Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Genesis—I

///G E N E S IS " means "origin," or "birth." V j This is a fitting name for a book that relates how the universe came into being, how the earth was prepared for human habi­ tation, and how man came to reside upon it. Moses wrote this book in the wilderness of Sinai, possibly completing it in 1513 B.C.E. The book of Genesis tells us about the world before the Flood, what happened as the post-Flood era began, and how Jehovah God dealt with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph. This article will consider highlights from Genesis 1:1-11:9, basically up to the time when Jehovah began dealing with the patriarch Abraham.

THE WORLD BEFORE THE FLOOD (Genesis 1:1-7:24) The opening words of Genesis, "in the be­ ginning," reach back billions of years into the past. The events of the six creative "days," or time periods of special creative works, are described as they would have ap­ peared to a human observer had he been present on the earth. By the end of the sixth day, God created man. Although Paradise is soon lost because of man's disobedience, Je­ hovah gives hope. The very first prophecy of the Bible speaks of a "seed" who will undo the effects of sin and bruise Satan in the head. During the following 16 centuries, Satan succeeds in turning aside from God all hu­ mans except a few faithful ones, such as Abel, Enoch, and Noah. For example, Cain

murders his righteous brother Abel. "A start [is] made of calling on the name of Jeho­ vah," apparently in a profane way. Reflecting the violent spirit of the day, Lamech com­ poses a poem about how he killed a young man, allegedly in self-defense. Conditions deteriorate as disobedient angelic sons of God take women as wives and produce vio­ lent giants called Nephilim. Yet, faithful Noah builds the ark, courageously warns others of the impending Deluge, and es­ capes its devastation with his family.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:16—How could God produce light on the first day if the luminaries were not made until the fourth day? The Hebrew word rendered "make" in verse 16 is not the same as the word for "create" used in Genesis chapter 1, verses 1, 21, and 27. "The heavens" that included the luminaries were created long before the "first day" even began. But their light did not reach the sur­ face of the earth. On the first day, "there came to be light" because diffused light pen­ etrated the cloud layers and became visible on the earth. The rotating earth thus began to have alternating day and night. (Genesis 1:1-3, 5) The sources of that light still re­ mained invisible from the earth. During the fourth creative period, however, a notable change took place. The sun, the moon, and the stars were now made "to shine upon the earth." (Genesis 1:17) "God proceeded to make" them in that they could now be seen from the earth.

3:8—Did Jehovah God speak to Adam di­ rectly? The Bible reveals that when God spoke to humans, it was often through an angel. (Genesis 16:7-11; 18:1-3, 22-26; 19:1; Judges 2:1-4; 6:11-16, 22; 13:15-22) God's chief spokesman was his only-begotten Son, called "the Word." (John 1:1) Very likely God spoke to Adam and Eve through "the Word."—Genesis 1:26-28; 2:16; 3:8-13. 3:17—In what way was the ground cursed, and for how long? The curse pro­ nounced on the ground meant that cultivat­ ing it would now become very difficult. The effects of the cursed ground, with its thorns and thistles, were so keenly felt by Adam's descendants that Noah's father, Lamech, spoke of "the pain of our hands result­ ing from the ground which Jehovah has cursed." (Genesis 5:29) After the Flood, Je­ hovah blessed Noah and his sons, stating His purpose that they fill the earth. (Genesis 9:1) God's curse on the ground was apparently lifted.—Genesis 13:10. 4:15—How did Jehovah "set up a sign for Cain"? The Bible does not say that a sign or a mark was placed on Cain's person in any way. The sign likely consisted of a solemn de­ cree that was known and observed by others and that was intended to prevent his being killed out of revenge. 4:17—Where did Cain get his wife? Adam "became father to sons and daughters.” (Genesis 5:4) So Cain took one of his sisters or perhaps one of his nieces as a wife. Later, God's Law to the Israelites did not permit the marriage of a fleshly brother and sister. —Leviticus 18:9. 5:24—In what way did God 'take Enoch'? Enoch was apparently in mortal danger, but God did not allow him to suffer at the hands of his enemies. "Enoch was transferred so as not to see death," wrote the apostle Paul.

