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Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro

Ba#le of Fuentes de Oñoro 3rd–5th May 1811 INTRODUCTION A"er Massena’s army had retreated into Spain on 3rd April 1811, the Bri:sh blockaded the crucial fron:er fortress town of Almeida. Wellington took advantage of the situa:on to issue a statement that the libera:on of Portugal was complete. This was more propaganda than truth, a fact borne out by Massena’s return on 1st May at the head of a reformed ‘Army of Portugal’ (42 000 infantry, 4 500 cavalry and 38 guns) to aNempt the relief of Almeida. Leaving Pack to con:nue the blockade of Almeida, Wellington manoeuvred his 34 000 infantry, 1 850 cavalry, and 48 guns to block Massena. He located his army in a defensive posi:on on a ridge between the Dos Casas and Turones streams. The army occupied a 13 km line extending from the ruins of Fort Concepcion on the Almeida-‐Ciudad Rodrigo road in the north to the town of Fuentes de Oñoro in the south. Don Julian Sanchez’s band of guerrillas occupied the town of Nave de Haver to the south of the Bri:sh posi:on. On 3rd May the French approached the Bri:sh posi:on in two columns, with Reynier (II Corps) and Junot (VIII Corps—Solignac’s division only) comprising the northern column and Loison (VI Corps) and d’Erlon (IX Corps) the southern one. A"er a brief reconnaissance, Massena ordered a feint in the north while the leading division of Loison’s VI Corps (Ferey) aNacked Fuentes de Oñoro. The French aNack made progress into the town, reaching the church at the highest point in the north-‐west, only to be driven back by a counter-‐aNack by the 71st, 79th and 24th Foot. This ﬁrst day of the baNle lasted un:l dark, at which :me the French fell back to the east of the town. The ﬁgh:ng had cost 650 French and 250 Bri:sh casual:es. Both sides spent the 4th May re-‐organising and manoeuvring. Massena moved three infantry divisions and four brigades of cavalry southwards towards Poço Velho and the woods further south in an aNempt to turn the Anglo-‐Allied right ﬂank. For his part Wellington, an:cipa:ng just such an aNempt to turn his posi:on, moved the weak 7th Division to Poço Velho and two cavalry squadrons to Nave de Haver to support Sanchez’s guerrillas. He swung the divisions of Spencer, Picton and Craufurd south to link these troops with Fuentes de Oñoro. The Anglo-‐ Allied line was thus fully extended. Massena launched his aNack at daybreak on 5th May. Montbrun’s cavalry easily dispersed Sanchez’s guerrillas, who ﬂed from the baNle, and Marchand, Mermet and Solignac’s divisions drove the 7th Division from Poço Velho. These laNer troops re:red in good order covered by the Light Division and the cavalry. Threatened by Montbrun’s troopers, the Light Division formed baNalion squares and re:red to the north, supported by the cavalry and Ramsay’s horse ar:llery. Two hours a"er daybreak, Ferey's and Drouet's divisions aNacked the town of Fuentes de Oñoro. Once again the French reached the church but were unable to progress further. However, Wellington’s line was now stretched to near breaking point with no reserves available. Seeing this Massena sought to send his reserve, Lepic’s cavalry of the Imperial Guard to aNack the enemy’s right ﬂank and rear. Lepic refused to obey the order, sta:ng that he only took orders from Marshal Bessières. Massena was unable to contact Bessières, who had le" to tour for:ﬁca:ons, and the opportunity was missed.

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Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro

Robbed of this opportunity of a ﬂanking manoeuvre, Massena ordered a concerted aNack on Wellington’s posi:on with six divisions from Loison, Junot and d’Erlon’s corps. The grenadiers from Conroux's and Claparéde's divisions of d’Erlon’s corps stormed through Fuentes de Oñoro as far as the church, driving the defending 71st and 74th highland regiments to the top of the town. Seeing this, Colonel Wallace counter-‐aNacked with his 88th Connaught Rangers and drove the French back out of Fuentes de Oñoro and across the Don Casas stream. By 14:00 the baNle was over. Massena planned another aNack on the exposed Anglo-‐Allied right ﬂank, but was prevented from doing so. Inadequate supplies meant that his troops were down to around four rounds of ammuni:on per man. The troops of Wellington’s right ﬂank dug in along the south-‐facing line. Massena remained in front of Wellington’s now entrenched posi:ons for two days before he re:red back over the Agueda River and into Spain. Allied casual:es for both days’ ﬁgh:ng totalled 1 545, while the French losses amounted to 2 192. This was Massena’s last baNle in Spain. On 10th May he received a dispatch from Berthier, wriNen some:me earlier, relieving him of command and ordering him to return to Paris. Wellington, who realised how close he had come to having his army rolled up and defeated in detail, remarked to his brother, “if Boney had been there we should have been beaten.”

