cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

E}UM/ U]HZFTGF 5J"TM VG[ T[GL p\RF. "GJ ;F5 sHF[.f ASF V[ U. RM8L,Fcc ULZGFZ G H[;MZ J ;F ;F5]TFZF 5 5FJFUA AZ0M SF SF/M U ULZGL 8[SZL . .0ZGM 0]\UZ RM8L,F RM8L,F

ZF SF S{ S G

EFZTGF 5|D]B 5ZDF6]\ pHF" pt5FNG ccTFZF SF S{S Gcc TFZF5]Z sDCFZFQ8 U]HZFT ;LDF 5Zf ZFJT EF8F sZFH:YFGf SFSZF5FZ sU]HZFTf S{UF sS6F"8Sf S,5SSD sTFlD,GF0]f GZF{Z spTZ5|N[Xf

TF ZF SF G SM S

EFZTGF DCtJGF V6]lJW]T DYS ccTFZF SFG SMc S SF5[cc TFZF5]Z ZFJT EF8F sZFH:YFGf SFSZF5FZ sU]HZFTf GZMZF spTZ 5|N[Xf SM8FsZFH:YFGf S<5SD sTlD,GF0]f

TF

CF ;F D[ DF JM BF X[

JF{9FDF\ D/TL ;FT GNLVM ccCF ;FD[ DFJM BFX[cc CFYDTL ;FAZDTL D[`JM DFh]D JF+S BFZL X[-L

A[ XL HF D J

ZL\K DF8[GF VeIFZ6M ccA[XLHF D.J" AF,FZFD XLTDCF, HF\A]3M0F 0[l0IF5F0F H[;MZ

; DF G TF

K A S A B

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

VZA ;FUZG[ D/TL GNLVM cc;DFGTFcc ;FAZDTL DCL GD"NF TF5L A[ JFZ A]SZ 5|F.H lJH[TF VM "KASAB" lSZ6 N[;F. VZ]W\TL ZMI ;,DFG Z]XNL VZlJ\N S[HZLJF, JLP V[;PGF.5F{,

NITISH SIR

9426882075

1

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc U]HZFT ZFHIGF lH<,FVMGL VgI ZFHI ;FY[ ;ZCN ccDCFZFQ8= o SEE (C) NDTV" KM8FpN[5]Z C GD"NF4 N 0F\U D TF5L T J,;F0 V ccZFH:YFG oAD MK BK SK" VZJ<,L A NFCMN D DlC;FUZ M SrK K AGF;SF\9F BK ;FAZSF\9F SK

C D

S 5F ; D[ VF U

ccDwI5|N[X o CD" KM8FpN[5]Z NCMN

SS"J'T 5Z U]HZFTGF lH<,FVM ccS5F; D[ VFUcc SrK 5F86 ;FAZSF\9F DC[;F6F VZJ<,L UF\WLGUZ

S] lR 5] 0L sN-f A G J] ;

ZF H] EF VD[ HF ;[ UF\ J

EFZTGF S]NZTL ;ZMJZ ccS]lR5]0L AGJ] ;cc SM<,[Z] sVF\W|5|N[Xf DL9]\ 5F6L lR
EFZTGL ;D]ä ;LDF ;FY[ HF[0FI[, N[XGF GFD ccs;}+vMa ma sri I T B Pfcc Ma-DF,NLJ I-.lg0MG[lXIF Ma-dIFGDFZ T-YF.,[g0 sri-zL,\SF B-AF\u,FN[X P-5FlS:TFG

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

2

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc SSJ'T 5Z 5;FZ YTF\ ZFHIM ccDDL 56 U]HZFTL K[cc D DwI5|N[X DL lDhMZD 56 sAf 5l`JD A\UF, U] U]HZFT HF hFZB\0 ZF ZFH:YFG TL l+5]ZF K[ KTL;UA\UF/GL BF0LDF\ 50TL EFZTGL GNLGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP ccA|ïF SL UMN D[ U\UFcc A|ïFvA|ïF D[vDCFGNL SLvS'Q6F4SFJ[ZL U\UFvU\UF UMNvUMNFJZL

U\UF GlNG[ D/TL VgI GlNVMGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT (RAM GO,KALI G,KOS MAHAN) RAM-ZFDU\UF G-U\0S GO-UMDTL KOS-SM;L KALI-SF,L MAHAN-DCFGNL VYJF XFZNF 1F[+O/GL N=lQ8V[ lJ`JGF ;F{YL DM8F N[X IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP ccZS VF RLGA VF EFZTcc ZvZlXIF SvS[G[0F VFvVD[lZSF RLGvRLG

B\EFTGL BF0LDF\ 50TL GNLGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccD ; TF GFcc DvDlC TFvTF5L ;v;FAZDTL GFvGD"NF 1F[+O/GL N=lQ8V[ EFZTGF DM8F ZFHIM ccZFD DCF VF\cc ZFvZFH:YFG DCFvDCFZFQ8= DvDwI5|N[X VF\vVF\W5|N[X JFTFJZ6GF :TZ IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT "TS O MI" T-8=M5M:OLIZ M-D[;M:OLIZ S-:8[8M:OLIZ I-VFIMGM:OLIZ O-VMhMGM:OLIZ