(Hebrews 11:5) This does not mean that God took him to heaven, where he kept on living. Jesus was the first one to ascend to heaven. (John 3:13; Hebrews 6:19,20) Enoch's being "transferred so as not to see death" may mean that God put him in a prophetic trance and then terminated his life while he was in that state. Under such circumstances, Enoch did not suffer, or "see death," at the hands of his enemies. 6:6—In what sense can it be said that Je­ hovah "felt regrets" that he had made man? Here the Hebrew word translated "felt regrets" pertains to a change of attitude or intention. Jehovah is perfect and therefore did not make a mistake in creating man. However, he did have a change of mental at­ titude as regards the wicked pre-Flood gener­ ation. God turned from the attitude of the Creator of humans to that of a destroyer of them because of his displeasure with their wickedness. The fact that he preserved some humans shows that his regrets were con­ fined to those who had become wicked. - 2 Peter 2:5, 9. 7:2—What was used as a basis for mak­ ing a distinction between clean and un­ clean animals? The basis of distinction evi­ dently pertained to the use of sacrifices in worship and not to what could and could not be eaten. Animal flesh was not a part of man's diet prior to the Flood. The designa­ tions "clean" and "unclean" for food came into existence only with the Mosaic Law, and they ended when it was abolished. (Acts 10:9-16; Ephesians 2:15) Apparently, Noah knew what was suitable for sacrifice in the worship of Jehovah. As soon as he left the ark, he "began to build an altar to Jehovah and to take some of all the clean beasts and of all the clean flying creatures and to offer burnt offerings upon the altar."—Genesis

8 :20 . THE W ATCHTOW ER • JANUARY 1, 2004

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7:11—Where did the water causing the global Flood come from? During the sec­ ond creative period, or "day," when the earth's atmospheric "expanse" was formed, there were waters "beneath the expanse” and waters "above the expanse." (Genesis 1: 6, 7) The waters "beneath" were those al­ ready on earth. The waters "above" were huge quantities of moisture suspended high above the earth, forming a "vast watery deep." These waters fell upon the earth in Noah's day.

4:3-7. Jehovah was pleased with Abel's of­ fering because he was a righteous man of faith. (Hebrews 11:4) On the other hand, as his actions indicated, Cain lacked faith. His were wicked, marked by jealousy, ha­ tred, and murder. (1 John 3:12) Moreover, he probably gave little more than super­ ficial thought to his offering and merely went through the motions of presenting it. Should not our sacrifices of praise to Jeho­ vah be wholehearted and accompanied by a proper attitude and right conduct? 6:22. Although it took many years to build the ark, Noah did just what God had commanded. Noah and his family were therefore preserved through the Deluge. Je­ hovah speaks to us through his written Word and gives direction through his orga­ nization. It is to our benefit to listen and obey. 7:21-24. Jehovah does not destroy the righteous along with the wicked.

Lessons for Us: 1:26. Being made in God's image, hu­ mans have the capacity to reflect godly attributes. Surely we should try to culti­ vate such qualities as love, mercy, kindness, goodness, and patience, reflecting the One who made us. 2:22-24. Marriage is God's arrange­ ment. The marriage bond is perma­ nent and sacred, with the husband serving as head of the family. 3:1-5, 16-23. Happiness is de­ pendent on our recognizing Je­ hovah's sovereignty in our per­ sonal life. 3:18, 19; 5:5; 6:7; 7:23. Je­ hovah's word always comes true.

MANKIND ENTERS A NEW ERA (Genesis 8 :1 -1 1:9) With the pre-Flood world gone, mankind enters a new era. Humans are granted per­ mission to eat meat but with the command to abstain from blood. Jehovah authorizes the death penalty for murder and establish­ es the rainbow covenant, promising never to bring another Deluge. Noah's three sons be­ come the progenitors of the entire human race, but his great-grandson Nimrod be­ comes "a mighty hunter in opposition to Jehovah." Rather than spreading out to populate the earth, men de­ cide to build a city named Babel and a tower to make a celebrated name for themselves. Their in­ tentions are thwarted when Je-

