8/12/2017

AP Human Geography - List View - All Objectives [CCSD Curriculum Engine]

Date Printed: 8­12­17

AP Human Geography ­ List View ­ All Objectives

Printed By: Pate Thomas

 

1. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10

Define geography as a field of inquiry. Explore major geographical concepts underlying the geographical perspective: location, space, place, scale, pattern, nature and society, regionalization, globalization, and gender issues. Use and think about maps and geospatial data. Understand and interpret the implications of associations among phenomena in places. Recognize and interpret at different scales the relationships among patterns and processes. Define regions and evaluate the regionalization process. Characterize and analyze changing interconnections among places. Use geospatial technologies, such as GIS, remote sensing, global positioning systems (GPS), and online maps. Use Sources of geographical information and ideas: the field, census data, online data, aerial photography, and satellite imagery. Identify the major world regions; i.e. North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Sub­Saharan Africa, Russian Federation, Asia, Oceania, Antarctica, Canada, United States, Latin America, Caribbean, Polynesia, Middle East, and West Africa.

2. Population and Migration 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

Analyze population including density, distribution, scale, composition: age, sex, income, education, and ethnicity, patterns of fertility, mortality, and health. Analyze Population growth and decline over time and space including historical trends, projections for the future, theories such as the Demographic Transition Model, regional variations of demographic transition. Explain the effects of national population policies such as promoting population growth in some countries or reducing fertility rates in others. Describe the environmental impacts of population change on water use, food supplies, biodiversity, the atmosphere, and climate. Explain the effects of natural hazards on population: impacts on policy, economy, and society C. Migration 1. Types of migration: transnational, internal, chain, step, seasonal agriculture (e.g., transhumance), and rural to urban. Identify and explain the major historical migrations including their consequences, push and pull factors, refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons.

3. Cultural Patterns and Processes 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Define the concepts of culture including; culture traits, diffusion patterns, acculturation, assimilation, multiculturalism, cultural region, vernacular regions, culture hearths. Explain globalization and the effects of technology on cultures. Identify and analyze cultural differences and regional patterns including language, religion, ethnicity, nationalism, attitudes toward gender, popular and folk culture. Explore cultural conflicts, and law and policy to protect culture. Identify cultural landscapes and cultural identity i.e. symbolic landscapes and sense of place, differences in cultural attitudes and practices toward the environment, and indigenous peoples.

4. Political Organization of Space 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11

Explain the concepts of political power and territoriality including the nature, meaning, and function of boundaries. Explain the influences of boundaries on identity, interaction, and exchange. Describe the organization of federal and unitary states, confederations, centralized government, and forms of governance. Identify the spatial relationships between political systems and patterns of ethnicity, economy, and gender. Define Political ecology including the impacts of law and policy on the environment and environmental justice. Define the nation­state concept, colonialism, imperialism, and democratization. Explain the effects of the fall of communism and legacy of the Cold War. Analyze the patterns of local, regional, and metropolitan governance. Describe the changes and challenges of political­territorial arrangements including sovereignty, fragmentation, unification, cooperation, supranationalism, international alliances, devolution of countries: centripetal and centrifugal forces. Explain electoral geography: redistricting and gerrymandering. Explore armed conflicts, war, and terrorism over time.

5. Agriculture, Food Production, and Rural Land Use 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8

5.9 5.10 5.11

Describe the development and diffusion of agriculture including; Neolithic Agricultural Revolution, Second Agricultural Revolution, Green Revolution and Large­scale commercial agriculture and agribusiness. Define the major agricultural production regions including variations within zones and their effects on the market. Identify the agricultural systems associated with major bioclimatic zones. Explain the interdependence among regions of food production and consumption. Describe rural land use and settlement patterns including von Thünen’s model, settlement patterns associated with major agriculture types: subsistence, cash cropping, plantation, mixed farming, monoculture, pastoralism, ranching, forestry, fishing and aquaculture. Explain land use/land cover change: irrigation, desertification, deforestation, wetland destruction, conservation efforts to protect or restore natural land cover, and global impacts. Define the roles of women in agricultural production and farming communities. Discuss the issues in contemporary commercial agriculture including biotechnology such as genetically modified organisms (GMO), spatial organization of industrial agriculture, including the transition in land use to large­scale commercial farming and factors affecting the location of processing facilities. Identify environmental issues such as soil degradation, overgrazing, river and aquifer depletion, animal wastes, and extensive fertilizer and pesticide use. Explain the implications of organic farming, crop rotation, value­added specialty foods, regional appellations, fair trade, and eat­local­food movements. Describe global food distribution, malnutrition, and famine.

6. Industrialization and Economic Development 6.1 6.2 6.3

6.4 6.5 6.6

Explain the growth and diffusion of industrialization including the Industrial Revolution and the changing roles of energy and technology. Describe models of economic development: Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth and Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory. Critique models of industrial location including bid rent, Weber’s comparative costs of transportation and industrial location in relation to resources, location of retailing and service industries, and local economic development within competitive global systems of corporations and finance. Use social and economic measures of development including gross domestic product, GDP per capita, Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, income disparity and the Gini coefficient, fertility and mortality rates. Describe the impact of the access to health care, education, utilities, and sanitation on economic development. Explain the spatial organization of the world economy including the variations in levels of development, deindustrialization, economic

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8/12/2017 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11

AP Human Geography - List View - All Objectives [CCSD Curriculum Engine] restructuring, the rise of service and high technology economies. Describe the effects of economic globalization, manufacturing in newly industrialized countries (NICs), and the international division of labor. Explain the effects of economic development i.e. natural resource depletion, pollution, and climate change. Define sustainable development. Identify government development initiatives at the local, regional, and national levels. Describe the roles of women in development and gender equity in the workforce.

7. Cities and Urban Land Use 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13

Identify the origin of cities; site and situation characteristics, forces driving urbanization. Explain Borchert’s epochs of urban transportation development. Identify the world’s major cities and megacities. Describe the suburbanization processes. Explain the models of urban hierarchies: reasons for the distribution and size of cities including; Gravity model, Christaller’s central place theory, rank­size rule, and primate cities. Identify the strengths and limitations of models of internal city structure and urban development including; Burgess concentric zone model, Hoyt sector model, Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model, Galactic city model. Describe the models of cities in Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East, sub­Saharan Africa, East Asia, and South Asia . Describe built environments and social spaces including; types of residential buildings, transportation and utility infrastructure, political organization of urban areas, urban planning and design (e.g., gated communities, New Urbanism, and smart­growth policies). Analyze census data on urban ethnicity, gender, migration, and socioeconomic status. Describe the characteristics and types of edge cities: boomburgs, greenfields, uptowns. Explain contemporary urban issues including; housing and insurance discrimination; access to food stores; changing demographic, employment, and social structure, uneven development; zones of abandonment, disamenity, and gentrification. Describe suburban sprawl and urban sustainability problems i.e. land and energy use, cost of expanding public education services, home financing and debt crises. Explain urban environmental issues i.e. transportation, sanitation, air and water quality, remediation of brownfields, and farmland protection.

© 2017 Clark County School District

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AP Human Geography Standards.pdf

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