AvA|FhL, VFvVM:8=[l,IF EFZTvEFZT

5|XF\T DCF;FUZDF\ 50TL GNLGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP "H A C Y" T-CJF\UCM A-VD}Z

UM UF GF S ; D

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

C-l;\SIF\U Y-IF\U 8L l;\SIF\U

EFZTGF S'l+D ;ZMJZM ccUMUFGF S;Dcc UMlJ\N ;FUZ s;T,Hf lCDFR,5|N[X UF\WL ;FUZ sR\A,f DwI5|N[X GFUFH]"G ;FUZ sS'Q6Ff VF\W5|N[X S'Q6ZFH ;FUZ sSFJ[ZLf S6F"8S ;ZNFZ ;ZMJZ sGD"NFf U]HZFT lGhFD ;FUZ sUMNFJZLf T[,\U6F

NITISH SIR

9426882075

3

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc 5FlS:TFG ;FY[ HF[0FI[,F ZFHIM cc5\ U] ZF Hcc 5\v5\HFA U]vU]HZFT ZFvZFH:YFG HvHdD] SFxDLZ

EFZTGF S[gN=XFl;T 5|N[X ccR,M lN, N[ NM VF5cc RvR\NLUNMvNFNZF VG[ GUZ ,Mv,1FäL5 CJ[,L lN,vlN
EFZTGF 5F0MXL N[XM s;ZCNLI lJ:TFZ 5|DF6[f ccAR5G sDFf MBA" AvAF\u,FN[X M-dIFGDFZ RvRLG B-E}8FG 5v5FlS:TFG A-VO3FlG:TFG GvG[5F/ EFZTGF 5|DF6;DI Z[BF 5Z VFJTF ZFHIMP cc;}+v VF\W/F K+L UP MP p0Lcc VF\W5|N[X KTL;Up¿Z5|N[X DwI5|N[X VMlZ:;F

EFZTG[ DF+ HDLG ;LDFYL V0TF N[XM ccRF.GF BAN" RF.GF RLG E}TFG B VO3FlG:TFG A G[5F/ N

,MB\0 pt5FNG DF8[ S|DFG];FZ N[X cc;}+v CHABI" st 1 -CH-RLG 2nd-A-VM:8=[l,IF 3rd-B-A|Flh, 4th-I-EFZT EFZTGF 7 l;:8Z cc;}+vA.T.M VFGF DDLcc A-V;D slN;5]Zf T-l+5]ZF sVUZT,Ff M-D[3F,I slX,M\Uf VvV~6FR,5|N[X s.8FGUZf GFvGFUF,[g0 sSMlCDFf DvDl65]Z s.dOF,f DLvDLhMZD sVF.hM,f

U]HZFT S. RLHJ:T]DF\ 5|YD :YFG[ K[P cc;}+v GDScc GvGDS DvDUO/L SvS5F;

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

4

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc 1F[[+O/GL N=lQ8V[ S|DDF\ N[XM cc;}+ o Z]S CA BAI" ZvZlXIF SvS[G[0F C-RLG A-VD[lZSF B-A|Flh, A-VM:8[=l,IF I-EFZT

DFG;ZMJZ DF\YL GLS/TL GNLVM cc;}+ vSBS" S-;T,H B-A|ï5]+F S-l;gW]

J:TLGF VFWFZ[ S|DDF\ N[XM cc;}+ vCIA VG[ IB 5FlS:TFG UI[Pcc C-RLG I-.lg0IF sEFZTf A-VD[lZSF I-.g0MG[lXIF B-A|Flh, 5FlS:TFG U\UFG[ p5ZGL AFH]YL s0FAL AFH]f D/TL GNLVM cc;}+vZFD UMWZF UI[ SIMcc ZFDU\UF SMXL UMDTL 3F3ZF ZFJL U\0S U\UFG[ GLR[GL AFH] D/TL GNL sHD6L AFH]f cc;}+v;MG 5}G IDGM+Lcc ;MG 5]G5}G IDGM+L

,MB\0 pt5FNG SZTF RFZ D]bI ZFHIM cc;}+ vOK KTL; GO" O-VMl0;F K-S6F"8S KTL;vKTL;UGO-UMJF

EFZTGL :Y/ VG[ H/;LDF :5X"TF N[XM cc;}+vDF AF5cc DF AF 5

dIFGDFZ AF\u,FN[X 5FlS:TFG

U|LGLR Z[BF 5Z VFJ[,F N[XM cc;}+v GET MEBSF" G-UFGF E-.\u,[g0 E-V,LhLZLIF B-A]"lS"GOF;M T-8MUM S-:5[G sI]ZM5f M-DF,L F-O|F\; sI]ZM5f