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hovah confuses their language and scatters them earth wide.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 8:11—If the trees were ruined by the Flood, where did the dove get the olive leaf? There are two possibilities. Since the olive is quite a hardy tree, it might have remained alive under water for some months during the Deluge. With the abating of the floodwaters, an olive tree that had been submerged would again be on dry ground and could put forth leaves. The olive leaf car­ ried to Noah by the dove could also have been taken from a fairly young sprout that came up after the floodwaters had abated. 9:20-25—Why did Noah curse Canaan? Very likely Canaan was guilty of some abuse or perversion against his grandfather Noah. Though Canaan's father, Ham, witnessed this, he did not interfere but appears to have spread the story. However, Noah's other two sons, Shem and Japheth, acted to cover their father. They were blessed for this reason, but Canaan was cursed, and Ham suffered as a result of the shame brought upon his off­ spring. 10:25—How was the earth "divided" in the days of Peleg? Peleg lived from 2269 to 2030 B.C.E. It was "in his days" that Jehovah caused a great division by confusing the language of Babel's builders and scattering them over all the surface of the earth. (Gen­ esis 11:9) Thus, "the earth [or, the earth's population] was divided" in the days of Pe­ leg.

Lessons for Us: 9:1; 11:9. No human scheme or effort can thwart Jehovah's purpose. 10:1-32. The two records of genealogy surrounding the account of the Flood —chapters 5 and 10—connect the entire hu­ man race with the first man, Adam, through Noah's three sons. Assyrians, Chaldeans, Hebrews, Syrians, and some Arabian tribes, are descen­ dants of Shem. Ethiopians, Egyp­ tians, Canaanites, and some Afri­ can and Arabian tribes descended from Ham. Indo-Europeans are de­ scendants of Japheth. All humans are related, and all are born equal be­ fore God. (Acts 17:26) This truth must affect how we view and treat others. God's Word Can Exert Power The first part of the book of Genesis con­ tains the only accurate account of early hu­ man history. In these pages, we gain insight into God's purpose for putting man on the earth. How reassuring to see that no human efforts, like those of Nimrod, can prevent its fulfillment! As you do the weekly Bible reading in preparation for the Theocratic Ministry School, considering what is stated under the section "Scriptural Questions Answered" will help you to understand some of the dif­ ficult Scriptural passages. The comments under "Lessons for Us" will show you how you can benefit from the Bible reading for the week. When appropriate, they can also provide the basis for a local needs part on the Service Meeting. Jehovah's Word is in­ deed alive and can exert power in our lives. —Hebrews 4:12.

Abraham was a man of faith

Jehovah blesses Joseph

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Genesis—II

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ROM the creation of the first man, Adam, to the death of Jacob's son Joseph, Gene­ sis covers 2,369 years of human history. The first 10 chapters as well as 9 verses of the 11th chapter, covering the account from creation to the tower of Babel, were discussed in the preceding issue of this magazine.* This arti­ cle considers highlights from the remainder of Genesis, pertaining to God's dealings with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph.

ABRAHAM BECOMES GOD'S FRIEND (Genesis 11:10-23:20) Some 350 years after the Flood, a man who proves to be very special to God is born in the * See the article "Jehovah's Word Is Alive—Highlights From the Book of Genesis—I" in the January 1, 2004, is­ sue of The Watchtower.

line of descent of Noah's son Shem. His name is Abram, later changed to Abraham. At God's command, Abram leaves the Chaldean city of Ur and becomes a tent dweller in a land that Jehovah promises to give to him and his descendants. Because of his faith and obedience, Abraham comes to be called "Je­ hovah's friend."—James 2:23. Jehovah takes action against the wicked in­ habitants of Sodom and its nearby cities, while Lot and his daughters are preserved alive. A promise of God is fulfilled in the birth of Abraham's son Isaac. Years later, Abraham's faith is tested when Jehovah in­ structs him to offer this son as a sacrifice. Abraham is ready to obey but is stopped by an angel. There is no doubt that Abraham is a man of faith, and he is assured that by means of his seed, all nations will bless themselves. The death of his beloved wife, Sarah, brings much sorrow to Abraham.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 12:1-3—When did the Abrahamic cove­ nant go into effect, and for how long? Jeho-