THE SCENARIO This scenario has been designed for the Shako II rules, but may easily be adapted for other sets of rule.

Scales There is no deﬁned ground scale in Shako. The scenario has been designed to incorporate all of the key elements of the en:re baNleﬁeld on a 3600 x 1800 mm2 table. The :me represented by each turn has been changed to one hour to reﬂect the implied ground scale. The scenario covers the ac:on on 3rd and 5th May and the redistribu:on on 4th May. The dura:on of the baNle on each day is: • 3rd May: eight, one-‐hour turns from 13:00 un:l 20:00 (inclusive); • 4th May: redistribu:on only (see rule below) • 5th: a minimum of six, one-‐hour turns from 07:00 un:l 12:00 (inclusive), with the end of the game determined either when the French player calls oﬀ the aNack due to lack of ammuni:on, when either side achieves an automa:c victory or when darkness falls (a"er 20:00 turn), whichever is sooner. The number of infantry baNalions and cavalry regiments have been determined based on a conversion of 600–800 soldiers present per baNalion on the tabletop and 400–600 troopers per cavalry unit on the tabletop.

Special Rules Weather The weather on all days of the baNle was ﬁne and clear.

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Terrain Apart from the southern edge, the ridge is classed as a steep hill and provides a terrain bonus to the defender in mêlée. The southern edge is a gentle slope and, with the excep:on of Fuentes de Oñoro (see below), does not provide a terrain bonus. The Dos Casas and Turones streams are fordable to all arms. The wood areas are light woods, vineyards or orchards, so are treated as such in the rules. The town of Fuentes d’Oñoro (Fountain of Honour) was a strongly for:ﬁed posi:on with granite buildings, granite walls, narrow roads and laneways on terrain sloping upwards roughly to the north-‐west (as the modern photographs below found at hNp://www.peninsularwar.org/ fuentes.htm and hNp://morewalkingportugalandspain.blogspot.com/2009/10/fuentes-‐de-‐ onoro-‐again.html indicate). To simulate this, Fuentes d’Oñoro provides the usual town bonus to the defender (+1 for defender in mêlée and -‐1 for target of ﬁre) plus the +1 bonus for defending terrain for troops that are ‘uphill’ of aNackers. The church, which was located at the highest point in the town, is used at the reference point for ‘uphill’. The relevant modiﬁer(s) is(are) applied to defenders in all situa:ons. That is, either if troops inside the town are ﬁred upon or aNacked by troops outside the town or if troops inside the town are aNacked or ﬁred upon by enemy troops that are also inside the town.

Poço Velho and Nave de Haver are less strong defensive posi:ons and so only provide the usual beneﬁts when targeted by ﬁre or defending in a mêlée (+1 for defender in mêlée and -‐1 for target of ﬁre). The relevant modiﬁer is applied to defenders in all situa:ons. That is, either if troops inside the town are ﬁred upon or aNacked by troops outside the town or if troops inside the town are aNacked or ﬁred upon by enemy troops that are also inside the town. Fuentes d’Oñoro is considered to occupy four town sectors. Poço Velho and Nave de Haver occupy one town sector each.