EFZT S. RLHJ:T]DF\ 5|YD :YFG[ K[P cc;}+vGDScc GvGFZLI[/ q ,LA] DvDUO/L SvSFH]4S[/F

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

5

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc lJ7FG lJ7FGGL VlNX ZFXLGF GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP sjIFbIFP H[ ZFXLG[ VM/BJF OST D}
lJ8FDLGGF ZF;FIl6S GFD ccZY V[S 8MOLcc A-Z[8LGF, D-S[<;L O[ZM, B-YFIDLG E-8MSMO[ZM, C- V[:SMlAS K-OL,LSJLGM, lJ8FDLGGF ZF;FIl6S GFD ccZ[ YFZFGL 5g8M IF AFIM OMl,S ;F V[S 8=MOLScc B 12A-Z[8LGF, ;FIGMSFAF,FDLG B 1-YFIlDG C-V[:SMlAS B 2-ZFIAMO,[lJG D-S[<;L O[ZM, B 3-lGSM8LG[DF.0 0[ E-8MSMO[ZM, lGIF;LG B 5- 5[g8MY[lGS V[l;0 K-SL,LSJLGM, B 6-5F.ZL0MS;LG B 7-AFIM8LG B 9-OMl,S V[l;0

pTZTF S|DDF\ U|CM U]~ XlG I]Z[G; G[%R]G 5'yJL X]S| D\U/ A]W

;}I"GL GHLSYL N]ZGF U|CM cc;}+vA];] D\U] UN" A]W X]S| 5'yJL D\U/ U]~ XlG I]Z[G; G[%R]G

GZL VF\B[ HF[. G XSFI T[JF U|CM ccG[%R]Gq I]Z[G;cc GM\Wo H[ U|CMGF GFD JFZ 5ZYL VFJ[ K[ T[G[ GZL VF\B[ HF[. XSFI K[P

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

6

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc .lTCF; VG[ ;\:S'lT

B A T B A T M D H

VSAZGF GJ ZtG "BAT BAT MDH" ALZA, VA], Oh, TFG;[G EUJFGNF; VA], ZCLD BFG 8M0ZD, DFGl;\3 D],F NM %IFHF CSLD C]SD

;Z lJl,DI HF[g; wJFZF V\U|[HLDF\ VG]JFlNT 5]:TSM cc;}+vDG] lCcc DG]vDG]:D'lT lCvlCTM5N[X AF6E8'GL 5|D]B ZRGFVM cc;}+vR C Scc RvR\0LXTSD SvSFNdAZL CvCQF"ZlRT VaN], S,FD VFhFNGL 5|D]B ZRGFVM cc;}+ v V, lJg; U]AFZ[cc V,vV, lC,F, U]AFZ[vU]AFZ[ BFTLZ lJg;vlJg; lO|0D EFZTDF\ I]ZM5LI S\5GLGF VFUDG S|DX o cc5]+ V0 0{0 O;Fcc 5]+v5M8'"U, (1616) 0{0v0{lG; (1616) VvV\U|[H (1600) OvO|F\;L;L (1664) 0v 0R (1602) ;Fvl:Jl0X (1731)

AFAZ[ HLT[,F I]wWM S|DX o IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT "Pan Khao Chilla Ke Gawo" P-5FGL5T (1526) C-RF\N[ZL (1528) K- BFGJF (1527) G-:SLZ8 (1529) D]3, ;FD|FHIIGF XF;SM S|DX o IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT "BHAJ SO" B-AFAZ J-HCF\ULZ H-C]DFI] S-XFCHCF A-VSAZ O-VF{Z\Uh[A H{G WD"GF VG]IFILVM "KAACU" K-Sl,\U GZ[X C-R\N=U]%TDMI" BFZJ[, U-pNlIG A-VHFT X+] A-VDM3JQF" ;MDGFY l+J[6L ;\UD ccS lC ;cc SvSl5,F ;v;Z:JTL lCvlCZ6

EFZTGF 5lJ+ ;%TQFL" klQFVM ccEFUM SlJ HJV+Lcc EFvEFZwJFH HvHDGFNuGL UMvUF{TD s5ZX]ZFDGF l5TFf SvSxI5 sDFTF v JvJlXQ8 lJlN45]+ lCZ^I V+LvV+L SxI5]f lJvlJ`JFlD+

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

7

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc EFZTGF AFZ HIMlT"l,\U ccVMD ;MD GFEL lJZF J{+S[ W]\cc GFD ZFHI lH<,M VMDSF,[`JZ DwI5|N[X lXJ5]ZL DCFSF,[`JZ DwI5|N[X pHH{G ;MDGFY U]HZFT lUZ;MDGFY Dl<,SFH']"G VF\W5|N[X ;ZL;[5,D GFU[`JZ U]HZFT N[JE}lD äFZSF ELDX\SZ DCFZFQ8= 5}6[ lJ`JGFY p¿Z5|N[X JFZF6;L ZFD[`JZ TlD,GF0] ZFDGFY5]ZD J{HGFY DCFZFQ8= lA0 s5,L"f +I\AS[`JZ DCFZFQ8= GFl;S S[NFZGFY p¿ZFB\0 k]ä5|IFU W]`D[`JZ DCFZFQ8= VF{Z\UFAFN