Righteous Lot and his daughters were preserved

vah's covenant with Abram that "all the families of the ground will certainly bless themselves by means of [Abram]" apparently went into effect when Abram crossed the Eu­ phrates on his way to Canaan. This must have been on Nisan 14, 1943 B.C.E.—430 years before Israel was delivered from Egypt. (Exodus 12:2, 6, 7, 40, 41) The Abrahamic covenant is "a covenant to time indefinite." It remains in effect until the blessing of the families of the earth and the destruction of all God's enemies have been accomplished. —Genesis 17:7; 1 Corinthians 15:23-26. 15:13—When was the foretold 400-year affliction of Abram's offspring fulfilled? This period of affliction began in 1913 B.C.E. when Abraham's son Isaac was weaned at about 5 years of age and his 19-year-old half brother, Ishmael, was "poking fun" at him. (Genesis 21:8-14; Galatians 4:29) It ended with the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian bondage in 1513 B.C.E. 16:2—Was it proper for Sarai to offer her maidservant Hagar as a wife to Abram? Sarai's offer was in line with the custom of the day—that a barren wife was obligated to pro­ vide her husband with a concubine in order to produce an heir. The practice of polygamy first appeared in the line of Cain. Eventually, it became a custom and was adopted by some worshipers of Jehovah. (Genesis 4:1719; 16:1-3; 29:21-28) However, Jehovah nev­ er abandoned his original standard of mo­ nogamy. (Genesis 2:21, 22) Noah and his sons, to whom the command to 'be fruitful and fill the earth' was repeated, were evident­ ly all monogamous. (Genesis 7:7; 9:1; 2 Peter 2:5) And this standard of monogamy was reasserted by Jesus Christ.—Matthew 19:4-8; 1 Timothy 3:2,12. 19:8—Was it not wrong for Lot to offer his daughters to the Sodomites? According to the Oriental code, it was a host's responsi­

bility to protect the guests in his home, de­ fending them even to the point of death if necessary. Lot was prepared to do that. He bravely went out to the mob, closed the door behind him, and faced them alone. By the time he offered his daughters, Lot likely real­ ized that his guests were messengers from God, and he may have reasoned that God could protect his daughters as He had pro­ tected his aunt Sarah in Egypt. (Genesis 12:17-20) Indeed, as the matter turned out, Lot and his daughters were kept safe. 19:30-38—Did Jehovah condone Lot's getting drunk and fathering sons by his two daughters? Jehovah condones neither incest nor drunkenness. (Leviticus 18:6, 7, 29; 1 Corinthians 6:9, 10) Lot actually de­ plored the "lawless deeds” of Sodom's inhab­ itants. (2 Peter 2:6-8) The very fact that Lot's daughters got him intoxicated suggests that they realized that he would not consent to having sexual relations with them while he was sober. But as aliens in the land, his daughters felt that this was the only way to prevent the extinction of Lot's family. The account is in the Bible to reveal the relation­ ship of the Moabites (through Moab) and the Ammonites (through Benammi) to Abra­ ham's descendants, the Israelites.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 13:8, 9. What a beautiful model Abra­ ham provides in handling differences! Never should we sacrifice peaceful relationships for the sake of financial gain, personal prefer­ ences, or pride. 15:5, 6. When Abraham was getting old and had not yet had a son, he spoke with his God about the matter. Jehovah, in turn, re­ assured him. The result? Abraham "put faith in Jehovah." If we open our hearts to Jeho­ vah in prayer, accept his reassurances from the Bible, and obey him, our faith will be strengthened. THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2004

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15:16. Jehovah withheld the execution of his judgment upon the Amorites (or, Canaanites) for four generations. Why? Because he is a patient God. He waited until all hope of improvement was gone. Like Jehovah, we need to be patient. 18:23-33. Jehovah does not destroy peo­ ple indiscriminately. He protects the righ­ teous. 19:16. Lot “kept lingering," and the an­ gels almost had to drag him and his family out of the city of Sodom. We are wise not to lose our sense of urgency as we await the end of the wicked world. 19:26. How foolish to be distracted by or longingly look back at what we have left be­ hind in the world!

