'EdredayeXIjkµÁy®tUvX¬ateTAq©ayEsnq©ayy"agenH . nageTog{bFMEs®tehIy®TeharyMeLIgfa – - FMeGIy ! vasnaxM∆¨GIk*GP&B√em"¬H ? eTAmuxminrYc fye®kayk*minekIt . rYcehIyk*yMteTAeTot˘˘˘ FMEs®t®sLSgkSgsµanfakµÁyc∫as'CaVn sb∫ay edaymanKUdN†wgmknSeTArksni†sux . eBlenaH®bBnÏKat'cab' ´deTABn¥l'fa GaeTogminEdleXIjmuxKUdN†wgvaeT ´f©enHvaeTIbEteXIj CaelIkTI1 vaKµancit†®btiB&TÏeT . FMEs®tyk´dTHf©asehIyniyayeLIgtic@fa – - vIvrehIy@ ! eFI√em"ceTA yWteBleTAehIy !˘˘˘ em"ag4resol eP∆øvTSgGs'®tLb'eTAvij . elakekog-≤ÂnÊEf¬gGMNr KuNmças'pÊH CaBiessj"ag-FIV . Kat'niyayeTAFMEs®tfa – EsÌkenH Kat'nwgmknSGaeTogecjdMeNIreTAehIy . kV"l'kugv&recjeTAenAevla em"ag3resol ebIxkxan®tUvEtcSmYyGaTit¥eToteTIbVn . EsÌkeLIg Gs'elak@dEdlmkdl'pÊHFMeV"-Es®t edIm∫ICUndMeNIr G~kTSgBIr . ®sab'EtVt'nageTog˘˘˘ TSgGs'K~a®cYl®cbl'edIrrk . elak fac'-TIhugxMedIrrkkµÁy . FMEs®txßib®Vb'Kat'fa GaeTogmin®sLaj'ela kekog-≤ÂnÊeT . - vIvrehIy ! eFI√em"ceTA ? elakfac'-TIhugniyayeLIg, cuHebIelak ekog-≤ÂnÊCaKUdN†wgtam®b´BNI xMkat'TwkdI´®BTen¬ kat'®Kab'rMesv mk tamrk ehIy≤LËvEbrCadUec~HeTAvij ? . Gs'mYysnʨHFM elakk*rkeXIjnageTogenAk~¨gbnÊb'Twk . Kat'cUleTA dl' cab'´dkµÁymkdak'elI®TUg rYcniyayBn¥l'y"age®cIn TIbMputKat'®Vb' nageTogfa ebIsinCaevotmijcab'nagVn CIvitrbs'nagnwg®tUvputrlt'ehI y dUec~Hnag®tUvEtcakecjBITIenHCadac'xatkMubgÌg' . TIbMputnageTog®tUvEteFI√tambJÇarbs'bgbÌËncas'TMuTSgeTIsTal'˘˘˘

GgkarCanrNa ?

190

kV"l'bnW¬sem¬gkEJçmYyy"agEvg TUt !˘˘˘˘ enAelIkTI1 . elakfac'tIhugdwk´dnageTogecjBITIBYn edIm∫ImkCYbecAh√ay KWelakV"n'-LËv . elakGEgÌlk∫alnageTogedaykI†GasUr ®BmTSg®bKl'lixitepßg@mk nag dUcCasMbu®tGnuJÔatc∫ab'CaedIm . elakBn¥l'fa – eBlNanageTo geTAdl'Vt'dMbg nag®tUvEtepI∆sMbu®tmYyc∫ab'mkTIsI†karrdΩmÂnI†®ksYgsi kßaFikarCatienA´®BnKrCacSVc' edIm∫IsMulaBImuxtMENg®KUbe®gon . elak ekog-≤ÂnÊetOnnageTog[®bjab'eKarBlabgbÌËnjatisn†ane®JHeBlev lamkdl'ehIy . nageTogk*elIk´dsMBHlaGs'elakTSgGs' . nag {bj"ag-FIVEdlCamit†Pki†d*kMst'kMrnwgK~atSgBItUc@ ehIyEf¬gGMNrKuNy"ag®Cale®CA EdlVnCYye®CamE®CgedayGs'BIcit†efI¬m . nageKa rB{blaFMEs®tnigFMsM GrKuNelakmanKuNTSgBIry"agx¬Sg . nagsMBHlaelakmafac'-TIhug nigelakV"n'-LËvedayeKarB . TUt !˘˘˘ kV"l'bnW¬sJÔam†geTotCaelIkTI2 . elakfac'-TIhugk*GeJIÇ jG~kTSgGs'K~aedIrsMedAeTAkMBg'Ep . ´dm≈ag elakmahugkan'kabUbexa Gav ´dm≈ageTotdwk´dkµÁy®sIeLIgkV"l' . dl'ehIyelakk*{blakµÁyTS gBIredayGaeLaHGal&y rYcelakk*cuHBIkV"l'eTACYbG~kenAelIEpvij . TUt !˘˘˘ kV"l'bnW¬sJÔam†geTotCaelIkTI3 rYck*eFI√dMeNIrcakecjBIkMB g'Epsnßwm@ edayTukG~kCUndMeNIr[elIk´dbk'rvic@mkG~kTSgBIrTSgGa eLaHGal&y .

nageTogeXIjelakmahugyk´d{bk∫alyMdUckUnekµg

Elgxµas'eGonG~kCitxag . PaBkarJrkµÁy®sI

elakyMe®JHtUccit†nwgx¬Án‰gEdlKµansmtƒ

EbrCabeN†ay[nagEbkecjBIx¬ÁneTAtam®busm~ak'Ed

lnagminEdlsal'nigKµancit†®sLaj'bni†cesaH . ®keLkemIlmkxagk~¨gkV"l' mansuTÏEtTahanCatiVrSg-ExµrEtBIr nak'm"g'@˘˘˘ eXIjdUec~H, G~kTSgGs'K~aKµanGI√niyayeTote®kABIs®mk'TwkEP~ kEtb"ueNˆaH˘˘˘ kV"l'brmkdl'mat'Jm kUeLAkUecog rYcehIy ®tUvbt'xageq√gedIm∫I sMedAeTAext†E®BkÚsßI . ®sab'EtCYbBYkevotmijdak'GnÊak'rg'cSVj'dUc laCpʨH . TahanVrSg®kabs∫ab®Kb'@K~a EtnageTogmin®kabeT e®JHnwk k~¨gcit†fa ebIs¬ab'eBlenHeTA va®besIrCagrs'enA ehIy®bEhlCaVnsu xsan†eTotpg . EtenAxagmuxkV"l'FM mankV"l'tUcebIkBImuxpʨkGg˚reBj . enAsgxag manTUkb"ukcayFM@p†¨kGg˚reBjEdr . Gg˚renHCaes∫øg

GgkarCanrNa ?

191

pg Etk*Cae®KOgsMrab'karJrx¬Ánnwg®Kab'rMesvpgEdr . kSePI¬gevotmijmin GaceFI√GI√BYkeyIgekIteT fI√t∫itEtkV"l'ebIkminelOnedayseN†agTUknig Gg˚ry"agF©n' . enAtamp¬ËveyIgCYb®bTHkarVj'rMxanrbs'BYkevotmijCajw kjab' EtKµane®KaHf~ak'GI√eT e®JHkSePI¬gvaCakSePI¬gFunmUs˚Wtug EdlVj' minGacF¬ayrhUtdl'kV"l'eyIgVneLIy . maneBlx¬HTahanVrSgFuj ®Tan'k*Vj'tTl'vijmYyr"avedaykSePI¬gmI´®tEy"t bN†al[bUdUys¬ab' nig®bkac's¬ab'bHeCIg®cUg˘˘˘ ´f©TI3, em"ag®bEhl11®Bwk, k∫ÁnkV"lbrmkdl'ext†E®BkÚsßI . na yEsh√kugv&rsMerc[G~kdMeNIrTSgGs'cuHBIkV"l'eLIgrfePI¬gvij edIm∫I sMralkV"l'Edl®tUvdwkGg˚reTA´®BnKrenH . elakekog-≤ÂnÊk*beNI†rnageTogeTAkan'sƒaniyrfePI¬gE®BkÚsßI . luHTahanVrSgeLIgelIrfePI¬grYcral'ehIy

rfePI¬gkugv&rk*ebIkbrcak

ecjBIsƒaniyP¬amsMedAeTAkan'rdΩFanI´®BnKr . enAem"ag5resol eyIgTSgBIrnak'eFI√dMeNIrmkdl'´®BnKr®bkbeda yesckI†sux . elakekog-≤ÂnÊyknageTogeTAepI∆nwgyayCIenAvt†cnÊrgßIsin . rYcehIyelakedIresIubsYrrkLankugv&redIm∫IeFI√dMeNIrbn†eTAraC FanIP~MeBjeTot . enA´f©TI30-7-45 evlaem"ag®bEhl10®Bwk elakekog-≤ÂnÊmkTTY lnageTogecjBIvt† beNI†reTAkan'k∫ÁnLankugv&rEdlsiƒtenAcm©ay®bEhl500Em"®tBIvt† . elakbg˙ajnageTogdl'Esh√kugv&rfa nagCabÌËnCI dUnmYy kM®J“Bukm†ay elak®tUvnSnageTAbn†karsikßaeTotenAP~MeBj . elakEsh√kugv&rCatiVrSgraErkbni†c EtelakCamnusßcit†Fm· k*yl'®Bm ehIybgab'[nageToges¬økJk'CaTahandUceK‰gEdr e®JHLankugv&r enHsMrab'dwkEtTahaneT . enAeBlEdlTahaneLIgelILanrYce®scVc'ehIy k∫ÁnLank*eFI√dMeNIrecjBITIenaH . ❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

192

matuPUmiTI2 bnÊab'BIq¬gkat'®BMEdnExµr-yYnehIy eyIgmkdl'k∫alsıan®BHmunIvgß . Lankugv&r®tUvQb'edIm∫I[BYkGavuFhtƒ Eqk®tYtBinit¥ . eKBinit¥®K b'@Lan˘˘˘ luHdl'LanmYyeKeKeXIjTahan®sIm~ak' eKk*ehA[cuHBILan ykeTAXMuTukedayKµansYrnSGI√mYym"at'esaH . edayeXIjehtumin®sYldUec~H elakekog-≤ÂnÊBwgelakEsh√kugv&r ecjmuxtva"sMuFana edaysMGagfanageTogCa®bBnÏrbs'elak . enAeBlenaHmankarCECkK~aeLIgtwgsr´sk EtTIbMputeKk*edaHElg nageTogBITIXMuXSgmkvij . manbgbÌËnExµrx¬HsYrfa – ehtuem"cbg@ExµrefI¬mexµAem"¬H ? . cemI¬y – e®JHnamWunExµrsIuq©aj' edklk'®sYl edIrelgsb∫ay minF¬ab'TTYlkar CiHCan'BIsasnb _ reTsNaeT . em@nwknSminecHGb'rMkUnecA KµanduHmena seJçtnaGaNit…®sLaj'CatieT . manmYyPaKEtgEtCiHCan'eK duHKMnit Etk~¨gkardeNI†mGMNac cg'eFI√FM cg'eFI√esdÏIEtb"ueNˆaH˘˘˘. elak@mineGI TTYldwgTTYlæBITuk≈evTnarbs'bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kam Edl®tUvyYnkMBug EtCiHCan' sm¬ab' nigkMcaybMputBUCenaHeLIy˘˘˘. k∫ÁnLankugv&rmkdl'xaglicvt†P~M . G~kTSgBIrnak'cuHBIelILan ehIy k*edIreTAEf¬gGMNrKuNnigcMrablaelakEsh√kugv&r edIm∫IeTArkTIsMNak' . em"ag8yb' eyIgVnmkdl'pÊHmYy . elakekog-≤ÂnÊeKaHT√artuk@ T√ar ebIkeLIgelcyuvCnm~ak'Gayu17q~S kMBugEtTTYlTanVy KWyuvCn yWvij®TI . G~kkem¬aHenHrsab'rsl'eq¬q¬a rkEtJk¥sYrsuxTuk≈mineXIj e®JHka lBImunecjeTArknageTog elakekog-≤ÂnÊVnmksMusMNak'enApÊHyuvCn®TImYyyb' . EsÌkeLIg enAeBlEdlKat'layuvCn®TIedIm∫IeTAext†®ta vij Kat'niyayhak'dUcCaelgk¬ayEmn®Vb'yuvCn®TIfa Kat'nwgeTAyk nageTogmkerobkarCamYy˘˘˘ eKminnwksµanfaelakekog-≤ÂnÊnSnageTog mkEmnETneT . yb'enaHyuvCnvij®TInigelakekog-≤ÂnÊTTYlTandMeNkelIkenÊl

GgkarCanrNa ?

193

kalpÊal'k†ark~¨gbnÊb'TTYleP∆øv . nageTogeKgk~¨gbnÊb'elIE®KsMBt'mYy tUc . ´f©bnÊab'mk elakekog-≤ÂnÊecjeTAVt' . rI‰yuvCnvij®TI k*eTAero nenAsalaKilanub∫dÏakCaral'´f© . ´f©x¬HminVncUlpÊHeT e®JH®tUvenAya meBT¥sMrab'evnx¬Án‰gpg CYnkaledIm∫I[Vnluykak'x¬HpßMpg k*suxcit† yamCMnYseKp†Ërnwg®Vk'Q~Ál . nageTogsMrakenApÊHy"ags©b's©at'dUec~H Vn®bEhlmYyGaTit¥ . l©acmYyyuvCn®TIbeNI†relakekog-≤ÂnÊmkpÊH yYrTSgkJçb'bIbYnmkCamYypg . mkdl'bnÊb'TTYleP∆øv TSgBIrnak'Tm¬ak' KJçb'cuHelIk†ar . yuvCn®TIcUleTAk~¨gp¬as'sMelokbMJk'gUtTwk . elak ekog-≤ÂnÊE®skehA – - GaeTogGa± ! ecjmkerobVyj¨S . nageToglakJçb'm˙Ëb®BmTSgdYsVydak'can . G~kTSgbInak'TTYl TanVyCMuK~aCaelIkTImYy . elakekog-≤ÂnÊcak'®saeborbg≈M[yuvCn®TI pwk . mYyEkvehIymYyEkveTot ! ®TS‰Namin®svwg ! ®sab'EtyuvCn®TI ecHe®Jk®VC∆ mindwgCaecjsMdIEbkCaGUrhUrCasÊwgBINaBINImkeT !˘˘˘ GMNac®saeboreFI√[yuvCn®TIhflanTHsµaeromc∫g ®BmTSgniyayfa – - yI ! bg‰gxilNas' ! eTIberobkar®bBnÏrYcfIµ@ ®sab'EteTAnSbg eTogykmkeTot . elakekog-≤ÂnÊP∆ak'e®BIt Tm¬ak'Twkmux s©ÁtbbUrmat'rkniyayGI√minrYc . eXIjsƒankarNE_ bbenH G~kTSgGs'enAes©ømElgniyayerog@x¬Án . nageTogcab'GarmµNn _ wgJk¥yuvCn®TINas' k*cab'epI†msYreLIgfa – - En ! bÌËn®TI erOgenHBitEmn… ? . ®TIEbrmuxeTArkelakekog-≤ÂnÊCMnYscemI¬y . elak≤ÂnÊsm¬wgmuxnag eTog manGarmµNP _ ∆ak'epIÌledayeXIjnageTogEbrCajjwmjEjmeTAvij . Kat'eXIjnageTogjjwmCaelIkTImYytSgBIVnCYbK~amk . Kat'k*eqI¬y eLIgfa – - BitEmnehIyGaeTog, bgerobkar®BnÏrYcehIyEmn . rYcehIyKat'k* ebIkkabUbykrUbftmYysn¬wkhucmk[nageTog . nagemIlrUbfty"ag ykcit†Tukdak' . KWrUbelakGg¨ypÊwmk~¨gsMelokbMJk'®b´BNIGaJhB _ iJhC _ amYy®sIyYn hU-Kwmy"ug . enAEk∫rkUnkem¬aH®kmMueXIjrUbG~kEcksM bu®t´®bsNIyhucTUrelxmYyc∫ab'mk[Kat'˘˘˘. nageToghucrUbfteTAelakekog-≤ÂnÊvij bnÊab'BIVnBinit¥m†geTot .

GgkarCanrNa ?

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nagcEm¬kk~¨gcit† ehIyk*dN†wgsYrx¬Án‰gfa ehtuem†ck*nag®sIyYnd*lÌ ®bwm®biyenHsuxcit†erobkarCamYyelak≤ÂnÊ EdlmanrUbragexµAX¬IkdUcC&r mak'eX¬ØeTAvij ? nagminEmnxwgeT Etnagmancm©l'E®kgelaenHCaGaf·kM VMgGI√mYyk*mindwg ? . enAeBlenaHelakekog-≤ÂnÊniyayeLIgfa – - enAeBlEdlevotmijcab'bÌËn‰geTAVt' bgeFI√karenA®ksYgsni†su xenA´®BnKr . bgsMuc∫ab'eTArkbÌËn‰g®Kb'TIkEn¬genA®tavij KµanelcædM NwgGI√TSgGs' . TIbMputbgVnCYbelak Kwm-dak' (®tUvCabÌËnbegI˚trbs' elakKwm-gYn®tac) Edlrt'rYcmkdl'®tavijvij . Kat'®Vb'bgfa Kat'Kµan sgÙwmfabÌËn‰genArs'eT . e®JHBYkTahanCMnYyTSg20nak' Edlrt'rYc enAelIkTI1CamYyKat'enaH VnVt'bg'CIvitedaysarevotmijGs'eTAehIy . G~kEdlmkdl'®tavijenH manEtKat'nigelakEsh√b"us†b i_ "ueNˆaH . Kat' niyayfa Kat'VneXIjbÌËn‰gCab'kun tSgBIenA®tg'mM†¨k∫alsıanEdkTI1 mkem"¬H . bgGs'sgÙwmnwgrkbÌËn‰gehIy . Kab'CYneBlenaHrdΩkarVrSg ®tUvkarmnusßm~ak'EdlecHPasabI edIm∫ImkeFI√karenAext†Vt'dMbgenH bgk* sµ&®Kcit†p¬as'mkeFI√karenATIenHeTA . enA´f©Edlbgerobkar bgVnTTYl TUrelxmYyc∫ab'fa bÌËn‰gVnrt'eKcrYcBIkN†ab'´devotmijehIy . 3Ex e®kaymk bgk*VnTTYlsMbu®tbÌËn EdlEf¬gfamanTuk≈®BYyCax¬Sgeday x¬acvatamB¥aVT . bgk*®bjib®bjab'eTAykbÌËn‰genHmk . - xM∆¨sUmGrKuNcMeJHkarykcit†Tukdak'rbs'bgmkelIxM∆¨, nageTogeqI¬ yedaymanGarmµNF _ Ur®sal . erOgxM∆¨nigxM∆¨GacedaH®sayVnehIy . elak≤ÂnÊjjwmedaydwgfa nagmin®sLaj'elakeT . rI‰yuvCn®TI vijeFI√EP~kLwkLk' q©l'faehtuGI√k*G~kTSgBIrEbrCaesIcsb∫ayeTAvij ebI kalBImunenHbni†c m~ak'@muxs©ÁtemIlEt®tIyavhWue®kom ? kMBugEtq©l' ®sab'Etelak≤ÂnÊniyayeLIgfa – - bgsUmGrKuNbÌËn®TIehIy ´f©EsÌkenHem"ag®VM®Bwk bg®tUveLIg reTHePI¬geTAext†Vt'dMbgvij . bgsUmepI∆GaeTogCamYybÌËn‰gsin . ´f© NamYybgnwgvilmkerobcMpßMp˜¨G~kTSgBIr . ®TI®KvIk∫alj&rttat' ehIyeqI¬yeLIgfa – - eT ! eT ! minekIteT ! xM∆¨manGayuticCagbgeTogdl'eTA3q~S . xM∆¨ ehAKat'fabg@eBjmat'tSgBItUcmk . eFI√dUec~Hem†cekIt ? .

GgkarCanrNa ?

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nageTogeXIj®TIP&y®CYl®cbl'y"agenH k*cab'´dyuvCnkan'ehIyni yayeLIgfa – - cUrbÌËnkMuVrm∏ ! bgk*®bEkkdUcbÌËnGJçwgEdr . bgsUmTukGUnCabÌËn begI˚trbs'bg . eyIgTSgBIrnak'®tUvEteKarBbg≤ÂnÊ ehIyTukKat'Cabg begI˚trbs'eyIg . enAeBlenH bg®tUvEteTAtambg≤ÂnÊ edIm∫IeTAsYrsux Tuk≈“BukFMbegI˚trbs'bgenAXMurSgeksIsin . bgnwgsMNak'enATIenaHmYy ry: ehIyedIm∫Ibg˙ajesckI†esµaH®tg'cMeJHbg≤ÂnÊ bgsMercfa minTan' ykbI†eT . EsÌkeLIg em"agbYnkn¬H®Bwk yuvCn®TICUndMeNIrelak≤ÂnÊnignageTog eLIgrfePI¬gkugv&r . munEbkK~a elak≤ÂnÊGEgÌlk∫alyuvCn®TI ®BmTSgni yaybJÇak'fa xM∆¨®sLaj'®TI‰gnigGaeTogdUcbÌËnbegI˚t . xM∆¨®tUvEtpßMp˜¨bÌËn @TSgBIr[VnK~aCabI†®bBnÏCadac'xat˘˘˘ em"ag5Kt' rfePI¬gbnW¬sJÔaviut@ rYcebIkbrecjBIsƒaniyP~MeBj . rfePI¬ grt'elOneTAmux nagmancit†rIkraybni†cedayVnmkGg¨yk~¨grfePI¬gemIleTsPaBtamsgxagp¬Ëv . nagmanGarmµNr_ Ikrayedayyl'fa´f©enHna gma nv a sna lÌ VneKcecjr Y cBI kN† a b' ´ de vo tmi j e bI BM u dU e c~ a He T e bI ka l Naevotmijcab'Vn nagc∫as'Ca®tUvs¬ab'y"agevTna . nagsb∫aym"¥ag eTotedayVnmkeXIjmatuPUmiTI2 Edlnag®Vf~amkTsßnaCayUrehIy . enAtamdgp¬ËvrfePI¬g nageXIjcMkarEp¬eQI®Kb'CMBUk mantSgBIs√ay, dUg, lµ¨t, emon, x~¨r, Ep¬TwkedaHeKa, ®tEbk, ®kUceJFisat', ®kUcf¬¨g, ®kUcqµa nigEp¬ eQIepßg@eToty"age®cIn≤tKNna . rfePI¬gbrmkdl'cMkaret~atEdlduH Cae®cInJn'edIm ehIyEdlCaelIkTImYyEdlnageTogVneXIjpÊal'EP~k . bnÊab'mkeTotnageXIjedImeQIFM@e®sag®sagxıs'sn¬wmesIÊrkb'BBk . minx√HeQIeFI√pÊH minx√HGusduteLIy . bnÊab'mkeTotnageXIjvalE®s d*FMl√wgelI√yq©aydac'knʨyEP~k man®sUvduHBN·´btgxIç . mkdl'sıan s√aydUnEkv nageTogemIleTAk~¨gsÊwg eXIjG~kensaT®tIpʨk®tIeBj@TUk . mkdl'P~MFibtI enA®sbbeN†aytameCIgP~M mandMufµtUc@KrCaKMnrd*FMs˚wm ´s˚ sMrab'ykeTA®kalf~l'˘˘˘ { ! ®beTsExµrsMbUredayFnFanFmµCatiswgKµanGI√x√H . pʨYyeTAvijenA nKryYn manPaBx√Hmuxx√He®kay . G~kE®scMkarswgEtykedImÚsIß…edIm GgardImkeFI√CassrpÊH . edIm∫IdN†Ss¬ G~k®sukswgEtykcMebIgmkdut

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196

edayx√HGus . { ! e®JHEtehtuenHehIyVnCataTijniyay®Vb'BIeKal bMNgvatTwkdIrbs'yYnhaNUy fa®tUvEtyk[Tal'EtVn eTaHyUkI†qab' kI† . kMBugEt®s´msB√®Kb' elakekog-≤ÂnÊk*mkGg¨yEk∫r ehIy®Vb'nag eTogfa – enAxagmuxenHKWsƒaniyrSgeksI rYcbnÊab'mkKWTI®kugVt'dMbgehI y . nageToge®tkGrCa´®kElg e®kakQrerobcMva"lIs bMrugsMulaelak ekog-≤ÂnÊcuHkan'sƒaniyeTArk“BukFMbegI˚t . elak≤ÂnÊyl'dUec~Hk*niyayeLIgfa – enATIenHBYkevotmijeFI√skmµPaBx¬Sgk¬aNas' swgral'@yb' vacUlmkcab'kUnekµg nigyuvCn eTAkan'TIGaf·kMVMg vakab'sm¬ab'G~k®suk ≤tQb'Qr . dUec~HGaeTog‰gkMGalcuHenArSgeksIenHGI ®tUveTA[dl'V t'dMbgsinrYcswmKitteTAeTot . KµantbtGI√mYym"at' nageTogTn'´dTn'eCIg ®salx¬ÁndUcsMLI nwkeXIjeLIgvijCafIµnUvJk¥taTijEdlfa evotmijVnbJÇËnbUdUynigcarCnedI m∫ImkeFI√skmµPaBenAelITwkdIExµr . { ! s†ayesckI†sb∫ayEdlmancMnY nkn¬H´f©mkehIy ®tUvrlayGs'eTAvijCamYynwgJk¥elak≤ÂnÊb"unµanm"at' enH . { ! Jk¥taTijCaJk¥BiteTetI !˘˘˘ em"ag2kn¬Hresol rfePI¬gVnmkdl'sƒaniyVt'dMbg . eyIgTSgBIr nak'edIrsMedAeTArkp¬ËvecjenAxagmuxsƒaniy . elak≤ÂnÊbg˙ajnageTog dl'mit†VrSgrbs'Kat'm~ak' EdlmanG~kebIkbrCUnKat'mkQb'Lanrg'cS eyIgenATIenaH . VrSgjjwmTTYleyIgTSgBIredayhuc´d Bonjour pg . G~kebIkbrnSeyIgq¬gsıancas' eTAkan'e®tIysÊwgxagekIt . VrSgbJÇa[ G~kebIkbrbt'LaneTAeq√g rYck*Qb'enATIenaH xag®Cugvt†sEg˚rCab'mat' sÊwg . eyIgcuHBILanehIyk*edIrtamVrSgeTAkan'bnÊb'mYy manTMhMbIEm"®t kn¬HbYn®Cug Edlelak≤ÂnÊVnp†S[Kat'CYlTuk[nageTog . tSgBIeBlenaHmk elakekog-≤ÂnÊEtgEtnS®bBnÏmksYrsuxTuk≈nag eTogCaerogral'eBl ®BmTSgCYyTMnukbMrugluykak'x¬H@eTotpg . nag eTogEtgEteCosvagmincg'CYbelak≤ÂnÊeT edIm∫IkMu[mankaryl'®cLMBI sMNak'PriyaefµagfIµrbs'Kat' . VnkEn¬gsMNak'®sYlbYlehIy nageTogk*epI∆sMbu®tsMulaElgBI muxdMENg®KUbe®gonenA®ksYgsikßaFikar´®BnKr ®BmTSgsMudksMNMulixi tx¬HeTotsMrab'e®bIkarenA´f©e®kay . enAExkJÔaq~S1948 nageTogTTYl

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197

VnsMNMuerOgTSgGs'BI®ksYgGb'rMCatiepI∆mkBI´®BnKr . VnsMNMulixit TSgGs'enHehIy nageTogk*cUleTAbg˙ajx¬ÁnenAGFikardΩan®ksYgGb'rMCa tiext†Vt'dMbg edIm∫IsMueFI√Ca®KUbe®goneLIgvij . ´f©TI12-9-48 nageTog ®tUvcUleTACYbelakGFikarbzmsikßatamkMNt' . elakGFikar®tkUl eg"a Gg¨ycSnageTogk~¨gkariyal&y . eBlcUleTAdl' elakGFikaredaHEvnta ecj®keLkemIlnageTogtSgBIk∫aldl'cugeCIg ehIyniyayy"agKM eraHKMerIyfa – - nag‰gniyayExµrminc∫as' maneQµaHnigrUbragdUcyYn Et®ksYg Gb'rMCatienAP~MeBjVnyl'®Bme®CIserIsnagehIy . xM∆¨sMerccit†fanwgb JÇËnnageTAbe®gonenAsala « JmsIma » e®JHenATIenaHmanyYne®cIn . elakJk'EvntaeLIgvij sresrelI®kdas'mYyman®bEvg2-3bnÊat'CaPa saVrSg rYck*eVHeTA[esµønedIm∫IeFI√sMbu®tCap¬Ëvkar . enHCaesckI†sMerccit†rbs'mÂnI†Exµrm~ak' EdlminxIçsYrnSsamIx¬ÁnsUm∫I mYym"at'k*Kµanpg . esckI†sMerccit†enHCaGMNacp†ac'karmYyk~¨gcMeNam GMNacp†ac'karepßg@eTotCaTUeTAenAk~¨g®sukExµrsm&yski†PUmi . elIsBI enHeTAeTot eKseg˚teXIjsPaBl©g'ex¬A≤tecHBicarNa karx√HFm·emt†a rbs'G~kEdlmanmuxgarsMxan'@k~¨gkarTTYlxus®tUv nigsMerccit†BIerOgGI√ mYy . ebIBMudUec~aHeT kalNasamIx¬ÁnmanlTÏPaBGacykdg√aymkf√ay Vn enHCameF¥aVyd*ski†siTiÏmYyedIm∫IrkfvikabEnƒm ! . nageTogsMulaelakGFikarecjmke®kArg'cSsMbu®tbJÇa . em"ag®bEhl11 elakesµønk*ehAnageTAkan'kariyal&yrbs'elak edIm∫IcuHhtƒ elxaTTYllixit . elakesµønxßwb®Vb'nagfa salaeronenAJmsIma sg'elITwk . edIm∫IeFI√dMeNIreTAkan'TIenaH eK®tUvCiHTUkseN†agCamYyka NUt . enATIenaHmanExµrJk'kN†al yYnJk'kN†al . G~k®KU®tUv®by&t~x¬Á n e®JHmanmUldΩanevotmijmYyy"agFMenATIenaH . ®KUbe®gonenAJmsIma ®tUvEt « KitKUr » CamYyecAh√ay edIm∫IVnvilmkkEn¬g®sYlvij .l. nageTog®tUvvil®tLb'mkTIlMenAvijEdlmancm©ay3K˘m˘edayeCIg TeT . nagminhflanCiHrWum"keT e®JHbJ˙afvika . enAtamp¬Ëv nagedIrbeNI†r yMbeNI†rnwkeXIjGakb∫kiriyaelakGFikar nwkeXIjsMdIelakesµøn Edlbg˙ajp¬ËvedIm∫Iem†c[Vnmkkan'Vt'dMbgvij . nwkeXIjkar®Jt'®Vs' rt'ecal“Bukm†ay edIm∫IeKcx¬ÁnBIevotmij ehIy≤LËv®tUveKbJÇËnx¬Án[eTA

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tMbn'evotmijdEdl . { ! xM∆¨eGIy CatienHekItmkCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam GI√k*evT naem"¬H ? . enAkmı¨Cae®kam evotmijtamrkcab'edayecaTfak∫t'va ˘˘˘mkdl' kmı¨CakN†al eKfaxM∆¨CayYn etIxM∆¨mansJÇatiCaGI√ ? . nagedIrtamp¬Ëvelx1®sbmat'sÊwgsEg˚r . luHmkdl'b"us†i_ nagk*cUl eTATijEtm®bm _ Yysn¬wk edIm∫IepI∆sMbu®teTAelakmafac'-TIhug . nag®keLkeTAxags†SbJÇrkariyal&yb"us†i_ eXIjman®bkasmYybwTenACJÇSg manesckI†CaGaTifa – « salaext†Vt'dMbg®tUvkare®CIserIsesµøn®bcS´f©m~ak' ( sUmbJÇak'

faenACMnan'enaH muxgaresµøn®sIminTan'mansiTiÏeBjeljcUlk~¨g®kbx&NÎk~¨graCrdΩaPiVlenAeLIy ) k~¨gcMeNamnarIenAlIv EdlmanGayuBI20 eTA25q~S . ®tUvecHniyaynigsresrPasa Exµr-yYn-VrSg ehIy®tUvman sJÔab&®t Certificat d'Etudes Primaires Complémentaires FrancoIndochinois » . enAeBlkMBugykcit†Tukdak'emIl®kdas'enH mnusßm~ak'edIrmkekHsµa nagtic@ehIysYrfa – - nag ! nagCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam… ? . - ca±H elak . - nagecHPasayYn…eT ? . - ca±H xM∆¨ecHelak ! . - etInagecHGkßrVrSg-Exµrc∫as'las'…eT ? . nageTogk*bg˙ajlixitbJÇa ®BmTSgbJÇak'sB√®Kb'BICIvitrbs'nagCMrab elakkug®tUl&rb"us†i_ EdlkMBugEtniyayCamYynag . elakF¬ab'eTAeFI√kar k~¨g®ksYg´®bsNIyenA´®BnKrcMnYn3q~S elaksal'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamc∫as'las'Nas' . elakeFI√muxs©ÁtbnÊab'BIVns†ab'karra"yra"b'rbs'nagmk elakmancit†GaNitnageTogCaBn'eBk . elakcab'´dnageTog ehIyk*b JÇiHnagxage®kaysULicrbs'Kat' edIm∫IeTAkan'salaext†Vt'dMbg . eTA dl'ehIy elakb"k'-saem"t k*nSnageTACYbelakcMerIn-bflunerOn EdlCa PUQYyext†TI1enAsalaext†Vt'dMbg . elakTSgBIrniyayK~amYysnʨH rYcehIyelakbflunerOnk*edIrmkniyayCamYynageTogedayemt†aFm·fa – EsÌkenH nagmkeFI√ «ets» CamYyeKcuH . nageTogdwgfa elakyl'®Bm T S g e T I s T S g T a l ' e d a y s a r E t G n † r a K m nB _ Ielakb"k'-saem"tEtb"ueNˆaH

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e®JHelakminEdlsal'Exµrkmı¨Cae®kameT elakk*sµandUcG~k‰eTotEdr fanagCayYn˘˘˘ ´f©EsÌkeLIg TI13-9-48 eBlnageTogedIreTAdl'muxkariyal&y elakPUQYy nageXIjmanyuvnarI5nak'Gg¨ycSenATIenaHrYcCae®sc . na rITSgenaHes¬økJk'sÌatVttamrebobExµrniyayxßibexßøvK~aBIenHBIenaH . cMENknageToges¬økexaexµA Jk'GavskmUl´dEvg Tuksk'ekobeTAe®kay tamrebobExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . buKlikeFI√karenAsalaext†sm¬wgnag®Kb'@K~a edayminEdleXIjTSgsMelokbMJk' TSgrUbrag TSgsk'minEmnyYnmin Emncin ÚkJrsmrm¥dUcCaExµr . nagminhflancUleTACiteKeT edayQr enAEk∫rmat'T√arbnÊb'elakPUQYyTI1 EpÌkx~gnwgCJÇSg˘˘˘ eBlem"ageFI√ «ets» mkdl' KNkmµaFikarehAebk≈narITSg6nak'cUl eTAkan'bnÊb'elakPUQYyTI1 . elakcMerIn-bflunerOndak'ekAGIBiessmYy enAxageq√gKat'sMrab'nageTog . viJÔasarmanbImuxKW – sresrtamsU®t Exµr, sresrtamsU®tVrSg nigkarsnÊnapÊal'mat'CaPasayYn . rYcehIy ebk≈narITSgGs'®tUvenAGg¨ys†ab'lTÏpl . ®bEhlmYyem"age®kaymk elakbflunerOnedIrecjBIbnÊb' jjwm huc´ds†Skan'nageTog ´deq√gkan'sM NMulixit ehIynSnageTACYb‰kåt†m eTB-pn ecAh√ayext†Vt'dMbg . elaksm¬wgemIlmuxnageTogedayegOgq©l' EtelakbflunerOnk*eFI√esckI†raykarNB _ ICIv®bvti†nigbJ˙aepßg@ rYcmkk*bg˙ajlTÏpl «ets» rb s'nag – - sresrtamsU®tExµr KµankMhus . - sresrtamsU®tVrSg KµankMhus . - PasayYnlÌbgÁr . elakecAh√ayext†gk'k∫aljjwmeBjcit†nwglTÏplenH . elak e®kakeLIgdwk´dnageTogeTACYbCMuelxaFikarTSgGs' edIm∫IsYreyabl' . eBlenaHelakb"k'-saem"tk*mkdl'lµm e®JHelakk*cg'dwgBIlTÏpl´n kar®bLge®CIserIsenHEdr . enAeBlenaHelakb"k'-saem"tk*elIk´dFana GHGagfa nageTogBitCakUnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamBit@ . cMENkbuKliksala ext†enAeBlenaHman – elakva"-sMpun, elakBt-saGwum ( elakBt-saGwu

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GflU-CMnit k*elIk´dsMuTTYlsal'nigFanaGHGagEdr . ‰kåt†meTB-pn k*sMercEtgtSgnageTogCaelxaFikar®bcS´f© ( Sécretaire journalière ) TTYlbnʨkxagkicçkarrebob ( Service d'Ordre ) .elak GflU-CMnitCaG~kcat'EcgeFI√sMNMuerOgenH edIm∫IepI∆eTAsMukaryl'®BmBI®ksYg mha´pÊ . ‰kåt†meTB-pn eFI√GMeNay100$dl'nag edIm∫ITijsMelok bMJk'CaExµr . elakV"l'-sMGul PUQYyext†TI2eFI√GMeNay30$ edIm∫I[ nagTijEs∫keCIgfIµmYyKUCMnYsEs∫keCIgeQIkJças'EdlenACab'nwgeCIg nag . ´f©TI11-11-48 nageTogVncUleFI√karenAsalaext†Vt'dMbgtSg BIenaHerogrhUtmk . enA´f©TI20-4-50 elakekog-≤ÂnÊ®tUvp¬as'eTAkan'raCFanIP~MeBj . enA ´f©TI26-7-51 elakekog-≤ÂnÊmanebskkmµmkkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg . elakcUlsMrakedkpÊH“BukekµkeQµaH hU-faj'suk Hô Thanh Sôc mYy yb' . ®BwkeLIgem"ag10 elak®tUveFI√dMeNIrecjBIext†Vt'dMbgcUleTAka n'ext†eJFisat' dUcmanlixitbJÇak' ( Attestation ) CUnPÇab'mkCamYyenH –

SERVICE CENTRAL DE L'ETAT CIVIL DES SUCCESSIONS ET DES SEPULTURES MILITAIRES ---------------139 rue de BERCY 139 PARIS XIIo

ACTE DE DISPARITION ------------GROUPE DES UNITES DE GARNISON DE PHNOM PENH ( Compagnie de Garnison ) Nous soussignés Lieutenant FERMET Honoré, Officier d'Etat-Civil du Groupe des Unités de Garnison de PHNOM PENH, certifions que le nommé KIEN-INH, fils de KIEN-SREY et de THACH-THI-NHIEU, né le 15 Février 1925 à THION LOI, Canton de TRAVINH, province de TRAVINH, département de Cochinchine, Adjudant-Chef Interprête inscrit sous le no 303 au régistre matricule, disparu le 27 Juillet 1951 au kilomètre 16 sur la route de PURSAT à LEACH, province de PURSAT (Cambodge), et que depuis cette époque toutes les recherches auxquelles il a été procédé pour découvrir son sort sont demeurées infructueuses. CIRCONSTANCES DE LA DISPARITION

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Le 27 Juillet 1951, l'Adjudant-Chef Interprête KIEN-INH était désigné pour se rendre à LEACH, province de PURSAT pour y effectuer une séance de propagande. Le convoi qui l'escortait quitta PURSAT à 14 heures at arrivé à LEACH à 15 heures. Il en repart à 17 heures, et à 17 heures 30 au kilomètre 16 de la route de PURSAT - LEACH, il tombe dans une embuscade de Viêt-Minh. A l'issue du combat qui s'est déroulé entre les Viêt-Minh et l'escorte, l'AdjudentChef KIEN-INH n'a pas reparu; aucun témoignage sur sa mort n'a pu être recueilli. En conséquence, l'Adjudent-Chef KIEN-INH est porté disparu (suite combat) à compter du 28 Juillet 1951 à o heure 1 minute ./. Vu : Pour la légalisation Fait à PHNOM PENH le 10 AOUT 1951 de la signature du Lieutenant Le Lieutenant FERMET, Officier d'EtatFERMET Officier d'Etat-Civil Civil du Groupe des Unités de Garnison PHNOM PENH, le Août 1951 Caché et Signé le Lieutenent FERMET Intendant Militaire de 3o Classe es TC, Chef de Service de l'Intendance de Phnôm Penh, Caché et Signé « ´f©27-7-51 elakekog-≤ÂnÊ nayrgGt†elx303, elxaFikarbk E®b Vn®tUvbJÇËneTAkan'®suklac ext†eJFisat' edIm∫IeFI√kareXasnaBn¥ l'®bCaCn . k∫ÁnLancakecjBIext†eJFisat'enAem"ag2resol eTAdl' lacenAem"ag3resol . elakcakecjBIlacmkvij enAem"ag5resol ehIyenAem"ag5kn¬H enA®tg'KILËEm"®telx16 elak®tUvCab'k~¨gkareLam B&TÏrbs'BYkevotmij˘˘˘˘ » . eBlc∫SgtTl'K~aenH evotmijcab'elakekog-≤ÂnÊcg rYcnSykeTA Vt' . VrSgs†ayelakekog-≤ÂnÊNas' e®JHelakCamnusßesµaH®tg'nwg ecAh√aynay ecHniyaynigsresrbIPasa . ®ksYgmansmtƒkicçVnca t'elak ecg Edlmanzann†rs&ki†Ca Aspirant nigCashkarIrbs'elak≤ÂnÊ [tamesIubGeg˚terOgenH . elak ecg tamdanrkGs'3q~S KµanlTÏplGI√ esaH . enAq~S1954 VrSg®tUvdkfyBI≤NÎËcin elak ecg k*cUleTAbMerI k~¨gkgeyaFBlexmrPUminÊ k~¨gzann†rs&ki†CaGnuesniyeTa enAEp~kswkrg

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sl'EthU-faj'sukm~ak'Kt' EdlenAeBlenaHsalaext†k*VnbeN†jec jBImuxgar ehIynireTsBIext†Vt'dMbgrhUt . mansMnYrsYreLIgfa – - ehtuem†celakekog-≤ÂnÊsuxcit†s¬ab'karJrnageTog ? - elakekog-≤ÂnÊ CaExµrkmı¨Cae®kamm~ak' Edlsal'®keyAyYnc∫as' las'Nas' . bg®busrbs'elakm~ak'®tUvevotmijsm¬ab' . elakdwgfa eTaHbIelak®Vb'BITIkEn¬gnageTog…min®Vb' vaenAEtsm¬ab'elakdEdl e®JHevotmijmanKMeragsm¬ab'G~kecHdwgExµr[Gs'putBUC . elakekog-≤ÂnÊCakUn®busTI2rbs'elaktaekog-®sI nigyayfac'-FI jIv . ekItenA´f©TI15-2-25 enAPUmik~¨g®suk-XMuF√wgeLIy, ®sukcUvfaj', ext†®tavij . e®kayBI®bLgCab'DIb¬ËmenAsalan&rm"al'®kugP~MeBjq~S1945 elaksµ&®Kcit†eTAeFI√®KUbe®gonenAsalavt†®bTkßiNnie®Katk~¨gq~S194546 . k~¨gExkJÔa1946 evotmijcab'cgbg®busbegI˚trbs'elakCa®KUbe®gon nSykeTAVt'˘˘˘. bnÊab'mk evotkugtamdancab'x¬ÁnelakeTot . eda ydwgx¬ÁnTan' elakk*sMerccit†rt'ecaltMENg®KU cUleFI√TahanVrSgenA ´f©TI16-10-46 manzann†rs&ki†CaBlVleTa ( Sergent Chef ) nigCael xaFikarG~kbkE®benA®ksYgsni†suxCati´nTI®kug´®BnKr . cMENknageTog nagF¬ab'Vk's∫atx¬acevotmij . naghflanCYlpÊHmYyt´m¬ 200$ (k~¨g®Vk'ExTSgGs'500$) siƒtenAmuxbnÊayTahaneCIg®k hm « TahanVrSg » edIm∫IkarJrGayuCIvit e®JHenAeBlenaH evotmijbeJçjskmµPaBx¬Sgk¬anigeXareXANas' . k~¨gry:eBlEdlevotmijcab'x¬Ánelakekog-≤ÂnÊ nageTog≤tVndwg erOgenHeT e®JHmanTUrelxmYyc∫ab'BI“Buknag [eFI√dMeNIreTAext†®tavij Ca®bjab' edIm∫InwgeTAykbÌËnbegI˚t Kwm-c&nÊ Gayu14q~S Edl®tUvevotkugbM rugcab'bJÇËneTAeb"kSg nigkµÁyrbs'nageQµaHKwm-vNˆa GayueTIbVn6q~S kM®J“Bukm†ay . “Bukrbs'nagVnlYcbeN†aHG~kTSgBIrenHecjBIEdndI rMedaHeTATI®kug®tavij ehIy[nageTAykG~kTSgBIrenATIenaH . nageTog eTAdl'CYbCMubÌËnnigkµÁyenApÊHelakmafac'-TIhug . kMBugEtmanesckI†e®tk GrnwgkarCYbCMuK~a ®sab'EtTTYldMNwgmkfa elaktaKwm-vNˆ: Vncgk sm¬ab'x¬ÁnVt'eTAehIy edaymkBIevotkugbJÇa[Kat'eTACYbnwgvaenAyb'TI bYn e®kayeBlEdlKat'beN†aHG~kTSgBIrecjeTA®tavij . Kat'eFI√Gt†Xat enH edaymkBIKat'dwgx¬ÁnCamunfa evotmijmuxEtnwgsm¬ab'Kat'CaBMuxan˘˘˘.

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enA´f©TI2-8-51 nageTognSbÌËnnigkµÁymkdl'ext†Vt'dMbg . enAeB lenaHelakecgk*®Vb'fa evotmijVncab'x¬Ánelakekog-≤ÂnÊeTAVt'ehIy . nageTogesIÊrqÁtveg√g mindwgKity"agNa . Tuk≈®tYtelITuk≈ minxus K~aBIsm&y17-4-75 mk24-4-79 ( 4q~S7´f© ) enHb"unµaneLIy . elIsBIenHeTAeTot nageTog®tUvciJçwmbÌËn®busnigkµÁyeTIbnwgmkdl' . q~S1951-52 Kwm-c&nÊ®tUvcUleronenAviT¥al&y®BHmunIvgß . Kwm-vNˆacUleronenAsalabzmsikßaenApßarelI . ExkJÔaCaeBlcUlkg . kMBugEt x√l'x√ay®BYyVrm∏BIerOgTijesovePAnig®bdab'®bdar sMrab'bÌËnnigkµÁy ®sab'Et ! manb"UlIsmkdl'pÊH ! bg˙ajdIkarcab'x¬ÁnnageTog . b"UlIsb eNI†rnageTogeTACUnelak®BHraCGaC∆ar edaymanG~kedImecaTb†wg®bkan'fa « naglYce®samexI~yeK ! » . ®sLSgkSg Elgyl'GI√TSgGs'ehIy ! . eBleTAdl'elakKU-run Ca®BHraCGaC∆ar k*ehAG~kedImecaTmktTl'enAcMeJHmuxG~kcugecaT . enAeBleXIjmuxG~kedImecaT nageTogP∆ak'sʨHeTAsMBHsYredayKYrs m rYc{bkyMdMGUjfa – yIbg®kUceTetI ! {bgeGIy eyIgCaG~kkmı¨Cae®kam dUcK~a ehtuem†ck*bgminemt†axM∆¨EdlkM®JEtletalEtm~ak'‰gy"agenH ? bgeGIy ! ebIxM∆¨®tUvCab'Kuk …ebIraCkaredjbJŒb'xM∆¨[Qb'eFI√kar bÌËn®bus nigkµÁyxM∆¨®tUvdac'eJHs¬ab'˘˘˘ ehtuem†ck*bgeFI√VbxM∆¨y"agenH ? . erOge®sa mex~Iyrbs'bgenaH xM∆¨minVndwgTal'EtesaH xM∆¨mindwglYcykmkeFI√GI√ ebI xM∆¨KµanTSgexI~yekIypgenaH . m"¥agvijeTot xM∆¨minEdlsal'pÊHrbs'bg pg etIbgVt'vaenAkEn¬gNa ? . niyaybeNI†ryMbeNI†r EP~ksm¬wgela k®BHraCGaC∆arCab'Canicç . elak®BHraCGaC∆arenAeBlenaHmanyuti†Fm· minVnsYrG~kcugecaTeT EtEbrCasYrBITIlMenArbs'G~kedImecaTeTAvij . luHsYrnSrYcehIy eTIbeK dwgfa G~k®kUcCa®sI «bn» EdlmanlMenAenAmuxsƒaniyrfePI¬gVt'dMbg ehIyEdlmanemCa®sIyYnm~ak'eQµaH «eg√øg-FImWuy» . ®sIyYnenHVnrt' eq√cq√ac KitKUrsUkV"n'eKeFI√em†cedIm∫I[nageTog®tUvCab'Kuk edIm∫IsMercta mbMNg . cMENk‰G~k®kUcrkJk¥eqI¬ynwg®BHraCGaC∆arminrYc rdibrdub k*®tUv®BH raCGaC∆aredjecjBITIkEn¬gkat'eTasenaHeTA . elakEbrmkrknageTog ehIyniyayfa – ebItamc∫ab' karEdlmandIkarcab'x¬Ány"agenH tulakr

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®tUvEtXMunagTuksin . EtebImanG~kNam~ak'cUlmksMuFananag xM∆¨[nagenA e®kAXMuCabeN†aHGasn~Vn . kMBugEtx√l'x√ayy"agenH ®sab'EteXIjelakb"k'-saem"tedIrcUlmk CamYynigelaks~gkarb"UlIs tan'-GukNSeGog . nageTogrt'®tVj'eCIg eTArkelakTSgBIrCMrabBIerOgGkuslenH . elakTSgBIrVns†ab'cb'sB√ ®Kb'ehIyk*jjwmedIrcUlmkkan'bnÊb'elak®BHraCGaC∆a . elakm"k'-saem" tk*cuHhtƒelxaFananageTog[VnrYcx¬ÁnenAe®kAXMuCabeN†aHGasn~sin . nageToge®tkGrNas'k*sMBHlaelakTSgGs' vilcUlkan'salaext† edIm∫IeFI√kareLIgvij . b"uEn† ! BueTÏaeGIy ! raCkarecj®bkasbJŒb'nagBI kEn¬geFI√kar rg'cSkarCMnMuCMrHBItulakarsin . enAeBlenaH nag®tUvGs'Gg˚rrlIg . ´f©enaHCa´f©esAr,_ Kwm-c&nÊkan'kU nVvkJças'mYyedIredayeCIgeTAkan'PUmikac'reTH Edlmancm©ay25K˘m˘ BIVt'dMbg edIm∫IeTAsMuTanGg˚rBImamIgkmı¨Cae®kamenATIenaH . EsÌkeLIg´f© GaTit¥ em"ag®bEhl9®Bwk vNˆaedIr{bkmIgeTogBIe®kayyMhiu@ . - mIgeGIy xM∆¨X¬anVyNas' ! . eBlenaHnageTogedIrdl'®ckTal'ehIy luyEdlenAsl'bni†cbn†Ác bg'Q~ÁlpÊHGs'rlIg etIeFI√y"agem"ceTA ? nageTogeGHx~gkµÁylYgelam[eKgluH®taedklk'˘˘˘ mYysnʨHnag nwkeXIjmeF¥aVymYy k*das'kµÁy[e®kak . - vNˆaGah_ ! kµÁykMst'æm†aymIgehA GrNas'e®kakeLIgesIgmemIugedaysµanfa c∫as'CamanGIj¨SehIy . vNˆaemIlmuxm†aymIg . - cUrkµÁyes¬økJk'ehIyedIreTApÊHBUbwum mIgGWyeTA ( Kat'TSgBIrnak'bI† ®bBnÏenAPUmirMdYl mancm©ay4K˘m˘BIkEn¬gnageTogenA, e®kaymkKat'k¬ayCa“Bukm†ayekµkrbs'Kwm-c&nÊ ) . eBlKat'erobVy[kUn@Kat'j¨ScUrkµÁ yedIrcUleTA kMuxµas'eGon . vNˆaraErkehIyk*sYrfa – - etImIgVnGIBisar ? - mIgGacGt'Fµt'karGt'X¬anVn, nageTogGEgÌlk∫alkµÁyehIyjjw m lYgcit†kµÁyd*kMst' . mIgpwkEtTwk®sHk*GacEqÌtVnmYyeBl@Edr . vNˆaGl'EGkCax¬Sg EtmYysnʨHk*suxcit†edIrecjeTA˘˘˘ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

206

dac'ExkJÔa, nageTogKµanluy200$bg'Q~ÁlpÊHeT . nag®tUvEtkat' kareGonxµas'eTAf√aybgMelak®KU Ekv-sag sgÙraCvt†kMEpgnigCaGnuKNext†Vt'dMbg ehIyEdl®tUvCabgciJçwmrbs'nag . nagTUlerobrab'GM BIkarB¥aVTminsmTMng˘˘˘ EtCaBiessKWnagcg'mksMuluy200$edIm∫I bg'Q~ÁlpÊH . elak®KUEkv-saghucluy[nag ®BmTSgbgab'[eKsg'kUnxÊmmYy siƒtenAxagliceqogxageCIgvt†kMEpg Cab'rbbbnÊayTahaneCIgexµA (TahanexmrPUminÊ) edIm∫I[CIvitd*kMst'TSgbIrs'enACabeN†aHGasn~sin . enA´f©TI10-10-51, em"ag®bEhl2resol, ®sab'Etmanb"UlIs®kug 2nak'cUlmkkan'kUnxÊmnageTog ehIyk*cab'nagTSgbg≈MnSeTAkariyal&y ´ns~gkarb"UlIs®kug . eTAdl's~gkardΩan ®sab'EteXIjbg®kUcnigG~k eg√øg-FImWuyjjwmepInmkrknag . P~ak'garb"UlIsKµansYredjedalGI√BI nageT, ®sab'Etsm¬wgmuxbg®kUc G~kmWuy jak'muxdak'K~a rYccab'´dnagTajbeNI†reTAXMu . luHeXIjmanGMeBIGyuti†Fm·y"agdUec~H nageTogE®skLËLasYrrkxus ®tUv˘˘˘ b"UlIs®cannagbJçËlk~¨gbnÊb'XMuXSg . ®TSElgVn nageTogk*t ´d edaysMBgP~ak'garb"UlIsenaH2-3q&®t . P~ak'garb"UlIsxwgx¬SgNas' k*yar´dTHkMeP¬øgnageTog . b"uEn† ! sem¬gmYyE®skKMhkKMram BIe®kAs~g kardΩanmkfa – - Qb'sin ! Qb'sin ! nageTogemIltamsem¬g KWelaktan'-GukNSeGog . elakE®skbeNI†r®BmTSgcuHBIelILanhßI¨bbeNI†r . elakbk'´dehAP~ak'garb"UlIscUlkan'kariyal&y . mYysnʨHFM elakk*ecjmkCYbbg®kUcnigG~kmWuy . elakcg̨lmux®sITSgBIrnak'rYcniyaysML¨tfa – G~k‰gTSgBIrnak'®tUvec jBITIenHP¬am ebImindUec~aHeT xM∆¨XMuG~k‰gvijehIy . elaknays~gkardΩanedIrmkkan'´dnageTog nSeTAeLIgLan ehIyk* brecjeTA . elakniyayfa elakb"k'-saem"tVnCMrabelakBIerOgr"avd* kMst'rbs'nageTogehIy . elakmanesckI†GaNitmkelInagCaBn'eBk . cMENkerOgEdlekItmaneLIgGm∫aj'mijenH KWvaxusc∫ab'TSg®sugehI y . e®JHsMNMuerOgEdlG~k®kUcbw†gecaTnagenaH kMBugEtbn†enAsaladM bUg‰eNaH . dUec~HerOgGm∫aj'mijenH P~ak'garkMhUcrbs'xM∆¨va®tUvr"UvK~aCamY-

GgkarCanrNa ?

207

yG~k®kUc-G~kmWuy edayeq¬øteBlEdlxM∆¨ecjeTAbMeBjebskkmµenAP~MeB j edIm∫IbMrugrMelaPeFI√Vbnag . nageTogelIk´dsMBHelakNSeGogsMueTasehIysYrfa – ehtuem"†c elakmkTan'eBlEdleKbMrugeFI√Vbnag ? . elakNSeGogemIlmuxnagrYcman®bsasnf _ a– - nagmanbuN¥kuslxıs'Nas' ! enAeBlEdlxM∆¨eTAdl'b"usb †i_ "UlIs ®sukemagÚsßI eKhucTUrelxmYyc∫ab'mkxM∆¨ [vilmkCYbelakext†vijCa bnÊan' . eBlxM∆¨cUlmks~gkardΩan xM∆¨k*eXIj®Bwti†karNe_ nH ehIyk*E®sk bJŒb'P~ak'garenaHeTA . ≤LËvenHxM∆¨®tUveTACYbelakext† EtxM∆¨eq¬øteBl2-3 naTICUnnageTACYb®BHraCGaC∆ar edIm∫I[elakCYyedaH®sayerOgbN†wgG~k ®kUc-G~kmWuy [Vndac'®sLHBIkarecaT®bkan'TTwgTisenH . BIrGaTit¥e®kaymk nageTogTTYldIkarekaHehABIsaladMbUg [cUl s†ab'karCMnMuCMrH . tulakarkat'esckI†sMercfa – - TI1 nageTog®tUvrYcx¬Án . TI2 nagmansiTiÏb†wgtbtTamTarCm©Wcit†BIG~ kedImecaTvij . nageTogsMubdiesFP¬am minb†wgtva"GI√eLIy . nag®bjab'®bjal'sMBHsMuGrKuNelak®BHraCGaC∆ar nigsMulaeTAkan'kUnxÊm JMnSBt·manenHeTA ®Vb'bÌËnnigkµÁy . mkdl'P¬am vNˆaelatmk{bkm†aymIg – - tulakarkat'esckI†[mIgVnrYcx¬ÁnehIy . vNˆajjwme®tkGrNas' EtrYcmkk*E®beFI√muxs©ÁtrYcxßib®Vb'mIgfa – - mIgeGIy, eyIgCitGs'Gg˚reTotehIy . - minGIeT, cSmIgeTAsMuTanBU-mIgeyIgenAPUmikac'reTHedayx¬Án‰g . nageTogGEgÌlk∫alkµÁyd*kMst' lYgelamkMu[Vrm∏ . ®BlwmEsÌkeLIg nageTogmUrVvkJças'mYycgkan'enA´d ehIyecj dMeNIreTAPUmikac'reTH . eTAdl'P¬am bgbÌËnrt'QUrqrmkTTYlsaksYrsux Tuk≈ CaBiesscg'dwglTÏpl´nkarb†wgecaT®bkan'rbs'G~k®kUc . nagVn erobrab'®Vb'bgbÌËnsB√®Kb'˘˘˘˘ eXIjVvkJças'enA´d ®Kb'@K~ayl'BIerOgenH k*nSK~aekIb®sUvCan'Gg˚r edIm∫I®ckVv . kMBugEtrvIrvl'buk®sUv ®sab'EteXIjG~kbrLanQ~ÁlyksMbu®tBIrs n¬wkmk[nag . nageTogebIksMbu®tTI1 Carbs'Kwm-c&nÊ –

GgkarCanrNa ?

208

- mkdl'bgCaTIeKarB, bgeGIy ! manP~ak'garb"UlIs®kugmkrkbgeTotehIy . {bgeGIy ! kmµeyIgGIk*®kas'em"¬H > {eTvtaeGIy ! elakman®BHen®tTiB√ ehtuem†ck* elakminCYykarJrbgbÌËnxM∆¨ CaCnsucritpg ? . sMbu®tTI2 CadIkarekaHehArbs'®ksYgb"UlIs®kug . bgbÌËnP&yeqaeLa ´rluyK~arkLanCUnnageTogeTAkan'®kugVt'dMbg CabnÊan' . eTAdl's~gkardΩan nagrt'jab'eCIgTSgP&yTSgq©l'˘˘˘ ®sab'Et nageXIjelakNSeGogecjmkTTYl ehIyman®bsasnf _ a– - salaext†Vt'dMbgehAnag[cUleFI√karvijehIy ! . ❑

❑ ❑

enAeBlEdlGt'®Vk'Exy"agenH etIG~kTSgbInak'VnGI√briePaK ? CIvitTSgbIenH CaCIvitEdl®kxßt'swgrkG~k®bdUcKµan . EtenA®sukExµr eyIgenAeBlenaH

eKGacBwgJk'K~aeTAvijeTAmkVn . elIsBIkarBwgJk'

enH m~ak'@s√HEs√grksIuQ~ÁlnayTunedIm∫IbÂgb'karx√Hxat . enAeBlenaH ral'@yb' Kwm-c&nÊeTAsIuQ~ÁlefAEkEk-Kwmsflan mças'eragc®kGareQIenA pßarelI . nageTogbe®gonPasayYndl'kUnyYnx¬H . vNˆaedIrtam“Bukma erIssMbkeQI eTAsÊËc®tI cab'k†amx¥g ebHEp¬GMBil .l. luykak'rkVnbni†cbn†ÁcsMrab'Tb'Tl'karx√HxatcSVc' dUec~HeyIgTSg bInak' minGacbriePaK[Vn®Kb'®Kan' nigq©aj'BisartamcMNg'VneT . eB lVy G~kTSgbIGg¨ypÊal'dImuxkUnxÊm˘˘˘ m˙ËbmanEt®tIGSgTTYlTanpÊab' CamYyGMBilxIçbukCamYyGMbilemÊs ( kaleNaHminx√HGMBileT ) . mansMnYrsYrfa nageTogmanTuk≈evTnay"agNaeTA ? - TI1 eBlTTYldMNwgfa “BukeFI√Gt†XatedIm∫IrMedaHkUnnigecABI®kj¨S evotmij . - TI2 eBlTTYldMNwgfa elakekog-≤ÂnÊ®tUvevotmijcab'eTAehIy . Tuk≈®tYtelITuk≈ ! kMBugEtKSgedIm®TUgyMminecj˘˘˘ ®sab'EtG~k®kUc®BYt ´dCamYy®sIyYneg√øg-FImWuy b†wgecaT®bkan'BIerOgkMbiukkMb"ukedIm∫ItamB¥a VT [Vt'bg'kargar [dac'eJHs¬ab'Etb"ueNˆaH . enAeBlenaH nageTog

GgkarCanrNa ?

209

Gs'meF¥aVy KWKiteFI√em"c[EtVnGg˚r®ckq~Sg edIm∫IciJçwmbÌËnnigkµÁy . ❑

❑ ❑

enAcugExtula1951 yayeLIyVnmktamkUn®sIenAext†Vt'dMbg . mkdl'P¬am yayeLIyhuckJçb'mYyy"agFM[kUn®sI . nageTogebIkkJç b'eXIjluy850$ ! . BueTÏa ! nagEsnrIkray≤tåbma yk´dGEgÌlluy GEgÌlehIyGEgÌ leTot ®sab'EtTwkEP~kmindwgmkBINahUreCaKCS !!! nagsMBHm†aysYrfa – etIEm"VnluyBINamke®cInem"¬H ? - kUn®sIeGIy ! e®kayeBlEdl“Buk‰gcgksm¬ab'x¬ÁnehIy ! evot mijEtgEtekaHehAm†ay [eTAemIlK~avasm¬ab'mnusßEdlvaecaTfa «k∫t'» swgEtral'´f© . bnÊab'mkeTot vaeFI√[Em"dwgfa vaVndak'EpnkartameFI√Vb kUn‰gtamry:®sIxUc . Em"P&yNas'mindwgeFI√y"agNaeT . TTYleBl enaHm†ayVnTTYlsMbu®telak≤ÂnÊmYyc∫ab' [erobcMpßMpM¨kUn‰gCamYyyI -vij®TI . e®kaymkeTotEm"Vndwgfa elak≤ÂnÊ®tUveKcab'Vt'eTAehIy . eBlEm"kMBugEtP&y®BYy ®sab'Etelakfac'-TIhugsresrmk®Vb'm†ayfa [eTACYbelakGFikarV"n'-LËv . eBlm†ayeTAdl' Kat'k*Bn¥l'®Vb'bIerOg ®Vk'bMNac' « ra"b'Eb"l » rbs'kUn‰g EdlrdΩaPiVlVrSgVnebIk[k~¨g cen¬aHeBlExF~Ëq~S1946dl'Exkk˚da1948 . ehtudUec~HehIyeTIbEm"sMer ccit†mktamkUnenAVt'dMbgenH . nageTog{bm†ayedIm∫IEf¬gGMNrKuN . Gg¨yKitmYy®sbk' nagk* rlIk´dsMBH ehIyhucluy7000$ CUneTAm†ay®BmTSgniyayfa – - Em" ! ®Vk'4000$enH sUmEm"cat'EcgeFI√ectiyTUkCUnexµacelak“Buk enAvt†®bTkßiNnie®Kat . ®Vk'3000$eTotsUmEm"CUneTAelakyayfac'FIjIv (m†ayrbs'elakekog-≤ÂnÊenAemm"ay bI†s¬ab'ecaltSgBIekµg ‰kUn@ k*®tUvevotmijtameFI√VbTSgbgTSgbÌËn ) . cMENkxM∆¨˘˘˘ xM∆¨Tuk1500$sMrab' cayvay nig´llkTijkg'mYyCiHeTAeFI√kar . ´f©TI11-11-51 yayeLIyk*erobGaJhB _ iJhk _ Un®sIKat'CamYynig yuvCnyI-vij®TI tamTMenomTMlab'®b´BNIExµr enApÊHBUbwm-mIgeGIy

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210

munnwgecjeTAbMeB jebskkmµenAPUmila c

elak≤ÂnÊVnsr-

esrsMbu®tbIc∫ab' . mY yepI∆eTAyayeLIy mY yeTotsMrab'elak®KU eBT¥yI-vij®TI

Edl

Kat'ykeTA[pÊal'´d enAkEn¬geFI√karenAmnIÊr eBT¥®BHektumala Ed lp†S[erobkarCamYy nageTog . mYyc∫ab' eTot

sMrab'nageTog

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ry:®BH®KUEkv-sag enAeBlEdlnageTog eFI√dMeNIreTAykbÌËnni gkµÁy‰ext†®tavij

.

sMbu®tmanesckI†CaGa Tifa – « mkdl'GaeTogCa ectiyelakKwm-vNˆ: enAPUmicug´®B ext†®tvij ( kmı¨Cae®kam ) ftenA´f©TI7-6-93

TIesaks†ay ! GaeTogeGIy, KµanGI√ esaks†ayCagbgs†a

yGUneT . mYyCIvitbgenH ekItTuk≈Cab'Canic碢˘. ebHdUgbgQWcab'ex¬acpßa edaykaresaks†aynUvesckI†es~haGs'BIdYgcit†rbs'bgmkelIGUn

Edl

bgyl'faKµan®sINa®bdUcVn . b"uEn†vasnaGa®kk'Vnt®mUvbEg√gdan [bgCYbnig®sIEdlmanQamC&rCas®tUvnwgsasne_ yIg . eNI˙ycuH enH CaerOgGP&B√rbs'bg . b"uEn†bgKitrUbGUn bgKitdl'GUnCanicç . dUec~HbgsU mGg√r cUrGUn®BmerobkarCamYyGUnyI-vij®TIeTANa±GUnNa± . sUmGUnkMu®b=

GgkarCanrNa ?

211

qSgnwgbN†S rbs'bgenH . efI√dUec~H ebIbgs¬ab'eTA bgnwgbiTEP~kCit˘˘˘ htƒelxa ≤ÂnÊ » . elakyI-vij®TI CakUn®busTI4rbs'elakta yI-tam nigyaytSg-FI lIv . ekItenAq~S1931 enAXMu´g"esog ®suk®takUv ext†®tavij kmı¨Cae®kam . elak®bLgCab' CEPFI q~S1946 . enAq~S1948 evotmijerobcMbJÇËn elakeTAkan'eb"kSg (CMnan'CamYynageTog) . “Bukm†ayelakVnbeN†aH eTAraCFanIP~MeBj . elakmanvasna®bLgcUleronenAsalaKilanub∫dΩak Cab' rYcelakbn†viCÇabecçkeTsEp~kTIBiesaFn_ . e r o b G a J hB _ iJhr_ Yc KUs√amIPriyaefµagfIµmanEthibeQInigE®KsMBt'm~ak'mYyEtb"ueNˆaH . ®kEsn®k ! . ❑ Exemsaq~S1953 ®KYsard*kMst'enHVnTTYlsMbu®tmYyc∫ab'BIelak tayI-tam EdlmanesckI†CaGaTifa – - evotmijsm¬ab'kµÁy®busbegI˚trbs'Kat'eQµaH yI-vijNam . evot mijkat'k∫al kat'´d kat'eCIg CakMNat'@ ecalTukenAmuxpÊH . KµanbgbÌËn Em"“…G~kNam~ak'hflanyM…emIlmuxexµaceT . luHyb'ggitmkdl' eTIbta tamhflanedIreTA®bmUlkMNat'exµacykmkbJç¨HenAe®kaypÊH . ´f©bnÊab'mk eTot evotmijcUlmkcab'kUn®busbegI˚tTI5rbs'Kat'eQµaH yI-faj'etak . rebobvasm¬ab' KWcab'cg´dPÇab'CamYyeCIgdUccg®CUk .

rYcvacgPÇab'eTAnwg

begalkMBs'®bEhl10Em"®t . rUtExßBIelITm¬ak'Cnrge®KaHmke®kam rYcTajeLIgTm¬ak'cuH,

TajeLIgTm¬ak'cuHCae®cInsar

.

munnwgs¬ab'

faj'etakevTnaVk'qÌwg Vk'´d Vk'eCIg s¬ab'k~¨gKMnrQamEsnex¬acpßark Jk¥sresrmin®tUveT . ehtudUcem†cVnCaevotmijsm¬ab'yI-vijNam nigyI-faj'etaksahavem"¬H ? . - yYnGtItevotmijEdlbMerIVrSgenAeBlenaH Cacarbursrbs'evotmij . vaEtgEtnSkgT&BedIrkat'tamcMkardUgrbs'tatam siƒtenAPUmie®Cay

GgkarCanrNa ?

212

Tnßa XMu´g"esog . eBlvaedIrkat'cMkarm†g@ vaEtgEtsIuEp¬dUgxIçCanicç . edI m∫I[VnsIuEp¬ vaykBUefAkab'bMp¬ajedIm p†ÁlmkdI rYceTIbsIuEp¬ hutTwky"a gefakTabCaTIbMput . ´f©mYyBYkvaedIrmkkat'cMkar . kMBugEteq¬q¬arkkab' edImdUg eXIjdUec~aH yI-vijNamnigyI-faj'etak k*eLIgebHdUgTm¬ak'[ BYkvasIu . sIuEqÌts˚b's˚l'ehIy BYkym∏ËVlGs'enaHk*edIrecjeTA˘˘˘®sa b'mYyrMeBCe®kaymk BYkevotmijk*cUlmkdl' ehIyk*ecaTfaTSgBIrnak' enHk∫t'nwgva . bn†bnÊab'mk evotmijk*ykerOgenHmkeFI√CaelsedIm∫Ism¬ab'bMputBUCyI . tatamk*sMerccit†cakecalTIlMenA E®scMkar mk®CksM Nak'CabeN†aHGasn~k~¨gvt†ExµreQµaH « eJFisalraC …vt†kMBg' » Edl siƒtenAkN†alTI®kug®tavij . elaktanSkUn®busTI7eQµaHyI-faj'TIGayu 13q~S nigecA®buseQµaH LS-k√anVn Gayu4q~S Edl®tUvevotmijnS“BukeTA Vt'≤tdMNwg . elak®KUeBT¥®TInig®bBnÏTTYlsMbu®tenHP¬am k*sMuc∫ab'Qb'sMrak sMu sMbu®tedIrp¬Ëv rYcecjdMeNIreTAext†®tavijP¬am . eBleTAdl'ehIyk*VnCY b“Buk bÌËn nigkµÁydUcesckI†®Vf~a . enATIenaH mankumarm~ak'eQµaHKwm-bU Gayu12q~S ®tUvCakµÁyCIdUnmYyG~k®sIeTog nigyuvCnm~ak'eToteQµaHKimsug®Tij ehAKwm-Er"n Gg√rsMuCYyGnue®KaHpg e®JHBYkx¬Án®tUvevotmijbMrug bJÇËneTAeb"kSgqab'@enHehIy . elak®KUeBT¥®TIk*sMercnSykmkkan' ext†Vt'dMbgTSgGs' . nwk@eTAKYr[GasUrtatamNas' enAeBlEdlKat' eKcecjputBIe®KaHf~ak'mkdl'Vt'dMbgehIy eTIbKat'nwkeXIj «yM» . Ka t'yMehIyyMeTotedIm∫IbnÏËr®TUg . e®JHKat'eXIjpÊal'EP~k nUvkarkab'sm¬a b'rbs'evotmijeTAelIkUnnigkµÁyKat'y"agsahav´®B´pßCaTIbMput . enAeB lenaHKat'P&ys¬n'es¬a eP¬cKityM KaMgmat' KSgk niyaysI†Elgecj . man®sI@Cae®cInenAeBlenaH Edl®tUvevotmijsm¬ab'bI† kUn k*siƒtenAk~¨g lk≈N:dUcK~anigtatamenHEdr . cMENkyayeTogk*GJçwgEdr bnÊab'BITTYlkarrukKYnrbs'evotmijmk rt'mk®CkekanenAkmı¨CakN†alevotmij cat'K~atamB¥aVTrhUtmkdl'sm& yGgkar nigrbbGay"gyYn, k~¨gkML¨geBl4q~SKt', Kat'TTYlTuk≈Efm®tYt elITuk≈ral'´f© . kartk'sl¨t s¬n'es¬a eFI√[Kat'KµaneBkyM eFI√[Kat'Qb' ecHyM . luHmanvasnaVnmkdl'®beTsTI3 Kat'man{kassresr®bvti† sa®s†d*CUrct'nigBitCak'Es†g≤tbMepI¬senH .

enA®tg'vKenHKat'®tUvQb'

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213

Gg¨yyMsin yMTal'EtGs'cit† eTIbKat'cab'sresrteTAeTot . ❑

❑ ❑

yYnevotmijeVkExµrkmı¨Cae®kam ´fT © 2 I 1-5-49, VrSgseM rc®bKlT ' k w dEI xrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam[maç se' dm I vj i . Exrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kamKaµ nGk ~ ecHdg w dk w nStvan " g w eK deU cH~ Tk w dk I mC ¨ı ae®kam®tvU Fa¬ kk ' ¨~ gkNa† b´' dyn Y eday®sbc∫abC ' aelk I T2 I . erOgenHVrSgKaµ nkh M s u eT e®JHkaleNaHebrI aCkarExrµ VnTk w dk I mC ¨ı a e®kamBV I rSg eKGace®bobVneTAng w sts √ a√ EdlVnEpd ¬ g U GJg wç Edr . Tk w dk I mC ¨ı ae®kamst ƒi enAe®kamkar®tt Y ®tarbsV ' rSg Gsr' y:eeBlCt i my Y stvtß . EtraCkarExrµ esaHGegy I mn i rvlx ' l √ n ' g w erobcK M eM ragEpnkaredm I ∫®I Kb ®KgTalE' tesaH . py ¨Ê eTAvj i yn Y manEpnkarrbsv' a edaye®KagTk u tSgBq I S~ 1945mkemH¬" ‹ mn u db M g U vacatk ' arsma¬ b' ng i kc M ayra®sE† xrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam CaBei ssGk ~ ecHdg w [sa¬ bG ' s' . Gk ~ EdlenAslB ' s I a¬ b' kr* tx ' aç tx ' aç yecal®sk u rVt " ' rVy " exa¬ cpßa . ‹ bnaÊ bm ' k vaerobcrM ebob®Kb®' KgedaybEM bkCa®km u @ . vadg w fa®km u enH®tvU eFe√I nH ®km u enaH®tvU eFe√I naH . e®JHehtd u c U enHehy I VnCaenAeBlEdlVrSgdkfyBk I mC ¨ ı ae®kam Pa¬ m vamanKa~ vaeBj®Kb®' ksg Y . rc Y ehy I vakG * nvu tE† pnkarkeM TcExrµ kmC ¨ı a e®kamteTAeTot . edm I ∫« I tbsg ~ sgKN u » EdlExrµ VnCy Y vakeM TcedjVrSg yn Y evotmi jk®* bml U Exrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kamEdlCasmaCk i smaKmmt i P † aBExrµ -yn Y TSgGs' rc Y nSykeTATk u [sa¬ be' calqg wÌ enAhaNy U manelaksg W -ePOkrtn_ ng i elakLS-´fCaedm I . rc Y ehy I valbb ' V M tX ' a¬ «smaKmmt i P † aBExrµ -evot Nam»Pa¬ mk[ uM EbkkarN_ . EtvarkßaXa¬ enHTk u nSykmke®bI edm I ∫eI VkExrµ enAkmC ¨ı akNa† lmy Y elk I eTot .

GgkarCanrNa ?

214

‹ dUceyIgeXIj®sab'ehIyfa bnÊab'BIVncUlmkratt∫atk~¨g®sukExµr edaydak'bn†¨bGay"gvarYce®scVc'k~¨g´f©7-1-79, enA´f©18-2-79 yYn haNUykumµ¨ynis†k*nSX¬a«mit†PaBevotNam-kmı¨Ca» mkeLIgvijP¬am edIm∫IeVkExµrmYyk†areTot . Eb¬kEtJk¥mYym"at'KWvafa «kmı¨Ca» CMnYs «Exµr» Etb"ueNˆaH . edIm∫I «tbs~gsgKuN» ra®s†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamEdlxMeFI√E®s eFI√cMkar ci Jçwmst√ rYcbg'BnÏ (Ngugêt Phi)) [vaenaH, vabiTsalaeronCaPasaExµrP¬am. bnÊab'mkeTot vaecj®bkasbit®Kb'TIkEn¬gfa CnCatiExµrTSgGs' CaCnCa tiyYn eTaHbIG~kNaecH…minecHPasayYnk*eday . erOgenH®BHsgÙExµrk mı¨Cae®kam VneFI√Vtukmµ®bqSgy"agx¬Sgk¬aNas' . EpnkarTI1rbs'vaVnsMercdUcbMNg . rYcehIyenAExmina1958 vak* E®beQµaHBIevotmijfaCaevotkugeTAvij EtvaCa®kumdEdl CayYnhaNUyd Edl EdleFI√tambJÇaEpnkarrbs'hU-CImijTSgGs' edIm∫InigvatTIykTwk dIkmı¨CakN†alteTAeTot . e®kayBIsWg-g"ukmijbegI˚tVnExµrevotmijenA´f©TI19 nigTI28 Exmifuna 1951mk, enA´f©20-9-52 hU-CImijVn®bkasCaåLariknigdac'Nat' edIm∫ICabN†Sfa – eKalCMhryuTÏsa®s†rbs'eyIg KW®tUvykevotNam[VnTSgmUl ®Bm TSg®beTslav nig®beTsExµr cab'tSgBImat'T√ar´n®beTscinPaKxagt∫Ëg rhUteTAdl'e®CayTwkexµA, BICYrP~M≤NÎËcinEb"kxagekIt rhUteTATl'e®tIy Ten¬emKg ( Notre objectif stratégique est de reprendre tout le Viêt Nam, le Laos et le Cambodge, de la porte de la Chine à la pointe de Camau, de la côte de l'indochine aux rives de Méking ) . e®JHehtuenHehIyVnCaTSgevotmij TSgevotkug TSgExµrGay"gEdlCaGtItExµrevotmij vaxM®bwgE®bgGnuvt†tambN†SenH . k~¨gkML¨g20q~S vabegI˚tVneQµaH «GgkarGnamik» EdlmansPaBexµAggitGnÏkaCaembJÇakarrbs'va . Ggkar≤trUbrageT EtGgkarman≤TiÏBly"agx¬Sgk¬a Gac ®bmUlkll∫icrbs'yYnevotmij EdlvaVnsab®BYs edIm∫Ism¬ab'nigkMcayExµrenAkmı¨Cae®kamBIq~S1945dl'1954 enaHykmkGnuvt†enAkmı¨CakN†aleTot eday®Kan'EtEkT®mg'bni†cbn†Ácb"ueNˆaH . vaGacsm¬ab'ExµrG~k ecHdwgswgEtGs'rlIgeTAehIy cMENk‰G~kenArs'k*rs'TSgveg√grg√an'

GgkarCanrNa ?

215

PSgP&n†sµartI . ®sab'Et≤LËvenH vaelcecjmuxyYnhaNUyCabUdUyc∫as'®kELt edIredayesrI eFI√®BegIykN†al´®B´n®beTsExµrdUceyIgVneXIjpÊal' EP~kenH . yayeTogGFib∫aymkdl'®twmh~wg Kat'k*f©ËrdMGUjfa – bN†almkBI yUnhaNUyCaevotmijrkerOgsm¬ab'kMcayExµrkmı¨Cae®kamenHehIy Edl xM∆¨minGac®TSenA®sukkMeNItVn . xM∆¨®tUvEtnSbÌËn@nigkµÁy@ cakecalTwkdI kmı¨Cae®kamEdlCaekr†m i_ rtkBIdUnta Tuk[vakan'kab' . xM∆¨®tUvEteKcx¬Ánmk sMNak'enAkmı¨CakN†aledayVt´dTeT . ®Vk'ebovtßbni†cbn†ÁceyIgxM snßMsM´cedIm∫Ibg'Q~ÁlpÊHnig´f¬m˙ËbEtb"ueNˆaH . e®kAem"ageronnigeFI√kar eyIgnSK~aedIrrkrbre®kAEpßpßMbEnƒmelI®Vk'Ex . lTÏplVnmkCaTIKab' ®besIr EdlKYr[sresIrdl'kUnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamTSgenaHNas' . K~axMtsflU eronsU®tluH®taEtVnmuxgard*smrm¥erog@x¬Án . - Kwm-c&nÊ CasaÂs†acar¥be®gonPasaVrSg (®tUvGgkarsm¬ab') . - Kwm-sug®Tij ehAKwm-Er"n CasaÂs†acar¥Can'xıs' nigCaelxaFikar TUtTI2 enAsƒanTUtGar"ab' ( ®tUvGgkarcab'x¬ÁnTSgbI†TSg®bBnÏ bJçËlKukTYl Es¬genA´f©TI15-6-77 rYcVt'x¬ÁnrhUtmk ) . - yI-faj'TI Cavis√krxagelahFatu Vnbn†viCÇaenAshrdΩGaemriknig ®beTsCb"un (Vt'x¬Án) . - Kwm-vNˆa CaG~kbecçkeTsxagftrUbTUrTsßnn _ igPaByn† eFI√karenA kariyal&yG~knSJk¥´nrdΩaPiVl ( Porte-parole du gouvernement ) . - Kwm-bU CaGnuesniy‰k eFI√karenAext†ekaHkug ( ®tUvGgkarsm¬ab' ) . - LS-k√anVn CaGnuesniyeTakgT&Bm"arInenAmUldΩane®Caycg√ar ( Vt'x¬Án ) . cMENk‰®KYsarxM∆¨ eyIgmin®BegIykenI†yeLIy . eyIgsnßM®Vk'Ti jE®scMkar TijdIPUmi dSdMNS dSedImeQIsIuEp¬ . eyIgciJçwmman'Ta®CUk . eyIgmanCIk®sHFMciJçwm®tI . ral'@eBleyIgxM®bwgeFI√kar . eBlyb'eyI gbUmTwke®sacdMNSnigedImeQI, eBl®BwkmunnwgecjeTAeFI√karxM∆¨[cMNI man'Ta®CUk . eq¬øteBlva"kg xM∆¨eTArkmnusßeFI√E®s . k~¨gry:eeBl20q~S ®KYsareyIgman®TB¥sm∫ti†d*s†¨ks†m∏ ≤tmanx√HxatGI√eLIy . ≤LËvenHq~S1979 yYnhaNUydEdlCaevotkug lYcbn¬M®Ckk~¨gTIggi

GgkarCanrNa ?

216

te®bIeQµaHGgkar, xM∆¨®tUvrge®KaHm†geToty"agF©n' . xM∆¨®tUv®Jt'bI† ®Jt'kUn@ ®Jt'kµÁy@ .l. emIlcuH ! Kwm-c&nÊCasmaCikbkßExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpn, Cashka rIrbs'mit†sflU ®tUvGgkarsm¬ab'enAExtula1976 . ebIsmaCikExµr®khmEdlKµankMhusGI√esaHenaH ®tUvGgkarsm¬ab'eTAehIy cuHTMrSEtG~kEdlmin EmnCaExµr®khmvij etIvasnaG~kTSgenaHnwgeTACay"agNaeTAvij ? . - cMENk‰®TB¥sm∫ti†rbs'xM∆¨EdlxMksagsnßMmktSgBI20q~SenaH k* ®tUvm"dΩGs'rlIgCaelIkTI2 . ≤LËvenHxM∆¨enAsl'EtVt´dTeTm†geTotehI y cuHebIxM∆¨GayuCag50q~SeTAehIy etI[xM∆¨eFI√y"agem"ceTA ? . niTandl'®twmh~wg yayeTogtwgebHdUg KSgbMBg'kedayQWcab' xwg nwgyYnhaNUy Kat'dYl®bUseTAelIdI edks†Ëks†wgenAmYykEn¬g . eBlenaH nagyI-®TIra"daP&ys¬n'es¬art'eTA{bm†ayTSgyMhWu˘˘˘hWu ! . q~SenHra"daGayuVn24q~SehIy . nagCaGtItnisßitevCÇbNiÎt . tSgBIdwg kI†kalNamk nagEtgEteXIj“Bukm†aysMNak'enAxage®kayvt†rMdYl ®ku gVt'dMbg k~¨gPUmi®KwHd*FMs˚wm´s˚mYy Edlsm©MenAkN†alcMkarEp¬eQI®Kb' mux . xage®kaypÊH man®sHbIFM@ . mankEn¬gciJçwmst√ nigmanE®scMkarCae®cIneTot . Kat'mankargareFI√d*smrm¥ manrfyn† Peugot 404 elx P˘B˘8292 sMrab'CiHeTAeFI√kary"agmenarm¥ . ra"daminEdlæm†ay…“BuknagniTanerOgd*kMst'QWcab'enHTal'EtesaH . nagk*{bm†ayyMehIyyMeTot nwkGaNitm†ayminKYrGImkF¬ak'x¬Ándl'f~ak' h~wgesaH . eBlenaH´f©k*rHlµm !

❑

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GgkarCanrNa ?

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CMBUkTI19 yayeTogk*elIkGMErk®TB¥sm∫ti† EdlKat'xMb†ËrCIvitlYclak'Tuky"ag lMVk ( ®TB¥enHebIGaTmiLeXIj vasm¬ab'Kat'ecalP¬am ) dak'elIsµa rYc beN†Irmit†Pki†tamp¬Ëv®sbmat'sÊwg cUlkan'TI®bCMuCn®sukemagÚsßI . edIr beNI†ryayeTogKyKn'beNI†remIleTsPaB´ncMkarEp¬eQI®Kb'CMBUkman dUg s√ay lµ¨t x~¨r emon edImTwkedaHeKa ®kUc®Kb'Fun EdlduHenACab'Citmat' sÊwg Edl®tUveqHex¬acsl'EtedIm vinashinehacedaycMVMgKYr[s†ay . pÊHnigPUmi®KwHFM@ ®tUvBYkGaTmiLruHerIdwknSecjGs'rlIg . sl'EtCeNI†r eFI√BIGidΩnigkMeTcGidΩ . yayeTogmanGarmµNn _ wkeXIjbkßExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpn eF√s®bEhs®tUvcaj'eVkGgkarGnamikF©n'EsnF©n' Kµank sagCatiGI√Tal'EtesaH KitEtBIbMp¬ajnigsm¬ab'Catix¬Án TIbJçb'®kumExµr®k hmd*qÁtlIlaenH ®tUvGgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'ecalexÊc . cMENk®bCaBl rdΩExµrk~¨gmYynKr Edlesssl'enArs'®tUvGgkarc∫Ëtyk®TB¥sm∫ti† Gs'rlIg ®Kb'@K~asl'EtVt´dTeT TIbJçb'®tUvGgkarekoredIrJs´®B esIÊrs¬ab'esIÊrveg√g . yayeTogrevIrvaynwkdl'®twmh~wg ®sab'Et…kUn®sIrbs'Kat'E®sk ®Vb'fa – m"ak'eGIy ! eyIgcUlsMrakk~¨gcMkarEp¬eQIxageq√g´d eyIgbbr hUbsin . ®sI@TSg15nak'k*beNI†rK~acUlkan'cMkard*FMl√wgelI√y manedIm eQIsIuEp¬®Kb'muxb"uEn†sl'EtedIm Emknigs¬wks√it®kjg'@ . eBlenaHra"da val'Gg˚rBIrkMb"ugkn¬HbbrEckK~ahUb . ®sI@TSg15nak'kMBughutTwkbbr ®sab'Etæmnusße®cogbThU-CImij®tg'X¬a « GUn@sgÙwmfaGMuhUGayumYy mWunq~S » . yayeTogEbrEP~ksm¬wgmit†@rbs'Kat'mYysnʨH rYck*dak'canbbrcuH ®BmTSgniyayfa – « xM∆¨eTAemIlnrNae®cogbTh~wg » . yayeTogedIrt ®mg'sem¬genaH . GujKat'P∆ak'®sLSgkSg edayeXIjbUdUyekµg@bInak' enAelIedImeQI bInak'epßgeTotQrenAnwgdIkMBugbeJçjskmµPaBbn†Exß lYs . bUdUyTSgenaHmanGayuy"age®cIn18q~Sb"ueNˆaH . yayeTogniya yeTAkan'bUdUyfa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

218

- eKarBkUn@ kUn@suxsb∫ayeT… ? kUn@eFI√GIh~wg ? . bUdUybg˙ajGakb∫kiriyaP∆ak'q©l'k*sYrrebobxusTMngfa – - Em" ! Em"eFI√em"cgakputBIs¬ab' ? BIe®JHGgkar®tUvEtsm¬ab'yYnEdl ekItenA®sukExµr ehIyEdlmin®BmeTAtamevotkug[Gs' .

bUdUym~ak'enA

Ek∫renaHF¬ak'Twkmux k*eqI¬yEkt®mUvfa – - BYkkUnminsµanTal'EtesaHfamanyYnsl'enArs'˘˘˘ yayeTogmanGarmµNs _ gß&ynUvGakb∫kiriyaenH Kat'sgß&yk*bEg√g dansYrfa – -etIkUn@eFI√GI√ ? . - ®kumeyIgkMBugbn†ExßlYs BITI®bCMuCn®sukemag…sßIeTAkan'PUminana dUcCaE®sGYr camlÌa CaedIm . yayeTogQrsm¬wgkayvikarrbs'kUnyYnhaNUyTSg6nak'ekµg@ mankSePI¬g´dEt3edIm kMBugbMeBjebskkmµbn†ExßlYsedayesrIkN†al ´®Bs©at'k~¨g®beTskmı¨CaminTMngy"agenH Kat'cg'E®sksYr[EbkemXEb kdI Ebk´®B®Bwkßafa etIGgkarrvl'eTANa ? etIExµr®khm®Kb'@®kums¬ab'´t ehagGs'eTAehIy… ? ehtuem"ck*caj'≤TiÏBlGakUnyYnhaNUyEt6nak' ekµg@minTMngy"agenH ? . yayeTog®KvIk∫alrYcsMulabUdUyvil®tLb' eTACYbmit†@rbs'Kat' . eBlenaHk*eXIjG~k®sIbUrIedIrt®mg'mkrkKat' ®BmTSgelIk´dcg̨l . yayeTog®keLkEP~ksm¬wgtam´dcg̨lenaH reTHeKa2pʨksuTÏEtlYs

Kat'eXIjenAelIf~l'man

manbUdUy4nak'mankSePI¬g´d2edImkMBugbrreTH

ecosecjBIp¬Ëv edIm∫I[LanmYye®KOgebIkbrq¬gkat' . KWLanEdlCab'pug kN†alsÊwgenAPUmiGn¬g'kUb BImßilmijenaH‰g . ´f©enHLanenH®tLb'vil mkvijmanExµr®khmnirtIcMnYn30nak'

man®sIman®busCiHCamYybUdUymux

jjwmrIkray . eBlenaHraÂs†ExµrVneXIjExµrnirtICiHLanCamYybUdUy k*manKMnity l'epßg@xusK~a . - manraÂs†ExµrmYyPaKEdlBicarNaminditdl' k*THKUfE®skeday e®tkGr . BIe®JHyl'®cLMy"agF©n'sµanEtExµr®khmnirtI30nak'enH®tUvbU dUycab' . - manmYyPaKeTotdUc®kumyayeTogCaedIm ekHK~aQrsm¬wg®Kb'@K~a

GgkarCanrNa ?

219

tUccit†eFI√muxs©Át BIe®JHyl'faCakll∫icfIµmYyeTot rbs'yYnhaNUy vaebIkbrLan®bmUlExµrnirtInSykeTAciJçwmbMJk'eKalCMhrtamEpnkarfIµ bMJk'GavuF[eLIgvij E®beQµaHfIµrYcbeJçj[sIusac'hutQamraÂs†ExµrCM nYsvateTAeTot . ´f©22emsa1979 em"ag2resol ®kumyayeTogbeNI†r K~abn†dMeNIrcUlkan'TI®bCMuCn®sukemagÚsßI .

yayeTogEtgEtKyKn'

emIleTsPaB®sbbeN†aydgp¬Ëv eXIjcMkarEp¬eQI®Kb'FunEdlecalKµa nnrNaEfTSk~¨gry :eeBlbYnq~Sk*si√t®seJnCSJseBj . cMENkpÊH kEn¬gNak*dUckEn¬gNa

eXIjsl'EtkMeTc≤dΩnigepHKYr[s†ayEsn

s†ay˘˘˘ yayeTogk*revIrvaynwkeXIjBIyb'´f©TI28 kum∏: 1948 Kat'eTIbGayu 20q~S Kat'VnGg¨ys†ab'eg√øg-van'TijCaemevotmijBn¥l'fa ebIeFI√sÂgamCamYyExµr KWyYn®tUve®bImeF¥aVyeTIbQ~H . eyIg®tUve®bIkll∫icbMEb kbMVk'j¨Sg[yl'®cLMkab'cak'sm¬ab'K~a eFI√[Gs'sgÙwm rYcswmeyIgec jmuxbg˙ajfa eyIgmkCYyeFI√[mansgÙwmeLIgvij . bcç¨b∫n~enH®tUvEmn dUec~HyYnhaNUymingayeVHbg'ecalKMnitelb ykkmı¨CaeLIy . yYnhaNUy®tUvEtBn¥aeBl[yUr edayxIç´dGay"gBImY yeTAmYyeTot [Vj'kab'sm¬ab'EtK~a‰gvk'vIteTAeTot . enAeBlEdlnageTogrt'mkdl'®beTskmı¨Ca nagEtgEtEvkEjk®V b'eromc∫gGMBIåVyklrbs'yYnevotmij EdlnagVnGg¨ys†ab'eday pÊal'®tecok nUvGtƒaFib∫ayrbs'eg√øg-van'Tij tSgBIq~S1948mkem"¬H . b"u En†Kµanbg@Nam~ak'ykcit†Tukdak's†ab'eLIy . nageTogxMBn¥l'bg˙aj GkßrBiessEdlevotmij´q~®bDitdak'eQµaHPUmi, XMu, ®suk, ext†, nKr´n®b eTsExµr sMrab'carkicçrbs'vae®bI . åTahrN_ – A -> kmı¨Ca, A+B -> P~MeBj, A+B1 -> Vt'dMbg, A+B1+A -> ®suksEg˚ A+B1+A1 -> XMus√ayeV", A+B1+A2 -> XMuGn¬g'vil .l. k~¨gq~S1973 Ep~kswkext†Vt'dMbgcab'VnbUdUyCayYnhaNUym~ak' Gayu18q~S Ca®kumkSePI¬gFM . eBlenaHelakvr:eesniy‰k v&n-s√ag CaG~k TTYlxus®tUvsYrcemI¬ybU dUyenH VnsMuBwgyayeTogCYyBinit¥esovePA EdlenACab'nwgx¬Ánva ( enAk~¨gesovePAenaHmanGkßrsm©at'dUcEdlVnerob rab'enAxagxagelI®sab' ) . eq¬øteBld*lÌenaH yayeTogxMEvkEjknUv kll∫icnigEpnkarrbs'yYnhaNUyCaevotmijdak'Tis

®tUvEtvatTIyk

GgkarCanrNa ?

220

TwkdIkmı¨Ca[VnbJçËlk~¨gshB&nÏ≤NÎËcin . b"uEn†eBlNak*dUceBlNa Edr enAeBlEdlyayeTogxMBn¥l'BIerOgenH Gs'elakTSgenaHEtgEt esIckac'kkac'®sg'rYceqI¬yfa – « yYnhaNUyCaevotmijkI†CaevotkugkI† vaylsbi†eTetI ! etIvaeFI√GIeyI gekIt ebIsB√´f©varkEtVysIuKµanpg ! » . manelakx¬HeFI√Úk®kGWtsMLk'sMLwgyayeTog

BIk∫aldl'cugeCIg

emIlgayeBb®CayeqI¬yrebobsI†benÊasfa – « hIu ! bg‰g[t´m¬yYnhaNUyNas' ! » . KYr[s†ayGs'elakTSgenaHNas' edaymindwgTal'EtesaHfa yYn haNUymanJk¥mYyX¬aEcgfa – « ebIsinCaG~kmineTAvayswkenAkmı¨Ca G~knwgdac'eJHs¬ab' - EtebIG~k eTAykVyrbs'kmı¨Ca G~knwgmanP&B√vasna Gacrs'enACabn†eTAeTot ! » ( Si tu ne va pas te battre au Kampuchea, tu mourras de faim ! Si tu y va prendre son riz, tu auras de chance de survivre ) . cMENkyayeTogKat'yl'fa bg@Exµrcit†raymayNas' ExµremIlga ys®tUv emIlgayG~kraykarNh _ Ysehtuy"agenH Kat'k*eVHbg'Qb'nw knarhUtmk . ≤LËvmaneQµaHGgkarGnamik Gac®cank∫alExµr®khm®Kb'nin~akar[ nSkll∫icrbs'hU-CImij ykmksab®BYsJseBj®beTsExµr k~¨gry: eBlEtbYnq~S j¨Sg[nKrExµrTSgmUlEdlsMbUredaysuPmgl eday®TB¥FnFan [rlayeTACaepH . ExµrkMBugGs'sgÙwm ®sab'EtyYnhaNUy CaevotNamcUlmkCYy[mansgÙwmeLIgvij . kMBugrevIrvaynwkeXIjerOgGtItkal ®sab'EtmanG~kE®skeLIgfa – « eyIgmkdl'pßar®sukemagÚsßIehIy » . yayeTogæsMdIenH k*®keLkEP~ksm¬wgmYy®tYs Kat'lan'mat'f©Ërfa – « {eTvtaeGIy ! emIlcuHTI®bCMuCn®sukmYyTSgmUl sl'EtkMeTcGidΩ nigepH eXIjEtemXnigdI . yayeTogbeNI†rmit†@rbs'Kat'edIrkat'sƒani yrfePI¬g k*eXIjTUrreTHePI¬gCae®cIn≤tKNna®tUvGgkardutbMp¬ajecal . q©ayBITIenaHbni†c xags†S´dmanvt†buraNmYy ®tUvGgkarvaybMp¬ajecal xUcxatexÊcxÊI . enAk~¨gbrievNvt†enaH eXIjsuTÏEtexµacLanKµanm"asIun®K b'FunCae®cInJn'e®KOgrV"t'rV"yJseBj .

GgkarCanrNa ?

221

®sI@emm"ayTSg15nak' k*beNI†rK~aedIrevogTIenaHmkkan'p¬ËvCatielx5 . ´f©TI22-4-79 em"ag®bEhl10yb' eyIgedksMrakelIcieJIçmf~l'p¬Ëv elx5xags†S´deTAkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg . edkpÊal'dI BwgdICakenÊl Bwgem XCadMbUl k∫alekIy®TB¥sMNl'Cacuge®kaybgÌs' . yayeTogsm¬w gemIlraÂs†ExµrCae®cInEsnnak'edIreBjf~l' Vt´dTeTdUceKeTIbecjBI eragkun . edIrKµanTisedATSgyb'TSg´f©BIemagÚsßIeTAVt'dMbg Edlman cm©ayCag50K˘m˘ . KWmYyCYrxags†S edIrcUlkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg mYyCYr xageq√gedIrecjBIVt'dMbgeTAemagÚsßIvij . ®Blwm´f©TI23-4-79 yayeTogbbYlmit†@rbs'Kat'bn†dMeNIrtamp¬Ëv Catielx5eTAkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg . em"ag®bEhl10®Bwk ®kumyayeTog mkdl'PUmi kekaH Kat'VneXIjbUdUy3nak'kMBugetagebHEp¬s√ay . xag eCIgbni†c 3nak'eTotenAe®kamedIm®ksSg muxjjwm QrpÊwmceg˚HemIlExµr «rt'swk» . bUdUyCayYnhaNUyekµg@TSgenHKµanGavuFeT . nwkKYr[esIceKakEmn ! ehtuem"ckUnyYnhaNUymanvasnamkpÊwm ceg˚HemIlExµrCamças'®suk Cae®cInEsnnak'kMBugs¬n'es¬aePosx¬Ánrt'ecj BI´®B rt'ecjBIkN†ab'´dExµr®khm Vt´dTeT®Kb'@K~ay"agenHeTAvij ? . yayeTogk*bbYlK~acuHeTAsMrake®kamedIm®ksSgenaHEdr . bUdUyk* sYrfa – etImanEm"NaecHniyayPasayYneT ? . eBlenaHyayeTogKat' GHGagfa Kat'ecHniyayyYn ! Kat'CaCatiyYn ! bUdUysMEdgÚkJrdUcCaP∆ak' vasm¬wgmuxK~amYysnʨHrYcvaniyaydUc®ku mbUdUymunEdr . vasYryayeTogfa – - ehtuem"cEm"‰gsl'enArs' ? BIe®JHGgkar®tUvsm¬ab'GaNikCnyY n[Gs'Na± ! . yayeTogmanGarmµNq _ ©l'Esnq©l' nUvÚkJrbUdUyTSgenH . b"uEn†Ka t'eFI√dUcCae®tkGrCa´®kElg EdlVnCYbyYnsasnC _ amYyK~a Kat'sMusYr esckI†suxTuk≈BIenHBIenaHbn†ic rYc®bjab'sMulabUdUybn†dMeNIreTAmuxeTot . enAeBlenaHKat'eXIj GabUdUym~ak'eKceTACYbK~avaEdlkMBugebHs√ay QrxßibK~amYysnʨH rYck*beNI†rK~aTSgbYnnak'eTACYbCMuK~ae®kamedIm®ksSg . manbUdUym~ak'niyayTn'P¬n'lYgelamyayeTognigyI-®TIra"da [enAsM rakCamYyBYkvamYyyb'sin . yayeTogyl'famin®sYleT BIe®JHÚkJr bUdUyTSg6nak'enHKYr[sgß&yNas' . minbgÌg'Kat'k*sMula®kumvaecjdM-

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eNIrP¬am . em"ag®bEhl6l©ac ®kumyayeTogmkdl'KILËEm"®telx30 KWPUmi´®B dMrI cMk∫alE®srbs'Kat'EdlmanTMhM200m˘X1 1000m˘ . eBlenaHyay eTogKat'E®skyMdUckUnekµg yMhUrTwkEP~keCakfıal' Kat'yMehIyyMeTot BIe®JHtSgBIbIq~SmkehIyKat'eP¬cyM KWcab'tSgBIEBlEdlGgkarbJÇa[ Exµr®khmcUlmkcab'cgelakyI-vij®TI CabI†rbs'Kat'nSykeTAsm¬ab' esckI†tk's¬t'rnÏt'd*hYsehtuenHj¨Sg[yayeTogdYlsn¬b'Vt'sµartICa e®cInem"ag luHKat'P∆ak'dwgx¬ÁneLIgvij Kat'eP¬cyMrhUt . eTIb´f©TI23-479 enH®sab'EtKat'nwkeXIjecHyM Kat'yMecjTwkEP~k Kat'yMbeNI†rKat' niyaybeNI†rra"yra"b'®Vb'mit†@rbs'Kat'beNI†rfa dIE®senHmanTMhM20 hikta Ca®TB¥d*sMLaj'rbs'Kat' . Kat'rksIulUtlas'edaysardIE®s enH . BIskraCsem†cnigelakln'-nl' Kat'nigbI†EtgEtnSkUnTSg6nak' CiHLanpÊal'x¬Ánmkkan'E®senHswgral'´f©GaTit¥ nS®KYsarj¨SVy . kUn TSg6nak'E®ske®cogelatrSelgkN†alvall˙el˙v mhaEsnsb∫ayrI kraymenarm¥ ®bkbedaysuPmgld*bribUN· . Kat'minsµanTal'EtesaH fanwgmane®KaHf~ak'dl'nUvvinashinehacCaelIkTI2dUec~HeLIy. eBlenaH yayeTogelIk´dcg̨lvalE®sd*FMl√wgelI√yCab'tambeN†ayp¬ËvCatiel x5 ®BmTSgeFI√GtƒaFib∫ayfa – - GUn@emIlcuH®beTskmı¨CaeyIg minx√HvalE®sTal'EtesaH man®sa b'@ emIldac'knʨyEP~k ehtuem†cGgkarTukecal[esµAduH®Tub®Tuly"ag enH ? ehtuem"c GgkarEbrCadak'kMENn[ExµreTAlubbwg eTAkab'q˚arbMp¬aj´®BeQIlÌ@edayykelsfa ykdIeFI√E®seTAvij ? CaBiesseTAeTot kEn¬gTSgLayenaHPaKe®cInCakEn¬g®Kuncaj' ®tUvQWs¬ab'y"agsahav e®JHKµanf~SkarJrTal'EtesaH . yayeTogbbYlmit†@rbs'Kat'edksMrakenAelIvalE®sd*kMst'rbs' Kat'mYyyb'sin . yayeTogedkpÊal'dI k∫alekIyP¬WE®s sMLwgemIlem XExEc®t xıs'®tEdtexov®sgat'KµanBBk . cit†rbs'Kat'nwkeTAdl'bI†EdlF¬ab'kMst'kMrCamYyK~a . Kat'nwkeXIjfa T®mSnwgeronVnCanaymnIÊrBiesaFn_ bg®TI®tUveronG s'Cae®cInq~S . bg®TIminEdlkan'kSePI¬gtTl'cMeJHKUbdibk≈NaTal'Et esaH . bg®TIEfTSEtG~kCm©WenAmnIÊreBT¥FMVt'dMbgtSgBIq~S1951dl'19

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75 . G~k®sukenA®kugVt'dMbg PaKe®cInTSgExµrTSgbreTsTTYlsal'bg ®TICaeBT¥manbecçkeTsd*®twm®tUv mancit†ecHCYyG~k®kxßt'Edlrge®KaH f~ak' CYyåbtƒm∏G~kCm©WF©n'@EdlKµanbgbÌËn erIsekµgkM®JykmkciJçwm . cMENkbgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kam bg®TICYyemIlCm©Weday≤tKit´f¬ CYyciJçwm [eronsU®t . ral'@eBlmkkan'PUmi´®BdMrIenH bg®TIEtgEtnSykmknUvf~SdUcCa Gani dans, Aspirines, Pénicillines CaedIm ®BmTSgnMcMNInigsMBt'exaGav dak'Ta n[G~k®suk . bg®TImancit†sb∫¨rsy"agenH ehtuem†cVnCaGgkarsm¬a b'bg®TI ? erOgKYr[cEm¬k ®bCaCnenAkg´®Bs√ay TSg®bCaCnfIµTSg®bCa Cncas' TSgKN:k kmµkarkg TSgQ¬b manmit†ekadi mit†er"tCaedIm eBldwg faman®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg cUlmkcab'cgbg®TInSykeTAsm¬ab' k*yM esaks†ay®Kb'@K~a . mit†ekadiniyay®Vb'mit†er"tenAcMeJHmuxyayeTog fa x¬ÁnKat'cg'rMedaHmit†®TIEdr EtKYr[s†ayNas' Kat'´llkeFI√minTan' . mit†ekadibJÇak'fa mit†®TIecHksagx¬ÁnlÌNas' Kat'®Kan'EtCaeBT¥ ehtu em†ck*GgkarbJÇa[sm¬ab'Kat'GJçwg ?˘˘˘ yb'enaHyayeTogedkminlk'Tal'EtesaH Kat'nwkdl'esaknadkmµ EdlGgkareFI√mkelIbI†Kat' . Kat'nwkdl'kar®Bat'BIbI† EdlsiƒtenACab'Ca nicçk~¨gebHdUgrbs'Kat' . ®Blwm´f©TI24-7-1979 yayeTogbbYlmit†@rbs'Kat'bn†dMeNIreTA muxeTot . Kat'manvicarNJÔaNnwkGaeNacGFm·GasUrdl'raÂs†ExµrEdl Casasns _ ¬ËtbUt sucrit suPaBTn'P¬n' ®Kb'@rUbman®TB¥sm∫ti†mF¥m . ®Kb'@®KYsarrs'enAsuxekßmkßan†y"ag®sYl edaymanvtƒ¨FmµCatisiƒtenACMu vijTIlMenAKµanx√HGI√eLIy . CaBiessminEdlGt'X¬an minEdllMVkevT naeLIy . mkEtBI®bmuxrdΩ TSgski†PUmi TSgExµr®khm x√HsmtƒPaB eF√s®bEh sbeN†ayx¬Án[caj'klåVyrbs'GgkarGnamik j¨Sg[®bCaCnExµr mYynKr Edlesssl'BIs¬ab' eTACa®krehmrhamVt´dTeT manEtGav examYybn¬as'Cab'nwgx¬Án beNI†rK~aedIreTA KµanTis KµanedA BwgdICaE®K Ca kenÊl BwgemXCadMbUl rs'enAe®kamek†A kN†aleP¬øg kN†alx¥l' . yayeTogkMBugrevIrvaynwkeXIjesckI†rgTuk≈evTna´nraÂs†Exµr ®sab'

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Etæra"da kUn®sIrbs'Kat'E®skehAfa – m"ak'eGIy ! eyIgmkdl'PUmikac' reTHehIy . yayeTogQb'Qr®TwgmYysnʨH Kat'®keLkEP~kKyKn'emIlPUmienH mYy®tYs eBlenaHebHdUgKat'keÂJÇalE®skyMTb'minQ~H . yayeTog yMdUcmnusßqÁt yMehIyyMeTot BIe®JHPUmikac'reTHenH Kat'sni~dΩanTukCa ®sukkMeNItrbs'Kat' . raÂs†ExµrenAPUmienHKWExµrkmı¨Cae®kamTSgGs' Edl nS®KYsarrt'eKcBIGMeBI´®B´pßrbs'evotmij rkerOgsm¬ab'bMputBUC mk®Ck enAsuxsan†CayUrq~SmkehIy . yayeTogeKarB®sLaj'rab'GanG~k®suk PUmienHdUcbgbÌËnbegI˚t . PUmienHsiƒtenA®sbbeN†ayp¬ËvCatielx5 man cm©ayBI®kugVt'dMbg®bEhl25K˘m˘ . BImunq~S1975 PUmienHmanpÊHvILalÌ@Cae®cIne®KOg PaKe®cIneFI√GMBIeQI manedImeQIsIuEp¬®Kb'Fun dSCaCYr@B&TÏCMuvijpÊHTSgenaH . enA´f©enH PUmikac'reTHk¬ayeTACa´®Bvli¬B&TÏ . vILaTSgLayenHeXIj EtkMeTc≤dΩ . cMENkedImeQIsIuEp¬®Kb'@Funsi√t®kjg' ePI¬geqHex¬acKYr[ esaks†ayNas' . G~k®sukePT®busenAPUmienH ®tUvGgkarsm¬ab'ecal Cae®cInJn'nak' e®JHEtK~amanedImkMeNItCaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . yayeTog nwkeXIjkalBIbYnq~Skn¬gputeTA eBlEdlGgkarecjbJÇaedj®bCaCn [fyecjBITIlMenA eBlenaHyayeTog-ta®TI nSkUntUc@®VMnak'ePos x¬Ánmkkan'PUmienHenAem"ag®bEhl10 ´f©TI24 emsa 1975 . mkdl'dMbUgKat'P&ttk's¬¨tswgsn¬b' e®JHKµaneXIjnrNaTTYlxus ®tUvTal'EtesaH . Kat'edkyMesaks†ay®TB¥sm∫ti† . b"uEn†kaleNaH yayeTogenAsl'®TB¥d*sMxan' KWkUn®VMnak'nigbI† . ≤LËv´f©enH em"agdEd l ´f©dEdl xusEtq~S Kat'mkdl'PUmidEdl EtKat'enAsl'EtkUn®sITI2 m~ak'Etb"ueNˆaH . eBlenaHyayeTogE®skyMm†geTot edIm∫IbnÏËr®TUgEdl kMBugQWcab'ex¬acpßa . manEtTwkEP~keTEdlCYylYgelamKat'[eP¬cnUv GnusßavrIyn _ anaEdlkn¬ghYseTA . yayeTogyMbeNI†r®BmTSgbbYl mit†@xM®sUtdMeNIreTAkan'TI®kugVt'dMbg Edlmancm©ayEt23K˘m˘eTot Etb"ueNˆaH . yayeTogminhflansMrakeT Kat'xM®sUtdMeNIr BIe®JHKat'®s´mfal©a cenH Kat'nwgeXIjpÊHvILanigcMkarEp¬eQI®Kb'muxrbs'Kat' . yayeTogmanTwkEP~kCab'Canicç BIe®JHp¬ËvCatielx5

manGnusßavrIy_

GgkarCanrNa ?

225

y"age®cIn≤tKNna . kalBIedIm®KYsarrbs'Kat'EtgEtnSkUn@CiHLan edIrelgkMsan†tamp¬ËvenHral'@´f©GaTit¥ . ❑

❑ ❑

CMBUkTI20 ‹ yayeTogmkdlT ' ®I kg u Vtd ' b M g ‹ Cb Y taGag ‹ ®bvt†i FULRO,, kgTB & kEnßgs, Emk " hk &√ ß ‹ ®bvtå †i kja" sn W -Ky u ‹ yn Y begt ˚I Exrµ fµI ‹ yn Y manGavF u ya" ge®cn I ´f©TI24-4-79 em"ag®bEhl7l©ac ®kum®sIemm"ayeyIgTSg14nak'k* mkdl'PUmivt†rMdYl EdlsiƒtenAxagekItTI®kugVt'dMbg . yayeToge®tkGrNas' Kat'GnÊHsareq¬q¬a rkp¬ËvcUleTAkan'cMkarnig pÊHrbs'Kat' . yayeTogveg√g®cLMrkp¬ËvcUlmineXIj BIe®JHGgkarGnamikEk´q~vt†rMdYl [xussƒanPaBBIbYnq~Smun . kalBIbYnq~Smun PUmie®kayvt†rMdYlmansg'pÊHvILalÌ@y"agsmrm¥ KYr [KyKn' KYr[sb∫ayrIkray . Ep~kCab'nwgdIeFI√GMBI≤dΩ Can'TImYyeFI√GMBI eQI . B&TÏCMuvij´nvILaTSgenH KWedImeQIsIuEp¬dUcCa dUg, s√ay, x~¨r, lµ¨t emon, sUkULa, Ep¬TwkedaHeKa, ®kUc®Kb'Fun nigs√aycnIÊCaedIm . ≤LËvedIm eQIsIuEp¬TSgenHsi√tgab'JseBj ePI¬geqHex¬ac .

e®JHtMNagrbs'Gg

GgkarCanrNa ?

226

kar ebIeKcg'hUbEp¬dUg ®tUvEtkab'edImdUg ebIcg'hUbEp¬eQIepßg@ eK®tUv Etkab'Emk . enAmuxpÊHvILarbs'yayeTogmanp¬Ëvf~l'mYy xagt∫Ëgf~l'enHcm©ay ®bEhl50Em"®t manf~l'mYyeTot . p¬Ëvf~l'TSgenH PÇab'BIp¬Ëvf~l'mat'sÊwg sEg˚ q¬gkat'Tm¬¨HcMkarEp¬eQInigpÊHvILanana rhUtdl'p¬ËvCatielx5 . ≤LËvenH GgkarbJÇa[CIkbMp¬ajp¬Ëvf~l'TSgBIrcMkN†al edayyk elsfaeFI√p¬ËvTwk . Gmsg≈agp¬ËvTSgBIrenHmanpÊHvILacMnYn300x~g Ggkar bJÇa[ruHerInSecjGs'rlIgeXIjenAsl'EtkMeTc≤dΩnigCeNI†r . xagt∫Ëgvt†rMdYl Ek∫rvt†labmanpßarmYyeQµaHpßarvt†lab GgkarbJÇa[ruHerIdwknSecjGs'rlIg k¬ayeTACavalesµA®Tub®Tul dUec~HPUmivt†rMdYl k¬ayeTACaPUmimYyEdlman´®BB&TÏ KµanGI√CasMKal' . yayeTogbeNI†rmit† rbs'Kat'edIrcuHedIreLIg TTIsTTasy"agyUr ´cdn¥VnCYbnag f . nag sal'p¬Ëv k*nS®sI@emm"ayTSg14nak'enaHcUleTAkan'cMkaryayeTog . eTA dl'P¬am yayeTogs¬¨tcit† mat'E®skfa – BueTÏa@ ! rYcdYl®bUselIKMnr≤dÏ

exµacPUmi®KwH (vILa) rbs'yayeTog (ftenA´f©TI1-1-1993)

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227

EdlVk'EbkexÊcxIÊenaH . Kat'KSgmat'sƒÁtbMBg'k niyayminecj . BIe®JHpÊHvILarbs'Kat'sl'EtkMeTc≤dΩ nigbnÊb'bgn'mYyTMhM3Em"®tbYn®Cu g . pÊHvILaenHman2Can' TTwg10,50m˘ beN†ay16m˘ . Can'e®kameFI√GMBI ≤dΩ CJÇSgfµduHfµlag . Can'elIeFI√BIeQIkekaHnigsu®km sƒabnaBIrq~SeTIb rYce®scenAcugq~S1970 . cMENkedImdUg®tUveKkab'rMlMexÊcxIÊ .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

228

vs¬ab'k*eday . cMENkEm" Em"Cab'BlikmµenA‰kgTYls~Ël‰eNaH . tSg BIkUn®sIenHmkdl'kg´®Bs√ay Em"eTIbCYbnageBlenH . dUec~HebIkUn@min GacGnue®KaHTukCIvit[nageT edaysarnag®b®Bit†xus Em"sMuesI~[kUn@s m¬ab'Em"CamYykUn®sIenHcuH . Em"sMus¬ab'CamYykUnenHehIy ! Em"sMus¬ab'Ca mYykUnenHehIy ! . ®kumXatkrenHCabkßExµr®khmnirtI ®Kb'@K~aeFI√muxs©Át bg˙aj≤riya bfGaNitxM∆¨Edr . luHeKbeNI†rxM∆¨nigGgra"eTAdl'kgTYls~Ël xM∆¨®tUvEbkec jBI®kumXatkr xM∆¨®tUvEbkecjBIkUn®sIeTAkan'kEn¬gErgknÊk' . xM∆¨QanV nEt2-3CMhanb"ueNˆaH xM∆¨dYlsn¬b's†ËkeTA . l©aceTIbdwgx¬ÁneLIgvij em kan'k†ab'Ep~kkin®sUv®Vb'xM∆¨fa ®kumXatkryl'®BmelIkElgeTas[Ggra" ehIy . tSgBIeBlenaHmkVt'dMNwgrhUt » . yayeTog{bkUn®sIyMbn†eTAeTot . cMENkGgra"k*{bm†ayyMhIu@ ®BmTSgGFib∫ayerOgd*kMst'rbs'nagdUcteTA – - ´f©l©acenaH ®kumXatkrbeNI†rxM∆¨ ehIysYredjedalfa etICag2q~S mkehIy mit†minEdlCYbEm"eT… ? - xM∆¨eTIbCYbGMVj'mijenH . ®kumenHbeNI†rxM∆¨eTAdl'mUldΩan bwgkI eKk*eTACYbCMuBiPakßaK~ay"agyUr ®sab'EtehAbeNI†rxM∆¨cUleTAkan'´®Be®CA edIreTA@tSgyb'KµansMrakeLIy. CitP¬Wk*eTAdl'eCIgP~MmYy rYceK®bKl'xM∆¨[®kumeyaFadak'Tis[xM∆¨Esgexµac . xM∆¨enACab'CamYyeyaFarhUt . eq¬øteBleyaFaVj'sm¬ab'K~a eXIjEtexµacJs´®B xM∆¨k*pßge®Bgrt' cakecjBITIenaH . xM∆¨rt'kat'´®BCae®cInyb'e®cIn´f© eTIbmkdl'TI®kugVt'dM bgenA´f©TI23-3-1979 . Em"nigkUn®sI2nak'VnmkCYbCMuK~aelIkMeTc≤dΩ TSgGs'K~amanEtTwkEP~ k bg˙ajfa «kMst'Nas'@» . Ggra"manEtexanigGavdac'dacmYybn¬HCab' tamx¬Án . taGageXIjbriyakasEsnGab'GYrdUec~H Kat'k*edIrmkGEgÌlx~gyay eTog EP~ksm¬wgkµÁy®sITSgBIrEdlkMBuge®tkGrmanvasnaVnCYbbgbÌËn vij. edIm∫IelIkTwkcit†yayeTog elaktaGagcab'epI†mniyaylYgelamfa– - bgmanP&B√vasnaxıs'Nas' EdlGacrYccakputBIe®KaHc´®gGs'enH

GgkarCanrNa ?

229

minEtb"ueNˆaHesat bgVnCYbkUn®sITSgBIrnak'eTot . elaktaGEgÌlx~g yayeTogm†geTot rYcniyaybn†fa – - kalBI´f©TI24-4-1975 em"ag®bEhl10 manXatkrd*cEm¬kmYy ®kumK~a10nak' manGavuF®Kb'´d cUlmkrksm¬ab'®KYsarrbs'bg . vasna lÌ bgnS®KYsarcakecjputeTAehIy

.

®kumXatkrd*cEm¬kenHbeNI†rK~a

vil®tLb'eTAvij edaykat'tamvt†rMdYl . BYkvaVnCYbnwgxM∆¨kMBug®sg'Twk xagt∫Ëg®BHvihar ( kaleNaHtaGagenACa®BHsgÙenAeLIy )

Cab'p¬ËvedIr

ecjBIvt† . mit†CaemsYrxM∆¨fa etIeXIj®KYsareBT¥®TI…eT ? enAeBlEdlem vakMBugsYrxM∆¨enaH K~avam~ak'EdledIrCamYyniyayeLIgfa ®tUvtamsm¬ab'®KYsareBT¥®TIecalTSgGs' e®JHCabMerIln'-nl' CaemerIsT&BkEnßgs Ca emerIsTahanln'-nl' . kUnc∫grbs'vaCaTahanJk's&ki†BIr . eBlCamYyK~aenH æsMnYrrbs'emeKpg ! ækarCECkK~adUec~Hpg ! xM∆¨k* ´llkeqI¬ybEg√gdanfa GatµaeXIjeyaFamYy®kumcUlmknSykecjeTA tSgBI®Blwm . GatµaVneXIjBit@ Etfaelak®TICaeBT¥ EbbeKnSelak ykeTAeBT¥eTdwg ! . eBlenaHKµannrNaeqI¬y …EvkEjkGI√eT eK®Kan'Et sm¬wgxM∆¨dUccg'elbTSgrs' . mit†emdEdlenaHniyayfa ®tUvEtkMeTcpÊHvILaenH » . elaktaniyaydl'®twmenH k*elIk´dcg̨lkMeTc≤dΩ . ❑

❑ ❑

eBlenaHbriyakass©at'e®cobmYyelIkeTot mYysnʨHæG~k®sIbUrIsYr fa – - bgeTogGa± ! etIkgT&BkEnßgsCakgT&BsIÌ ? yayeTogelIk´dcg̨lelaktaGag ®BmTSgniyay®Vb'mit†@rbs' Kat'fa elaktabYsCa®BHsgÙtSgBIekµg elakCa®BHsgÙBiessd*Gsçar¥ . elaktamanstism∫CJÔ:es~hanigGaNitExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . elakta hflaneFI√Blikmµ®Kb'Ebby"agCYyåbtƒm∏dl'kgT&BkEnßgs . dUec~HxM∆¨Tuk ParkicçenHCUnelaktaCYyBn¥l'bÌËn®sI@nigkUnTSgGs' [sal'krNiykicç nig®bvti†kgT&BkEnßgs . cMENkxM∆¨ xM∆¨sMusMrakbni†c . elaktaGag cab'epI†mGFib∫ayra"yra"b'fa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

230

- e®kayBIsni~siT≤NÎËcinenAP~MeBjq~S1965rYcmk ®bCaCnPaKticEd l®tUveKCiHCan' k*e®kakeLIgb®gYbb®gYmK~abegI˚tCarNsirßmYyEdlman eQµaHfa – h√¨fllr"U ( FULRO: Front Uni de Libération des Races Oprimées ) . Exµrkmı¨Cae®kameyIgk*sµ®Kcit†cUlCasmaCikhfl√¨lr"UenHEdr . ®bCaCnExµr kmı¨Cae®kamEdlrt'eKcBIGMeBI´®B´pß´nyYnsm¬ab'kMcay mk®CksMNak' enAk~¨gext†Vt'dMbg EdlmanxM∆¨CaG~kdwknS k*eVHeq~ate®CIserIsEtgtSg bgeTogCaGnu®bFan ( EdlmanelakraC-xUn Ca®bFanenAeBlenaH ) . TI s~ak'karsiƒtenAk~¨gvILabgeTogenH . bg®TI bgeTog eFI√Blikmµ®Kb'Ebby"ag eq¬øt´f©GaTit¥bMeBjkrNiy kicç ecjeTAkan'PUminanaEdlmanExµrkmı¨Cae®kamrt'mk®CksMNak'enA Kat' xMBn¥l'ENnS[sal'[yl'nUveKalbMNg´nrNsirß KWdMNak'karCadM bUg ®tUvkarJr®bCaCnPaKticEdl®tUveKCiHCan' . dUec~HExµrkmı¨Cae®kam Ed lkMBug®tUvyYnCiHCan'bMVt'BUCsasn_ eyIg®tUvEtsµ&®Kcit†cUlCasmaCik edIm∫IkarJrBUCsasnE_ xµrkmı¨Cae®kam[Kg'vg' eyIg®tUvEtxMpßay[BiPBelakdwgsal'tamrNsirßhfl√¨lr"UenHfa Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamKWCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ minEmnyYneT . BIq~S1949 VrSgyl'®cLM®bKl'[eTAyYn . yY nvatTIykdac'e®scenAq~S1954 e®kayBIVrSgcakecjBI≤NÎËcin vabMVt' BUCExµrkmı¨Cae®kam KWvabwTsalaeronCaPasaExµr vaecj®bkasbg≈MraÂs†Exµr kmı¨Cae®kamcMnYn4lannak' EdlCamças'TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamBit@ [kan'katCa CatiyYnTSgGs' . karBitExµrkmı¨Cae®kamTSgenHmanmYyPaKe®cInkan'kat yYn b"uEn†minecHPasayYnTal'EtesaH . dUec~HedIm∫IKS®Thfl√¨lr"U eyIgk*Vn begI˚tkgT&BenHeLIg . mUlehtuenHeTIbGgkarbJÇa[kMeTcpÊHvILaenH . yuvCnsµ&®Kcit†cUlbMerIkgT&BkEnßgs PaKe®cInKWExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . meF¥a Vye®CIserIs nigbJÇËneTAkan'mUldΩanrMedaHenAext†Vt'dMbgenH KWenAelI smaKmExµrkmı¨Cae®kam nigrNsirßhfl√¨lr"U®bcSext†Vt'dMbg EdlmanxM∆¨ bg®TI nigbgeTogCaG~kTTYlxus®tUv . k~¨gq~S1970 ®beTskmı¨Ca®tUvrge®KaH sÂgampʨHeLIg kgT&BkEnßg sdwgc∫as'fa bN†almkBIsem†cn˘sIhnu®tUvcaj'eVkyYnhaNUy Ca evotkug kgT&BkEnßgsk*sµ&®Kcit†rMlayCYrk~¨gExåsPaq~S1970 rYccUl mkrYbrYmbMerIkgT&BCatisaFarNrdΩ Edlmanelakln'-nl'CaemdwknS .

GgkarCanrNa ?

231

k~¨gq~S1972 GtItkgT&BkEnßgs manPaKe®cInrt'ecjBIkgT&BrdΩaPiVl rYcmkCYbxM∆¨ bg®TI bgeTog Ef¬gesckI†esµaH®tg'esaks†aynigsarPaBfa k~¨gkgT&BrdΩaPiVlrjI¨r´j"®bkan'bkßBYk . mYykgvr:esnatUc eXIjEt nSK~aJk's&ki† x¬HCaGtItemXMu CasaÂs†acar¥ manx¬HCatMNagraÂs† .l. Gs'elakTSgenaH ®sLaj's&ki†Nas' Jk's&ki†eBj@elIsµa . b"uEn†min sUvmanelakNak¬ahanhflanbUCaCIvitnST&BecjeTAbÂg˚abxµSgedIm∫IkarJr TwkdIeLIy . BYkeKe®cInrynak'Edlrt'ecalCYrkgT&B bN†almkBIGMeBI Gyuti†Fm·nana . b"uEn†®kumeKenAEtKS®T TTYlsal' eKarB®sLaj'elak esna®bmuxln'-nl'dEdl . ®kumeKmanbMNgd*emaHmutsµ&®Kcit†bUCaCIvit karJr®beTskmı¨Ca Edlmanelakesna®bmuxCaG~kdwknS . ❑

❑ ❑

enAeBlenaH®kumGtItkgT&BkEnßgs EdlmanelakKwm-gYn®tac nig fac'-Ca CaGtItemT&BkEnßgs Vn®suH®sYlKMnitK~aeFI√Jk¥mYymancuH htƒelxaKS®T epI∆eTAsMuGnuJÔatBIelakln'-nl' cat'EtgtSgbg®TICavr: esniy®tI edIm∫ITTYlxus®tUvelIkgvr:esnatUc Edl®kumGtItkgT&BkEnß gssµ&®Kcit†bMerI . kn¬gputEtCagkn¬HEx bg®TITTYlTUrelxmYyBI®ksYge®CIserIskg T&B GeJIÇjbg®TI bgeTogeTAsYreyabl' . eBlenaHelakKwm-gYn®tacCUneTACamYyEdr . bg®TI bgeTogeqI¬y edaysmrm¥fa Kat'minhflanTTYlbuN¥s&ki†d*FMsMebImenHeT BIe®JHKat' x√HsmtƒPaB . b"uEn†erOgCYyCati minEmnrt'cUlmkJk's&ki† eTIbehAfaCYy CatienaHeT ! . bg®TI bgeTogsµ&®Kcit†CYyCatitamsmtƒPaB nigbecçkeTsEdlKat' manBit®Vkd ®besIrNas'eTAehIy eTaHKat'minJk's&ki†dUceKk*eday k* Kat'sn¥afa Kat'enAEtbn†karåbtƒm∏TMnukbMrugGtItkgT&BkEnßgsCanicç ta msmtƒPaBEdlKat'GaceTAeFI√eTAVn . e®JHJk¥ «kgT&BkEnßsnigJkßExµrkmı¨Cae®kam»Vncarkb'enAk~¨gebHdUgrbs'Kat' Kat'minGaclHbg'…bM eP¬cVneLIy . kn¬gput®bEhlmYyEx bg®TI bgeTogTTYlVnesckI†

GgkarCanrNa ?

232

bJÇaebskkmµsm©at'mYy cuHhtƒelxapÊal'´drbs'elakln'-nl' cat'Et gtSgbg®TI Ca®bFane®CIserIskgT&Bk~¨gcMeNamGtItkgT&BkEnßgs KW EtGtItkgT&BkEnßgs . manesckI†bJÇamYyeTot cat'tSgGnuesniy‰k BIrnak'KW elakfac'-Cug nigfac'-eGog nig®BinÊVleTam~ak'eTotKW fac'-rg' mkCYyefI√karGmbg®TI . TIcat'karnigsMNak'enA enAk~¨gpÊHvILabgeTog enH . cMENkkUnTahan sMNak'enAk~¨gvt†rMdYlnigvt†lab . TahanTSg LayenH®tUvbJÇËnbJçËlk~¨gkgEm"kh√&kß ( Mike's Force ) EdleTIbbegI˚t kgvr:esnatUcfIµ@bEnƒm . k~¨gExemsaq~S1975 TahanEdlbg®TIe®CIs erIsfIµsMNak'enAvt†labcMnYn300nak' sMNak'enAvt†rMdYlCag300nak' . mUlehtuenHeTIbGgkar[Xatkrtamsm¬ab'bMputBUCbg®TI . eBlenH G~k®sIPin sMusYrelaktaGagfa – - kgT&BEm"kh√&kßl∫Il∫ajBUEks√its√ajEp~kvayswk ehtuem†ck*beN†ay[®beTsExµrvinashinehacdl'f~ak'enH ? . elaktaGagGFib∫aybn† – kgT&BEm"kh√&kß KWGtItkgT&BExµresrI KW suTÏEtExµrkmı¨Cae®kam KWCakUnecArbs'elaksWn-g"ukfaj' . elaksWn-g"u kfaj'Bn¥l'[sal'krNiykicç KWkMeTcs®tUvedIm∫IkarJrCatinigTwkdI elakBn¥l'[sal'c∫as'

yYnhaNUyCas®tUvsYrBUCrbs'CatiExµr .

elakGb'rMbN†¨Hstism∫CJÔ:es~haCatiy"agmut . elaklt'dMdl'kMBUl j¨Sg[kgT&BEm"kh√&kßmancritrwgbwug s√ahab'k¬ahan CaBiessbMputman cit†tsflUs√its√aj ecHGt'Fµt'nUvkarlMVk®Kb'y"ag . ®Kb'@rUblHbg'ecal ®KYsareTAenA´®B minEdlsal'sIuq©aj'-edk®sYleT . k~¨gq~S1970 ®beTsExµrF¬ak'cUlk~¨gP~k'ePI¬gsÂgam ®sab'EtelaksWn g"ukfaj'TTYldMNwgfa enA´f©TI27emsa1970 bUdUyecjmuxvaykMeTc Exµrln'-nl'vij . dUec~HelakeFI√BlikmµsMerclb'kgT&BExµresrI elak[ eQµaHCakgT&BEm"kh√&kß rYcelakbJÇËnmkkan'®beTskmı¨CaCaelIkTI1enA ´f©TI30emsa1970 . k~¨gExmifuna1970 elakVnTTYldMNwgeTotfa bU dUyCae®cInmWunk∫alecjmuxvaykMeTcext†kMBg'FM c∫Sgx¬ÁnTl'nwgx¬ÁnCamY ykgT&BCatiExµr . mUlehtuenHelaksMercbJÇËnkgT&BEm"kh√&kßcUlmk CYyExµrenA´f©TI30mifuna1970 . CaelIkTI3enA´f©TI19kJÔa1970 . TIbMputelakbJÇËnTSgGs' ®bKl' CUnelakln'-nl' . elaksWn-g"ukfaj'mandMbUnµanbni†cbn†Ácp†STukfa kUn

GgkarCanrNa ?

233

ecArbs'xM∆¨enHsal'krNiykicç nigParkicçy"agc∫as'Nas' . b"uEn†®kumenH åbmadUcst√x¬aminEdlsal'sac'eT . sMukMubgab'[vaecHsIusac'[esaH. mundMbUgCakgT&BsÌatsÌM mYykgvr:esnatUc manTahan®Kb'cMnYny"ag®tw m®tUv y"agerobry CaBiesssal'krNiykicçk~¨gsmrPUminimYy@ kMeTc xµSg[braC&y [Vk'mux . T&BenHk*cab'l∫IeQµaHeBj®beTsExµr j¨Sg[ emT&Bepßg@x¬HeTotEdlx¬ÁnJk'Ets&ki† Gg¨yEtk~¨gkariyal&y ekItman esckI†®cENn . maneBlx¬H kgT&BkMBugCab'´d®byuTÏCamYyxµSgCitGs' ®Kab'rMesv cat'tMNagcUlkan'rdΩFanIP~MeBjsMuCMnYy elakEdlTTYlxus ®tUve®KOgsm∏ar:EbrCaTar «´f¬TwkEt» eTAvij . manemT&Bcit†Ga®kk'x¬H EbrCa[Jk¥sm©at' ( Mot de passe ou Password ) eTAxµSg bN†al[kgT&BEm"kh√&kß®tUvrge®KaHs¬ab'y"age®cIn . ma neBlx¬Hkar®cENnenHekItCavivaTvaytb'K~aJseBjrdΩFanIP~MeBj . bnÊab'mk manecjbJÇabg≈M[begI˚tkgvr:esnatUcbEnƒm . b"uEn†elx kgvr:esnatUcnimYy@t´m¬50mWuneroly"agtic . etIluyd*FMeFgenH emb JÇakarkgvr:esnatUcTSgLayenaHeTArk‰Na ? . mUlehtuenH kgT&B Em"kh√&kß®tUvbg≈Meron®b®Bwt†GMeBIBukrlYytameromc∫g . enHehIybgab'[ x¬aecHsIusac' dUcJk¥bN†SelaksWn-g"ukfaj'Emn . luHkgT&BEm"kh√&kßecHBukrlYy ®sab'EtecHCag®KUeTAeTot KWq¬atCag eromc∫gq©ayNas' KWBukrlYyCaGn†rCati . ®kumenHcab'epI†mrksIum†g . erOgvayswk®tUvpÌaksin . ®kumenHcab'epI†mbJÇËnecar®sbc∫ab'eTAkan'®su kyYn rYclYcLanhßIb JEEP A1 BI´®BnKr ebIkbrcUlmkkan'®beTsExµr eFI√®BegIy j¨Sg[epIÌleqaeLadl'GaemrikSg . cMENkenA®BMEdnExµr-´f ®sab'Etmank∫ÁnLan GMC 5…6e®KOgte®mobCYrecjBIrdΩFanIP~MeBj man lixitbJÇa Ordre de Mission ®twm®tUveTAdwkGtItkgT&BkEnßgs . b"uEn† k∫ÁnLanTSgenaH brrhUteTAdl'®sukGUre®CAvij sIuQ~ÁkdwknSTMnijrt'BnÏ . luHk∫ÁnLanvil®tLb'mkBIGUre®CAvij k*brcUlmkQb'enAvt†labx¬H cU lmkQb'enAvt†rMdYlx¬H . Gs'elakemT&Brt'sʨHsÊamkCYbbgeTogbg˙ajlixitbJÇasMudwkTaha n . eKerIsmYycMnYntUc te®mobCYreLIgLan cMENkTahanEdlenAsl' e®cInrynak'enH eKsMuftykEtrUbeTAbg˙ajf~ak'elI KitluyEckK~asin . TahflanEdldwknSykeTAenaH

luHdl'P~MeBjk*ehAcuHBILan ecalrayma

GgkarCanrNa ?

234

yKµanerobcMbN†¨HbN†albg˙at'h√wkh√WnGI√eT . e®JHem@rvl'EteTAKit´f¬ Q~Álrt'BnÏ edIm∫IykluyeTAsg´f¬Tijelxkgvr:eesnatUc . dUec~HTahanTSgenH ®tUvvil®tLb'mkkan'ext†Vt'dMbgvij rYcvileTA CYbelakfac'-Cug, fac'-eGogsMucuHeQµaHeFI√Tahanm†geTot EtlYcEkeQµaH epßg . kgT&BEm"kh√&kßeTACaraymay manem@x¬Hman®bBnÏBIr ®bBnÏnimYy@ ®tUvmanvILa ®tUvmanLan manG~kebIkbr . maneBlmYyenaH kgvr:esnatUcmYy « elxcug49 » x√HkUnTahan e®cIneBk ®sab'EteXIjem@ dUcCavr:esniyeTa vr:esniy®tI manExµrkmı¨ CakN†allayCamYy ebIkbrLanhßIbmkctQb'e®Jg®JtenAmuxpÊH viLabgeTogenH . sʨHsÊarmkrkbg®TI bgeTog sMukEn¬g®bCMunieyaCikerag m"asIunkin®sUvenAEx®tVt'dMbg . eKsMuftykEtrUbeT . nieyaCikm~ak'@ ®tUv[Q~Ál500erol . ´f©enaH ftcuHfteLIgk*ftTSgkUn®busTI3nigTI4 rbs'bgeTogykeTApg . luHKNkmµkarBinit¥emIlrUbft eKcab'GarmµNn _ UvrUbftkUn®busrbs' bgeTog2nak'enAekµgNas' eKehAK~aBinit¥cuHBinit¥eLIg eBlenaHelak fac'-CaenAkEn¬genaHEdr elak®keLkeXIjsal'c∫as'CakUn®busrbs' bgeTog elaklUk´ddkykrUbftTSg8sn¬wkepI∆mkbgeTogvij . dUec~H kgvr:esnatUcnimYy@k~¨gbJIÇmanrUbft maneQµaH®Kb'cMnYn®twm®tUv b"uEn† KµanTahantambJÇIenaHeLIy . dUcmanCaåTahrNm _ Yy enA´f©TI29kum∏: 1974 enAPUmi®bsU®t cm©ay10K˘m˘ BITI®kugs√ayerog yYnhaNUyebIk karvay®bhary"agFMmYy . vabJÇËnbUdUyy"age®cIn[cUlmkB&tÏvaykMeTc kgT&BCatienAelIedIm®TUgmanJk'rUbsem†c®Kb'@K~a . eBlenaHmanelak embJÇakarkgvr:esnatUck~¨gkgvr:esnaFMEm"kh√&kß nam®tkUlfac' TTYl bJÇa®tUvnSTahanecjeTAtTl'cMeJHxµSg . kgvr:esnatUcGP&B√enH man TahanEt60nak' . luHeTAdl'smrPUmieXIjxµSgsuTÏEtbUdUyy"age®cIn elIslb'k*sMerccit†P¬am bJÇa[kUnTahanrt'eKccakecjecalsmrPUmi eTAcuH . cMENkembJÇakarfac'k*Vj'sm¬ab'x¬ÁnenAnwgkEn¬gedIm∫IsgGMeBI BukrlYyenH . eBlenaH®sI@emm"ayTSgGs'k*lan'mat'fa – { ! ebIdUec~HsÂgamenA k~¨g®sukExµr yYnhaNUyeq¬øteBle®bIyIehasem†c“ rYcbJÇa[bUdUyva-

GgkarCanrNa ?

235

ykMeTcExµrln'-nl' Camças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@eTetI ! . elaktaGaggk'k∫a l®BmTSgbJÇak'fa yYnhaNUybJÇa[bUdUyvaykMeTcExµrcab'tSgBIq~S 1970 nigbn†@mk . nagGgra"sMusYrelaktaGagfa ehtuem"†cmanExµrx¬HelIktMekIgyYnhaNUy TukCaG~kmanåbkarKuNGJçwg ? . elaktadkdegI˙mFMe®JHæfa ExµrGrKuNemXatkr emecar˘˘˘ elakta twg®TUgNas' . cMENkelaktak*yl'c∫as'Nas' fa®beTsExµrvinas hinehac ®tUvrlayeTACaepHenH KWbN†almkBIyYnhaNUyTSgGs' . elaktak*GFib∫ayEvkEjkfa yYnhaNUymankarBiesaFn_ vac∫SgCamYy ExµrBIrelIkrYcmkehIyBIq~S1945 enAkmı¨Cae®kam enAq~S1954 enAkmı¨CakN†al . vae®bIkm¬SgVy vae®bIkm¬SgGavuFCakSePI¬g va®tUvs¬ab'´tehag ®tU vcaj'ExµreVrmux vak*dkT&Bfy vayl'faebIeFI√sÂgamCamYyExµr cg'deNI† meCaKC&yBIExµr ®tUvEte®bIkll∫ic ®tUvEte®bIGavuFcit†saÂs† CaBiess®tUv Gnuvt†[Vn®twm®tUvnUvJk¥mYyX¬a – - bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg ! vak*cab'epI†mGb'rMcarkicçrbs'va rYcbJÇËnbJçËl®Kb'sr´s®Kb'®sTab' ´n®bCaBlrdΩExµr tSgBIraÂs†´®BP~MrhUtnamWunk~¨gvSg rhUtdl'emdwknSExµr [sm©MeronsU®t [sal'critnigcMNucexßaynana . vaecHsMrbx¬Án[®tUv cit†namWunExµr [®tUvcit†emdwknSExµr . emIlPaBxage®kAeXIjfa yYnTn'P¬n'eKarBExµrNas' . mUlehtuenH VnCaemdwknSExµr TSgski†PUmiTSgExµr®khm®tUvcaj'eVkyYnhaNUyF©n' EsnF©n' . BIe®JHeCOEttam®tecok eCOEttamEP~k minecHe®bIxYrk∫ale®bo beFobrkehtupl . minecHxMeronsU®t[saleKaledA nigCMerAåVyklrbs'yYnhaNUy edIm∫InSykmkBn¥l'bMP¬Wdl'raÂs†Exµr EbrCabeN†a y[raÂs†yl'®cLMkan'Ete®CAeTA@ . elIktMekIgs®tUvsYrBUCEdlCaem Xatkr EdlCaecarhary TukCaG~kmanKuNeTAvij . etImanGI√KYr[xµas'eGonCagenHeTAeTot ? ebIeyIgbeN†ay[raÂs†Exµr bn†karyl'®cLMenH etIraÂs†Exµrmankm¬Sgkaykm¬Sgcit†‰NakMeTcyYn haNUynigExµrGay"g edIm∫IrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Ca ? . yYnhaNUyvaecHbiun®b sb'lak'But e®bIåVyklbg˙aj[raÂs†Exµr…BiPBelakeXIjfa vasm¬ab' Exµr…eFI√sÂgamCamYyExµreT va´llkbMEbkbMVk'ExµrCa®kum@ rYce®bI´dExµr

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Gay"gBI®kummYyrYcp¬as'eTA®kummYyeTot bN†ak'K~asm¬ab'bMputBUCExµrCadM Nak'@Vny"agsÊat'CMnYsva . yYnhaNUyeFI√®BegIysMraksm©Mrg'cS{kaslÌeTIbvaQanmYyCMhan@ y"agGaf·kMVMghk'e®kakeLIg kJœk'yk eCaKC&yEtm†g . dUcCa´f©TI17emsa1975CaedIm KWyYnhaNUyCaevotku geTetI CaG~kTTYlC&yCMnHd*mhaGsçar¥mhaelatep¬aHenaH . b"uEn†vae®bI eQµaHGgkarGnamikCaembJÇakary"aggitGnÏkaCasƒaBr . GgkarKitEtBIsm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr ehIyenAeBlCamYyK~aenHEdr GgkarEbrCabJçËlevotkugmkkan'®beTsExµrTSg®kum@ . ®kumx¬HedIr®bmUl GNikCnyYn dwknSykeTATukenA®sukyYn Tuk´q~®bDitbn¬MeFI√CaExµreTAGna Kt ®kumepßgeTotedIr®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti† k~¨gmYynKrExµr b¬n'dwknSecj edayesrI . TIbMputGgkarbMp¬aj®beTsExµr[rlayeTACaepH . vabegI˚t XatkrCae®cIn®kum dac'@edayELkBIK~a . vamanbegI˚t®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg rYceTIbvabeJçjCalMdab'lMeday kMNt'´f©Exq~Sy"ag®twm®tUv . ‹ dUcCaXatkr®kumTI1 – ®tUvsm¬ab'Exµrln'-nl', ExµrsIhnu CaBiesssm¬ab'GtItG~krdΩkar®Kb'Ep~k ®Kb'Can'f~ak' G~kecHdwg nisßit bJÔv&n† nig ®BHsgÙCaedIm . ‹ Xatkr®kumTI2 – manParkicç®tUvsm¬ab'Xatkr®kumTI1vij KWsm¬ab' bkßExµr®khmnin~akarExµr manExµr®khm®kumexov-sMpn nig®kumExµr®khm ekItmkBIecar´®B . dUec~Hk~¨gry:eeBl44Ex Ggkarcat'karsm¬ab'bMputBUC Exµr CadMNak'@manlMnSy"agsÌat . luHdl'q~S1978 ®beTsExµrcMhF¬¨g . {kaslÌmkdl'y"agenH yYn haNUyCaevotNamQanCMhanTI2 vak*bJÇa[bUdUyecjBI´®B cUlmk ratt∫atlukluyJseBjTI®kug´n®beTskmı¨Ca edayykelsfa cUl mkkMeTcExµr®khm edIm∫IrMedaHExµr j¨Sg[raÂs†ExµrEdlminVnsikßaneya Vy minVntamdankll∫icxµSg minecH®tiHriHBicarNa k*eCOyYn yl'®c LMy"agF©n'EsnF©n'k*sni~dΩanfa yYnsµ&®Kcit†mks¬ab' nigmkCYyExµrCaelI kTI3 . ExµrTSgenHk*dMkl'dMekIgyYnhaNUyCaevotkug EdlCaemXatkr EdlCaecar TukCaG~kmanåbkarKuNeTAvij . - { ! bgbÌËnExµreGIy ! ehtuGI√k*s¬Ëts¬ab'em"¬H ? - { ! emdwknSExµreGIy ! ®tUvecHP∆ak'rlwkeLIg ! - ebIbeN†ay[raÂs†Exµryl'®cLMy"agenH etIeFI√em"†craÂs†ExµrecH®bug

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®by&t~ ? - etIeFI√em†craÂs†Exµrmankm¬Sgkay km¬Sgcit† elIk´dkMeTcxµSg kMeTc ecar edIm∫IrMedaHmatuPUmikmı¨Ca ? elaktaGagniyaydl'®twmh~wg ra"dak*sMusYreyabl'elaktaGagfa ehtuem†cVnCaGgkaredj®bCaCn k~¨gmYynKrCae®cInlannak' [ecj ecalTIlMenAq©ayBIp¬ËvCati BIdgsÊwg mancm©ayy"agtic2K˘m˘ ? . æsMnYrd*manxw¬msarenH elaktaGagmankarQWcab'y"ag´®kElg . elaktaeFI√muxs©Át eTIbEvkEjkBn¥l'dUcteTA – erOgenHGsçar¥Nas', kaleNaHGaNikCnyYnvaEbrCabJÇËnmnusß Gaf·kMVMgeTA®Vb'fa

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mYykaNUtebIkbr TSg´f©TSgyb' . k~¨gry :eeBl3q~S ®TB¥sm∫ti†®beTsExµr®tUvyYnhaNUyCaevotkug ®bmUldwkb¬n'dwknSecjGs'rlIg . cUlq~S1978 GgkarbJÇa[ruHerIvILaeFI√ BIe®KOgeQI . elaktaniyaydl'®twmenH k*elIk´dcg̨lkMeTc≤dΩpÊHvILa rbs'yayeTog ®BmTSgeFI√GtƒaFib∫aybg˙ajCaåTahrN_ fadUcCapÊHvILa rbs'bgeTogCaedIm nigpÊHvILae®KOgeQIsg'siƒtenAPUmie®kayvt†rMdYlCa e®cInrye®KOg ®tUvruHerI rYc®bmUlbJç¨HTUkEdlQb'ctCahUrEhrenAdgsÊw gsEg˚rmuxvt†rMdYl cab'tSgBIExkum∏:q~S1978nigbn†@mk . ®kumruHerIpÊHTSg enaH nigG~kTTYlxus®tUvk∫ÁnTUk KWyYnTSgGs' . cugq~S1977 nigk~¨gq~S1978 GgkarbJÇa[®bCaCnExµr edIr®bmUltu eCIgm"a nigTUrk~¨gsalaeronnana bJç¨Hk~¨gTUkFM@seN†agCamYykaNUtEd lQb'ctCahUrEhrmuxmnIÊreBT¥FMVt'dMbg dwknSecjCacugbegI˙y G~k TTYlxus®tUvk∫ÁnTSgenaH k*suTÏEtyYnTSgGs'Edr . elaktaGagbJÇak'fa manerOgmYyKYr[cEm¬kNas' KWk~¨gExemsaq~S 1978 bgkarbJÇa[®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgsm¬ab'GaNikCnyYn EdlBYn lak'x¬ÁnenAk~¨g®sukExµrvij . ædUec~HyayKk'sMusYrkat'elaktaGagfa – - ehtuem†ck*sm¬ab'yYn ebIeyIgsni~dΩanfa GgkarGnamikCayYnenaH ? - enHCakll∫icqıinEP~kbiun®bsb'y"agGsçar¥ . GgkareKarBtamJk¥mYyX¬a KWTukmincMeNjdkecjminxat BIe®JHyYnFunenHCayYnecal emßøt min®BmeTAtamevotkug . dUec~HGgkar®tUvEtsm¬ab'ecal edIm∫IbEg√g niglb'dan bMP&n†mtiraÂs†Exµr Ggkarsm¬ab'TSgExµr sm¬ab'TSgyYn . m"¥ag eTotykelsedIm∫IyYnhaNUybJÇËnbUdUycUlmklukluy®beTskmı¨ Ca . eBlsm¬ab'GaNikCnyYnenH Ggkar´lbn¬Msm¬ab'TSgExµrkmı¨Cae®ka mTSgcas'TSgekµgTSg®sI ecaTfaCabN†ajrbs'yYn . karBitGgkarykcit†Tukdak'tamdanExµrkmı¨Cae®kamCanicç BIe®JHGgkarsal'CMerAcit†´nraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlnS®KYsarrt'ecalTwkdIkmı¨Ca e®kamTuk[yYn ehIymk®CksMNak'enAkmı¨CakN†al . ®Kb'@rUbnSmk nUvesckI†QWcab'KMnMusgswkcMeJHyYn EdlCasasn´_ ®B´pß CaemXatkr Caecarb¬n'TwkdI Caecarsm¬ab'Catisasn_ dUcCatSgBI´f©TI21åsPa1949 yYnelbTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCaelIkTI2 . yYnhflanbMJnc∫ab'Gn†rCati yYn ®bkasfa Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamcMnYn4lannak'EdlCamças'TwkdI CaCatiyYnTSg

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Gs' eTaHK~aminecHPasayYnmYym"at'k*eday . GMeBIGyuti†Fm·enHj¨Sg[raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamEdlmanmeF¥aVyrt' k*nS®KYsarrt'eKccakecjBIkN†ab'´decarb¬n'TwkdI ecarb¬n'Catisasn_ yk®Ckrs'enAkmı¨CakN†al edI m∫Irkßa[Kg'vg'BUCGMbUrCaCatiExµrdEdl . Ggkaryl'CMerAcit†raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlePosx¬Ánmk®CkenAkmı¨CakN†al ebIeBlNaeXIjyYnhaNUyCaevotkug cUlmklukluy®b eTskmı¨Ca muxCaExµre®kamTSgenaHe®kAeLIgcg̨lmuxyYnhaNUyCaevot kug E®skecaTP¬am enHCaGgkarGnamik enHCaemXatkr . muxCaExµrkmı¨Ca e®kamyl'fa vibti†k~¨g®beTsExµr bN†al[raÂs†Exµr®tUvs¬ab'Cae®cInlan nak'minTMngenH KWyYnhaNUybn¬MEk´q~edIm∫Ielb®beTskmı¨Ca bJçËlk~¨g sgB&nÏ≤NÎËcineTetI ! . BIe®JHraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamsal'c∫as'es~øtrbs'yYnhaNUy vabiun®bsb'e®bIl∫ickl manCabÂJças'manCabeN†ay KW´dmYyGEgÌl ´dmYyeTotsMBg swgKµansasnN _ aenAelIBiPBelakeFI√ VndUcvaeLIy . e®JHExµrkmı¨Cae®kam®tUvTTYlrge®KaHCae®cInelIke®cIn sardUcCaCMnan' « kMBb'EtGug », CMnan' « elakåkj"asWn-Kuy », CMnan' « yYnevotmij®bmUlExµrkmı¨Cae®kamdutk~¨gC®guk®sUv » dUec~HExµrkmı¨Cae®kam mineCOdac'xatfa « bUdUycit†lÌsµ&®Kcit†mkgab'CYyExµreLIy » . Ggkaryl'fa Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamTSgLayenaH muxCamin{b´denAes©øm minE®skGrKuNyYndUcbgbÌËnExµrx¬HenAkmı¨CakN†aleLIy . mUlehtu enH edIm∫IecosvagkMu[manåbs&KrarSgdl'yYnhaNUyCaevotkug Ggkar eFI√Ca®cLMsm¬ab'raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamvIvk' ecaTfaCayYn ecaTfaCabN†aj rbs'yYn . ehtukarNE_ dlelaktaGagxM®sav®Cav rYceFI√GtƒaFib∫ayEvkEjkCa hUrEhrmkenH GacbJÇak'bg˙aj[ExµreyIgyl'fa GgkarGnamiknigyYn haNUymanEpnkar®JgTukCae®sc@ KWk~¨grbbrbs'Ggkar etIyYn®tUv eFI√GI√bn†eTAeTot ? . minEmnåb∫ti†ehtu´n®beTsExµrekItmaneLIgeday´c dn¥eLIy . elaktaGagbJÇak'eTotfa yYnhaNUycUlmklukluy®beTsExµr CaelIkTI3 enA´f©TI7mkra1979 KWvamkCMnYsGgkarGnamiky"agBit®Vkd . emIlcuH ! bUdUykMBugebIkbrLanedIr®bmUleyaFaExµr®khmekµg@ Edl Ggkarlt'dMdl'kMBUlrYcehIy nig®bmUl®kumExµr®khmnirtI nSykmkbM-

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Jk'GavuF[eLIgvij . b"uEn†minTan'[®Vk'ExenAeLIyeT KW´q~®bDit®kumenH [eTACaecarsin BIe®JHeBlenaHmaseB®Cmant´m¬eLIgvij TMnijnanak* lk'TijedayesrIeLIgvij KWTijEtnwgmas . dUec~HCMruj®kumenH[k¬ay eTACaXatkrmYyelIkeTot . es~øtenHKWCaes~øtvayTwkkMcay®tI . es~øt enH®besIrNas' yYnhaNUyCaevotmije®bIes~øtenHkMcayExµrkmı¨Cae®kammYyelIkehIy cab'BIq~S1945dl'q~S1954 . kaleNaHyYnhaNU yCaevotmijxIç´dyYnxagt∫Ëg [sm¬ab'kMcay b¬n'dutpÊH j¨Sg[raÂs†Exµrk mı¨Cae®kamG~kecHdwg G~kmanmeF¥aVy ®tUvEtbg≈Mcit†nS®KYsarrt'ecalTwkdI Caekr†m i_ rtkTuk[yYn@enAKreTAehIy . ≤LËves~øtdEdlenH KWyYnhaNUyCaevotNamdEdlkMBugnSyk mksab®BYsJseBjk~¨g®beTsExµr . b"uEn†vae®bIkll∫ic®beyal KWta mExßry:GtItExµr®khmCaExµrGay"grbs'vae®bIes~øtecar . mUlehtuenH ®bCaBlrdΩExµrCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ Gs'sgÙwmKµanTIBwg ®tUvEtbg≈Mcit†nS ®KYsarEdlesssl'enArs'bn†icbn†Ác edIrecjecal®beTskmı¨CaCahUr Ehr eVHbg'dICaekr†m i_ rtkTuk[yYnenAmYynKreTot . cMENkyYnhaNU yvasm©Mes©øm vaxIç´dExµrGay"gCaecar[kMeTcExµrsincuH . eq¬øteBlenH va Caecary"agecjmux . - emIlcuH ! vakMBug®bmUl®TB¥sm∫ti†Exµr elIkdak'LandwknSecjeTA kan'®beTsyYnCahUrEhredayesrI . srubesckI† yYnhaNUyCas®tUv sYrBUC´nCatiExµreyIg Cae®cInstvtßmkehIy . vae®bI®Kb'kll∫icsm¬a b'bMputBUCExµr ! vae®bI®Kb'kll∫icedIm∫IkMcayExµr[rt'ecalTwkdI ! b"uEn†ma t'rbs'vaE®skbEg√gdan bMP&n†mtiraÂs†Exµr bMP&n†mtiGn†rCatifa bUdUysµ&®K cit†bUCaQam®ss'sac'®ss'cUlmkCYyExµr . karBitvacUlmkmYyelIk @ vaxMj¨Hjg'bMEbkbMVk'Exµr vabegI˚tExµrfIµ KWExµrGay"grbs'vadUcCa – - sWn-g"ukmij - TU-samut - b"ul-Bt - ehg-sMrin - Ca-sIumCaedIm nSykmkCMnYsExµreyIgCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@ . ®K b'@åbkrNv_ asm©Mlak'Bute®kayx~gExµrGay"grbs'va rg'cS{kaslÌmkdl' eTIbvaQanmYyCMhan@e®kakeLIgkMeTcExµrVny"agsÌatvalak'muxVn

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y"agCitdEdl . åTahrNd _ UcCa vae®bIEteQµaHGgkar vaGacsm¬ab'®bCaBlrdΩExµrs¬Ët®tg' CaBiessG~kecHdwgcMnYn3lannak' . luHcUlq~S1979 ®beTskmı¨CacMhF¬¨g yYnhaNUyedIrr"uycUlmklu kluyratt∫at®beTskmı¨Cay"ageBjmuxeFI√®BegIy . cMENkemdwknSExµr®Kb'@bkßbHknʨy®cUg eVlrt'ykrYcx¬Án b"uNˆwg eTAehIyminTan'P∆ak'rlwkeTot . cMENkraÂs†Exµrrt'eKcbIkN†ab'´drbs' Ggkar EbrCacUlcMkN†ab'´dbUdUy®tUvbUdUycg̨lmuxsML¨t sYrrkb"ulBt EdlraÂs†ExµrminEdlsal'Tal'EtesaHenaHeTAvij . emIlcuH ! sÂga mk~¨g®beTskmı¨CaEsnggitGnÏka j¨Sg[®beTskmı¨CarlayeTACaepHeTA ehIy minTan'dwgfaG~kNac∫SgCamYyG~kNa ? . mUlehtuenH eTIbxM∆¨xM ®sav®CavTal'EtrkeXIjGMBIlk≈N:´nsÂgamk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca . KWsÂga mrvagyYnnigExµr ! . eBlenaHra"dasMusYrbJÇak'elaktaGagfa – - ebIGJçwgGgkar KWyYnhaNUy… ? elaktagk'k∫albg˙ajkayvikarfa GJçwgEmn ! . ra"dasMusYrelaktaeTotfa – - cuHerOgyYnykk∫alExµreFI√CaeCIg®kandSEt[GugenaH etICaerOgBit… elakta ? . - sMnYrenH®tUvcit†Kat'Nas' e®JHKat'cg'pßay[kUnecAExµrCMnan'e®ka ydwgnigsal' nUvGMeBIeXareXArbs'yYncMeJHExµr EdlmansPaBsahav CagsahaveTAeTot . elaktaelIk´ds†SGEgÌlk∫alra"da ®BmTSgeqI¬yfa - erOgenHCaerOgBitNas' ! . Kat'eFI√GtƒaFib∫ayBI®bvti† «kMBubEtGug» [G~kTSgGs'K~as†ab' . eBlenaH®sI@emm"ayTSgGs'EdlGg¨ys†ab' k*lan'mat'fa – - { ! BueTÏa@ yYnsm¬ab'ExµrsahavEmn@ ! . elaktaGagniTanbn†eTAeTotfa luHcugstvtßTI19 KWk~¨gq~S1871 k~¨g rbbVrSg®Kb'®Kg≤NÎËcin ®sab'EtmanGugyYnm~ak'ecj®bkas3x bg≈M[ Exµrkmı¨Cae®kameKarBtamvaCadac'xat – xTI1- bg≈M[Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamniyayPasayYn xTI2- bg≈M[Exµrkmı¨Cae®kames¬økJk'rebobyYn xTI3- bg≈M[®BHsgÙExµrkmı¨Cae®kamedaHs∫g'cIBrecal

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GgkarCanrNa ?

242

exaJk'GavdUcelakyYn . eBlsU®tFm·®tUvvay®tedakk∫al®tIm"uk@ dUc elakyYn . kaleNaHraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam k*claclek†A®khay nwg®bkasCa c∫ab'´®B´pßrMelaPsiTiÏmnusßenH . kMBugGs'sgÙwm ®sab'EtTTYldMNwg fa manvir:bursExµrm~ak' eQµaHåkj"asWn-Kuy CaecAh√ayext†ext†®tavij®BH®tJMg kMBugcUleTAtva"®bqSgCMTas'CamYyGugyYnd*G®biy Edlecj ®bkasenH . k~¨geBlelakåkj"asWn-KuycUleTAtva"nwgva GugyYnG®biyesIcrlak'dUcykß ®BmtSgsYrtby"ag®BehInfa – - etIelakåkj"asµ&®Kcit†ykCIvitrbs'elak

eTAb†Ërnwglk≈&NTSgbI

enH…eT ? . vir:bursExµreyIgk*esIc esIcehIyesIceTot KWesIccMGktb[GugyY nenaHvij rYcelIk´dTH®TUgeqI¬ytby"agxI¬fa – - suxcit† ! . GugyYnP∆ak' ! vak*niyayTUrelxeTAsMueyabl'BIGKeTsaPiVl≤NÎË cin®bcSkarenAhaNUy CaBiessvasMuGnuJÔatkat'k∫alelakåkj"asWnKuy . elakåkj"asWn-Kuy Cavir:bursExµrd*k¬ahaneFI√Blikmµb†ËrCIvitrbs' elaknwglk≈&NTSgbIxrbs'yYn edIm∫IrkßaExµrkmı¨Cae®kam[enACaExµr TSg Pasa TSgTMenomTMlab' TSgvb∫Fm· CaBiess®BHBuTÏsasna . eBlenaHmhavir:bursExµreyIg sMuGnuJÔatBIGugyYnerobcMVy nMcMNI nigEp¬eQI®Kb'mux mancMnYn5sık dMkl'f√ay®Kb'TisTSg8 rYcelakcab' epI†mBiFIbYgsYg åTiÊsf√aydl'eTvta sMuelakeFI√CasakßIdl'x¬Ánrbs'ela khflaneFI√Blikmµ ykCIvitrbs'elakdUrnwgxTSgbIrbs'GugyYnenaH . b"uEn† munnwg®VrB√BiFIbYgsYg elakE®sk®bkashamkUnecAExµrkmı¨Cae®kam min [erobkarCamYyyYnCadac'xat . elakTUnµankUnecAExµrCMnan'e®kay – - [xMksagvt† . - ®tUveKarBs†ab'bgab'®BHsgÙ EdlCa®KUedIm . elaksal'c∫as'nUvÚsKl'Exµr TMenomTMlab' Gar¥Fm· nigvb∫Fm·Exµr. - ®BHsgÙ®tUvxMeKarBvin&y . - ®sI@®tUvecHeKarB®kit¥®km®b´BNIExµr .

GgkarCanrNa ?

243

elakåkj"arMlwkTUnµandas'etOnkUnecAExµrkmı¨Cae®kamfa – - GavuFd*muts&ki†siTiÏEdlGackarJrCatiVn KWExµr®tUvecHsamKIK~aBit @ ®tUvecHrYbrYmcgVc'K~a[VnsÌit BYt´dK~aCaF¬¨gmYy ®tUvecHGt'{nK~a eTI bExµrGacrkßaCatiExµrVnKg'vg'eTAGnaKt . - KµansasnN _ a®sLaj'CatiExµrCagExµrx¬Án‰geT ! . - ebIExµrminecHCYyExµr k*mindwgCasgÙwmelIsasnN _ a[eKmkCYy ExµrVneLIy . - cUrkMueCO kMuTukcit†sasnd _ ´T[esaH . luHmhavir:burssWn-KuyTUnµanEp†p†SkUnecAExµrkmı¨Cae®kamrYc elakk* ®bkasbYgsYgdl'eTvtaTSg8Tis elakGMJvnavsMup†SepI∆nUvvasnaGnaKt ´nkUnecAExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . elaksMueTvtaCYyEfrkßakarJrkUnecAExµrkmı¨Ca e®kamNaEdlesµaH®tg'cMeJHCati ecHes~haCati ecHCYyTuk≈Fur:Exµr sUm kUnecAexµATSgenaHcakputBIe®KaHf~ak'®Kb'Ebby"ag sUm®bkbEtesckI†sux cMerIn nigGacQ~Hs®tUvTSg8Tis . pʨyeTAvij sUmeTvtap†nÊaeTasy"ag ƒ©n'dl'ExµrNaEdlk∫t'Exµr . luH®VrB√BiFIbYgsYgcb'sB√®Kb'ehIy mhavIr :b burseyIgnwgeXIj QWcit† GMBIbJ˙akMBb'EtGug GMBIbJ˙ayYnelbTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamk~¨gq~S1840 enAek†Ahuy@ . ≤LËvx¬Ánrbs'elak®tUvcMNayCIvitdUrnwgc∫ab'´®B´pßrbs' yYnG®biybIxenHeTot . elakåkj"axwgnwgyYnNas' k*eCrdak'bN†asary"agF©n'@dl'GaecaryYnb¬n'TwkdI CaBiesseCrGaGugyYnG®biyEdl CaG~kecj®bkasenaH . æeCry"agdUec~aH GugyYnk*edIreTAemIlelakåkj"a ®sab'EtsıkTSg8ehaHvwg@®Vv@mkrkk∫alva . GugyYnxwgdac'k∫al dac'knʨy k*bJÇa[kUnecArbs'vacab'elakåkj"asWn-Kuy®cancUlk~¨gm"a sIunkat'k ( kalxM∆¨enAtUc CItarbs'xM∆¨EdlCanamWunbMerIpÊal'elakåkj"aEtg Et®Vb'xM∆¨fa m"asIunkat'kenaHtSgenAe®kamedImet~atk~¨gPUmibnÊay®k . b"uEn† elaktaGagVnGHGagfa m"asIunenaHtSgenAmuxsalaXMuL¨gDwkvij ) Edl vatSgenAmuxsalaXMuL¨gDwk kN†alTI®kug®BH®tJMg . e®kayeBlEdlmhavIr:bursExµrkmı¨Cae®kamcaksƒanecaleyIgeTA ®sab'EtmanTUrelxBIGKeTsaPiVl≤NÎËcin eqI¬ytbmkBIhaNUyfa – - esckI†tva"rbs'elakåkj"asWn-Kuy KWsmrm¥®twm®tUvtamlMnSc∫a b' dUec~H®tUvEtyl'®BmtamsMu .

GgkarCanrNa ?

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eBlenaH®sI@TSgGs'lan'mat'fa – - etIeFI√em†ceTA? ebIGugyYnG®biysm¬ab'elakåkj"aputeTAehIyenaH? elaktaGagniTanbn† – - elakGKeTsaPiVl≤NÎËcinmin®BegIykenI†yeT elakrkyuti†Fm· [Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamEdr KWelaksMerc[cab'GugyYnenaH ®cancUleTAk~¨gm"asIu ndEdl edIm∫IbUCaviJÔaNk≈nÏvIr:b bursExµreyIgvij . GKeTsaPiVl≤NÎËcinGnuJÔat[raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlmanlMenA enAext†®BH®tJMg sƒabnaectiymYymanragbYn®CugesIµ ®CugnimYy@man®b Evg15Em"®t kMBs'2Em"®t CJÇSgeFI√GMBIfµP~MsiƒtenAk~¨gvt†eJFisalraCkMBg' ®tg'p¬ËvcUlxags†S´d kN†alTI®kug®BH®tJMg edIm∫IdMkl'saksBmhavIr: bursExµrkmı¨Cae®kameyIg . enAelIF¬aenaH BuTÏbris&TÏExµrkmı¨Cae®kamEtgEtmkCYbCMuk~¨gmYyq~S2dg KW´f©Pǘ¨biNÎEsndUnta nigBiFIbuN¥cUlq~SfIµ edIm∫IeKarBBiFIbgߨkUlåTiÊscM eJHviJÔaNk≈nÏelakåkj"asWn-Kuy . cab'tSgBIeBlenaHmk Exµrkmı¨Cae®kameKarB®sLaj'nigGrKuNVrSg y"ag®Cale®CA nigesµaH®tg'´®kElg . KYrrMlwkeLIgvij emIlcuHCit100q~S Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamenAKg'vg'CaCatiExµr ®BmTSgTTYlesckI†suxsan† KWedaysarVrSgåbtƒm∏karJrk~¨gry:V VrSg ®Kb'®Kg≤NÎËcin k*dUcCa®h√SgTiB√GacTb'Tl'nUvGMeBI´®B´pßrbs'yYnEdl B¥ayambMVt'BUCExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . VrSgbegI˚tsalaeronbe®gonPasaExµr GkßrExµr®Kb'@ext† EdlExµrkmı¨Cae®kamtSgTIlMenA . manbegI˚tGnuviT¥al& ymYyenAext†kan'efI sMrab'EtkUnExµr . edIm∫IrMlwknUvåbkarKuNVrSg sisßExµrkmı¨Cae®kamEtgEteronemsU ®tcSmat'dUcteTA – « kJçaj'eckeGIy

elatTMucugs√ay

®sukeyIgsb∫ay

edaysarVrSg .

kaledImBiVk

e®JHmancMVMg

G~k®sukP&yx¬Sg

rt'cUlEt´®B .

tSgBIVnelak

cUlmkGa®s&y

Tuk≈esakeraKP&y

vinasxçat'xçay .

GgkarCanrNa ?

245 manp¬Ëvmansıan

manyanTSgLay

ecjcUlsB√say

TSgsB√TMnij .

ykmklk'dUr

hUrEhrJseBj

tamcUlcit†Tij

sIucukes¬økJk' .

®bdab'®bdar

Kµanx√HKµanGak'

TSgmasTSg®Vk'

sMbUre®cIneGIy » .

emeronsU®tcSmat'enH mann&yTUlMTUlay CasakßIrMlwkdas'etOnBn¥ l'bg˙aj[kUnecAExµrTUeTAecHP∆ak'rlwk[dwgfa kalBIedImyYne®bI®Kb'meF¥aVysm¬ab'bMputBUCExµry"agsahav . kaleNaHExµreyIgrvl'Etrt'cU l´®B . bcç¨b∫n~enHenA®beTskmı¨Ca ®tUvrlayeTACaepH ®bCaBlrdΩExµr rvl'Etrt'ecal®suk rvl'Etrt'ecal´®B bN†almkBIs®tUv . ‰eNHyYn ‰eNaHcin . ≤LËvq~S1992 esom…´fcab'epI†mCas®tUvnwgExµreyIgeTot . BIe®JHExµreyIgsuPaBsb∫¨rs cUlcit†rs'enAedays©b'es©øm eyIg minecHelaPln' eyIgminecHbg˚erOgehtunwg®beTsCitxageLIy sUm∫I EteyIgCaBiessExµrkmı¨Cae®kam rYmrs'CamYyVrSgCit100q~S eyIgminEd lvivaTCamYyVrSgeLIy GacrkßaTukCamit†lÌeTAvijeTAmkk~¨g®bvti†saÂs†. pʨyeTAvijyYnQ¬anJn KWyYnvaminenAes©ømeT vaerobcMEpnkar man TMrg'CardΩaPiVl TukbMrugCae®sc@ cab'tSgBIq~S1945 vadak'KMeragkary"ag mS ebIeBlNaVrSg®tUvcaj'dkfyecjBI≤NÎËcin yYn®tUvEtelbTwkdI kmı¨Cae®kamCaelIkTI2P¬am ehIy®sbc∫ab'Gn†rCatieTotpg . kalenaHyYnevotmijkMBugvayedjVrSg eq¬øteBlclaclenaH va eq˚øtsm¬ab'kMeTcraÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam CaBiessG~kecHdwg KWvae®bIes~øtva yTwkkMcay®tI . ®tUvEmn ! VrSg®tUvcaj' ®tUvdkfyecjBI≤NÎËcinenAEx sIhaq~S1954 yYnelbTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamVt'®semal˘˘˘ yYnecjbJÇa[bwTT√arsalaeronCaPasaExµrP¬am . va´llkbMVt'BUC Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamCadMNak'@ . mundMbUgvabg≈MExµrkmı¨Cae®kamkan'katdak'sJÇatiCayYnedImkMeNItExµr . k~¨grbbeg√øg-van'FIv rdΩFmµnuJÔ´nsaFarN rdΩevotNam ®tg'ma®taTI2, 22, 24 nig30 cuH´f©TI1-4-67 sMercTukExµrk mı¨Cae®kam CaCnCatiPaKtick~¨gshKmevotNam . luHdl'´f©TI8-10-69 rdΩsPa´nsaFarNrdΩevotNamsMercCafIµbMVt'CatiExµr .

vasni`dΩanfaExµrkmı¨Cae®kamTaMgGs'CaCatiyYn !

GgkarCanrNa ?

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nwkKYr[s†ayTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kamCa´®kElg . nwkKYr[s†ay®bCaBlrdΩ Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamCa´®kElg . BIq~S1969 tamesckI†®bkaspÊal'mat'rb s'eg√øg-van'FIvVn[dwgfa raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kammancMnYn4,047,500nak' . esovePAmYymancMNgeCIgfa « Le Viet Nam » sresredayelak Pierre Richard Feray bJÇak'[dwgfak~¨gq~S1945 raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kammancM nYn6,720,000nak' rs'enACMuvijvt†mancMnYn556 . ®BHsgÙmancMnYn25, 000Gg . nwkeTAKYr[GaeNacGFm·bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamNas' yYnbg≈M[kan' katCaCatiyYn b"uEn†manmYyPaKe®cInminecHGkßryYn minecHPasayYnTal'EtesaH . eBlVrSgdkfyecjecalExµrkmı¨Cae®kamBIq~S1954 bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kameyIgmYyPaKe®cIn yMesaks†ayVrSgCa´®kElg BIe®JHdwgCamu nfa muxCa®tUvrge®KaH ®tUvyYnsm¬ab'bMputBUC ®tUvyYneFI√TaruNkmµ dUcBI stvtßTI19sareLIgvijCaminxan . Emn ! yYncat'karsm¬ab'eFI√TaruNkmµExµrsahavCagBIstvtßTI19 sa havCagBICMnan' « ®by&t~kMBb'EtGug » eTAeTot . åTahrNv_ ae®bIEteQµaHGgkarGnamik va´q~®beTskmı¨CamYyTSgmUl [k¬ayeTACaKMnrqÌwgCaKMnrepH eyIgVneXIjpÊal'nwgEP~k . cMENkbgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kam ®tUvVt'sJÇati eTaHyYnmane®boby"a gNak*eday bgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamenAEteKarBtambN†Srbs'vir:burssWn KuyCanicç . eKsamKIy"agrmYt eKkan'VnxÇab'xÇÁnnUvTMenomTMlab'Exµr nig ®BHBuTÏsasna . ®Kb'@BiFIbuN¥®b´BNI eKnS®KYsareTACYbCMuK~ak~¨gvt†TSg ®busTSg®sI TSgcas'TSgekµg rYmK~asU®tFm·rYcs†ab'Fm·eTsna . ral'@ ´f©sil cas'@TSgtaTSgyay eTACYbCMuK~ak~¨gvt† sU®tFm·sMusil rYcsMran k~¨gvt†mYyyb' . yuvCnExµrkmı¨Cae®kamPaKe®cIn munnwgerobGaJhB _ iJh_ EtgEtbYsCa®BHsgÙy"agticmYyvsßasin edIm∫IeronGkßr ®b´BNITMeno mTMlab'ExµrBI®BHsgÙcas'TMu . åTahrNb _ g®TI nigbÌËnKwm-c&nÊ munnwg bn†viCÇa k*VnbYsCasgÙm~ak'@Vn2vsßaEdr . raÂs†Exµrkmı¨Cae®kamniyayEtPasaExµr PaKe®cInerobkarbI†®bBnÏEtCamYyExµrtam®b´BNITMenomTMlab'ExµrCanicç . elaktaGagniTandl'vKenH

®sI@TSg14nak'k*lan'mat'®Kb'K~a®besIr

GgkarCanrNa ?

247

Emn@ . emIlcuH ! yYnekobsg˚t'Cit200q~SeTAehIy edaysarExµrkmı¨Ca e®kamecHsamKI k*GacrkßaPasanigTMenomTMlab'VnKg'vg'dEdl . cMEN kbgbÌËnExµrkmı¨CakN†aleyIgdUcCa®CayTn'lÌËkem"¬H . man®bus@x¬HlH bg'®bBnÏCatiExµrrbs'x¬Án eTAyk®sIyYn - ehIycMENk‰®sI@Exµrx¬Hk* ®sab'Etelatep¬aHeTAykbI†yYneTAvijk*manEdr manåTahrN_ ®bBnÏGtIt tMNagraÂs†m~ak'CaedIm˘˘˘ etIGnaKtExµrFunenaHnwgk¬ayeTACaCatiGI√eTA ? Ggra"sMusYrelaktaGagfa – - ehtuem†cyYnhaNUy®bmUlekµg@e®cInem¬"H ? xM∆¨dwgfavadwknSyk eTAhaNUye®cInmWunrYcehIy . elaktaeFI√muxs©ÁteqI¬yfa – - xM∆¨VneXIjpÊal'EP~k eXIjbUdUyebIkbrLan edIr®bmUlkUnExµrkM®J GayuBI8dl'14q~S dak'eQµaHfa « ®kumkumarsgQam » ( e®kaymkE®b eQµaHfa « ®kumkumarQanmux » eTAvij . enA´f©TI24-11-84 hflun-Esn ®bkas®Vb'G~kkaEstbreTsfa ®kumkumarQanmuxmanTSgGs'BIrEsn nak' . sUmbJÇak'fa mkdl'sB√´f©enH BYkekµg@TSgGs'enaHmanGayucen¬aHBI35eTA50q~SehIy ehIymYyPaKFMkMBugeFI√karenAk~¨gCYrraCrdΩaPiVl Exµr nigenAk~¨gCYrkgeyaFBlexmrPUmi ) dwknSecjBI®beTsExµr ykeTA kan'haNUy . sB√´f©®KUbg˙at'be®gon®kumkumarsgQamBIsUn¥eLIgeTA KWsuTÏeTCayYnhaNUyTSgGs' . CaBiessvaxMbMeJkeKalCMhr dMNak' karCadMbUg®tUvsgswkcMeJHExµr®khm vabiun®bsb'j¨Hjg'bg˙ajPaBCak' Es†g EdlkumarTSgenaH®tUvTTYlTaruNkmµrYcehIy . yYnhaNUyrMÆk hUrEhrbN†¨HKMnitsgswkenH[kb'cUly"age®CA[Cab'Canicçk~¨gebHdUg . ral'@eBlVy®Bwk-l©ac vabegI˚tsMnYrfa – - etInrNaCamit† ? - etInrNaCas®tUvsm¬ab'“Em"va ? .

dUec~HkumarsgQamTSgenaH®tUvEtyl'®cLMy"agF©n' muxEtdMkl'dMekI gnigeKarByYnCamit† CaG~kmanKuN ehIyc∫as'CasgswkExµr®khmCMnY syYnhaNUyCaminxan . vabegI˚tkll∫icj¨Hjg' manCaåTahrNd _ UcteTA – - ®Kb'@eBl yYnhaNUysMrSge®CIserIskumarkM®J EdlmanmUl-

GgkarCanrNa ?

248

dΩansiƒtenAk~¨gbrievNGtItviT¥al&y®BHmunIvgß (Vt'dMbg) Vn®twm®tUvta mlk≈N:eehIy k*bgab'[t®mobCYreLIgLan . k∫ÁnLankam"∆¨gTSgenaH man5…6e®KOg Qb'sMctenAtambeN†ayp¬Ëv elx2 xagekItviT¥al&y rYcebIkbreTAkan'p¬ËvCatielx5 q¬gtamsıanfµfIµ . luHk∫ÁnLanTSgenaHbreTAdl'valEbkcan yYnhaNUybJŒb'k∫ÁnLan rYcbJÇa[kumarkMst'TSgGs'cuHBILan rYcte®mobCYredIrtamvaeTAkan'valmYy siƒtenAxagekItcMNtGakasyan Edlmanm¬b'edImeQIBIredImFM@ KW edImGMBilxaglic edImBu®TaxagekIt . enAcMcen¬aHedImeQITSgBIredImenaH manp~ËrexµacbITnÊwmK~a . ral'@eBl manyYnhaNUym~ak' Gayu®bEhl40 q~S muxsMEb"t ®cmuHkMBit mat'®cbUj Famx¬a sk'kat'xI¬ TabetO mankSePI¬g xI¬mYyedImenAceg˚H Qrrg'cSenATIenaHCae®sc . eBlkumarQanmuxCae®cI nrynak'beNI†rK~aeTAdl' yYnenHesIcTTYly"agrak'Tak'

niyayeTAkan'

kumarTSgGs'enaHCaPasaExµredaye®bIvak¥s&BÊtamlMnSsm&yGgkarGna mik . vacab'epI†mj¨Hjg'edayelIk´dcg̨lp~ËrexµacTSg3enaHfa – - enHCap~Ër®BHsgÙbIGg Edl®tUvExµr®khmvaysm¬ab'kalBI´f©244-75 enAem"ag2resol . ´f©vaysm¬ab'enaH Exµr®khmCIkreN†AbIenH rYc emFMbJÇadl'mit†Tuyfa – - cUr‰geTAkan'xÊmxaglic . yYnniyaybeNI†relIk´dcg̨lbeNI†r eTAkan'xÊm˘˘˘ rYcbn† – - edIm∫IdwkGaeKabIk∫alykmkcat'kar . eBlenaHmit†Tuyharmat'cMh ebIkEP~kFM@ q©l'Esnq©l' e®JHx¬ÁnenATIenHminEdl®bTHeXIjeKaTal'Et esaH . b"uEn†minhflansYredjedalnUvbJ˙adac'Nat'enH . luHeTAdl' mit†Tuyk*ebIkT√arxÊm . {BueTÏaeGIy ! minEmneKaeT ! KW®BH sgÙbIGgEdlraÂs†ExµrenAext†Vt'dMbgsal'c∫as' EtgEteKarB®bNib ti†sni~dΩanTukdUcCa®BHBuTÏ . ®BHsgÙTI1®BHnam b"un-sMPaC Ca®BHemKN ext†Vt'dMbg . ®BHsgÙTI2man®BHnam Ekv-san CaGnuKNext†Vt'dMbg nigCaecAGFikarvt†kMEpg . ®BHsgÙTI3minsal'®BHnam CaGnuKN®su ksEg˚r . ®BHsgÙCan'xıs'TSgbIGg Cab'cMNgCae®sc . mit†Tuyk*dwk ®BHsgÙTSgbIGgdUcdwkeKaEmn nSmkkan'reN†A . emXatkrsYr®BHsgÙ tSgbIGgfa – - etIcgniyaysÌI…eT munnwgs¬ab' ? .

GgkarCanrNa ?

249

eBlenaHmanEt®BHemKNeTEdlenAsl'viJÔaN nigsµartIrwgbwug elakeqI¬yeFI√®BegIyfa – - GatµaeCOkmµnigpl G~kNa®b®Bwt† G~kenaH®tUvEtTTYl . EtsMuEtm"¥a g KWdl'eBlsm¬ab'GatµarYc sMubt's∫g'cIBrdak'elIp~ËrtamsmKYrpg . emXatkrcit†ykßk*sMrats∫g'BI®BHsgÙTSgbIGg vaysMBgnwgdMbg sEg˚rTSgbn¬a rYcFak'Tm¬ak'reN†Aerog@x¬Án . s¬ab'…mins¬ab'mindwgeT rYc ehIyExµr®khmk*kaydIlb'ecaleTA˘˘˘ yYnhaNUyken†Øniyaydl'vKenH k*elIk´dcg̨ledImGMBilnigBu®Ta ®BmTSgbn†karj¨Hjg'fa – -Exµr®khmk*cgs∫g'cIBrTSgbIPÇab'K~aeFI√CaExß ehIycgTajBIEmkGMBileTAEmkBu®Ta Tukecal[x¥l'bk'rMePIyCaEl∫g˘˘˘ luHj¨Hjg'cb'ehIy yYnenHk*sm¬wgkumarG~ks†ab' edayjjwmy"ag eBjcit†nUvkll∫icj¨Hjg'rbs'va Edlvayl'fasmehtusmpl man Ps†¨tagCak'Es†g Gacdutcit†kumarkM®JTSgLayenaH [eqHek†AgMCanicç ®tUv EtsgswkcMeJHExµr®khmCadac'xat . eBlenaH®kumkumarQanmuxmanTwkmux®bJb'®seJn manx¬HecjTwk EP~krlIgrelag edaykarQWcab'ex¬acpßa nwkeXIjGMeBIeXareXArbs'Exµr ®khmcab'cg“Em"rbs'x¬ÁnnSykeTAsm¬ab'GJçwgEdr . KYr[cEm¬kEdr ! cuHehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCayYnhaNUyenHdwgerOgExµr ®khmsm¬ab'®BHsgÙTSgbIGgc∫as'las'em"¬H ? karGFib∫ay®BmTSgka yvikarEdlvabeJçjmkenH eFI√[eyIgnwksgß&yfa enAeBleFI√Xat®BH sgÙTSgbIGg c∫as'CamanvaenATIenaHEdrehIyemIleTA ? e®JHenA´f©TI24 -4-75 Kµan®bCaCnfIµNaGacedIrkat'valcMNtGakasyanvalEbkcan VneT ! dUec~HExµreyIg®tUvEtelIkykmk®tiHriHrkehtupl . es~øtenHCaFatuePI¬g man≤TiÏBld*s&ki†siTiÏ GacdutkMedA[eqHgMCanicç kb'y"age®CAk~¨gebHdUgkumakM®J . dUec~HBI´f©enHeTA [EtæeQµaHExµr®khm kumarQanmux®tUvEtkMeTcecalP¬am . maneBlx¬HvadwkkumarTSgenaHeTAbg˙ajk∫alexµacrab'Jn'…dl'mWun Ed lvaKas'erobtSgCae®sc . luHbg˙ajnigj¨Hjg'rYcehIy vak*dwkekµgTSg enaHeTAkan'TIGaf·kMVMgedayniyayfa vanSykeTAeronenAhaNUy ?!?! cUlq~S1979P¬am

yYnhaNUycab'epI†mbJÇËneyaFaExµr®khm®kumTI3

GgkarCanrNa ?

250

[vil®tLb'mktammUldΩancas'@CahUrEhr JseBj´®B´n®beTsExµr eLIgvij . eyaFaExµr®khm®kumTI3enH KWCaBYkEdlyYnhaNUyerIssMrS gecjmkBIBYksÌb'ski†PUminigc®kBti† e®JH®kumTSgenHmankarQWcab' eda yVneXIjpÊal'EP~k EdlbN†almkBIes†cnigc®kBti† c∫SgdeNI†mGMNacK~a eTIb®kumva®tUvkM®J ®tUv®Jt'®Vs'Em"“ x√HTIlMenA . ®kumenHk*dUc CakUnsisßyYnhaNUyEdr manyYnbeg˙at'be®gonBIsUn¥eLIgeTA eq¬øt{ kasj¨Hjg'EhkhYrbMJk'eKalCMhry"agmutfa ®tUvEtkMeTcski†PUminigc ®kBti† . pʨyeTAvij ®kumeyaFaExµr®khmTI3enH ®tUvEtdwgKuNyYnhaNU y dUc®kumkumarQanmuxEdr . emdwknS®kumenHsuTÏEtmansJÇatiCayYn EtvaykeQµaHExµrdak'bn¬MTSgGs' . s†ab'dl'®twmh~wg yayeTogsMusYr elaktaGagfa – - ebIGJçwgyYnhaNUy´llk[Exµrmans®tUvrvagK~anigK~a . Vnes ckI†fa ®kumkumarQanmuxCaG~kkMeTcExµr®khm rI‰®kumExµr®khmTI3 CaG~k kMeTcExµrski†PUminigExµrc®kBti† [yYnhaNUy . elaktaGaggk'k∫albJÇak'faBitCaGJçwgEmn . elaktabn†eTAeTot fa – - ebIExµreyIgedaH®sayminTan'eBlevlaeT edaybeN†ay[sÂgam rvag®kumTSgBIrenHpʨHeLIg s®tUvTSgsg≈agmuxCaVj'sm¬ab'K~aTSgggitg gl' KµanGaNitGasUr edaysarkMhwgeTas:´nkarsgswkpÊal'x¬Ánpg edayyl'fa®tUvEtkMeTcxµSg edIm∫IrMedaHmatuPUmipg . taGagbn†eTAeTotfa - bg@eXIjeT yYnhaNUyvaykX¬a bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg mkGnuvt†eTotehIy . cUec~HcMeJHvibti†´n®beTskmı¨Ca sUmkMueCOEt®tecok nigEP~k . eyIg®tUve®bIxYrk∫al®tiHriHBicarNa[Vnditdl' . sPaBxag e®kArbs'yYnmanlk≈N:Tn'P¬n'eFI√ButcMeJHExµrCanicç .

Jk¥buraNmYy

X¬amanEcgmkehIyfa – « esomminecalk∫Án yYnminecalBut Exµrsflut ®TuDminecalEccUv » . edaysarmUlehtuenH eTIbxM∆¨xM®sav®CavedIm∫Idas' stikUnExµr[P∆ak'rlwkeLIgvij Qb'edklk' Qb'k∫t'K~aeTAvijeTAmk e®JHxµSgvamuxEtykeBlEdleyIgeQ¬aHkab'cak'K~aenHehIy eq¬øtdeNI†mdIkmı¨CakN†al[Gs' . xM∆¨sUmrMlwkbg@eLIgvijfa – - enAq~S1945 yYnCaevotmijvabJÇËnbUdUycUlmktSgmUldΩanJseB j´pÊdI´n®beTskmı¨Ca edayykelsfa vasµ&®Kcit†cUlmks¬ab'CYyExµr

GgkarCanrNa ?

251

edjVrSg . EttamkarBit vacUlmkj¨Hjg'bMEbkbMVk'Exµr edIm∫IbegI˚tExµr evotmij‰eNaHeTAvijeT . etIyYn‰NaEdlsµ&®Kcit†s¬ab'CYsExµrenaH ? e®JHenA‰kmı¨Cae®kam‰eNaH k~¨geBlEdlvafacUlmkCYyExµr (q~S1945) K~ava®kumepßg@eTotkMBugEtcat'karvaykab'sm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr[Gs' . Exµr e®kakeLIgtsflUkab'cak'vavij eFI√[vas¬ab'Vt'bg'CIvity"age®cIn . Exµrkmı¨Ca e®kamQb'lk'Gg˚r m˙ËbbEn¬ nige®KOgåbePaKnana[evotmij . eXIjdUec~Hvak*p¬as'neyaVy edaye®bIes~øteVk®Vs'vijm†g . - enAq~S1946 vacab'epI†mbEnƒmGavuFcit†sa®s† KWPaBxage®kAvae®bI≤riyabflÌTn'P¬n' EpÌm®tCak'rvagExµrkmı¨Cae®kam . - enAedImq~S1947 vasMercbegI˚tsmaKmmit†PaByYn-Exµr-lav . b"uEn† emdwknSEp~kxagExµrKWyYneg√øg-yuSgemog …sWg-g"ukmij …Gacar¥emon . elaktaGagniyaymkdl'®twmenH k*Ebrmuxsm¬wgyayeTog®BmTSgniya yfa sUmbgeTogeFI√CasakßIniyaybn†cuH e®JHkaleNaHKat'CasmaCik CamYynwgeKEdr . yayeTogk*cab'EvkEjkbn†fa – - ExµeenAkmı¨Cae®kamdwgnigyl'fa enHCakll∫iceVk®Vs'rbs'evo tmijEdr b"uEn†mindwgCaeFI√y"agdUcem†c ebIExµrkmı¨Cae®kamdUcCakUnkM®J ®tUv Etpßge®Bgsm©Mes©ømeTA . manbgbÌËnG~kecHdwgx¬HhflaneFI√BlikmµcUlCa smaCiksmaKmmit†PaBExµr-yYn-lavenH edIm∫IrkßaesckI†s©b'es©ømnig esckI†suxsan†CUnbgbÌËnExµrkmı¨Cae®kam tameBlevlaenaHeTA . b"uEn†®tUv ecH®bug®by&t~ e®JHebIvaseg˚teXIjsmaCikExµrNa manstism∫CJÔ: es~haCatiBit@®tUvyYnhaNUyGeJIÇj[eTA «CYyeFI√kar» GgkarelI . ExµrGP&B√TSgenaH ®tUvVt'x¬ÁnrhUt . luH´f©TI21-5-49 yYnTTYlC&yCMnHmhaGsçar¥ yYnelbnKrkmı¨Ca e®kamCaelIkTI2Vt'®semal . cMENk‰smaKmmit†PaByYn-Exµr-lavvi j k*®tUvrlayedays√&y®bvti† . rI‰Exµrkmı¨Cae®kam EdlCasmaCikrbs' smaKm EdlVnrYbrYmCamYyevotmijedIm∫IedjVrSg k*®tUvyYnhaNUy ®bmUlnignSeTATuk[s¬ab'ecalqÌwgenA‰haNUy‰eNaHrhUt . cMENkenA‰kmı¨CakN†al‰eNaHvij hU-CImijk*EbrCabJÇËneg√øgyuSgemog Ek¬gCasWg-g"ukmij cat'EtgtSgCae®sc edIm∫Ibn¬MeFI√Ca®bFan ExµrtsflU . varkßaX¬a smaKmmit†PaByYn-Exµr TukykmkeVkExµrkN†al

GgkarCanrNa ?

252

mYyelIkeTot . yayeTogniyaymkdl'®twmh~wg k*EbrmktaGagsMu[Kat'bn†karGFi b∫ayrbs'Kat'teTAeTot . elaktaGagniTanbn† – - bcç¨b∫n~enHyYnhaNUydEdlE®beQµaHCaevotNam cUlmkluklu y®beTskmı¨Ca edaycat'karbegI˚tCabnÊan'nUvsmaKmmYyEdlmaneQµaH fa smaKmmit†PaBkmı¨Ca-evotNam enA´f©TI18-2-79 edIm∫IeVkExµrEmn . emIlcuH ! k~¨gkaEstnigesckI†Ef¬gkarNn _ ana vaEtgEte®bIX¬amit†PaB kmı¨Ca-evotNam@@®cMEdl@ . b"uEn†rebob®Kb'®Kg®tYt®ta yYnhaNUy minEdleP¬cX¬a «bMEbkbMVk'edIm∫I®Kb'®Kg»enaHeT . vaGnuvt†Vn®twm®tUv tamX¬aenH edaybMEbkExµrVnCae®cIn®kum vacat'EtgtSgExµrEdlsIueCar [eLIgCaQ¬bCacarCn edIm∫IesIubykkarN[ _ va . ≤LËvenHmanExµrx¬H@ kMBugEtedIresIubkarNB _ IExµrK~a‰g eTA[yYnhaNUyeTAvijehIy . BI®kum mYyeTA®kummYyk*dUec~HEdr ®tUvEtesIubkarNk _ ~¨g®kump†l'eTA[yYnhaNUy˘˘˘ dUec~HX¬aEdlEcgfa «mit†PaBkmı¨Ca-evotNam» enAq~S1979enH k*va minxusK~aBIX¬a «mit†PaBExµr-yYn-lav» enAq~S1947enaHeT . enH®Kan'Et CakarlYgelameVkbeJœat EdleKGace®bob®bdUceTAnwgkarGEgÌlx~g st√Jhn:bJçËlnwmEtb"ueNˆaH . cab'tSgBI´f©EsÌkenHeTA ExµreyIg®tUvEttamdanseg˚temIlnUvkll∫i crbs'yYnhaNUy edIm∫I[dwgfa etImanes~øtGIeTotnwgbeJçjmkeVk Exµr nigmtisklelak edIm∫IelbykTwkdIkmı¨CakN†aleyIgenH [Vn ®sbc∫ab'Gn†rCati . e®JHTwkdI®beTskmı¨Carbs'Exµr mtiBiPBelakTTYl sal'enAelIEpnTIrYceTAe®sceTAehIy . yYnx¬Ánvak*VnTTYlsal'eday cuHhtƒelxaelIkicçsn¥asniÏsJÔa®kughßWENv tSgBIExkk˚daq~S1954 mkem"¬H . dUec~HvaminGacelbTwkdIkmı¨CakN†alVngay@dUcnKrkmı¨Ca e®kameLIy . ≤LËvenH yYnhaNUykMBugEte®bIes~øtecar

edaysm¬ab' nigkMcay

ExµrCamças'TwkdIBit@ . es~øtecarenH®besIrNas'

e®JHeTaHbIbgbÌËnExµr

NaEdlmincg'rt'ecalTwkdIk*eday k*eBlenH®tUvEtrt'˘˘˘

y"agehacNa

s'k*mYy®KasinEdr˘˘˘ ehIyeyIgk*min®tUveP¬cfa ®BmeBlCamYyK~aenH

vakMBugEteq¬q¬abegI˚t

GgkarCanrNa ?

253

ExµrfIµ nSykmkCMnYsExµreyIgEdlcakecal®sukenaHeLIy . karbegI˚t ExµrfIµEdlyYnhaNUykMBugEteFI√sB√´f©enH manCaPs†¨tagdUcteTA – ®kumTI1- vaebIkLanedIr®bmUlkumarExµrkM®J EdlmanGayucab'BI8eTA 14q~S edIm∫I®bmUldwknSecjBI®beTsExµr eday®Vb'fa nSykeTAeronenA haNUy . ®kumTI2- KWGaNikCnyYnEdlekItnigmanlMenAenA®beTsExµrBIq~S19 70dl'1971 nig1975 . vaeFI√matuPUminivt†nc _ Ulmk®sukExµrvijehIy Ed lmancMnYn3Esnnak' . ekµgEdlekItenACMnan'enaH nwgnSykmkCamYyva nUvKMnMusgswkcMeJHExµr . e®JHenAsm&yrdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩ manVtukmµmYyEdleFI√eLIgedIm∫IvayBYkyYn KWEm"“va . etInrNaCaG~kbegI˚tVtukmµenH ? eyIgKYrEt®tiHriHBicarNaEdr . e®JHfaenA®sukExµreyIg Vtukmµ mYy@suTÏEtmanG~kdwknScat'EcgeFI√TSgGs' . rI‰G~kEdledIrtamVtukmµ enaH minTSgdwgfax¬ÁneTANa …eTAeFI√GI√pg˘˘˘ ≤LËvGaNikCnyYnTSgenaHbn¬Mdak'eQµaHCaExµr yksJÇatibn¬MCaExµr TSgGs' ehIyEdlmanmYyPaKsµ&®Kcit†kan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khm®kumTI3 EdlsB√´f©enHmantSgmUldΩanenAkEn¬gcas'eLIgvij . ®kumTI3- KW®kumbUdUyEdlmanParkicçmkbMeBjebskkmµenA®sukExµr ®tUveKarBvin&ytamlk≈&Nd*®twm®tUv. m~ak'@®tUveFI√karenA®sukExµrk~¨gry:®®VM q~S

. ebIk~¨gry:®VMq~SenH vaeKarBvin&yminVn®twm®tUveT va®tUvEtenA®suk

Exµrdl'eTA10q~S .ebIk~¨gry:10q~S F¬ak'elxm†geTot BYkbUdUyTSgenaH®tUv EtenA®sukExµrrhUt˘˘˘ KWvasni~dΩanTukdUcCaExµr . ≤LËvenHyYnhaNUybg≈M BYkbUdUyGs'TSgenaH [eronsU®tGkßrExµrCadac'xat . BYkbUdUym~ak'@TTY lkUnesovePAmYyBIGgkarelI man®bEvgbeN†ay13sg'TIEm"®t nigTTwg 9sg'TIEm"®t man104TMB&rTSg®kb . enAelI®kbmanGkßryYn3m"at' – - eronpÊal'x¬Án ( Hoc ca nhan ) . k~¨gry:eeBl2´f© ®tUveron®s:nigB¥JÇn:ExµrmYyTMB&r . k~¨gry:®®VM´f© ®tUveron[ecHPasaExµrmYyTMB&r . k~¨gry:b b"unµan@Ex ®tUveron[cb'mYyesov ePA100TMB&renH . eroncb'rYcehIy®tUveTAkan'GgkarelI TTYlykkUnesov ePAfIµ cab'eronsU®tbn†eTAeTot .l. eBlenaHelaktaGagf©Ërfa – - bgbÌËnExµreGIy

edIm∫IvatTIykTwkdIExµr

yYnhaNUye®bIkll∫ic

GgkarCanrNa ?

254

y"aglÌitlÌn' . vamanKuNsm∫ti†®Kb'vis&y vaeKarBvin&yVny"aghµt'ct' vaeFI√kartamExßry:y y"ag®twm®tUv vabiunlak'karNV _ ny"agCit . Ep~kneya VyvaecHe®bIkll∫icd*eqI~m manbÂJças'manbeN†ay vaniyay®kLic®k L¨c≤teGonxµas'KµansasnN _ aenAelIBiPBelakGaceFI√VndUcvaeLIy . Ep~kkgT&BvamanCag1lank∫al becçkeTsEp~keFI√sÂgam vabiunGb'rM [Gt'®TS sIuVyrYmval'EckCamYypIÊrnig®tkYnes©arbg'EtGMbil . Ep~ke®KOgGavuF k~¨gq~S1975 cb'sÂgamP¬am ®beTsyYnmane®KOgs m∏ar:y y"age®cInsMebIm – - kSePI¬g

mancMnYn1lan6EsnedIm

- es∫øgGahar

mancMnYn13mWunetan

- Lankam"Ƭg

mancMnYn4mWun2Jn'

- LandwkT&B

mancMnYn1mWun2Jn'

- GavuFkarJrreTHtg'

mancMnYn6mWun2Jn'e®KOg

- navacMVMg

mancMnYnrab'Jn'e®KOg

- ®BmTSgkV"l'ehaHcMVMgmYycMnYn EdlPaKe®cInCakV"l'ehaH®bedjFun®btikmµ . emIlcuH ! yYnmane®KOgcMVMgd*e®cInelIslb' k~¨gcMeNam®beTsTS gbIenAe®Cay≤NÎËcink~¨gGasIuPaKGeK~ye_ nH . vaman®bCaCne®cInkuHkr siƒtenAelI´pÊdId*cegÌøtcgÌl' e®kome®kaH≤tCIrCati . mUlehtuenH vamin Tuk[eyIgVnsuxeLIy . yYnhaNUyminEmn®Kan'EteVkes†csIhnub"ueNˆaHeT vaGacbEg√g danbMP&n†mtiBiPBelak mtiGn†rCati[yl'®cLMfa sÂgamk~¨g®beTsExµr KW Exµr®khmsm¬ab'Exµr . cMENkraÂs†ExµrEdl®tUvTTYlrge®KaH k*VneXI jnwgEP~kdUec~HEdr . yayeTogsMubJÇak'fa Kat'VneXIjpÊal'nwgEP~k Exµr ®khmnS®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgcUlmkcab'cgbI†rbs'Kat' nigbgbÌËnExµrenA kg´®Bs√ay nSykeTAsm¬ab'Cabn†bnÊab' luHCitcb'ebskkmµ Ggkarcat' karsm¬ab'Exµr®khmTSgenaHvijecalexÊc enHCaerOgd*cEm¬kNas' eyIg CaExµrKYrEtelIkykmk®tiHriHBicarNa . dUec~H®Kb'@GB∏Ëtehtu ®Kb'@åbkrNn _ ana ekItmaneLIgminTMngk~¨g®b eTsExµrenH ebIeyIgExµrecHtamdan rYce®bIxYrk∫al®tiHriHBicarNae®bobeFo b eyIgGacrkeXIjmuxGgkarGnamikenAkN†alval®sLHeFg KWyYnha

GgkarCanrNa ?

255

NUy . elaktaGagbJÇak'fa

BimßilmijeyIgeF√s®bEhs

eyIg®tUvVt'bg'

TwkdIkmı¨Cae®kammYynKreTAehIy . ´f©EsÌkenHebIExµreyIgminecHBn¥l' K~a[sal'kll∫icyYnhaNUy ebIeyIgminP∆ak'rlwksʨHe®kakeLIgrYbrYm samKIcgVc'K~aCaF¬¨gmYy [Vnrh&sTan'eBlevlaeTenaH ®by&t~ ! eyI gnwgVt'bg'TwkdIkmı¨CakN†almYynKreTotCaminxan . sB√´f©EdleyIg enAsl'degI˙mp†wk@ KWedaysarBiPBelakCYykarJreyIg . cuHebIeyIgb EN†tbeN†ay[Gn†rCati …BiPBelakyl'®cLMTTYlsal'ExµrEk¬gk¬ay EdlyYnhaNUykMBugbegI˚tenaH

eBlenaHeyIgExµrBit@®tUvEtputBUC

ehIy˘˘˘ ❑

❑ ❑

enAyb'´f©TI24 emsa 1979, enAk~¨g®kumyayeTogKµannrNam~ak'edk lk'eT . ®Kb'@rUbeTIbnwgmanvasnaVns†ab' VndwgfayYnvae®bIEtkl l∫i c vaGacelbnKrkmı ¨ Cae®kammY yVny" aggay ≤LË vyY ndEdlkM Bu g ®bmUllkl∫icenaHykmkGnuvt† edIm∫IvatTIyknKrkmı¨CakN†almYyeTo t . BYkeyIgeTIbEtyl'GMBIlk≈N:sÂgamk~¨g®sukExµrenAeBlenHeT . KW sÂgamrvagyYnnigExµr . em"ag9 ´f©TI25 emsa 1979 elaktaGagsMulayayeTogeTAkan'bnÊa yGMBil . elaktacg'bMerIrNsirßNamYyedIm∫IkMeTcyYnrMedaHmatuPUmikmı¨Ca . eBlenaH®sI@emm"ayTSgGs' k*bbYlyayeTogeTAtamelaktaGa g . BIe®JHeBlenaHeKcayEtmasnigeB®C ebI®sI@TSgGs'enHmanEtexa GavmYybn¬as'dac'dacCab'nwgx¬Ány"agenH etImanGI√eTATijGg˚r ? . k~¨gq~S1979 ®bCaBlrdΩExµrkMBugGt'Vy Gt'CMrk ®sab'Etæfa Ggkar mnusßFm·Gn†rCatiTTUcGg√ryYnnigExµrGay"g sMudwkCMnYyCaes∫øgeTACYy Exµr b"uEn†yYnvabdiesFmin®BmTTYl erOgenHGsçar¥Nas' . dUec~H®bCaCn Exµr®tUvEtedIrefIµreCIg BITI®kugVt'dMbgeTAkan'CMrMnanasiƒtenAtambeN†ay ®BMEdnExµr-´f edaymancm©ay100K˘m˘

edIm∫IsMuGg˚rEdlGgkarmnusß

GgkarCanrNa ?

256

Fm·Gn†rCatidak'Tan[ExµrenATIenaH rYcErkmkkan'TI®kugVt'dMbgvij . b"uEn† BueTÏaeGIy ! manvibti†mYyy"agF©n'eTot KWeBlErkcUlCitdl'PUminimit† k*®tUv bUdUyEdlQrcSenATIenaHsÊak'b¬n'ykGs'rlIg . ®bCaCnExµrkMBugGs'sgÙwm ®sab'Etæxßwb@K~afa – - ®tUvEtErkq~SgeTArkGg˚r minVc'eTAErkGg˚rmkrkq~SgeLIy˘˘˘ X¬aenH KWs®tUvvabegI˚teLIgedIm∫IkMcayExµr . Exµrk*beNI†rK~adUcEhrkzin Erkq~Sg eTArkGg˚rEmn ! . cMENkyayeTog eBlmit†@rbs'Kat'bbYlcakecjecalTwkdIkmı¨Ca Kat'KSgmat'rkJk¥eqI¬ytbswgKµan . Kat'®tUvEt®Jt'®Vs'EbkecjBImit† @d*kMst'enHCadac'xat . Kat'yMbeNI†r Kat'niyaynUveKalbMNgrbs' Kat'beNI†r – TI1- Kat'®tUvenArg'cSdMNwgkUn®bus4nak'eTot tambN†SbI†rbs'Kat' EdlVnp†SmunnwgGgkarnSykeTAsm¬ab' faebInrNaVnrYcecjBInwmEdk enH ®tUvEtmkrg'cSCYbCMuK~aenApÊHrbs'eyIgenH . TI2- xM∆¨VnTTYlbN†SBIbgKwm-gYn®tacfa ebIxM∆¨sl'enArs' ®tUvEttam danrkesIub[eXIjGMBIlk≈N:´nvibti† EdlekItmaneLIgk~¨g®beTskmı¨Ca bN†al[vinashinehacex¬acpßaminTMngy"agenH . ebIxM∆¨®sav®CaveTA rkeXIjdUceyabl'rbs'elak xM∆¨®tUvsresrTukCa®bvti†saÂs† CaemeronsM rab'kUnExµr CaBiessemdwknSExµrenACMnan'e®kay [Vndwgy"agc∫as'las'fa – - GgkarGnamikCanrNa ? - etI®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMgCasasnN _ a? mUlehtuenH yayeTogk*sMerccit†®tUvEt®TSenAk~¨g®sukExµr tsflU®sav ®Cav[Vndwgc∫as'CagenHteTAeTot BIåVyklrbs'yYnhaNUy Edl ®sab'EtbeNI†rK~aedIrr"uycUlmkratt∫at®beTsExµry"ag®sYlKµanht'enO y KµanBiVkeFI√sÂgamy"agenH . KMeragkarTI1rbs'hU-CImijVnsMercCasƒaBrehIy KW®tUvtamlMnSJk¥TUnµanrbs'ta®bFanTij EdlVnniyayBIyb'´f©TI28 kum∏: 1948fa – - c∫SgCamYyExµr ebIQ~HVn®Kb'®Kg ebIcaj'eFI√esdΩI EdlkaleNaH yayeTogGg¨ys†ab'CamYynwgeKEdr . m"¥ageTot®tUvtamlMnSJk¥xßib exßøvrbs'yYnEdlfa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

257

- ebI‰gmineTAtTl'eFI√cMVMgenAkmı¨CaeT ‰gnwgs¬ab'edaykarGt'X¬an EtebI‰geTAykVyvasuI ‰gGacenAmansMNagnwgenArs'teTAeTot˘˘˘ yayeTognwkeXIjsB√®Kb'k*®sk'TwkEP~ke®cak@ ®BmTSgra"yrab'®V b'mit†@rbs'Kat'fa – -k~¨gmYyCIvitenH xM∆¨®tUvvinas®Jt'®Vs'bgbÌËn®KYsar rgTuk≈evTnarhUt tSgBIGayu20q~SrhUtmkdl'´f©enH edaysarEtyYnhaNUytamrksm¬ab' BIe®JHxM∆¨eKcminbMerIva . kaleNaHPaKe®cIn®Jt'rs' . Et≤LËvenHbN†almkEtBIyYnhaNUydEdl EdllYcbn¬Me®bIeQµaH GgkarGnamik xM∆¨®tUv®Jt'®Vs'bI†kUn@bÌËn@kµÁy@ ehIyEdlPaKe®cInKW®J t's¬ab' . - Kµankartk's¬¨tQWcab'ex¬acpßaGI√CagkareXIjpÊal'EP~k nUv®kumXatkrEdlmkcab'cgbI†rbs'x¬Án nSykeTAsm¬ab'eLIy ! cMENk®TB¥sm∫ti† ®tUvrlayGs'rlIg xM∆¨sl'EtVt´dTeTCaelIkTI2 . yayeTogelIk´dbn'®sn'Gs'vtƒ¨s&ki†siTiÏTSgLay sUmCYyENnS kar®sav®Cavrbs'Kat'[qab'VnsMerc . Kat'nwkeTAdl'skmµPaBrbs'hIuEt¬ EdleKsal'eBjBiPBelak˘˘˘ Et hIuEt¬sm¬ab'breTsedIm∫IB®gIk®beTsrbs'x¬Án edIm∫I®tYt®taBiPBelak . cMENk‰Exµrvij k*®sab'EteKepIÌleBjBiPBelakEdrfa ExµrkacsahavCa ghIuEt¬eTAeTot . b"uEn†ebIeyIgBinit¥[hµt'ct'eTA G~kEdlsm¬ab'Exµr CaGgkarGnamik Ca Exµrl©g'ex¬A Caecar´®B EdlekIteLIgBIkarj¨Hjg' ehIyEdl®tUvXatkr Gaf·kMVMgsm¬ab'bn†eTAeTot rhUtdl'Gs'sasnE_ xµr enA´f©NamYyCamin xan . XatkrCaGgkarGnamik KµanrUbKµanrag e®bIyIehaExµr®khm GYtekÌ gkÌag tSgx¬ÁnCatMNagrbs'Ggkar edIrGeJIÇjPUtkuhk cuc[cM@cMNuc exßay´nnamWunG~krdΩkarExµr rYc®bmUldwknSykeTAcUlcMkN†alGnÊak'Exß e®tom´n®kumXatkrGaf·kMVMg [®kumenHVj'sm¬ab'ecalelg@ KµanBiVk bg≈M KµanBiVkcg˘˘˘ ®Kb'@rUbes¬økJk'‰ksNÏantamyss&ki†sÌat@ « mi nEmn®satexa edaHGav rYcbÂJçkcUlk~¨gbnÊb'åsµ&n nS[lMVkevTna dUc hIuEt¬sm¬ab'CatihÇIveLIy » . k~¨gry:4q~SKt' yayeTogTTYlTaruNkmµk~¨gsƒannrkelakiy . Kat' q©l'Esnq©l'fa ehtuy"agdUcem†cVanCaExµrEdlCaG~kkan'®BHBuTÏsasna

GgkarCanrNa ?

258

EdlF¬ab'Ets¬Ët®tg' swgminhflanTHmUs…ruypgenaH ®Kan'EtCatMNagGg karGnamik k*k¬ayeTACaXatkry"agsahavå®kidΩem"¬H ? ehtuy"agdUcem†c VnCaEbreTAsm¬ab'®BHsgÙEdlx¬ÁnF¬ab'EteKarBesIµ®BHsmµasmı¨TÏ ? eh tuy"agdUcem†cVnCasm¬ab'bJÔv&n† rYceTAelIkbn†¨bBYkecar´®BeTAvij (?!) . eKsMKal'eXIjfa enAk~¨gry:eeBl4q~SenaH Ggkarsm¬ab' – - ExµrsaFarNrdΩ - Exµr®sLaj'sem†c“ EdlenAk~¨genaHmaneyaFacMnYn4mWunnak', - Exµr®khm®kumexov-sMpn, enATIbJçb' - Exµr®khmEdlekItmkBIecar edayKµanCMnMuCMrHGI√eLIy . « ebIminVneXIjpÊal'EP~k swgmineCO » . CaTIbJçb' elataGagk*bJÇak'fa GgkarKWyYnhaNUy . yayeTog nwkeXIjeLIgvij enAeBlEdlKat'eFI√dMeNIrBIvt†s√aymkPUmiGn¬g'kUb bn† mkdl'Vt'dMbg edaykat'tam®sukemagÚsßI Edlmancm©ay120KILËEm" ®t . Kat'VneXIjekµg@bUdUycMnYn33nak' EdlCakUnyYnhaNUy man GavuFswgmin®Kb'´d kMBugbeJçjskmµPaBedayesrI . man®kumx¬H®ct'ceg˚HQremIlesIccMGk®bmafExµrCae®cInEsnnak'

EdledIreTAedIrmkKµan

TisedA manEtexaGavdac'dacmYybn¬as'Cab'nwgx¬Án Vt´dTeT . mUlehtu TSgGs'enHCaBnW¬GacbJçSgelcecjnUvkll∫icnigneyaVyrbs'yYn haNUy EdlvatTIykTwkdIkmı¨Ca˘˘˘ luHmanBnW¬x¬H@y"agenH yayeTogk*®Vb'mit†@rbs'Kat'fa – « xM∆¨mincakecjecal®sukExµrCadac'xat xM∆¨b†ËrCIvitenA®sukExµr xMB¥aya m®sav®Cav[Vndwgc∫as'elIsBIenHeTAeTot » . enAeBlxM∆¨rkeXIj xM∆¨nwg sresrTukCa‰ksar CaBiessTukCabN†Sdl'ExµrCMnan'e®kay®Kb'@®sTab' tSgBIemdwknSrhUtdl'kUnExµrTUeTA [VndwgehIynSK~ariHrkmeF¥aVyedaH®saye®sac®sg'CatieyIgeLIgvij . - ®tUvbbYlK~asikßaGMBIneyaVy - ®tUvbbYlK~a®tiHriHBicarNa edayminbEN†tbeN†ay[caj'eVk≤TiÏ BlneyaVybreTs mancinnigyYnCaedIm . - ®tUvecHxµas'eGoncMeJHGMeBIefakTabTSgLay Qb'yl'®cLMeday ≤tBicarNa dUcExµrEdlekIteLIgcMCMnan'es†csIhnu nigemExµr®khmexov sMpn .

GgkarCanrNa ?

259

- ®tUvyl'fa KµansasnN _ a®sLaj'ExµrCagExµreLIy . - ebIExµrminecHCYyExµreT Kµansasnd _ ´TNaGacmkCYyExµrVneLIy (x¬ÁnTIBwgx¬Án …Gt†ahiGt†enanaefa) . - GavuFd*s&ki†siTiÏx¬Sgk¬aGackarJrCatiVn KWExµr®Kb'rUb ®Kb'mCŒdΩan ®tUvP∆ak'rlwke®kakeLIg rYbrYmK~aedayesµaH®tg' CaBiess®tUvecHlHbg' ecal[Gs'nUvKMnMupÊal'x¬Án min®tUvniyayrMlwk®cMEdl@ nUvkMhusTSgLayEdlvrCnExµrVn®b®Bwt†xusBImun@enaHeLIy .l. enAeBlEdlelaktaGags†ab'sMdIGHGagrbs'yayeTogVnmkdl' ®twmh~wg Kat'mankarrMePIbcit†y"agx¬Sg k*elIk´dGEgÌlsµayayeTog ®Bm TSgniyayfa – - ®besIrNas' ! ®besIrNas' ! enHCakMnitd*l̉k . xM∆¨sMuKS®Tnig CUnBrdl'bg sUmeTvtaCYybg[VnsMercnUveKalbMNgd*eqI~menH˘˘˘ xM∆¨ sMuFanaCUn®sI@TSg13nak' ecjdMeNIreTAkan'bnÊayGMBil . k~¨g{kasEbkK~aCacuge®kayenH ®Kb'@rUbtwg®TUgesIÊre®bH k†¨kk†Álk~¨g cit† BMuGacrkJk¥eBcn‰ _ NamkBN·na[Gs'esckI†VneLIy . TSgGs' K~amanEtTwkEP~kCMnYssMdI EdlCasakßI´nesckI†QWcab'ex¬acpßaesaks e®gg . mit†@d*kMst'TSgGs'k*EbkK~arhUt tSgBIeBlenaHmk .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

260

CMBUkTI21 ‹ karrse' nAkg ¨~ rbbyn Y km u y ¨µ ns i † ‹ karcatE' tgtSgCaKj i sma© t' ‹ edm I ∫b I egt ˚I Exrµ fµI bd U y U ®tvU eronGkßrExrµ ‹ ecarbn ¬ C ' aelk I Tm I y Y ‹ Cb Y embd U y U eQaµ Hvj i -Km i elog ng i lk w ‹ CrM « M km u arsgQam» ‹ ecarbn ¬ C ' aelk I TB I rI ‹ Cb Y elak fac-' e®TOg ng i elak Km w -hrYfl ‹ ecarbn ¬ C ' aelk I Tb I I

karrse' nAkg ¨~ rbbyn Y km u y ¨µ ns i † BI´f©TI25-4-79 dl'´f©TI16-6-80 ´f©bn†bnÊab' yayeTogedIremIlcMkarEp¬eQIsiƒtenAPUmie®kayvt†rMdYl mYy®tYs . Kat'edIrBIvt†rMdYlrhUtdl'vt†eJFivgß Kat'eXIjedImeQIsIuEp¬ ®Kb'Funsi√t®kjg'@ ®tUvepI¬geqHex¬acJseBj . cMENkpÊHvILae®KOgeQI cMnYn300x~g ®tUvruHerIdwknSecjGs'rlIg sl'EtkMeTc≤dÏnigCeNI†rEdl eFI√BIfµ .

GgkarCanrNa ?

261

eBlenaHyayeTogVnCYbEt®sIemm"aydUcx¬ÁnKat' Edl®tUv®Jt'®V s'bI†kUn «KW®Jt's¬ab'» sMNak'enAk~¨gkUnxÊmtUc@®bk's¬wkdUg KµanCJÇSg KµanE®K Gg¨y…edkpÊal'dI . eBlCYbK~aeday´cdn¥enH k*elat{bK~aKSg mat' harniyayswgminrYc ®Kb'@K~a®KvIk∫almanEtTwkEP~keTCasMnYrnigCa cemI¬y . yayeTogsYrsuxTuk≈epßg@k*dwgfa «®KYsarnimYy@mansmaCik10na k'®tUvs¬ab'y"agtic4nak' . man®KYsarx¬Hsl'enArs'Etm~ak' man®KYsarx¬H ®tUvs¬ab'putBUC . eBlenaHyayeTogk*GYtnwgeKEdr . emIlcuH ! ®KYsarrb s'xM∆¨8nak' sl'enArs'Et5nak' . ®KYsarbÌËnbegI˚trbs'xM∆¨13nak' sl'enA rs'7nak' . ®KYsarkµÁyrbs'xM∆¨9nak' sl'enArs'Etm~ak'Kt' . ®KYsarrbs' bÌËn´f¬xM∆¨4nak' ®tUvs¬ab'putBUC . « xM∆¨sresrCaåTahrNe_ nHcg'bg˙ajfa ExµreyIg®tUvs¬ab'CagJk'kN†al » . m"¥ageTot G~kesssl'enArs'k* ePosx¬ÁneTAkan'®beTsTI3 dUcCa®KYsaryayeTogCaedIm Kµansl'nrNa m~ak'enA®sukExµreT .l. nig .l. ´f©bnÊab'mk yayeTogedIremIlTI®kugVt'dMbgmYy®tYs . Kat'ecjdM eNIrBIpßarvt†lab edIrvagmnIÊreBT¥FMeTAkan'p¬Ëvelx1 ®sbtambeN†ay dgsÊwgsEg˚r eTAkan'pßarelI Edlmancm©ayCa4KILËEm"®t rYcKat'®tLb' vilvij edIrtamp¬Ëvelx3 . {BueTÏaeGIy ! TI®kugmYyTSgmUlsl'EtsMbk . TI®kugVt'dMbgCaTI ®kugTI2´n®beTskmı¨Ca manbeN†ay®bEvg6KILËEm"®t . cugxageCIgman pßarmYy KWpßarvt†lab . cugxageCIgmanpßarmYyeTotKWpßarelI . pßarTSg BIrenH®tUvruHerIGs'rlIg . enAkN†alTI®kug manpÊHpßarsaFarN:mYyy"ag FM beN†ay®bEvg100Em"®t TTwg®bEhl40Em"®t manf~l'B&TÏCMuvij . ®s bbeN†ayf~l'enH manhaglk'TMnij®Kb'mux manTSgeragkun nig{sf dΩanCaedIm . xagt∫ËgpßarFM ®sbtambeN†ayp¬Ëvelx1 elx2 elx2kn¬H nigelx3 manhaglk'TMnij®Kb'mux6CYr beN†ay®bEhl500Em"®t manTSgeragkun eragel≈an nig{sfdΩanCaedImpg . xageCIgpßarmanhag lk'TMnij®Kb'mux4CYr manTSgeragkun eragel≈an nig{sfdΩanpgEdr . ´f©TI17-4-75 hagTSgenHmanTMnij®Kb'muxeBj@ . ≤LËv´f©TI284-79 em"ag®bEhl11 TI®kugVt'dMbgsl'EtsMbk sUm∫IEtT√arbgÌËc ®tUv edaHdwknSecjGs'rlIg GacemIleXIjk~¨ghagTSgenaHTeTsÌat . dUec~H

GgkarCanrNa ?

262

bg˙aj[eXIjCak'Es†gfa ®beTsExµr®tUvvinashinehack~¨gry:eBlGg karTTYlC&yCMnH KWGgkarbMp¬ajexÊcbMp¬ajxIÊTSgGs' . yayeTogedIremI lbeNI†rrYceFI√sMnYrsYredayq©l'fa etIGgkarGt'rUbGt'ragenHeFI√em†cGacdw kTMnij®Kb'muxnig®TB¥sm∫ti†epßg@d*e®cInmhima ®BmTSgT√arbgÌÁc tu TU eCIgm"a E®K CaedImeTAkan'TINa ? . yayeTogedIreTAdl'pßarFM k*bt'eq√gedItamp¬ËvLaeG ( La Haye ) ®sa b'EteXIjyaycas'@bYnnak'Gg¨ypÊal'dI {bk∫alCgg'rebobGs'sgÙwm yayeTogedIrcUleTACYb CMrabsYrsuxTuk≈ . Y

yaym~ak'r"ayr"ab'fa – - ®kumKat'TSgbYnnak'enH®tUv®Jt'®Vs'®KYsarGs'rlIg k*bbYlK~amk

sMNak'enATIenHCagmYyExehIy e®JHeFI√dMeNIreTAmuxeTotElgrYc . ya yeTogsYrfa – etImças'hagTSgLayenaHmanmkkan'TIlMenA…eT ? . yaydEdleqI¬ yeLIgfa – - manx¬H@Edr PaKe®cIn®sI@˘˘˘ b"uEn†mkdl'eXIjeFI√muxs©Át®KvIk∫al rYcedIrecjVt'eTA . manG~kx¬HedIrmkdl'P¬am k*cUlk~¨ghagedIm∫ICIkKas' rkmaseB®CEdlx¬ÁnVnkb'lak'Tuk . cMENkbUdUyvatamX¬SemIlCanicç eBlG~kTSgenaHecjBIhagmkvij vab¬n'ykGs'rlIg rYcVj'sm¬ab'ecalenATIenaHeTA . maneBlx¬Hvacab'cg rYcGarkm†gbni†c@ kMejIjrkmas eB®C . åTahrNd _ Uc®kumrbs'Kat'bYnnak'enH ®tUvbUdUycUlmkcab'cgTSg´f© vavayeFI√Vby"agTaruN . yaym~ak'xagenHmanmaseB®CmYykJçb'[va eTIbBYkxM∆¨VnrYcx¬Án b"uEn†CaGkusl vaGarkyaym~ak'‰eNaHmanrbYsy"ag F©n' niyayminekItedIrminrYc . m"¥ageTotk~¨gTI®kugKµanGI√TSgGs' KµanGg˚r KµanGus KµanTwk . yay enHelIk´dcg̨l®BmTSg®Vb'yayeTogfa – « eBldN†Ss¬®tUvEtBuHT√ar bgÌÁcVk'EbkenaHdut˘˘˘ ®tUvkarTwkk*yYrkUnLSgtUcmYyenaHeTAdgTwksÊwg» . dUec~H®kumrbs'Kat'TSgbYnnak' Gg¨yrg'cSeBls¬ab'Etb"ueNˆaH .l. nig .l. yayeTog®sk'TwkEP~ke®cak@ GaNitdl'yayTSgenaHNas' . Ka t'nwkf©Ërk~¨gcit†fa –

{ExµreGIy ! minkYrF¬ak'dundabdl'f~ak'enHesaH . ®k

GgkarCanrNa ?

263

ehIyT&leTot . KµannrNaGacCYynrNaVneLIy . yayeTogk*sMBH sMulayayTSgbYnnak'enaH rYcKat'edIreTAemIleragel≈anVk'esg siƒtenA xageCIgpßarFM EdlevotkugbJÇa[bg˙at'el≈an . eK[eQµaHfa el≈anCati. ®kumenHsMNak'enAEsnrehmrham edkpÊal'fµ KµankenÊl Kµanmug eBldN†Ss¬ ®tUvEtBuHT√ar bgÌÁc tu TUVk'Ebk ®tUvkarTwkk*yYrLSgeTAdgTwk sÊwgGJçwgEdr . KµannrNaeTAsMNak'enACan'TI2 …TI3eLIy e®JHCakEn¬ gEdleKTuksMrab'CuHenameTAvij . yayeTogedIreTAkan'salEdleKkMBu gbg˙at'el≈an . Kat'P∆ak'rMePIbP¬wk e®JHenAmuxsalbg˙at'el≈an Kat'eXIj GMbilEdlhUrehorecjBIe®cInryVvBukkJças' EdlbJÇak'[dwgfa eKV nlak'TukCayUrq~SmkehIy . yayeTogsYr®sIyYnhaNUyd*ekµgm~ak' EdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUv®kumel≈anfa – - etIVnGMbilBINae®cInem"¬H ? ®sIyYnenaHesIckac'k ®BmTSgeqI¬yEvkEjkfa – - ®beTsExµrminx√HGMbileT KWExµr®khm®bmUlykmklak'min[®bCa CnExµrhUbeTetI ! . sB√´f©enH GMbilmane®cInryVv Edlvalak'Tukk~¨g eragkuneGEdn nigk~¨gC®guksƒitenAEk∫rsƒaniyrfePI¬gCaedIm˘˘˘. ❑

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´f©TI30-4-79 em"ag®bEhl9®Bwk yayeTogeFI√dMeNIreTAeragkuneG Ednm†geTot . GMbilEdlGgkarcit†eXareXAlak'Tukk~¨gry:eeBl44Ex bgÌt'min[ExµrsIu k*Vn®tUvyYnhaNUykab'T√ar bg˙ËrecjBIVvkMBukrab'ry TSgenaHdUcTwkVk'TMnb' [ExµrekIbedayesrI . « enHCaåTahrNm _ YyeTot smeTAtamJk¥rbs'taeg√øg-va"n'Tij Ed lVnBn¥l'nisßitCMnan'TImYy kalBIyb'´f©TI28-2-48 EdleKehAfa eFI√[Gs'sgÙwmrYcCYy[mansgÙwmeLIgvij ! » . ´f©TI2-5-79 em"ag®bEhl9®Bwk yayeTogcUlkan'salaext†Vt'dM bgesIubsÊg'rkkareFI√ . eBlenaHelaksWn-daj' ( elaksWn-daj'®tUvyY ncab'x¬ÁnenAq~S1984 ) CaG~kbkE®bPasayYn-Exµr ®keLkeXIjKat' k*eFI√

GgkarCanrNa ?

264

kayvikar®Vb'yayeTogfa «elaksMuCYbsin» . yayeTogk*edIrecjBICYr eTAQrEk∫rCJÇSgcSelak . mYysnʨH elakswn-daj'k*edIrmkCYb{bya yeTogbg˙ËrTwkEP~krlIgrelag rYcxßib®Vb'Kat'fa – - sUmbgkMudak'Jk¥eFI√kar[esaHNa± ! evotkugkMBugEtesIubrkmuxGtI tG~krdΩkar ! . rYcehIyk*ekokkyayeTogbeNI†reTAkan'KMnrGMbil . elakekIbGMbilBIrlI®t®ckfghuc[yayeTog ehIyxßib®Vb'm†geTotfa – - edIm∫IkMu[yYnvasgß&y sUmbgykGMbilenHeTApÊHvij xM∆¨nwgPrvafa bg®sIxM∆¨mkrksMuGMbil . niyayVn®twmh~wg elaksWn-daj'k*sMulaya yeTogecjeTA . eBlenaHyayeTogP∆ak'rMePIbP¬wkm†geTot e®JHeXIj®b CaraÂs†ExµrCae®cInes¬økJk'dac'r´y"Qrbn†knʨyK~amuxjjwmcSTTYlGMeNayGMbilBIyYn . kll∫icenH®besIrNas' emIlcuH®bCaraÂs†ExµrkMBugEtGs'sgÙwmrg' cSeBls¬ab' ®sab'EteXIjyYnhaNUymk«CYy»Emn . ®bCaraÂs†ExµrkM BugEtGt'GMbilsIu ®sab'EtyYnhaNUyykGMbilmkEck[ ?!?! . mUlehtuenH ®bCaraÂs†ExµrEdlx√HkarBicarNa minVnsikßaneyaV y[Vnc∫as'las' EbrCaTHKUfGrKuNyYnhaNUyEdlCaemXatkr ni gCaecarQ¬anJnb¬n'®TB¥sm∫ti†nigTwkdIExµreTAvij . yayeTogQremIlkayvikarrbs'yYnlYcGMbilrbs'Exµr ehIykMBugEtykmkEck[Exµr « dUrykKuN» y"agQWcab' . Kat'®KvIk∫alrYck*vil®tLb'eTAkan'kUnxÊmenA e®kayvt†rMdYlvij . Kat'tSgcit†nwgnrrwgbwugGt'Fµt' nSkUnTSgBIrnak'kab'Ka s'dIdSdMNStamFmµta eTaHCaeXIjG~k®sukepIÌlQUqrbbYlK~aedIrcakecjecal®sukdUceKEhrkfin KW «Erkq~SgeTArkGg˚r» k*eday .

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enA´f©TI3-5-79 em"ag®bEhl9 manbUdUyekµg@3nak'CayYneh√ kan' GavuF®Kb'´dedIrBInit¥emIlPUmivt†rMdYl va®keLkeXIjyayeTognigkUn@rb

GgkarCanrNa ?

265

s'Kat'kMBugdSeJt vasgß&yCamças'PUmienH KWCamças'pÊHeTIbmkdl' . bUdUyTSg3nak'enHk*beNI†rK~aeTABinit¥emIlCeNI†r sÊabGEgÌlCJÇSg Cafµdusrelag®sil Edlsl'CÂgwgkN†alval manExßepI¬gCab'x√at'Ex√ genAeLIy . vasm¬k'sm¬wgyayeTog®BmTSgniyayK~avafa – - yayenHmans†¨ks†m∏Nas' Ba nay giau sang lam pÊHenHEbblÌsÌa tNas' Nha nay tôt dep lam . yayeTogs†ab'ædUec~aH Kat'k*edIreTACYbbU dUyTSgenaH . Kat'´llkertamx¥l'mYyry:sin rYcehIyk*niyayfa – - eKarBkUn@, kUn@suxsb∫ayeT… chao con ! con manh gioi ha ? bUdU ytSgbInak'manGarmµNd _ UcCaP∆ak' vaebIkEP~kFM@sm¬wgmuxK~amYysnʨH rYcva sMuGeJIÇjyayeTogeTAGg¨yelICeNI†r . vak*sYrsuxTuk≈ ®BmTSgsYr®bv ti†rbs'yayeTog CaBiessvacg'dwgfa ehtuem"cyayeTogecHniyayPa sayYn . eBlenaHyayeTog´llkPrfa “BukCayYn m†ayCaExµr ( e®JHBIeBl mun@ Kat'®Vb'bUdUyfaKat'CaCatiyYn, bUdUyTSgLayenHEtgEtbg˙ajGar mµNc _ Em¬k@Nas') cMENkbI†rbs'Kat'eQµaHyI-vij®TI CaCatiyYn eTIbG gkarsm¬ab'ecal . bUdUyæeQµaHenHvaeCO100PaKry eTIbvaniyay®tg'@ Kµanlak'elomfa – - KYr[s†ayNas'@ ehtuem"†cEm"min®bmUl®KYsarnivt†eTAkan'®beTs evotNam ? kalBIq~S1975 bUdUy®bmUlGaNikCnyYnVncMnYn2Esnna k' dwknSeKcykeTATuk®sukyYn . embU dU yenHeQµ aHeg√ øg-v" an' Ti j Jk' s& ki † 3CaG~ kTTY lxu s®tU venAPU mi vt†rMdYlenH . vabJÇak'fa eBlNax¬H@EdlbUdUycUlmk®bmUlGaNikCn yYncMnYnb"unµan@ dwknSykeTAsMNak'enA®beTsevotNam CaBiessext† Vt'dMbg manbJÇËnGaNikCnyYneTAkan'®beTsevotNamcMnYn3elIk . k∫ÁnkaNUtseN†agTUkFM@tMerobCYrtamdgsÊwgsEg˚r ®tg'PUmixi√t XMuE®Bk xÊb' . eg√øg-va"n'Tijsm¬wgmuxyayeTog®BmTSgbJÇak'eTotfa – - kaleNaHebIEm"nS®KYsarnivt†eTAkan'®beTsevotNam Em"KµanVrm∏ P&yx¬acGI√eT . tamTUktamk∫Án mancat'EcgKNkmµkarerobcMVyTwkCUn . luHdl'®beTsevotNam GgkarelImancat'EcgTIlMenA[sMNak'CalMda b'lMeday . cMENkkUn@rbs'Em" GgkarelIbJÇËn[cUleronedayesrItam Ep~k@ . luHeronecHcb' GgkarelIbJÇËn[mkkan'®beTskmı¨Cavij b"uEn†®tUv

GgkarCanrNa ?

266

E®beQµaHCaExµrTSgGs' . luHs†ab'eg√øg-va"n'TijBN·nasB√®Kb'cEm¬ky"agenH Kat'k*sYrbJÇak' fa – - kUnTij, erOgenHBit… ? . TijesIcy"agrIkrayehIyk*eqI¬yfa – - BitNas'Em" ! . yayeTogk*eqI¬yeLIgfa – - s†ayNas'@ ! xM∆¨xusGs'rlIg . b"uEn†k~¨gebHdUgKat'QWcab'≤tåb ma . Kat'nwkk~¨gcit†fa k~¨gry:4 4q~SKt' Kat'eXIjpÊal'EP~k Kat'VnTTYlTaru KkmµpÊal'x¬Án Ggkarcat'karsm¬ab'ecalP¬am@G~kecHdwg bJÔv&n† ®BHsgÙ CaCatiExµr . raÂs†ExµrNaEdlminTan'dl'evns¬ab' GgkareFI√TaruNkmµem"c @k*eday[Etdl's¬ab', raÂs†Exµresssl'enArs' Ggkarc∫ËtykGs'BI x¬Án m~ak'@sl'EtVt´dTeT .l. nig .l. EtenAeBlenH ! ehtuem"†cGg karEbrCabJÇËnbUdUymkkan'®beTskmı¨Ca ®bmUlGaNikCnyYndwknSyk eTAlak'Tuk‰®sukyYnGJçwg ? . GaNikCnyYnTSgLayenaH manLan ma nTUk mankaNUtCiHy"ag®sYl ®BmTSgmanm˙Ëb Twk sIupwky"ag®Kb'®Kan' . GJçwgerOgenHcEm¬kNas' enHCaBnW¬elcecjy"agc∫as'fa GgkarKWyYn haNUyy"agBit®Vkd . cab'tSgBI´f©enaHmk eg√øg-va"n'TijEtgEtcUlmkkan'kUnxÊmrbs'yay eTog sMusYresckI†suxTuk≈epßg@ . ´f©mYyTijsMuEtgtSgyayeTogCaKij Q¬bykkarN_ . eBlenaHyayeTogeFI√Cal©g'sYrvafa etIKijQ¬benHeK eFI√GI√eTA ? . eg√øg-va"n'TijeBjcit†eqI¬ynwgsMnYrenHNas' . vajjwm®Bm TSgBn¥l'fa – - Em"®tUvBinit¥seg˚tykkarN_ rYcp†l'Bt·man[BYkxM∆¨ . GgkarelIrb s'evotkugcg'dwgfa etI®bCaCnExµrEdlsMNak'enAvt†rMdYl PUmivt†lab etI BIedImCasIÌ@ CaBiessBYkxM∆¨cg'dwgfa nrNaeFI√karCMnan'es†csIhnu CMnan' ln'-nl' CaExµr®khm . Tijsn¥ap†l'eJt Gg˚r [yayeTog . enAeBlenaHKat'mankarVrm∏ Cax¬Sg edayx¬ÁnKat'h~wg‰gk*Camnusßm~ak'EdlGgkarkMBugEtrkmuxEdr . edIm∫Ipab'cit†yayeTog ski†3evotkugTijykkaEstyYneQµaH «jagywug » (E®bmkfa ®bCaCn) sresrCaPasayYnmk[Kat'GanCaerogral'eBl .

GgkarCanrNa ?

267

edaysarkaEstenH yayeTogVndwgfa – - rdΩaPiVl®bCamanitukmı¨CaEdlyYnhaNUy´q~®bDitbegI˚teLIg rYc cat'EtgtSgehg-sMrin (CaExµrevotmij˘˘˘ BIq~S1970dl'q~S1978 Caemb JÇakarenAkgBlelx6) CaGKelxaFikarmCŒwmbkßVMgBImuxva EtgEt®V rB√eFI√mITijd*mehaLarik GbGrsarTrxYbGnusßavrIy´_ f©TI17-4-75 . rdΩa PiVlGay"gyYnhaNUydMkl'dMekIg´f©TI17-4-75enHfa – - Ca´f©d*mhaeCaKC&y - Ca´f©mhaelatep¬aH - C&yCMnHenA´f©17-4-75 KWCa «bMNg®Vf~ad*TTUc®bkbedayesc kI†sgÙwm EdleyIgxitxMBuHJredayp†Ërp†ac' pßaCab'y"ags~iTÏsiÌtlµÁtCamYyevotNam » . - buN¥Catirbs'rdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩ®bCamanitukmı¨Ca KWbuN¥xYbG nusßavrIy´_ f©TI3-2-30 KWCa´f©kMeNItrbs'bkßkumµ¨ynis†≤NÎËcin Edlb egI˚teLIgedayhU-CImij . buN¥enHrdΩaPiVl®bCamanitukmı¨Ca®VrB√eFI√Ca erogral'q~S . - mhavifIenAk~¨grdΩFanIP~MeBj EbrCaEkE®bykeQµaHemExµrevotmijmk dak'eTAvij – - mhavifInerat†m EkeQµaHCamhavifITU-samut . - mhavifI®BHmunIvgß EkeQµaHmkCamhavifIGacar¥emon . - eKeXIjmanp¬ËvhU-CImij, p¬ËveLnIn ekIteLIge®Jg®Jt . yayeTogGankaEstrYc Kat'Gg¨ysJÇb'sJÇwgnwkeXIjeLIgvijnUv Jk¥eBcnr_ bs'elakKwm-gYn®tac EdlVnKUsedAbJÇak'fa C&yCMnH´f©TI 17-4-75 KWCaC&yCMnHrbs'GtItExµrevotmij bcç¨b∫n~lYce®bIyIehaExµr®k hm˘˘˘ minEmnC&yCMnHrbs'bkßExµr®khmExov-sMpneT . ≤LËvenHkaEstja"gywugCaPs†¨tagy"agCak'Es†g EdlbJÇak'nUvJk¥ Bitrbs'eromc∫gm~ak'enH . ❑

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enAeBlenaHs&ki†3yYnhaNUyeg√øg-va"n'TijedIrcUlmkkan'kUnxÊmrb

GgkarCanrNa ? s'yayeTogy"agelOnTSgTwkmuxjjwm .

268 TijhuckaEstExµrmYyc∫ab'

mk[yayeTog . kaEstenHmaneQµaHfa «kmı¨Ca» .

kaEstenHVnGH

GagbJÇak'®Vb'fa – 1- kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰ _ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg-g"ukmijbegI˚tenA´f©TI19-6-51enaH

k~¨geBlbn¬MeFI√CaExµr®kh

medIm∫Ibn¬MvaykMeTcExµrln'-nl'BIq~S70-75 VnEkE®beQµaHeTACa « kg km¬Sg®bdab'GavuFes~haCatikmı¨Ca » . enAk~¨grbbGgkarGnamik kgkm¬Sg enH‰gk*E®beQµaHeTACa « bkßExµr®khmnirtI » . bcç¨b∫n~enHbkßExµr®kh mnirtI k*E®beQµaHeTACa « kgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuF®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca » . 2- bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[sWg-g"ukmijbegI˚ tkalBI´f©TI28-6-51enaH k~¨grbbGgkarGnamik75-79 GgkarVncat' tSgsmaCikbkßenH[eFI√Ca®bFanshkrN_ CaKN:t tMbn' nigCatMNag raÂs† . bcç¨b∫n~enHE®beQµaHmkCa « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca » EdlyY nhaNUycat'EtgtSgehg-sMrin CaGKelxaFikarKN:k kmµaFikarmCŒwm bkß . rYcehIyyYnhaNUyVncat'EtgtSgCa-sIum, say-PUfg, hflunEsn, Ca-suTÏCaedIm [eTACasmaCik´nkariyal&yneyaVyrbs'mCŒwm bkßenH . 3- kaEstenHhflanGYtbeJçjGaf·kMVMgenAkN†alvalfa – evotNa mVn®bekoksµaCamYykmı¨Ca ( Jk¥kmı¨Cak~¨gTIenH KWvacg'sMedAeTAelIExµr evotmij ) eyIg®tUvEteb†C∆aEfrkßabMb"ncMNgmit†PaBEdlhU-CImijVndS e®CayBUnk~¨gf~alsgmniym BImYy´f©eTAmYy´f© kan'EtpßasÌitlµÁt k¬ay eTAkm¬Sgd*mhima k¬ayeTAkm¬Sgd*Gmt: . cMNgTMnak'TMng®byuTÏBiess eJreBjeTAedaysµartIGn†rCatiGFnd*´f¬f¬a GacdeNI†mVnC&yCMnHCasƒa BrenAq~S1975 . eyIgGacruj®canxµSg[fye®kayCaCMhan@ eyIgGac p†ÁlrMlMxµSgmYyEp~k@ rYcQaneLIgdeNI†mykC&yCMnHVnCabn†bnÊab' y"agFMeFg . åTahrNd _ UcCaeyIgkMeTcExµrln'-nl' eyIgTTYlC&yCMnH enA´f©TI17emsa1975 . enHKWCaCMhanTI1 . eyIgkMeTcExµrexov-sMpn eyIgTTYlC&yCMnHenA´f©TI7 mkra 1979 enHKWCaCMhanTI2 .l. esckI†GYtrbs'yYnhaNUyenHCasakßIbJÇak'fa yYnenH‰gehIyCa GgkarGnamik . cMENk‰Gay"grbs'va dUcCaehg-sMrin, Ca-sIum, say -PUfg, Ca-suTÏ, hflun-EsnCaedIm CaXatkrelIraÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg'y"agBit

GgkarCanrNa ?

269

®Vkd . kaEstj"agywugj¨Sg[eyIgeXIjeTotfa k~¨grbbGgkarGnamik yYn haNUyåbtƒm∏GtItExµrevotmij [tSgmUldΩanJseBj´®B´n®beTs Exµr EfmTSgmanbUdUyy"age®cInmWunnak'KS®T eq¬øt{kasd*lÌenHe®bIyIeha Exµr®khm rYccUlmkcab'cgraÂs†Exµrs¬Ët®tg'nSykeTAsm¬ab'ral'@´f© . 4- kaEstenHbJÇak'fa bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nE_ xµr bcç¨b∫n~E®beQµaHCa « bkß®bCaCnbdivt†nk _ mı¨Ca »˘˘˘ ehg-sMrin®tUvq¬gkat'dMNak'karBIr – - dMNak'karbdivt†n®_ bCaFibety¥nayTunEbbfIµ, bcç¨b∫n~enHehAfa – bdivt†n®_ bCaCati®bCaFibety¥®bCaCn nigdMNak'karbdivt†ns _ gmniym Par:kicçCadMbUg®tUvkMeTc®bqSgc®kBti† nigski†PUmi .l. ❑

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eg√øg-va"n'TijEtgEtnSbUdUymksMueronPasaExµrBIyayeTog . bUdUy m~ak'@mankUnesovePA «eronx¬Án‰g» mYyk∫alCab'tamx¬Án dUctaGagVnGH GagEmn . ´f©mYyeg√øg-va"n'TijbeNI†rbUdUym~ak'eQµaHTW Gayu®bEhl26q~Smk layayeTog edIm∫IeTAkan'®sukhaNUyenA´f©EsÌk . yayeTogsYrfa

ehtuy"agdUcem†cVnCaTWGaceTAhaNUyvijVn ?

yYnenaHeqI¬yBn¥l'BIlk≈&N5q~S 10q~S …Gs'rhUtmYyCIvitrbs'bUdUy Ed l®tUvkan'vin&ydUcEdltaGagVnbJÇak'®Vb'rYcmkehIy . vaeKarBvin&y Vn®twm®tUv dUec~Hvamanc∫ab'vil®tLb'eTA®sukvavijk~¨gry:eBl5q~S KWenA ´f©EsÌkenH . cMENk‰s&ki†3evotkugeg√øg-va"n'Tij vaVn®Vb'yayeTog fa

vaekItenAext†daNag . yYnhaNUybJÇËnvamkkan'®sukExµrkalBIEx

mIna1972 CamYyBYkyYnK~avaCae®cInJn'nak' . q~S1977 yYnTijF¬ak'vin&y 5q~S dUec~Hva®tUvenA®sukExµr5q~SteTAeTot rhUtdl'q~S1982 .l. ❑

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GgkarCanrNa ?

270

enAExmifunaq~S1979 enAnaykdΩansuxaPiVlext†Vt'dMbg eKmanbiT ®bkaspßayrknisßitEp~keBT¥ edIm∫IbJÇËneTAbn†viCÇaenAshPaBsUevot .yayeTogk*nSr"ada kUn®sITI2rbs'Kat'eTATIenaH edIm∫IsMucuHeQµaH . ela kfac'-ekAlI EdlCaG~kTTYlxus®tUvVnxßib®Vb'Kat'fa – - sMumIgkMucuHeQµaH[esaH e®JHkUnGtItG~krdΩkarEdlVncuHeQµaHBImu n@mkVn®tUvVt'x¬ÁnrhUt˘˘˘ eKBMudwgCayuvCn yuvnarITSgGs'enaH®tUveKnS ykeTANaeT . EtedIm∫IkMu[mankarsgß&y elakekAlIk*huc®kdas'mYy sn¬wkmk[yayeTogdUceK‰gEdr . sMnYrenAelI®kdas'mandUcteTA – - eQµaH“Buk˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘ ®sukkMeNIt˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘BIedImeFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘sB√´f©enA‰Na ≤LËveFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘s¬ab'…rs'˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘? . - eQµaHm†ay˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘®sukkMeNIt˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘BIedImeFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘sB√´f©enA‰Na ≤LËveFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘s¬ab'…rs'˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘? . - manma-mIg-bg-bÌËnenAbreTs…eT ? ebImanetIeQµaHGI˘˘˘˘ enA®beT sNa˘˘˘˘˘˘˘enA®sukExµreFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘sB√´f©eFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘? . - manmit†P&ki†…sal'G~kenAbreTs…eT ? ebImanEteQµaHGI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘enA®b eTsNa˘˘˘˘˘˘˘enA®sukExµreFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘sB√´f©eFI√GI˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘˘? . enAbnÊat'xage®kameKbgÌs' manGkßrmYyCYrsresrfa – « ebIEf¬g®Vb'minVn®twm®tUv ebk≈Cn®tUvTTYlxus®tUvpÊal'x¬Án » . ya yeTogVnGanBinit¥sMnYrd*cEm¬kenHrYc k*nSkUn®sImkxÊmvij . enAcugExmifuna yayeTogVnCYbyW-®TIviciœka kUn®busTI5rbs'Kat'vij ®KYsard*kMst'enH VnCYbCMum†aynigkUnbInak' eTIbmanBn¬Wsb∫ayrIkray bni†c . EtkarrIkrayk~¨gcit†enHminVnsiƒtenAyUrb"unµaneT . e®JHenAeBlenaH manbJÇamYyBIGgkarelI [bjÇËnviciœkaeTAeFI√E®srYm . ®tUvrkGg˚rm˙ËbnSyk eTAbriePaKx¬Án‰g . ®tUvedIredayeCIgBITI®kugVt'dMbg etAXMutamWuncm©ay 40K˘m˘ . ®bCaCnExµrTSgGs'Gs'sgÙwm edayeXIjbJ˙adEdl dUcCa bJ˙asm&yGgkar mankarFuj®Tan'k*bbYlK~acakecalTwkdIkmı¨CaCahUr Ehr . cMENkviciœka edayeKarBtambN†S“Buk[enArg'cSdMNwgBIbg@bInak' eTot k*sµ&®Kcit†ecjeTABlikmµeFI√E®srYmenH . enAeBlmYy ®sab'Etman

GgkarCanrNa ?

271

ecarmYy®kumcUlmkB&TÇcab'cg rYcb¬n'ykeKaGs'rlIg . viciœkak*®tUvGUs reTHCMnYseKa vil®tLb'mkkan'Vt'dMbgvij rg'cSTTYlbJÇaCafIµ .

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ecarb¬n'CaelIkTIBIr k~¨gExkk˚da1979 enAext†Vt'dMbgmanekItåb∫ti†ehtud*Gsçar¥ KWekIt ecarb¬n'kab'sm¬ab'y"agsahavenA®Kb'TIkEn¬g . enA´f©TI16-7-79 em"ag®bEhl6l©ac manecarmYy®kum ( dl'elIk e®kaymkeTIbdwgfa ®kumenHCaGtItExµr®khmnirtI ) kan'GavuF®Kb'´d beNI† rK~acUlmkkan'kUnxÊmrbs'yayeTog . vaE®sksm¬¨tBIcm©ayfa – - ENG~kmças'xÊm ! maneXIjecarbInak'edIrkat'TIenHeT ? . eBlenaHyayeTognigkUnbInak'eGItk∫alemIlCMuvijxÊmEdlKµanCJÇS g®sLHeFgenaH rYck*eqI¬yedayKYrsmnigy"agesµaH®tg'fa – - mineXIjeT, kµÁy@eGIy . ebImanEmnBYkGMumuxEtnwgeXIjCaminxan e®JHval®sLHeFg . ®sab'EtGaecarm~ak'b®Jçk®Kab'kSePI¬gPÇg'tMrg'mkviciœka ®BmTSgkMejIjfa – - xÊmenHlak'ecar ! xÊmenHlak'ecar ! bnÊab'mkvak*cUlmkcab'EqkeqrkUnxÊmtamGMeBIcit† Bn¥aeBlcSyb'ggi tmkdl' edIm∫IeFI√TaruNkmµelImças'xÊmTSgbInak'enH . vae®bIl∫icklecaT faCaecar rYcbeNI†rTSgcMNgecjeTA . ra"daeXIjdUec~aHk*sMuGg√recareTA CamYybÌËn . cMENkyayeTogveg√gsflug ehIyk*dYlsn¬b'Vt'sµartI eda yP&ytk's¬¨tnwgGMeBI´®B´pßenH˘˘˘. kUn®sIeBAenACamYym†ay P&yx¬SgeBkyMbeNI†rdas'm†aybeNI†r . luHKat'dwgx¬ÁneLIgvij yb'ggitNas'eTAehIy . BYkecarvil®tLb'mk b¬n'yayeTogvij . Kat'rt'eKceTABYnenAcMkardUgxageCIgxÊm . edayrk

GgkarCanrNa ?

272

Kat'mineXIj vak*E®skLËLaeLIgfa – - eXIjeT ! sfl˜u®KlMulak'ecar . ≤LËvvart'ecalxÊm ! . ®kumecarTSgenaHk*fyeTAvij rYc®saycMNgElgviciœka [vilmkkan' kUnxÊm ®BmTSgniyayTn'P¬n'sMueTasfa BYkvacab'®cLM . cMENkyayeTo g k*rt'eTAb†wg®kukrkßasni†suxsiƒtenAk~¨gvt†rMdYl manbUdUynigQ¬bCati ExµrEdlCaGtItExµr®khmnirtITSgGs' . ®kumenHeFI√esaHGegIyCitmYy em"ag eTIbeFI√CanSK~art'eq√cq√acmkkan'kUnxÊmrbs'yayeTog . vaPreday sMdIlYgelamfa – - sMuGMukMuP&yVrm∏GI BYk®kumxM∆¨cat'karyaml∫atkarJrGMuehIy . rYcehIyvak*edIrecjeTAvijVt'Gs' . eXIjGakb∫kiriyaBYkvadUec~H ya yeTogKµanTukcit†BYkvaTal'EtesaH . Kat'xMkitriHrkkEn¬gedIm∫IeKcBYnBIBY kh~wg . esckI†x√l'x√aykan'EtEfm®tYteLIg@ edaymindwgCaeKceTANa NamYyeP¬øgk*cab'F¬ak'eCaKCS NamYyviciœkak*E®skf©ËrdUc®Jbedaycuk eJHy"agx¬Sg . eNI˙y ! ®TStamyfakmµeTAcuH !˘˘˘˘ Emn ! karsgß&yrbs'yayeTogKµanxus‰Na . enAem"ag12Ga®Fat ®kumecardEdlk*mkdl'lµm . vamanK~a7nak' kan'ExßbYncg√ayenA´drYcCa e®sc . ®kumecarcab'cgGgranigviciœka ehIyyk®kmajat'mat'G~kTSgBIr . GaecarCaGtItExµr®khmnirtIcab'yayeTogcgGUsnScUlbgn' vayeFI√Vb kMejIjrkmaseB®CTal'EtVn . yayeTog[kJçb'mYyeTAva EdlenAk~¨g enaHman – - Exß´dmasTwkdb'mYydMLwg - ExßkV¬TIn3Exß - cieJçønmYyvg' mant∫ËgeB®CTMhM3lIcMnYn13®Kab' - nigcieJçønmYyvg' mant∫Ëgb´b"linTMhM6lIcMnYn5®Kab' . b"uNˆwgehIyvaminTan'eBjcit†enAeLIyeT vaKMramsML¨trkEfmeTot . ®sab'Etæsem¬gE®skenAk~¨gcMkarxageCIgxÊmfa – - CYypg ! CYypg ! ecarb¬n' ! ædUec~aHGaemecarGtItExµr®khmnirtIk*bÂJçk®Kab'kSePI¬gt®mg'mat'E®tmkrk yayeTogedIm∫InwgVj'sm¬ab'bMVt'Ps†¨tag

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GgkarCanrNa ?

273

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dUcCakV"l'mYyEdlebIkbredaysar

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GgkarCanrNa ?

274

vanSK~aebIkbreTAkan'TisedAEtdEdl . nagk*sMuGg√rm†ayedIm∫InSK~acakec jBI®sukExµr . yayeTogKSgmat'rkniyayfaeTA…eTminekIt . e®JHeKalbMNg ®sav®Cavrbs'Kat'minTan'Vncb'cugcb'edImtambMNgenAeLIy . minyUrb"unµan ®sab'EtmanbJÇaBIGgkarelImkeTot bg≈M[viciœkaecjeFI√ BlikmµrYm edIm∫Ikab'Kas'dIPÇÁrnwgcb CMnYseKa®kbIEdlx√H . TIbMputyay eTogk*sMercbJÇËnra"da ( yayeTognigra"daEbkK~arhUttSgBIeBlenaHmk ) nigviciœkapßge®BgePosx¬ÁneTA®beTs´f . enAeBlEbkK~aCaelIkTI2enH Em"kUn@Twg®TUgesIÊre®bHKSgmat' KµanJ k¥niyay eBlenaHmanEtTwkEP~keTEdlCasakßIbg˙ajfakMst' QWcab' ex¬acpßa nigek†A®khayNas' . cMENkyayeTogrkßaeKalbMNgmut dEdl KWCIvitcuge®kayrbs'Kat' Kat'®tUvEteFI√Blikmµ xM®sav®Cavrk[eXI jGMBIlk≈N:B Bit´nmhn†rayenAkmı¨Casm¥H

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GgkarCanrNa ?

275

Xatkr®kumTI1 ®tUvs¬ab'´tehagGs'CagBIrmWun (20,000) nak' . m"¥ageTo tGgkarKitEtBIbMp¬aj dUec~H®beTsExµr®tUvvinashinehac k~¨geBlEdl GgkarmanC&yCMnH ehIyEdlyYnhaNUyvakJœk'Vny"aggay KµancMNayGI√TSgGs'BIC&yCMnHenH . Kat'nwkeXIjdl'ExµreyIgx¬HEdl®tLb' CaGrKuNyYn rhUtdl'eP¬ckarJrTwkdI sgÙwmjjwm[yYnhaNUymk karJrCMnYs luH®taEtvinashinehac TSg®bCaCn TSg®TB¥sm∫ti†Gs' rlIgBInKr . revIrvaymkdl'®twmh~wg yayeTogE®sk®TehayMdUcmnusß qÁt . EtGarmµNe_ nAEtcgcSCanicç Kat'EtgEtelIk´dbn'®sn'vtƒ¨s&ki†siTiÏ pgTSgBYg ®BmTSgviJÔaNk≈nÏExµrTSgbIlannak' EdlTTYlTaruNkmµrhU tdl'Vt'bg'CIvit [mkCYyENnSbMP¬Wkar®sav®Cavrbs'Kat' edIm∫I[Vndw gc∫as'BIåVyklrbs'yYnhaNUy EdlvatTIykTwkdI®beTsCitxag Vnedaygay@y"agenH ? Kat'cg'dwgedaypÊal'fa etIyYnhanUynwge®bI kll∫icy"agNaeTAeTot edIm∫Ikan'kab'®tYt®ta®sukExµr[Vn®sbc∫ab' minxusc∫ab'Gn†rCati ? . q~Ssikßa1979-80 yayeTognSkUn®sIGgraeTAcuHeQµaHcUleronenA viT¥al&ys√ayeV" . Kat'rnÏt'cit†≤tåbmaedayeXIjsaÂs†acar¥ nigsisßGg¨ysikßapÊal'dI . saÂs†acar¥Bit®Vkd x¬HEdllak'x¬ÁnenArs' k* sµ&®Kcit†cUlmkCYybe®gon eTaHman®Vk'ExCaGg˚rkMb"ugGMbilkMb"ugk*eday enAk~¨gkmµviFIsikßa eKeXIjmankarbJçËl®bvti†saÂs†d*cEm¬k@ eday bg≈MkUnsisßExµr[dwgKuNyYn BIe®JHyYncUlmk «CYy» ExµrGs'cMnYn3 elIkrYcmkehIy ?!?! . yYnbJçËl®bvti†saÂs†Gacar¥emon[kUnExµrTTYl sal'favir:bursExµrTI1 EdlVneFI√BlikmµrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨CaBInwmVrSg .l. kmµviFI®bvti†saÂs†ExµrrebobenH vapʨynwgcMeNHdwgrbs'saÂs†acar¥ nigkarBitTSg®sug . dUec~HehIysaÂs†acar¥Edlsal'kll∫icyYnCa evotmijkI† CaevotkugkI† minTTYlsal'kmµviFIenHeT . saÂs†acar¥Exµrdwgc∫a s'faGacar¥emonCayYnbn¬MbYseronenA®sukExµrCacarburs[yYnhaNUy . sa®s†acar¥Exµrdwgfa KWbN†amkBIGacar¥emonenH‰gehIyEdleFI√[ExµrEb kVk'K~a

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GgkarCanrNa ?

276

sMrb…bnÊabx¬Ántam®Bwti†karNn _ anarbs'®beTsExµr rYceTIbEk´q~bEg√gdan m†gbni†c@ j¨Sg[®beTsExµrrlayTSgBUC rlayTSg®bvti†saÂs†˘˘˘ saÂs†acar¥TSgenaHGs'sgÙwmk*xßwbbbYlK~a cakecjecal®beTs ExµrCahUrEhr ePosx¬ÁneTAkan'®beTs´f . cMENk‰yYnhaNUy kalebIvadwgfa ExµrG~kecHdwgrt'ecalTwkdITuk [vay"agenH vae®tkGrCa´®kElg . vaEtgEt´llkykcMeNjBIelIExµr CanicçCakal . yayeTogq©l'Nas' edayeXIjsaÂs†acar¥nigkUnsisßExµrGg¨y eronpÊal'dI . TIbMputeTIbKat'nwkeXIjnUvJk¥mYyX¬aEdlyYnhaNUy eg√øg-va"n'TijVnBn¥l'BYkKat'kalBI´f©28-2-48 EdleqI¬ynwgsMnYrrb s'yYneGogfa – « eBlNaeyIg (KWyYn) Vnkan'kab'nKrExµr ®TB¥sm∫ti†enAnKrExµr TukdUcCarbs'eyIgTSgGs' » . b"uEn†cemI¬yrbs'taTijkaleNaH nigkicç karGnuvt†nr_ bs'yYnhaNUyk~¨gbcç¨b∫n~enH vaEkT®mg'bni†c vaEk´q~bEg√g dan˘˘ emIlcuH ! ®TB¥sm∫ti†k~¨gmYynKrkmı¨Ca ®tUvGgkarKµanrUbKµanrag®bmU ldwknSecjGs'rlIg eTIbyYnhaNUycUlmklukluyratt∫at®beTsk mı¨Ca . dUec~Hs®tUvsYrBUCrbs'Exµr vaecHe®bIkll∫icy"agxUcGsçar¥ vab¬n'®TB¥ sm∫ti†rbs'ExµrVny"agsÌat rkdanswgmineXIj .

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k~¨gExviciœka1979, em"ag®bEhl3resol manbUdUymYy®kumK~a10 nak’ beNI†rK~acUlkan’kUnxÊmrbs’yayeTog

.

enAeBlenaH®sab’Etman

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GgkarCanrNa ?

277

kalBIedImKat’F¬ab’manmuxgarnig®TB¥sm∫ti†d*s†¨ks†m∏ ®bkbedaycit†sb∫¨rs EtgEtCYyTuk≈Fur:G~k®kxßt’ Kat’minecH®bkan’BUCsasn_ . ®KYsar rbs’xM∆¨EtgEtsMuBwgmIgeTog dUcCasMuxIçluyeFI√edImTun rksIulk’®tI nigsMu BwgeFI√lixitepßg@sMrab’®KYsar nigsMrab’x¬Ánrbs’xM∆¨pÊal’edIm∫IeronsU®t . yYnenHbn†eTotfa – - kalBIq~S1970 xM∆¨GayuVn20q~S eronenAf~ak’TIbJçb’´nviT¥al&y®BH munIvgß . manVtukmµmYyEdleKfakUnsisßExµrCaG~kbegI˚t . BYkVtukr vayyYn . kaleNaH“BukxM∆¨P&yNas’ e®JHKat’CayYnhaNUy nigCa carbursrbs’evotmij ( kaleNaHyayeTogminVndwgTal’EtesaHfa ®KYsaryYnenHCacarCnrbs’evotmijeLIy ) Kat’k*nS®KYsarrt’mk®CkBYn k~¨g®sHeKakmYyenAxage®kaypÊHmIgeTogenH . BYkeyIgVnmIgeTogcat’ Ecgpt’pg’VyTwkm˙ËbcMNIy”ag®Kb’®Kan’ . rYcBIh~wgmkeTot “BukxM∆¨sMu BwgmIgeTogCYyeFI√Gn†raKmnC _ amYytMNagyYnenAext†Vt’dMbg edIm∫IsMueFI√ matuPUminivt†ne_ TAkan’®beTsevotNamvij . edaysarkarCYyx~HEx~gBImIg eTog ®KYsarrbs’xM∆¨VneTArs’enAext†cUdukrhUtmk . dUec~HxM∆¨eKarBnig®s Laj’mIgeTogdUcm†ayxM∆¨begI˚t . kMBugEt®sLSgkSgq©l’fa ehtuGIk*yYnbUdUyenHsal’Kat’c∫as’em"¬H, ehtuem"ck*vaniyayExµrc∫as'em"¬H ? vak*EbrmksYrKat'fa – - mIg ! etImIgsal'xM∆¨eT ? xM∆¨eQµaHvij-Kimelog CakUnTImYyrbs'vij va"n'Lag nigyayeL-FIj"ag . eBlenaHvak*hucsMbu®tmYy[yayeTog ®BmTSgniyayfa – - enHCasMbu®trbs'“Bukm†ayxM∆¨EdlepI∆mkxM∆¨BIcUdukmk . yayeTog TTYlsMbu®tmkGan – - taLagsresrmk®Vb'elog cUrkUnxM®sav®Cavrk®KYsaryayeTog Na± BIe®JHmIgeTogmanåbkarKuNd*xıg'xıs'bMputdl'®KYsarvij˘˘˘ eBlenaHyayeTogk*elat{belog rYccab'epI†msYrsuTTuk≈eTAvijeTA mky"age®cIn . KWedaysarkarsnÊnaenH yayeTotGacdwgfa BIq~S1970 eTA1971 GaNikCnCatiyYneFI√matuPUminivt†ne_ TA®sukyYn mancMnYnTSgGs'mYyEsn (100,000) nak' . eq¬øt{kasenaH evotkugsMrSge®CIserIs yuvCnyYn ecHPasanigGkßrExµry"age®CA®CHc∫as'las' dwknSykeTAkan' EdndIrMedaH rYcvabJçËl[cUlsalaeyaFa . eBlenaHmanyuvCnGaNik-

GgkarCanrNa ?

278

CnyYnCae®cInJn'nak'sµ&®Kcit†bMerIevotkug . e®JHevotkugsn¥afa eBl Nahat'h√wkh√WnecHcb' vabMJk'[eLIgCas&ki†mYy b"uEn†®tUvdak'eQµaHCa ExµrTSgGs' . vij-Kwmelogk*®tUvdUreQµaHmkmit†L¨cvij . bnÊab'BIVnJ k's&ki†mYyehIy yYnhaNUyk*bJÇËnyuvCnyYnTSgenaH [mkvayExµrln'-nl' . yuvCnTSgenaHeFI√edaysµ&®Kcit† e®JHva®tUvcMbMNulsgswk Ed lkalenACMnan'rdΩaPiVlsaFarNrdΩ ln'-nl'VnekNÎkUnsisß[eFI√ VtukmµvayGaNikCnyYnEdlCaEm"“va . mit†L¨cbJÇak'fa enAcugq~S1973 yYnhaNUybJÇËnExµrEk¬gk¬ayrebobenHmancMnYnbIJn'nak' cUlkan' ext†mNÎlKIrI siƒtenAk~¨g´®Be®CA@ rYccat'bJÇËn[eFI√emkan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr ®khmCalMdab'lMeday . VnesckI†famkCMnYsbUdUy kMeTcExµrln'-nl' teTAeTot . yayeTogniyayeTAkan'elogfa – - xM∆¨dwgfa k~¨gq~S1973 bUdUysMulaExµr®khmvil®tLb'eTAevotNam vijehIyetI . elog®KvIk∫alehIyeqI¬yeLIgfa – - mIgeGIy ! enHCakll∫icrbs'evotkugeTetI . vadwgcMNucexßay rbs'®kumxM∆¨ duHcit†KMnitsgswkcMeJHExµr . vak*bMJk's&ki†mYy[ rYcj¨Hjg' beJÇar®kumxM∆¨eFI√CaExµr edIm∫IbMP&n†mtieyaFaExµr®khml©g'@ rYcbJÇa[®kumxM∆¨ dwknSeyaFaExµr®khm®sLaj'sem†c“kMeTcExµrln'-nl'CMnYsva . elo gbn†eTotfa – - manbUdUymYyPaKtUceKarBvin&yVny"ag®twm®tUvtamlk≈N: eTIb Vnvil®tLb'eTAkan'®beTsevotNam . cMENkbUdUyEdlminTan'VnbM eBjkrNiykicçtamlk≈&N enAmancMnYn170,000nak'eTot EdlsB√´f©va ®Kan'EtfyeTABYnlak'x¬Án edksIusMrakk~¨g´®Be®CA@ …tambeN†ay®BWEdn Exµr-yYn-lav . vae®tomx¬ÁnCanicçnigecjbJÇa . elogbn† – - erOgmYyeTotEdlCaerOgsm©at'KWmanp¬Ëvsm©at'mYysMrab'cUlmk®beTsExµrVny"agelOnTan'cit†kat'tam®beTslavnig®beTs´f tamrUgP~M dgErk . ebImanCnCatiExµrCabUdUy sal'mUldΩanenH

ehIymanGayu36

q~S vasm¬ab'ecalP¬am edaymineF√s®bEhs[EbkkarNv_ aeLIy .l. elogbn†eTAeTotfa – - cMENk®kumxM∆¨k*®tUvcaj'eVkevotkugy"agF©n' KW®tUveFI√CaExµr rYcdwknS eyaFaExµr®khmbn†sÂgamCMnYsva . ≤LËvBYkxM∆¨®tUvs¬ab'swgTSgGs' TMrS

GgkarCanrNa ?

279

dwgx¬Ánfacaj'eVkva yWteBlNas'eTAehIy . mIgemIlcuH s&ki†Jk'elI sµaVnEtF©n' sB√´f©sIuVyval'EckCamYyEtpIÊr …®tkYnes©arbg'GMbil . vin&ytwgNas'erIx¬ÁnminrYc . sB√´f©xM∆¨kan'k†ab'mUldΩansm©at'mYyenA´b"lin manEts√aCamit† .l. nig .l. eBlenaH elog{bsMulayayeTog®Bm TSg®Vb'fa – - xM∆¨mankare®cInCMrabmIg EsÌkenHxM∆¨lYcmkCYbmIgEtm~ak'‰g˘˘˘. eBlelogecjputeTA yayeTogGg¨yjjwme®tkGrCa´®kElg . Kat'sgÙwmfa eKalbMNgrbs'Kat'muxCamanBnW¬x¬H@Caminxan . EsÌkeLI geBl®Blwm Kat'erobcMVyTwkcSTTYlelog . em"ag10elogmkdl'lµ m . eBlVyTl'muxK~aenH elogGFib∫ayEvkEjknUvkll∫icyYnhaNUy EdlerobcMelbTwkdIkmı¨Ca manlMnSdUcK~anwgGtƒaFib∫ayrbs'taGa gEdr . yayeTogk*sYreTAelogfa – - etIGtItExµrevotmijmane®cIn…tic ? - mancMnYn®bEhl2mWunnak' EdlmanemdwknSCayYnlYcbn¬MeFI√Exµr ehIyTSgGs'K~ae®bIyIehaExµr®khm dUcman®kumxM∆¨CaåTahrN_ . - etIExµr®khmTSgenaHdwg…eTfa manbUdUyy"age®cIne®tomx¬ÁnenAJ seBj´®B´n®beTsExµr ? . - erOgbUdUysMNak'enAJseBj´®B´n®beTsExµrenaH KWCaerOg®tUvr"Uv K~aeTetI ! BIe®JHExµr®khmnin~akaryYneFI√kartamyYnTSgGs' elIkElgEt Exµr®khmEdl®sLaj'sem†c“cMnYn4mWunnak'ecj EdlGgkarlak'min[ dwgCadac'xat .

®Kb'eBl ®kumGtItExµrevotmij man®kumxM∆¨CaedIm ®tUveTA

TTYlbJÇakarBIyYnhaNUy eKniyayfa®tUveTAeronsU®tenAGgkarelI . dUec~HeyaFaExµr®khmTSgGs'enaHmindwgfaecAh√ayrbs'x¬ÁnCaxM∆¨kJÇHyYn haNUyeLIy . erOgenH®tUvlak'[Cit åTahrNd _ UcCaxM∆¨eBlenH ®tUvka n'k†ab'eyaFa300nak' eK[xM∆¨pwkTwksm∫f xM∆¨®tUvlak'karN[ _ Cit xM∆¨®tUvPr ®Vb'eyaFaTSgenaHfa xM∆¨CaExµreQµaHmit†L¨c . yayeTogsm¬wgmuxelogmYysnʨH rYck*sYrfa – - etIbkßExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpn y"agem"ceTAvij ? elogQb'®Twgy"agyUrrebobnwkeTIbeqI¬yfa – - ®kumenHdUcCaKµanbeJçjskmµPaBGI√sMxan'eT . eKxßibexßøvrebob eBb®Cayfa CabkßExµr®khmbJÔv&n† . e®JHmit†TSgenaHPaKe®cInCaG~kecH

GgkarCanrNa ?

280

dwge®CA®CH . Ggkar®tUvEtelIkdMekIgbkßExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpn beJÇare®bImYyry:sin GgkarelIkTwkcit† rYcj¨Hjg'BIe®kayx~g bJÇaeyaFa Exµr®khm[mankm¬SgkMeTcExµrln'-nl' TukeBl[yYnsMraksin . cMENk‰emdwknSExµr®khmEdlCabJÔv&n† mankareF√s®bEhsedayeXIj maneyaFa®sLaj'sem†c“TSgbYnmWunnak'erobcMVn®twm®tUv s√ahab' k¬ahan k*manesckI†sgÙwmfa eBlNaExµr®khmdeN†ImVnC&yCMnHBIExµr ln'-nl' eyaFaTSgenaHGackarJr®beTsCatiVny"aggay . luHdl'´f© 17-4-75 Exµr®khmTTYl «C&yCMnH» d*FMeFg ®sab'EtembJÇakarCaGg karGnamikeTAvij . enAeBlenaH GgkarecjbJÇaCadac'Nat' hamdl' eyaFaExµr®khmTSg4mWunnak'enaH ®BmTSg®kumxM∆¨CayYnbn¬MeFI√CaExµr min[ CYb®bCaCnfIµeLIy . Ggkar®Vb'fa ®tUvsMrakykkm¬SgeTAvayyYn edIm∫I « rMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam » . luH®bmUleyaFaTukmYyGenI¬ GgkarbeJçj XatkrGaf·kMVMgy"age®cInelIslb'

mkB&TÏVj'sm¬ab'bkßExµr®khm

nin~akarExµrCae®cInelIke®cInsar eXIjEtexµacedks¬ab'enAJseBj ´®B . yayeTogsYrfa – - etIbkßExµr®khmrbs'exov-sMpnKµaneyaFakarJreT… ? - mit†TSgenaHmaneyaFakarJrtam®kum@Edr b"uEn†Ggkarcat'karsm¬ab' y"ags©at'bMput minbeN†ay[errx¬ÁnTan'eLIy sUm∫IEtxM∆¨k*xM∆¨mindwgehtu plTal'EtesaH . manerOgcEm¬kmYyEdlxM∆¨VneXIjpÊal'EP~kBIkarkab' sm¬ab'enH – enAcugq~S1973 evotkugkMBuge®bIkll∫icsMulaExµr®khmfy ecjeTAsMrak rYc´q~sÂgamk~¨g®beTsExµr[eTACasÂgamrvagExµrnigExµr . enAeBlenaHyYnhaNUybJÇËnExµrmYy®kumcMnYn3Jn'nak' mkBIhaNUy x¬HmkBIeb"kSgx¬H mkbn†sÂgamCMnYsva . yYnhaNUybJÇa[®kumExµreTIb mkdl'enH dwknSeyaFaExµr®khmkMeTcExµrln'-nl' . ®kumenHtva"®bqSg Cadac'xatfa – erOgExµrsMuTuk[ExµredaH®say KWExµrsMusMruHsMrYledaykar crca min®tUvbg˙ËrQamrvagExµrnigExµreLIy . yYnhaNUyP∆ak'edayeXIj®kumenHk∫alrwg minelattamExßjak'rb s'va hflan®bqSgnwgbJÇarbs'va va®tUvTal'®ck . vak*p¬as'EpnkarNP _ ¬am . e®JHyYnhaNUymanTIGag KWman®kumbI†®bBnÏb"ul-BtCaemdwknS nigman ®kumExµrCae®cInJn'nak'CaCatiyYnEdlecHsresr Gan PasaExµrdUcExµr ®ku mxM∆¨GacbnM¬eFI√CaExµrKµaneyaFaNaGacsal'fa®kumxM∆¨CayYneT .

cMENk‰

GgkarCanrNa ?

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ExµrEdleTIbnwgmkBIeb"kSgnighaNUyenaH niyayPasaExµrBiVks†ab' xM∆¨s†ab'swgminVn . mUlehtuenHyYnhaNUyk*Bie®KaHCamYyb"ul-BtpÊa l' . ®sab'Etb"ul-BtecjbJÇa[sU-Pwm CaXatkr´ds†Srbs'va [dwknS XatkrGaf·kMVMgmYy®kumedIrtamB&TÏVj'®kumExµr®khm EdlmkBIeb"kSg nighaNUyenaH sm¬ab'ecalswgGs'rlIg . mIgdwgeT enAkmı¨CakN†al q~S1954 evotmijnSkUnExµreTAhaNUycMnYn1Jn'nak' . ≤LËvenHenAsl' Et55nak'Etb"ueNˆaH enAeFI√kark~¨gv®kbx&NÎCasmaCikbkß®bCaCnbdivt†n_ Exµr ( KWGtItExµrevotmij ) . cMENksU-Pwm e®kayBIcat'karsm¬ab'ExµrmkBIeb"kSgnighaNUyrYc ehIy k*®tUvGgkarbJÇa[eKsm¬ab'ecal edIm∫IbMVt'Ps†¨tag . yayeTog s†ab'mkdl'®twmh~wg Kat'f©Ërfa – - {eTvtaeGIy ! yYnhaNUysni~dΩanCIvitraÂs†ExµrdUcst√kN†¨rkU´b sMrab'sakl∫gl∫icklrbs'va edIm∫IvatTIelbTwkdIExµr . ebIeXIjExµr NasIueCar dUcCaehg-sMrin, Ca-swum, hflun-Esn CaedIm˘˘˘ vaTuke®bIsin ebIeXIjExµrNae®bIkarElgekItehIy vasm¬ab'ecalP¬am . dUcCaenAk~¨g bcç¨b∫n~rbbrbs'ehg-sMrinGJçwg ebIeXIjfaExµrGay"ge®bIkarElgekIt …k*edIrp¬ËvxusBIExßjak'rbs'cit†va ExµrtSgenaH®tUvVt'x¬ÁnP¬am manecAh√ay ext†esomrab nigecAh√ayext†Vt'dMbg Lay-sam"un CaedIm . - GJçwgEmnehIy mIg ! - em"cVnCakµÁyGacmkdl'TI®kugVt'dMbg ? elogniyaybn†eLIgfa – - enAk~¨gExtulaq~S1978, GgkarbMEbkeyaFaecjBIxM∆¨ edIm∫I®bmUlbJÇË neTA «vayyYnrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam» . cMENkxM∆¨ GgkarbMJk's&ki†bI rYc bJÇËnxM∆¨mkkan'ext†´b"lin cat'EtgtSgxM∆¨CaembJÇakarelI®kumeyaFaExµr®k hm sµ&®Kcit†kMeTcs&ki†PUminigc®kBti†vij . k~¨gExmkra1979 xM∆¨k*VnCYb eyaFaTSgenaH eTIbxM∆¨dwgfaeyaFaExµr®khmEdl®sLaj'sem†c“ Edl sµ&®Kcit†eTA « rMedaHTwkdIkmı¨Cae®kam » enaH EbrCaedIrcUlGnÊak'Exße®tom rbs'bUdUy ®tUvbUdUysm¬ab'ecalexÊcenAcugExF~Ëq~S1978 . s†ab'mkdl' ®twmh~wg yayeTogsm¬wgmuxelogmYysnʨHeTIbniyayfa – - GJçwgkµÁyelogCaemExµr®khmeTetI ! elogjjwmGEgÌlx~gyayeTogehIyeqI¬yfa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

282

- VTmIg ! xM∆¨CaemExµr®khmEmn . BIq~S1973dl'1978 xM∆¨CaemeyaFa Exµr®khm®sLaj'sem†c“ sµ&®Kcit†kMeTcExµrln'-nl' . ≤LËvenHxM∆¨Caem kan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmsµ&®Kcit†kMeTcski†PUminigc®kBti†vijenAext†´b"lin e®kambJÇakarrbs'lµ¨t EdlE®beQµaHBIb"ul-Bt . xM∆¨ekItCm©W®Kuncaj'QW Cits¬ab' eTIbbUdUydwkxM∆¨mkedkeBT¥enAVt'dMbgenH . yayeTogs†ab'dl'®twmh~wg Kat'mankarQWcab'swgKSgebHdUg ehIynwkk~¨gcit†fa yYnhaNUyecHe®bIkll∫icedaybMEbkExµrCa®kum@ rYc j¨Hjg'[hk'elatsm¬ab'EtCatirbs'‰g . eBlenaHyayeTogrksYrsMnYrteTAeTotElgeXIj, elogGEgÌlx~g yayeTog®BmTSgniyayfa – - xM∆¨KµanTukcit†yYnhaNUyeT, xM∆¨mkCYbmIgKWcg'sYrdMNwgBIp¬Ëv edIm∫I rt'eTAkan'®beTs´f . yayeTogsÊak'esIÊrmYysnʨH eTIbeqI¬yy"agxI¬fa – - mIgKµanbMNgrt'ecal®sukeT dUec~HmIgminsal' mindwgTal'EtesaH - sUmmIgTukcit†xM∆¨cuH BitEmnEtxM∆¨CakUnyYn b"uEn†tSgBIekItmk xM∆¨rs'enA EtCamYyExµr eronsU®tEtCamYy®KUExµr BYkm"akrbs'xM∆¨k*CaExµr xM∆¨sal'c∫as' nUvsb∫¨rsFm· sIlFm· suPaBs¬ËtbUt nigPaBs~iTÏs~al´nbgbÌËnExµr dUc mIgCaKMrU . xM∆¨s†ay®beTsExµrrksIuedayesrI CaBiessEdndITUlMTUlay . enAeBlxM∆¨minTan'cakecjBI®beTsExµr xM∆¨mindwgminsal't´m¬enHeT . EtenAeBlEdlxM∆¨eTAdl'®beTsyYn eTIbxM∆¨P¬ak' e®JH®sukyYn – TI1- EdndIEsncegÌøt TI2- Ep~kneyaVyEsn®kLic®kL¨ceVk®Vs' ´q~®bDitEtsÂgam edIm∫Iratt∫at®beTsCitxag . va´q~®bDityuvCnyYn[bn¬MeFI√CaExµr rYcruj ®can[cUlmksm¬ab'bMputBUCExµr . s†ayeGIyEsns†ay ! b"uEn†yWteBl eTAehIy ! eNI˙ycuH ! sµ&®Kcit†eFI√CaExµr dak'eQµaHExµrbn¬MeFI√CaemeyaFaExµr ®khmnwgeKcuH edIm∫I[Vnvil®tLb'mkkan'®beTsExµrvij . luHcuHCaem eyaFarYcehIy x¬ÁnxM∆¨dUcCa®tIEdlCab'Cuc BIe®JHvin&ytwgEtgNas' erIx¬Án minrYceT . s&ki†Jk'elIsµa®Kan'Et[F©n'eT . k~¨gry:eBlcMnYn7q~S xM∆¨j¨SVyrYm val'EckCamYyEtpÊIr …®tkYnes©arbg'GMbil enAk~¨g´®B minVndwgfa ®TB¥ sm∫ti†k~¨g®beTsExµr®tUvvinashinehacdl'f~ak'h~wgeT . KWenAeBlEdl

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xM∆¨QW®Kuncaj'Cits¬ab' eTIbbUdUydwkmkedkB¥aVlenAmnIÊreBT¥FMVt'dMbg . luHVnCa®Kan'ebI xM∆¨k*edIremIlTI®kugVt'dMbg . xM∆¨P∆ak's¬¨tcit†m†geTo t edayeXIjVt'dMbgVnk¬ayeTACa «TI®kugexµac» eTAehIy . dUec~HxM∆¨sM erccit†edIrrkmIg . eBlmkCYbnwgeXIjsƒanPaBrs'enArbs'mIg xM∆¨rnÏt's¬¨ tcit†d*Gsçar¥ swgmineCOEP~kEdlVneXIj ! minKYrmIgF¬ak'x¬Án®krham dl'f~ak'h~wgesaH ! minKYr®Jt'®Vs'®KYsarGs'rlIgminTMngy"agh~wgeT ! dUec~HsUmmIgsMerccit†ePosx¬ÁneTAkan'®beTs´fCamYyxM∆¨eTA . eBlenaHyayeTogmineqI¬ynwgsMeNIrrbs'elogfa y"agem"ceT . Kat'EbrCasYrelogfa – - ehtuem"cBImßilmijhammIgmin[niyayPasayYn ? - erOgenHGaf·kMVMgNas' xM∆¨x¬acbUdUyEdlmkCamYyxM∆¨sgß&yfamIg CayYn e®JHmanc∫ab'Casm©at'bMputfa – « ®tUvEtsm¬ab'GaNikCnyYn Ed leKcmin®BmeTAtamevotkugBIq~S1975ecalTSgGs' » . yayeTog®s´mnwkeXIjKYr[P&yjak'sac'˘˘˘ yIeGI ! ehtuGIVnCa eTA®Vb'bUdUymun@ fax¬Án‰gCayYnGJçwg ? yayeTogsYrelogeTotfa – - nrNadwknSExµr®khmnirtI ? - KWyYnCaemdwknS . ®kumenHecjmkBI®bPBkgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdi vt†n‰ _ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca EdlhU-CImijbJÇa[eg√øg-yuSgemogbegI˚tenA´f© TI19-6-1951 rYccat'EtgtSgTU-samutCaembJÇakar . enAq~S1963 TUsamut®tUveKsm¬ab' hU-CImijbJÇa[pam-va"n'Vcat'EtgtSgb"ul-Bty"ag s©at' eLIgCMnYsCaembJÇakarvij . BIq~S1970dl'q~S1975 kgkm¬SgenH rYbrYmkm¬SgCamYybUdUy vaykMeTcExµrln'-nl' E®beQµaHCakgkm¬Sg®bda b'GavuFbdivt†ne_ s~haCatikmı¨Ca EdlmanbflU-fgCaembJÇakar . elogbJÇa k'fa k~¨gry:3q~S Ggkarjak'EtExßExµr®khmEdlCaGtItecar elatsm¬ab' Exµrvk'vInS[G~kEdlesssl'enArs'Vk's∫atQb'hflankMerIk . enAcugq~S 1977 eTIbGgkarbJÇËnkgkm¬Sg®bdab'GavuFbdivt†n‰ _ kPaBrbs'kmı¨Ca[ ecjmklukluy®beTsExµrvij edaydak'eQµaHfaCa®kumExµr®khmnirtI . ❑

❑ ❑

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etI®kumExµr®khmnirtI®tUveFIG √ x √I H¬ ? Parkicç®kumenHKW®tUvsm¬ab'Exµr®khm EdlekItmkBIecarEdlGgkarca t'EtgtSgCaQ¬bnigKNkmµkarkg . ®kumenHmanParkicçCaBiessm"¥ag eTot KW®tUvdak'f~SbMBulk~¨g « nMbJç¨kTwksm¬Exµr » edIm∫Ism¬ab'bMputBUCExµr CacugbegI˙y . EtCa´cdn¥ vaykkarNd _ wgfa elaksWn-sankMBugTak'Tg®beTs Gg'eK¬snig´f edIm∫IerobcMbegI˚trN:sirßmYyeQµaHrNsirßCatirMedaH®bCaBlrdΩExµr ( r˘C˘r˘b˘x ) . yYnhaNUydwgfa ebIrN:sirßenHekIteLIgVnCasƒaBr kgT&Bnwg GacrMedaHTwkdIkmı¨CaVny"aggay . ehtuenHyYnhaNUyk*p¬as'Epnkar P¬am edaybMVt'eQµaHGgkar ehIybeJçjbUdUysµ&®Kcit†BI´®B[Tan'eBl evlarYcE®skekÌgkÌagfa bUdUysµ&®Kcit†bUCasac'QammkkMcat'Exµr®khm edIm∫ICYyExµr . edIm∫IbMP&n†mtiBiPBelak, mtiGn†rCatinigmtiraÂs†ExµrTUeTA yYnhaNU yk*bJÇËnb"ul-Bt EdlCacarkicçBiessrbs'va [eTAsMrakenAeb"kSgeFI√ CaG~kcaj'eFI√®BegIy . vaelIkbn†¨b®kumehg-sMrin, hflun-Esn, Ca-swum eFI√CaG~kQ~H . karBitb"ul-BtkI†, ®kumehg-sMrinkI† CaGay"ghaNUydUc EtK~a . emIlcuH ! tSgBIq~S1970dl'q~S1978 TSgGs'K~aenHrYm´dCamYybUdUysm¬ab'ExµrCamças'TwkdIkmı¨CaBit@d*s¬Ët®tg'vIvk' . kaleNaHehg-sMrin mangarCavr:esniy‰kdwknSkgBlFMelx6enAPUmiPaKbUJ· . luHVns†ab'Jk¥eBcnr_ bs'h√ij-KimelogEdlCakUnh√ij-va"n'LSg carCnrbs'yYnhaNUy®bcSext†Vt'dMbgcb'sB√®Kb'mk eTIbyayeTog sni~dΩanfa bursenH®tUvyYnhaNUybg≈M[bn¬Mx¬ÁnCaExµrdak'eQµaHfa mit†L¨ c Jk's&ki†3 Caemkan'k†ab'eyaFaExµr®khmnin~akaryYn . Kat'Qb'sgß&y ehIyk*yl'fa – yYnhaNUyCaGgkarGnamiky"agBit®Vkd . eBlenaHyayeTogmankarQWcab'y"ag´®kElg Kat'®sk'TwkEP~ke®ca k@ nwks†aybI† bÌËn@ kµÁy@ kUn@ nigbgbÌËnrYmCatiExµrEdl®tUvGgkarsm¬a

GgkarCanrNa ?

285

b'ecalGs'cMnYn3lannak' KµanVnt´dCamYyxµSgTal'EtesaH . s†ay Nas' ! ebIdwgfayYnhaNUyCaemXatkr em"¬HExµreyIgminenAes©øm{b´d y"agdUec~HeT ! . kaleNaHraÂs†ExµrPaKe®cInyl'®cLMsµan@faExµr sIh nuc∫SgCamYyExµrln'-nl' eTIbbbYlK~adak'GavuFcuH edaymincg'bg˙ËrQam rvagExµrnigExµrCabgbÌËn˘˘˘ h√ij-KImelog EbrmksMBHsMulamIgeTogeTAvij .

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etIGk ~ Na®tUvTTYlkMhs u enAcMeJH muxvibtie† nH ? CvI t i kn U Exrµ rabl ' annak®' tvU rge®KaHsa¬ be' nAe®kamTarN u kmrµ bsG ' gk  ar edaymn i Tand ' g w xn Á¬ pgfa mankh M s u GeI nAeLy I eT . Gk ~ dk w nSExrµ TSgGsE' dlVncaje' Vkcn i ng i yn Y h a Ny U EdlbeNa† y[Exrµ rvlE' tyl®' cLm M n i ecHcbm ' n i ecHehy I rht U dlG ' sC ' vI t i rabl ' annake' nH ®tvU TTl Y kh M s u TSg®sg u . e®JHBk Y xn Á¬ VnbeNa† ysaƒ nkarN[ _ Fa¬ kd ' n u dabmkdlf ' a~ kh ' g w~ . KB W k Y Gse' lak®tvU hafl nTTl Y sar PaB ehy I rkmeF¥aVyedaH®saycN M gdt * g w enH edm I ∫rI eM daH®beTskmC ¨ı a Bk I Na† b´' dyn Y mkvj i . ebm I n i deU ca~ HeT ®bvts †i aÂsn † g w carTk u fa KG W s' elakTSgenHehy I Edldk w nS®beTs[Fa¬ kd ' lr' eNA† mrN: e®kamcgm Ë˚ mcr¨ç aCrbsy ' n Y haNy U ng i brvi arrbsv' a KEW xrµ Gayg " . eBlenaHyayeTogGgy ¨ qg w˚ Elgdg w xn Á¬ edaymkBk I arQc W k u cab' . Km W kBk I arQc W k u cabe' nHehy I EdlCrM j u yayeTog[x®M sav®Cav cg®kg k®M mg‰ksarenH . enAedm I ExFq Ë~ S~ 1979 elogmkCb Y yayeTogmg † eTot . tSgBrI nak' Qrmx u kn U xm Ê . elogny i ayxßb w @fa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

286

- ebm I g I mn i ePosxn Á¬ eTAkan®' beTs´feT xc ¨∆M gC ' n U mg I eTAenACamy Y ma† yrbsx ' ‰ ¨∆M cd U k u e®JHenA®beTsExrµ sÂga mng w pH¨Ê elg I rSu ´rKaµ nTb I Jb ç e' T . yayeTogsrY elogfa – - ets I Âga mpH¨Ê eLg I rvagnrNang i nrNa ? . elogcab´' dmg I eTogkan®' BmTSgEvkEjkfa – - tamEdlxV ¨∆M ndg w yn Y haNy U begt ˚I Cae®scnvU Kb U db i kßkg ¨~ ®sk u kg ¨~ T®I kg u kg ¨~ T®I bCC uM n . vadt u ´ddt u eCg I begt ˚I «®km u km u arQanmx u » Edlmanmx u naT®I tvU EtkeM TcExrµ ®khmenAkg ¨~ dN M akk ' arCadb M g U . - cEM NkenAkg ¨~ ´®B‰eNaH Bk Y eyaFaExrµ ®khmnn i a~ karyn Y kt * SgmU ldaΩ nenAkEng ¬ case' Lg I vj i . dN M akk ' arCadb M g U rbsv' aenHKW ®tvU keM Tc skP †i m U n i c i ®kBt†i e®kambJaÇ karrbse' Qaµ Hlt ¨µ EdlCaeQaµ HbnB M¬ eI Qaµ Hbu" l-Bt bnB M¬ s I aLt ¨ -sr TSgsacT ' SgQam . - cEM Nke®kA®beTs‰eNaH elaksn W -sankB M g u begt ˚I rNsri ßrC rbx . sa† bd ' l®' tm w hg w~ yayeTogmanTk w mx u st Á© Kate' qy ¬I ya" gxf I¬ a – - x®¨∆M tvU EtenAkg ¨~ ®sk u sn i rgc ' SdN M g w kn U ®bs u 3nake' Tot . elogks * M BHmg I eTogeTAvj i ˘˘˘. enAcg u ExF1 Ë~ 979 ema" g®bEhlCa5la© c elogmk Cb Y mg I eTogCacg u e®kaybgs Ì ' sB M Hsl uM amg I eTogePosxn Á¬ eTAkan®' beTs ´f . mn u ng w EbkKa~ enH elog{bmg I eTogy®M BmTSgpS† fa – - mg I ! sk uM c uM l U eFk √I arbeM ry I n Y [esaHNa± ! e®JHvakB M g u esb uI rkGk ~ Na EdlCaGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω ardc U Camg I GJg wç . m¥" ageTotva®bml U ®km u Exrµ ®khmni rtI nSykmkbJ M kG ' avF u [eLg I vj i eTot catE' tgtSgCaQb ¬ JseBj®beTsExrµ dEdl . deU cH~ sm U mg I ®byt & ~ . ebeI Xj I fang w mane®KaHfa~ k' sm U mg I rte' Posxn Á¬ Ca®bjab˘' ˘˘. elogpS† mg I eTogsB®√ Kbe' hy I ky * { M s sB M H sl uM a C a c g u e ® k a y b gs Ì ' rc Y kb * eNr†I Bk Y ma" kBrI nakC ' abd U y U yn Y xagt∫g Ë kg ¨~ eKalbN M gePosxn Á ¬ eTA kan®' B®M bTl´' n®beTs´f . kng ¬ pt u mkCagknH¬ Ex yayeTogVnTTl Y dN M g w dG * ks u lfa elog ng i mt i B † rI nake' naH ®tvU bd U y U tamdanTane' nAkNa† lval B®I sk u ss uI p U n u eTA kanP ' m U n i m i t iµ rc Y bd U y U Vjs ' ma¬ be' caleTAehy I . elogsa¬ bV ' te' TAEmn bEu" nJ † k¥sd M rI bse' logenAærgk M g ¨ ~ ®tecok rb sy ' ayeTogCabC ' anc i ç ehy I EdlKaty ' lf ' a®tvU EtCrM abbgbn ËÌ Exrµ TSgG-

GgkarCanrNa ?

287

sn ' g i mts i klelak[Vndg w BeI rOgenH ‰kareCO…mn i eCOenaHvae®scenA elk I arvn i c i y &œ rbsG ' k ~ GaneTAcHu .

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yYnhaNUye®bIes~øtvayTwkkMcay®tI ®Blm w ´fT © 9 I mkra1980 yayeToge®kakln U ecjBb I nb Ê b ' gn  ' . Beu TaÏ eGy I ! ®sabE' teXj I bgbn ËÌ Exrµ EdlsN M ake' nAEk∫r@Kat' kB M g u Et®bml U KK ~I a~ cakecjecalTk w deI TAkan®' beTs´f . yayeTogQr®Tg w Pk w¬ xn Á¬ ®saldc U sL M I eml I k∫n Á mns u ßEdledrI katx ' m Ê rbsK ' at' dc U eKEhrkzn i . eBlenaHæsemg ¬ ehAya" g®salBeI ®kayxg ~ – - mg I ! KeW laksaÂsa† car¥Km w -enOg Caky Áµ mkbbl Y mg I eTogrtc ' akecjecalkmC ¨ı a . elakenOg®Vbm ' g I eTogfa – - ybm ' j i manecarCae®cn I ®km u GavF u ®Kb´' dedrI bn ¬ ' .

vacabc ' gGk ~ rg

e®KaH rc Y vaGarkbnc †i mg † @ keM jj I rkmaseB®C . man[kv* asma¬ b' Kaµ n[k* vasma¬ b' . ehy I TrM Sng w sa¬ b' Ks W a¬ by ' a" gEsbevTnaCaTb I p M t u . ®s@ I Exrµ eTaHmn i Tan®' Kbk ' arke* day

kv* acabG ' s U nSykeTAreM laP rc Y vasma¬ be' cal

Pa¬ m . enAeBlEdlCnrge®KaHrte' TAbg w† ® k sg Y sns †i x u eFe√I saHGegy I Kaµ n eGeI BeI Ly I . ≤LvË bgbn ËÌ Exrµ Gss ' gÙm w Kaµ nTB I g w e®JHnKrkmC ¨ı aCanKrrbse' car eTAehy I . Gk ~ TSgGsk ' b * bl Y Ka~ rte' cjecal®sk u . eBlenaHyayeTo gst Á© bB M gk ' mn i Gaceqy ¬I faeTA…ke* TVneLy I . TSgBrI nakm ' g I ky Áµ Qr smg w¬ mx u Ka~ ya" gyrU eTb I elakenOg{bma† ymg I TSgTk w EPk ~ rlg I relagrc Y sB M Hsl uM aecjeTA˘˘˘. mg I ng i ky Áµ kE* bkKa~ cabt ' SgBeI BlenaHrht U mk . ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

288

kg ¨~ Exkm u :∏ qS~ 1980 mansk & 3 †i evotkg u ma~ ke' Qaµ Hlk w edrI ya" gelOncl U mkCb Y mg I eTog sK uM atC ' y Y rkeharTay . yayeTogkn * SKate' TACb Y yay eharma~ k' ehy I cSCy Y bkE®bPasayn Y -Exrµ . eBlenaH lk w srY yay eharfa eteI nAqS~ T1 I 0vaGacCabe' lxVnvl i ®tLbe' TAhaNy U vj i …eT ? . lk w ray " ra" bf ' a vaerobkar®bBnt Ï SgBc I g u qS~ 1969, vakarrc Y Etbn Y Ex k®* tU vEbkKa~ rht U e®JHva®tvU beM Bjkrny i kc i m ç kkan®' beTsExrµ Caemkank ' a† b' bd U y U kg ¨~ qS~ 1970 . eBlenaHyayeharGgy ¨ sg wµ saµ F eml I vasnalk w . Kate' ml I eXj I GB M G I tt I kalrbsl ' k w ya" ge®cn I . Katn ' y i ay®ts Y @®Vbl ' k w . lk w TTY lfa®tvU TSgGs' . yayeharGgy ¨ sg wµ saµ Fmg † eTotya" gyrU eml I GnaKt[lk w . rc Y Kat®' Vbf ' a – lk w mane®KaHfa~ kb ' nc †i deU cH~ ®tvU eFB √I F i eI ®sac Tk w beNa† He®KaH . yayeharny i aybnf † a ceM JHBF i eI ®sacTk w enH ®tvU man «Tn M ab» ' dc U teTAenH – - sB M te' Ts‰ks®bEvg5Em®" t - pa˚ Qk U ®VM - eTon®VM - Fb U ®VM - eckNSva1 " st i~ eBlenaH lk w eFm √I x u st Á© ®Kvk I ∫alfrË© fa etV I nBN I aeTArbsT ' SgenH ? yayeharCaCatEi xrµ mn i Edlsa lr' bbrbsy ' n Y haNy U Edl®krham ya" genaHke* qy ¬I Pa¬ mfa mn i xH√ eTenAkg ¨~ pßarmanlks ' b M rU hrU ehor˘˘˘. sk & 3 †i lk w eqy ¬I edayGss ' gÙm w fa xK ¨∆M aµ ngT √I alE' tesaHedm I ∫n I g w drU vtT ¨ ƒ SgenaH . eBlenaHyayeTogCy Y eckNSvam " y Y st ~i . cEM NkyayeharKat' Cy Y erobc[ M TSgGs' . eml I cHu ! KrY [GaNt i dlr' aÂsE† xrµ Nas' manFm· sb∫r¨ sCanc i ç eTaHdg w faembd U y U enHcl U mklk u ly u ratt∫at®beTsrbsx ' n Á¬ ke* day . enAedm I Exmn i aqS~ 1980 lk w edrI ya" gelOnmkkanx ' m Ê yayeTog edm I ∫I ny i ayEfg ¬ GN M rKN u ®BmTSgsl uM aKatn ' g i yayehareTAkan®' beTsevo tNamvj i ˘˘˘ BF i eI ®sacTk w [embd U y U man®bsT i P Ï i aBEmn

e®JHenAeBle®kaymkcM

GgkarCanrNa ?

289

n M n Y Et6´f© lk w kV * neLg I bN u ¥Jks ' k & b †i n Y ng i VnCabe' lxqS~ T1 I 0 edm I ∫I Vnvl i ®tLbe' TAkanh ' aNy U vj i . e n A mn u eBlEbkKa~ yayeTogke* robVyTk w nc M N M C I n U e m bd U y U Bs i ar my Y eBl edm I ∫eI qø¬ tsrY bJaÇ k®' sav®CavrkerOgBt i xH¬ BeI mbd U y U Cayn Y haNy U edaypaÊ lm ' at' . eBlVyTlm ' x u Ka~ yayeTogsrY lk w fa – - etb I d U y U ma~ k@ ' ®tvU mkCy Y Exrµ bn u" aµ nqS~ ? lk w jjm w ®BmTSgeqy ¬I ray " rab " d ' c U bd U y U mn u @GJg wç Edr . lk w bJaÇ k' fa vamkkan®' beTsExrµ tSgBEI xmn i a1970 eTb I ng w VnCabe' lxqS~ T1 I 0 edI m∫vI l i eTAkanh ' aNy U enAkg ¨~ Exmn i aqS~ 1980enH . ebq I S~ T1 I 0Fa¬ ke' lxmg † eTot lk w ®tvU enAkg ¨~ ®beTskmC ¨ı arht U ˘˘˘. yayeTogQa¬ tsrY bJa˙ xH¬ @ Edlhj i√ -Km i elogVn®VbK ' atr' c Y ehI y . sk & 4 †i lk w ke* qy ¬I ®VbK ' atd ' c U elogny i ayGJg wç Edr . yayeTogsuM eTaslk w ehy I srY Bb I Ja˙ my Y eTot – - xc ¨∆M gd ' g w GB M vI tm † anbgbn ËÌ Exrµ Edlevotmj i bJn ËÇ [eTAeronenAebk " Sg ng i enAhaNy U cabt ' SgBq I S~ 1948 ehy I EdlenAmanbJn ËÇ bn@ † eTAe®kay@eTot . ≤LvË xT ¨∆M Tl Y Btm · anfamanbJn ËÇ vl i ®tLbm ' kkan®' beTskmC ¨ı a vj i ehy I ets I B´√ fe© nA‰Na ? e®JHxm ¨∆M anbn ËÌ ®bs u ma~ ke' Qaµ H ecA-gk u " Gaj' enACamy Y ng w eKEdr . lk w smg w¬ mx u yayeTogya" gmt u eTb I eqy ¬ I rebobrdi brdb u fa – - mt i T † SgbJ I nn ' ake' naH ®tvU VneKbJn ËÇ ®tLbm ' kkan®' beTskmC ¨ ı atS gBc I g u qS~ 1973emH¬" .

bEu" nG † k ~ TSgenaHCamns u ßcasK ' rM l i hs Y smy & e®bI

karElgekt I ehy I ˘˘˘. ≤LvË Ggk  areleI cjbJaÇ [bd U y U edrI ®bml U km u ark®M JCatEi xrµ rc Y bJn ËÇ eTA˘˘˘˘ enA˘˘˘ ha˘˘˘ Ny U ˘˘˘ . lk w ny i ayrebobsaÊ ke' srÊI Edlbga˙ j[dg w fa enHCaGafk · V M g M Bt i ®VkdNas' . eBlenaHyayeTogxg w Nas' Kat' lc Y faEtkg ¨~ ct i f † a– - GakP M r, karBt i Bk Y GaEGgcatk ' arVjs ' ma¬ be' KecalGse' TAehy I . kB M g u EtrkelsbEgg √ dan ´cdn¥va®keLkeXj I kn U ®seI BArbsy ' ayeTog eTb I ng w mkBs I alaeron vakE* brCasrY yayeTogfa – Em" ! mt i e† nHeTb I ng w mkBs I alaeron… ? - cas± !

GgkarCanrNa ?

290

lk w VnelsenHke* ®Jk®VCt ∆ eTAeTot – - Em" ! Emd " g w eTfabd U y U kB M g u EtedrI ®bml U km u ark®M JCatEi xrµ edm I ∫b I Jn ËÇ eTAeronenAhaNy U ? ®km u km u ark®M JTSgenaHva[eQaµ Hfa « ®km u km u arsg Qam » . - ehteu mc † kb * Jn ËÇ eTAerondlh ' aNy U ? - eK®tvU EtbJn ËÇ [qa© ybp M t u edm I ∫k I [ uM mankarCabC ' J M k' k[ u M æJk¥esA hg µ Bc I asT ' uM . e®JHkm u arTSgenaHCaekg µ f®µI sLag Edldac®' sLHKaµ nCM JkG ' e√I Ly I . Ggk  armanParkc i l ç td ' M « ®km u km u arsgQam » [dlk ' B M l U edayBn¥l®' Vb[ ' sa lf ' anrNaCamt i † nrNaCas®tvU . åbmadc U CaeK dt u Edk[dlk ' eM dA rc Y ehy I eKGac´qE~ dkenaHeTAeFC √I aGk √I V * n. bnaÊ bB ' k I arltd ' eM nHmk tN M agfrµI bsG ' gk  arcatT ' k u ekg µ TSgenaHfa Ca GnaKtraÂsE† xrµ fy µI a" gBt i ®Vkd . ekg µ TSgenaHng w dHu Kn M t i sgsk w ceM JH s®tvU . vacatE' cgerobceM kg µ TSgenaHdc U teTA – lHu dk w CJn ËÇ dlh ' aNy U ehy I manKNkmk µ arrgc ' STTl Y rc Y Eckta mEpk ~ @ tamkare®Cs I ers I rbsk ' m u arTSgenaHedayxn Á¬ ‰g . åTahrNd _ c U CakgTB & ®Kb@ ' Epk ~ lHu eronhath ' k w√ hn W√ ecHcbe' hy I Ggk  areln I g w bJn ËÇ vl i ®tLbm ' kkanm ' atP u m U k i mC ¨ı avj i eKng w erobcG M naKt®beTssarCafµI Cn M Y sGk ~ dk w nSsB´√ fe© nH . Ggk  arelQ I bT ' Tl Y sa lE' xrµ Naepßge®kAB®I km u km u a r s g Q a m e n H C a d a cx ' at eTaHExrµ enaHeronecHdlf ' a~ kN ' ake* day . mkdl´' fh © g w~ Ggk  arVnbJn ËÇ km u ark®M JeTAdlh ' aNy U cn M n Y bn Y mn uW nak' rc Y ehy I . deU cH~ edm I ∫k I sagGnaKt[kn U ®srI bsE' m" EmK " rY EtbJl Ëç kn U kg ¨~ ®km u km u arsgQam[Tane' Blevla .l. yayeTogsrY lk w fa – - eteI nAextV † td ' b M g maneKbegt ˚I CrM ®M km u km u arsgQamehy I …enA ? - manbegt ˚I rc Y ehy I Em" ! lk w eqy ¬I Pa¬ medayjjm w ya" geBjct i † . TI tSgCrM M KeW nAkg ¨~ brei vNGtt I vT i ¥aly & ®BHmn u vI gß . sB´√ fm © anekg µ k®M JcM nn Y 7,000nak' . bd U y U kB M g u edrI ®bml U Cabn@ † eTAeTot . yayeTogædeU cH~ manGarmN µ t _ ks ' t ¨¬ edayxa¬ clk w bEM bkkn U ® sB I K I at' . { ! yn Y haNy U Ggy ¨ rgc ' S{kasenHyrU ehy I eTetI . ehtd u eU cH~ ehy I VnCavaGacseM rceKalbN M gdF * eM Fgrbsv' aya" genHVn ?!?! { ! vasnakn U Exrµ k®M J etG I k ~ dg w …eTfa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

291

- Ggk  arng w ltd ' d M lk ' B M l U edm I ∫[ I Gk ~ ka¬ yeTACas®tvU rbsm ' amg I CI dn U Ct I arbsG ' k ~ ? - Ggk  arng w dk w nSGk ~ [eTACa®bCaCnExrµ my Y fµI EdlenABeI ®kayman Bk Y vaCaGk ~ bJaÇ ? { ! Gnc i aç Exrµ eGy I ! crU Gk ~ dg w xn Á¬ eLg I Pa∆ kx ' n Á¬ Bk I aryl®' cLeM Lg I mn i EdlmanCnCati …Gk ~ Na®sLajG ' k ~ Cagbgbn ËÌ mamg I rbsG ' k ~ Edlman CatC i aExrµ dc U Gk ~ eT˘˘˘ eBlenaH lk w e®kakedrI mk{byayeTog Efg ¬ GN M rKN u ®BmTSgsuM lacakecjBk I mC ¨ı aeTAkanh ' aNy U enA´fE© sk Ì enH . tSgB´I fe© naHmk yayeTogmanesck®†I By Y Vrmc ∏ eM JHvasnarbsk ' n U ®seI BAKatC ' axS¬ g . Kats ' eM rcct i e† TAeml I CrM ®M km u km u arsgQamedaypaÊ l' EPk ~ . Katc ' gd ' g w fa etk I are®Cs I ers I ya" ghg w~ manlkN &≈ GE√I bk ¬ …eT ? etI mane®cn I …eT ? .

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CMrk M umarQanmux enA´fT © 1 I 7-3-80, yayeTogedrI eTAkanC ' rM k M m u ark®M J edayedrI cl U BI eCg I eTAkanC ' rM M . bnHÊ ka† rFEM vgmy Y cgB¥rÁ Cabn ' g w eka¬ gTa√ rsresrfa – « CrM M km u arQanmx u ». enAxageqg √ ´dmanGaKarmy Y CakEng ¬ dNS† s¬ . KatV ' nCb Y ®sy I n Y ma~ ke' Qaµ HnI ekt I enA®sk u Exrµ EdlCa®bFanTTl Y xs u ®tvU erobcV M yTk w [ekg µ TSgenaH . Gk ~ nT I Tl Y yayeTogya" grakT ' ak' rc Y nSKatb ' eNr†I cl U eTAeml I km u ak®M JTSg7Jnn ' ake' naH EdlkB M g u Ette®mobCrY Ka~ cl U kant ' j u S¨ Vy . ekg µ TSgenaHmanGayB u 8 I eTA14qS~ esø¬ kJk‰ ' ksNaÏ nBN´· peÊ mX

GgkarCanrNa ?

292

mx u jjm w rk I ray . lHu cl U Cb Y CeuM hy I ®sabE' tæsemg ¬ E®skbJaÇ tammI ®kC U aPasayn Y fa – - Mac niêm chiên si trân giôn - « eKarBvJ i aÔ Nkn ≈ y Ï T u C Ï nEdlsa¬ bk ' g ¨~ smrPm U i». km u arTSgGse' ®kakQreLg I sg wµ saµ F eKarBvJ i aÔ Nkn ≈ y Ï T u C Ï nEdl VnbC U aCvI t i kg ¨~ smrPm U c i n M n Y 30vn i aTI . eKEckkm u artSgenaHCa®km u @ . kg ¨~ my Y ®km u @manKa~ 10nak' . kg ¨~ ®km u nm i y Y @manma~ ke' ®kakeLg I eFs √I n M rY fa – - etn I rNaCamt i r† bse' yg I ? - mt i r† bse' yg I KW evotNamng i lav ! - etn I rNaCas®tvU rbse' yg I ? - s®tvU rbse' yg I KV W rSg Cbn u" Gaemrk i Sg ng i Exrµ ®khm˘˘˘ eyg I ®tvU EtkeM TcExrµ ®khm . sn M rY ng i cemy ¬I rebobhg w~ ®tvU EteFe√I nAmn u e B l V y ® Bk w la© cCaerogral´' f© . eBlenaHyayeTogQr®Tg w ®skT ' k w EPk ~ e®cak@ nk w sa† yGaNt i G a e N a c G F m ·d l 'k um a r k M® J T S g e n a H y "a g ´ ® k E l g x Mr t 'e K c B IE x µr ® k h m EbrCamkFa¬ kc ' k M Na† b´' dyn Y haNy U eTAvj i . eml I cHu ! vaebk I LanedrI ®bml U ykmkeFC √I aQa~ nm ' y Y elk I eTot vae®bI esø~ tTnP ' n ¬ ' kB M g u jH¨ jgb ' J M ke' KalCh M r CaBei ssBn¥lE' vkEjkbNH¨† Kn M t i sgsk w ®sbtambJa˙ CakE' sg † Edlkm u arTSgenaHVneXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ ng i ®tvU rge®KaHpaÊ lx ' n Á¬ KeW Xj I Exrµ ®khmcl U mkcabE' m“ " mamg I bgbn Ë Ì nS ykeTAsma¬ be' calBt i @˘˘˘. cEM Nkkm u arTSgenaH ®tvU Exrµ ®khm®bml U n S y k e T A b g[ M≈ e F k √I a r T S g ybT ' Sg´f© halePø¬ ghalx¥l' TSgQW ht u EtTk w bbr sg w Kaµ nGb M l i Kaµ nGav Kaµ nexa manEtmy Y bna¬ sC ' abn ' g w xn Á¬ . vaeFT √I arN u kmeµ XareXA≤t emta† eT . dle' BleXj I yn Y haNy U mkdl' edrI ®bml U nSykmkEfrkßa åbtƒ m∏ [sc uI k u ya" g®Kb®' Kan' esø¬ kJk‰ ' ksNaÏ nya" gsaÌ t@ ks M ane† lgya" gsb∫ay mankEng ¬ edkya" gsmrm¥ Kt i EtBeI rons®U t˘˘˘ ebeI Xj I c∫as' ya" genHehy I emc " km * n i dg w KN u mn i eKarB mn i sa† bb ' ga b' mn i ®sLajy ' Y nhaNy U ? emc " mn i sa lf ' aExrµ ®khmCas®tvU ? eteI KGacbeM Pc ¬ GeM BeI Xar

GgkarCanrNa ?

293

eXA´®BEpßrbsG ' k ~ EdleKehAfa «Exrµ ®khm» enaHVn…eT ? . yayeTog®Kvk I ∫alTSgTk w EPk ~ rhamTenj Ê EtJk¥fa – - KrY [sa† y@ ! eteI Fe√I mc " eTA edm I ∫B I n¥lk ' m u ark®M JTSgLayenaH[ ylf ' a enHCakll∫c i rbsy ' n Y haNy U eT ! . Katn ' k w eXj I nvU sn M rY BrI Xa¬ EdlkaleNaHrbbyn Y evotmj i Bq I S~ 1947 ng i 1948 vabg[ M≈ ebkC ≈ nEdlbrM g u eTAeronenAebk " SgTenj Ê cSmat' . bu" En®† tgs ' n M rY fa nrNaCas®tvU rbse' yg I kalenaHcemy ¬I manEtVrSg ng i Cbn u" beu" Naˆ H . kaleNaHyayeTogmanGay1 u 9qS~ ecHsrY ecHeqy ¬I cec cccacdc U sts √ ark i a ny i aytamEtevotmj i bg[ M≈ fa edayKaµ nyln ' y & ni gXa¬ TSgBrI enaHeT . py ¨Ê eTAvj i ®km u km u arQammx u Gacyln ' y & ng i t´m´¬ n Xa¬ fa – - nrNaCamt i † ? nrNaCas®tvU ? c∫asl ' asN ' as' . y a y e T o g nk w e Xj I e Lg I vj i k a l Bq I S~ 1948 kg ¨~ C n M a ny ' n Y e v o t mj i B¥ayambJn ËÇ kn U Exrµ eTAeronenAebk " Sg xG M br' EM k´q[ ~ eTACaExrµ fµI enAkg ¨~ rgg √ ' GnaÊ kE' xßjakr' bsv' a . bEu" nk † n U Exrµ mn u @xH√ karltd ' M Kaµ nbNH¨† Kn M t i sgsk w lHu eronecHcbV ' n vl i ® t L bm ' k k a nm ' a tP u m U vi j i EbrCadHu sts i m∫CJ:Ô ecHesh ~ a C a tB i t i @ ya" gmt u e®CA mn i ®BmelattamExßjakr' bsv' a . Gk ~ TSgenaH®tvU yn Y haNU ysma¬ be' calGs' . deU cH~ kc i k ç are®Cs I ers I kn U Exrµ nSykeTAGbr' M edm I ∫EI k ´ qC ~ aExrµ fµI kg ¨~ ry:kalCag30qS~ enH kn U Exrµ ®tvU sa¬ be' ®cn I ≤tKNna . ≤LvË yn Y haNy U ®bEhlCaVnseM rceKalbN M gvaehy I EdlxB M ¥aya m EdlxB M ei saFCae®cn I qS~ . rarkeXj I esø~ tmy Y de* qm ~I KeW ®beI Qaµ HGgk  ar Gnamk i CaembJaÇ karelEI xrµ ®khm rc Y tN M agGgk  aredaye®by I eI haExrµ ®k hmCanc i ç.

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GgkarCanrNa ?

294

km u ar Ty u Gay9 u qS~ Cakn U ®bs u eBArbs®' Ks Y army Y EdlmanKa~ 4nak' . vaCb Y yayeTogenAkg ¨~ Exmn i aqS~ 1980 enA«vte† lakyn Y » st ƒi enAEk∫rvt† lab . km u arenHny i aybeNr†I yb M eNr†I ®Vby ' ayeTogfa – e n A ´ fm © y Y kg ¨ ~ s my & G gk  ar ma† yxV ¨∆M nykmaseTAdrU Ggr˚ edm I ∫d I NS† Vyhb U [mankmS¬ g edm I ∫eI cjBlk i mb µ eM rG I gk  ar . Ggk  arecjbJaÇ [Exrµ ®khmcabc ' gma† yx¨∆M nSykeTAsma¬ be' nA®tgP ' m U i sala®tav kg ¨ ~ shkrN´_ ®Btc U . Ggk  arbJaÇ [nS“Bk u , bg®bs u x¨∆M ng i xe¨∆M TAQreml I . eBl enaHeBCŒXatvaysB M gma† yx¨∆M my Y ®Bnge' dm I sEgT ˚ Sgbna¬ rc Y ®canTma¬ k' Katk ' g ¨~ reNA† EdlmanCeM rAya" ge®CA . bnaÊ bm ' k vakE* ®sksrY “Bk u xE¨∆M dl Qreml I TSgKSgmate' nATeI naHfa – - Enmt i † GaNt i …eT ? “Bk u xe¨∆M qy ¬I sg w mn i rc Y . my Y snH¨Ê FeM Tb I eqy ¬ I fa – - GaNt i !˘˘˘. eBCŒXateVy´dehA“Bk u x®¨∆M BmTSgny i ayfa ebG I aNt i mkeNH ! “ Bk u xk ¨∆M e* drI eTACt i matr' eNA† EdleBCŒXatcgl ¨Ì edaybrM g u eQa© keml I exaµ cma† yx¨∆M edm I ∫[ I dg w faets I a¬ b… ' rs' ? eBCŒXatks * B M gKatm ' y Y ®Bngs ' Egd ˚ Edl rc Y FakK ' atT ' ma¬ kb ' Jl Ëç k¨~ greNA† dEdl Camy Y exaµ cma† yxV ¨∆M te' TA . - e B l e Xj I e B C Œ X a t sB M g “ Bk u ma† yx,¨∆M xn ¨∆M g i b g ® bs u smg w ¬ mx u Ka~ Ca sJaÔ . eBlenaHeBCŒXatsrY Bk Y xP ¨∆M a¬ mfa – - ENmt i † etG I aNt i Gak∫te' nH…eT ? bgbn ËÌ xt ¨∆M SgBrI nake' qy ¬I ®BmKa~ TSg®Kvk I ∫al ®Kv´I dfa eT ! eT ! eT ! eT mt i B † U ! xm ¨∆M n i GaNt i mns u ßk∫tG ' gk  areT ! . Bk Y xk ¨∆M V * n rc Y xn Á ¬ Bs I a¬ b' enAeBlenHGgk  a r kb * Jn ËÇ bgbn ËÌ x[ ¨ ∆ M cl U e T A k¨ ~ gkgkm u arenAPm U ´i ®Btc U bg[ M≈ efk √I arTSgybT ' Sg´f© kNa† lekA† kNa† lePø¬ g ht u EtTk w bbrsg w Kaµ nGb M l i manEtexaGavmy Y bna¬ sd ' acd ' acCabn ' g w xn Á¬ eBlybn ' Sbgbn ËÌ ln U cl U edkkg ¨~ ceM bg I e®JHKaµ nPy Y dNb † e' T . ≤LvË enHbd U y U nSbg®bs u xe¨∆M TAeron‰haNy U CagBrI Exehy I . cEM N kbd U y U sn¥afa ng w bJn ËÇ xe¨∆M TAhaNy U EdrenAExe®kay@enH . km u arTy u bJaÇ kr' G@ U fl fa – - KrY [dg w KN u bd U y U Nas' !

GgkarCanrNa ?

295

eml I n± ! km u ark®M JGrKN u ng i sresrI haNy U Emn ! eteI TAGnaKtma n ® km u Exrµ NaGacmansmtP ƒ a B cl U e T A B n ¥ ld ' k w n S ® km u km u a r Q a n mx u [ca kecjBG I naÊ kE' xßjakr' bsb ' d U y U VneT ? . e B l e n H ® km u km u a r Q a n mx u kB M g u Etyl®' cLy M a" gEsne®CAeTAkg ¨~ s PaBkarNe_ nH !˘˘˘ yayeTogQrPk w¬ Bc i arNafa – enHCaEpnkarGafk · V M g M KvW adk w nS[qa© ypt u Bc I asT ' C uM atEi xrµ edm I ∫EI k´q®~ k´Lkm u ark®M J[eTACaExrµ fµI . varkßaTk u km u ak®M JTSgenaHedm I ∫eI qy ¬I eTAceM JHmx u Gnr† Catf i a xC ¨∆M aExrµ Camaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ ı a˘˘˘ bEu" nB † eu TaÏ eGy I ! etc I t i K † n M t i rebobrbb TeM nomTma¬ b' Gar¥Fm· Pasa ng w eTACaya" gNaeTAvj i ? yn Y haNy U cJ i m wç km u arTSgenHTk u edm I ∫eI robcG M naKt[®km u Exrµ dk w nS kmC ¨ı afµI edm I ∫b I P M n & m † tB i P i Belak[yl®' cLM TTl Y sa l®' km u km u arQanmx u faCamaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ ı a®sbc∫ab' . e T A G n a K t mx u E t yn Y h a Ny U catE' tgtSg[enA®Kb@ ' ® k sg Y kg ¨~ G n a K trdaΩ PV i lkmC ¨ı a . bEu" ne† cA®ksg Y dk w nSKB W t i Cayn Y haNy U TSgGs' . { erOgenHsk & b † n Y lk w Vn®Vby ' ayeTogrc Y ehy I . { ! vasnakm u ark®M JExrµ eGy I ! GPB & N √ as' ! Jk¥bru aNVntN M alt @mkehy I fa – « ®byt & ~ ! ®VsB ' d I gErk eTAEpk Ì cb M gn  G ' acm_ ! » . etn I rNa®tvU TTl Y kh M s u TSgGse' nH ? et®I tvU ecaTnrNa ? eml I cHu ! enAkg ¨~ ´p®Ê beTsExrµ yn Y haNy U dt u ´ddt u eCg I begt ˚I Exrµ fµI vae®b®I Kbk ' ll∫c i elbTk w dk I mC ¨ı a[®sb [eBjlkN ≈ :c∫abG ' nr† Cati . cEM Nk®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ Camaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ı a B t i @vj i kB M g u bH´dbHeCg I nS ®Ks Y arEdlesssle' nArsr' te' KcBk I Na† b´' decar ePosxn Á¬ eTA®CksM Nake' nA®beTsT3 I rVt " r' Vy " dc U ®trI sE' bkhg Ë√ . enHehy I mkBeI mdk w nSExrµ TSgskP †i m U i TSgExrµ ®khm xH√ smtP ƒ aBTSg®sg u . - yayeTogkB M g u lgv' J i aÔ Nnk w esaksa† ykm u ark®M JExrµ Cae®cn I mn uW nakE' dlGgk  a r l td ' d M lk ' B M l U rc Y e hy I EbrCaFa¬ kK ' g ¨~ kNa† b´' dyn Y haNy U EdlCaXatkre®beQaµ HGgk  arenaHeTAvj i . { ! vasna®beTsExrµ eGy I eteI TAGnaKtng w eTACaya" gNaeTA ? . yayeTogPa∆ ke' dayGk ~ nd I k w

GgkarCanrNa ?

296

´dKatn ' SbeNr†I eTAeml I kEng ¬ edkrbsk ' m u arTSgenaH . kenl Ê mg u exy ~I Py Y ®tvU eKerobcy M a" gsaÌ t ! . Gk ~ nn I y i aysresrI fa

bgeXj I eTkm u ark®M JTSgenHmanvasnalÌ

Nas' yn Y haNy U cl U mkCy Y Tan' ≤LvË eKedrI ®bml U rc Y eKbJn Ë Ç [eTA erons®U t‰haNy U . lHu eronecHdg w ehy I ´fe© ®kayng w vl i ®tLbm ' kkan' ®beTskmC ¨ı avj i Gacsgsk w ceM JHExrµ ®khmVn edaymanbd U y U CaGk ~ KS ®T . Gk ~ n{ I n x ßb w ® V by ' a y e T o g ® B m T S g c gl ¨Ì ® V bf ' a e n H G a Gk ufl kn U ® bs u eBArbsx ' ¨∆M . xe¨∆M Tb I eFs √I b M ®u tbJaÇ kf ' a vaCakn U k®M J . ybe' nHva®tvU ecjdM eNrI eTAkanh ' aNy U Camy Y mt i r† bsv' acn M n Y 1000nak' . Gk ~ nn I y i aybeNr†I ®BmTSgelk I ´dcgl ¨Ì bga˙ jLankamg ¨ ∆ " cn M n Y 2 0 e ® K O g kB M g u e r o b C a k ∫n Á cttamelxerogenAbeNa† ypvˬ elx2 xagekt I Gtt I vT i ¥aly & ®BHmn u vI gß . yayeTogsrY bJaÇ kG ' k ~ nf I a– - ehteu mc " cSVcm ' anlx i t i bJaÇ kf ' ak®M J ? Gk ~ np I H¨Ê seM Nc I ya" g®sy Y kack ' rc Y eTb I GFb i ∫ayfa – yn Y haNy U srM Sge®Cs I ers I nSykeTAmn u eKEtkm u ark®M JTSg“Bk u TSgma† y . ebk I m u ar Nak®M JEtEm" …Et“ eKrkßaTk u my Y Gens ¬I n i . eKcabe' pm †I esb uI Gegt ˚ ebI kn U k®M JenaHCakn U Gtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω ar eKng w lbe' Qaµ HecalPa¬ m . enAeBlCECksrY -eqy ¬I enH ®sT I SgBrI nakm ' aneyablp ' y ¨Ê Ka~ ®sLH. Gk ~ nd I k M ld ' eM kg I yn Y haNy U faCaGk ~ manåbkarKN u ®BmTSgeFG √I eM Bl I Ì ceM JHkm u ark®M JExrµ . cEM NkyayeTogvj i Katy ' lp ' y ¨Ê ®sLHBG I k ~ nI . e ® J H b J ˙a s Mr S g e ® C Is e r Is k um a r k M® J E x µr E d l G g k a r l t 'd Md l 'k MB Ul r Yc ehy I enH KC W aesø~ tmy Y d®* besrI Edlyn Y haNy U smrM© gc ' SCae®cn I qS~ mk ehy I eTb I VnseM rceBlhg w ~ ?!?! y a y e T o g m a n G a r mN µ Q _ c W abe' saksa† ykm u ark®M JTSgLayenaHCa ´®kElg . KatQ ' rsmg w¬ k∫n Á Lankamg ¨∆" ya" gyrU eTb I sl uM aGk ~ nvI l i ®tL be' TAkank ' n U xm Ê dk * s M tr' bsK ' atv' j i .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

297

ecarb¬n'CaelIkTI2 ®Blm w ´fT © 1 I 0-4-80 yayeTogln U ecjBb I nb Ê b ' gn  ' edm I ∫y I k®svU eTAVc[mans ' uI . Beu TaÏ eGy I ! sa© te' ®Cob, manC ' ag40k∫al®tvU ecarlc Y exc Ê . yayeTogGss ' gÙm w rlg I Tn´' dTne' Cg I kG * gy ¨ Epk Ì xg ~ eTAng w edI mdg U xagekt I kn U xm Ê . srM b i eCg I mns u ßedrI e®kayxg ~ eF[ √I KatE' brEPk ~ smg w¬ eml I . yn Y ma~ k' Gay®u bEhl35qS~ ny i aymkkany ' ayeTogfa – - elakecAha√ yexts † G uM eJj ÇI Eme" TACb Y ng w elak . yayeToge®kakQr®BmTSgsrY fa – - eteI lakehAxm ¨ ∆ M ankarGI ? - xm ¨∆M n i dg w eT . yayeTogbrM g u xn Á¬ edrI tamyn Y dc * Emk ¬ enH . mn u ng w ecjdeM NrI nay nSsarks * rY yayeTogfa – - Emm " n i pa¬ ss ' eM lokbJ M ke' T… ? . - xm ¨∆M anEtmy Y bna¬ sC ' abn ' g w xn Á ¬ enHeT . - etEI me" cHPasayn Y …eT ? . - Gte' cHeT . yn Y c E mk ¬ beNr†I yayeTogdlx ' a g e kt I ® B H vh i arvtr† d M l Y km * anLan ' y Y e®KOgctQbr' gc ' SenATeI naHCae®sc . Gk ~ ebI Peugeot 404 BN®· Vkm kbrkC * aCaty i n Y . enAelB I k U Lanxage®kay manbd U y U BrI nakm ' ankSePg ¬I x¬I ma~ km ' y Y edm I . bd U y U ebk I Ta√ rLanbJaÇ [yayeTogcl U Ggy ¨ kNa† l . Lanke* raTm _i a" sn uI ebk I brcakecjBvI tr† d M l Y . bd U y U EdlGgy ¨ xageqg √ elI kkSePg ¬I Pg Ç y ' ayeTog . eBlenaHGk ~ bkE®bPasany i ay®Vbb ' d U y U fa – - Ba nay ngheo mac lam˘˘˘˘ - yayenH®krhamNask ' euM FV √I bKatG ' I ! Katm ' anEtexaGavmy Y bna¬ sC ' abn ' g w xn Á¬ hg w~ . Kats ' N M ake' nAng w kn U xm Ê tc U my Y Kaµ nCJSÇ g®sLH eFgKaµ nGT √I SgGs' . bd U y U bJaÇ [ebk I Lanmy Y CT uM ®I kg u Vtd ' b M g ykeBl sL M t ¨ yayeTogsn i . Gk ~ bkE®bPasa®Vby ' ayeTogeTotfa Em®" tvU [

GgkarCanrNa ?

298

mas®Vd M L M g w dlb ' d U y U eTb I eKElg[Eme" TApHÊ vj i . yayeTog®Kvk I ∫aleqy ¬I ya" gfm ~ @fa – - xK ¨∆M aµ nmasTalE' tesaH . LanenHbrtampvˬ elx1 eTAdlp ' ßarelc I ma© y®bEhl4K˘m˘ rc Y kac' bte' TAsS† kanp ' vˬ elx3 brvl i ®tLbm ' kkanp ' ßarFV M td ' b M gvj i . Jk¥kM ejj I Tarmas5dL M g w ng i Jk¥rbsy ' ayeTogeqy ¬I faKaµ neT ærgeM BjLa n . Lanbrmkdlp ' ßarFV M td ' b M g kb * te' TAeqg √ bnc †i rc Y eTActQbe' nAmx u ®ksg Y «sns †i x u Cat» i . bd U y U ebk I Ta√ rLan®canyayeTog[cHu . eBlenaHeXj I Pa~ kg ' ar®ksY gsns †i x u ma~ kC ' aCatEi xrµ edrI mkCb Y Gk ~ bkE®bPasaQrxßb w Ka~ ya" gyrU . Pa~ kg ' a r e ® k a y e n H e V y ´ d e h A y a y e T o g rc Y vabeNr†I Katc ' l U eTAkg ¨ ~ b nb Ê ' sma© tm ' y Y . vakc * atK ' a~ cl U mkkejj I sL M t ¨ Tarmas®Vd M L M g w dEdl . cM ENkyayeTogmanEtJk¥2ma" tK ' W– - Kaµ neT . vacatK ' a~ cl U mksL M t ¨ ˘˘˘ mns u ßT1 I mns u ßT2 I T3 I T4 I ˘˘˘

sL M t ¨ ehy I

tL M t ¨ eTot˘˘˘ - xK ¨∆M aµ nmaseT . mns u ßT5 I kc * l U mkdl' – - { ! Beu TaÏ @ ! b˘˘˘ bg ! bgeTetI ! Pa~ kg ' arT5 I enHmankeM Nt I enAPm U s i a√ yeck kalBeI dm I manrbrrksC uI a ecarlc Y man' . enAqS~ 1955 vaQeW JHevondHu Exg ~ ck u eJHsg w dacd ' egm ˙I Ct i gabe' TAehy I . kaleNaHelak®TC I aeBT¥®bcSkarenAPm U s i a√ yeck Vn dk w vatamreTHeKamkkan®' bCC uM n ® s k u ss uI p u n u rc Y eTb I dk w LaneTAB¥aVl enAeBT¥FV M td ' b M g edm I ∫vI Hkatd ' d uM Hu enaH . kaleNaHyayeTogpl † V ' ymË˙ bcN M [ I ly u ´fC ¬ n M Hi vl i ®tLbe' TAkanP ' m U s i a√ yeckvj i . Pa~ kg ' arT5 I rtm ' k{byayeTog®skT ' k w EPk ~ rlg I relag rc Y kc * ake' pm †I srY sx u Tk u ≈ eTb I dg w fa®Ks Y arrbsy ' ayeTog®tvU ®Jt®' Vsr' Vt " r' Vy " Gsr' lI g . ®KeU BT¥®T®I tvU Ggk  arsma¬ be' TAehy I . my Y snH¨Ê Pa~ kg ' arT5 I ks * l uM ayayeTogeTACb Y ®km u rbsv' a . enAeBl®t Lbm ' kvj i va{byayeTogmg † eTot ®BmTSgEfg ¬ seuM TasnvU GeM BeI fakTab Edl®km u vaVn®b®Bt i † ®BmTSgsG uM eJj ÇI yayeTogeTABs i arVyCamy Y Ka~

GgkarCanrNa ?

299

vaTSgGs' . eBlbrei PaKVyTlm ' x u Ka~ ma~ k@ ' xrM kJk¥ny i aylbl ' agkh M s u rbs®' km u xn Á¬ . bEu" nm † anJk¥my Y sL M t ¨ fa – - bg®tvU lake' rOgGm∫ajm ' j i enHNa± ! ebb I gbeNa† y[Gk ~ T2 I dg w ®b yt & r~ ge®KaHdlC ' vI t i !. eBlVymanmb Ë˙ ya" gqa© j' bEu" ny † ayeTogelbsg w mn i cl U e®JHman karQc W abC ' aya" gxS¬ g nvU ≤ry i abfGmns u ß ´nbgbn ËÌ Exrµ EdlbeM rx I Sµ genH. eqø¬ txSµ gbeJaÇ re®bI EbrCasgt ˚ s ' gn i˚ Catri bsx ' n Á¬ eTAvj i . {Beu TaÏ eGy I ! Exrµ Cae®cn I nakm ' x u Ca®tvU rge®KaH eday®tvU eKvaysL M t ¨ eFV √I bdc U xn Á¬ KatC ' aåTahrN®_ sab' VnCaExrµ ®tvU nS®Ks Y arcakecal®sk u . enA´fe© nH, ceM JHxn Á¬ Katp ' aÊ lV ' neKGt{ ' n[ cHu dl´' fe© ®kayvang w eTACa ya" gemc " eTAvj i ? . cHu ceM JHGk ~ EdleKmn i sa le' naH vang w eTACaya" gNa eTAeTot ? . enAeBlenaHeTb I yayeTogylf ' a ehty u a" gdc U emc † VnCa Exrµ nSKa~ rte' cal®sk u . ema" g2resol yayeTogVn®tvU eKelk I Elg[rc Y xn Á¬ edm I ∫vI l i ®tLb' eTAkank ' n U xm Ê vj i edayedrI tampvˬ elx1 . cEM Nkkn U ®seI BArbsK ' at' eB lnagecjBs I alaeronmkdlk ' n U xm Ê manyayCm I a~ k®' Vbf ' a manLanmY yyn Y CHi eBj brmkcabm ' a† ynagnSykeTAVte' hy I !. nagyb M eNr†I elp I vˬ elx3 rtr' kma† ybeNr†I GtV ' yGtT ' k w . Âsd †I k * M s tT ' SgBrI nakE' mk " n U rvlE' t®Cs Y pvˬ Ka~ TrM SgEtVnCb Y Ka~ ema" gCag5la© c eTAehy I ˘˘˘ Emn " g i kn U manEtTk w EPk ~ eTCn M s Y sn M rY ng i cemy ¬I . enAeBlenaHkn U ®seI BArbsK ' atG ' ss ' gÙm w nagGgr√ ma† y®tvU Etcakec jB®I beTskmC ¨ı a . nagny i ayfa – - sm U Emk " T uM k u ct i y † n Y [esaH ! . bEu" ny † ayeTogenAEtraErk cgb ' nk † ar®sav®Cavbnc †i eTot . Katc ' gd ' g w fa eteI TAGnaKt yn Y haNy U e®bk I ll∫c i ya" gemc " eTAeTot edm I ∫®I tt Y ®ta ®beTskmC ¨ı a

[eBjklN ≈ :c∫ab' ebT I k w dk I mC ¨ı aenHmaneQaµ HCabk ' g ¨ ~ Epn

TB I P i Belak ehy I Gnr† CatV i nTTl Y sa lc ' ∫asf ' a nKrkmC ¨ı aCaTk w drI bs' Exrµ . cEM NkGk ~ Ct i xagEdlmanleM nACt i yayeTog ke* pl Ì I Qq U r r tm ' k srY cgd ' g w ehtp u l . e®JH®Kb@ ' Ka~ sa ly ' ayeTogc∫asf ' aKatC ' a®sEI s

GgkarCanrNa ?

300

nsc u rt i CaGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω arehteu mc " ky * n Y mkcabK ' atd ' akL ' anGJg wç ? . yayeTog®Kvk I ∫almanEtTk w EPk ~ Cn M y Y cemy ¬I . e®JHebP I reK Katr' k Jk¥mn i eXj I ebn I y i aykarBt i xa¬ ceKsma¬ b' ! Beu TaÏ ! Beu TaÏ !˘˘˘ ❑

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e n A ´ fT © 1 I 6-04-80 ema" g®bEhl9®Bk w m a n G tt I Gneu sny i eTakg ¨~ kgTB & Emk " hk &√ ß ng i CaGtt I Ggr kßrbse' laksn W -gk u" faje' Qaµ Hfac' e®TO g Gay®u bEhl30qS~ edrI cl U mkkank ' n U xm Ê rbsy ' ayeTog . fac' e®TOg {byayeTogedaynk w rlk w ®BmTSgsrM kT ' k w EPk ~ GaNt i KatE' dl®tvU ®J t®' Vs®' Ks Y arGsr' lg I ehy I mansPaB®krehmrhamya" genH . Etmy Y snH¨Ê e®kaymk fac' e®TOgEbrCaesc I jm w @ edaymanescke†I ®tkGrlay Camy Y edayeXj I faKate' nAmanvasna GaceKcpt u e®KaHc´®gåb®TB¥enH . mg I ng i ky Áµ kc * abe' pm †I srY sx u Tk u K ≈ a~ eTAvj i eTAmk . yayeTogcabG ' Fb i ∫a yerOgks M tr' bsK ' at' cabt ' SgB´I fT © 1 I 7-4-75rht U mkdl´' fT © 1 I 6-4-80 . lHu fac' e®TOgVnsa† bc ' bs ' B®√ Kbe' hy I [{byayeTogmg † eToteda yGaeNacGFm· . fac' e®TOgkc * abn ' T i anerOgpaÊ lx ' n Á¬ rbse' Kdc U teTA – - enA´fT © 1 I 7-4-75 xV ¨∆M necjpt u B®I sk u Exrµ ehy I . e®JHx®¨∆M tvU dl' evneFG √I gr kßelaksn W -gk u" faj' enATl I eM nArbse' lakEdlst ƒ i enAEk∫rvt† cnrÊ gßI ( ´®BnKr ) ‰eNaH . cEM NkyayeTogædN M g w enHPa¬ m Katm ' ankarreM Pb I ks * rY katf ' a– - { ! etvI asnarbse' laksn W -gk u" fajy ' a" gemc " eTA ? fac' e®TOg®Kvk I ∫al rc Y eTb I GFb i ∫aybne† Tot – - mg I eGy I ! nk w eTAKrY [sa† yNas' enAmn u eBlEdlGaemrk i Sgdkec jB´I ®BnKr eKmksG uM eJj ÇI elakCae®cn I elk I s[ uM elakePosxn Á ¬ eTAkan' shrdG Ω aemrk i my Y ry:sn i . elak®bEkkCadacx ' atmn i ®BmeTA e®JHela kCabc ' t i G † aNt i GasrU Exrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam . elakmn i dacc ' t i e† KcrtB ' n Y yksx u Etma~ k‰ ' geT . kg ¨~ my Y CvI t i rbse' lak

elakeFB √I lk i ml µ Hbgk ' c i k ç arpaÊ l'

GgkarCanrNa ?

301

xn Á¬ edm I ∫C I atC i anc i ç CaBei ssceM JHExrµ enAkmC ¨ ı ae®kam . egø√ g-hvU fU emevotkg u enA®sk u yn Y xagt∫g Ë ng i elak VneFk √I c i s ç n¥a Casma© tm ' y Y mancHu hteƒ lxaCamy Y Ka~ ya" g®tm w ®tvU manesckC †I aGaTf i a– - ebeI BlNaGaemrk i SgfyecjBeI votNamxagt∫g Ë yn Y ng i kmC ¨ı a e®kam®tvU TTl Y Cy & Cn M HesP µI aBKa~ . Ky W n Y yl®' Bm®bKls ' y &√ PaB ( Auto¨ ı ae®kam .l. nomie ) [Exrµ kmC enA´fT © 5 I -5-75 elakGnHÊ sarCaya" gxS¬ g e®JHsaƒ nkarNe_ nA®beT sevotNam E®bCaggt i Gnk Ï ar®cbk U ®cbl' dc U LanVkc ' gt Ë˚ . elaksn W g "uk f a j 'k *y k k ic çs n ¥ a e n a H m k B in it ¥ e m Il

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®bfy u pßge®BgeTArkCb Y egø√ g-hvU fU . eBlenaHxk ¨∆M †I kn U ®bsar®bs u rbs' elakk†I sG M gr√ elak[rte' Kcmy Y ry:s sn i . elak®Kvk I ∫alCn M s Y cemy ¬I . rc Y beNr†I kgm ' y Y CHi ecjVte' TA˘˘˘ - BrI ´fb © naÊ b' kn U ®bsar®bs u rbse' lakkp * ßge®BgeTArk“Bk u ekk µ ˘˘˘k* Vtx ' n Á¬ rht U eTAeTot . b´I fm © keTot K´W fT © 1 I 0-5-75 evotkg u cl U mkcabx ' ¨∆M nSykeTAdake' xa~ H enAextd † aNSg Camy Y CnCaty i n Y mancn M n Y 11mn uW nak' . ny i aydlv' Ke nH fac' e®TOgkb * ga˙ jkeCg I EdlenAsls ' a¬ ksa~ mbNa† lmkBeI xa~ HenaH[ yayeTogeXj I CaPst ¨† ag . rc Y ny i aybne† TAeTot – - lHu dlE' xkJaÔ qS~ 1978 evotkg u ke* daHElgGk ~ eTasEdlCabe' xa~ H e n A e x td † a N S g e hy I EdledrI Vn[vl i ®tLbe' TAkanl ' eM nAerog@xn Á ¬ vj i cEM NkGk ~ eTasCt i my Y mn uW nakE' dledrI mn i rc Y evotkg u nSykeTAdakk ' g ¨~ CrM M my Y eQaµ H Trai Bo KC W rM M «var» KT W k u [sa¬ bk ' g ¨~ CrM eM naHeTA ! . - lHu xe¨∆M cjBT I d I ake' xa~ HenaHmk eTb I xd ¨∆M g w faelaksn W -gk u" fajs ' a¬ b' tSgB´I fT © 8 I -8-77 enAkg ¨~ Kk u Ch I a"√ . ®bCaCnyn Y k†I Exrµ k†I eTaHVnrc Y ecjBm I nrÊI XX uM Sgke* day kK * aµ nesrI PaBEdr . ®Kb@ ' Ka~ mkdlT ' l I eM nA k®* tvU yn Y haNy U tamdan®Kbd ' egm ˙ I ecjcl U . deU cH~ ®Kb@ ' rb U CaBei ssyn Y xagt∫g Ë kB M g u ´llksk U Vn " [ ' mas dle' votkg u rc Y eFT √I k U dakm ' a" sn uI pßge®Bgrtq ' g ¬ mhasm®u TmktamecAha√ y naycasK ' W VrSgng i Gaemrk i Sg . fac' e®TOgbne† TAeTotfa – - yn Y xagt∫g Ë Qc W t i N † as' EdlbeNa† y[xn Á¬ caje' Vkyn Y haNU yxk M ∫te' cAha√ ynayVrSg ng i Gaemrk i Sg edm I ∫m I kbeM rvI a . e®JHkarEdl

GgkarCanrNa ?

302

yn Y h a Ny U VnQH~ elV I r S g k†I e lG I a e m rk i Sgk†I ke* ®JHEtenAeBlenaH yn Y xagt∫g Ë CaGk ~ eFc √I arkc i [ ç va . ≤LvË xkxc U ct i G † ss ' g Ùm w xb M eM rvI aGsr' y:eBl30qS~ ehy I e n A Tb I p M t u yn Y haNy U beJaœ tnSykeTAdakK ' k u dake' xa~ HeTAvj i .l. eqø¬ t{kasEd lyn Y kB M g u Etclacl sk U Vn " y ' n Y haNy U edayrtr' jr¨I ´je" naH xk ¨∆M r* t' mkkan®' beTskmC ¨ı aenAcg u ExFq Ë~ S~ 1979 . kg ¨~ Exmn I aqS~ 1980 xV ¨∆M nCb Y elakeKog-e®TOg CaGtt I vr:eesny i ‰kk¨~ gkgTB & Emk " hk &√ ß ng i elak®TvI -cvU CaGtt I Gneu sny i ‰kkg ¨~ kgTB & ma" rn I Gaemrk i SgenA´®BnKr . elakeTb I ng w rc Y ecjBK I k u enAhaNy U Camy Y ng i Gneu sny i eTaBrI nake' Tot ePc ¬ eQaµ H . ®km u x5 ¨∆M nak' s®&µ Kct i c † l U beM rrI Crbx EdlmanelakeKog-e®TOgCaemdk w nSe®kambJaÇ karrbs®' sm I a~ k' Edlman Tc I atk ' arenAkNa† lrdF Ω anP I eM~ Bj . ®km u xm ¨∆M anKa~ 5nak' eFk √I arCamy Y elakeKog-e®TOg e®kambJaÇ karpaÊ lr' b s®' sm I a~ ke' nAPeM~ Bj . Ts I a~ kk ' arsma© tr' bse' yg I tSgenAe®ty I xagekt I Tene¬ mKg . ®seI mbJaÇ karVnpl † m ' as[Bk Y eyg I cayvayxH¬ @ . enAedm I Ex emsaqS~ 1980 elake®TOgTTl Y Vnmas5dL M g w B®I BEM dnExrµ -´f . mn i Tan' VnVnCb Y CEuM ckKa~ enAeLy I ®sabE' tbd U y U mkBT & c Ï abe' lake®TOg ng i Gnu esny i eTaBrI nak' enaHykeTAVt' . cEM Nkelak®TvI -cvU rvlE' teTACb Y Gk ~ ®seI mbJaÇ karFeM nAPeM~ BjkV * tx ' n Á¬ rht U ˘˘˘. cEM Nkx@ ¨∆M Cabb ' eM Bjebskkmeµ nAE®Bktamak' . dg w xn Á¬ Tank ' r* te' Kc mkkane' xte† JFs i at' enA´fT © 1 I 4-4-80 manbN M gcl U beM rrI ˘C˘r˘b˘x˘enATI enaH . mkdle' xte† JFs i at' sa© te' ®cob BeI ®JHrCrbxexte† JFs i atn ' g i ext† kB M gq ' S~ g manekt I åb∫te†i htm u y Y dc * Emk ¬ . erOgrav" mandc U teTAenH – ‹ enAyb´' fc © l U qS~ Exrµ T1 I 3-4-80 Gk ~ dk w nSrCrbx´nextT † SgBrI Vn rb Y rm Y Ka~ eFB √I F i C I be' logmy Y ya" gFM edaycatG ' eJj ÇI em@bd U y U mksp uI k w kg ¨~ ny & ng w catk ' arsma¬ bB ' k Y va[Gs' . em@bd U y U kc * l U mksp uI k w tamesckG †I eJj ÇI ya" gsb∫ayrk I ray . 5naTm I n u eBlkN M t' Edlemdk w nSrCrbxbrM g u ng w catk ' arcabc ' gem@bU dy U TSgenaH ®sabE' tmanbd U y U ya" ge®cn I cl U m k BT & c Ï a bG ' k ~ dk w nSrCrbx Tane' Blmn u dc U Vne®BogTk u . vacabV ' nBk Y rCrbxmancn M n Y Cag500nak'

GgkarCanrNa ?

303

ehy I nSykeTAVtr' ht U ˘˘˘ fac' e®TOg®Kvk I ∫alfrË© rG@ U fl fa – - xq ¨∆M l © E' snql © ' e®JHmn i dg w Caya" gemc " kb * d U y U BEU kykkarNe_ mH"¬ ? xk ¨∆M b * nd † eM NrI eTAkane' xtV † td ' b M g manbN M gmkbeM rrI CrbxenAexte† nH . ybm ' j i enH xe¨∆M TACb Y emdk w nSrCrbx EtbnaÊ bB ' V I nsa† bs ' d M G I t Y Gagxs u TM ngrbsG ' se' lakem@enaHmk xk ¨∆M Q * bT ' k u ct i e† hy I Gss ' gÙm w rlg I eFg. yayeTogsrY fa – - emc " VnCaGc I g w eTAvj i ? - e®JHmanerOgdc * Emk ¬ my Y Edlekt I eLg I enA´pk Ê g ¨~ ®km u dk w nS . enA yb´' fT © 1 I 3ng i 14ExemsaqS~ 1980 eqø¬ teBlcl U qS~ Exrµ elakLay-sa mn u" ecAha√ yextE† dlyn Y eTb I bJn ËÇ mkBh I aNy U catG ' eJj Ç I em@rCrbx eTAextV † td ' b M gTSgGs' [cl U rm Y kg ¨~ BF i C I be' logmy Y e®cogrSGsr' y:eeB l2ybe' dm I ∫c I gmt i P † aB . lHu cbB ' F i eI nHehy I elakLay-samn u" Efg ¬ CaåLark w fa elaksF u M ana dk w Ggr˚ dk w es∫øg®Kb@ ' CB M k U pl † [ ' kgTB & rCrbx ®Kb@ ' kEng ¬ kg ¨~ extV † td ' M bgTSgml U .

elaksEuM tmt i @ † em@rCrbx®VbT ' k I Eng ¬ ng i cn M n Y kgTB & Et

beu" Naˆ H .l. ng i .l. fac' e®TOgny i aydl®' tm w eNH ke* gb I mx u smg w ¬ yayeTog ®BmTSg ny i ayfa eTb I ®Bk w enHxm ¨∆M krkCb Y mg I edm I ∫s I euM yabl' . lHu æbJa˙ enHehy I yayeTogGgy ¨ Kt i my Y snH¨Ê Katk ' e* qy ¬ I fa – - KrY [cEmk ¬ Emn@ dN M akk ' arCadb M g U rbsr' Crbx K®W tvU EtkeM Tcyn Y haNy U ng i Gayg " rbsv' a edm I ∫rI eM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı a . sB´√ f© bd U y U sV u I yva lc ' an mb Ë˙ manEtprÊI ng i ®tkn Y esa© r bgE' tGb M l i . cHu ehteu mc † ecAha√ yext† Gayg " yn Y enH EbrCamanGgr˚ manes∫øg®Kb@ ' mx u dk w nSykeTApl † [ ' rCr bxmn i Tn M gEbbenH ? ‹ kll∫c i enHevotmj i e®bm I g † rc Y ehy I kalBq I S~ 1945 enA‰kmC ¨ ı ae®ka medaysma¬ bE' xrµ ya" gvvI k' . cEM NkenA‰®beTskmC ¨ı a kg ¨~ ry:eeBlEtmY y bd U y U Vncl U mktSgml U daΩ nenAJseBjedayykelsfa mkvay keM TcedjVrSg . EtKeW nAeBkenaHehy I Edlvabegt ˚I VnGayg " rbsv' aKW «Exrµ evotmj i » . lHu mkdlC ' n M any ' n Y haNy U Caevotkg u vanSkll∫c i enH mke®beI Tot .

GgkarCanrNa ?

304

‹ eml I cHu ! vaxb M egt ˚I eQaµ HGgk  arGnamk i rc Y mkGgk  arenHkb * egt ˚ I eya Fa®sLajs ' emc † “ mancn M n Y 40,000nak' [keM Tcsma¬ bE' xrµ ln' nl' Ed lCamaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ı aBt i @ . lHu VnTTl Y Cy & Cn M HCasaƒ Brehy I Ggk  ark* ®bml U eyaFaTSgGs' bJn ËÇ cl U ck M Na† lGnaÊ kE' xße®tomrbsb ' d U y U [va Vjs ' ma¬ be' calGsr' lg I . fac' e®TOgeJleLg I fa – - Beu TaÏ @ xV ¨∆M næerOgenHEdr . xq ¨∆M l © E' snql © e' ®JHeBlenaHyn Y Ca e v o t kg u m a n TB & cn M n Y my Y l a nn ' a k ' m a n b e ck ç e T s E pk ~ x a g e Fs √I Âga mya" g ®tm w ®tvU cEM NkEpk ~ GavF u manya" ge®cn I . f a c' e ® T O g e r o b r a bB ' c I n M n Y G a vF u ng i cn M n Y e s ∫ ø g G a h a r r b sT ' B & yn Y haNy U dc U EdltaGagVnerobrab®' Vby ' ayeTogrc Y mkehy I ˘˘˘ cEM Nk‰eyaFaExrµ ®khmmancn M n Y 4mn uW nak' . VnQH~ Exrµ ln' nl' eday´cdn¥ deU cH~ Kaµ nGC √I aGsaç r¥esaH . ehteu mc " kG * gk  arbJn Ë Ç eyaFaTS genaH eTAreM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı ae®kam ? ma~ k@ ' saı y®KabE' tmy Y sJ M y ng i kSeP¬I gmy Y edm I rc Y edrI efrµI eCg I ya" genaH ? . lHu TTl Y dN M g w fa eyaFaExrµ ®kh mTSgGse' naH ®tvU bd U y U Vjs ' ma¬ be' calexc Ê xk ¨∆M p * n † aÊ fa « gabG ' se' TAcHu » e®JHxm ¨∆M n i Vndg w fa enHCaåVyklrbsG ' gk  arGnamk i eLy I . yayeTogsmg w¬ mx u fac' e®TOg®BmTSgbJaÇ kf ' a– - Kaµ nesø~ tG®√I besrI Cagesø~ tenHeLy I . eml I cHu ! kalB´I fm © n u Gg karGnamk i e®beI sø~ tenH sma¬ be' yaFa®sLajs ' emc † “ . ≤LvË yn Y haNU ykB M g u EtnSykesø~ tdEdlenHmke®bI edm I ∫s I ma¬ bk ' eM TcrCrbxeTAGnaKteTot . deU cH~ ebeI yg I eCOEt®tecokng i EPk ~ eyg I eXj I fayn Y lN Ì as' . EtebeI yg I ecH®tHi rHi Bc i arNang i e®bobeFob eyg I GacrkeXj I ya" ggaynvU kll∫c i ®kLc i ®kLc ¨ EdlmanCab®Jaç sC ' abeNa† y d®* kxk √ G ' a®kke' Xar eXArbsv' aenH . fac' e®TOgfrË© rG@ U fl fa – - eteI yg I eFy √I a" gemc " eTA eb®I km u rCrbxextV † td ' b M gkB M g u EtbeNr†I Ka~ cl U GnaÊ kr' bsy ' n Y haNy U ya" genH ? sa† yeGy I Esnsa† y˘˘˘ ebd I g w ya" genHehy I eteI Fe√I mc †" eTA ? ebeI yg I mg I -ky Áµ xH√ smtP ƒ aBya" genH ? fac' e®TOgGgy ¨ paÊ ld ' { I bk∫alCgg  s ' Jg wÇ Kt i my Y snH¨Ê FM eTb I sb u M bY lmg I eTogcakecjecal®beTskmC ¨ı aeTAkan®' beTs´f . yayeTogTn U aµ

GgkarCanrNa ?

305

nfac' e®TOgfa – - KrY ky Áµ eKcecjeTAkanb ' reTssn i cHu cEM Nk‰mg I mg I ®tvU EtenAk¨~ g®sk u Exrµ e®JHmg I maneKalbN M gcg®' sav®Cavrkeml I kll∫c i rbsy ' Y nhaNy U teTAeTot .mg I cgd ' g w faetG I eM NHI teTAmx u vang w eFy √I a" gemc " eTo t edm I ∫eI lbykTk w dk I mC ¨ı a [Vnya" ggaydc U ebHEpB ¬ ®u TaTy uM a" genaH ? m¥a" gvj i eTot mg I cgd ' g w fa etvI aeFy √I a" gemc " eTot edm I ∫®I tt Y ®ta®beTsExrµ [®sbc∫abG ' nr† Cati ? ebm I g I ®sav®CavrkeXj I mg I ng w sresrTk u Ca®bvts †i aÂs† Cn U kn U Exrµ CM nane' ®kay@ CaBei ssTk u srM abG ' naKtGk ~ dk w nS®beTsExrµ edm I ∫[ I ecH®bu g®byt & x ~ n Á¬ kb uM eNa† y[caje' Vjyn Y haNy U dc U emdk w nSmn u @ . k[ uM ®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ rgTk u e≈ vTnadc U Gk ~ ekt I Cn M ane' nH[esaH ! . fac' e®TOgedrI mk{byayeTog ®BmTSgny i ayfa – - eKalbN M grbsm ' g I ®besrI Emn@ ! bEu" nx † m ¨∆M ankarVrmd ∏ lG ' ayC u vI t i rbsm ' g I Nas' e®JHGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω ardc U mg I Gc I g w manVtx ' n Á¬ xH¬ @eTAehy I deU cH~ sm U mg I ®byt & x ~ n Á¬ mg I [EmnETn . ´fe© nHema" g®bEhlbrI esol e®kayeBlVyla© crc Y fac' e®TOgk* sB M Hsl uM amg I eTogecjdeM NrI eTAkan®' beTs´f˘˘˘ ´fT © 1 I 3-5-80 ema" g®bEhlmy Y resol manGtt I vr:esny I e_ TaEmk " hk &√ ß ng i Gtt I embJaÇ karenAGrU sadasextV † td ' b M gma~ ke' Qaµ HKm I -hrY Ca ky Áµ rbsy ' ayeTog edrI cl U mkkank ' n U xm Ê rbsK ' at' . eBlVnCb Y Ka~ Ca´cdn¥ya" genaH ke* lat{bKa~ esc I mn i ecjym M n i ec j mg I ng i ky Áµ kan´' dKa~ KSgmatr' kJk¥ny i ayKaµ n . my Y snH¨Ê FeM Tb I elak Km w -hrY ekoksaµ ma† ymg I beNr†I eTAkanC ' eNr†I mx u kn U xm Ê rc Y G gy ¨ srY sx u Tk u K ≈ a~ eTAvj i eTAmk . e l a k Km w -hrY lHu Vnsa† be' rOgdk * s M t´' nkarnri as®Jt®' Vsr' bsm ' g I cbs ' B®√ Kbe' hy I k{ * bma† ymg I mg † eTot ®BmTSgsrM kT ' k w EPk ~ e®cak@˘˘˘. my Y snH¨Ê e®kaymk elakkc * abn ' T i anerOgrbse' lakdc U teTA – mn u ®Bt w k †i arN´_ fT © 1 I 7-4-75cn M n Y 1Ex x®¨∆M tvU rbs Y ya" gFn © e' nAGrU sadas . ®ksg Y kgTB & kd * k w xt ¨∆M amåTm Ï a∏ Kc®knSykeTAedkeBT¥®BHektm u ala PeM~ Bj . enA´fT © 1 I 7-4-75 ema" g1resol Ggk  arGnamk i ecjbJaÇ edjGk ~ CmW©

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306

Gk ~ rbs Y ng i Gk ~ Bk i arcn M n Y 2mn uW nak' [cakecjBm I nrÊI eBT¥CabnaÊ n' . xk ¨∆M T * b' xn Á¬ ng w eQ®I ct' bneM¬ drI Camy Y ®bCaCntampvˬ Catei lx1 manbN M grte' Kc eTAkan®' beTsevotNamxagt∫g Ë . eBlenaHtampvˬ Catei lx1 man®bCaCnng i Lanya" gENnNant ' ant ' abe' cosKa~ mn i rc Y . enA´fT © 2 I -5-75 xk ¨∆M * eTAdlP ' m U G i k ~ elOg xT ¨∆M Tl Y Btm · anfa yn Y haNy U seM rceCaKCy & ®Kb®' K g ® b e T s e v o t N a m T S g ml U Cae®sc . deU cH~ x®¨∆M tvU EtBn Y l a kx ' n Á ¬ sN M ak' enAPm U ei nHsn i . xP ¨∆M r®km u Exrµ ®khmfa xC ¨∆M aKl U s I Q uI l Á~ cab®' tI cabG ' ng Ê ' tamLt Ë e_ nsaTenAqk ¨~ ®TU . xk ¨∆M P * rbEnm ƒ fa kB M g u cab®' t®I sabE' tman®Kabk ' S ePg ¬I my Y ehrI mkceM PA¬ x¨∆M xk ¨∆M m * anrbs Y ya" gFn © e' nH . xe¨∆M cHe®Jk®VCt ∆ amfa n:C CaeCg I Ql Á~ CaKl U I jS¨ g[vaeCOKaµ nsgßy & fa xC ¨∆M aemTahaneLy I . x¨∆M maneTBekasl¥ecHl∫c i cabG ' ng Ê y ' a" gbn ui ®bsb' . Exrµ ®khmkd * akT ' s i x[ ¨∆M cabG ' ng Ê e' nAmatT ' enC ¬ t i kB M gc ' mg ¬ Gk ~ elOg EdlCapvˬ ecjcl U B®I sk u Exrµ eTA´®BnKr˘˘˘ kg ¨~ qS~ 1975 xV ¨∆M neXj I edaypaÊ lE' Pk ~ nvU Bk Y nayTahanevotkg u cl U mkkan®' beTskmC ¨ı a edrI ®bml U GaNk i Cnyn Y dk w nSeTAkan®' sk u vaCahrU Ehr . ral@ ' ybx ' V ¨∆M neXj I Lan Peugeots 404 ng i Mercedès Cae®cn I ry e®KOgteM robCaCrY cSbrcHu kg ¨~ saLagenAE®BkGk ~ elOg edm I ∫q I g ¬ Tenb ¬ Jn ËÇ eTAkan®' sk u yn Y CahrU Ehr . cabt ' SgBq I S~ 1975dlq ' S~ 1977 ral@ ' ybm ' anLankamg ¨∆" Cae®cn I bT i VM g ® K b Ct i dk w ®TB¥sm∫tn †i KrExrµ mkQbk ' k kj u r gc ' ScHu saLagenAkB M g' cmg ¬ Gk ~ elOg edm I ∫d I k w eqaı HeTATs i Etmy Y . enAcg u qS~ 1977 Caerogral´' f© xE¨∆M tgeXj I Lankamg ¨∆" Cae®cn I dk w eQI manTa√ r bgc ÁÌ tu TU ekAGI ka† rexon . LanTSgenaHKaµ nbT i Vg M Ge√I T xG ¨ ∆ M acemI leXj I c∫as@ ' nvU ≤vanG ' se' naH EdlBk Y vadk w ykeTACahrU Ehr˘˘˘ eBlenaHyayeTogcab´' dky Áµ ®BmTSgny i ayfa – - KeW ®JHEtya" genHehy I VnCaGgk  arecjbJaÇ edj®bCaCnExrµ kg ¨~ my Y nKr[fyecjBT I l I eM nA ng i fy[qa© yCag2K˘m˘Bf I l ~ C ' ati ng i Bd I g sg wÊ . { ! Exrµ VnlHbge' cal®TB¥sm∫ty †i a" ge®cn I ≤tKNna edm I ∫T I k u [yn Y eTetI ! . Ggk  are®beI sø~ tenH®besrI Nas' . rc Y vabJn ËÇ evotkg u Ca®km u @ xH¬ edrI

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307 bn ¬ d ' k w CJn ËÇ eTAkan®' sk u yn Y edayesrI . Epn

karrbsy ' n Y evotmj i ®JgTk u bn ¬ ®' TB¥sm∫t´†i n®beTsExrµ enH mg I Vndg w c∫ast ' SgBq I S~ 1948mkemH¬" EdlvaVnny i ayfa – - ebeI Fs √I Âga mCamy Y Exrµ QH~ VneFe√I sc † cajV ' neFC √I aesdIΩ . bcb ¨ç ∫ne~ nH yn Y haNy U Bn Y Etkg ¨~ Tg I gt i edaye®bEI teQaµ HGgk  ar va Gacbn ¬ ®' TB¥sm∫tn †i KrExrµ ykeTAeFC √I aesdV IΩ nEmn . vaseM rcEpnkarrb sv' aVnya" gsaÌ t ®BmTSglakk ' arNV _ nya" gCt i dEdl˘˘˘ elakGtt I vr:eesny I e_ TaKm w -hrY cab´' dma† ymg I ®cVc®' sal@ ®BmTS gbJaÇ kf ' a– - xk ¨∆M y * ld ' c U mg I GJg wç Edr˘˘˘ deU cH~ xs ¨∆M nd ~i aΩ nfa Ggk  arGnamk i Ky W n Y ha Ny U . eBlenaHmankn U ecArbse' lakKm w -hrY 7nakk ' c * l U mkdl' VnnSyk mkCamy Y nvU mb Ë˙ cN M I edm I ∫®I ss®' sb U Vyla© cenAEk∫rkn U xm Ê yayeTog . cEM NkelakKm w -hrY Ebrmkxßb i mg I eTogfa ®km u elakmanKa~ 36nak' s®&µ Kct i v† l i ®tLbm ' kkan®' beTsExrµ edm I ∫eI robcEM pnkarkeM Tcyn Y haNU y edm I ∫rI eM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı a . enAextV † td ' b M g ®km u xm ¨∆M anbN M gsm U catE' tgtSgmg I Ca®bFansma© t' CaExßry:s srM ab®' km u xe¨∆M cjcl U . rNsri ßenHeK[eQaµ Hfa r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ Ed lmanelaksn W -sanCa®bFan . ≤LvË enHeyg I manbNH¨† Exßry:J JseB j®beTsExrµ rc Y ehy I . em@dk w nSsT u EÏ tCa®s@ I . enAextV † td ' b M genH ®km u xm ¨∆M amescks †I gÙm w ya" gmSBc I ma© yceM JHmg I ˘˘˘ elakKm w -hrY smg w¬ ma† ymg I cSsa† bc ' emy ¬ I ˘˘˘ yayeTogeqy ¬I Pa¬ medaymn i VcK ' t i – - ky Áµ sL M ajm ' g I eGy I ! mg I sa† yNasn ' vU escke†I se~I nH Etmg I mn i TTl Y eT . esckb †I dei sFrbsm ' g I eTog jS¨ g[elakKm w -hrY ql © y ' a" gxS¬ g . e®JHelakFa¬ bd ' g w ct i K † n M t i mg I EdlCaÂsm †I a~ kF ' a¬ bd ' Hu sts i m∫CJ:Ô ya" gmu tesh ~ aCati CaBei ssKate' cHCy Y Exrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam Kats ' a lc ' ∫ass ' ®tvU srY BC U rbsE' xrµ . Etehteu mc " eBlenH kK * atm ' n i Cy Y åbtm ƒ r∏ CrbxGJg wç ? elakKm w -hrY kB M g u ql © ' ®sabE' tyayeTogTn U aµ nfa – - ky Áµ sL M ajm ' g I eGy I ! kG uM albeNr†I Ka~ edrI cl U GnaÊ kx ' Sµ g ! eyg I mn i

GgkarCanrNa ?

308

GaceFk √I ar®bqSgceM JHyn Y h a Ny U enAe®kam®cmHu vagay@ya" genHVneT e®JHvamankll∫c i ®kLc i ®kLc ¨ Nas' . eml I cHu ! eyg I æEtfaExrµ c∫Sg Camy Y Exrµ ! eyg I eXj I EtExrµ ®khmsma¬ bE' xrµ ˘˘˘ ®sabE' tyn Y haNy U cU lmklk u ly u ®beTsExrµ Vnya" ggaydc U ebHEpB ¬ ®u TaTeuM TAvj i . KvW ae®bI Etkll∫c i Kaµ nQbK ' aµ nQr˘˘˘ eBlenaHbry i akasEsnGabG ' rY mg I ng i ky Áµ eFm √I x u eseµI rOg@xn Á¬ ˘˘˘cEM N k Gk ~ G gy ¨ sa† bT ' S g G sk ' K * aµ nnrNaeBjct i c † eM JHeyablr' bsy ' ayeTo geT . ®Kb@ ' Ka~ manTk w mx u st Á© . yayeTogcab´' dky Áµ Km w -hrY ®BmTSgny i a yEvkEjkbne† TAeTotfa – - enH ! Cadb M n U aµ nrbsm ' g I ceM JHky Áµ Km w -hrY paÊ l' mn i Emnmg I ny i ay Capvˬ kareT !˘˘˘ BeI ®JHkg ¨~ ®Ks Y arrbse' yg I mns u ßcas@ ' Gk ~ ecHdg w ®tvU Gg karsma¬ be' calexc Ê Gse' TAehy I KeW nAslE' tmg I ng i ky Áµ enHeT . deU cH~ eyg I ®tvU EtecH®bg u ®byt & r~ kßaCvI t i sn i Na± .l. yayeTogesH¬ ®tm w hg w~ Katk ' e* ®kakedrI eTAerobVyTk w Cn U ky Áµ @Bs i ar . lHu Vyla© crc Y ema" g®bEhl6knH¬ ®km u s®&µ Kct i h † afl neFB √I lk i mb µ C U aCvI t i edm I ∫rI eM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı aBy I n Y ks * l uM ayayeTog rc Y bEM bkCrY eTAkanT ' eI dAerog @xn Á¬ . eBlenaHmanyvu CnBrI nake' kg µ @ mn i Tans ' l u M ayayeTogeT EbrCa smg w¬ mx u Kat®' BmTSgs®†I bmafKatf ' a– - ebm I g I mn i Cy Y ck U Cy Y EcveT sk uM y uM keCg I raTk w Na± ! . yayeTogmn i GakG ' nc ' t i n † g w Jk¥epn I xH√ karKrY smenHeT . Katj ' jm w Cn M s Y Jk¥cemy ¬I ehy I kn * k w kg ¨~ ct i s † resrI fa – - enHVncC M aGk ~ esh ~ aCatB i t i Emn – hafl nfahafl neF√I ! bEu" nK † rY [sa† y Nas' sgßy & EtbeNr†I Ka~ cl U kg ¨~ GnaÊ kx ' Sµ geTdg w ? GU± ! enHmkEtBK I a~ xH√ karBei saFn_ mn i Edlsa lf ' S~ ekA† mn i Edlsa lk ' ll∫c i yn Y haNy U ˘˘˘ cEM NkelakGtt I vr:esny I e_ TaKm w -hrY Ggy ¨ paÊ ld ' I {bk∫alCgg  ' k®M bn@ smm w¬ eml I mx u yayeTogrbse' lakmy Y snH¨Ê FM kB M g u Bc i arNanvU Jk¥Tn U aµ nrbsm ' a† ymg I . elakKm w -hrY GaNt i mg I rbse' lakxS¬ gNas' k®* skT ' k w EPk ~ rlg I relag ehy I e®kakedrI eTA{bma† ymg I ®BmTSgdG M j U fa - mg I CaTeI KarBeGy I ! Bt i Nase' hy I fa yn Y haNy U mankll∫c i ya" glt iÌ ln Ì ' xT ¨∆M Tl Y sa lG ' Jg wç Edr . eyg I mn i gayeFG √I @ √I ®bqSgng w vaenA

GgkarCanrNa ?

309

e®kam®cmHu vagay@VneT . bEu" nm † g I eGy I ! ky Áµ Qc W t i N † as' eBlenHky Áµ pßge®BgCacg u e®kaysakleml I . e®JHebeI yg I ecHEtenAesø© mbeNa† y[vavatTy I kTk w d®I sl Y @ya" genH eyg I Exrµ mankarxaµ se' Gonyn Y haNU yCa´®kElg . eyg I Exrµ ecHEtenAesø© m eTb I eyg I ®tvU Vtb ' gT ' k w dk I mC ¨ı ae®kammy Y nKr eTAehy I Kaµ nnrNat´dCamy Y vaesaH˘˘˘ mn u ng w sl uM a elakKm w -hrY Efg ¬ seuM Tasma† ymg I ceM JHJk¥epn I  ®teKaH eVHeVkxH√ karKrY sm´nkn U ecArbse' lakGm∫ajm ' j i enH . mg I ng i ky Á µ k* sl uM aKa~ TSgTk w EPk ~ rlg I relag®tm w eNH . ❑

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enAybe' naH yayeTogTTl Y TandeM Nkmn i lkT ' alE' tesaH KatB ' n Y edkkg ¨~ bnb Ê b ' gn  p ' aÊ lf ' µ k∫aleky I ´deqg √ ´dsS† Kgfa© s . Kat®' By Y Vrm∏ nvU karpßge®Bg´nky Áµ Km w -hrY rbsK ' at' . m¥" ageTot Katn ' k w ®s´meLg I vj i nvU kll∫c i rbsG ' gk  arGnamk i ng i kll∫c i rbsy ' n Y haNy U ®bml U yk mke®bobeFob ke* Xj I ky * l' KC W aesø~ tecjmkB®I bPBEtmy Y ˘˘˘. åTahrNd _ c U CarbbrbsG ' gk  ar cabt ' SgB´I fT © 1 I 7-4-75 dl´' fT © 1 I 9 -4-79 Ggk  arbegt ˚I Xatkr®V®M km u rc Y bEM bkdac@ ' edayELk@BK I a~ rb Y eTb I beJj ç [sma¬ bE' xrµ CadN M ak@ ' ng i kN M te' Blevlaya" g®tm w ®tvU ˘˘˘ et®I km u Na®tvU ecjenAeBlNa ®tvU sma¬ bE' xrµ Fn u Na .l. ng i .l. cEM Nk®km u Exrµ ®khmvj i Ggk  arbEM bkCa2nn i a~ karKW – ‹ Exrµ ®khmnn i a~ karExrµ man Exk-Ebn " ehAmt i s † Ufl ng i da-hn Ufl ehAmt i † vaj " Caedm I . ‹ Exrµ ®khmnn i a~ karyn Y man taEbt " ng i taekACaedm I . Ggk  arbEM bkeyaFaCaBrI ®km u KW – ‹ ®km u T1 I maneyaFaekg µ @ Gayeu ®kam15qS~ Edlmanem@kank ' a† bd ' k w nS CaGtt I ecar´®B . ‹ ®km u T2 I eyaFas®&µ Kct i b † C U aCvI t i beM rs I emc † “ mancn M n Y bn Y mn u W nak' . e®kay´fT © 1 I 7-4-75 Ggk  arecjbJaÇ hamXatC ' adacx ' at mn i [Cb Y bgbËÌ

GgkarCanrNa ?

310

nEm“ " …®bCaCnfeµI Ly I . cEM Nk®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ Ggk  arbEM bkCaBrI KW – ‹ ®bCaCncas' K®W bCaCnEdlVnbeM rG I gk  artSgB´I fT © 1 I 8-3-70mk emH¬" . ‹ ®bCaCnfµI K®W bCaCnEdlGgk  areTb I ng w Vnkank ' a† b'

enAe®kay´fT © I

17-4-75 ®BmTSgcatT ' k u dc U CaGk ~ eTaså®kd i T Ω SgGs' . ≤LvË eyg I ® k e L k e ml I yn Y h a Ny U cl U m k lk u ly u ratt∫at®beTs Exrµ vae®bk I ll∫c i dEdl edm I ∫b I EM bk®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ Cae®cn I ®km u edm I ∫g I ay®Kb®' Kg . ‹ ®km u T1 I CaGtt I Exrµ evotmj i …Gtt I Exrµ ®khmnn i a~ karyn Y Edlman ehg-srM n i , hn ufl -Esn, Ca-sm uI , taEbt " … ehg-Tav . ‹ ®km u T2 I KG W tt I Exrµ evotmj i Gtt I Exrµ ®khmnri tI . eXj I bd U y U brLa nedrI ®bml U nSykmkbJ M kG ' avF u [eLg I vj i rc Y dake' Qaµ Hfa « kgkmS¬ g®b dabG ' avF u ®bCaCnbdvi tn † k _ mC ¨ı a » . ‹ ®km u T3 I eyaFaExrµ ®khm®km u T3 I Edls®&µ Kct i k † eM TcskP †i m U i ng i c®k Bt†i emkank ' a† bP ' aKe®cn I CaCaty i n Y lc Y bnd M¬ ake' Qaµ HCaExrµ bcb ¨ç ∫nv~ l i ®tL bm ' ktSgml U daΩ nJseBj´®Bkg ¨~ ®beTsExrµ eLg I vj i e®by I eI haExrµ ®kh mdEdl . ‹ ®km u T4 I ®km u km u arQanmx u Edls®&µ Kct i k † eM TcExrµ ®khm ®km u enH manGayB u 1 I 8eTA25qS~ ebk I rM t i ®tm w qS~ 1993enH . xd ¨∆M g w c∫asf ' a sB´√ fe© nH man25mn u W nak' . ‹ ®km u T5 I ®km u bJvÔ n & e† kg µ @mansJaÇ tC i ayn Y lc Y bneM¬ FC √I aExrµ dakC ' a eQaµ HExrµ TSgGs' . ‹ ®km u T6 I Exrµ ≤sa¬ m ®km u enHsahavNas' . ‹ ®km u T7 I mancn M n Y 6mn uW nak' lakx ' n Á¬ ya" gsa© td ' ake' Qaµ HCaGafk · V M g M K®W km u bEgk Ì bdvi tn † _ . ®km u Exrµ Gayg " cN M ayfvk i amy Y ´f@ © Cae®cn I lanerolcJ i m wç ®km u hg w~ . K®W km u XatkrGafk · V M g M eTAGnaKt . KrY kts ' K M al' Ggk  ark†I yn Y haNy U k†I vacl U ratt∫atlk u ly u ®beTs Exrµ vae®beI sø~ tEtmy Y Kc W l U mkCadb M g U vamn i TanT ' k u ct i E† xrµ

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GgkarCanrNa ?

311

eml I cHu ! Ggk  arcl U lk u ®beTsExrµ kg ¨~ ry:10Exdb M g U vabeJj ç EtExrµ ® k h m nn i a~ karExrµ Kb W kßExrµ ®khmrbse' xov-sp M n ng i ® km u Exrµ ®khmekt I mkBeI car Exrµ ®khmenHseuI Carelatsma¬ b®' bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ vvI k' jS¨ g[®bCa raÂsE† xrµ Vks ' ∫atQbh ' afl nkeM rk I eTb I Ggk  arbeJj ç gtt I Exrµ evotmj i ®km u T1 I Ks W maCk i bkß®bCaCnbdvi tn † E_ xrµ . Ggk  arcatt ' SgCae®sc Ca®bFan shkrN_ CaKN:t tb M n' bnm † kCatN M agraÂs† . enAcg u qS~ 1977 Ggk  ar e Xj I raÂsE† xrµ ka¬ yCamns u ßma" sn uI Gse' hy I e Tb I G gk  a r b e Jj ç G tt I Exrµ evotmj i ®km u T2 I Kk W gkmS¬ g®bdabG ' avF u bdvi tn † ‰ _ kPaBrbsk ' mC ¨ı a . Ggk  ar bJaÇ [e®by I eI haExrµ ®khmnri tI . - ®km u enHmanParkc i rç m Y Camy Y ®km u XatkrGafk · V M g M ®tvU sma¬ bE' xrµ ®kh mnn i a~ karExrµ ®tvU sma¬ bK ' N:rrdm Ω Ân´†I nrdaΩ PV i lkmC ¨ı a®bCaFb i ety¥ .l. ≤LvË eyg I ®tvU KrY ®keLksmg w¬ eml I yn Y haNy U eBlvacl U lk u ly u ®beTsExrµ vaGnvu te† sø~ trbsG ' gk  ardEdl Vn®tm w ®tvU Vnht µ c ' t' . enAkg ¨~ qS~ 1979 yn Y haNy U cl U ratt∫at®beTsExrµ Cadb M g U mn i Tan' Tk u ct i e† lEI xrµ vakG * J M vnavrkExrµ Gk ~ ecHdg w sC uM y Y eFk √ I arva . eBlenaHman saÂsa† car¥Caedm I s®&µ Kct i c † l U beM rvI a . vakc * atE' tgtSgCaecA®ksg Y nana . enAextV † td ' b M g

vacatE' tgtSgyvu CnExrµ de* kg µ ma~ ke' Qaµ H s˘k˘t˘

Gay®u bEhl27qS~ [eFe√I cAha√ yextV † td ' b M g . bgbn ËÌ Exrµ eyg I eFs √ ®bEhsNas' [EtmanbN u ¥sk & e†i hy I kt * SgePc ¬ xn Á¬ Pa¬ m Kaµ necHe®bx I rY k∫a lBc i arNaTalE' tesaH . eBlenaHbry i akasEsnggt i Gnk Ï a eyg I mn i Tane' Xj I c∫asf ' anrNaTTl Y Cy & Cn M HenHeT ? e®JHeyg I ecjrc Y Bk I Na† b´' dGgk  ar eyg I EbrCacl U GnaÊ kr' bsy ' n Y haNy U eTAvj i . eyg I eXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ fa bd U y U kB M g u Et®bml U ®TB¥sm∫tE†i xrµ ®KbE' bb®Kby ' a" gdakL ' andw kecjedayesrI . e l a k @ E d l yn Y h a Ny U e lk I bnb ¨† [eFC √ I a e c A ® k sg Y nana manelak xH¬ st ˬ hs Y manelakxH¬ vayÚkhs Y xH¬ eLg I CeM narbN u ¥sk & †i ®sabe' rob kar®bBn2 Ï -3Pa¬ m . eBlerobkar®bBnn Ï m i y Y @ kn * Smt i P † kE†i dldace' JHrS Cae®cn I qS~ mkehy I enaH nSKa~ elatrSTlP ' W ¬ .l. eBlenaH®VkE' xCaGgr˚ kb M g u" Gb M l i kb M g u" . cEM Nk‰bd U y U Cayn Y haNy U sa© te' ®cob . vaeKarBvn i y & ng i Epnkarya" gxaÇ bx ' n ÁÇ . vabeNa† y[na mn uW Exrµ ®VkE' xrµ Ggr˚ kb M g u" -Gb M l i kb M g u" Qk ¬ b ' N u ¥sn i cHu .

GgkarCanrNa ?

312

nk w @eTAKrY [xaµ se' Gonyn Y haNy U Ca´®kElg . cEM Nkva@kB M g u smM© eFk √I arsma© tr' bsv' a EdlvamanKeM ragEpnkarTk u Cae®scrc Y mkehy I . eml I cHu ! bd U y U kB M g u ebk I brLanedrI ®bml U Gtt I Exrµ evotmj i ®km u T1 I ma nehg-srM n i , hn ufl -Esn, Ca-sm uI , taEbt " Caedm I nSykeTAbJ M kb ' N u ¥sk & †i Cald M abl ' eM day [catk ' arsma¬ bn ' g i kc M ayraÂsE† xrµ Camaç sT ' k w dB I t i @teTA eTot . bd U y U kB M g u e bk I b r L a n ® b ml U G tt I Exrµ evotmj i ® km u T2 I K®W km u Exrµ ®khm nri tI ng i eyaFaExrµ ®khmekg µ @Edlesssle' nArs' nSykeTAcJ i m wç rc Y bJ M kG ' avF u [eLg I vj i . ®bCaCnxH¬ @xH√ karBc i arNa EbrCayl®' cLs M aµ n Etyn Y haNy U cabE' xrµ ®khmTSgenaHnSykmkXX uM Sg . tamkarBt i eTA v a y k Bk Y e n H m k b Jl ËÇ kg ¨~ kgkmS¬ g®bdabG ' a vF u ®bCaCnbdvi tn † k _ mC ¨ı a e T A vj i eT . yn Y haNy U ´q®~ bDt i ®km u enH [eTACaecaredrI bn ¬ V ' js ' ma¬ bk ' c M ayra®sE† xrµ Cafm µI g † eTot sahavNas' KvW ae®beI sø~ tvayTk w kc M ay®tI Kaµ nesø~ tG®√I besrI Cagesø~ tenHeLy I . ebn I KrExrµ eTACanKrrbse' carya" genH raÂsE† xrµ Gss ' gÙm w bgc M≈ t i ®† tvU Et®bml U ®Ks Y arEdlesssle' nArsb ' nc †i bnc Á† enaH beNr†I Ka~ eTAkan®' beTs´f bnßlT ' k w dT I k u [yn Y haNy U . bd U y U kB M g u ebk I brLanedrI ®bml U ekg µ k®M JExrµ Gay8 u eTA14qS~ EdlGg karltd ' d M lk ' B M l U rc Y ehy I dk w nSecjB®I beTsExrµ va®Vbf ' a vanSeTAeron s®U tenAhaNy U . enHkC * aEpnkarGafk · V M g M rbsy ' n Y haNy U xr¨∆M ay " rab " r' c Y ehy I kg ¨ ~ ry : eBlmy Y qS~ kll∫c i e®beI sø~ tecarmanKN u PaB®besrI Nas' vaeXj I fa raÂsE† xrµ Kaµ n®btk i mµ Kaµ nåbsK & G  r√I arSgdlv' aeToteT e®JHeXj I EtbeNr†I Ka~ ecjecalTk w dC I ahrU Ehr .l. yn Y h a Ny U kc * abe' pm † I b e Jj ç Exrµ Gayg " rbsv' a ®Kb®' Kg®beTsExrµ [eBjelj . kg ¨~ ExemsaqS~ 1980 yn Y haNy U Vnebk I Gg® bCm uM y Y ya" gFk M g ¨~ v t † rd M l Y . Gg® bCeuM nH vacatG ' eJj ÇI ecA®ksg Y CaCatEi xrµ Bt i @kg ¨~ extV † td ' b M g TSgGs' man s˘K˘t˘ km * krm Y ®bCEuM dr . lHu Cb Y CK uM a~ e®scVce' hy I ke* Xj I yn Y haNy U ma~ kt ' c U TabetO mn i Fat'

GgkarCanrNa ?

313

mn i sm  mx u F®M cmHu kB M t i sks ' t ˬ katx ' ¬I Gay®u bEhl45qS~ esø¬ kJke' xAµ Es∫keCg I kgL ' an ecjmkQrkNa† lGg® bCuM rc Y cabe' pm †I Efg ¬ karNC _ a PasaExrµ ln M Svak¥sB & P Ê asaExrµ Cn M anr' bbGgk  arGnamk i TSgGs' . yn Y haNy U enH®bkasCaåLark i ®Vbe' cA®ksg Y CatEi xrµ TSgLayenaH ®BmTSgecAha√ yext† s˘K˘t˘ fa Gg® bC´uM fe© nHsrM abd ' kgarecA®ksg Y Na Edlman®bBnB Ï rI seM rcbJŒbm ' t i @ † TSgGse' naH[mn i [eFk √I arcabB ' ´I fE© sÌ kenHeTA . eBlenaHeXj I bd U y U ma~ kc ' l U mkxßb i Camy Y yn Y Ca®bFanGg® bCm uM y Y snH¨Ê ®bFanenHk®* keLkEPk ~ smg w¬ eTAtama~ k' rc Y elk I ´dcgl ¨Ì ®BmTSgsrY fa – yI ! mt i e† nHdc U Camn i EdleXj I ?. tamaXEdl®tvU yn Y cgl ¨Ì km * anGarmN µ t _ ks ' t ¨¬ sn ¬ e' sa¬ Caya" gxS¬ g . Kate' qy ¬I rdb i rdb u V˘˘˘T ! xe¨∆M Tb I mkBC I rM eM xAGd u I ag . yn Y ! vaecHGtF ' t µ l ' akB ' t u lN Ì as' . vabga˙ jnvU sb∫r¨ sFmC · anc i eç nA ceM jHmx u ®bCaCnya" ge®cn I kHu krenH . vasEM dgTk w mx u jjm w ny i ayTn' Pn ¬ e' TAkant ' amaXfa – - { ! mt i e† Tb I vl i ®tLbm ' k ! etm I ancHu eQaµ Hkg ¨~ bJeIÇ bk I Ggr˚ …enA ? . yn Y enHeVy´dehAyn Y ma~ k' CaGk ~ kanb ' JG ÇI gr˚ vabJaÇ [srY eQaµ H srY Tl I eM nA rc Y ebk I Ggr˚ [tamaX2KL I Ë . bEu" ne† ®kaymk2-3´f© tamaXGP& Be√ nH ®tvU yn Y ehAeTACb Y ehy I TSgBeI naHmk®tvU Vtx ' n Á¬ rht U ˘˘˘ ®Bk w Esk Ì yn Y haNy U beJj ç Exrµ Gayg " rbsv' acatE' tgtSgCae®sc CaecA®ksg Y nana mkCn M s Y sg w ®Kb@ ' ®ksg Y . yn Y haNy U beJj ç Exrµ Gayg " rbsv' ama~ ke' Qaµ H Lay-samn u " EtgtS gCaecAha√ yextV † td ' b M gCn M s Y s˘K˘t˘ . yn Y nSLay-samn u" eTAGbr' eM nA haNy U tSgBq I S~ 1963 . kg ¨~ ry:17qS~ eTb I yn Y bJn ËÇ [vl i ®tLbm ' kkan' ®beTskmC ¨ ı a e n A e dm I ExemsaqS~ 1980 Camy Y ® b B nC Ï a ty i n Y ® B m T S g kn U bI nak' . t S g BL I ay-samn u " e Lg I CaecAha√ yextm † k yn Y h a Ny U mn i b e Jj ç [edrI ebk I Gg® bCeuM ps † pa† seT . kalBI s˘K˘t˘enACaecAha√ yext† eKeXI jEtedrI ebk I Gg® bCJ uM seBjT®I kg u V td ' b M gedayesrI Kaµ neXj I nrNa yamkarJreLy I . cEM NkLay-samn u" eBlebk I Gg® bCm uM g † @

eKeXj I bd U y U rte' qq ¬ a¬

QryamkarJrya" ght µ c ' t' . eyg I EtgEteXj I yn Y haNy U edrI ebk I Gg

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314

®bCuM ®bkastSgxn Á¬ CatN M agecAha√ yext† rc Y vaBn¥lE' vkEjkmankn M Sva k¥sB & d Ê c U enAsmy & Ggk  ardEdl . ®Kb@ ' Gg® bCk uM g ¨~ rbbnm i y Y @ eKbg[ M≈ yayeTogeTAGgy ¨ sa† b' . deU cH~ KatV ' neXj I paÊ ln ' g w EPk ~ KatV ' nsa† bp ' aÊ l®' tecokdc U Ca – - enA´fT © 2 I 0-4-75 mt i s † n Ufl g i mt i s † y ufl CaExrµ ®khmnn i a~ karExrµ ebk I mhamT I j i enAsalaextV † td ' b M g. - enA´fT © 3 I 1-10-78 taEbt " ng i mt i l † eI bk I Gg® bCeuM nAkgelx3 Pm U i ´®Bsa√ yxaglc i . - enA´fm © y Y kg ¨~ qS~ 1979 s˘K˘t˘ebk I Gg® bCeuM nAvtr† d M l Y …vtl † ab . tamkarBn i t i ¥ng i e®bobeFobrbsx ' ¨∆M esø~ tenHecjmkB®I bPBEtmy Y . e®JHGgk  ark†I yn Y haNy U k†I ebvI asgßy & fakEng ¬ NaenAmane®KaHfa~ k' va bJ M kb ' N u ¥sk & [ †i Exrµ Bt i @mn i dg w x¥l' seuI Car VkG ' n M t Y elaµ PGN M ac cg' eFF √I M vabnb ¨† rc Y ®cank∫al[claclkEng ¬ enaHsn i . lHu vaeXj I fa kEng ¬ enaHVn®sl Y erobryKaµ nåbsK &  Kaµ ne®KaHfa~ kG ' e√I T vakc * atk ' ardkecj … sma¬ be' calPa¬ m rc Y vaecaTfaGeJHç …faGeJaç H . åTahrNd _ c U CaExk-Ebn " ehAmt i s † Ufl ng i s˘K˘t˘CaKrM U . m¥" ageToteyg I KrY Ettamdan . eml I cHu ! eTaHbEI xrµ Gayg " beM rvI apaÊ lC ' a Exrµ kg ¨~ Exßry:rbsv' ake* day vabJ M kb ' N u ¥sk & †i catE' tgtSgeFC √I anamn u W FM lHu VnbN u ¥sk & †i Pa¬ te' sø~ tePc ¬ eKarBlkN &≈ …ePc ¬ xn Á¬ bga˙ [vaeXj I nvU sts i m∫CJ:Ô esh ~ aCatEi xrµ Bt i @ yn Y haNy U bJaÇ [sma¬ be' calPa¬ m va Kaµ nraErkrkßaTk u bNa† l[xc U Epnkarrbsv' aeLy I . manCaåTahrNx _ H¬ @CakE' sg † dc U teTA – - ecAha√ yexte† somrab CaExrµ Gayg " rbsy ' n Y haNy U dN M alKa~ nw gLay-samn u" EdlvaVnbJn ËÇ mkehy I catE' tgtSgrc Y Cae®sc CaecAha√ yext† . lHu VneFe√I cAha√ yexte† hy I ®KanE' tPa¬ te' sø~ terobkarCamy Y ®sEI xrµ kg ¨~ Exmn I aqS~ 1980 e®kaybnc †i mk yn Y haNy U kc * abx ' n Á ¬ ykeTAV te' dayecaTfak∫tv' a . cEM Nk‰Lay-samn u" yayeTogVnTTl Y Btm · a ntamelak®Kb U e®gonma~ k' EdlePosxn Á¬ mkdl®' beTsVrSgenAcg u qS~ 19 85fa yn Y haNy U cabx ' n Á¬ enAedm I qS~ 1984 edayecaTfak∫tv' aEdr . kaEs teQaµ H«®sk u Ex» µ elx15 cHu ´fT © 1 I -1-86 ke* Xj I mancHu pßayBeI rOgyn Y cabx ' n Á¬ Lay-samn u " enHEdr .

GgkarCanrNa ?

315

enAT®I kg u Vtd ' b M g yn Y haNy U begt ˚I CrM B M rI F@ M srM abc ' J i m wç Exrµ ®khm nri tI EdlCaGtt I Exrµ evotmj i ®km u T2 I . - CrM T M 1 I st ƒi enAkg ¨~ brei vNGtt I FnaKar≤Nc ËÎ n i EdltSgenAEk∫rmnrÊI eBT¥FT M ®I kg u Vtd ' b M g. - CrM T M 2 I st ƒi enAkg ¨~ brei vNkg u s®uI sa tan' Vk " ' tSgenACt i pßarelI . mY y´f@ © manerobVymb Ë˙ [sB uI rI eBlya" g®Kb®' Kan' . ral@ ' ema" g3resol Exrµ ®khmTSgLayenaHbeNr†I Ka~ cHu eTAgt U Tk w sg wÊ Ehlelatelgya" g sb∫ay . cEM Nk®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ Camaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ ı a Bt i @ Edl®tvU TTl Y rge®KaH ®tvU ®Vs®' JtG ' s®' Ks Y ar KP W aKe®cn I ®tvU ®Jts ' a¬ b' . KEW xrµ ®khmnri teI nHCa Gk ~ sma¬ b' . ≤LvË ®Kb@ ' rb U kB M g u GtV ' y GtT ' C I rM k . py ¨Ê eTAvj i ehteu mc † Exrµ ®khmnri tC I aXatkr EbrCamankaråbtm ƒ T ∏ n M k u brM g u By I n Y haNy U Vn TTl Y escks †I x u ®besrI Cagxn Á¬ ? . KrY [cEmk ¬ Nas@ ' ! kb * bl Y Ka~ eTAQr eml I Exrµ ®khmkB M g u sV uI y kB M g u elatelgEhlTk w sg wÊ ya" gsb∫ay . bEu" n®† tvU bd U y U CaGk ~ QryamExrµ ®khmenaH edj[fyecj . deU cH~ ra®s† Exrµ xg w ng i ekA† ®khayNas' kC * naÊ lE®skeCrBc I ma© y .l. cEM NkExrµ nri tvI aesc I eF®√I Begy I ®BmTSgeqy ¬I cG M k[fa – - mt i e† Gy I eCrsn i cHu ! Etdlm ' t i ®† tLbe' TApHÊ …eTAxm Ê vj i keuM Pc ¬ lag ® k L r gc ' S N a ± ! e ® J H e yg I ®tvU eTAeFp √I k Ì s a cm ' ns u ß my Y e lk I eTotNa˘± ˘˘ mt i @ † eyg I mksrM ak[mankmS¬ gsn i eTNa± ! . kg ¨~ Exkkd ˚ aqS~ 1979 ´fm © y Y manbru sma~ kl ' d I avmy Y ya" gmt u eTABk Y lb QrenAe®ty I sg wÊ xagekt I

smk ¬ s ' mg w¬ Exrµ ®khmnri tk I B M g u gt Y Tk w sg w Ê enA

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GgkarCanrNa ?

316

Edlcabc ' gb“ †I Emb " gbn ËÌ rbsn ' agnSykeTAsma¬ be' calTSgGs' . kg ¨ ~ ®KY sarrbsn ' ag manEtnagma~ k‰ ' gKtr' tr' c Y sle' nArs' . nagya" skanK ' l' Bg I Bgm ' y Y rc Y eTAQrrgc ' SenA®tgp ' vˬ eLg I ®cSgsg wÊ e®ty I xaglc i e®kamedI msa√ yFB M rI edm I ck M ac®' Cg u mnrÊI eBT¥FV M td ' b M g. lHu emExrµ ®khmCaXatkreLg I Bs I g wÊ mkdlk ' Eng ¬ enaH nagya" svay sB M gsa¬ bP ' a¬ mmy Y reM BC . cEM Nkyn Y h a Ny U dg w erOgenHPa¬ m ke* qq ¬ a¬ ebk I Gg® bCeuM nA®Kb@ ' T®I b CC uM nPa¬ m . yayeTog®tvU VneKehA[eTAGgy ¨ sa† bk ' g ¨~ Gg® bCm uM y Y ‰vt† rd M l Y . ®bFanGg® bCC uM ayn Y haNy U ragTabetO mx u FM ®cmHu kB M t i skk ' atx ' ¬I Gay®u bEhl45qS~ . vany i ayEvkEjkCaPasaExrµ ya" gc∫asf ' a– - eyg I evotNams®&µ Kct i b † C U aQam®sss ' ac®' ss' xeM FB √I lk i mm µ k Cy Y bgbn ËÌ Exrµ xEM FG √I nr† aKmn[ _ Qbk ' abs ' ma¬ bK ' a~ bEu" nm † anbgbn ËÌ Exrµ xH¬ @ mn i TanC ' rM Hu …lHbgd ' ac®' sLHnvU Kn M p uM aÊ lx ' n Á¬ nvU karQc W abn ' ana enAEtcg' sgsk w Ka~ eTAeTot KrY [sa† yNas' . eBlenH eyg I xe¨∆M votNamsG uM gr√ ct i b † gbn ËÌ Exrµ st uM Sgct i G † t{ ' nKa~ ®tvU ecHlHbgK ' n M p uM aÊ lx ' n Á¬ edm I ∫k I sagkmC ¨ı afµI . ebeI nAEtbnk † arsma¬ bs ' gsk w Ka~ GJg wç eTAeTot ˘˘˘Gse' hy I Exrµ . yn Y haNy U Tn U aµ ndeU cH~ K®W bmafExrµ eyg I Ca´®kElg . eyg I Exrµ nk w eTAKrY [xaµ se' GonvaNas' ! . karBt i vacl U mkB®gg w B®gk I bJ M ke' KalCM hr CrM j u Gtt I Exrµ evotmj i CaGayg " rbsv' a [sma¬ bk ' c M ayraÂsE† xrµ Camaç s' Tk w dk I mC ¨ı aBt i @eTetI . lHu manekt I GBt Ë∏ ehtk u abs ' ma¬ bE' xrµ ®khmnri tB I rI naky ' a" genH yn Y ha Ny U bJaÇ [bd U y U ykma" sn uI bm U Tk w Bs I g wÊ mkdlC ' rM M [Exrµ ®khmTSgGs' enaHe®b®I Vs' gt U elgsb∫aytamct i † . bnm † kyn Y haNy U bJ M k[ ' eLg I vj i TSgGs' rc Y bJl Ëç eTAkg ¨~ kgkmS¬ g®bdabG ' avF u ®bCaCnbdvi tn † k _ mC ¨ ı a Ed lmanbUfl fg CaembJaÇ kar . deU cH~ sm U bgbn ËÌ Exrµ ®Cabfa XatkrenArse' hy I ka† bG ' N M acdEdl rht U mkdls ' B´√ fe© nH . embJaÇ karrbsB ' k Y va Ky W n Y haNy U Edlcl U mkCn M s Y Ggk  ar bnaÊ bB ' V I ndrU eQaµ HbEgg √ dan®tLb®' tLn i faCa®km u Exrµ esh ~ aCatvi j i ! . enAbcb ¨ç ∫ne~ nH kar®bkastamvT i ¥k ¨ †I karsresrcHu pßaykg ¨~ kaEstk†I B

GgkarCanrNa ?

317

k Y vany i ay®cEM dl@fa Ca®km u Exrµ esh ~ aCati . bEu" nK † eM rag®JgEpnkarTk u Gnvu tk † c M aysma¬ bb ' p M t u BC U Exrµ Camaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ı aBt i @ enAEtbne† TAeTotdEdl . bEu" nm † g † enHeTot vabeJj ç esø~ t «vayTk w kc M ay®t» I . vabJ M kG ' avF u [®km u Gtt I Exrµ ®khmnri teI Lg I vj i . mn u dB M g U vamn i Tan[ ' ®VkE' xeT . Tn M j i nanalkT ' j i edayesrI EteKcayCamy Y mas . deU cH~ ma senAEtmant´md ¬ Edl . ml U ehteu nHkr* j u ®can®km u Gtt I Exrµ ®khmnri tEI dlkanG ' avF u enaH [ka¬ yeTACaecaredaysy &√ ®bvt†i . ybe' naHyayeTogedkmn i lke' saH Katr' evrI vaymemm I mayTlP ' W¬ . ®Blm w ´fT © 1 I 4-5-80 yayeTogkB M g u e®Caydt I amedm I eJt ®sabE' t K a tP ' a∆ kr' nt Ï s ' aµ rtI edayeXj I bgbn ËÌ Exrµ beNr†I Ka~ Ehrkzn i ya" ge®cn I elI slb' ecjecal®sk u Exrµ my Y elk I eTot . yayeTogGss ' gÙm w Katk ' G * gy ¨ eld I gcbkNa† lck M areJtrbsK ' a t' frË© tc i @dG M j U fa – - { ! bgbn ËÌ exmrCatei Gy I ! eyg I mx u ka¬ yCacam edrI s®uM Ckekanmy Y kemaı tenAnKrenH my Y kemaı teTotenAnKrenaHehy I !. ybe' naHyayeTogrevrI vay ®sem®I s´mdc U ybm ' j i GJg wç eTot Katn ' w k e Xj i k l l ∫c i r b sG ' gk  a r G n a mk i ng i k l l ∫c i r b sy ' n Y h a Ny U vae®bI ®Kbm ' eF¥aVy KvW aeFy √I a" gemc " ke* day [Et®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ EdlCamaç sT ' w kdB I t i ®Vkd dls ' a¬ bn ' g i rte' cal®sk u [GsT ' k u d[ I va . cEM NkEPk ~ rbsK ' ats ' mg w¬ Pk w¬ eml I bgbn ËÌ Exrµ kB M g u beNr†I Ka~ edrI ecj ecalTk w dT I k u [yn Y haNy U CahrU Ehr eTAkan®' beTs´f « mn i Emnrte' Kc eT KeW drI cakecjedayesrI ! » . deU cH~ bJaÇ k[ ' eXj I fa e®KaHfa~ k´' n®beT skmC ¨ı a ´n®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ enAeBlenHfn © ´' ®kElgFn © ' els I lbC ' ageBl Na@TSgGs' . eBlenaHyayeTogæs®mb i eCg I edrI e®kayxg ~ Kat@ ' kE* brEPk ~ smg w ¬ emI l . Katk ' e* Xj I tamk u" edrI cl U mkTSgTk w mx u ®bJb®' seJn sn ¬ e' sa¬ rxs u Ebk ¬ BeI lk I mn u @ . CaerOy@tamk u" cl U mkrkyayeTog KatE' tgEtny i ay rakT ' akB ' c I ma© ysrY sx u Tk u ≈ jjj w jEjm kEM bg ¬ esc I elg edm I ∫eI lk I Tk w ct i l † g Y elamyayeTog EfmTSgTn U aµ nfa eyg I CaGk ~ kanB ' T u s Ï asna®tvU Et ykFm®· BHBT u m Ï keKarBBc i arNa KC W vI t i mns u ß…stm √ n i eTogTate' Ly I .

GgkarCanrNa ?

318

ekt I rc Y sa¬ b˘' ˘˘®KanE' tmn u …e®kay˘˘˘ Kats ' y uM ayeTogrg M abc ' t i [ † ng w nr dc U eTb I cabk ' eM Nt I CafµI ®tvU ®TSenA kg ¨~ Tk w dk I mC ¨ı aCamy Y ®km u Kat' edm I ∫eI FC √I amaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ ı a .l. KrY [cEmk ¬ Nas' ´fT © 1 I 4-5-80 enHmx u tamk u" st Á© ®Kvk I ∫alBc I ma© y edrI mkdlk ' c * ab´' dyayeTog beNr†I eTAGgy ¨ mx u kn U xm Ê rc Y ny i ayxßb i @ fa – - xm ¨∆M kbbl Y bgrte' cjB®I sk u Exrµ ! yayeTogædeU cH~ ke* bk I EPk ~ ya" gFh M armatC ' Âgg ¨ tks ' t ¨¬ ®salxn Á¬ dc U sL M I Kaµ nsn M rY Kaµ ncemy ¬ I ˘˘˘ tamk u" ny i aybnf † a– - xc ¨∆M N M ayman3dL M g w erobcL M ankamg ¨∆" my Y e®KOg edm I ∫rI tQ ' l Á~ BV I td ' b M geTAkanr' dF Ω anP I eM~ Bj . xk ¨∆M e* Fd √I eM NrI eTAkanP ' eM~ Bjedm I ∫s I c uM ∫abG ' nu JaÔ tcracrB®I ksg Y mansmtk ƒ c i ç . eKbdei sFe®JHhammn i [manLanrt' sQ uI l Á~ Ca‰kCneLy I . xk ¨∆M e* TACb Y mt i r† bsx ' m ¨∆M a~ ke' Qaµ HtaEbt " bcb ¨ç ∫nE~ ®b eQaµ HCa ehg-Tav Canamn uW F®M bcSkarkg ¨~ rdm Ω Ân®†I ksg Y mha´pÊ . taEbt " kn * Sxe¨∆M TATTl Y Tanmb Ë˙ dq * a© jr' bse' K Kp W rÊI ng i ®tkn Y esa© r Edlma nGb M l i bgy ' a" g®Kb®' Kan' . lHu Vyla© crc Y ehy I xk ¨∆M e* dkenAkEng ¬ taEbt " my Y yb' . mn u cl U edk t a E b "t k *E f ¬g G Yt m h a e C a K C &y E d l b k ß k um µ¨y n is †≤ N ÎËc in x MB ¥ a y a m v a t T I ykTk w dk I mC ¨ı atSgBC I ag30qS~ mkehy I eTb I ng w VnseM rcVnmy Y Ch M and* FeM FgenAeBlenH . tamk u" ny i aybne† Totfa – - eBlenaHxP ¨∆M a∆ kk ' s * rY bJaÇ kt ' aEbt " fa ebG I Jg wç ehg-srM n i , hn u fl -Esn, Ca-sm uI Caedm I ˘˘ KC W aGtt I Exrµ evotmj i Edr… ? . taEbt " esc I hH@eqy ¬I eLg I fa – - Gk ~ F@ M eFk √I arkg ¨~ rdaΩ PV i lsB´√ fK © C W aGtt I Exrµ evotmj i TSgGs' . xæ ¨∆M deU cH~ sg w KSgebHdg U sa¬ bE' tmg † . eNy ˙I cHu QbK ' t i erOgCati eyI gKt i erOgpaÊ lx ' n Á¬ mg † vj i . xs ¨∆M B uM g w taEbt " [Cy Y eFG √I nr† aKmne_ rOgsG uM nJ u aÔ tcracrLanrksQ uI l Á ~ enaH . taEbt " ebk I EPk ~ F@ M smg w¬ eml I mx u x¨∆M ®BmTSgsrY fa – - LanGm I k u" ? .

GgkarCanrNa ?

319

xk ¨∆M G * Fb i ∫ayGB M eI KalbN M grbsx ' e¨∆M naH . taEbt " eFm √I x u st Á© edayGaNt i xC ¨∆M amns u ßeP¬I mn i dg w x¥l' mn i yls ' aƒ n karN_ . my Y snH¨Ê Ft M aEbt " EvkEjkfa – - mk u" eGy I ! rbbsB´√ fK © d W c U EtrbbGgk  ardEdl . eK®KanE' tEkT®mg' bnc i† @tamkal:eeTs:EEtbeu" Naˆ H .; eBlenaH xk ¨∆M †I taEbt " kK †I SgmatQ ' bn ' y i ayQbm ' aneyablt ' eTAeTot ®Bln w Esk Ì eLg I xk ¨∆M s * l uM amt i r† bsx ' v¨∆M l i ®tLbm ' kkanT ' ®I kg u Vtd ' b M gvj i . sa† yeGy I Esnsa† ymas3dL M g w enaH ! . lHu mkdlx ' m Ê rbsx ' e¨∆M nAck M arseM rag Beu TaÏ eGy I ! ®bBnrÏ bsx ' ®¨∆M tvU ecar cl U mkbn ¬ G ' arksma¬ be' TAehy I !. eBlenaHyayeTogfrË© – - { ! Beu TaÏ @ ! tamk u" ny i aybn† – - la© cmßl i mj i enH xT ¨∆M Tl Y dk I arekaHBb I d U y U bJaÇ [xc ¨∆M l U xn Á¬ CabnaÊ n' eKcatE' tgtSgxC ¨∆M aKj i sma© t' K®W tvU edrI ykkarN[ _ bd U y U . e®JHva®tvU Et dg w fa et®I bCaCnExrµ enAT®I kg u Vtd ' b M g CaBei ssExrµ eFk √I arCamy Y yn Y sB√ ´f© etB I eI dm I CanrNa ? Fa¬ be' Fk √I arG√I ? etn I rNaCaGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω ar ? nrNaCa Exrµ ®khm ? m¥" ageTotvax®M sav®Cavrkmx u smaCk i hl ¨√ rU" . eBlxc ¨∆M l U eTACb Y sk & b †i n Y yn Y enaH xe¨∆M FC √I as®&µ Kct i T † Tl Y mx u garenHya" g rk I ray . x®¨∆M tvU Etjjm w pa bc ' t i v† asn i . Et≤LvË enHxe¨∆M Tb I TTl Y TTl Y Bt· manmkfa Gtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω arVnVtx ' n Á¬ Cabnb † naÊ bK ' a~ . xe¨∆M Pc ¬ mn i VnsrY eQaµ H Gtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω arEdlVtx ' n Á¬ enaHeT˘˘˘ enAeBlenHxs ¨∆M eM rcct i m † kbbl Y bgrt' cakecjB®I beTsExrµ enA´fE© sk Ì enH . eBlenaHyayeTogdc U ®tvU eKvaymy Y BeU fAck M Na† lk∫al Kat®' Kvk I ∫a ldc U Cg I ck®' tvU keM Vr Katr' kJk¥eqy ¬I fa eTA…eTmn i eXj I . tamk u" ylf ' ayayeTogmn i ®BmeTACamy Y Kat' ke* lk I ´dGEgl Ì saµ yayeTog®BmTSgpS† fa – - sm U bg®byt & x ~ n Á¬ Na± ! ebeI Xj I famane®KaHfa~ k®' tvU rte' KcPa¬ m . tamk u" ng i yayeTogsl uM aKa~ ®tm w eNH KEW bkKa~ rht U . yayeTog®s eNaHxn Á¬ ehy I nk w kg ¨~ ct i f † a – - {GjeGy I ! ebG I tB ' t I amk u" eTA etV I nnrNaCaKa~ ? .

GgkarCanrNa ?

320

enA´fT © 2 I 8-5-80 ema" g®bEhl2resol sk & b †i eI gø√ g-van " T ' j i beNr†I sk & b †i n Y evotNamma~ kc ' l U mkkg ¨~ kn U xm Ê rbsy ' ayeTog . cl U mkdlP ' a¬ m sk & b †i n Y enHcabe' pm †I srY CvI ®bvtr†i bsm ' aç sx ' m Ê . Kate' qy ¬I ®Vbh ' rU Ehrdc U Ka tV ' n®Vbs ' k & 3 †i Tj i rc Y ehy I . sk & b †i n Y yn Y srY Katf ' a – - Em" ! etEI me" cHGkßryn Y GkßrVrSg…eT ? . yayeTogeqy ¬I ya" fsmrm¥fa – - ecHbnc †i bnc Á † Edr . vaEbreTA®VbT ' j i fa – - c a bB ' eI BlenHeTA crU mt i y † kGgr˚ ng i e J t pl † [ ' Eme" Tog[Vn®Kb' ®Kan' . vaesy ~I ayeTogsb uM J M ks ' k & †i edayelk I deM kg I beJaÇ re®b[ I edrI ykkar N[ _ va . vaFanaerobcp M HÊ my Y ya" gsaÌ t[Kats ' N M ake' nA ®BmTSgsn¥afa Tj i kg' ( kaleNaHGk ~ NamanpHÊ enAng i mankgm ' y Y CHi Kh W h uW arNas)' my Y [kn U ®sK I atC ' Hi eTAeron . vabJaÇ ke' Totfa – - Em" ! kc i k ç arEdlEm®" tvU eFe√I naH mn i BV i keT KT W 1 I Ggk  arelk I catE' tg tSgEmC " a®Kb U e®gonBei ss Kb W e®gonkn U @rbse' lakLay-samn u" . T2 I Em®" tvU EdrI Ehrhm®bBnK Ï at' e®JHKatm ' n i ecHExrµ eT . Katm ' anLan manGk ~ ebk I brCae®sc . T3 I Ggk  arels I c uM att ' SgEmC " acarnarI . ny i ayrc Y ehy I vasmg w¬ mx u yayeTogya" gmt u cSsa† bc ' emy ¬I . yay eTogjjm w eFC √I alg © e' hy I ks * rY fa – - Lam gi Trinh Xeac Gien ? - etc I arnarm I anmx u gareFG √I x √I H¬ ? sk & 4 †i evotkg u eBjct i n † g w sn M rY enHNas' . vajjm w ®BmTSgeqy ¬ I Evk EjkBn¥ly ' ayeTogfa – - Em®" tvU Qb ¬ ykkarNp _ l † [ ' Bk Y xb ¨∆M d U y U fa eteI cAha√ yextV † td ' b M g enH eFk √I aresaµ H®tgc ' eM JHBk Y x… ¨∆M eT ? Kc W eM JHyn Y haNy U …eT ?˘˘˘ m¥" ag vj i eTot Em®" tvU ykkarN[ _ dg w fa Gk ~ rdk Ω arkg ¨~ rdaΩ PV i lsaFarNrd®Ω bCa mant i k u mC ¨ı akg ¨~ extV † td ' b M gsB´√ f© etB I eI dm I elakGk ~ TSgGse' naHCaG√I ? x¨∆M cgd ' g w CabnaÊ nf ' a etn I rNaCaGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω ar ? etn I rNaCaGtt I Exrµ ®khm ? etn I rNaCasmaCk i hl ¨√fl rU" ? . Lay-samn u" VneTAeronenAhaNy U Gsr' y:eBlcn M n Y 17qS~ . Et˘˘˘

GgkarCanrNa ?

321

yn Y haNy U enAEttamdanGayg " rbsv' aCanc i ç . Tb I p M t u enAedm I qS~ 1984 yn Y haNy U cabx ' n Á¬ ecAha√ yexte† nHnSykeTAVt˘' ˘˘ lHu sa† bc ' bs ' B®√ Kb' yayeTogmankarraErkya" gxS¬ g Katk ' e* qy ¬ I edaH sarfa cSKatK ' t i sn i BeI ®JHKate' calGan ecalsresrCae®cn I qS~ Nas' mkehy I . sk & b †i n I g i sk & b †i n Y v a e B j ct i c † eM JHyayeTogNas' . mn u ng w lafy eTAvj i vaedrI mkGEgl Ì xg ~ ®BmTSgEfg ¬ fa – - kn U eBjct i E† mN " as' ! ebEI my " l®' BmCy Y eFk √I arCamy Y kn U @. ybe' naHyayeTogedkmn i l kT ' alE' tesaH KatV ' r mC ∏ axS¬ ge®JHmx u garCacarnareI nHKatF ' a¬ bs ' a lc ' ∫ase' BkeTAehy I . ≤LvË enHsk & b †i n Y yn Y mkbJ M k[ ' Kate' FC √I aelk I T3 I . {eTvtaeGy I ! elk I enHFn © E' ®kElgFn © ' . eFC √I aKj i Qb ¬ ykkarNr_ c Y raykarNe_ nH . EteFs √ ®bEhsbnc †i ®tvU eK sma¬ be' calTeT@ . ®tvU rkmx u Gtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω ar ! ®tvU rkmx u smaCk i hl ¨√fl rU" !!! {Beu TaÏ eGy I ! ebx I n Á¬ ‰gCaGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω arng i CaGn®u bFanhl ¨√fl reU" TAehy I etI Gaclakm ' x u Ct i …eT ? ❑ ´fT © 1 I 4-6-80 ema" g®bEhl2resol sk & b †i n Y yn Y beNr†I ®Kb U e®gon CatEi xrµ e®kamma~ km ' kCb Y yayeTog . embd U y U srY bJaÇ kK ' atf ' a etK I at®' Bm cl U eFk √ I ar[va…eT ? eBlenaHyayeTog®Kvk I ∫aleqy ¬ I edaHsarEtdEdlfa – - cSKatK ' t i sn i . bd U y U xB M n¥lK ' atf ' a– - kc i k ç arTSgenaHBc uM SVce' cHe®CA®CHeT . Eme" cHGanecHny i ayevotNamdc U sB´√ fe© nH K®W Kb®' Kane' hy I . CaBei ssBk Y kn U ®tvU karmns u ßdc U Eme" nH KC W amns u ßfm µI n i EdlTakT ' geFk √I arCamy Y Gk ~ rdk Ω arCn M anm ' n u . kc i k ç arCECkKa~ Ct i knH¬ ema" g Tb I p M t u yayeTog®bfy u srY fa – - ebs I n i CaGk ~ rdk Ω arsB´√ fC © aGtt I Gk ~ rdk Ω arCn M anm ' n u @ eteI mc " eTA ? . eBlenaHbd U y U eFm √I x u mS smg w¬ cm M x u yayeTog ®BmTSgeqy ¬I kb M y u kb M u yfa – - eyg I ®tvU karmns u ßfd µI c U EmG " J I g wç ! .

GgkarCanrNa ?

322

sk & b †i n Y yn Y enHbga˙ ≤ry i abfmn i eBjct i n † vU sn M rY enH vakl * ayayeTog ecjeTAPa¬ m . ®sabE' tvaCb Y sk & b †i T I j i kB M g u edrI Bn i t i ¥segt ˚ tamPm U s i t ƒ i enA e®kayvtr† d M l Y . vak®* Vbs ' k & b †i T I j i fa – - KrY tamdanGegt ˚ Bn i t i ¥yayeTog[EmnETn yayenHmn i EmnCamnu sßFmt µ aeT . eyg I ehA[Katc ' l U mkCy Y eFk √I ar[eyg I ya" g®sl Y Kate' q¬I yedaHsarmn i ecHcb' . BrI nakE' mk " n U ®krham dSCrI sk w¬ ´®Kems Ê lkc ' J i m wç CvI t i smNake' nAkg ¨~ bnb Ê b ' gn  ' edkpaÊ ld ' I . ral@ ' ybG ' aecarcl U mkbn ¬ ' eFV √I bsg w Kaµ neBledkEsnevTna . ehtG u k √I K * atm ' n i ®BmTTl Y seM NrI b se' yg I ?. sk & b †i n Y yn Y enHny i aydl®' tm w hg w~ eTb I nk w eXj I faman®Kb U e®gonma~ k' Qre®kayxg ~ . vak{ * nxßb i sk & b †i T I j i my Y snH¨Ê FM eTb I laEbkKa~ eTA . vak* beNr†I ®Kb U e®goneTAeml I saƒ nPaBPm U x i age®kaymnrÊI eBT¥FV M td ' b M g. lHu eTAdlm ' x u mnrÊI eBT¥ elak®Kb U e®goneFk √I lsl uM aEbkecjBs I k & b †i Y nyn Y enH edaykh u kfa Katc ' l U mnrÊI eBT¥rksf uM S~ [kn U Q®W Kn u . karBt i elak®Kd U s * b∫r¨ senHKatc ' gn ' SdN M g w Gks u lGm∫ajm ' j i eTA ®Vby ' ayeTog . elak®Kk U c * l U eTAkg ¨~ mnrÊI eBT¥ rc Y edrI rht U eTAkanr' bg xage®kayCt i mnrÊI srM alkn U rc Y qg ¬ rbgmnrÊI eBT¥®tLbe' TAkank ' n U xm Ê yayeTogvj i . lHu ®Vbe' rOgrav" sB®√ Kb' elak®Kk U s * l uM ayayeTogPa¬ m . ❑

❑ ❑

´fd © Edlema" g6la© c sk & b †i T I j i mkCb Y yayeTog . vaedm I mkGEgl Ì xg ~ ®BmTSgny i ayya" gTnP ' n ¬ f ' a– - EmG " ah± ! ´f1 © 6-6-80 ema" g9®Bk w xm ¨∆M knSEme" TACb Y sk & b †i n Y ®BmTSg nsEme" TAeml I pHÊ my Y xg ~ Edlbd U y U erobcC M n U Ems " N M ake' nA . ´fd © Edlema" g8yb' manGaecarya" gkN M acmy Y ®km u manKa~ ya" ge®cn I kank ' SePg ¬I ®Kb´' d mkBT & b Ï nb Ê b ' gn  E' dlyayeTogEtgEtnSkn U ®sl I blU n®Ckbn Y edkCag11Exmkehy I Kaµ nnrNadg w eT . ecarcabe' pm †I E®skkM e jj I smt ¨ ¬ y a y e T o g [ n S kn U ®seI cjmkCb Y ® km u v a . s e mg ¬ E ® s k s m¨ ¬

GgkarCanrNa ?

323

t´n®km u ecar ng i Jk¥sG uM gr√ rbsy ' ayeToglanr' B M gCagBrI ema" g dc U sÂga mtc U my Y jS¨ g[®bCaCnExrµ enACvuM j i enaHPy & tks ' t ¨¬ nSkn U ecArte' cjcHu Bn Y kg ¨~ sa~ mePa¬ H®Kb@ ' Ka~ . eBlenaHyayeTogGss ' gÙm w Katk ' f * rË© ®bkasGJ M vnavdle' Tvtafa – - {eTvtaeGy I ! manEtelakeTman®BHen®tTB i √ man®tecokTB i √ manEt elakeTCasakßI xK ¨∆M aµ nbN M grte' calmatP u m U T i 2 I enHeT . ≤LvË enHxG ¨ ∆ M s' sgÙm w Gsr' B M g w ehy I ˘˘˘ deU cH~ Esk Ì @enH ®beTskmC ¨ı a®tvU EtVt®' bCaCnd* st ˬ ®tgB ' rI nake' Tot . ehteu mc " yayeTogfrË© ya" genH ? e ® J H K a ts ' a ls ' e mg ¬ Edlsmt ¨ ¬ e n a H f a C a s e mg ¬ rbse' mecareQaµ HL¨ g-jn ¨" EdleFk √I arCamy Y bd U y U . eBl´fv© aedrI Camy Y yn Y ebk I Gg® bCuM eLI gevTk i a®bkasGgr√ ®bCaCnExrµ k[ uM rte' calTk w dI ®bkasFanafa ®km u vang i bd U y U s®&µ Kct i C † y Y karJrrksns †i x u [raÂsE† xrµ . Gsaç r¥ ! ybe' nHLg ¨ -jn ¨ " Caemecar !!! b N †a l m k B IP &y t k 's ¬¨t x ¬S g e B k

y a y e T o g k *d Yl s n ¬b 'V t 's µa r t I

edksk ˆ sg w † eTA . cEM NkGgr a nagPy & tks ' t ¨¬ xS¬ geBkrkJk¥ny i ayeTAkan®' km u ecarKaµ n nagyeM hy I yeM Tot . ®km u e c a r e FG √I m √I n i ekt I GaemecareQaµ HLg ¨ - jn ¨" kE* ®sk®BmanGgr afa Ennag ! eyg I fyeTAvj i bEu" n´† fE© sk Ì enHema" g9®Bk w xm ¨∆M kCb Y ma† yrbsn ' a g cl U nag®VbK ' at[ ' enArgc ' SxN ¨ ∆ M a± . ´fT © 1 I 5-6-80 ema" g®bEhl9 æsemg ¬ mt U" x U agekt I kn U xm Ê yayeTog ® k e L k E Pk ~ s mg w¬ e X j I e m e c a r Lg ¨ - jn ¨" n g i sk & B †i rI yn Y ma~ k' elatcHu Bm I t U" U BN®· khm . TSgBrI nakb ' eNr†I Ka~ cl U mkkank ' n U xm Ê rbsy ' ayeTog . va esc I esj ∆ sa∆ j man≤ry i abfrg w qt w˚ rebobeGonxaµ s' . Lg ¨ -jn ¨" srY yayeTogfa – - mg I ecHPasayn Y eT ? . - Gte' cHeT ! . Lg ¨ -jn ¨" cabe' pm †I ny i aylg Y elamya" gTnP ' n ¬ E' pm Ì Elm ˙ fa – - sm U mg I kruM te' TANa xn ¨∆M g i mt i x † e¨∆M nHsF uM anaQb[ ' eKmkeFV √I bmg I eTo tehy I . tSgB´I fe© nHeTA mg I Tk u ct i B † k Y xc ¨∆M Hu . x®¨∆M seNaHng i xaµ sn ' vU Jk¥

GgkarCanrNa ?

324

dG M j U frË© rbsm ' g I By I bm ' j i Ca´®kElg . vaxn M y i ayehy I ny i ayeTot eF[ √I mg I Tk u ct i † ng i edm I ∫l I bl ' agnvU GeM BI efakTabBy I bm ' j i . cEM NkyayeTogGgy ¨ ® t e V m k ∫ a l C g g  p ' aÊ ld ' I EPk ~ lc Y s mg w¬ C n eXareXA nk w Gss ' gÙm w . KrY cEmk ¬ Gsaç r¥ eBl´fe© drI e®Jk®VC∆ eXas naGt Y fa®km u xn Á¬ CaGk ~ karJrsns †i x u [raÂsE† xrµ . py ¨Ê eTAvj i ybm ' kdl' E ® b ® k ´ L xn Á¬ eTACaecar edrI bn ¬ V ' js ' ma¬ b' ng i c a bk ' n U ® k my uM keTAreM laP ya" g´®B´pß . eBlenaHyayeTogKSgbB M gk Kaµ ncemy ¬I Kaµ nsn M rY KatG ' g¨ yFg wµ dc U mns u ßK ®salxn Á¬ dc U sL M I Qbd ' g w xn Á¬ KatC ' aGe√I TAehy I . Kat' nk w kg ¨~ ct i f † a { ! Bk Y ‰ge®bs I d M T I nP ' n ¬ l ' Ì eVkGjeTetI ! . eBlenaH®sabE' teXj I kn U ®seI BArbsK ' atb ' eNr†I ®sm I a~ kG ' ay®u bEh l37qS~ eQaµ HGaevOt cl U mkCb Y yayeTog . lHu manmns u ßfc µI l U mkdl' emecareQaµ HLg ¨ -jn "¨ kc * ab´' dembd U y U beNr†I Ka~ eTAelg I mt U" b U recjeTA˘˘˘ lHu ®km u ecarecjpt u eTb I GaevOtelatmk{byayeTog rc Y hc u sb M ®u t my Y Cn U Kat' ®BmTSgny i ayfa – - bg ! enHsb M ®u trbs' eCn I sa xV ¨∆M nTTl Y B®I BEM dnExrµ -´fCayrU ehI y ! xe¨∆M sb uI srY rkbgyrU ehy I ! xm ¨∆M n i saµ nfabgenArse' T ! . yayeTogTTl Y Vnsb M ®u trbsk ' n U ®bs u T3 I eday´cdn¥ . Katm ' an karreM Pb I Caya" gxS¬ g jr& ´dTe®Tk I e®JHeCn I saVtx ' n Á¬ tSgBEI xkkd ˚ aqS~ 1977 enAeBlEdlGgk  arykxn Á¬ Kate' TAXX uM Sgdakk ' g ¨~ Kk u ®seI mma" y´®Bta Ebn KatT ' Tl Y dN M g w fa

eCn I sa®tvU tN M agrbsG ' gk  arVjs ' ma¬ be' nAxag

t∫g Ë Pm U k i gt ˙ . Kats ' aµ nEtsa¬ be' TAehy I Vtd ' N M g w kg ¨~ ry:3qS~ . Gsaç r¥ Nas´' fe© nH KatV ' nTTl Y sb M ®u trbsk ' n U ®bs u dk * s M t' dakG ' sy & daΩ nenA ®beTsVrSg . yayeTogGansb M ®u tbeNr†I Katy ' b M eNr†I edayreM Pb I ct i † e®tkGrya" ghs Y ehtu . Gansb M ®u tcb' yayeTogelateTA{bGaevOt ®BmTSgEfg ¬ esckG † I rKu N . rc Y Kate' lk I ´dsB M H®BHBT u Ï ®BHFm· ®BHsgÙ ®BH≤nÊ ®BH®Bhµ ng i eT vtapgTSgBg Y ®BmTSgEfg ¬ fa – - {elakeGy I ! elakbegt ˚I mns u ßelak elakmn i lHbge' calmnu sßEdl®b®Bt i n † vU GeM Bl I eÌ Ly I . x®¨∆M BHkrN u akB M g u edrI mkdl®' ckTl & KW yn Y haNy U ng i ®km u Exrµ CaGayg " rbsv' arj u ®canx¨∆M x®¨∆M tvU Etrte' cal®sk u .

GgkarCanrNa ?

325

GaevOteGy I ! xK ¨∆M aµ nbN M grte' calmatP u m U T i 2 I enHTalE' tesaH . Et≤LvË enHedm I ∫C I vI t i rbsx ' ¨∆M ng i CaBei ssedm I ∫G I naKtrbsG ' ga ra x®¨∆M tvU EteTAtam eCn I sa Cadacx ' at . s†ayeGIyEsns†ay TwkdI´®B®Bwkßakmı¨Ca ! eBlenaH®sabE' teXj I Gk ~ ®KU sp U an cl U mk, manÚkJrsb∫ayEbk ¬ edm I ∫b I bl Y yayeTogcakecal®sk u Exrµ . Gk ~ ®KG U HGagfa sm U k®uM By Y Vrm∏ GI e®JHKatm ' anbg´f®¬ bs u ma~ k' CaevCb Ç Nt Îi rse' nAsB´√ f‰ © ®beTsEbl hßk i Camy Y ®Ks Y ar . KatC ' y Y yvu CnBrI nakC ' aCnePosxn Á¬ enACrM x M avGd u I ag [cl U mkTTl Y xn ¨∆M g i kn U bn I ak' nSecjeTAkanx ' avGd uI ag enA®Bk w Esk Ì enH . dU ecH~ xm ¨∆M kbbl Y bgeTACamy Y . yayeToge®tkGrCaGtb i rm i a åbmadc U CaKatk ' B M g u edrI rkGs u ®sabE' t ®bTHeXj I eQg I ab' . Kats ' eM rcct i P † a¬ mfa ®tvU EtcakecalmatP u m U k i mC ¨ı a Tk u [yn Y haNy U my Y ®Kasn i cHu .

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GgkarCanrNa ?

326

CMBUkTI22 ‹ yayeTogcakecjB®I beTskmC ¨ı a ‹ yayeTogcl U CrM N M gcn & Ê ‹ yn Y haNy U tambJaÇ [bd U y U tamsma¬ b®' bCaCnExrµ ‹ yayeTogTTl Y rgTk u 5 ≈ dg

yayeTogedIrcakecj BImatuPUmikmı¨Ca KrY GasrU yayeTogng i Gk ~ ®Ks U p U anC I a´®kElg

edaymn i Vndg w fayvu

C n E d l C a Gk ~ nSpvˬ TSgBrI nake' naH CaecarEdlyn Y h a Ny U V n b gb ˚ egt ˚I eLg I eT . ®Blm w ´fT © 1 I 6-6-80 ema" g®bEhl5®Bk w yayeTogbeNr†I Gga rakn U ®srI bsK ' at' . r‰ I Gk ~ ®Ks U p U anvI j i Katb ' eNr†I kn U tc U @ man®sB I rI nakn ' g i ®bu sma~ k' eTACb Y CK uM a~ enAxaglc i pßark∫alexaµ c tampvˬ Catei lx5 Edlecar «dakT ' s i » [eTAGgy ¨ rgc ' SenATeI naH . TSg6nakG ' gy ¨ paÊ ld ' ®I teVmk∫alCgg  k ' eM ®Vn@ rgc ' SGk ~ nSpvˬ dc * Em¬ k GtV ' y®khayTk w . EPk ~ smg w¬ eml I Exrµ Cae®cn I Jnn ' akk ' B M g u cakecal matP u m U k i mC ¨ı a CahrU EhedayesreI TAkan®' beTs´f . Kaµ neXj I nrNanSpvˬ nrNasrY nrNahamXate' T . ema" g1resoleTAehy I mn i Tane' Xj I Gk ~ nSpvˬ mkdl' yayeTogman GarmN µ s _ gßy & Kath ' armatb ' rM g u ny i aynvU karsgßy & rbsK ' at®' VbG ' k ~ ®KU sp U anI ®sabE' t…ÂhS√ gkgg ' t uW ! TSgGsK ' a~ ®keLkEPk ~ smg w¬ ke* Xj I yvu CnBrI nakG ' ay®u bEhl20qS~

GgkarCanrNa ?

327

Úk®kGt W esø¬ kJks ' aÌ tVtsmrm¥ mx u matd ' c U yn Y CHi kgy ' a" gfµI . eCg I va ma≈ genAelQ I a~ nk ' g' eCg I ma≈ geTotCand ' I . vaebk I EPk ~ F@ M smk ¬ s ' mg w ¬ yay eTogng i Gga ra . Gama~ km ' aDtc U elk I ´dcgl ¨Ì yayeTog®BmTSgsrY rebobmi neBjct i f † a– - G‰ u M geTAEdr… ? . eBlenaHGk ~ ®Ks U p U aneI qy ¬I Cn M s Y – - caH± ! Kate' TACamy Y eyg I Edr . Gaecarma~ km ' aDFx M s ı ' ny i ayExrµ mn i svU c∫as' smg w¬ Gk ~ ®Ky U a" gmt u ®Bm TSgsb †I enaÊ sfa – - ehtm u t ui Bm I a" sl uI mn ui mn I ‰nmn i ®Vbj ' m ¨" famanma" ns u eTACamy Y ? ≤ LvË mhe_ drI tamjm ¨ " mk ! . vaCHi kgy ' t W @Bm I x u Exrµ ePosxn Á¬ TSg6nake' drI tame®kay . lHu ecjpt u Bp I ßark∫alexaµ cVncma© ymy Y KL I EË m®" t kNa† lvalya" gsa© t' vatSgBrI nakk ' b * JŒbk ' g' rc Y ®Vb[ ' eyg I Ggy ¨ cSenATeI naH e®JHBk Y vaVnerobcrM m uW k " mt U" rU c Y ehy I Bk Y vang w mkyk . ema" gCag2resoleTAehy I ! yayeTogng i Gk ~ ®Ks U p U anG I gy ¨ rgc ' SG~ knSpvˬ dc * Emk ¬ enaHenAelp I vˬ Catei lx5 . kEng ¬ enaHenAeBlefeµI naHmansPaBsa© tE' mnETnNase' TAehy I . yrU @eTb I eKeXj I manrm uW k " mt U" m U y Y br kat' . BeI ®JHBT I ®I kg u Vtd ' b M geTAkanC ' rM N M gcn & m Ê ancma© yCag100K˘m˘ . deU cH~ ®bCaCnePosxn Á¬ ®tvU EtecjdeM NrI BT I ®I kg u Vtd ' b M gtSgB®I Blm w . y a y e T o g mn i Tk u ct i G † k ~ nSpvˬ dc * E mk ¬ e n a H K a ts ' eM rcct i C † l Y mt U" m U y Y CHi Camy Y kn U ®sG I ga ra ng i Gahafl jCakn U ®sc I ∫grbsG ' k ~ ®Ks U p U anI eTAkanT ' ®I b CC uM nss uI p U n u mn u . Kats ' n¥ang w Gk ~ ®Ks U p U anI fang w Cb Y Ka~ enATn M b®' tgp ' vˬ kacc ' l U pßarss uI p U n u . yayeTogFanaykmasng i eB®CrbsG ' k ~ ®Ks U p U anI my Y kJb ç m ' ant´m®¬ bEhl20mn uW Vt nSbeNa† HykeTAmn u ˘˘˘ lHu eTAdlT ' n M be' hy I Gk ~ ebk I brrm uW k " kc * abÂ' hS√ gQb' . yayeTogk* [masmy Y hn ufl CaQl Á~ rc Y kn * SKa~ cHu BrI m uW k " mt U" U rc Y beNr†I Ka~ eTAGgy ¨  enAelI cei Jm çI fl ~ x ' agsS† ´d GtV ' y GtT ' k w . Gga rang i Gahafl jkB M g u jS¨ VyTeT Kaµ nmb Ë˙ ®sabE' teXj I GaecarTSgBrI nak' EdlbnC M¬ aGk ~ nSpvˬ ng i bd U y U BrI nak' kank ' SePg ¬I AR-15 BrI edm I CHi rm uW k " mt U" C U amy Y Ka~ erobqg ¬ Tn M b' . Gahafl jng i Gga rartt ' amrm uW k " mt U" eU naHPa¬ m edm I ∫s I rY Btm · anBG I k ~ ®Ks U p U anI

GgkarCanrNa ?

328

Gahafl jE®sksrY ®km u ecarfa – - BU ! eXj I Emx " e¨∆M T ? . Gaecarsaman¥eqy ¬I kb M t u kb M y u tbfa – - Gtd ' g w GtG ' eI T ! . rc Y vakb * rrm uW k " mt U" q U g ¬ Tn M be' TAVte' TA . Gahafl jsaµ nfa mx u CaecarVjs ' ma¬ bm ' a† yng i bn ËÌ @eTAehy I kE* ®sk yT M ÂnSÊ eCg I . cEM NkyayeTogkt * ks ' t ¨¬ sn ¬ e' sa¬ Kt i GE√I lgeXj I eTAehI y . ®sabE' tæÂhS√ gmt U" g U t uW Katk ' E* brEPk ~ smg w¬ mkke* Xj I Gk ~ ®Ks U p U ann I g i kn U tc U @BrI nakC ' Hi kg ¨~ rm uW k " enaH . Gk ~ ®Kd U k w ´dkn U cHu BrI m uW k " rc Y elat{byay eTogTSgTk w EPk ~ rham . ❑

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ema" g®bEhlCa5resoleTAehy I CnePosxn Á¬ dk * s M tT ' Sg6nakk ' b * eNr†I Ka~ cl U mkkanT ' ®I bCC uM npßarss uI p U n u . edrI beNr†I Gk ~ ®Ks U p U anI dN M alerOgEdlkng ¬ pt u eTAGV M jm ' j i ®Vby ' ayeTogfa – - eBlbgCHi rm uW k " ecjpt u eTA xn ¨∆M g i kn U @Ggy ¨ rgc ' SGk ~ nSpvˬ dc * Emk ¬ ya" gGnHÊ sar . pvˬ enAkEng ¬ enaH enAema" gCag3resolmansPaBsa© te' Gy I Esnsa© t' . kB M g u EtGgy ¨ rgc ' S ®sabE' tGk ~ ebk I brrm uW k " mt U" EU dlCn U xm ¨ ∆ M kGM Vjm ' j i enHcabÂ' hS√ ggt uW ! xE¨∆M brEPk ~ smg w¬ eml I ks * a lK ' atC ' amt i P † kr†i bs' bx †I ¨∆M . KatE' ®sksrY xf ¨∆M a – bg, etb I geTANa ? xk ¨∆M ®* VbK ' at®' ts Y @BeI rOgGgy ¨ cSGk ~ nSpvˬ dc * Emk ¬ enaH . Kats ' a† bc ' bk ' * THedm I ®Tg U frË© fa – - yb I geGy I ! kEng ¬ enHcabB ' eI ma" gbrI esoleTA manecarbn ¬ s ' ma¬ bm ' ns u ßsg w ral´' f© . mhb _ g ! nSkn U eLg I rm uW k " xm ¨∆M k eyg I eTAQbr' gc ' SenA pßarfeµ Kal . eyg I cgd ' g w erOgenHya" gemc " ? . Gk ~ ebk I rm uW k " mt U" k U e* bk I ya" g elOnrc Y eTAQbs ' c M tenAmx u hagKy u TavkNa† lpßarfeµ Kal . my Y snH¨Ê ke* Xj I Gk ~ nSpvˬ TSgBrI nakn ' g i bd U y U 2nake' Tot mankSePg ¬I AR-15 BrI edm I enA

GgkarCanrNa ?

329

Cabn ' g w xn Á¬ CHi rm uW k " mt U" C U amy Y Ka~ brkatT ' eI naH . deU cH~ Gk ~ ebk I rm uW k " EdlxC ¨∆M Hi k* edjtamrm uW k " ®km u ecarkt i @®bpt i ®bPg I mkdlT ' eI nH .l. eBlenaH´fe© roblc i eTAehy I ybg ' gt i erobcl U mkdl' . { ! ®sd I k * M stT ' SgBrI nake' Gy I ! etn I Skn U eTA®CkedkenA‰Na [cakpt u Bk I Na† b´' d ecar ? . eyg I TSgGsK ' a~ kG * gy ¨ Gss ' gÙm w GtV ' yGtT ' k w eTAmx u mn i rc Y fye®kaymn i ekt I enA®tgk ' ac®' Cg u pßarss uI p U n u . cEM NkGk ~ ebk I brrm uW k " ct i s † b∫r¨ svj i xeM djtamrkecarmy Y la© crkmn i eXj I kb * rrm uW k " vl i eTAkan' T®I kg u Vtd ' b M gvj i ®sabE' teXj I CnePosxn Á¬ 6nakd ' Edl . Katk ' b * JŒb' rm uW k " mt U" rU c Y kT * n U aµ nfa – - bg@ ! sN M ake' nATeI nHmn i VneT ! ®km u ecar´fm © j i mx u CatammkB¥a VTbg@ehy I . eBlybg ' gt i mkdl' mx u Camane®KaHfa~ kC ' amn i xan . mhG _ eJj ÇI eLg I rm uW k " xm ¨∆M k ! eyg I vl i ®tLbe' TAT®I kg u Vtd ' b M gvj i ´fe© ®ka ysm w xC ¨∆M n U rht U eTAdlp ' ßarnm i t i †. ema" gCag6resol Gk ~ ebk I rm uW k " mt U" k U d * k w Bk Y eyg I cakecjBp I ßarss uI p U u n . lHu rm uW k " brCt i dlP ' m U b i naÊ ynag yayeTogcab´' dGk ~ ®Ks U p U ank I an' ®B mTSgny i aydG M j U frË© fa – - Gn U ! bgsa† yNase' dayeyg I ®tvU EbkKa~ kg ¨ ~ eBlenH e®JHbgVn sn¥aCamy Y ng w sk & 3 †i -sk & 4 †i yn Y fa ng w Cb Y vakalBm I ßl i mj i enH . ´fe© NH hs Y eBlmy Y ´fe© TAehy I . bgmn i Gacvl i eTAkank ' n U xm Ê rbsb ' gvj i Vn eT . yayeTogny i aydl®' tm w hg w~ rm uW k " mt U" k U b * rqg ¬ saı nPm U b i naÊ ynaglm µ Kat®' VbG ' k ~ ebk I brct i F † m[ · bJŒbr' m uW k " ®BmTSgEfg ¬ GN M rKN u pg . rc Y k* nSkn U cHu BrI m uW k " . kg ¨~ {kasEbkKa~ cg u e®kayenH ®s@ I TSgBrI nakt ' g w ®tg U esÊI re®bH KSgmatr' kJk¥ny i ayKaµ n ®tvU EbkKa~ kNa† lsaı nbnaÊ ynag KEW bk Ka~ rht U . y b 'e n a H y a y e T o g n ig k Un ® s Ie d k s Mr a k k ~¨g k Un x Êm r b s 'k µÁy C Id Un m Yy sgs ' t iƒ Cabn ' g w k∫alsaı n . Kate' dkmn i lkT ' alE' tesaH e®JHsa† yTk w dI kmC ¨ ı aCa´®kElg . cEmk ¬ Nasy ' n Y haNy U cl U mklk u ly u ratt∫at®beTsExrµ Pa¬ m va ´q®~ bDt i Exrµ Gayg " rbsv' a[ka¬ yeTACaecarya" gsahaveXareXAGsaç r¥ . deU cH~ esø~ te®b´I decar Ky W n Y haNy U manEpnkar®JgTk u mkedm I ∫k I c M ay

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Exrµ . BeI ®JHExrµ st ˬ ®tgC ' amaç sT ' k w dB I t i @ eTb I ng w ecjpt u Bk I Na† b´' dGg karGnamk i Vt´dTeTVks ' ∫ateTAehy I . ®sabE' tcl U mkCb Y ®bTHrbb ®Kb®' Kgrbsy ' n Y haNy U Carbbecar ®Kb@ ' Ka~ Gss ' gÙm w ®tvU Etbbl Y Ka~ pßge®Bgrte' Posxn Á¬ eTAkan®' beTs´f Tk u Tk w d[ I yn Y haNy U eTAcHu . etm I anesø~ tG®√I besrI Cagesø~ tecar ? yayeTognk w eXj I ®Kb®' Cg u e®Cay KatG ' ss ' gÙm w rlg I mn i dg w fa®B lm w Esk Ì Kat®' tvU edrI eTANavj i eT ? BeI ®JHebK I ate' TAkanb ' reTs et®I tvU eF√I emc †" cJ i m wç CvI t i ? Kt i dl®' tm w hg w~ Katv' egg √ sg ufl esrÊI qt Á ˘˘˘ Gsm ' eF¥aVy ehy I ! enAeBlerobCt i PK W¬ atk ' s * eM rcct i d † asb ' n ËÌ Cd I n U my Y rc Y pS† fa – - ky Áµ eGy I ! ebG I tB ' m I g I eTA crU ky Áµ EfTSGga rapgNa± ! . ky Áµ enaHsaµ nEtmg I e kt I Tk u xS¬ geBkvegg √ saµ rtI km * n i y k ct i T † k u d a kG ' √I eT ®KanE' teqy ¬ I fa – - VT ! . rc Y smeM© dklke' ToteTA . ´fT © 1 I 7-6-80 ema" g®bEhl5®Bk w yayeToge®kakedrI eTAkank ' ∫al saı n EdlTk w sg w Ê kB M g u C nh ' rU ®tVj' Katb ' rM g u elatkg ¨ ~ Tk w sma¬ bx ' n Á¬ . ®sabE' t ! semg ¬ my Y ehrI Bk I ∫alsaı nma≈ g‰eNaHfa – - bg@ ! . yayeTogkE* brEPk ~ smg w¬ rkmaç ss ' emg ¬ . { ! elakeQOteTetI ! . elakeQOtCaGtt I elxaFk i arFnaKar≤NTanCatei xtV † td ' b M g . eBl Cb Y Ka~ eday´cdn¥ elakeQOtelat{byayeTogbga˙ jkayvk i arfa Katn ' k w yayeTogNas' . elake®tkGrNas' . yayeToge®tkGrCa ´®kElgEdr . Gk ~ TSgBrI kc * abs ' rY sx u Tk u K ≈ a~ eTAvj i eTAmk®Kb®' bkar kg ¨~ ry:eBl6qS~ EdlEbkKa~ enH . Tb I Jb ç y ' ayeTogsrY elakeQOtfa – - ets I B´√ fG © n U sN M ake' nA‰Na ? elakeQOtmankarraErkbnc †i my Y snH¨Ê eTb I xßb i ®Vby ' ayeTogfa – - xe¨∆M nACrM N M gcn & C Ê ab®' B®M bTlE' xrµ ´f ! . ædeU ca~ HyayeTogreM Pb I ct i e† ®tkGrNas' Katk ' e* sr~I seuM TAtamelak eQOt eTAkanC ' rM N M gcn & Ê. elakeQOtyl®' BmTTl Y nvU seM NrI rbsy ' ayeTogedayrk I ray . yayeTogseM rcCl Y rm uW k " mt U" m U y Y t´mm ¬ y Y Cm I as CHi Ka~ bn I ak' Em" kn U ng i ela

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keQOt ecjdeM NrI eTAkanP ' m U n i m i t i † Edlmancma© y®bmaN30K˘m˘ . ruW mk " ke* raTm _i a" sn uI rc Y eVHBy Y ya" gelOneTAkanT ' eI dA . rm uW k " mt U" ®U tvU qg ¬ kat®' b CaCnExrµ ePosxn Á ¬ C a e ® cn I J nn ' a k ' kB M g u EtedrI ecjecal®sk u e d a y e Cg I BI e®JHKaµ nmasCl Y rm uW k " mt U" C U Hi ng w eK - KrY [segK √ ng i GaeNacGFmC · a´®k Elg . BT I ®I kg u V td ' b M g e T A k a nC ' rM N M g cn & m Ê ancma© yCag100K˘m˘ ®bCaCn Exrµ ePosxn Á¬ edrI edayeCg I ®tvU ecjdeM NrI BT I ®I kg u Vtd ' b M gB®I Blm w ®tvU ed ksrM akenAPm U n i m i t µi my Y yb' ybT ' 3 I eTb I eTAdlC ' rM N M gcn & Ê. c ME N k ® b C a C n e P o s x ¬Án E x µr E d l m a n m a s e K n S ® K Ys a r C Yl r Wum "k m "Ut U CHi ecjecal®beTskmC ¨ı aCahrU Ehrdc U ®bCaCn®beTsGrW b u" beNr†I ®Ks Y ar edrI lEM hkayExvs i ßmkalrdvU ekA† deU ca~ HEdr . BT I ®I kg u Vtd ' b M geTAcrM N M gcn & Ê eyg I ®tvU eFd √I eM NrI qg ¬ kat®' bCC uM ndc U Ca pßark∫alexaµ c, feµ Kal, Pt M~ c U , mgl  brU ,I ss uI p U n u ng i kn U pßarPm U n i m i t iµ Caedm I Kaµ neXj I ®ksg Y mansmtk ƒ c i N ç amy Y ecjmksrY rkehtp u l …hamXat √I alE' tesaH . ®bCaCnExrµ edrI ecjcakecal®beTskmC ¨ı aeBlenaH KeW dI 'GT redayesrI Kaµ nrt' Kaµ neKceT . deU cH~ bga˙ j[eXj I fa yn Y haNy U manEpnkar®JgTk u Cae®sc Ca yrU qS~ Nasm ' kehy I . dc U CaenAkg ¨~ smy & Ggk  arGnamk i kg ¨~ ry:4qS~ va Kt i EtBs I ma¬ br' ga lrht U TalE' tExrµ sa¬ bp ' t u BC U . cEM NkExrµ EdlenAes ssle' nArs' ®tvU Vks ' ∫at e®JHGgk  arc∫t Ë ekobdkht U ®TB¥sm∫tG † i s' rlg I slE' tVt´dTeT .l. lHu mkdls ' my & yn Y h a Ny Y cl U m k lk u ly u ®beTsExrµ Cn M s Y G g karGnamk i vaEbrCa®bml U Exrµ ®khmEdlmannn i a~ karyn Y KG W tt I Exrµ evotmi j nSykmkbJ M ks ' k & n †i g i GavF u [eLg I vj i . vabJ M ke' KalCh M rya" gmS[®km u enH KeW Bl´f®© bkastSgEtgxn Á¬ CaGk ~ esh ~ aCati eBlyb®' tvU E®b®kLaCaecarPa¬ m . ecarbn ¬ k ' g ¨~ smy & yn Y haNy U cl U ratt∫atlk u ly u ®beTsExrµ mansPaBkacsahavya" gGsaç r¥ Kc W abc ' grc Y Garkmg † bnc †i @ bgT M≈ armaseB®C . eTaHman[va ks * a¬ b' Kaµ n[ vaks * a¬ b' . EsnevTnasg w rkJk¥Exrµ sresrKaµ neT . m¥" ageTot, kn U ®sI Exrµ ®kms uM g w mn i Tane' Bjvy & ®tvU Bk Y vareM laP rc Y sma¬ be' cal . eTaHbgbn ËÌ rm Y QamExrµ Kaµ nbN M grte' cal®sk u ke* day eBlenaH®tvU Etrte' calCadac

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x ' at e®JH®beTsExrµ enAeBlenaH Vnka¬ yeTACanKr «ecar» eTAehy I ( sm U bJaÇ kf ' a – ecaryn Y rabJ ' nn ' ak' Vn®tvU eKedaHElgBK I k u ®sk u yn Y [ mkkkrU kkaysns †i x u enA®sk u Exrµ ) . kaleNaHmanbgbn ËÌ Exrµ Edlrge®KaHxH¬ rte' TAbg w† yn Y Cabd U y U vaeF√I ®Begy I Kaµ neGeI BeI Ly I . eBlenaH ®bCaCnExrµ Py & xa¬ c®Bj W aks ' acB ' eI ®JH eXj I GeM BeI carbn ¬ s ' ma¬ bd ' e* XareXAenHedaypaÊ l@ ' EPk ~ . deU cH~ ®bCaCnExrµ Gss ' gÙm w Kaµ nTrI B M g w ®tvU Et®bml U jats i arelaht i Edlsle' nArs' beNr†I Ka~ cakecjecalmatP u m U C i aT®I sLajK ' rY [esak sa† y Tk u [yn Y ng i ®km u Exrµ Gayg " va CahrU Ehdc U Cakzn i eTAkan®' sk u ´f . BeI ®JH®Kb@ ' rb U Fa¬ b®' tvU rge®KaHVks ' ∫ a t kg ¨~ r b b r b sG ' gk  a r G n a mk i m† grc Y eTAehy I . bcb ¨ç ∫nk ~ g ¨~ smy & yn Y haNy U cl U mklk u ly u ratt∫at ®beTsExrµ ecarcl U mkbn ¬ ' cl U mksma¬ b' . KG W tt I tN M agGgk  arGnamk i dEdl EdlCaGtt I Xatkr . mn i Etbeu" Naˆ H EfmTSgmanbd U y U KS®TeTot pg . etm I anesø~ tG®√I besrI Cagesø~ tecarenHeTot ? . cEM Nkyn Y h a Ny U v a l a km ' x u Vnya" gCt i d E d l . m a n b g bn ËÌ Exrµ eyg I xH¬ EdlxH√ kar®tHi rHi Bc i arNa kB M g u beNr†I ®Ks Y arecjecalTk w dT I k u [ yn Y eTAehy I EbrCaeFm √I atC ' b I Gc U @sresrI fa – - yn Y haNy U manåbkarKN u eTAvj i ! - etm I anGK √I rY [xaµ se' GonCagenHeTAeTot ? KeW nAeBlEdlyayeTogbeNr†I kn U ® sc I a k e c j Bm I a tP u m U k i mC ¨ı a e n A ´ f © T1 I 6-6-80 eTb I Kate' Xj I dg w ng i ylB ' b I Ja˙ enH . esø~ tecarenH yn Y haNy U begt ˚I eLg I edm I ∫k I c M ayExrµ [rte' calTk u Tk w d[ I va . esø~ tvaykc M ay®teI nH yn Y haNy U Caevotmj i vae®bm I g † rc Y ehy I tSg Bq I S~ 1945dl1 ' 954 edm I ∫k I c M ayExrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam . vaVnTTl Y lTp Ï ld* Kab®' besrI vaGacvatTy I knKrkmC ¨ı ae®kamVnya" ggay vaKaµ nhte' nOy ng w eFs √I Âga meT . ≤LvË enHyn Y haNy U dEdl E®beQaµ HBeI votmj i eTACaevotNam kB M g u nSykesø~ tvayTk w kc M ay®teI nH mksab®Bs Y JseBjkmC ¨ı akNa† leLI gvj i edm I ∫k I c M ayExrµ [rte' cal®sk u Tk u Tk w d[ I vaeTot . ❑

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enA´fT © 1 I 7-6-80 evlaema" g11 tampvˬ Catei lx5 manrm uW k " mt U" c U n M n Y 15e®KOg kB M g u eVHBy Y ya" gelOndc U ®Bj Y seM dAeTAkan®' BEM dnExrµ -´f . ruW mk " TSgenaHpk ¨Ê mns u ßeBj dk w CJn ËÇ Exrµ st ˬ ®tgC ' amaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ı aBt i @Ed lGsm ' anTrI B M g w EdlGss ' gÙm w EdlPy & xa¬ cecaryn Y kr* te' Kcykrc Y xn Á¬ bnßlT ' k u Tk w d[ I Bk Y va . yayeTogCHi elrI m uW k " T3 I Camy Y kn U ®sn I g i elakeQOt . Katn ' k w eXj I eLg I vj i BeI rOgKat®' tvU rte' calTk w dk I mC ¨ı ae®kamBEI xkkd ˚ a1948 Kb W Na† l mkBy I n Y haNy U Caevotmj i Edltamsma¬ bn ' g i kc M ayKat' . Katr' tE' t´d TeTmkkmC ¨ı akNa† l . ≤LvË enAema" g11®Bk w ´n´fT © 1 I 7-6-80 edaysar yn Y h a Ny U CaevotNam Kat®' tvU EtcakecalkmC ¨ı akNa† ledayVt´d TeTmg † eTot . yayeTognk w eXj I sB®√ Kb' Kanm ' anGarmN µ Q _ c W abK ' a~ nk ' a~ jc ' eM JHyn Y haNy U ceM JHemdk w nSExrµ

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334

mx u eTot . eyg I edrI edayeCg I kat´' ®BxagsS† ´d . lHu edrI cl U kg ¨~ ´®Be®CAVncma© y®bEhl5K˘m˘ ®sabE' t®bTHecarmY y®km u cn M n Y 20nak' Gays u g w mn i dl2 ' 0qS~ pg Cayn Y haNy U kanG ' avF u ®K b´' d kB M g u bn ¬ ' kB M g u cabk ' n U ®kmEuM xrµ ®bml U nScl U ´®B edm I ∫rI eM laPelgsb∫a y rc Y sma¬ be' cal .l. eXj I ®KaGasnd ~ F * n © F ' r© mkdly ' a" genH yayeTogPy & tks ' t ¨ ¬ ≤tåb ma . ®sabE' telakeQOtnk w eXj I l∫c i my Y !˘˘˘ elakke* kokkGga raeFd √I c U Cab®†I bBnB Ï t i @ ehy I kb * eNr†I edrI kath ' g Ë√ ecards * aman¥eF®√I Begy I . GaecarCayn Y haNy U EbrEPk ~ smg w¬ eml I Emk " n U BrI nakd ' k * s M te' nHEdr . lHu vaeXj I EtsB M tG ' avCabn ' g w xn Á¬ dacr' ´y" ´dTeTya" genH vakm * n i eGeI BI . dU ecH~ yayeTogng i kn U ®sk I V * neKccakpt u e®KaHfa~ kC ' aelk I Tm I y Y ehy I kb * nd † eM NrI eTAmx u eTotedaymn i hafl nsrM akeT . edrI pt u BeI caryn Y h a Ny U cma© y®bEhl3K˘m˘ kB M g u E t Py & Gr®sab' EtCb Y Exrµ my Y ®km u mn i dg w Ca®km u sÌI QryamenATeI naH manKa~ 7nakG ' avF u ®K b´' d . ®km u enHsahavCaCagGaecaryn Y haNy U eTAeTot vaE®sksnaÏ b' ecaTyayeTogfaCayn Y . rc Y ehy I Bk Y vacaby ' ayeTogng i kn U ®sEI qkeqr JseBjxn Á¬ ®BmTSgsL M t ¨ srY fa – - etk I n U ®seI nHmanb… †I enA ? ®tvU EtcabX ' T uM k u enATeI nHsn i !. eBlenaHyayeTogeTACaKSgmat' st Á© bB M gk ' vs i dl Y snb ¬ s ' a¬ bE' tmg † nk w eTAKrY [hs Y ct i K † aµ nJk¥eqy ¬I Kat®' Kvk I ∫algke' gk I @dc U mns u ßvegg √ . ®sabE' teXj I elakeQOtrtj ' abe' Cg I mkCb Y ®km u seÌI KenHeqy ¬I ® V b ' fa – - nagenHCa®bBnc Ï g u rbsx ' ¨∆M ( ®km u enHsa le' lakeQOtc∫as' ehy I dg w faelakeQOtman®bBneÏ hy I ). mg I enHCama† yrbsn ' ag . Katv' egg √ saµ rtG I se' TAehy I . elakeQO telk I ´dekokknagy®W TI Gga ramg † eTot rc Y beNr†I bnd † N M rI eTAmx u eTot . yayeTogng i kn U ®sV I nrc Y cake®KaHfa~ kC ' aelk I T2 I ! rc Y kb * nd † eM NrI cU lCrM N M gcn & Ê. ´fT © 1 I 7-6-80 evlaema" g8yb' yayeTogng i kn U ®sV I ncl U dlC ' rM M Ngcn & eÊ daysvu tP ƒi aB eKccakpt u e®KaHfa~ k®' KbE' bbya" gmy Y ry: eday sarsb∫r¨ sFmr· bse' lakeQOtCaPa~ kg ' a r bl U" s I ®bcSkarenACrM N M gcn & Ê

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®sk u xH¬ ehA«G» uM ) ! vc i k œi avHi Et®tvU eKsma¬ b' e®JHs®&µ Kct i c † l U beM rrI ˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ ( rNsri ßreM daH®bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ begt ˚I e L g I e d a y G tt I r dm Ω  nT †I 1 I sn W -san enA®beTs´f´fT © 9 I -10-1979 . CaGgk  armn i Emnkm u y ¨µ ns i ®† bqSgng w kar reM laPrbsr' daΩ PV i levotNammkel®I beTskmC ¨ı a (FNLPK : Front NatioU -sarI nal de Libération du Peuple Khmer)) EdlenAeBlenaHmanelakml CaembJaÇ kar . elakml U - s a rC I a G tt I v r e s ny I ‰ _ k E pk ~ xagkSePg ¬I FM . elakVneFB √I lk i mb µ egt ˚I CrM 0 M 07mn u eK edm I ∫C I y Y åbtm ƒ n ∏ g i karJr®bCaCn Exrµ EdlePosxn Á¬ mk®CksN M ake' nATeI naH . elakdg w fa vc i k œi aCakn U rbsF ' M ehtd u eU cH~ ehy I elakkE* fTSvc i k œi arTk u dc U Cakn U elakbegt ˚I . bEu" nF † eM Gy I ! Exrµ eyg I mn i ecalcrt i Ga®kkT ' alE' tesaH ! Gk ~ e®kambga br' bse' lak Ebr Cak∫te' lakeTAvj i . vacatk ' arsma¬ be' lakedm I ∫d I eNm †I GN M ac . vrI Cnct i † Fme· nHdg w xn Á¬ Tank ' r* te' calCrM 0 M 07 eTA®CkBn Y enANgmSu g . elaknSTSg vc i k œi aeTACamy Y pg . bnb † naÊ bm ' k ®bCaCnExrµ Edlsa ls ' mtP ƒ aBrbse' lak eKks * G uM eJÇI jelakmkkarJrCrM N M gcn & vÊ j i . bEu" nF † eM Gy I erOgk∫td ' eNm †I GN M acKa~ enAEtmanCabnm † keTotmn i ecHcb' . Kc W g u ExemsaqS~ 1980 ®sabE' tman®ku mepßgcl U mkBT & c Ï ab®' km u elakml U -sarn I SykeTAsma¬ b' . elakml U -sark I r* te' Kcmg † eTot rc Y ehy I elakkc * atm ' ns u ß[mk®Vb' xn ¨∆M vU GBt Ë∏ ehtT u SgenH ®BmTSg®Vb[ ' x´¨∆M llkCy Y seÂga Hvc i k œ i apg e®JH vc i k œi aCabP ' arkc i y ç amenAExße®tomT3 I . enAeBlenaHxk ¨∆M x * b ç V ' ymb Ë˙ my Y kJb ç r' c Y CHi kgy ' keTA[vc i k œi a ng i ®Vb[ ' eKkbl ' akG ' avF u rc Y rte' KcecjCa®b jab' . ≤LvË elakml U -sarF I j u ®Tann ' vU qakCvI t i pßge®BgenH elakks * eM rc ct i n † S ® Ks Y arcakecjecal®beTskmC ¨ ı a e T A e n A ‰ V g k k e T A e hy I . mn u elakecjeTA elaknSvc i k œi aeTAepC ∆I rM 0 M 07‰eNaHvj i . Ca{kaslN Ì as' EdlFm M kTane' BldeU cH~ . FK M rY EtnSvc i k œi aecj[pt u Bc I gm Ë˚ mcr¨ç aCenHCa®b jab' . sB´√ fK © aµ nc∫abK ' aµ nvn i y & ®bkanb ' kß®bkanB ' k Y eXj I Etsma¬ bK ' a~ CahrU Eh . dc U CaBy I bm ' j i enH manGtt I vresny I ®_ tm I a~ k®' tvU eKkabd ' ack ' ∫alsa¬ be' nACabr' bgxaglc i CrM eM nH e®JHEtelakng i ®bBnm Ï anct i s † b∫r¨ s Cy Y TM nk u brM g u yvu CnxH¬ EdlKaµ nTB I g w .

GgkarCanrNa ?

338

e dm I ∫c I J i m wç CvI t i ng i VnCak´M rsrM abp ' t  p ' g  G ' k ~ p g T S g Bg Y e l a k Tj i drU rbsr' brB®I sk u Ec ƒ l U mk®sk u Exrµ . lHu CnJldg w faelakmanmasbgrÁ ybe' kt I e®KaHfa~ ke' naH KvW amkeKaHTa√ rE®sksC uM b Y elakdc U Fmt µ a . eBl elakedrI ecjeTACb Y ecarkk * abe' lakdack ' ∫alPa¬ m rc Y vacabc ' g®bBnrÏ bs' elakkeM jj I bn ¬ y ' kmasGsr' lg I . eGogny i aydl®' tm w hg w~ ®sabE' teXj I yvu Cnma~ kG ' ay®u bEhl27qS~ Tk w mx u kacsahav skk ' ∫al®kjaj®' Vss ' aµ

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edrI cl U mkbJaÇ [eGogrk®sa[pk w . eGogmanGarmN µ P _ y & tks ' t ¨¬ . Kaµ nhafl nbgn Ì ' eGogkr* te' TAyk®sa mk[vapk w Pa¬ m . eBlvaelk I ´dsS† TTl Y Ekv®sa yayeTogPa∆ ks ' mg w¬ Pk w¬ e®JHenAk´drbsv' a manExßmasmy Y Exßya" gFT M mn © ®' bEhl3dL M g w man k∫acy ' a" glG Ì saç r¥ . lHu vapk w rc Y ehy I vake* drI ecjeTAvj i Vte' TA . sn ufl -ehOndkdegm ˙I XrU edm I ∫b I nrËÏ edm I ®Tg U rc Y ny i ayxßb w @®Vby ' ay eTogfa – - bgeGy I ! GV M jm ' j i enHxP ¨∆M y & sg w dacd ' egm ˙I sa¬ bB ' eI ®JHmns u ßenH kacsahavdm * haGsaç r¥ vaenAkg ¨~ ®km u my Y ya" geXareXA . em®km u eQaµ H cn & Ê Pk†I (eQaµ HenHGgk  arsnt µ d ' ak[ ' ®km u my Y enAeBlNaEdlemma~ ks ' a¬ be' TA emfeµI Lg I mkkank ' abk ' m * aneQaµ Hcn & Ê Pkd †I Edl) . ebvI adg w faman®b CaCneTb I mkdlC ' rM N M gcn & Ê vaEtgEtmkcaby ' keTAEqkeqrrkmaseB®C . Exß´dEdlvaJkK ' C W aExß´drbs®' sm I a~ ke' nAkg ¨~ ®km u Camy Y va . ®seI naH kacsahavNas' . vaEtgEtedb I n ¬ s ' ma¬ bm ' ns u ß ehy I Gt Y Gagfaxn Á¬ vaxS¬ g BEU k kabm ' n i mt u Vjm ' n i pH¨Ê . ≤LvË ®tvU mns u ßGV M jm ' j i enHsma¬ be' cal enAevlaf@ µI enH rc Y vaedaHExß´dykmkJkx ' n Á¬ vavj i . sg ufl -ehOnbne† TAeTo tfa – - bgsN M ake' nATeI nHyrU eTAeTotmn i VneT . Esk Ì enHxn ¨∆M g w Bg w sn W -nI [ e T A k a nC ' rM 0 M 0 7 e h A vc i k œ i a m k Cb Y b g e dm I ∫[ I b g n S v a c a k e c j [ pt u Bs I aƒ nymraCenHCabnaÊ nb ' p M t u kb uM gg Ì e' Ly I . enA´fT © 2 I 0-6-80 ema" g2resol yayeTogVnCb Y vc i k œ i a . yayeTo gkn * y i ayBeI KalbN M grbsK ' at' Edl®tvU EtnSkn U TSgBrI KG W ga rng i vc i k œi a ePosxn Á¬ eTAtameCn I -sa enA‰®beTsVrSg . vc i k œi aGgy ¨  Kt i my Y snH¨Ê k®* Kvk I ∫albdei sFmn i ® B m c a k e c j e c a l Tk w dI

GgkarCanrNa ?

339

kmC ¨ı aeLy I . vc i k œi armanbN M gya" gmSmn i emaHmt u enAbeM rrI ˘C˘r˘b˘x˘edm I ∫k I M eTcyn Y haNy U CaecarQa¬ nJnedm I ∫rI eM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı a . eBlenaH sn ufl ehOnxB M n¥ln ' vU e®KaHfa~ ke' pßg@EdlGacbNa† l[sa¬ b' . Tb I Jb ç k ' b * gM≈ fa – - vc i k œi a‰g®tvU EtePosxn Á¬ tamma† y eTAkan®' beTsT3 I Cadacx ' at . vc i k œi a®Kvk I ∫aldEdlCasJaÔ fa – - mn i eTAeT ! Kaµ ncemy ¬I . cEM NkyayeTog eBlVnCb Y kn U ® bs u T5 I r b sK ' at' Kate' ®tkGrCa ´®kElg . lHu ækn U ®bEkkmn i ®BmePosxn Á¬ eTAkan®' beTsT3 I deU ca~ H Kat' ®skT ' k w EPk ~ e®cak@ . my Y snH¨Ê eTb I Katc ' abe' pm †I eFG √I taƒ Fb i ∫ay e®bobeFob Bn¥lk ' n U ®bs u dc U teTA – - {kn U eGy I ! mkBV I n " g i ma" kK ' t i Catei KarBTk u ct i T † Sg®sg u eleI mdk w nS ®beTsExrµ ya" genHehy I VnCaeyg I Fa¬ kx ' n Á¬ Camy Y Exrµ ‰eTotrabl ' annak' dc U eBlenH . Gk ~ NaeTAdk w faGk ~ dk w nSExrµ ecalemßøteFs √ ®bEhshafl n beNa† yxn Á¬ [caje' Vkkm u y ¨µ ns i G † Jg w ç enaH ? . dc U Caedm I ExemsaqS~ 1975 manmt i P † kn †i g i bn ËÌ @rbsV ' m " a" kb ' bl Y ®Ks Y ar e yg I rte' Posxn Á¬ e c j e c a l ® s k u Exrµ bEu" nV † m " a" kE' brCaBn¥lX ' a tG ' k ~ TSg GsK ' a~ fa ®tvU EtenAbeM rC I atei TAvj i . ≤LvË kg ¨~ ®Ks Y arrbse' yg I ®tvU rge®KaH Vtb ' gC ' vI t i sg w pt u BC U ®tvU Ggk  arsma¬ b' ®tvU Vtx ' n Á¬ . yayeTogbne† Tot fa – - mns u ßcas' manEtma" km ' a~ kK ' tE' dlsle' nArs' ! cEM Nkyvu Cnekg µ @ma" ke' Tb I EtVnCb Y kn U ‰gma~ kK ' t' . deU cH~ CvI t i rbsk ' n U mant´mN ¬ ass ' rM a b®' Ks Y arrbse' yg I edm I ∫b I nB † C U Bgßvgß®tkl U «y» I teTAeTot . eBlenHma" ks ' G uM gr√ kn U ®tvU EtePosxn Á¬ eTA®CksN M ake' nA®beTsVrSgmy Y ry:sn i . eb´I fe© ®kaykn U VnCb Y emdk w nSExrµ NaEdlmansts i m∫CJ:Ô mt u e®CA es~ haCatB i t i @mn i Ekg ¬ ka¬ y mn i ny i mbkßBk Y sm w kn U cl U xn Á¬ eTAbeM rC I atC i amY yeK . Emc " gN ' ase' hy I [kn U VnbeM rC I ati Et®tvU kn U eml I mx u eml I e®kay k[ uM cl U GnaÊ ks ' ®tvU mg † eTotNak ± n U Na± ! ebm I n i deU ca~ HeT kn U mx u Etsa¬ bx ' n Á¬ Gasar≤tkarCamn i xan . yayeTogbne† TAeTotfa – - ebeI mdk w nSExrµ NaEdlyln ' g i sa lc ' ∫asG ' B M l I kN ≈ sÂga mBt i @ :s ´n®beTsExrµ fasÂga menHCasÂga mrvagyn Y ng i Exrµ .

GgkarCanrNa ?

340

- ebeI mdk w nSExrµ NaEdlyln ' g i sa lc ' ∫asG ' B M l I kN ≈ :sÂga mBt i @ ´n®beTsExrµ fasÂga menHCasÂga mrvagyn Y ng i Exrµ , - ebeI mdk w nSExrµ NaecHBn¥lE' xrµ ylf ' a ®beTsExrµ ®tvU vn i asGnr† ay Fa¬ ke' ®kamsn U ¥ Kb W Na† lmkBy I n Y haNy U Edle®bEI tkll∫c i , - CaBei ss ebeI mdk w nSExrµ NamansmtP ƒ aBya" g®Kb®' Kan' enAeBl enaHkn U ®tvU brˆ CvI t i bC U ark U aybeM rc I Hu ! kn U Gacvl i ®tLbc ' l U kanm ' atP u m U ei yg I vj i VneTetI . EtsB´√ fe© nH Eme" ml I eTAhakd ' c U CaeBlevlamn i Tand ' l' eT . ebk I n U cl U ≤LvË vamn i xs u Ka~ Bs I tm √ macEdlehrI cl U ePg ¬ I eTNa± . - saƒ nkarN≤ _ LvË enH va®cbk U ®cbld ' c U smr¬ kkrU …dc U LanVkc ' gt Ë˚ GJg wç . deU cH~ KrY kn U Qbe' sH¬ Tk u erOgreM daHCatm i y Y Gens ¬I n i . y a y e T o g G Fb i ∫ayEvkEjk nvU l∫c i k l r b sy ' n Y h a Ny U ya" gEvg ya" glt Ìi ln Ì ' ng i ya" gBs i a† r Tb I Jb ç K ' atb ' JaÇ kf ' a – - Enkn U eGy I ! B´I fm © n u yn Y haNy U e®bEI tkll∫c i nKrkmC ¨ ı ae®kam ®tvU Fa¬ kk ' g ¨~ kNa† b´' drbsv' aCasy &√ ®bvt†i . vaKaµ nenOyhtn ' g w eFs √I Âga m TalE' tesaH . bcb ¨ç ∫ne~ nHvakB M g u Et®bml U kll∫c i TSgGse' naH nSyk mksab®Bs Y JseBj®beTskmC ¨ı a edm I ∫eI lbTk w dk I mC ¨ı amy Y nKreTot . va®KanE' tEkT®mgb ' nc †i @Etbeu" Naˆ H . åTahrNd _ c U Ca vae®beI Qaµ HGgk  arGnamk i bEu" nG † gk  armanlTP Ï aBGac sma¬ bE' xrµ CaBei ssGk ~ ecHdg w bJvÔ n & † Gsc ' n M n Y rabl ' annak' . cEM Nk‰ ®TB¥sm∫tk †i g ¨~ my Y nKrExrµ Ggk  ar®bml U dk w nSecjGsr' lg I esssl' Etbnc †i bnc Á† Ggk  arbp M a¬ jecalexc Ê xG ÊI s' . kn U eGy I , manEtmns u ßxa√ ke' T eTb I mn i eXj I GBt Ë∏ ehteu nH . yayeTogbne† Totfa – ≤LvË yn Y haNy U ecjmx u ya" gc∫as®' kELt cl U mkratt∫atlk u lu y edm I ∫®I tt Y ®ta®beTskmC ¨ı a[Vn®sbc∫abG ' nr† Cati . - T1 I vakB M g u dt u ´ddt u eCg I begt ˚I Exrµ fµI nSykmkCn M s Y eyg I CaExrµ maç s' Tk w dk I mC ¨ı aBt i @ EdlkB M g u Etbnk † ny ¨Ê Ka~ sa¬ b' EdlkB M g u Etrte' cal®sk u . - T2 I edm I ∫b I P M n & m † tB i P i Belakng i mtEi xrµ yn Y haNy U bEM bkExrµ Gay" grbsv' aCaGtt I Exrµ evotmj i ng i CaGtt I Exrµ ®khmEdlmannn i a~ karyn Y CaBrI ®km u – ‹ ®km u (k) manehg-srM n i , Ca-sm uI , hn ufl -Esn, taEbt " Caedm I CaGk ~ QH~ [ecjmx u bV M g M yn Y CaGk ~ dk w nSrdaΩ PV i lsaFarNrd®Ω bCamant i k u m¨ı

GgkarCanrNa ?

341

Ca rc Y ®bkasbP M n & f † a Ca®km u Exrµ esh ~ aCati . ‹ ®km u (x) manbl u" -BtCaemdk w nS eFC √I aGk ~ cajb ' gb ˚ x ' n Á ¬ JseBj´®B Jky ' eI haExrµ ®khmdEdl mancn i KS®Tng i pl † G ' avF u dEdl . yn Y haNU ymanEpnkarya" gsma© t' begt ˚I Exrµ ®khm rc Y lc Y beJj ç skmP µ aB®sb@ Camy Y Exrµ ®khmrbse' xov-sp M nCanc i ç edm I ∫g I aysma¬ bb ' p M t u BC U Exrµ ng i eqø¬ tsma¬ bb ' p M t u BC U Exrµ ®khmnn i a~ karExrµ . deU cH~ kn U ®tvU Etdg w ng i ®tvU Et®byt & [ ~ EmnETnceM JH®km u Exrµ nn i a~ karyn Y enH . e®JHfavabJ M ke' KalCh M rya" gmSEdlmandN M akk ' arCadb M g U K®W tvU kM eTcskP †i m U n i g i c®kBt†i . yn Y h a Ny U dg w f a s e mc † sh I nn u g i e l a k sn W -san®bFanrNsri ßr˘ C˘r˘b˘x˘ ®BmTSgexov-sp M nCaemExrµ ®khm rb Y rm Y kmS¬ gKa~ keM TcBk Y vaedm I ∫I reM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı a . deU cH~ vakb * egt ˚I l∫c i my Y eTotPa¬ m edm I ∫n I SykmkTbT ' l' ng w kmS¬ gEdlGk ~ dk w nSExrµ TSgBb I egt ˚I . vadg w fakm u ark®M JCatEi xrµ sb Ì e' xm ıI ehy I manKn M c uM gs ' gsk w ceM JHExrµ ®khm . deU cH~ vadt u ´ddt u eCg I ebk I brLa nedrI ®bml U km u ark®M J rc Y dk w nSecjB®I beTskmC ¨ı aCabnb † naÊ b' . va®Vbf ' a nSykeTAeronenAhaNy U edaydake' Qaµ Hfa – «®km u km u arQanmx u » . edI m∫b I ga˙ th ' k w√ hn W√ tamk∫n Á yT u s Ï aÂsr† bsv' a rc Y jH¨ jgb ' Enm ƒ x´çI d®km u enHedI m∫k I eM TcExrµ ®khmnn i a~ karExrµ ng i ®km u Exrµ NaEdlKS®T…smKn M t i Camy Y . yayeTogsmg w¬ mx u kn U ®bs u my Y snH¨Ê ehy I bne† Totfa – kll∫c i yn Y haNy U mansPaBlt iÌ ln Ì N ' as' . vax´çI dExrµ [elat sma¬ bE' tExrµ Ka~ ‰g . yn Y haNy U Caevotmj i k†I Caevotkg u k†I Gt Y bJ M neday≤teGonxaµ sf ' a bd U y U s®&µ Kct i b † C U asacQ ' amedm I ∫m I kCy Y Exrµ Gsc ' n M n Y bI elk I rc Y ehy I . crU kn U keuM COva[esaH, mn i EmneT, vaeVkeyg I eT ! karBt i vacU l m k e dm I ∫eI ®b®I Kbm ' eF¥aVy jH¨ jgb ' EM bkbV M kE' xrµ tamcN M c u exßayna na rc Y bgb ˚ egt ˚I sÂga m Tk u [Exrµ c∫SgKa~ sma¬ bK ' a~ CahrU Eh . jS¨ g[Exrµ sa¬ bb ' nc †i mg † @ rht U pt u BC U Etbeu" Naˆ H . yayeTogEbrEPk ~ smg w¬ mx u kn U ®bu sCaelk I T2 I ®BmTSgbJaÇ kf ' a– - { ! kn U ®bs u dk * s M te' Gy I ! e®KaHfa~ k´' n®beTsng i ®bCaCnExrµ enAeB lenHmansPaBFn © ´' ®kElgels I sBm √ y Y dg . ma† ysgÙm w fa esck†I Bn¥le' ®bobeFobrbsm ' a† yenAeBlenH lm µ ®K † b®' Kan[ ' kn U dg w ehy I . Kaµ nGK √I rY [raErksaÊ ke' srÊI Kaµ ngK √I rY [sgßy & eToteT .

GgkarCanrNa ?

341

cEM Nkvc i k œi alHu Vnsa† bn ' vU Jk¥eBcnd _ m * anxm w¬ sarrbsm ' a† yEvkEjk e®bobeFobsB®√ Kbe' hy I ke* nAesø© meday®s´meXj I fa tSgBeI dm I mkma† y r b sx ' n Á¬ e T a H C a e c a r bn ¬ c ' abv' ayeFV √I b C a e ® cn I e lk I e ® cn I d g m k e hy I k* eday enAeBlEdlkn U @bbl Y Katc ' akecjB®I sk u KatE' tgEtbrˆ pa† cm ' n i rt' ecalCadacx ' at . EtenAeBlenH EbrCaKats ' eM rcct i n † Skn U ecjecalTk w dI Caekrd _i† EM Nldn U taTk u [yn Y eTAvj i . vc i k œi ayle' Xj I fa cHu ebeI mdk w nSExrµ caje' Vkyn Y caje' Vkcn i elatc∫SgEtKa~ ‰g rc Y beNa† y[yn Y e®bk I l l∫c i eVlsrM k u cl U mkCy Y Caelk I T4 I mg † eTot etvI asna´n®bCaCnExrµ ka¬ yeTACaGe√I TA ? . vc i k œi aeFm √I x u st Á© Qbr' aErkke* qy ¬I Pa¬ mfa – - VTma" k' xy ¨∆M l®' BmeTACamy Y ma" ke' hy I !. æcemy ¬I yl®' Bmrbsv' c i k œi aPa¬ m sg ufl -ehOnng i eGog Cn U Brdl®' Ks Y ar dk * s M te' nH [VnseM rctamesck®†I Vfa~ . sg ufl -ehOnerobVyCn U yayeTog cEM Nk‰eGogvj i kf * yecjeTATa kT ' grkGk ~ Cn U deM NrI . eBlCb Y CV uM yla© c eGogvl i ®tLbm ' kdll ' m µ . eGog®Vby ' ayeTo gfa Kat®' tvU ecjdeM NrI enAema" g®V®M Bk w ´fT © 2 I 3-6-80 . enAeBlkB M g u brei PaKVyla© c edm I ∫k I d M rbry i akas eGogcabe' pm †I ny i a yfa – - etF I s M a le' lakml U -sar… I eT ? eGogbne† Totfa – - KrY [sa† yelakml U -sarC I a´®kElg . elakmanesckk †I a¬ hancab' epm †I begt ˚I CrM 0 M 07mn u eK . elakCavrCnmanct i s † b∫r¨ sd®* Kb®' Kan' . ≤LvË bNa† lmkBk I ardenm †I GN M acKa~ maneKrkerOgsma¬ be' lak jS¨ g[elakFu j®Tan' elakkb * eNr†I ®Ks Y arePosxn Á ¬ eTAenA‰VgkkeTA . yayeTogGgy ¨ sJg wÇ Kt i nk w B®I bvtr†i bse' lakbnc †i eTb I Kate' qy ¬I nvU sn M rY rbse' Gog – - Fs M a l®' Ks Y arrbse' lakml U -sarc I ∫asl ' asN ' as' . elakml U sarC I akn U ®bs u eTalrbse' laktaml U ng i elakyaysvU . taml U man sts i m∫CJ:Ô esh ~ aCaty i a" gmt u . Kats ' ®µ Kct i b † C U aCvI t i nS®bBnÏ kn U cl U ´®BbeM r®I km u Exrµ ≤sßr: edm I ∫rI eM daHExrµ Bn I m w VrSg .

GgkarCanrNa ?

342

®km u Exrµ ≤sßr:s seM rcVneCaKCy & enAExvc i k œi aqS~ 1953 KV W rSgyl®' Bm ®bKl[ ' Exrµ Vn‰kraC¥db * rb i N U · . eBlenaH®km u Exrµ ≤sßr:k ks * ®&µ Kct i c † l U mkrb Y rm Y eFk √I arbeM rs I emc † sh I nu edm I ∫k I sagkmC ¨ ı a‰kraC¥ . kg ¨~ eBlenaH KN u sm∫tr†i bst ' aml U ®tvU VnTTl Y mx u garCaGneu snI y®_ tI (sk & 1 †i ) . bN u ¥sk & e†i nHnS[ekA† ®khay ekt I ct i ®† cENnB®I km u namn uW EdlGgy ¨ r gc ' S t a m x ¥ l ' e ® J H e K mn i cge' Xj I n r N a m a n bN u ¥ sk & F †i M … l∫C I agxn Á ¬ eT . deU cH~ vacabe' Fv√I ei ct œ kmµ jH¨ jgc ' akc ' c u emdk w nSExrµ ®tvU Etecj®bkas bg[ M≈ eFk √I ar®bLgBei saFnl _ ∫geml I sn i mn u ng w bJ M ks ' k & [ †i ®km u Exrµ ≤sß r: . taml U xkxc U ct i † KatQ ' c W t i N † ase' ®JHKatd ' g w ng i ylC ' ae®scehy I fa Bk Y enHcge' djKate' hy I . Bk Y enHsnd ~i aΩ nTk u Gk ~ tsEUfl xrµ dc U EpB ¬ ®u Ta eK ss uI acr' c Y ehy I eK®Bs Y ®Kabe' caleTA . Bk Y enHCaGk ~ ebHEp¬ EteKePc ¬ Ku NGk ~ dS ePc ¬ KN u Gk ~ e®sacTk w . deU cH~ eTAGnaKtBk Y enH®tvU EtTTl Y kmµ eBor BeI ®JHBk Y ‰g®b®Bt i G † eM BG I a®kke' VkBk Y Gj Gjlaehy I .l. ng i .l. Katy ' lf ' amn i Vce' nOyhte' TAeFe√I tseT . Katk ' s * l uM aQbs ' rM ak rc Y ehy I kv* l i ®tLbe' TAeFE√I ®svj i eTA . taml U beNr†I yaysvU Ca®bBnÏ eTAtSgTl I eM nAenAXruM Sgeks®I sk u sEge˚ xtV † td ' b M gvj i . mn u laecjBk I gTB & bNa† lmkBG I eM BG I yt u F †i mx · s u Tn M g

taml U BnTk u kn U ®bs u eTalma~ k' KeW lakml U -sareI nH[pßge®BgenA

beM rk I gTB & teTAeTot . e l a k ml U - s a rs I ®&µ Kct i T † Tl Y P a r kc i k ç arJrTlE' dnExrµ -yn Y -lavrhU t . tSgBeI BlenaHmk elakml U -sarb I eM BjParkc i k ç g ¨~ mx u garya" geBj eljVnKab®' besrI l≤ Ì texaç H .deU cH~ bN u ¥sk & C †i avr:esny I ‰ _ krbse' la kKC W arga√ nd ' B * t i ®VkdEdlelak®tvU EtVn . elakml U -sar®I bkbedayKu Nsm∫tx †i agpvˬ yT u s Ï aÂsd † ®* Kb®' Kan' mancrt i rg w bg uw GtF ' t µ ' mankartsUfl st i√ sa√ j . elakGacFn®' TSnvU karlV M k®KbE' bbya" g . elakml U -sarI sa lk ' ll∫c i xSµ gya" gc∫asl ' as' ®BmTSg®bkbeTAedayeTBekasl¥ xagbJaÇ karya" gevog´v . dc U CaenA´fT © 2 I 3 Exemsa qS~ 1975 ema" gmy Y k nH¬ resol Ggk  arbJaÇ [®bml U Gse' laknayTahanenAextV † td ' b M gcn M Y n6Lankamg ¨∆" dk w nSykeTAVjs ' ma¬ be' cal . elakke* Kcrc Y enArs' . B´I f© T2 I 3 Exemsa qS~ 1975 dlq ' S~ 1979 elakml U -sarrI se' nAkg ¨~ rbbde* Xar

GgkarCanrNa ?

343

eXArbsG ' gk  ar ( elakml U -sar®I Vby ' ayeTogedaypaÊ lm ' atf ' a elak eFÚ √I kesrÊI qt Á esrÊI Ca, elakCaKga√ leKaedm I ∫b I rˆ ykCvI t i ) . elakecHsrM b xn Á¬ ecHGtF ' t µ t ' amkal:eTs: xb M eM rG I gk  arbrˆ ykCvI t i . elakml U -sarV I neKccakpt u e®KaHfa~ km ' y Y elk I eTotdk * rM . eBlenaHyayeTogEbrEPk ~ smg w¬ ky Áµ eGog®BmTSgbJaÇ kf ' a– - elakml U -sarm I n i l∫eI Qaµ Hdc U emTB & Exrµ epßg@eT e®JHKatK ' aµ nbkßKaµ nBk Y elakxEM tbeM BjkrNy i kc i n ç g i Parkc i rç bse' lakEtbeu" Naˆ H . yayeTogbJb ç k ' array " rab " r' bsK ' ate' dayny i ayfa – - deU cH~ KrY sresrI elaksk & ®†i Vm M l U -sarC I a´®kElg ! eBlenaHeGogdG M j U frË© fa – - KrY [sa† yNas' ebEI xrµ eyg I rvlE' t®cENnKa~ snd ~i aΩ nGk ~ tsUfl Gk ~ eQaµ H®tgc ' eM JHCati dc U EpB ¬ ®u TaTuM ss uI acr' c Y ®Bs Y ®Kabe' cal˘˘˘ åTahrN_ krNt I aml U hafl nbC U aCvI t i cl U ´®B rb Y rm Y kmS¬ gbegt ˚I Exrµ ≤sßr:edm I ∫rI eM daH Tk w dB I V I rSg edm I ∫k I mC ¨ı a‰kraC¥ . lHu dlk ' mC ¨ı aVn‰kraC¥ehy I eKkT * at' taml U ecal . ≤LvË enHelakml U -sarx I b M egt ˚I CrM eM dm I ∫C I y Y seÂga H®bCaC nExrµ Tb I p M t u ®tvU eKtamrksma¬ be' dm I ∫d I eNm †I GN M ac . deU cH~ bga˙ j[eXj I fa Exrµ edklgl ' kN ' as' . dN M akk ' arya" genH eTAehy I rvlE' tEbre®kayxSEtKa~ ‰g crt i enAEtdEdl@ . eteI Fd √I c U emc † rM edaHTk w dk I mC ¨ı aekt I ebb I caç m®i tCaecarQa¬ nJnKy W n Y haNy U vaecHeFB √I t u vabn ui ®bsb' vaecHe®bk I ll∫c i ®kLc i ®kLc ¨ manb®Jaç sm ' anbeNa† yya" geqm ~I

EfmTSgmankmS¬ gTB & ya" gxS¬ gka¬ mankarBei saFnk _ g ¨~ sÂga mCae®cI

nqS~ ®BmTSgmanGavF u d®* Kb®' Kany ' a" genaH ? . eGogEbrEPk ~ smg w¬ yayeTogedaycgs ' euM yablb ' Enm ƒ bEu" n˘† ˘˘ yb' e®CANase' TAehy I yayeTogsQ uM bb ' ne† rOgKat®' tm w hg w~ eday®KanE' t bJaÇ kf ' a– - Katk ' y * ld ' eU ca~ HEdr e®JHehtd u eU cH~ ehy I VnCaKats ' x u ct i n † Skn U ca kecjecal®sk u my Y ry:sn i . ❑

❑ ❑

GgkarCanrNa ?

344

yb´' fT © 2 I 2-6-80 yayeTogmankn U ct i m † y Y ya" gsb∫ayrk I ray eda yVncb Y kn U ®bs u ma~ k' ng i kn U ®sm I a~ k' mkcl U rm Y deM NrI pßge®BgeTAkan®' b eTsT3 I . ybe' naH Kate' dksrM akenAkg ¨~ kn U xm Ê s∫vË rbss ' g ufl -ehOn st ƒi enAkg ¨~ CrM N M gcn & Ê. Kate' dkmn i lke' T, KatK ' B M g u jjm w rk I rayrevrI vayfa enA´fE© sk Ì enH Ka tm ' x u Etmanvasnang w cakecjpt u Bs I aƒ nymVlenHehy I . ®bEhlema" g12Ga®Fat ®sabE' tæsnk wÏ Lanrfe®kaHbrseM dAmkCrM M Ngcn & Ê kanE' tCt i eLg I @ . ema" g4eTobPW¬ yayeTogdask ' n U TSgBrI nak[ ' e®kakeLg I edm I ∫eI robceM cjdeM NrI . bEu" nB † eu TaÏ eGy I ! CrM N M gcn & ®Ê tvU ecar Qa¬ nJnCayn Y haNy U BT & C Ï C uM t i eTAehy I . ®bEhlknH¬ ema" ge®kaymk ®sabE' tæsrU ®Kabk ' SePg ¬I pSgpSgrnC ÊW C uM t i KC W akSePg ¬I rbsB ' k Y yn Y haNy U EdlVjb ' eM pa¬ gmkelC I rM N M gcn & Ê edm I ∫s I ma¬ bn ' g i kc M ayExrµ st ˬ ®tgE' dl Kaµ nGavF u karJr EdlessslB ' s I a¬ b' bNa† lBy I n Y haNy U e®beI sø~ t ecarkc M aymn i [enA®sk u Vn . e B l e n a H y a y e T o g Py & ® Cl Y ® c b lt ' ks ' t ¨ ¬ hs Y e h ts u g w dl Y s nb ¬ . ' vc i k œ i a e Xj I deU cH~ ´dma≈ g®Kama† y ´dma≈ gTajbn Ë Ì ® sc I a k e c j BC I rM C M abnaÊ n' kat®' Kabk ' Sepg ¬ I r ts ' eM dAeTAkan®' BEM dnExrµ -´f . eTAdlk ' E ng ¬ e n a H e hy I e yg I T S g bn I a km ' a n k a r sn ¬ e' sa¬ ya" gxS¬ g edayeXj I mansa~ mePa¬ Hmy Y ya" ge®CA manTk w hrU ®tVj' CaTk I Eng ¬ xN & b Î JaÇ k®' BEM dn . enAe®ty I ma≈ g‰eNaH manTahan´fmx u matk ' acsahav QrbNa† kK ' a~ Pg Ç k ' SePg ¬I t®mgC ' n ePosxn Á¬ Exrµ . ebn I rNahafl nEhlqg ¬ kats ' a~ mePa¬ HenaH Tahan´fTSg enaHng w Vjs ' ma¬ be' calPa¬ m !˘˘˘ ´fr© Hxs ı N ' ase' TAehy I Exrµ rge®KaHdG * PB & E√ dlkB M g u Et®tvU bd U y U Vj' e ® s a c ® K a bk ' S e Pg ¬I m k e l I k n * SKa~ Ggy ¨ { b k ∫ a l C g g  p ' aÊ ld ' eI ®kamkeM dA´f© ekA† esrÊI eqH . eTAmx u mn i rc Y fye®kaymn i ekt I rgc ' SEtsa¬ bb ' eu" Naˆ H . cEM Nk‰bd U y U vj i vaKaµ n®bN´I deT rt w Etsegj ≈I beM pa¬ g®Kabm ' kelI CrM K M aµ nGak' . r‰ I xag´fvj i Vn{kas kt * SgBt W sakl∫gkSePg ¬I FrM bsv' a edaybeM pa¬ gmkelC I rM N M gcn & C Ê y Y sma¬ bE' xrµ Edr . Beu TaÏ ! Beu TaÏ ! ma≈ gyn Y ma≈ gesom ! et[ I Exrµ rte' TAxagNa ? T a l 'E t d l 'e m "a g b Yn l ©a c e T Ib m a n b J Ça B IG a C ∆a F r ´ f G n uJ Ôa t [ E x µr r g

GgkarCanrNa ?

345

e®KaHEhlqg ¬ sa~ mePa¬ Hcl U mkkan®' beTs´f . vc i k œi a E h l e k o k c m g ¬ ma† yeTAkane' ®ty I ma≈ g rc Y vl i m k y k bn ËÌ ®svI j i e®JH®s@ I TSgBrI nakm ' n i ecHEhlTk w . eyg I kV * nrc Y pt u beI ®KaHfa~ km ' g † eTo t ehy I bnd † eM NrI eTAkanc ' rM x M av-Gd u I ag . ema" g®bEhl6la© c®sabE' tCb Y Tahan´fPg Ç k ' S e Pg ¬I X a t [ ' paÌ kdeM NrI enA ®tm w hg w~ . ybg ' gt i lm µ ®tvU EtedkpaÊ ld ' I Gtk ' enl Ê GtP ' y Y GtV ' yGt' Tk w . cEM NkyayeTogKatm ' n i hafl nedkeT KatG ' gy ¨ bn®' sn®' BHsB M HeT vta ( mkdl®' sk u VrSg Kate' karsks ' l uM abN M ne' nH ) TlP ' ¬W BeI ®JHyb' enaH Tahan´fedrI bn ¬ r' c Y c a bk ' n U ®kmEuM xrµ kB M g u rge®KaH nSykeTAreM laPrc Y sma¬ be' calya" ge®cn I . ❑

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®Blm w ´fT © 2 I 4-6-80 eBl´fe© robrH Gga raGgy ¨ dNS† Vy ®sabE' t pSg@ Kk W SePg ¬I rbsy ' n Y haNy U Vjb ' eM pa¬ gtamsma¬ bk ' c M ayExrµ GPB & d √ l' kg ¨~ ´pd Ê eI som . Gga raPy & xS¬ geBkkÂna† kV ' nEt®KbqS~ g rte' calVyenaH eTA . cEM NkTahan´fkb * Hkny ¨Ê rtf ' ye®kayEdr . ®bCaCnExrµ kr* tt ' amcU le®CAeTA@dc U Tk w VkT ' n M b' . lHu eTAdlk ' Eng ¬ my Y Gaceml I eXj I CrM x M avGd uI agenACt i begy ˚I ®sabE' tCb Y Tahan´fCae®cn I els I lb' manTSgrfe®kaHCae®cn I e®KOg Pg Ç k ' SePg ¬I Ft M ®mg' rc Y E®sktamem®kb U JaÇ [®bCaCnExrµ paÌ kdeM NrI ®tm w hg w~ my Y elk I eTot . deU cH~ ®tvU Ggy ¨ kNa† l´fe© kA† GtV ' y GtT ' k w dc U Gk ~ Cabe' Tas . manCnrge®KaHxH¬ pßge®BgecjBC I rY eTArkGs u …eTArkkabE' mkeQeI dm I ∫eI FC √I rM k[kn U tc U @ ®tvU Tahan´fVjs ' ma¬ be' cal Pa¬ m@ . ema" g®bEhlCa3resol Tahan´f®bkastamem®km U g † eTot bJaÇ ed j®bCaCnExrµ GPB & T √ SgGs[ ' ®tLbv' l i e®kayvj i . vaVjk ' SePg ¬I eTAelG I a kas®KbT ' s i ®BmTSgE®sksmt ¨¬ keM jj I fa – -ebn I rNarg w TTg w ng w bJaÇ rbsv' a vang w Vjs ' ma¬ be' calPa¬ m ! . eBlenaH®bCaCndG * PB & T √ SgenaH ®tLbv' l i e®kaydc U Tk w VkT ' n M bm ' g †

GgkarCanrNa ?

346

eTot . enAeBlenaH yayeTogedrI Elgrc Y eTAehy I edaymkBk I arGtV ' yGtT ' k w Gsc ' n M n Y 2´fe© TAehy I pg bEnm ƒ BeI lk I artks ' t ¨¬ ≤tåbmapg . k¨~ gmats ' t Á© rkTk w mate' lbKaµ neTAehy I Katk ' ®* bfy u elatcHu eTAkg ¨~ Tk w sa~ m ePa¬ H®bg U !˘˘˘. eXj I e®KaHfa~ ky ' a" gFn © m ' kdly ' a" ghg w~ kn U TSgBrI nakk ' E* ®s k®Tehafl ehAma† y – - ma" ke' Gy I ma" ke' drI mk@ ! Tahan´fvayma" ks ' a¬ b≤ ' LvË ehy I ! edrI mk ma" k@ ' ! {eTvtaelakeGy I Cy Y ma" kx ' p ¨∆M g ! . Tahan´fedrI vaysB M gcC M rY yayeTog ! enA´deqg √ kank ' SePg ¬I xm ¬I y Y edI m enA´dsS† kand ' b M gmy Y ya" gFM srM abs ' B M gExrµ Narg w TTg w mn i vl i ®tLb' e®kay . lHu va®keLkmkcy M ayeTogEdlkB M g u Et®tdrx¥lk ' g ¨~ Tk w vak®* ctc ' egH˚ Qreml I my Y snH¨Ê rc Y ke* drI hs Y eTA . eBlenaHvc i k œi apßge®BgelatcHu Tk w kg ¨~ sa~ mePa¬ Hlb@edrI fye®kay eTAekoksaµ ma† y®sge' Lg I BT I k w rc Y bnd † eM NrI vl i ®tLbe' ®kayvj i . cEM N kyayeTog bnaÊ bB ' V I n®tSkg ¨~ Tk w mk Katm ' ankmS¬ g®Kane' bb I nc †i GacedrI yt W @Tbx ' n Á¬ ng w eQ®I ctVn . ´fl © a© cenaHmanLanrbsk ' akVT®khmGnr† Catd i k w Cn M y Y ®Kbm ' x u yk mkdakT ' an[ . srM akTk I Eng ¬ mn i sa le' Qaµ HGsc ' n M n Y 2yb' Ky W b´' fT © 2 I 4-25 Exmf i n u a q ~S 1 9 8 0

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GgkarCanrNa ?

347

eKTTl Y nSykecjBT I eI nHPa¬ m ! . vc i k œi avl i ®tLbm ' kCb Y ma† y rc Y ray " rab " t ' amdeM NrI edayGss ' gÙm w .y be' naHyayeTogng i kn U edkpaÊ ld ' I k∫aleky I PEW¬ ®s kNa† lvalkg ¨ ~ ®beT s´f . ma~ k@ ' manEtexaGavmy Y bnH¬ dacd ' acCabn ' g w xn Á¬ Etbeu" Naˆ H . yay e T o g e d k mn i l kT ' alE' tesaH edaymanVrme∏ TAelvI asna´nkn U ® sy I a" g xS¬ g e®JHTahan´fmancrk i kacsahavCagbd U y U eTAeTot . vaedrI Eqkeqr bn ¬ y ' k®TB¥sm∫t†i ebm I ankn U ®kmvuM acaby ' keTAreM laP rc Y sma¬ be' calya" g CakE' sg † . k∫aleky I PE¬W ®s EPk ~ smg w¬ eml I emXEdlmanBBkexAµ mrI edr das CasJaÔ bJaÇ k[ ' dg w fa ePø¬ gCt i Fa¬ km ' kehy I ˘˘˘ yayeTogmanGarmN µ q _ l © E' snql © ' eTAel®I bCaCn´fEdlCaGk ~ kan' ®BHBT u s Ï asnaya" gxaÇ bx ' n ÁÇ dc U ®bCaCnExrµ Edr . sasnT _ SgBrI enHmanTM enomTma¬ b' vb∫Fm· Pasa rb U ragkay BNs · m∫r¨ ®bhak®' bEhlKa~ cHu eh tG u k √I T * ahan´f kacygX ' g ~ dak®' bCaCnExrµ EdlCabgbn ËÌ ya" genHeTAvj i ? eBlenaHyayeTognk w eXj I ln M SJk¥rbsy ' n Y egø√ g-vanT ' j i emevotmj i EdlCa®bFanGbr' s M alaneyaVy ny i ayEvkEjkkalBy I b´' fT © 2 I 8-247 EdlmanCaGaTf i a– -s[ uM raCkar´frkßaescks †I b © e' sø© m kl uM k U ´dkg ¨~ erOgExrµ -yn Y -lav[ esaH eBlNakm u y ¨µ ns i ≤ † Nc ËÎ n i ( begt ˚I eLg I edayhU Cm I j i kalB´I fT © 3 I -2-30 ) VnseM rcTTl Y Cy & Cn M H eday®Kb®' Kg≤Nc ËÎ n i VnCasaƒ BrehI yyn Y ng w ®bKlE' xtE† xrµ Edl´fVnlc Y ykeTABeI dm I stvtßeTA[´fvj i . Jk¥e®Kagsn¥aenH yayeTogVn®tg®tabs ' a† bk ' ng ¬ pt u eTACag30qS~ mk ehy I ˘˘˘ eTb I Vn®bTHeXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ nvU GeM BeI XareXAKaµ nemta† ´nTahan´f KrY [cabG ' armN µ s _ gßy & kg ¨~ kal:eeTs:eenHfa – - Tahanyn Y ng i ´f ®tvU rv"U Ka~ eTdg w ?!?! yayeTognk w eXj I sB®√ Kb' km * ankarekA† ®khayng w yn Y haNy U Ca ´®kElg . ≤LvË enHyn Y haNy U hafl nreM laPc∫abG ' nr† Catei BjTI e®JHbU dy U rbsv' aVnecjmx u ya" gCakE' sg † kB M g u tamsma¬ bn ' g i kc M ayExrµ [Py & xa¬ cng i Gss ' gÙm w ehy I rte' calTk w dT I k u [varatt∫attamGeM Bc I t i †. eteI mdk w nSExrµ TSgxagskP †i m U i TSgxagkm u y ¨µ ns i † manVndg w VnænvU ®Bt w k †i arNd _ c * Emk ¬ TSgenHEdr…eT ? . cemy ¬I GacecjCaBrI Ebb –

GgkarCanrNa ?

348

ebeI Kdg w – Km W anesckf †I a Gk ~ Gse' naHcecsman: sx u ct i [ † nKrExrµ rlayeTAcHu e®JHma~ k@ ' rvlE' tx®M bg w elk I deM kg I bK u l  [els I B‰ I kPaBCa ti mn i hafl nny i ayBeI rOgBt i xa¬ cVtb ' gk ' t i ¥anP u aB kt i n †i am xa¬ cefakTabxn Á¬ .l. ebeI Kmn i dg w – Km W anesckf †I aGk ~ Gse' naHPe¬I Pe¬I lB I© kfa© s xH√ smtP ƒ a BTSg®sg u . enAeBlenHTahanyn Y haNy U cl U mklk u ly u ratt∫atJ seBj®beTsExrµ vatammkVjs ' ma¬ bE' xrµ rht U dlT ' k w d´I feTAehy I eh td u c U emc † ke* mdk w nSExrµ mn i bg w† BP i Belak mn i bg w† Gnr† Cat[ i eKrkxs u ®tvU ? . bN u" g w ˆ @ e T A e hy I enAsa© te' sø© me®cob beNa† y[®Bt w k †i arN®_ beTs Exrµ enAeBlenaHenAEtmansPaBggt i Gnk Ï ar Kaµ nPaBBt i ®Vkd beNa† y[ Exrµ my Y PaKya" gFy M l®' cLy M a" gFn © ' . enAeBlEdlyn Y haNy U cl U mk enAeld I EI xrµ Cn M s Y CnePosxn Á¬ Exrµ xH¬ EbrCaeFm √I atC ' b I Gc U @ GrKN u bgevot NameTAvj i . etm I anGK √I rY [eGonxaµ sC ' agenHeTAeTot ? emdk w nSExrµ nm i y Y @x®M bg w E®skdeNm †I ®tvU Eterog@xn Á¬ . x®M bg w begt ˚I kaEst Tsßnavd†I edm I ∫EI ®skeCrtHµ tHi edolEtKa~ ‰gEdlesssle' nA rs' «my Y db M rsa√ » Bk I arsma¬ br' ga lrbss ' ®tvU eTAvj i . manmns u ß «rabm ' n i ®Kb®' mam´d» eT Edlhafl nfayn Y haNy U Caecar CaemXatkr CaGgk  arGnamk i . yayeTogGHGagCasakßI BeI ®JHkg ¨~ my Y CvI t i enH xn Á¬ rbsK ' atp ' aÊ l®' tvU TTl Y rge®KaH esakesA Qc W ab' sa lE' tvn i as®Jt®' VsK ' aµ nTb I p M t u Edl bNa† lmkBy I n Y haNy U . 1) etm I anTk u G ≈ E√I dlFn © C ' agkar®Jt®' Vsm ' a† y“Bk u bgbn ËÌ ? 2) etm I anTk u G ≈ E√I dlFn © C ' agkaresaksa† yTl I eM nArbsx ' n Á¬ eBlEdl eKedj[cHu ecj ? 3) etm I anTk u G ≈ E√I dlFn © C ' agkar®seNaHkn U ®bs u kn U ®st I c U @ Edl®tvU eKbgeM≈ bHecjBeI dm I ®Tg U [eTAeFk √I arCaTmn © '? 4) etm I ankartks ' t ¨¬ NaEdlxS¬ gCagkareXj I Xatkr mkcabc ' gbs †I ma¬ jr' bsx ' n Á¬ enAng w mx u edm I ∫y I keTAsma¬ b' ? 5) etm I ankartks ' t ¨¬ NaEdl®tvU eKcabc ' gvaydM ykeTAdakK ' k u eday ≤tdg w ehtp u l?. Tk u T ≈ Sg5EbbenH yayeTogVnsa lT ' SgGs' Kb W Na† lmkBy I n Y ha

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Ny U – - enaExmn I a1948 nagGay´u mq ∏ S~ ®tvU ®Jt®' Vsm ' a† y“Bk u bgbn Ë Ì TSg bgM≈ ®tvU rte' calkmC ¨ı ae®kamEdlCamatP u m U T i 1 I e®JHnageTogeKcBb I eM rvI a . - enA´fT © 2 I 4-4-75 yn Y haNy U lc Y bneM¬ ®beI Qaµ HCaGgk  ar ecjbJaÇ [®bCaCnExrµ TSgGse' cjBT I l I eM nA lHbge' cal®TB¥sm∫ty †i a" ge®cI n≤tKNnaTk u [va . - enAkg ¨~ ExåsPa1975 Ggk  arbEM bkkn U tc U @ecjBx I n Á¬ . kn U ®seI BA enAmanGay1 u 0qS~ enAeLy I vabEM bk[eTAeFk √I arCaTmn © '. - enAyb´' fT © 1 I 1-11-76 ema" g8yb' Ggk  arecjbJaÇ [Xatkrcl U mkcabb ' s †I ma¬ jr' bsx ' n Á¬ nSykeTAsma¬ b' . - kg ¨~ Exmkra1977 Ggk  arbJaÇ [Xatkrmkcabc ' gxn Á¬ bEnm ƒ ®tt Y BI elT I k u ≈ EdlkB M g u Etqt Á vegg √ [dace' JHsa¬ be' nAkg ¨~ Kk u ´®BtaEbn …Kk u ®sI emma" y Edlst ƒi enAkNa† l´®Bqa© ydac®' syal . - enA´f2 © 6-6-80 beNrI† kn U cakecalmatP u m U T i 2 I bnßlT ' k u Tk w d[ I va eTAehy I ®sabE' ts®tvU c´®gtammkVjs ' ma¬ be' nAelT I k w d´I feTAeTot eda yvaykelsfa vaeVssG M atBk Y Exrµ vegg √ Cati ng i Bk Y bnbl u" -Bt edm I ∫I bP M n & E† Pk ~ Gnr† Cati ( sm U bJaÇ kf ' a enACrM N M gcn & n Ê g i eKakF¥g Ë Kaµ nExrµ vegg √ …bnbl u" -BtTalE' tesaH ) . eBlmanåb∫te†i htd u c * Emk ¬ enH BP i Belakke* pl Ì I eqaeLa, ®beTsEdl®sLajs ' nP †i aBng i yt u F †i m· manbJn ËÇ tN M agmkkans ' mrPm U i VneXI jpaÊ lE' Pk ~ CakE' sg † Casakßn I vU GeM BG I ®by i rbsy ' n Y haNy U EdlKaµ neKa rBc∫abG ' nr† CatG i T √I alE' tesaH . vaGagkmS¬ gTB & kmS¬ gGavF u vahafl nVjb ' M epa¬ gkSePg ¬I Fc M l U ®beTs´f edm I ∫s I ma¬ b®' bCaCnExrµ st Ë ¬ ®tg' EdlmanEt ´dTeTCae®cn I mn uW nak' Edlrtm ' kedkJsvalJs´®B enAelT I k w d´I feTA ehy I KvW aeFy √I a" gNak[ uM Exrµ GactseUfl nAelT I k w dEI xrµ teTAeTot . enAeBlenaHGgk  armns u ßFmV · nTTc U sd uM k w nSCn M y Y cl U mkkan®' beTsExrµ Etyn Y haNy U ng i Bk Y Gayg " EbrCabdei sF . deU cH~ ehy I VnCaGg karmns u ßFmd · k w CJn ËÇ Cn M y Y mkkanC ' rM 0 M 07, Ngcn & Ê ng i eKakF¥g Ë . Cn M y Y EdlGgk  armns u ßFmG · nr† Catn i SykmkenHk®* tvU Bk Y bd U y U mkbn ¬ ' ®BmCamY yng w ®TB¥sm∫tn †i g i Tn M j i ®KbC ' B M k U kg ¨~ CrM EM fmeTot . enAeBlenaHGgk  ar mns u ßFmk · V * neXj I edaypaÊ lE' Pk ~ nvU GeM Bd I ´* ®B´pßrbsy ' n Y haNy U .

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« enHehy I CalkN ≈ i @enA®beTsExrµ EdlbNa† l[ :´´nsÂga mBt nKrExrµ my Y TSgml U rlayedaysarkNa† b´' dyn Y ehy I EdlbJaÇ kf ' a cm∫SgenHKC W acm∫SgrvagExrµ ng i yn Y ». yayeTognk w eLg I KrY [Qc W abN ' as' enAeBlEdlKatV ' ndN M g w fa Pa~ kg ' arsa~ kk ' arCanx ' s ı G ' ˘s˘b˘TTl Y bnk ¨Ê CnePosxn Á¬ ( Haut CommissaY CnCaty i n Y CaGTP i aB ( priorité ) nSykec riat des Réfugés - HCR ) TTl jBC I rM C M abnaÊ n' . py ¨Ê eTAvj i CnCatEi xrµ Edlrge®KaHedaysarkgTB & yn Y edjVjs ' ma¬ b' EbrCa®tvU QbE' lgTTl Y eTAvj i . yayeTogyb M eNr†I frË© beNr†I – - { ! eTvtaelakeGy I ekt I mkCaExrµ ehtG u k √I G * PB & e√ mH¬" ? et´I fE© sk Ì eTA Caya" gNaeTAeTot ? etx I ®¨∆M tvU seM rcya" gdc U emc † ?

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CMBUkTI23 ‹ yayeTogcl U CrM M N.W.9 ‹ yayeTogCb Y by ufl -fajm ' j i ‹ yn Y haNy U manKeM ragkarNp _ a¬ se' Qaµ HrdF Ω anP I eM~ Bj ng i extn † ana Gsaç r¥Emn, ®KanE' tyayeTogbJaÇ kf ' a KatC ' aCaty i n Y Pa¬ m km * anGnu PaBdx * S¬ gka¬ . ®sabE' tGgk ˚ ar H.C.R. rtE' xg √ ´dExg √ eCg I beJj ç LanLg' rEU" vrmy Y e®KOgbrmkTTl Y yn Y Ekg ¬ ka¬ y dk w nSecjBs I aƒ nnrkelaky i eqaı H eTACrM M N.W.9 CabnaÊ n' . enAelL I anmanyn Y Ekg ¬ ka¬ yBrI ®Ks Y areTotGgy ¨ rgc ' SCae®sc . eBlenaH®bCaCnExrµ EdlkB M g u ®tvU rge®KaHedaybd U y U edjVjs ' ma¬ b' lHu ®keLkeXj I CnePosxn Á¬ TSg10nak' manvasnamanLanLgr' EU" vrmk TTl Y kr* tQ ' rU qrnSKa~ mksrY Btm · ancgd ' g w fa eFy √I a" gemc " VnCamanLan mkdk w nSecjBs I mrPm U y i a" genH ? . bEu" nB † eu TaÏ eGy I ! yn Y E kg ¬ ka¬ yTSg10nake' nHQbe' cHny i ayExrµ eTA ehy I . ®Kb@ ' Ka~ ®Kvk I ∫alrc Y eqy ¬ I fa – - hg u ebok@ ! mn i dg w @. LanenHmanPa~ kg ' ar H.C.R. BrI nak' ebk I brcakecjBk I Eng ¬ e®KaHfa~ k' enHeTA˘˘˘. LankB M g u ebk I brya" gelOneTAmx u yayeTogeqø¬ tbe®gonkn U TSgBrI [ ecHJk¥yn Y sx M an@ ' xH¬ @dc U Ca – seuM Pg ¬I , sG uM s u , ebk I Ggr˚ , ebk I Vy, eTA bgn  ˘' ˘˘. ema" g®bEhlCamy Y resoleTAehy I ´fT © 2 I 7-6-80 LanmkQbc ' t

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enAmx u CrM M NW-9 . Pa~ kg ' ar H.C.R. ke* hACnePosxn Á¬ TSg10nakc ' Hu BL I an rc Y nSbeNr†I eTA®bKl[ ' elaksk & 3 †i Cat´i fEdlCaGk ~ TTl Y xs u ®tvU CrM M . KNkmk µ arbJaÇ dly ' n Y Ekg ¬ ka¬ yTSg10nak' Qrtam®Ks Y arerog@xn Á¬ – - ®Ks Y arT1 I manEt“Bk u CaGtt I Gneu sny i ‰k mankn U ®sm I a~ k' ng i kn U ®bs u 2nak' . TSgGsK ' a~ mansb M ru exAµ bnc †i . KNkmk µ arcabG ' armN µ s _ gß& yfaCaExrµ kc * abe' pm †I eFe√I tsmn u . eKsaksrY Bei saFny _ a" glt iÌ ln Ì ' . bu" EnC † avasnalN Ì as' ®Ks Y arenHeTb I mkBeI xts † k u ®TSgkmC ¨ ı ae®kam . TSg “Bk u TSgkn U ny i ayPasayn Y dc U yn Y . - ®Ks Y arT2 I manma† yng i kn U ®s2 I nakt ' c U @ . br†I bsK ' atC ' aGtt I saÂsa† car¥ePosxn Á¬ eTAenA®beTsVrSgmn u . Katn ' y i ayPasayn Y Kaµ nTas' Kaµ nTal' . cmENkkn U ®sB I rI nakt ' c U @ KN:k kmk µ arKaµ nsaksrY Ge√I T . lHu dl®' Ks Y aryayeTog manGneu sny I ‰ _ kyn Y xagt∫g Ë ma~ ke' Qaµ H egø√ g-van " x ' aj' s®&µ Kct i s † s uM rY Bei saFn_ e®JHvaæfayayeTogmkB®I sk u ®takvU EdlCa®sk u keM Nt I rbsv' aEdr . eBlenaHyayeTogeqy ¬I tamsn M rY fa Kate' kt I enAXeuM POkhg uw ®sk u ®ta kvU extk † vI Lg ¨ ˘˘˘ eqy ¬I VnEtbeu" NHˆ kr* jrI jr& bne† TAeTotElgekt I e®JHV rmc ∏ eM JHkn U ®bs u 18qS~ ng i kn U ®s1 I 5qS~ Edlmn i ecHPasayn Y my Y ma" te' saH egø√ g-van " x ' ajG ' Egl Ì xg ~ yayeToglg Y elamfa – - sEuM mk " P uM y & eyg I mkdlC ' rM M NW-9 ehy I eyg I rc Y Tk u e≈ vTnaehy I x M∆¨s n ¥ a C Yy å b t ƒm ∏E m "

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Edlxs ¨∆M a lc ' ∫asN ' as' . deU cH~ xs ¨∆M rY Emm " y Y ma" te' Tot faetEI me" nAPm U N i a? - xe¨∆M kt I enAPm U ®i tam˘˘˘ egø√ g-van " x ' aj®' sabE' tGss ' gßy & kQ * bs ' rY Et®tm w hg w~ . xajk ' b * eNr†I yayeTogng i kn U TSgBrI eTAkanX ' S¬ gtk M l≤ ' v an " E' dlGgk  a r m ns u ßFm· pl † [ ' EckqS~ cansa¬ b®J kenl Ê mg u Py Y rc Y nSeTAkank ' Eng ¬ my Y Th M 2 M Em®" t bn Y ®Cg u manEtdb M l U edkpaÊ ld ' I ®bKl[ ' Emk " n U yn Y Ekg ¬ ka¬ ysN M ake' nA . CrM M NW-9 st ƒi enAeld I k I mC ¨ı a enAkg ¨~ ´®Bdac®' syalCabs ' a~ mePa¬ H EdlraCkar´fCk I srM abs ' K M al®' BEM dnExrµ -´f . CrM eM nHman´pd Ê ®I bEhl2hk i tar manTahan´fmx u kacsahavQrBt & C Ï vuM j i cma© y®VEM m®" tBm I a~ ke' TAma~ k' .CnePosxn Á¬ EdlsN M ake' nAkg ¨~ CrM eM nH ®tvU eKcatT ' k u faCaCnCabX ' u M e®JH Tahan´fhammn i [edrI ecjBC I rM C M adacx ' at . enAeBlenaH H.C.R. snd ~i aΩ n

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fa CnCaty i n Y enAkg ¨~ CrM eM nHmancn M n Y dle' TA4Jnn ' ak' Edlåbtm ƒ T ∏ n M k u brM g u ®KbE' bbya" gBs I N M aks ' asnakatl U k i . kg ¨~ my Y ´fE© ckVymb Ë˙ 2eBl ng i Tk w cn M n Y 4l®I tma~ k' . CrM eM nHeKcayEtVrC I n M s Y ly u . Cae®cn I ´fe© Tb I dg w fa manyn Y Ekg ¬ ka¬ yya" ge®cn I sN M ake' nAkg ¨~ CrM eM nH BeI ®JHyayeTogEtgEteXj I sk & b †i C I at´i fEdlTTl Y xs u ®tvU CrM M EtgEt eQa¬ H®bEkkya" gtg w sr´sk xSeFj µ dakP ' a~ kg ' ar H.C.R. EdlCaGk ~ TTl Y xs u ®tvU dk w CnCaty i n Y mkkanC ' rM eM nH . eBlKNkmk µ arehAeFe√I ts yn Y Ek¬ gka¬ ymn i ecHPasayn Y eLy I . yayeTogkl * blc Y edrI srY sx u Tk u G ≈ k ~ TSg enaH edayny i ayPasayn Y xH¬ Exrµ xH¬ eTb I dg w fa manyn Y Ekg ¬ ka¬ yya" g ehacNask ' C * agJkk ' Na† lEdr . e®JHBq I S~ 1975 manCnCatc i n i xH¬ Ca tEi xrµ ecHPasayn Y xH¬ eBlEdlevotkg u cl U mk®sk u Exrµ ®bml U GaNk i Cn yn Y ekt I enA®sk u Exrµ nSykeTAlakT ' k u enA‰®beTsevotNam Bk Y enHbnx M¬ Á¬ neFC √I ayn Y ePosxn Á¬ eTACamy Y . lHu dlq ' S~ 1979-80 kn * S®Ks Y ar®tLbm ' k kan®' beTsExrµ vj i . ®sabE' tPa∆ ke' ®JHeXj I yn Y haNy U cl U mkratt∫at JseBj®beTsExrµ eTAvj i eTb I ®Kb@ ' Ka~ Gacsnd ~i aΩ nfa Ggk  arGnamk i Ky W Y nhaNy U . BeI ®JHkg ¨~ qS~ 1975 ®km u enHVneXj I Ggk  arGnamk i sma¬ bE' xrµ ya" gvkv' eI daypaÊ lE' Pk ~ . Exrµ my Y nKrEdlmn i Tand ' le' vnsa¬ b' ®tvU Ggk  ar edj[ecjecalTl I eM nA edrI eTAedkJsvalJs´®B GtV ' yGtT ' k w . py ¨Ê eTAvj i eBlCamy Y Ka~ enH yn Y haNy U cl U mkkan®' beTsExrµ ®b ml U GaNk i Cnyn Y mancn M n Y 2Esnnak' ykeTAlakT ' k u enA‰®beTsevotNam manLan mankaNt U seNa† gTk U F@ M CHi ya" g®sl Y ®BmTSgmanV yTk w ®Kb®' Kan' .l. ®km u enHvl i mkdl®' sk u Exrµ ®sabE' tCb Y ®bTHlkl∫c i yn Y hany U e®bI esø~ tecar bn ¬ ' Vj' Gark sma¬ by ' a" gsahavkc M aymy Y elk I eTot . deU cH~ ®Kb@ ' rb U ylf ' a kll∫c i rbsG ' gk  arGnamk i ng i yn Y haNy U ecjEtB®I b PBCamy Y Ka~ . ®Kb@ ' rb U Kaµ nTB I g w xkxc U ct i G † ss ' gÙm w kn * S®ks Y arrtr' ht U mkdlC ' rM N M gcn & Ê manbN M gcl U kanC ' rM x M avGd uI ag®beTs´f . lHu dg w fa Y CnePosxn Á¬ CnCaty i n Y CaGaTP i aB ®bCaCnTSgenaHks * eM rc H.C.R. TTl ct i y † ksJaÇ tC i ayn Y mg † eTot ®tvU tamJk¥cas@ ' dN M alfa – - ®Kk U acss i ßxc U ! yn Y m¥" ageTotKEW xrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam CaBei ssGtt I emTahanGaemrk i Sg Ed

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354

l®tvU yn Y haNy U cabn ' SeTAltd ' d M ake' xa~ H…dakK ' k u kg ¨~ ry:3 3qS~ . lHu man vasnaesssle' nArsV ' nvl i ®tLbm ' kkanT ' l I eM nAPm U ®i sk u vj i k®* tvU yY nhaNy U XS¬ eml I ®Kbd ' egm ˙I Gss ' gÙm w kr* tm ' kkan®' beTs´f . lHu mk dl®' beTs´f ´fsa† bk ' arsnn Ê aPasaExrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam ´fyl®' cLf M aCayY n kb * Jn ËÇ yn Y CB M k U enHmkkanC ' rM M NW-9 mancn M n Y 400nak' . manbd U y U cn M n Y 400nak' EdlxH¬ CacarCnrbsy ' n Y haNy U kr* tm ' kbgb ˚ x ' n Á¬ kg ¨~ CrM eM nHEdr. cEM NkCnCaty i n Y sc u rç t i st ˬ ® t g B ' t i @ E d l e P o s xn Á¬ r t t ' ampvˬ eKak mkkan®' beTs´f manåbsK & y  a" ge®cn I K®W tvU rtq ' g ¬ kat®' beTskmC ¨ ı a Edlmanbd U y U yaml∫atya" ght µ c ' t' . ebvI acabV ' n

vavayeFT √I arN u kmrµ hU

tdls ' a¬ b' . ebEI xrµ ®khmcabV ' n vavayeFV √I bsma¬ be' calmy Y elk I eTot lHu mkdl®' beTs´f ´fvayeFV √I b . eb®I s@ I vacabn ' SykeTAreM laP rc Y sma¬ be' cal . eb®I bs u @ vacaby ' keTAsrM atdrU exaGav b®Jk ç fS~ bJH¨ç e®JH vadg w faBk Y yn Y Gse' nHEtgEtlakm ' aseB®Ctamefr~ exaGav ng i elblakT ' u kkg ¨~ ®kBH . manxH¬ ®tvU Bk Y vasma¬ be' calEfmeTot . deU cH~ ®Ks Y arnm i y Y @ Edlrtt ' ampvˬ eKaktam®beTskmC ¨ı a TrM SmkdlC ' rM M NW-9 ®tvU rge®KaHsa¬ b' Ct i Gs' . man®Ks Y arxH¬ ®tvU eKsma¬ be' calGsm ' y Y BC U . kg ¨~ ceM NamCnCa ty i n Y ®tm w ®tvU Bt i @ EdlePosxn Á¬ mkdlC ' rM M NW-9 enH man5nakk ' a¬ yeTA Caqt Á vkv' ,I 2nake' TACavegg √ . enAEk∫rG®gg w rbsy ' ayeTog manbgbn ËÌ Caty i n Y 2nakG ' gy ¨ kg ¨~ G®gw gCamy Y Ka~ kn U yn Y ma~ ke' TotGgy ¨ Ek∫renaHpaÊ ld ' I manGay®u sVlKa~ {b k∫alCgg  T ' lm ' x u ny i ayxßb i exßøvsa† bm ' n i c∫asC ' aPasaGe√I Ly I ®sabE' t esc I xS¬ g@rebobrHi Kne' Bb®Cay . yayeTogks * rY eTAkn U yn Y TSg3nake' naHCaPasayn Y fa – - etk I n U @esc I BeI rOgG√I ? ma~ ke' Qaµ Hby ufl -Km w Lg ¨ eqy ¬I eLg I fa – - Bk Y xn ¨∆M k w eXj I cge' sc I erOgGaExrµ ®khm vakacsahavNas' . vas ma¬ bE' tCatri bsv' a EteBlCb Y yn Y vaeKarBxa¬ cyn Y dc U xa¬ cxa¬ . by ufl -Km w Lg ¨ kn * T i anerOgrbsv' abne† TAeTotfa – - kalBq I S~ 1975 enAeBlEdlGgk  arTTl Y Cy & Cn M HPa¬ m Ggk  arbJaÇ [Exrµ ®khmcabE' m“ " x¨∆M ng i Em“ " «GaLk ¨ » nSykeTAsma¬ be' calPa¬ m Camy Y ng w ®bCaCnExrµ enAextt † aEkvya" gvkv' I . by ufl -Km w Lg ¨ ny i ayVnEtbeu" NHˆ

GgkarCanrNa ?

355

kE* breTArkbgvaehy I ny i ayCaPasaExrµ fa – - GaPg u ‰gny i aybnB † G I jeTA Gjny i ayyn Y mn i ekt I eTevy uI . yayeTogPa∆ ke' ®Bt I esc I ehy I kn * y i ayCaPasaExrµ tbeTAvj i fa – - crU ky Áµ Lg ¨ ny i ayCaPasaExrµ cHu xs ¨∆M a† bV ' nTSgGs' . by ufl -Km w Lg ¨ kn * y i ayerOgrbsv' aCaPasaExrµ ®cbk U ®cblC ' amy Y Pasayn Y bne† TAeTot – - kalBB I k Y yn Y cl U mk®bml U Bk Y xn ¨∆M SeTAkan®' beTsevotNam xe¨∆M nA tc U Nas' . kg ¨~ ry:eBl3qS~ xk ¨∆M r* tm ' kkan®' beTs´f . Pasayn Y xe¨∆M cH bnc †i bnc Á† ‰PasaExrµ xe¨∆M Pc ¬ sg w TSgGse' TAehy I . Lg ¨ bne† TAeTotfa – - xm ¨∆M anbgbn ËÌ ®bs u 3nak' . Em“ " xs ¨∆M a¬ bG ' se' hy I . bgT1 I eQaµ Hby ufl fajm ' j i Gay2 u 3qS~ . bgT2 I eQaµ Hby ufl -fajP ' g u Gay9 u qS~ ng i xG ¨∆M ay8 u qS~ . cEM NkGaLk ¨ Gay8 u qS~ . Exrµ ®khm®bml U Bk Y xT ¨∆M S g 4 n a k b ' Jl Ëç k g ¨~ kgclt & bg[ M≈ eFk √I arTSgybT ' Sg´f© . kg ¨~ Exkkd ˚ aqS~ 1977 ®sabE' teXj I yn Y cn M n Y 15nakc ' l U mkkank ' Eng ¬ Bk Y xk ¨∆M B M g u Etelk I Tn M bT ' k w rc Y ecjbJaÇ kg ¨~ namCatN M agGgk  arbga b[ ' Exrµ ®khm®bml U ®bCaCnyn Y EdlenAkg ¨~ kgclt & TSgGs[ ' Bk Y va . Bk Y Exrµ ®khmxa¬ cBk Y yn Y TSg15nake' naHNas' TTl Y eKarBbJaÇ edrI ®bml U kn U yY nekg µ @TSgGsV ' ncn M n Y 17nak' Edlmanxn Á¬ xe¨∆M nAeBlenaHEdr . Gk ~ Edl manGayeu ®cn I CageK Kb W gmj i Etma~ kK ' t' . Exrµ ®khm®tvU ®bEm®bml U rk Ggr˚ ng i mb Ë˙ [Vn®Kb®' Kan' ehy I ErkCn U deM NrI Bk Y eyg I eTA®beTsevotNa m . es∫øg®tvU erob[Vn®Kbs ' rM abV ' y2eBl srM abc ' n M n Y mns u ß40nak. ' lHu eFd √I eM NrI eTAdl®' BEM dnyn Y -Exrµ ehy I yn Y bga b[ ' Exrµ TSgenaHkb' G a vF u kg ¨~ ds I n i rc Y e Tb I vabga b[ ' Exrµ ®khmEsg≤van " b ' ne† TAeTotseM dAPm U i mL uI ay . eBlVy´f®© tg' yn Y bga b[ ' Exrµ ®khmeTArkTk w mkhb U . Bk Y vamn i dg w faenA®sk u yn Y mankEng ¬ Tk w ´®b mankEng ¬ Tk w sabeT . vadgTk w ´®bmk[Bk Y eyg I . yn Y eXj I deU cH~ kb * JaÇ [Exrµ ®khm{nk∫alsB M HseuM Ta sBk Y eyg I ®BmTSgsb †I enaÊ sdc U stG √ Jg wç . Kn W k w eXj I ®tgk ' Eng ¬ enHehI y EdlBk Y eyg I xn ¨∆M SKa~ esc I enaH . rc Y ehy I Bk Y ekg µ @yn Y TSgenaHke* sc I kack ' bne† TAeTot˘˘˘. yayeTogsrY eTAekg µ yn Y TSgenaHfa – - etb I gmj i rbs‰ ' gecHny i ayExrµ …eT ? by ufl -fajP ' g u ke* sc I mg † eTot ®BmTSgeqy ¬ I fa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

356

- bgmj i ecHny i ay ecHGanng i sresrGkßrExrµ c∫asl ' asN ' as' . enAqS~ 1973 Kat®' bLgCabV ' kD ' b u enA®sk u Exrµ . Pg u ®tvU Gakx ' anny i ay®tw meNH edayeXj I bgmj i rbsv' aedrI cl U mk . mj i æxH¬ @Bc I ma© y ks * mk ¬ ' mkbn ËÌ ®bs u va . EtPg u eFm √I n i dg w kn * y i aybnb ¬ e' TAbgvafa – - bgmj i Ga± GeuM TogecHny i ayPasaExrµ ! . enAkg ¨~ CrM M NW-9 mj i ng i yayeTogcgG®gg w VvedkCt i Ka~ Cae®cn I Ex . by ufl -fanm ' j i rabG ' an®sLajy ' ayeTogdc U ma† ybegt ˚I rbsv' a . vany i ay ®Vby ' ayeTogCahrU Ehfa – - xn ¨∆M k w @eTAKrY [ql © N ' asf ' a Bk Y Exrµ ®khmkacsahavNas' sma¬ b' Exrµ Cat‰ i g≤temta† . Etpy ¨Ê eTAvj i enAeBlNavaCb Y yn Y vaeKarBsa† bb ' JaÇ dc U ecAha√ y . mj i bne† TAeTotfa – - lHu nS®km u xm ¨∆M k d l P ' m U m i L uI a y e h y I yn Y kb * EM bkekg µ 16nake' cj edm I ∫b I Jl Ëç eTAkg ¨~ kgclt & Exrµ ®khm Edls®&µ Kct i k † eM TcskP †i m U n i g i c®kBt†i .

‰xn Á¬ x,¨∆M yn Y bJn ËÇ eTAkg ¨~ salaemeyaFaCamy Y ekg µ @Gay®u sVl

Ka~ Cae®cn I Jnn ' ake' Tot EdleK®bml U mkB®I KbT ' s i TeI nA®sk u Exrµ . Bk Y enH ecHExrµ ya" ge®CA®CH mansJaÔ b®& tdc U x¨∆M . els I BeI nHeTAeTot Bk Y enHdHu ct i † cgv' l i cl U ®sk u Exrµ vj i edm I ∫s I gsk w vayExrµ Edl®tvU eKnS[eFV √I tk u mvµ ayEm“ " bgbn ËÌ vakalBq I S~ 1970enAPeM~ Bj . lHu hate' ronecHcb' ®tvU pk w Tk w sm∫fyksJaÇ tC i aExrµ . åTahrNc _ eM JHrb U xe¨∆M nH eKdake' Qaµ H[xf ¨∆M a mt i m † a" g ehy I eKbJaÇ k®' VbB ' k Y xf ¨∆M a KB W k Y eyg I enHehy I EdlCaExrµ fµI Camaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ı aeTAGnaKt . yn Y haNy U VnbJ M ks ' k & [ †i xC ¨∆M aGneu sny I ®_ tI manPar:Caemkank ' a† be' yaFaExrµ ®khmEdls®&µ Kct i k † eM TcskP †i m U n i g i c®kBt†i Gaemrk i Sg . ml U daΩ nya" gFrM bsB ' k Y enH Ks W t ƒi enAEk∫rPm U m i L u I ay .

kg ¨ ~ Ex

km u :∏ qS~ 1979 yn Y haNy U bJn ËÇ Exrµ ®khm®km u enHcl U tSgml U daΩ nJseB j´®B´n®beTskmC ¨ı a . kg ¨~ ceM NamBk Y enH manx,¨∆M Pg Y , Lg ¨ ng i Lk ¨ Edl ®tvU eKbJn ËÇ mkkan´' ®BTakF ' m w~ extV † td ' b M g . mj i bJaÇ kE' fmeTotfa – - Bk Y xe¨∆M drI vagtam®beTslav, ®beTs´fLgd ' _ ehy I cl U mkkan®' beT sExrµ edaykatt ' am «pvˬ sma© tK ' rW g U Pd M ~ gErk» . yn Y h a Ny U dg w faxe¨∆M cHGkßrExrµ e®CA®CH vakb * Jl Ëç xm ¨∆M kkg ¨~ CrY bJvÔ n & † EdlCaGaNk i Cnyn Y ekt I enA®sk u Exrµ EdlecHsresrng i ny i ayExrµ ya" gc∫asl ' as' .

GgkarCanrNa ?

357

kg ¨~ qS~ 1980 yn Y haNy U EtgtSgx[ ¨∆M eFC √I acarbru s[vavj i . eqø¬ teB lEdlyn Y bJn ËÇ mt i m † a" gx¨∆M [eTAeFc √I arkc i eç nA®sk u mgl  brU I mt i m † a" gkl * c Y beNa† HGaPg u , GaLg ¨ ng i GaLk ¨ ecjBG I gk  areyaFaExrµ ®khm rc Y ehy I k* beNr†I Ka~ cl U kanC ' rM N M gcn & Ê ehy I Edl®tvU eKbJn ËÇ cl U kanC ' rM M NW-9 enH Etmg † . mt i m † a" gbJaÇ kf ' a vamn i cl U ct i b † eM ry I n Y haNy U eT e®JHvn i y & tg w rg w Nas' . neyaVyrbsv' aEsn®kLc i ®kLc ¨ ggt i Gnk Ï ar . va´q®~ bDt i yn Y [eFC √I aExrµ cEM NkExrµ vabEM bk[eTACa®km u @ rc Y vajH¨ jg®' km u nm i y Y @[ esb uI karN[ _ va . deU cH~ sB´√ fr© vlE' tesb uI karNE_ xrµ Ka~ ‰g edm I ∫p I a bc ' t i † ecAha√ yyn Y haNy U . mt i m † a" gsnd ~i aΩ nfa Ggk  arKy W n Y haNy U e®JHva VneXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ fa Exrµ ®khmxa¬ cng i eKarBbJaÇ yn Y haNy U dc U CaecAha√ ynay . kg ¨~ ExF1 Ë~ 979 bgbn ËÌ rbsv' aVneXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ fa Ggk  arbJn ËÇ eyaFaExrµ ®khmcn M n Y 7,000nak' [edrI cl U GnaÊ kE' xße®tomrbsb ' d U y U ehy I Edl®tvU bd U y U Vjs ' ma¬ be' calexc Ê enAEk∫rPm U m i L u I ay . mj i bJaÇ kE' fmCabJb ç e' Totfa – - yn Y h a Ny U Vne®BogKeM ragkarNE_ ®beQaµ HrdF Ω a nP I eM~ Bjng i ext† nanaCaPasayn Y rc Y ehy I . mankll∫c i my Y Edlyn Y haNy U e®bI – åTa hrNk _ alNayn Y cabE' xrµ ma~ kV ' n vaykmksrY cemy ¬I ebC I nrge®KaHenaH eqy ¬I eQaµ HextC † aextE† xrµ CnenaH®tvU eKecaT®bkanf ' aCa «carCn» rbs' xSµ geTb I ng w mkdl' VnCamn i dg w faextE† xrµ TSgenaH®tvU eKdrU rc Y Gse' TAehy I . deU ca~ HCnenaH®tvU eKXX uM SgTk u sn i . mg I eXj I eT ? esø~ tenHyn Y haNy U eF[ √I Exrµ xa¬ cCabX ' uM ! . eTaHbC I acg… ' mn i cgy ' a" gNake* day Exrµ xa¬ cCabX ' uM ®tvU Etbgc M≈ t i e† hA eQaµ HextE† xrµ enaHtamyn Y dak˘' ˘˘.

taragE®beQµaHext†BeI QµaHExµreTAeQµaHyYn eQaµ HextE† xrµ

eQaµ Hexty † n Y dak '

1- rdF Ω anP I eM~ Bj

®kg u hU Cm I j i

2- ®kg u kNa† l

®kg u ebnE®t

3- ®kg u sa√ yerog

®kg u Lg ¨ Gan

4- ®kg u taEkv

®kg u Ganya" g

5- ®kg u esomrab-åtr† manCy &

®kg u bj ui ®TeI Fon

GgkarCanrNa ? 6- ®kg u kB M gq ' S~ g

358 ®kg u hvU ya" g

7- ®kg u ekaHkg u

®kg u mj i hay

8- ®kg u ®BHvh i ar

®kg u Fnh ' ay

9- ®kg u rtn:KrI I

®kg u gabj ui

10- ®kg u ®kecH

®kg u sg ufl Ebrfl

11- ®kg u kB M ge' sam

®kg u ´hhg ¨√

12- ®kg u kB M gc ' am

®kg u ´tnj i

13- ®kg u ´®BEvg

®kg u dg u cab

14- ®kg u kB M gF ' M

®kg u dg u Nay

15- ®kg u Vtd ' b M g

®kg u k¥gNam …daNSg

16- ®kg u eJFs i at'

®kg u eTogya" g

17- ®kg u kB M t

®kg u ekonya" g

18- ®kg u kB M gs ' Wı

®kg u KvI Lg ¨

19- ®kg u sg w Ê E®tg

®kg u Px U aj'

20- ®kg u mNl Î KrI I

®kg u daLat'

manBtm · anxH¬ @eTotelcæmkfa Ggk  armanbJn Ë Ç eyaFaEdl®sLajs ' emc † “nSykeTA[bd U y U Vjs ' ma¬ be' cal Cabn@ † enATk I Eng ¬ epßg@ eTot . m¥" agvj i eTot eBlyn Y haNy U cl U mklk u ly u ratt∫at®beTsExrµ Pa¬ m (ExmkraqS~ 1979) vaedrI e®Cs I ers I rkExrµ ®khmessslE' dlCaXa tkrds * ahaveXareXA Edlmansa~ ´dFa¬ bs ' ma¬ bE' xrµ – - manGk ~ Fa¬ bs ' ma¬ bE' xrµ kg ¨~ my Y ´f5 © 0nak' - manGk ~ Fa¬ bs ' ma¬ bE' xrµ kg ¨~ my Y ´f1 © 00nak' - manGk ~ Fa¬ bs ' ma¬ bE' xrµ kg ¨~ my Y ´f1 © 50nak' Bk Y enH®tvU yn Y haNy U nSykeTAlakT ' k u enAPm U Ei ®BklvI ®sk u kgmas extk † B M gc ' am . e®JHyn Y haNy U manKeM ragkarNb _ egt ˚ I XatkrGaf· kV M g M dc U kalCn M anG ' gk  arGnamk i (qS~ 1970-75) eLg I vj i . vadake' Qaµ H fabEgk Ì bdvi tn † _. enA´fT © 2 I -11-1985 CnePosxn Á¬ Exrµ ma~ km ' kdl®' sk u VrSg . Ky W aypn u Gay7 u 1qS~ VnGHGag®Vby ' ayeTogfa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

359

- KatV ' neXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ nvU karerobcrM bsy ' n Y haNy U BeI rOg®bml U Xatkr50, 100, 150nakk ' g ¨~ my Y ´fe© naH . Kate' Xj I ng i sa lX ' atkrxH¬ @Edlsma¬ b®' bCaCnExrµ kalBs I my & bl u" -Bt . ≤LvË enHyn Y haNy U dw kBk Y TSgenaH rc Y ehy I Tn M k u brM g u [edksuI edrI elg srM akenAPm U Ei ®BklvI TS gGsm ' ancn M n Y 500nak' . bEu" ne† dm I ∫´I qy ~ keTAeFC √I aGe√I Tot KatG ' td ' g w eT .








GgkarCanrNa ?

360

CMBUkTI24 ‹ CYbelak®TIv-cUv ‹ kll∫icrbs'yn Y haNUybegIt ˚ r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ ‹ rNsirßCatireM daH®bCaBlrdΩExµrEk¬gk¬ay kll∫icrbs'yn Y haNUybegIt ˚ r≥C≥r≥b≥xEk¬gk¬ay cg u Exsh I aqS~ 1980, elak®TvI -cvU ( elak®TvI -cvU CaGtt I Gneu sny I _ ‰kkgkmS¬ gma" rn I Gaemrk i SgenA´®BnKr ng i CaesGG uI a CatEi xrµ kmC ¨ ı ae®kamekI tenAPm U k i B M gx ' ßay st ƒi enACay®kg u ®tavj i PaKxagt∫g Ë . Gk ~ nB i nd Ï ak' eQaµ HKatd ' eU cH~ e®JHerOgsns †i x u rbsK ' at' ) mkCb Y yayeTogenAkg ¨~ CrM M Y Ka~ enHkc * abe' pm †I srY sx u Tk u K ≈ a~ eTAvj i eTAmk . elak®TvI NW-9 . eBlCb cvU ray " rab " f ' a– - yn Y haNy U cabx ' d ¨∆M akK ' k u Gsc ' n M n Y 3qS~ . cg u qS~ 1979 xr¨∆M c Y ecjBI Bnn Ï aKar . xk ¨∆M v* l i ®tLbe' TAkanP ' m U k i B M gx ' ßay EdlCa®sk u keM Nt I vj i . yn Y XS¬ eml I x®¨∆M Kbd ' egm ˙I ecjcl U . xk ¨∆M c * eM rcct i r† te' cjmkkmC ¨ı akNa† l enAcg u Exmn I aqS~ 1980 . mkdle' xts † a√ yerog xV ¨∆M nCb Y elakeKog-e®TOg CaGtt I vr:eesny I ‰ _ k (sk & 5 †i ) kgkmS¬ gEmk " hk &√ ß ( Mike's Force ) . bcb ¨ç ∫ne~ lakCaembJaÇ karr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ PaKe®ty I xagekt I ´nTene¬ mKg . xk ¨∆M c * l U beM rrI Nsri ßenHPa¬ m edayKaµ nraErk . elakeKog-e®TOgnSxe¨∆M TAkanE' ®Bktamak' edm I ∫b I ga˙ js hkarrI bse' lakbn I ak' . elakBrI nakC ' aGtt I sk & B †i rI ePc ¬ eQaµ Hng i elakma~ ke' ToteQaµ Hfac' e®TO g EdlCaGtt I Ggr kßrbse' laksg W -gk u" fan' . elakfac' eTOgeTb I ng w

GgkarCanrNa ?

361

rc Y ecjBeI xa~ Hyn Y haNy U enAextd † aNSg . yayeTogny i aykate' Lg I fa – - xV ¨∆M nCb Y elakfac' e®TOg kalB´I fT © 1 I 6-4-80 enAT®I kg u Vtd ' b M g. elakVneTAlaxe¨∆M dm I ∫eI Posxn Á ¬ ecjeTA®beTs´f . l uH d wg f a e l a k e ® T O g m a n v a s n a e K c c a k p ut e ® K a H f ~a k 'y "a g e n a H e h Iy elakcvU e®tkGrCa´®kElg . elakkc * abb ' ne† TAeTotfa – - edayelakeKog-e®TOgdg w faxe¨∆M cHe®cn I PasaKEW xrµ , VrSg, Gge' Ks ¬ , yn Y haNy U , yn Y eh,√ yn Y xagt∫g Ë elakkn * Sxe¨∆M TAkanr' dF Ω anP I eM~ Bj edm I ∫I bga˙ jxn Á¬ dle' mbJaÇ karF´M nrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ . lHu eTAdlT ' s I a~ kk ' ar enaH xn ¨∆M g i elake®TOgVnCb Y embJaÇ karrgCa®sc I N M asm ' a~ k' Ca®bBnrÏ bs' Gtt I vr:eesny I ‰ _ kEdlGgk  arVnsma¬ be' caltSgBq I S~ 1975mkemH¬" . em bJaÇ kar®Vbe' yg I fa – - elakembJaÇ karFeM cjeTAbeM Bjebskkmeµ nAP®M~ bsT i p Ïi t u eTAehy I . elakeKog-e®TOgmankarCabnaÊ n®' tvU vl i eTAkan' E®Bktamakv' j i . ela kks * resrsb M ®u tmy Y c∫abT ' k u Cn U elakembJaÇ karFM EdlCa®bvtr†i b U bJaÇ k' Bs I mtP ƒ aBrbsx ' ¨∆M ehy I ®bKlT ' k u elx I n Á¬ xp ¨∆M aÊ lC ' aGk ~ kan' . enAeBlmk dlT ' c I atk ' arrbsr' Nsri ß xs ¨∆M egt ˚ eXj I ehtk u arNm _ n i Tn M gEdlKrY [ca bG ' armN µ c _ eM JHvtm † an´nTs I a~ kk ' arEdlcabb ' ds i neÏi nAck M Na† lT®I kg u . bnaÊ bB ' eI lakeKog-e®TOgecjpt u eTA xk ¨∆M c * abs ' aksrY saÊ bsg Ê B ' B I tm · a nng i saƒ nkarNx _ H¬ @Bs I N M akG ' k ~ ®seI mbJaÇ karrgenaH . yayembJaÇ kar rgkE* fg ¬ Gt Y Gagfa – - ®km u rbsK ' atV ' nbegt ˚I rNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘enAsg w Et®Kbe' xtk † g ¨ ~ ®beTskmC ¨ı a . emdk w nSPaKe®cn I manePTCa®s˘I ˘˘ Gk ~ ®seI nHerobraby ' a" gEvgnvU skmP µ aBnana CaTb I Jb ç x ' m ¨∆M ankarcabG ' a r mN µ n _ g i J k ¥ my Y Xa¬ ya" g®kGt W rbse' mbJaÇ karrgenaH Edlny i ayman kanx ' f ¨∆M a – - yn Y haNy U Kaµ nhafl nkk Ì eT !˘˘˘ elak®TvI -cvU bne† TAeTotfa – - xB ¨∆M c i arNaeml I eTA eXj I dc U Camn i Tn M gesaH e®JHeKalbN M grbsr' Nsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ Kk W arvaykeM Tcyn Y haNy U edm I ∫rI eM daHTk w dk I mC ¨ı a . cHu ehtd u c U e mc † VnCamanrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘my Y enAe®kam®cmHu yn Y ya" gdU

GgkarCanrNa ?

362

ecH~ eTAvj i ? kg ¨~ ry:eeBl2yb3 ' ´f´© nkarrgc ' Srbse' lak®TvI -cvU elakVneXj I Gse' lakGtt I sk & 1 †i , sk & 2 †i , sk & 3 †i Cae®cn I cl U mkTakT ' gembJaÇ karrgenH CahrU Eh . elakEfmTSgeXj I fa Gse' lakGtt I nayTahanTSgenaHVn TTl Y masma~ kb ' nc †i @BeI mbJaÇ karrgenaHeTotpg srM abk ' arcayvay . tammatb ' gc ÁÌ BeI lb I nb Ê s ' rM akrbse' lakenACanT ' 2 I elak®TvI -cvU eXj I manBk Y bd U y U edrI eTAedrI mkya" ge®Jg®Jt rebobXS¬ eml I EtelakKaµ neXI jsJaÔ NaEdlbJaÇ kf ' amankaredjedalsaksrY Gse' laknayTahan EdledrI ecjcl U cHu eLg I BG I aKarTs I a~ kk ' arenaHeLy I . la© c´fT © 3 I kB M g u EtGnHÊ GEng Ê rgc ' SelakembJaÇ kar ®sabE' tsemg ¬ eKaH Ta√ rtk u @kb * ne¬W Lg I . elak®TvU -cvU ke* drI eTAebk I Ta√ r ®sabE' telcmx u Gk ~ ®sI embJaÇ karrgenAcB M m I x u . Gk ~ ®seI nHny i ayeLg I fa elakembJaÇ karFeM Tb I ng w GeJj ÇI ®tLbm ' kvj i ehy I . elaksG uM eJj ÇI elak®TvI -cvU eTACb Y . eBleTAdlk ' ary i aly & elak®TvI -cvU Pa∆ ke' ®Bt I edayeXj I elakem bJaÇ karenaHCaÂsm †I a~ kE' dlKats ' a lc ' ∫as' ehy I Edlxn Á¬ elakCaPa~ kg ' ar esGG uI a man‰ksarng i rb U ftsma© tb ' JaÇ kf ' a Âse†I nHCayn Y bneM¬ FE√I xrµ ng i CaGtt I emExrµ evotmj i enAPm U ei mmt' extk † B M gc ' am . enAeBlCb Y Ka~ Ca´cdn¥ya" genH elakcvU pßge®Bgpa¬ sc ' t i p † a¬ se' yabl' . elakkc * abe' qy ¬I qg ¬ Camy Y yayyn Y enaHCaPasayn Y eh√ . elakni yay®Vby ' ayyn Y enaHfa elakeTb I ng w ecjBs I alaneyaVyCanx ' s ı ' eQaµ H X ( eQaµ HsalaCanx ' s ı e' nHenAT®I kg u haNy U xe¨∆M Pc ¬ eQaµ H ) enA haNy U . elakecHPasaExrµ xH¬ @ eTb I elakpS-vand ' g u bJn ËÇ elakmkeF√I Cacarbru senA®beTskmC ¨ı amy Y ry: . ®KanE' tæsrU eQaµ HsalaneyaVyCanx ' s ı e' naHPa¬ m yayyn Y Caem bJaÇ karrbsr' Nsri ßEkg ¬ ka¬ yenaH eCOTSg®sg u Kaµ nsgßy & eLy I e®JH manEtPa~ kg ' arcarkc i C ç anx ' s ı e' TeTb I sa l' . yayyn Y embJaÇ karenHeQaµ H Km w -elog . kg ¨~ rbbehg-srM n i yay Km w -elogmanmx u garCaemXS¬ genAT®I kg u kB M ge' sam maneQaµ Hfa elogja" n ( Liêng Nhan ) . yayKm w -eloge®kakeLg I edrI eTAbT w Ta√ r rc Y vl i ®tLbm ' kGgy ¨ Tlm ' u xelak®TvI -cvU ehy I ny i ayxßb i @lm µ EtæBrI nakf ' a–

GgkarCanrNa ?

363

- elakpS-vand ' g u Vnsn¥ang w bJn ËÇ xe¨∆M TAerons®U tenAsalaneyaV yCanx ' s ı e' nA´fN © amy Y . xn Á¬ xn ¨∆M g i shkareI PT®s@ I cn M n Y 35nake' ToteTb I ng w ecjBs I alaneyaVyCanm ' F¥menAextd † aNSg . salaenHGbr' ®M km u x[ ¨∆M ecHdk w nSrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘Ekg ¬ ka¬ y K®W tvU eFs √I kmP µ aBsrM bng w r˘C˘r˘b x˘EmnETnrbse' laksn W -sanEdlkB M g u Etbegt ˚I . enAT®I kg u PeM~ Bj yn Y haNy U catE' tgtSgxC ¨∆M aembJaÇ karFM . r‰ I sh kar‰ I eTot@ xV ¨∆M ncatE' cgbJn ËÇ [eTAbegt ˚I kary i aly & enAtamextn † anarc Y xH¬ @ehy I . yayKm w -elogyl®' cLf M a elak®TvI -cvU Cacarbru srbsp ' S-vand ' g u . deU cH~ ehy I VnCayayyn Y enHmn i lake' lomGe√I T . py ¨Ê eTAvj i Katx ' l M at ®tdag®Vbe' lakcvU [GsB ' s I kmP µ aBrbsK ' at' [carbru spaÊ lp ' S-vand ' g u Ekg ¬ ka¬ yenH eTAray " rab " ®' Vbe' cAha√ y . eFd √I eU cH~ yayyn Y enHsgÙm w fa eTA´fe© ®kay Katm ' x u EtqabV ' neTAerons®U tenAsalaCanx ' s ı ' X enaHCa mn i xan . bnaÊ bB ' V I nsa† by ' ayyn Y ®Kb®' Cg u e®Cayehy I elak®TvI -cvU k®* Bk W ∫a lng w EpnkarenH . elakPy & rnt Ï m ' n i tc i eT bEu" ne† lakx®M bml U GarmN µ n _ g w nreLg I vj i e®JHelakCaPa~ kg ' aresGG uI ama~ k' EdlmankarBei saFnk _ g ¨ ~ carkc i n ç g i esb uI Gegt ˚ Edr . elakcvU srY yayelogbnb ¬ f ' a ety I ayembJaÇ karrgenaHVncl U eron salaGbr' n M eyaVyCanm ' F¥menAextd † aNSg…eT ? . y a y e l o g ® K vk I ∫aleqy ¬I faGte' T ehy I b nf † a ® km u r b sK ' a tm ' anKa~ 36naks ' T u EÏ t®sT I SgGs' CaCaty i n Y Ekg ¬ bny M¬ ksJaÇ tn i g i eQaµ HCaExrµ dc U Caxn Á¬ Kat' ykeQaµ HExrµ kmC ¨ı ae®kam®tkl U Km w Caedm I . e®kABG I k ~ TSg36na ke' nH KC W aGk ~ beM rrI Nsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘Bt i @ . yayembJaÇ karrgrbsK ' atm ' n i dg w faKatC ' acarnarrI bsy ' n Y haNy U eT . eBlKat®' tLbm ' kBeI rons®U t enA´®BnKrvj i KatP ' ryayembJaÇ karrgrbsK ' atf ' a Kate' Tb I ng w mkBb I eM B jebskkmeµ nAP®M~ bsT i Ïi . kc i c ç rcarvagembJaÇ karrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘Ekg ¬ ka¬ y ng i carbru spaÊ l' pS-vand ' g u Ekg ¬ ka¬ y®tvU cbE' tbN u" g wˆ sn i e®JHybe' ®CANase' TAehy I . m un n wg T T Yl T a n d Me N k e l a k ® T Uv - c Uv k *d ut s Mb u® t r b s 'e l a k e K o g e®TOgecal ehy I sresrsb M ®u tEkg ¬ ka¬ yBrI snk w¬ CaGkßryn Y eFC √I asb M ®u t

GgkarCanrNa ?

364

ebskkmm µ y Y snk w¬ ng i sb M ®u tbJaÇ ebskkmm µ y Y snk w ¬ eTot . Esk Ì eLg I evlaema" g10®Bk w yayKm w -elogVneKaHTa√ rGeJj Ç I elak ®TvI -cvU eTABs i arVy . elakesø¬ kJkr' c Y Cae®scehy I Kt i fa ebV I yrc Y ehy I elakng w sl uM ayayKm w -elogeKcecjCa®bjab' edm I ∫n I SBtm · and* Gks u lenHeTAe®Vbe' lakeKog-e®TOg . erobcl U kant ' V u y ®sabE' tman ®sm I a~ kG ' ay3 u 5qS~ sm∫r¨ ng i mx u matd ' c U Cayn Y eKaHTa√ rrc Y ke* bk I cl U mkny i a y x ßb i @ C a my Y y a y Km w - e l o g my Y snH¨Ê . yayelogEbrmkseuM Tas elak®TvI -cvU rc Y kc * Hu BG I aKareTAtam®seI naH edm I ∫eI TACb Y KN:k kmaµ Fk i arBi essmy Y ®km u . eBlyayelogcHu dld ' I kB M g u CECkCamy Y KN:k kmaµ Fk i arenaH

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®TvI -cvU ke* Qa© klblc Y eml I tammatb ' gc ÁÌ elakeXj I LanEmrsEW dsmY ye®KOgBNe· xAµ manmns u ßCHi ®Vn M ak' . enAxagmx u Lanmanmns u ßma~ km ' a DmSCHi mt U" n U Spvˬ . enAxage®kaymanmns u ß2nakC ' Hi mt U" c U SkarJr . CECkKa~ my Y snH¨Ê FM KN:kmaµ Fk i ardc * Emk ¬ ks * B M Hsl uM ayayKm w -elog brLanca kecjBT I eI naH . y a y K wm - e l o g m ux j j wm v il ® t L b 'e L Ig m k C Yb e l a k ® T Iv - c Uv v ij . yayelogKaµ ncabG ' a r mN µ … _ s g ßy & Gb √I nc †i ceM JHvtm † anelak®TvI -cvU enA eBlenaHeT e®JHelakcvU manrb U r a g sb M ru smaneQaµ Hbny M¬ n Y ng i ecHPasayn Y ehy √ a" gc∫asl ' as' . eBleLg I mkdle' lvI j i yayelogeXj I elak®TvI -cvU kB M g u Eteml I lx i t i Ekg ¬ ka¬ ysresrCaGkßryn Y . yayelogks * rY eTAelakcvU fa etI elakGansb M ®u tG√I ? . elak®TvI -cvU eqy ¬I Pa¬ mfa – -xk ¨∆M B M g u EtBn i t i ¥kmvµ F i eI bskkkmrµ bsx ' ¨∆M e®JH´fe© nHx®¨∆M tvU ecjdeM NrI eTAkane' xts † a√ yerog . enAeBlVy yayelogTajeCg I ma" mkGgy ¨ Tlm ' x u elakcvU rc Y e®J k®VCG ∆ t Y nvU ebskkmB µ k Y GV M jmj i enH – - ®km u GV M jmj i enH eTb I ng w ecjBs I alaneyaVyGbr' C M anm ' F¥menA daNSgEdr . ®km u enHeronEpk ~ jH¨ jgb ' EM bkeF[ √I Exrµ yl®' cLs M ma¬ bE' tKa~ eTA . ≤LvË enHtamry:r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ (Ekg ¬ ka¬ y) rbse' yg I eyg I VnbJn ËÇ K Nkmaµ Fk i army Y ®km u manKa~ 4nak' EdlmanembJaÇ kareQaµ H « cn & Ê Pk†I »

GgkarCanrNa ?

365

®tvU eTAbeM Bjebskkmt µ ambeNa† y®BEM dnExrµ -´f . k∫n Á GV M jmj i enHeF√I deM NrI eTAkanP ' m U n i m i t i † . eyg I man®km u sma© tr' gc ' SenATeI naHehy I . KN kmaµ Fk i arBei ssenH®tvU manPar:kc i eç Fk √I arjH¨ jg®' bCle' mdk w nSExrµ ®Kb@ ' CrM M Edlst ƒi enAtambeNa† y®BEM dnExrµ -´f [yl®' cLd M e Nm †I GN M ac QbT ' k u ct i † EbkVk' sma¬ b' ng i sgsk w Ka~ Carht U eTA . enAeBlEdlyayelogkB M g u EtCkm ' at' ny i ayGt Y Bk I ll∫c i yn Y ha Ny U ®sabE' tæsrU semg ¬ eKaHTa√ r rc Y ke* lcecj®sd I EdlmkeTot . ®sI enHhc u sb M ®u tmy Y snk w¬ mkyayelog . yayelogGansb M ®u tmy Y cb' ehy I mx u jjm w kh * c u sb M ®u tenaHmkelakcvU ˘˘˘ '

elakcvU Ganmy Y ®ts Y ehy I elakPy & rnt Ï e' srÊI st ¨¬ saµ rtI elakhc u

sb M ®u t[yayelogvj i ®BmTSgny i ayfa elakmn i ecHeml I GkßrExrµ eT ets I b M ®u tenHeKsresrBG I √I ? . yayelogCamns u ßmanGn M t Y kT * Tl Y yklx i t i enaHykmkGan[ela k®TvI -cvU sa† b' . esckm †I anCaGaTf i a emdk w nSrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘eQaµ HeKo g-e®TOgCaGtt I vr:eesny I ‰ _ k ng i G tt I Gneu sny I e_ Ta2nake' Tot ®tvU bd U y U cabx ' n Á¬ rc Y ehy I . ®km u enHman5nak' 2nake' Totrte' Kcxn Á¬ rc Y KW fac' e®TOg ng i ma~ ke' ToteQaµ H®TvI -cvU !!! sm U ®km u yayelogtamdanteTAeTot .l. eBlenaHelak®TvI -cvU sg w dace' bHdg U ®CHu BeI dm I ®Tg U mg † eTot bEu" ne† la kxT M bs ' aµ rt[ I VnenAng w nr kg ¨~ kNa† lhg Ë√ Eqc ˚ ckenHdEdl mn i [yay elogsK M aln ' vU PaBtks ' t ¨¬ rbsK ' atV ' neT . elakeFC √I asrY edayql © f ' a ehty u a" gdc U emc † VnCabd U y U dg w fa®km u enHCa®km u r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ ? . yayelogjjm w ®BmTSgeqy ¬I eLg I fa – - xC ¨∆M aembJaÇ karr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘Ekg ¬ ka¬ y Par:kc i rç bsx ' ®¨∆M tvU catk ' artamdan rNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘EmnETn . ebd I g w fa®km u Namy Y manskmP µ aBxS¬ gka¬ Ga cbNa† l[mane®KaHfa~ k' x®¨∆M tvU EtraykarN[ _ bd U y U CabnaÊ n' edm I ∫[ I bd U y U keM Tc[VnTane' Blevla mankrNeI lakeKog-e®TOgenHCaedm I . elak e K o g - e ® T O g C a G tt I Exrµ esrI e®TOgFa¬ bs ' a l®' Kb®' Cg u e®Cay®beTsevotNam e®TOgCavr:esny I ‰ _ kkg ¨~ kgTB & Emk " hk &√ ß ( Mike's Force ) . elak e®TOgTakT ' gng w r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘st ƒi enA®BEM dnExrµ -´f eTb I TTl Y Vnmas®Vd M M Lg w ng i eTb I TTl Y Vnmns u ßsx M anm ' a~ ke' Qaµ H®TvI -cvU CaCnCatEi xrµ e®kam CaPa~ kg ' aresGG uI a . deU cH~ eyg I ®tvU EtkeM TcBk Y enHecalCabnaÊ n' .

GgkarCanrNa ?

366

lHu Vnsa† b®' Kb®' Cg u e®CayEbbenHehy I elak®TvI -cvU ®tvU Et®bjab' eKcfyecjBy I ayKm w -elog . e®JHelak®TvI -cvU cabm ' ankar®By Y Vrm∏ BeI ®KaHfa~ kr' bse' lakeKog-e®TOg Edlc∫as®' tvU Bk Y bd U y U eFV √I bCamn i xan e h Iy G a c n wg m a n e ® K a H k a c r h Ut d l 'x ¬Án e l a k p g e d a y s a r e l a k e K o g e®TOg®TSmn i VnBk I areFT √I arN u kmeµ nH eqy ¬I ®VbB ' T I k I Eng ¬ EdlelakkB M g u Etsa~ ke' nA . elakcvU bga˙ jsb M ®u tEkg ¬ ka¬ yBrI snk w¬ eTAyayKm w -elog ehy I ny i ayfa xm ¨∆M ankarcSVc®' tvU eTA[dle' xts † a√ yerogenAkg ¨~ eBlla© cenH . yayKm w -elogmn i ykct i T † k u dake' ml I sb M ®u tenHeT EtEbrCaCn U Br elak®TvI -cvU eTAvj i . elak®TvI -cvU x®M st U eFd √I eM NrI edayeCg I eTAkan®' beTs´f . elakcl U dlC ' rM N M gcn & eÊ nAcg u Exemsa1980 seM rcykCaty i n Y edm I ∫T I Tl Y sT i G Ï i aTi PaBVncl U kanC ' rM M NW-9 EdleTb I ng w begt ˚I eLg I . elak®TvI cvU mansts i m∫CJ:Ô Caty i a" gmt u e®CA . elakmanct i G † aNt i GasrU dlb ' gbn ËÌ Exrµ xH¬ Edlmn i Vndg w Bk I ll∫c i rbsy ' n Y haNy U ehI nSKa~ eVlcl U rNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘edaymn i dg w xn Á¬ . elakdg w ya" gc∫asf ' a my Y PaKFc M ∫asC ' a®cLc M l U kg ¨~ r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘Ekg ¬ ka¬ yenaH nS[mane®KaHfa~ kC ' a mn i xan . cabt ' SgBeI lakmkdlC ' rM M NW-9 Pa¬ m elakB¥ayamesb uI srY rkGk ~ Na EdlCaExrµ Fa¬ bs ' a lk ' ll∫c i ®kLc i ®kLc ¨ rbsy ' n Y haNy U ehy I EdlbM rg u ecjeTAkan®' beTsVrSg edm I ∫n I SdN M g w dc U EdlVnerobrabx ' ageleI TA Cn U Ts I a~ kk ' arrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘ . Exsh I a1980 elak®TvI cvU Cb Y yayeTogmanlkN ≈ dc U EdlKatc ' g' :d Vn . KatV ' nerobrab®' Vby ' ayeTog nvU erOgcarkc i d ç E* bk ¬ @Gsaç r¥Edlmn i gaymanExrµ esh ~ aCatN i aGacykkarNV _ ngay@…Cb Y ®bTHdeU cH~ eT . elakcvU VnerobrabC ' a®ts Y @xH¬ dc U teTA – - yn Y haNy U Casasn®_ kLc i ®kLc ¨ eVk®Vs' . enAelB I P i Belak Kaµ nsasnN _ aeFd √I c U eLy I . vamn i EmneVkEtExrµ eyg I eT sm U ∫EI tsasn_ Ka~ va kv* aeVkEdr . dc U CakalBvI aeFs √I Âga mCamy Y VrSgkg ¨~ qS~ 1945-54 va e®bG I avF u c∫Sgsma¬ bV ' rSg . cEM NkGavF u ct i s † a®s† vaeVkyn Y xagt∫g Ë EdleFk √I arCamy Y VrSg[eFc √I arkc i [ ç va EdlCaehteu F[ √I VrSgcHu caj®' tvU dk

GgkarCanrNa ?

367

fyB≤ I Nc ËÎ n i . ®BmCamy Y Ka~ enaHvajH¨ jgy ' n Y xagt∫g Ë [eFV √I bkc M ayExrµ enAkmC ¨ı ae®kam EdlmanGk ~ ecHdg w CaBei ss [rte' cal®sk u Tk u Tk w d[ I va enA . r‰ I xn Á¬ vavj i valakm ' x u ya" gCt i dEdl . lHu VrSgcaj®' tvU cakecjB≤ I Nc ËÎ n i yn Y haNy U ®tvU VnnKr3 Kt W g u kg w , GNaˆ m ng i ks U Sgsn uI (kmC ¨ı a e®kam) . vadake' Qaµ Hf[ µI ®beTsvafa – «evotNam» . rc Y ehy I va´llk dak®' t« I rs» ' kg ¨~ ®kLmy Y ®t« I sy ¨Ì »kg ¨~ ®kLmy Y epßg . ®t« I rs» ' KB W k Y yn Y haNy U Ka~ va [eTAxageCg I manhU Cm I j i CaGk ~ dk w nS . ®t« I sy ¨Ì »KB W k Y yn Y my Y Bk Y eTot[eTAenAxagt∫g Ë manega" -Dn i eyomCaem edayykExßbnaÊ t' ®sbT1 I 7 Ca®B®M bTlb ' eNa† HGasn~ . enAkg ¨~ sÂga myn Y -Gaemrk i Sg cabB ' q I S~ 1963dl1 ' 975 vae®bk I ll∫c i dEdlmg † eTot edayeVkyn Y xagt∫g Ë [eFc √I arkc i [ ç va edm I ∫vI ayGaemrk i Sg [c@ M cN M c u rht U TalE' tGaemrk i Sgdkfy . lHu dl´' fT © 3 I 0emsa1975 yn Y haNy U VnseM rceKaledArbsv' aeda y®bml U ykVn®beTsyn Y TSgml U . yn Y haNy U k« * sgKN u »yn Y xa gt∫g Ë vj i . vacabG ' eJj ÇI Gk ~ rdk Ω aryn Y xagt∫g Ë edaye®bt I amvF i eI VkbeJaœ t nanaeTAtamcN M c u exßayerog@xn Á¬ edm I ∫®I nEm®bml U ykeTAltd ' M dake' xa~ H eFT √I arN u kmy µ a" geXareXA ®tvU sa¬ bG ' sC ' ag1lannak' . TrM Sdg w xn Á ¬ fa caj' eVkyn Y haNy U vayt W eBlNase' TAehy I . ema¬" Hehy I Gk ~ Edlmanma seB®C kx * s M k U Vn " ' eFT √I k U dakm ' a" sn uI rtp ' ßge®BgmktamecAha√ ycasK ' W V rSg ng i Gaemrk i Sg (mansk & b †i y I n Y xagt∫g Ë ma~ ke' Qaµ H Khanh Vnny i ay ®Vby ' ayeTogfa ebV I n®tLbe' TA®sk u keM Nt I vj i Katn ' g w sma¬ by ' n Y ha Ny U mn i [slk ' n U xm çI a~ ke' Ly I ) . enAceM JHmx u CatEi xrµ vj i yn Y haNy U CasasnG _ ktJ † ËÔ . kalBq I S~ 1965vadg w fa Gaemrk i SgfbJn ËÇ TB & ®KbE' pk ~ eTAyn Y xagt∫g Ë mancn M n Y 2Esnna k' . eBlenaHvartm ' kEGbGbsemc † sh I nu edm I ∫s I t uM SgTB & eld I EI xrµ rc Y vabJn ËÇ bd U y U [mancn M n Y esn µI g w TB & Gaemrk i SgEdr . eBlNaGaemrk i Sgedj®b kt i mk vartc ' l U dEI xrµ . semc † sh I nu kaleNaHCamt i r† bsh ' U Cm I j i kE* ®s keCrtamvT i ¥e¨ pl ÌI eBjBP i Belak . e®JHehteu nHehy I VnCaGaemrk i SgkM eTcbd U y U mn i ekt I esaH . Gaemrk i SgCamhaGN M ac eKeKarBc∫aby ' a" g®tm w ®tvU eKmn i reM laPc∫abe' T eKmn i hafl ntamkeM Tcml U daΩ nbd U y U EdltSgenAk¨~ gTk w dEI xrµ enaHeLy I .

GgkarCanrNa ?

367

enAedm I qS~ 1970, semc † sh I nru te' caltEM Ng rte' calra®s† rte' cal ®sk u eTA®CkenA®beTscn i . eBlenaH CU eGnLay (cn i ) ng i pS-ySu gdg u (yn Y ) s®u˜fl KlK uM a~ eVksh I nu edaycabe' pm †I begt ˚I rNsri ßrb Y rm Y ®bCaCnTSg b´I nåbTb √I ≤Nc ËÎ n i enA´fT © 2 I 5-3-70 ykelsedm I ∫b I eJj ç bd U y U [vay keM TcTahanExrµ saFarNrdrΩ bse' lakln' nl' EdlCamaç sT ' k w dk I mC ¨ ı aBi t@ rc Y E®skecaTfa Cabrvi arrbsc ' ®kBtG †i aemrk i Sg . cg u Exemsa1975, yn Y haNy U seM rceCaKCy & dF * eM Fg ®tt Y ®ta®beTsevotNamTSgml U . cEM Nk‰®beTskmC ¨ı a ®tvU yn Y ®tt Y ®taya" gGafk · V M M g edayykeQaµ HGgk  arGnamk i mkedrI tC Y n M s Y . edm I ∫« I sgKN u » Ggk  ar eVksemc † sh I n[ u cl U ®sk u ehy I nSykeTAXX uM Sg rc Y vaEk´q®~ beTskm¨ı Ca[ka¬ yeTACanKr®JyseuI xaµ c .l. semc † sh I neu qq ¬ a¬ sresrsb M ®u tbI c∫abe' TATakT ' gGtt I mt i p † S-ySu gdg u . Etmt i k † ∫te' nH eps ∆I b M ®u tsemc † sh I n≤ u tebk I e®sam®tLbt ' bmkvj i . manGk ~ kaEstxH¬ srY pS-ySu gdg u BeI rOg enH pS-ySu gdg u eqy ¬I tbya" gkb M t u kb M y u eTAvj i fa sh I nK u aµ n®beyaCnG _ √I eT (Sihanouk à rien !)) . yayeTogsrY elak®TvI cvU bJaÇ kf ' a– - deU cH~ ceM JHerOgrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘enaH embJaÇ karFC M anrNa ? ehy I Gk ~ enAe®kambga bC ' anrNa ? elak®tvI cvU eqy ¬I Pa¬ mfa – - embJaÇ karFK M c W arCnrbsy ' n Y haNy U TSgGs' . cEM NkGk ~ eFk √ I ar Cabnb † naÊ bK ' s W maCk i r˘C˘r˘b˘x˘EmnETn . eBlenaHyayeTogyk´dTHfa© s ehy I ny i ayfa – - xy ¨∆M l' xG ¨∆M ss ' gßy & ehy I krNy I ayyn Y Km w -elog Cacarkc i rç bsy ' n Y haNy U lc Y bneM¬ FC √I a®bFanrNsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘Ekg ¬ ka¬ y KC W akJk ç ' TB i G √ acqH¨¬ eml I eXj I esø~ tyn Y haNy U tSgBG I tt I kalrht U dlb ' cb ¨ç ∫nk ~ a lenH . krNeI nH mn i xs u Ka~ Bk I rNG I acar¥Gnemon ehAsn W -gk u" mj i , …k rNG I acar¥sx u ehATU samt u , krNs I aLt ¨ -se ehAbl u " -BteT . sPaBxage®kArbsE' xrµ Gayg " TSgenaH KvW aeqq ¬ a¬ bga˙ j[eXj I fa vaeF√I karbeM rEI xrµ karBt i valc Y beJj ç skmP µ aB®sb@beNa† ybkßExrµ nana smM© lakB ' t u saÊ bsg Ê y ' kkarN_ ebeI Xj I faman{kaslÌ …manåbsKc  eM JH bkßva ®km u carkc i eç nH®tvU raykarNC _ abnaÊ n' ya" gsa© tn ' g i c∫asl ' asb ' p M t u

GgkarCanrNa ?

368

[yn Y evotmj i …evotkg u kJk œ y ' kCy & Cn M H…keM TcExrµ [Tan;eBlevla . ml U ehteu nHehy I e Tb I yn Y h a Ny U Gac´q®~ bDt i ® Bt w k † i a r Nn _ ana´n®b eTsExrµ eTACaggt i Gnk Ï ar . yn Y haNl U lakm ' x u VnCt i dEdl r‰ I Exrµ ecH Etyl®' cLvM vI kt ' eTAeTotKaµ n´fc © b' . sm U rÆ M keLg I vj i xH¬ B®I Bt w k †i arNs _ x M an@ ' – ‹ ®Bt w k †i arN´_ fT © 1 I 8 mn i a 1970 – - etn I rNavaysma¬ bE' xrµ ? - Ky W n Y haNy U Edle®by I eI hasemc † sh I nu [Bk Y bd U y U elatvay ®bharTahanrbsE' xrµ saFarNrdΩ . ‹ ®Bt w k †i arN´_ fT © 1 I 7 emsa 1975 – - elakln' nlC ' aGk ~ caj,' semc † sh I nC u aGk ~ CabX ' uM . deU cH~ etn I rNaQH~ ? enAeBlenaHeKeXj I fa Gk ~ c∫Sgmn i QH~ e®JHca jT ' SgGsK ' a~ . EtGk ~ EdlQH~ KG W gk  areTetI . deU cH~ etG I gk  arCanrNa ? ‹ ®Bt w k †i arN´_ fT © 7 I mkra 1979 – ≤LvË enHeyg I eXj I CakE' sg † fa XatkrCatN M agrbsG ' gk  ar Edls ma¬ b®' bCaCnExrµ kg ¨~ smy & Bk Y bnbl u" -Bt Bq I S~ 1975dl1 ' 979enaH enArs' revk I ehy I manyn Y haNy U ecjmx u mkCn M s Y Ggk  ar mkCy Y karJr . mn i Etbeu" Naˆ H Bk Y vaenHEfmTSgVnyn Y haNy U bJ M kb ' N u ¥sk & †i kank ' a† bG ' M NacdEdl ehy I Vnfe¨˚M fg ˚I rg u erOg sx u san† ®besrI CagExrµ Camaç sT ' k w dI eTAeTot . deU cH~ ceM JHGk ~ ecHtamdan eKeXj I kll∫c i enHelcecjenAkNa† l val . cEM Nk®km u Exrµ Gayg " yn Y lHu vaVnkank ' a† bG ' N M acehy I Bk Y vaKt i EtbM pc ¬i bp M a¬ j®TB¥sm∫tr†i dΩ vaKt i EtBs I ma¬ bk ' c M ayExrµ st ˬ ®tg' tamGeM BeI Prvkmn µ ana manbn ¬ ' lc Y qk' TSgkNa† l´f®© tgk ' m * an . edm I ∫b I P M n & m † tG i nr† Catn i g i mtEi xrµ TeU TA[yl®' cLvM vI k' vabJn ËÇ Gayg " bu" l-Btrbsv' a eTAeFC √I aGc ~ aje' nA®beTscn i rc Y vaelk I bnb ¨† hn u fl -Esn, ehg srM n i , Ca-sm uI eFC √I aGk ~ QH~ vj i mg † . bEu" nk † g ¨~ ceM NamExrµ TSgenaH TSgGk ~ QH~ TSgGk ~ caj' etn I rNaCaGk ~ QH~ EmnETn eby I n Y haNy U enABeI ®kay CaGk ~ bJaÇ ehy I EfmTSgmancn i CaGk ~ KS®Tpl † G ' avF u ng i emeronpg . elak®TvI cvU srY yayeTogfa –

GgkarCanrNa ?

369

- tamBtm · anya" gc∫ask ' arN_ eyg I dg w fakg ¨~ eBlenH cn i kB M g u Etpl † ' GavF u [Exrµ ®khmkatt ' am®beTsesom . etEI xrµ ®khmEdlTTl Y GavF u enaH CaExrµ ®khmenAkg ¨~ ®km u Na ? . yayeTogeqy ¬I tbeTAelak®TvI cvU fa – - bJa˙ Exrµ ®khmCaerOgmy Y sK ¨µ saµ jNas' . xV ¨∆M neXj I paÊ lE' Pk ~ k¨~ gsmy & bnbl u" -Bt eXj I faBk Y Exrµ ®khmnn i a~ karExrµ ®tvU Bk Y ®km u XatkrGa fk · V M g M ecjmkBt & V Ï js ' ma¬ be' calGsC ' ae®cn I elk I e®cn I sarmkehy I . enAkg ¨~ enaHmanTSgemdk w nSEdleKehAfa «kmaµ PV i l» k®* tvU eKsma¬ be' ca lGse' TAehy I Edr . ebt I amxK ¨∆M t i eml I eTA Exrµ ®khmEdlesssle' nA rs' ®tvU EtdacE' xßry:rVt " r' Vy " ®tvU rse' nAedaymeF¥aVypaÊ lx ' n Á ¬ . eda ysarGsC ' n M y Y ng i Exßry:BeI meky I xagelI my Y cn M n Y ®tvU EteFe√I caredrI bn ¬ ' Gk ~ ®sk u edm I ∫rI sp ' g eFC √I aExrµ ®khmpg . cEM Nk‰Exrµ ®khmdx * S¬ gka¬ vj i Edlmanemdk w nSng i vn i y & ya" g®tm w ®tvU , manExßry:ht µ c ' t' ng i manGavF u KW Exrµ ®khmnn i a~ karyn Y . edm I ∫s I ma¬ bb ' p M t u BC U Exrµ yn Y haNy U B¥ayambeg˚I t «Exrµ ®khm» [eFk √I ar®sbCamy Y Exrµ ®khmmy Y ®km u eTotrbse' xov-sp M n dc U EdlmankrNrI Nsri ßr˘C˘r˘b˘x˘rbse' laksn W -sanGJg w ç Edr . enHKC W akll∫c i rbsy ' n Y haNy U EdlvaEtgEte®bm I kel®I Kb@ ' ®km u ng i bkßExrµ enA®Kbe' BlevlatSgBy I rU yarNasm ' kehy I . e r O g cn i e bk " S g pl † G ' a vF u [ ® km u Exrµ ®khmbl u" -Bt enaHCaPst ¨† a g C a k ' Esg † Kc W n i s®u˜fl KlC uM amy Y yn Y haNy U Canc i ç e®JH®km u bl u" -Btkd * c U Ca®km u yayKm w -elogEdr Kb W l u" -BtCacarbru srbsb ' kßkm u y ¨µ ns i ≤ † Nc ËÎ n i tSg Bq I S~ 1951mkemH¬" . ( sm U ebk I rgg √ ®' kckbP M b W¬ gbn ËÌ Exrµ bnc †i BeI rOgenH . enAqS~ 1983 enA®sk u VrS g xV ¨∆M nGanmesovePAmy Y EdlmancN M geCg I fa – Concerto du Fleuve jaune r b sG ' k ~ e V H Bm u ı Robert Laffont. . esovePAenHVnerobrabB ' I «qSµ ®khm» rbs®' bFanemA" -esTg u Cn M anb ' dvi tn † v_ b∫Fmc · n i qS~ 1966 . kareFT √I arN u kmeµ TA el®I bCaCncn i manCaåTahrNe_ TAel®I Ks Y arGk ~ ®seI cA-Cj i lm I ansPaB ng i esø~ t mn i xs u Bk I areFT √I arN u kmeµ TAel®I bCaBlrdEΩ xrµ enAsmy & bl u " -BteT . esovePAmy Y eToteQaµ H «Pas de larme pour Moa» » VnerobrabB ' T I arN u kmµ rbsq ' Sµ ®khmeTAel®I Ks Y arGk ~ ®sI nn U U eF[ √I xQ ¨∆M c W ab®' skT ' k w EPk ~ nk w eXj I eTA dlT ' arN u kmrµ bst ' mNagGgk  ar eFm √I kel®I Ks Y arxE¨∆M dr . erOgenHcEmk ¬ Na

GgkarCanrNa ?

370

s' emdk w nSExrµ ®tvU EtxeM rons®U t[dg w c∫asl ' asB ' eI rOgenH mn i KrY beNa† yxn Á¬ [caje' Vkcn i caje' Vkyn Y beNa† y[Bk Y vaeFT √I arN u kmeµ TAel®I bCaCnExrµ deU cH~ teTAGnaKteToteLy I ). elak®TvI -cvU srY eTotfa – - yn Y haNy U Caevotmj i k†I Caevotkg u k†I vabegt ˚I carkc i V ç nya" glt iÌ ln Ì ' rc Y bJn ËÇ bJl Ëç Bn Y ®Cke®kamsr´s´nbkßneyaVyExrµ nana sml M© a kB ' t u eFs √ I k mP µ aB®sb@beNa† y rc Y lc Y r a y k a r N[ _ yn Y h a Ny U keM Tc Exrµ ®Kb®' Cg u e®Cayya" genaH ets I emc † neratm † -sh I n,u elakexov-sp M nk†I dg w …eT ? . yayeTogæsn M rY enH Katm ' ankarQc W abN ' as' . Katn ' k w eXj I sB®√ K be' TA mankarxaµ se' GonCa´®kElg . my Y snH¨Ê Katk ' b * ne† TAeTotfa – - {elakeGy I ! Exrµ eyg I GPB & N √ as' . Exrµ ekt I mk®Kb@ ' Cn M an' Cb Y ®b THEtemdk w nSxH√ smtP ƒ aB . ma~ k@ ' cl U ct i E† t[eKbeJaÇ r . ‰gPrGjkP * r eTAcHu Etebb I eJc çI beJ®Iç tvU ct i G † jehy I GjeBjct i N † as' ‰geFG √I k I e* F√I eTA ! . kg ¨~ ry:b bn Y qS~ yn Y haNy U e®bEI teQaµ H «Ggk  ar» vaGaceF[ √I Exrµ sa¬ b' rabl ' annak,' Gk ~ Edlsle' nArs' eTACaqt Á vegg √ ®TB¥sm∫tr†i layGsm ' Y ynKrExrµ , GaNk i Cnyn Y BrI Esnnak®' tvU Bk Y va®bml U ykeTAlakT ' k u enA ®sk u yn Y srM aby ' kmkeFC √I a «Exrµ f» µI . dN M akk ' ardlb ' N u" g wˆ ehy I emdk w nSExrµ enAsmeM© sø© msa© t' hakd ' c U Ca mn i dg w mn i y lG ' T √ I S g G s ' . yn Y h a Ny U kB M g u E t lk u ly u e B j ® sk u Exrµ ehty u a" gdc U emc † kG * se' lakGk ~ dk w nSTSgenH mn i E®skGJ M vnavBP i Belak [eKCy Y ? xm ¨∆M n i EdlæelakNany i ayEvkEjk[Exrµ ng i breTsylB ' I lkN ≈ Bt i ´nsÂga menAkmC ¨ı aenHesaH . ≤LvË enHeTot Exrµ kB M g u EtedrI ec:B jecalTk w d[ I yn Y eTotehy I . deU cH~ sB´√ fe© nHkd * c U Ca´fm © n u emdk w nSExrµ TSgGsK ' aµ nGN M ac …≤TB Ïi l Ge√I TAelEI xrµ ®khm EdlkB M g u EtbeJj ç skmP µ aBJseBj´®B´n®beTs Exrµ enaHeLy I . sB´√ fe© nH, Gk ~ EdlmanlTP Ï aB GaceFt √I amGeM Bc I t i k † g ¨~ ®beTsExrµ Ky W Y nhaNy U TSg®sg u Edlmancn i s®u˜fl Kly uM a" gsa© t' vaGacbegt ˚I Gk ~ QH~ va Gacbegt ˚I Gk ~ caj' vaGacbegt ˚I Exrµ ®khm®sLaje' sc † vaGacbegt ˚I Exrµ ®bqS

GgkarCanrNa ?

371

gExrµ ®khm .l. ng i .l. cEM Nkvavj i vaBn Y kg ¨~ Tg I gt i cSjakE' xß jS¨ [Exrµ yl®' cLvM vI k' elats ma¬ bE' tCat‰ i g. elak®TvI cvU smg w¬ mx u yayeTogya" gyrU eTb I srY fa – - etc I abt ' SgBq I S~ 1975rht U mk manExrµ NacabG ' armN µ y _ lf ' a Ggk  ar Gnamk i Cayn Y haNy U …eT ? yayeTogbJaÇ ke' TAelakcvU fa – - kg ¨~ kal:eeTs:d då * b®TBenaH ®bCaCnExrµ TeU TAGss ' gÙm w ®Kb@ ' rb U edkcSEt´fs © a¬ b' e®JHmn i dg w faeBlNatN M agrbsG ' gk  arng w cl U mkcab' cgykeTAsma¬ b' . Tk u ®≈ tt Y elT I k u ≈ ral´' fE© xqS~ Kaµ neBl®sak deU cH~ ma~ k@ ' enAslE' trb U ragkay Et®Blg w ehaHehrI Bx I n Á¬ Gsr' lg I eTAehy I . etm I an slg ' s √I rM abe' Fk √I ar®tHi rHi Bc i arNa ? .

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