XFD/GL D]bI RFZ JFTF" 32-G\N vG\NA+L;L 32-l;\Cvl;\CF;GA+L;L 72-;]v;]0FACMT[ZL 25-JvJ[TF,5rRDL EFZTDF\ I]ZMl5IG VFJJFGM S|D P D E F S 5M8]UL"h 0R V\U|[H O|Fg; :5[GLX

EFZTGL IF+FV[ VFJGFZ RLGGF IF+LVM S|DX o ccOF ;L C] .cc OFCLIFG C]vCI]I[G;F\U (399) (630) .v.lt;\U s;FTDL ;NLGF ;Lv;\I]UG (518) V\TDF\f

EFZTGF 5|YD UJ"GZ HGZ, VG[ JF.;ZMI cc;}+vZMA8 C[ lJl,Ig; SL DM;Lcc ZMA8vZMA8 S,F.J sA\UF/FGM 5|YD UJ"GZ C[vC[l:8\U sA\UF/FGF 5|YD UJ"GZ HGZ, lJl,IDvlJl,ID A[l8\S sEFZTGF 5C[,F UJ"GZ HGZ,f SLvS[lG\U sEFZTGF 5C[,F JF.;ZMIf DM\vDFpg8A[8G s:JT\+ EFZTGF 5C[,F UJ"GZ HGZ,f ;Lv;LPZFHUM5F,F RFZL s:JT\+ EFZTGF 5|YD EFZTLI UJ"GZ HGZ,f UF\WLHL ;FY[ ;\S/FI[,F ;FlCtI cc;}+vHari is my Young May Hindu"

Hari Harijan My-My experiment with truth s;tIGF 5|IMUf Young-Young India Nav

XFCHCF\ V[ X] X] AGFjI]\ cc;}+vZ[ XFD DM H]TF N[ N[cc Z[vZ[XDF AFU XFvXFCLAFU DvDI]Z l;\CF;G H]vH]DF Dl:HN N[vlNJFG[ VFD N[vlNJFG[ BF;

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

8

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc V,U V,U ZFHIMGF D]bI G'tI IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ;}+ SZ[,[ SL SYF 5\H[ D[ EF\U 0F,M ZFHF T]D 3]DM V;D SL AC] VZ]6 SF D]BM8F U]HZ UIL UZLAL hF0] D[ Kp I]PS[PD[ U-F V\W[Z DX[ SrRL 5]ZL BF. KTZL D[ UF0L lCdDT SL WDF, UMJF SL D\0L A\U,[ SL SF9L D[3 ,FJ6L GFU SL RM\U p0L p0L VM 0L; S6" D[ SZM I1F 7FG T[D DL,[ EZT pTZ SL ZF;,L,F

ZFHI S[Z, 5\HFA ZFH:YFG V;D VZ]6FR, 5|N[X U]HZFT hFZB\0 pTZFB\0 VF\W 5|N[X KTL;UlCDFR, 5|N[X UMJF 5PA\UF/ D[3F,I GFUF,[g0 VMl0;F S6F"8S TDL,GF0] pTZ 5|N[X

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

D]bI G'tI SYS,L EF\U0F 3]DZ ALC] D]BM8F UZAF Kp U-JF,L S]lR5]0L UF0L WDF, D\0L SF9L ,FJ6L RM\U VMl0;L I1F7FG EZTGF8ID ZF;,L,F

NITISH SIR

9426882075

9

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc ZFHIjIJ:YF VG[ 5NFlWSFZL EFZTGF J0F5|WFGM GF SFI"SF/ 5|DF6[ GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccH U] , U] . DM R . ZF JL R\ G JF N[U] V8, V8, DG DMCG DMNLcc

HvHJFCZ,F, GC[~ U]vU],hFZL,F, G\NF ,v,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L U]vU],hFZL,F, G\NF .v.lgNZF UF\WL DMvDMZFZHLEF. N[;F. RvRZ6l;\C RF{WZL .v.lgNZF UF\WL ZFvZFHLJ UF\WL JLPvlJ`JGFY 5|TF5l;\C

R\vR\N=X[BZ Gv5LPJLPGZl;\CZFJ JFvV8, lACFZL JFH5[. N[vN[J UF{0F U]vVF.P S[PU]HZF, V8,v V8, lACFZL JFH5[. V8,v V8, lACFZL JFH5[. DGvDGDMCG l;\C DMNLvGZ[gN= DMNL

U]HZFTGF D]bID\+LGF SFI"SF/ 5|DF6[ GFD IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT sHAC[q 3FRLqALqDFqALqDF VM DFRL KAS[ ;]\NZqX\SZ lN,SM GDM GDM GDM GDM VFG\NL ~5F/Lf

cc;}+DF\qGL lGXFGL K[ tIF\ ZFQ8=5lT XF;G CT] T[D ;DHJ]\cc HL vHLJZFH DC[TF Av A/J\TZFI DC[TF C[v lCTgN=EF. N[;F. q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, vzLDgGFZFI6f 3Fv 3GxIFDEF. VMhF RL vRLDGEF. 58[,