JACOB HAS 12 SONS (Genesis 24:1-36:43) Abraham arranges for Isaac's marriage to Rebekah, a woman having faith in Jehovah. She gives birth to the twins Esau and Jacob. Esau despises his birthright and sells it to Ja­ cob, who later receives his father's blessing. Jacob flees to Paddan-aram, where he mar­ ries Leah and Rachel and tends the flocks of their father for some 20 years before depart­ ing with his family. By Leah, Rachel, and their two maidservants, Jacob has 12 sons as well as daughters. Jacob grapples with an an­ gel and is blessed, and his name is changed to Israel.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 28:12, 13—What was the significance of Jacob's dream involving "a ladder"? This "ladder," which may have looked like a ris­ ing flight of stones, indicated that there is communication between earth and heaven. God's angels ascending and descending on it showed that angels minister in some impor­ tant way between Jehovah and humans who have his approval.—John 1:51. 28

THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2004

30:14,15—Why did Rachel relinquish an opportunity to conceive in exchange for some mandrakes? In ancient times, the fruit of the mandrake plant was used in medicine as a narcotic and for preventing or relieving spasms. The fruit was also credited with the capacity to excite sexual desire and to in­ crease human fertility or aid in conception. (Song of Solomon 7:13) While the Bible does not reveal Rachel's motive for the ex­ change, she may have thought that the man­ drakes would help her conceive and end her reproach of being barren. However, it was some years before Jehovah "opened her womb."—Genesis 30:22-24.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 25:23. Jehovah has the ability to detect the genetic bent of the unborn and to exer­ cise his foreknowledge and select beforehand whom he chooses for his purposes. Yet, he does not predetermine the final destiny of in­ dividuals.—Hosea 12:3; Romans 9:10-12. 25:32; 32:24-29. Jacob's concern about obtaining the birthright and his wrestling all night with an angel to get a blessing show that he truly appreciated sacred things. Jeho­ vah has entrusted us with a number of sacred things, such as our relationship with him and his organization, the ransom, the Bible, and our Kingdom hope. May we prove to be like Jacob in showing appreciation for them. 34:1,30. The trouble that "brought ostra­ cism" upon Jacob started because Dinah made friends with people who did not love Jehovah. We must choose our associates wisely. JEHOVAH BLESSES JOSEPH IN EGYPT (Genesis 37:1-50:26) Jealousy moves Jacob's sons to sell their brother Joseph as a slave. In Egypt, Joseph is imprisoned because he faithfully and coura­ geously adheres to God's moral standards. In

time, he is brought forth from prison to in­ icant authority and power would reside with terpret Pharaoh's dreams, which foretell sev­ the tribe of Judah until the coming of Shiloh. en years of plenty followed by seven years of This descendant of Judah is Jesus Christ, the famine. Joseph is then made Egypt's food ad­ one upon whom Jehovah has bestowed heav­ ministrator. His brothers come to Egypt enly rulership. Christ holds royal authori­ seeking food because of the famine. ty and possesses the power to com­ The family is reunited and set­ mand.—Psalm 2:8, 9; Isaiah 55:4; tled in the fertile land of Go­ Daniel 7:13,14. shen. On his deathbed Jacob Lessons for Us:_____________ blesses his sons and utters 38:26. Judah was wrong a prophecy that gives sure in his dealings with his hope of great blessings in wi do we d d a u g h t e r - i n centuries to come. Jacob's law, Tamar. However, when remains are taken to Canaan for burial. When Joseph dies confronted with his respon­ at the age of 110, his body is sibility for her pregnancy, embalmed, eventually to be Judah humbly admitted his transported to the Promised error. We too should be quick Land.—Exodus 13:19. to acknowledge our mistakes. Jacob appreciated sacred things. 3 9 :9 . Joseph's response to Scriptural Questions Answered: Do you? Potiphar's wife shows that his 43:32—Why was eating a meal thinking was attuned to God's think­ with the Hebrews detestable to the ing on the matter of morals and that his Egyptians? This may largely have been be­ conscience was guided by godly principles. cause of religious prejudice or racial pride. Should we not also strive for the same The Egyptians also detested shepherds. (Gen­ as we grow in accurate knowledge of the esis 46:34) Why? Sheepherders may simply truth? have been near the bottom in the Egyptian caste system. Or it could be that since the 41:14-16,39,40. Jehovah can bring about land available for cultivation was limited, the a reversal of circumstances for those who fear Egyptians despised those seeking pasture for him. When adversities strike, we are wise to flocks. put our trust in Jehovah and remain faithful 44:5—Did Joseph actually use a cup to to him. read omens? The silver cup and what was They Had Abiding Faith said about it were evidently part of a subter­ Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph were in­ fuge or stratagem. Joseph was a faithful wor­ deed God-fearing men of faith. The account shiper of Jehovah. He did not really use the of their lives, contained in the book of Gene­ cup to read omens, even as Benjamin did not sis, is truly faith-strengthening and teaches actually steal it. us many valuable lessons. 49:10—What is the meaning of "the scep­ You can benefit from this account as you ter" and "the commander's staff"? A scepter carry out your weekly Bible reading assign­ is a baton carried by a ruler as a symbol of ment for the Theocratic Ministry School. royal authority. The commander's staff is a Considering the foregoing will help make long rod denoting his power to command. Ja­ the account come alive. cob's reference to these indicated that signif­ THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2004