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Movement of Squares Infantry in square may move up to 3” per turn in any direc:on. They may not move and then change forma:on, nor change forma:on into square and then move. Ammunition The French army ran out of ammuni:on on the 5th May (the blame for which has been laid at the feet of Bessières), leading Massena to call oﬀ the aNack. The following adapta:on of the op:onal Ammo Supply rule is used to reﬂect this. On 5th May, the French player rolls a D6 during the Command Phase for any French division that has been in contact for ﬁve turns or more. On a modiﬁed die roll of “1”, the division is considered to be low on ammuni:on. All units in the division are subject to a -‐1 for all ﬁring and mêlée calcula:ons. This remains in place for the remainder of the baNle. The division may con:nue to be involved in combat or be re:red at the discre:on of the French player. A cumula:ve modiﬁer of -‐1 is applied to the die roll for each turn greater than ﬁve during which the division has been in contact. For example, a division that has been in contact for seven turns would apply a modiﬁer of -‐2 to the die roll to test for ammuni:on supply. For the purposes of this rule, a division is considered to have been in contact if any unit of the division was within 6” of an enemy formed unit. The turns do not need to be consecu:ve. The French player should keep a tally of turns of contact for each division. The same rule is applied for each corps ar:llery baNery that has ﬁred for ﬁve turns or more. Note: it is strongly recommended that these die rolls are done in secret so that the Anglo-‐ Allied player is not aware of the result un:l combat and/or ﬁring occurs. Naturally the honesty of the French player is assumed for this to work! Command Commander quality

The op:onal rules for Division Commander Bonuses and Killed Division Commanders (14.2, 14.2.1) are in eﬀect in this scenario. French command

Rivalry of the French Marshals and generals in the Peninsula, and lack of Napoleon’s presence, greatly aﬀected the eﬃcacy of French command and control. This principally manifested in the refusal to engage in strategic manoeuvres, but also lead to some amazing examples of poor baNleﬁeld performance, from lack of co-‐opera:on to downright insubordina:on. One example of the laNer occurred on the baNleﬁeld of Fuentes d’Oñoro, as described in the introduc:on. (And you thought that Spanish commanders could behave as prima donnas!) The following rules are used to simulate this. If Massena wishes to change the orders of Lepic’s ‘division’ he must obtain ‘permission’ from Bessières. In order to do this he must ﬁrst locate Bessières! Massena’s ADCs are used for this purpose and he may dispatch some or all of his ADCs. The ADCs move at their normal movement rate from their loca:on beside Massena’s ﬁgure to one of the possible ‘contact points’ on the eastern table edge. For these purposes each of the squares of the grid of the game map cons:tute a contact point; i.e. there are 12 possible contact points. Note: the rules for risk to ADCs do not apply in this case.

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A D6 is rolled immediately in the command phase when an ADC reaches one of the contact points. On a roll of 6, Bessiéres has been located and a test is conducted for his response (below). On any other roll, Bessiéres has not been found by this ADC. The ADC ﬁgure ‘ﬂies‘ back to his post beside Massena. If necessary, this procedure is repeated un:l all of the possible 12 contact points have been tested. If the ADCs are not successful at any of the contact points, Bessiéres is deemed to have le" the area of the baNleﬁeld and the orders to Lepic’s command may never be changed. Remember: each contact point may only be ‘searched’ once for the presence of Bessiéres. If an ADC is successful in loca:ng Bessiéres, the Bessiéres ﬁgure is immediately placed on the table in the appropriate square and his response to Massena’s request must be determined. To do this, another D6 is rolled with the following possible outcomes: 1 = Bessiéres refuses and no further aNempts are possible; 2–4 Bessiéres refuses, but further aNempts are possible; 5 = Bessiéres considers, re-‐roll next command phase; 6 = Bessiéres accedes and the ADC proceeds directly to Lepic’s command to transmit the order (once again the risk to ADCs do not apply). Once Bessiéres has been located, all other ADCs that are searching for him ‘ﬂy’ back to their posi:on beside Massena, irrespec:ve of the outcome. If the result of Bessiéres’ ‘musings’ is a 2–4 (i.e. Bessiéres refuses, but further aNempts are possible), Massena may send another request to Bessiéres. In this case, the ADC may be sent directly to the Bessiéres ﬁgure and the outcome determined. Once again, the rules for risk to ADCs do not apply in this case. Anglo-Allied command

Wellington is the commander of all Anglo-‐allied troops except for the Spanish guerrillas. While Don Julian Sanchez’s band co-‐operated with Wellington’s army, his troops should be treated as an independent brigade under Sanchez’s direct orders. Troop Dispositions and Special Rules The distribu:on or arrival of the divisions of both armies are shown on the map. Special Movement—4th May

At the conclusion of the 20:00 turn on 3rd May any units of the opposing armies that are in contact are moved so as to be at least 7” apart. This is done by moving the troops of each side a similar distance, except if one side is defending terrain or a town. In this laNer case, the units of the ‘aNacker’ are moved un:l the 7” distance is achieved. This is an absolute distance and is not modiﬁed for terrain. All movement is towards the friendly baseline. Once separa:on of the armies has been achieved, players secretly write orders for any redistribu:on of the divisions of their armies that they wish to carry out during the 4th May. The orders should specify the division by name and indicate its new posi:on clearly on the map. Once all desired moves have been wriNen down, players announce the intended moves to one another and these are carried out. For the purposes of this rule a division may be moved freely within friendly lines (i.e. the area between the front line of friendly units closest to the enemy and the friendly baseline). There are no restric:ons on the distance of this move. Each division may only be moved once in this manner. Once all of the redistribu:on moves have been carried out the game resumes with the 07:00 turn of 5th May. Note: the French Reserve (Lepic) may not be moved at all during this redistribu:on. See special rule below.

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French Reserve (Lepic)

Baron Lepic and the troops of the French Imperial Guard are place on the baNleﬁeld at the beginning of 5th May as indicated on the map. This ‘division’ has Reserve orders and is subject to all of the restric:ons and obliga:ons of this order speciﬁed in the normal rules. If contacted by the enemy, it automa:cally changes to Defend orders and the units may aNack within the limits of Defend orders speciﬁed in the normal rules. They automa:cally revert back to Reserve orders once a threat is removed. Lepic’s orders may only be changed using the procedure speciﬁed above (French Command). If successfully ‘ac:vated’ in this way, the ‘division’ will come directly under Massena’s orders and may be given orders by him, as for any other division in the army, for the remainder of the game. Converged Grenadiers

The grenadier companies of French corps were formed into converged, élite baNalions. To reﬂect this the French player may elect, during the redistribu:on of 4th May, to remove a stand from each of the French line infantry baNalions (only) in any or all of his corps. This is done within a corps only (i.e. stands may not be merged with grenadiers from another corps) and is an all-‐or-‐nothing op:on for that corps. The resul:ng grenadier baNalion(s) must be at least four stands strong, unless this is impossible, in which case the majority should be at least four stands strong with the remainder as strong as possible. Each baNalion counts as élite (MR=5). If a baNalion has fewer than ﬁve stands it is subject to the understrength rules below. The line baNalions retain an MR of four but may also be subject to the impacts of understrength units. The divisional morale and morale check points remain unchanged and are not recalculated. Understrength Units

Several units in the baNle were understrength. These are indicated in the orders of baNle. These units ﬁght as normal and react in all tests according to their MR, but they are able to withstand fewer hits than a full strength unit as speciﬁed in the following table. A cavalry stand Unit strength

Impact on no. of hits to break

full

no eﬀect

-‐1 stand

no eﬀect

-‐2 stands

-‐1 hit

-‐3 stands

-‐2 hits

more than three stands

-‐3 hits

is considered to comprise two ﬁgures for these purposes.

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Victory Conditions Victory is determined either by the baNleﬁeld situa:on at the end of the game or by one or other army breaking, whichever occurs ﬁrst. Victory points are awarded for controlling strategic points on the baNleﬁeld and/or breaking enemy divisions. Each side receives three victory points for each enemy ‘division’ that has broken and two victory points for each enemy ‘division’ that is demoralised. At the end of the game, one point is awarded to the side that controls Nave de Haver, two points are awarded to the side that controls Poço Velho and ten points for the side that controls Fuentes de Oñoro. To be deemed to control a town it must be either occupied by friendly units (only) or clearly within the area controlled by the friendly army. The victory points for each side are tallied, the diﬀerence calculated and the result is found on the table below. Diﬀerence Result 0 Minor Bri:sh victory 1–3 Minor victory 4–8 Major victory 9+ Smashing victory If either army is broken, the other side automa:cally achieves a smashing victory.

References Bryant, A (1945) The Years of Victory: 1802-‐1812. Collins, London. pp. 424–432 Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library ‘The Nafziger Collec:on of Orders of BaNle’ hNp://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collec:on/p15040coll6 Chandler, D (1979) Dic:onary of the Napoleonic Wars. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York. pp. 164–165. Glover, M (1968) Wellington As Military Commander. Sphere Books Limited, London. First Sphere Books edi:on 1973 edi:on. pp. 142–151. Humble, R (1973) Napoleon's Peninsular Marshals. MacDonald & Jane's, London. pp. 152–157.

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Battle of Fuentes d’Oñoro Map to A

lme

ida

Fort Concepcion (off board)

Barbacena

N

Indep. Port.

Turon es

Erskine

Reynier Campbell Wellington

Casa s

Picton

Don

Light Div.

Junot

Fuentes de Oñoro

+

Massena

Loison Houston Cotton (1st & 2nd)

d’Erlon

Montbrun

Spencer

Poço Velho

Lepic 5th May

Nave de

to Ciudad Rodrigo

Sanchez Haver

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Battle of Fuentes d’Oñoro—French Army FormaIon

Units (class) hits & status

DIV MR

CriIcal levels

260

130

Contact

Army of Portugal

Marshal André Massena 1 sapper

II Corps

Général de division Reynier

Corps arIllery

1 FtG (8 x 8 pdr–can ‘absorb’ 1 extra hit)

3

1st Division (Merle) Brigade (Sarrut)

1SK; 2e légère (2 LI) 36e ligne (2 REG) 4e légère (2 REG)

24

8

12

18

2nd Division (Heudelet) Brigade (Godard), Brigade (Arnauld)

2SK; 17e légère (2 LI) 70e ligne (2 REG) 31e ligne (2 REG) 47e ligne (2 REG)

32

11

16

24

Corps light cavalry (Soult)

1e, 22e chass., Hanoverian chass., 8e drag. (1 Ch—4 ﬁgs)

4

1

2

3

VI Corps

Général de division Loison

Corps arIllery

2 FtG (6 x 8 pdr, 6 x 8 pdr)

6

1st Div. (Marchand) Brigade (Maucune) Brigade (Marcognet)

2SK; 6e légère (2 LI) 69e ligne (2 REG) 39e ligne (2 REG) 76e ligne (2 REG)

32

11

16

24

32

11

16

24

2nd Div. (Mermet) 2SK; 25e légère (2 LI) Brigade (Bardet), 27e ligne (2 REG) Brigade (Delabassée) 50e ligne (2 REG) 59e ligne (2 REG) 3rd Div. (Loison) Brigade (Simon), Brigade (Ferey)

1 SK; Legion du midi/ Hanoverian legion (1 SR—4 stands); 26e ligne (1 REG) 66e & 82e ligne (2 REG)

15

5

8

11

Corps light cavalry (Lamo#e)

3e huss/15e chass. (1 Hu—6 ﬁgs); 1HsG (4 x 4 pdr—1 ‘kill’)

4

1

2

3

VIII Corps

Général de division Junot

1st Div. (Solignac) Brigade (Gra:en) Brigade (Thomiéres)

1 SK; 15e ligne (1 REG) 65e ligne (2 REG) 86e ligne (2 REG) Irish leg/Regt de Prusse (1 SR)

23

8

12

17

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FormaIon

Units (class) hits & status

DIV MR

CriIcal levels

Contact

IX Corps

Général de division d'Erlon

Corps arIllery

1 FtG (6 x 8 pdr)

3

1st Div. (Claparède) Brigade (Vichery)

1 SK; 4/54th ligne (1 REG) 4/21st légère (1 LI) 4/28th légère (1 LI) 4/40th ligne (1 REG—5 stands) 4/63rd ligne (1 REG—4 stands) 4/88th ligne (1 REG) 4/64th ligne (1 REG—5 stands) 4/l00th ligne (1 REG—4 stands) 4/l03rd ligne (1 REG)

36

12

18

27

1 SK; 4/8th ligne (1 REG) 4/24th ligne (1 REG—5 stands) 4/45th ligne (1 REG—3 stands) 4/94th ligne (1 REG) 4/95th ligne (1 REG—5 stands) 4/96th ligne (1 REG—4 stands)

24

8

12

18

Corps light cavalry (Fournier)

7e chass (1 Ch—6 ﬁgs) 18e & 20e chass (1Ch)

8

3

4

6

Reserve Cavalry

Général de division Montbrun 3e, 10e, dragoon (1 Dr) 6e dragoon, 15e/25e dragoon (2 Dr) 1HsG (6 x 4 pdr)

15

5

8

11

Grenadier à cheval (1 GHc) Empress dragoons (1 GDr, MR=5) 1 GHsG (MR = 4); 2 guns only (2 hits)

11

4

6

8

2nd Div. (Conroux) Brigade (Gérard)

Reserve (Lepic) —independent

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Battle of Fuentes d’Oñoro—Anglo-Portuguese Army FormaIon

Units (class) hits & status

DIV MR

CriIcal levels

246

123

C-‐in-‐C

Duke of Wellington 1 sapper

ArIllery

Horse (6 x 6pdr x 2) 2HsG Foot (6 x 9pdr x 2) 2FtG Portuguese art (6 x 9pdr x 4) 4 FtG

Cavalry

Sir Stapleton CoNon

1st Brigade Slade

1st dragoon (1 Dr–6 ﬁgs) 14th light dragoon (1 LDr–6ﬁgs)

9

3

5

7

2nd Brigade Arentschildt

16th light dragoon (1 LDr–6ﬁgs) 1st KGL hussar (1 Hu–6ﬁgs)

8

3

4

6

3rd Brigade Barbacena

4th/10th Port. drag. (1 SRc–6ﬁgs)

3

1

2

2

1st Division

Lieutenant-‐General Spencer

Brigade Stopford Brigade Nightengale Brigade Howard Brigade Lowe

2SK (60th/KGL light/95th–riﬂes) 1/2 Guards (1 GD–large baNalion) 1/3 Guards (1 GD–large baNalion) 2/24th Foot (1 REG—4 stands) 1/42nd Foot (1 EL) 1/79th Foot (1 EL) 1/50th Foot (1 REG–5 stands) 71st Foot (1 LI–4 stands) 92nd Foot (1 EL) 1st KGL (1 REG–4 stands) 2nd KGL (1 REG–4 stands) 5th KGL (1 REG–4 stands) 7th KGL (1 REG–4 stands)

55

18

28

41

32

11

16

24

3rd Division

Major-‐General Picton

Brigade Mackinnon Brigade Coville Brigade Power

2SK (60th–riﬂes) 1/45th Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 74th Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 1 & 2/88th Foot (2 REG–4 stands ea.) 2/5th Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 2/83rd Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 94th Foot (1 REG) 9th Portuguese line (1 REG) 21st Portuguese line (1 REG)

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Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro

FormaIon

Units (class) hits & status

5th Division

Major-‐General Erskine

Brigade Hay Brigade Dunlop Brigade Spry

1 SK Brunswick Oels jaeger (riﬂe) 3/1st Foot (1 REG) 1/9th Foot (1 REG) 1/38th Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 1/4th Foot (1 REG) 2/30th Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 2/44th Foot (1 REG–3 stands) 3rd Portuguese line (1 REG) 15th Portuguese line (1 REG) 9th Caçadore (1 REG–4 stands)

6th Division

Major-‐General A. Campbell

Brigade Hulse Brigade Brune Brigade Madden

1/11th Foot (1 REG) 2/53rd Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 1/61st Foot Regiment (1 REG) 2nd Foot (1 REG) 1/36th Foot (1 REG–4 stands) 8th Portuguese line (1 REG) 12th Portuguese line (2 REG)

7th Division

Major-‐General Houston

Brigade Hulse Brigade Brune Brigade Madden

51st Foot (1 REG–5 stands) 85th Foot (1 REG–3 stands) Chasseurs Britanniques (1 REG) Brunswick Oels (1 REG) 7th Portuguese line (1 REG) 19th Portuguese Regiment (2 REG) 2nd Caçadore (1 REG–4 stands)

DIV MR

CriIcal levels

36

12

18

27

32

11

16

24

32

11

16

24

Light Division

Major-‐General R. Craufurd

Brigade Beckwith Brigade Drummond Caçadore Brigade

1 SK 95th (riﬂe) 1/43rd Foot (1 LI–MR 5) 1 & 2/95th (1 LI, MR 5, riﬂe) 1 & 2/52nd Foot (32/803) (2 LI–MR 5) 1st Caçadore (1 REG–4 stands) 3rd Caçadore (1 REG–4 stands)

23

8

12

17

6th Portuguese line (1 REG) 18th Portuguese line (2 REG) 6th Caçadore (1 REG–4 stands)

16

5

8

12

6

2

3

5

Independent Port. Brigade Ashworth

Spanish Guerrillas

Don Julian Sanchez Guerrilla cavalry (lancers) 1SRc–6 ﬁgs Guerrilla infantry 1 Sr—3 stands

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