VMv VDZl;\C RF{WZL DFv DFWJl;\C ;M,\SL RLv RLDGEF/ 58[, KAv KlA,NF; DC[TF S[ vS[X]EF. 58[, ;\]NZ v;]Z[XEF. DC[TF

q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, vS[PS[PlJ`JGFYGf

q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, v S'Q65F,l;\Cf

AL vAFA]EF. H;]EF. 58[,

X\SZ v X\SZl;\C JF3[,F lN, v lN,L5 5ZLB SMv S[X]EF. 58[, GDM v GZ[gN= DMNL GDM v GZ[gN= DMNL VFG\NLA[G 58[, ~5F/L v lJHI ~5F6L

q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, v S[PS[PlJ`JGFYGf

DF vDFWJl;\C ;M,\SL AL vAFA]EF. H;]EF. 58[, q v ZFQ8=5lT XF;G sZFHI5F, v XFZNF D]BZHL f

DF v DFWJl;\C ;M,\SL

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

10

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc EFZTGF ZFQ8=5lT ccZFHF ZFHF ZFH[gN=[ ZFWFG[ hFSLZGF lJX[QF lCTDF\ lJX[QF OS|YL AL0L sVF5L VG[f ;\HLJG[ h[,GF ;\S8DF\ X\SZ GFZFI6GL SDF,GL 5|lTEF sDF8[f 5|6J wJFZF ZFDFG\NLG] slAZ]N VF%I]fcc

ZFH ZFHF ZFH[gN= ZFWF hFSLZ lJX[QF lCT lJX[QF OS| AL0L ;\HLJ h[,GF ;\S8 X\SZ GFZFI6 SDF, 5|lTEF 5|6J ZFDG\NL

0MPZFH[gN= 5|;FN 0MPZFH[gN= 5|;FN 0MPZFH[gN= 5|;FN 0M[ ;J"5<,L ZFWFS'Q6G 0MPhFSLZ C];{G 0MP JLPJL ULP sSFf V[DPlCIT]<,FC sSFf 0MP JLPJL ULP OB~NLG V,LV[CDN ALP0L HTL sSFf V[GP;\HLJ Z[0L 7FGL h{,l;\C VFZPjI\S8ZFDG X\SZNIF/ XDF" S[P VFZ[ GFZFI6G 0MPV[P5LP H[[PVaN]M S,FD 5|lTEF 5Fl8, 5|6J D]BZHL ZFDGFY SMlJ\N

EFZTGF V[ ZFHIM HIF\ AgG[ U'CM VFJ[,F K[ "M B KAJU T"

M-DCFZFQ8= B- lACFZ K-S6F"8S A-VF\W5|N[X

J- HdD]SFxDLZ U-pTZ5|N[X T-T[,\U6F

EFZTGF p5ZFQ8=5lT ccZFWFZFWFG]\ C]:G sHF[.G[f ULZLUM5F,[ A;DF\ HTF DCMdDNG[ ;\S8;DI[ X\SZGFZFI6 S'Q6GF E[Z] VG[ Vg;FZLG[ sSCI]\fcc

ZFWF ZFWF C]:G ULZL UM5F, A;DF\ DMCdDN ;\S8 X\SZ GFZFI6 S'Q6GF E[Z] VG Vg;FZL GFI0]

0MP;J"5<,L ZFWFS'Q6G 0MP;J"5<,L ZFWFS'Q6G 0MPhFSLZ C];{G 0MPJLPJLPULZL 0MPUM5F, :J~5 5F9S A;%5F NgG5F HTL DMCdDN lCNFIT]<,FC ZFDF:JFDL jI\S8ZFDG X\SZ NIF/ XDF" SMR[ZL, ZFDG GFZFI6G S'Q6SF\T E{ZMl;\C X[BFJT DMCdDN CDLN Vg;FZL DMCdDN CDLN Vg;FZL J{S[IF GFI0]

lJWFG 5lZQFN JF/F ZFHIM "M B KAJU T"

M-DCFZFQ8= B- lACFZ K-S6F"8S A-VF\W5|N[X

J- HdD]SFxDLZ U-pTZ5|N[X T-T[,\U6F

lJWFG 5lZQFN JF/F ZFHIM IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc;}+ v I]H VFD lAST[ C{cc I]vI]P5L HvHdD] SFxDLZ VFvVF\W5|N[X DvDCFZFQ8= lAvlACFZ SvS6F"8S T[vT[,\U6F

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

11

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc U]HZFTGF ZFHI5F, ccDC[\NL lGtI s,UFJGFZLf EUJTLG[ DGDF\ EUJTL lJ`JXFZNF RF\0L s5|;gG Y.tIFZ[f J|HJFRL ZFDS'Q6 XF:+L :J~5[ sI]wWDF\f GZ[X S'Q65F, V\X]DFGG[ AF/56DF\ ;]\NZ S{,FX5lTGF sEF.f A,ZFD GJ,lSXMZG[ HDLG 5Z sCZFjIF4 T[ H ;DI[ S,DFvDFUL" s;NLf SMC,LV[ sO8SFZLfcc

DC[\NL lGtI EUJTL DG EUJTL lJ`J XFZNF RF\0L J|HJF;L ZFDS'Q6 XF:+L :J~5[ GZ[X S'Q65F, V\X]DFG AF/56DF\ ;]\NZ A,ZFD GJ,lSXMZ HDLG S,DF DFUL" SMC,L