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Exodus T IS a true story of the deliverance of those who were made to “slave under tyr­ anny." (Exodus 1:13) It is also an exciting ac­ count of the birth of a nation. Astounding miracles, superb legislation, and the con­ struction of the tabernacle are among its ab­ sorbing features. In essence, this is what the Bible book of Exodus contains. Written by the Hebrew prophet Moses, Exodus relates the experiences of the Israel­ ites over a period of 145 years—from Jo­ seph's death in 1657 B.C.E. to the comple­ tion of the tabernacle in 1512 B.C.E. Yet, the account is of more than mere historical in­ terest. It is a part of God's word, or message, to mankind. As such, it "is alive and exerts power." (Hebrews 4:12) Exodus, then, has real meaning for us.

I

"GOD HEARD THEIR GROANING" (Exodus 1:1-4:31) Jacob's descendants living in Egypt in­ crease so rapidly that by royal mandate they are made to suffer as slaves. Pharaoh even decrees death for all Israelite male infants. Escaping such an end is a three-month-old baby, Moses, who is adopted by Pharaoh's daughter. Although he is brought up in the royal household, at the age of 40, Moses sides with his own people and kills an Egyp­ tian. (Acts 7:23,24) Forced to flee, he goes to Midian. There he gets married and lives as a shepherd. At a miraculously burning bush, Jehovah commissions Moses to return to Egypt to lead the Israelites out of slavery. His brother, Aaron, is appointed to be his spokesman. 24

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2 0 0 4

Scriptural Questions Answered: 3:1—What kind of priest was Jethro? In patriarchal times the family head served as a priest for his family. Jethro was evidently the patriarchal head of a tribe of Midianites. Since the Midianites were Abraham's descen­ dants by Keturah, they were perhaps exposed to the worship of Jehovah.—Genesis 25:1, 2. 4:11—In what sense does Jehovah 'ap­ point the speechless, the deaf, and the blind'? Although Jehovah has on occasion caused blindness and muteness, he is not re­ sponsible for every case of such disabilities. (Genesis 19:11; Luke 1:20-22, 62-64) These are the result of inherited sin. (Job 14:4; Ro­ mans 5:12) Since God has allowed this situa­ tion to exist, however, he could speak of him­ self as 'appointing' the speechless, the deaf, and the blind. 4:16—How was Moses to "serve as God" to Aaron? Moses was a representative of God. Hence, Moses became "as God" to Aaron, who spoke representatively for Moses.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 1:7, 14. Jehovah supported his people when they were oppressed in Egypt. He simiJehovah com m issioned the m eek m an Moses to lea d the Israelites o u t o f

larly sustains his modern-day Witnesses, even in the face of intense persecution. 1:17-21. Jehovah remembers us "for good."—Nehemiah 13:31. 3:7-10. Jehovah is sensitive to the out­ cry of his people. 3:14. Jehovah unfailingly carries out his purposes. We can therefore be confi­ dent that he will turn our Bible-based hopes into reality. 4:10,13. Moses displayed so much lack of confidence in his ability to speak that even when assured of divine backing, he begged God to send someone else to speak to Pharaoh. Still, Jehovah used Moses and gave him the wisdom and strength needed to carry out his assign­ ment. Instead of focusing on our inade­ quacies, may we rely on Jehovah and faith­ fully fulfill our commission to preach and to teach.—Matthew 24:14; 28:19,20.

ASTOUNDING MIRACLES BRING DELIVERANCE (Exodus 5:1-15:21) Moses and Aaron appear before Pharaoh, asking that the Israelites be permitted to cele­ brate a festival to Jehovah in the wilderness. The Egyptian ruler defiantly refuses. Jehovah uses Moses to bring about one telling blow after another. Only after the tenth plague does Pharaoh let the Israelites go. Soon, how­ ever, he and his military forces are in hot pur­ suit. But Jehovah opens an escape corridor through the Red Sea and delivers his people. The pursuing Egyptians drown as the sea closes in on them.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 6:3—In what way had God's name not been made known to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob? These patriarchs used the divine name and received promises from Jehovah. Yet, they did not know or experience Jehovah

The Ten Plagues dem onstrated the Creator's co ntro l o ver water, sunlight, insects, anim als, a n d hum ans

as the one who caused these promises to be fulfilled.—Genesis 12:1, 2; 15:7,13-16; 26:24; 28:10-15. 7:1—How was Moses made "God to Pha­ raoh"? Moses was given divine power and authority over Pharaoh. Hence, there was no need to be afraid of that king. 7:22—Where did the Egyptian priests get water that had not been turned into blood? They could have used some water that had been taken from the Nile River be­ fore this plague. Unaffected water apparently could also be collected by digging wells in the moist soil round about the Nile River. —Exodus 7:24. 8:26, 27—Why did Moses say that Israel's sacrifices would be "detestable to the Egyp­ tians"? Many different animals were venerat­ ed in Egypt. The mention of sacrifices thus added force and persuasiveness to Moses' in­ sistence that Israel be allowed to go away to sacrifice to Jehovah. 12:29—Who were reckoned as firstborn? The firstborn included only males. (Num­ bers 3:40-51) Pharaoh, himself a firstborn, THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2 0 0 4

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frozen waters, ice. If the "strong east wind" was not killed. He had his own household. mentioned at Exodus 14:21 had been cold Not the family head but the firstborn son of enough to freeze the waters, doubtless some the household died as a result of the tenth reference would have been made to the ex­ plague. treme cold. Since nothing visible was hold­ 12:40—How long did the Israelites dwell ing back the waters, they had the appearance in the land of Egypt? The 430 years men­ of being congealed, stiffened, or thickened. tioned here includes the time the sons of Is­ rael spent "in the land of Egypt and in the Lessons for Us:_________________________ ReferenBible, footnote) land of Canaan." ( 7:14-12:30. The Ten Plagues were not Seventy-five-year-old Abraham crossed the mere coincidences. They were predicted and Euphrates River in 1943 B.C.E. on his way to came precisely as indicated. How vividly the Canaan. (Genesis 12:4) From then until the bringing of them demonstrates the Creator's time 130-year-old Jacob entered Egypt was control over water, sunlight, insects, ani­ 215 years. (Genesis 21:5; 25:26; 47:9) This mals, and humans! The plagues also show means that the Israelites thereafter spent an that God can selectively bring calamity upon equal period of 215 years in Egypt. his enemies while protecting his worshipers. 15:8—Were the "congealed" waters of the 11:2; 12:36. Jehovah blesses his people. Ev­ Red Sea actually frozen waters? The Hebrew idently he was seeing to it that the Israelites verb translated "congealed" means to shrink were now given wages for their labor in or thicken. At Job 10:10, the expression is Egypt. They had entered the land as free peo­ used with regard to curdling milk. Hence, the ple, not as captives of war to be enslaved. congealed waters do not necessarily suggest 14:30. We can be confident that Jehovah will deliver his worshipers at the upcoming "great tribulation.”—Matthew 24:20-22; Rev­ By m eans o f Moses, elation 7:9,14. Jehovah o rganized the Israelites into a theocratic nation

JEHOVAH ORGANIZES A THEOCRATIC NATION (Exodus 15:22-40:38) In the third month after their deliverance from Egypt, the Israelites encamp at the foot of Mount Sinai. There they receive the Ten Commandments and other laws, enter into a covenant with Jehovah, and become a theo­ cratic nation. Moses spends 40 days in the mountain, receiving instructions regarding true worship and the construction of Jeho­ vah's tabernacle, a portable temple. Mean­ while, the Israelites make and worship a golden calf. Descending from the mountain, Moses sees this and becomes so incensed that he smashes the two stone tablets given him by God. After due punishment is meted

out to the wrongdoers, he again ascends the mountain and receives another set of tablets. Upon Moses' return, tabernacle construction begins. By the end of Israel's first year of free­ dom, this marvelous tent and all its furnish­ ings are completed and set up. Then Jehovah fills the tent with his glory.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 20:5—How is it that Jehovah brings "punishment for the error of fathers" upon future generations? After reaching an age of responsibility, each individual is judged on the basis of his own conduct and attitude. But when the nation of Israel turned to idola­ try, it suffered the consequences of this for generations thereafter. Even the faithful Isra­ elites felt its effects in that the nation's reli­ gious delinquency made staying on a course of integrity difficult for them. 23:19; 34:26—What was the significance of the command not to boil a kid in its mother's milk? Boiling a kid (the young of a goat or other animal) in its mother's milk re­ portedly was a pagan ritual thought to pro­ duce rain. Moreover, since the mother's milk is for nourishing her young, boiling her off­ spring in it would be an act of cruelty. This law helped to show God's people that they should be compassionate. 23:2 0 -2 3 —W ho was the angel m en­ tioned here, and how was it that Jehovah's name was "within him"? Likely, this angel was Jesus in his prehuman form. He was used to guide the Israelites on their way to the Promised Land. (1 Corinthians 10:1-4) Jeho­ vah's name is "within him" in that Jesus is the principal one who upholds and sanctifies his Father's name. 32:1-8, 25-35—Why was Aaron not pun­ ished for making the golden calf? Aaron was not in heartfelt sympathy with the idola­ try. Later, he apparently joined fellow Levites in taking a stand for God and against those who resisted Moses. After the guilty were

slain, Moses reminded the people that they had sinned greatly, indicating that others be­ sides Aaron also received Jehovah's mercy. 33:11, 20—How did God speak to Moses "face to face"? This expression denotes inti­ mate two-way conversation. Moses talked with God's representative and orally received instruction from Jehovah through him. But Moses did not see Jehovah, since 'no man can see God and yet live.' In fact, Jehovah did not personally speak to Moses. The Law "was transmitted through angels by the hand of a mediator," states Galatians 3:19.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 15:25; 16:12. Jehovah provides for his people. 18:21. The men chosen for responsible po­ sitions in the Christian congregation must also be capable, God-fearing, trustworthy, and unselfish. 20:1-23:33. Jehovah is the supreme Law­ giver. When obeyed, his laws enabled the Is­ raelites to worship him in an orderly and joyful way. Jehovah has a theocratic organi­ zation today. Cooperating with it leads to our happiness and security. Real Meaning for Us What does the book of Exodus reveal about Jehovah? It presents him as the loving Provider, the incomparable Deliverer, and the Fulfiller of his purposes. He is the God of theocratic organization. As you do the weekly Bible reading in prep­ aration for the Theocratic Ministry School, no doubt you will be deeply moved by what you learn from Exodus. When you consid­ er what is stated in the section "Scriptural Questions Answered," you will gain greater insight into certain Scriptural passages. The comments under "Lessons for Us" will show you how you can benefit from the Bible read­ ing for the week. THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2 0 0 4

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Leviticus YEAR has not yet passed since the Is­ raelites were liberated from Egyptian bondage. Now organized into a new nation, they are on their way to the land of Canaan. