Mix and Match – The Plot of Animal Farm as an allegory for Communist Russia  The animals’ lives are “miserable, laborious and short”.

 Karl Marx formulates the theory of Communism. (A)

 Man does not produce anything, and instead lives off the work of the animals.

 Tsar Nicholas II’s poor leadership leads to famine and food shortages. (B)

 Mr Jones rules over the farm and forgets to feed his livestock.

 The aristocracy (upper class) exploits the peasants and workers. (C

 Old Major comes up with the philosophy of Animalism.  The animals take over the farm and chase Mr Jones out.

 Stalin makes a deal with Hitler, who then invades Russia. England does not help because they see Stalin as evil. (D)

 Squealer feeds the animals misinformation in order to manipulate them.

 Stalin encourages a ‘cult of personality’ wherein he is worshipped by the Russian people. (E)

 Moses tells the animals stories of ‘Sugarcandy Mountain’, a paradise that animals go to after they die, and is looked after by Mr Jones.

 Stalin pushes the Russian people to complete his ‘Five Year Plans’ so that Russia can become more modern. (F)

 The animals decide that all work should be shared by all.

 Marxism teaches that labour should be divided equally by all people. (H)

 Napoleon is not charismatic but is able to use certain other animals to his advantage.  Napoleon trains the pups to be his loyal and vicious servants.  The other farmers attack Animal Farm to try and take it back from the animals.  Snowball wants to spread Animalism to other farms.  Napoleon wants to concentrate on protecting and defending Animalism in just Animal Farm.  There is a power struggle between Napoleon and Snowball, ending with Snowball’s expulsion from Animal Farm.  Old Major’s skull is displayed in a central location for all the animals to see.  The animals are put to work with the extremely difficult goal of building a windmill.  Napoleon decides to start trading with the farmers.  The absent Snowball is blamed for the destruction of the windmill.  Boxer’s motto of ‘I will work harder’ inspires the other animals.  Animals are forced to confess to false crimes before being executed.  The windmill remains unbuilt after so much effort.  Napoleon is worshipped as the ‘Father of All Animals’.  Napoleon makes a deal with his enemy, Frederick. The farmer then betrays him. Meanwhile, the other farmer, Pilkington, refuses to help after being treated poorly by Animal Farm in the past.  Animal Farm becomes the thing it rebelled against.

 The Tsar is kicked off the throne after the Russian Revolution. (G)

 Stalin is not a particularly popular leader but he excels at playing people off against each other. (I)  The Russian peasants and workers (the proletariat) live in very poor conditions. (J)  Stalin forces his enemies to confess in public ‘show trials’ before executing them. This is known as ‘The Purges’. (K)  Stalin makes use of the NKVD (Russian secret police) to punish his enemies. (L)  Other countries and former allies of the Tsar attack the communists in the Russian Civil War. (M)  The communist leader Trotsky wants to spread Marxism throughout the world. (N)  Stalin wants to concentrate on preserving communism in Russia and doesn’t care about spreading Marxism to other countries. (O)  Communist Russia becomes a totalitarian regime. (P)  There is a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky, ending with Trotsky being exiled from Russia. (Q)  The Five Year Plans fail after being interrupted by WWII. (R)  The perfect worker Stakhanov is used in propaganda to inspire other Russian workers. (S)  The Communist Party uses propaganda and censorship to influence the Russian people. (T)  Stalin decides to start trading with the rest of Europe. (U)  Stalin blames Trotsky for all of Russia’s problems. (V)  Eastern Orthodox priests pacify the Russian people with tales of Heaven and Jesus, and have close ties with the Tsar of Russia. (W)  Lenin’s body is displayed in Moscow for the Russian people to pay their respects to. (X)