DC[\NL GJFhH\U lGtIFG\N SFG}GUM 5LPV[GPEUJTL sSFf 0MPzL DgGFZFI6 5LPV[GPEUJTL sSFf S[PS[PlJ`JGFYG XFZNF D]BZHLs5|YD DCL,Ff S[P V[DPRF\0L A|HS]DFZ S[PGC[~ ZFDlS|QGF S[Pl+J[NL DlC5F,l;\C XF:+L ;~5l;\C GZ[XR\N= ;S;[GF S'Q65F, l;\3 V\X]DFG l;\3 S[PHL[PAF,S'Q6G sSFf ;]\NZl;\C E\0FZL A,ZFD HFB0 sSFf GJ,lSXMZ XDF" V[;P;LPHDLZ sSFf 0MPSD,F A[GLJF, DFUF"Z[8 VF
,MS;EFGF ;L8JF/F ZFHIMP cc;}+ v l+l5 D[D V~6 S[ ;FY UMJF U.cc

l+l5v l+5]ZF D[v D[3F,I Dv Dl65Z

V~6v V~6FR,5N[X UMJFv UMJF

V[ jIlSTVM H[ ZFQ8=5lT ;FY[ p5ZFQ8=5lT 56 ZCL R]SIF K[ m cc;}+ v ZFWF4GFZFI64ZFDG VF{Z C];{G 5Z XDF"T[ C]V[ ULZLcc

ZFWF v ZFWFS'Q6G GFZFI6 v S[P VFZP GFZFI6 ZFDG v VFZP J[\S8ZFDG VF{Z v PPPPPPPP C];{G v hFSLZ C];{G

5Z v PPPPPPPPPP XDF" v X\SZ NIF, XDF" T[ C]V[ vPPPPPPPPPP ULZL v JLPJLP ULZL

ZFHI;EFGF V[ ;eIM H[ 5|WFGD\+L AgIF CTFP cc.R UF0"cc .v.lgNZF UF\WL UFv .gN= S]DFZ R v V[RP0L[PN{JUM0F U]HZF, 0" v 0MPDGDMCG l;\C EFZTGF ZFHIMGL :YF5GF S|DX o cc;}+ v VFD U]GFC CL D[3 D\+ ;L GARMI"

VFv VF\W5|N[X (1953) Dv DCFZFQ8= (1960) U]v U]HZFT (1960) GFv GFUF,[g0 (1963) CvClZIF6F (1966) CLv lCDFR,5|N[X (1971) D[3vD[3F,I (1972)

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

D\v D6L5]Z (1972) +vl+5]ZF (1972) ;Lvl;lSSD (1975) G- UMJF (1987) ARVZ]6FR,5|N[X (1987) MI- lDhMZD (1987)

NITISH SIR

9426882075

12

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc A]S"Z 5|F.h D[/JGFZ EFZTLI ,[BSM cc;}+v AM; AKA" AMv ALPV[;PGF.5M, ;v ;,DFG Z;NL A-V~W\TL ZMI K-lSZ6 N[;F. A-VZlJ\N S[hZLJF, GMA[, 5]Z:SFZ lJH[TF EFZTLI ccZMSL TFZF B}8[ D[8= ;[G ;]ZH VFJ[ S[cc ZMGF<0 ZM;s;FlCtI XF:+ !)_Z) ~0IF0" lS5l,U s;FlCtI !)_*f ZJLgN=GFY 8FUMZ s;FlCtI !)!#f ;LPJLPZFDGsEF{lTSXF:+v!)#_f CZUMlJ\N B]ZFGFsTALAL XF:+v !)&(f DWZ 8[Z[;FsXF\lTv!)*)f V[; R\N=X[BZsEF{lTS XF:+v !)(#f VDtI" ;[G sVYXF:+v!))(f lJWFWZ ;}ZH 5|F;N GFI5M,s;FlCtIv Z__!f VFZP S[P 5RF{ZL sXF\lTvZ__*f J[\S8ZDG ZFDlSQ6G sZ;FI6XF:+vZ__)f S{,FX ;tIFYL"sXF\lTvZ_!$f SIF SIF N[XG]\ R,6L GF6]\ 0M,Z K[ T[ IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc;LTFHL JG ;[ SCF VFV[cc ;Lvl;\UF5]Z ;[v;[\8 ,}>X TFvTF.JFG SvS[G[0F HLvlHdAFA[ CFvCM\USM\U JvJZD]0F VFvVM:8=[l,IF GvgI}hL,[g0 V[PVD[lZSF

EFZTGL lJ`J ;\]NZLVM "RADUP" R-ZL8F OFlZIF U-I]STF D]BL (1966) P-l5|I\SF RM5ZF A-V[`JIF" ZFI (2000) D-0FIGF C{0G

;\I]ST ZFQ8=;\3GF :YFIL ;N:I N[X cc;}+vF R A C Ecc F-OF\; C-RLG R-ZlXIF E-.u,[g0 A-VD[lZSF

OPEC sVM5[Sf GF ;\:YF5S N[X cc;}+v V I S K I" V-J[G[h]V[,F K-S]J{T I-.ZFG I-.ZFS S-;FpNL VZA

G-8 ;lD8GF ;N:I N[X cc;}+v HLHF S. AFZ O|F\; VFI[cc HLvHD"GL AFvlA|8G HFv HF5FG ZvZ]; SvS[G[0F O|F\;vO|F\; ,.v.8F,L VFI[vVM:8=[l,IF

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

13

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc CMSL ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, 8=MOL VG[ S5 GL DFlCTL IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP "R D BARMAN" R-Z\UF:JFDL S5 R-Z6HLTl;\C 8=MOL D-wIFGR\N 8=MOL M-D~U%5F S5 B-A[UD Z;], A-VH,F\ XFC S5 A{CD S5 N-G[C~ 8=MOL A-VF\UF BF\ S5 GM\W v G[C~ S5 sAF:S[8 AM,f VG[ G[C~ UM<0 S5 sO}8AM,f ZDT ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, K[P SIF SIF N[XG]\ R,6L GF6]\ ~l5IM K[ T[ IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccEFZT ;[ DFDF zLG[ 5F.cc EFZTv EFZT zLvzL,\SF ;[vX[X[<; G[vG[5F/ DFvDF,NLJ 5Fv5FlS:TFG DFvDMZLX; .v.lg0MG[lXIF

lS|S[8 ;FY[ ;\S/FI[, 8=MOL VG[ S5 GL DFlCTL IFN ZFBJFGL ZLTP cclNJFZ S[ CLZM VF.V[GFcc lNv N[JWZ 8=MOL q VFv lN,L5 8=MOL VF.P;LP;L JFZv J<0" S54 R{ld5IG 8=MOL lJ<; S5 .v.ZFGL 8=MOL S[v S}RlACFZ S5 V[vV[X[H S5 CLv lCZM S5 GFvGFI0] 8=MOL ZMv ZMlC\8G 8=MOL

U]HZFTL K\N cc;}+v sD4l;4CFfcc pPNFPDF\ V1FZ DvD\NFS|F\TFv ! Z # v v v !* l;v lXBZ6Lv $ 5 & v v v U]~ CMIP V1FZ Cv ClZ6L v* ( ) v v v

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

14

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

!Z DlCGFGF lNJ;M HFgI]VFZL DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc!_ lJ`JG[ CF:I SZJF DF8[ !Z JFuI[ I]JF lJJ[SFG\NG[ !5 DF\ ;[GF lNJ; ) lNJ; EFZT 5|JF; SIM"cc !_ v lJ`J CF:I !5 v ;[GF lNJ; lNJ; )v 5|JF;L EFZTLI lNJ; !Zv ZFQ8=LI I]JF lNJ; s:JFDL lJJ[SFG\N HgD H\IlTf O[A|]VFZL DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccZ( DF\ ZFQ8=LI lJ7FG lNG[ Z! VF\TZZFQ8=LI DFT'EFQFFDF\ !Z DL JFZ :JFDL NIFG\N ;Z:JTLV[ !# lNJ; Z[l0IM ;F\E/L $ S[g;Z JF/F ,MSMGF !_ DL JFZ lJ`JDF\ lJJFC SZFjIFcc $v lJ`J S[g;Z !#v lJ`J Z[l0IM lNJ; lNJ; Z!v VF\TZZFQ8=LI DFT'EFQFF !_v lJ`J lJJFC lNG lNG Z(v ZFQ8=LI lJ7FG lNG !Zv :JFDL NIFG\N ;Z:JTL H\IlT

DFR" DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc! lNJ;GL ZFQ8=LI ;]Z1FF DF8[ ( DlC,FVMV[ VG[ Z_ RS,LV[ Z!JGDF\ ZZ H/ 5L G[ !Z lS0GL Z# XlCNMG[ NFGDF\ VF5Lcc !v ZFQ8=LI ;]Z1FF Z!v lJ`J JG lNG lNJ; (v VF\\TZZFQ8=LI ZZv lJ`J H/ DlC,F lNG lNJ; !Zv lJ`JGL lS0GL Z#v XlCN lNJ; lNG Z_v lJ`J RS,L lNG

V[l5|, DF;DF\ DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccZ# DF\ 5]:TSDF\ ZZ DL 5'yJL 5Z * DF\ lJ`J :JF:yI lNJ;[ !# DL JFZ H,LIFJF,F AFUDF\ !( DM J<0" C[ZL8[H 0[ pHJFIMcc

*v lNJ; :JF:yI ZZv 5'yJL lNJ; lNJ; Z#v lJ`J 5]:TS lNJ; !#v Hl,IFJF,F AFU lNG !(v J<0" C[ZL8[H lNG

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

15

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc D[ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc! ,F U]HZFT :YF5GF lNJ; VG[ ZlJgN=GFY 8FUMZGF\ * DF\ HgDNLG[4 ( DL JFZ lJ`J Z[0S|M; ;\:YFV[4 !! DM ZFQ8=LI 8[SGM,MHL lNU; VG[ #! DF\ lJ`J T\AFS] lGQF[W lNJ;GL4 Z) DL JFZ V[JZ[:8 5Z R0L4Z! VF\TSJFN lJZMWLVMV[ pHJ6L SZLPcc

!v U]]HZFT :YF5GF lNJ; *v ZlJgN=GFY 8FUMZ AY" 0[ (v lJ`J Z[0S|M; 0[ !!v ZFQ8=LI 8[SGM,MHL lNJ;

Z!v VFT\SJFN lJZMWL lNJ; Z)v V[JZ[:8 lNJ; #!vlJ`J T\AFS] lJZMWL lNJ;

VMUQ8 DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc& 9F lCZMXLDF VG[ ) DF\ GFUF;FSL lNG[4 Z) DM ZFQ8=LI B[, B[,L4Z_ DL JFZ ;NEFJGF NFBJLcc

H}G DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc5 DF\ 5IFJZ6 lNG4Z! JBT IMU SZJF4!( UMJFYL4!5 lJS,F\U4!Z AF/ DH]Z VFjIF TM 56 T[G[ ZL5M8"DF\ 0FIFAL8L; Z* VFjI]\cc

5v lJ`J 5IF"JZ6 lNG !ZvAF/ DH]ZL GFA]NL lNG !5vlJ`J lJS,F\U lNG

H},F. DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccZ& DF\ SFZUL, lJHI lNJ;[4!( DL JFZ G[<;G D\0[,FV[ ! lRlSt;F SZLcc !v lRlSt;F lNG Z&v SFZUL, lJHI !(v VF\TZZFQ8=LI lNG G[<;G D\0[,F lNG

!(v UMJF D]STL lNG Z!v VF\TZZFQ8=LI IMU lNJ; s,F\AFDF\ ,F\AM lNJ;f Z*v J<0" 0FIFAL8L; 0[

& v lCZMXLDF\ lNJ; Z_v ;NEFJGF lNG )v GFUF;FSL Z)vZFQ8=LI B[, lNG lNJ;

;%8[dAZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT ccZ* DF\ 5I"8G lNJ;[4ZZ lDlG8 XF\lT HF/JL VG[ !& AM8, VMhMGJFI] KM0IM VG[ 5 ;\:S'TDF\ VG[ !$ lCgNLDF\ 5|FY"GF AM
5v ;\:S'T lNG !$v lCgNL lNG !&v lJ`J VMhMG lNJ;

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

ZZv XF\lT VG[ V\lC;F lNG sU],FA lNGf Z*v lJ`J 5I"8G lNG

NITISH SIR

9426882075

16

cVF5GL ;O/TF V[ H VDFZ] ,1IPPPc

VMS8MdAZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc#! DF\ ZFQ8=LI V[STF lNG[4Z JFZ UF\WLHL VG[ $ JFZ xIFDHL S'Q6JDF" Z* lXX}G[ ,.G[ ( DL JFZ JFI] ;[GFGL D],FSFT ,LWLcc

Zv UF\WL H\IlT4 ,F, ACFN]Z XF:+L H\IlT4lJ`J 5X] lNG4lJ`J XFSFCFZ lNG $v xIFDHL S'Q6JDF" HgD H\IlT (v JFI] ;[GF lNG

Z*v lXX} lNG #!v ZFQ8=LI V[STF lNJ;s;ZNFZ 58[, HgD H\IlTf

GJ[dAZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc!$ DL HGF",L:8[ !$ AF/SMG[ Z! 8[,LJLhGDF\ !Z G\AZGL R[G, 5Z lX1FF VF5Lcc

!Zv ZFQ8=LI lX1FF lNG !$vAF/ lNG4 G[XG, HGF",LhD 0[

Z!v lJ`J 8[,LJLhG 0[

l0;[daZ DF;GF DCtJGF lNJ;M IFN ZFBJFGL ZLT cc# lJS,F\UMV[ !_ DL JFZ DFGJ VlWSFZ DF8[ * wJH ,. $ JFZ GF{ ;{GFDF\ UIF 56 Z# lS;FGM !$ JM8 pHF" D[/JJF UIF T[DFYL ! V[.0;GM NNL" CTMcc

!v lJ`J V[.0; lNG #v VF\TZZFQ8=LI lJS,F\U lNG $v GF{ ;{GF lNG *v wJH lNG

!_v DFGJ VlWSFZ lNG !$v ZFQ8=LI pHF ;\Z1F6 lNG Z#v lS;FG lNG

ccH]NF H]NF 5|JFCLDF\ PH 5|DF6cc 5F6Lv * NF~vZP( N]Wv&P$ DFGJD]+v$P(v(P$ DFGJZSTv*P$ NlZIF. 5F6Lv(P5 ,L\A]v ZP$ V\F;]v *P$ Nacl- * GM\Wo PH GL XMW ;FZ[g; GFDGF J{7FlGS[ SZL

V[GP S[P ;M,\SL JMS[XG, 8=[GL\U .g:8L8I]84 ÒJG lJSF; :S], S[d5;4 VFzD ZM04 Gl0IFNP

NITISH SIR

9426882075

17