Biology-CP

Mrs. Bradbury Study Outline: Evolution

I.

Darwin and Natural Selection 1. Define evolution. 2. Who is considered the founder of modern evolutionary theory? 3. Where did Darwin travel on his voyage and what was his job aboard the ship? 4. What geographical location greatly influenced Darwin’s thinking on evolution? 5. Describe the observations Darwin made in the Galapagos? 6. What was the name of Darwin’s book and when was it published? 7. Describe the two major points that Darwin makes in “The Origin of Species.” 8. Define Adaptation. 9. What are the two types of adaptations and how do they differ? 10. Define Natural Selection. 11. Using the 5 points of natural selection, explain how natural selection can change a species over time. 12. Explain how penicillin and the Galapagos finches are examples of natural selection. 13. Explain why natural selection cannot create new traits and how natural selection depends on time and place.

II.

Evidence of Evolution 1. Explain how each of the following supports the theory of evolution: a. Fossil Record – Be able to explain how fossils are dated. b. Biogeography c. Comparative Anatomy 1. Homologous structures 2. Vestigial structures 3. Analogous structures d. Embryological Development e. Molecular Biology 2. Be able to give examples of each type of evidence.

III.

Mechanisms of Evolution and Types of Selection 1. How does the Modern Synthesis Theory of evolution differ from Darwin’s theory? 2. Describe population genetics. 3. Define a gene pool and explain how changes to the gene pool can lead to evolution. 4. Define genetic equilibrium. List the conditions that must be met in order for genetic equilibrium to be established. 5. What are the two major sources of genetic variation? 6. Define microevolution. List the four major causes of microevolution. 7. Explain genetic drift, bottleneck effect and founder effect. Give examples of each. 8. How can gene flow effect evolution. 9. What is the raw material of evolution? 10. Explain the three types of Selection?

IV.

Macroevolution and Speciation 1. Define Macroevolution and speciation. 2. Describe and give examples of allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. 3. Explain how polyploid speciation results in a new species. 4. Describe the different hypotheses on the rate of speciation. (Gradualism + Punctuated Equilibrium) 5. Describe and give an example of divergent evolution. 6. Describe and give an example of convergent evolution.

V.

Early Earth 1. When was earth thought to have formed? 2. What were some of the characteristics of early earth? Did life exist on early Earth? 3. What happened 3.9 BYA that changed earth’s climate? 4. When and where did the 1st living organisms appear? 5. Is there any direct evidence of earth’s early years? 6. What are some of the things paleontologists can determine from fossils? 7. Describe how fossils are formed. 8. What type of rock are fossils usually found in?

VI.

Geological Time Scale 1. What are the four eras of the geological time scale? 2. Know the major events that occurred during each era. 3. Know the three periods of the Mesozoic Era and the major developments that occurred during each.

VII.

The Origin of Life 1. Explain the belief of Spontaneous Generation. 2. How did Redi and Pasteur’s experiments disprove spontaneous generation? 3. Explain the belief of biogenesis. 4. What did Oparin hypothesize? 5. Who tested Oparin’s theory? And how did they test it? 6. How did Fox’s experiment complete the theory of how life originated on earth?

VIII.

The Evolution of Cells 1. When did the earliest cells appear? Describe the characteristics of the 1st living cells. 2. What lead to the evolution of chemosynthesizers and photosynthesizers? 3. How did the evolution of photosynthesizers change earth’s atmosphere? 4. Explain how eukaryotic cells are thought to have formed. (The Endosymbiosis Hypothesis.) 5. Describe the evidence that supports the Endosymbiont Hypothesis. 6. Describe the unique characteristics of primates.

Possible Essays Topics: 1. Evidence of evolution 2. Natural Selection 3. Microevolution 4. Speciation 5. Evolution of cells

BC review outline Evo.pdf

List the four major causes of microevolution. 7. Explain ... Describe and give an example of convergent evolution. V. Early Earth. 1. ... BC review outline Evo.pdf.

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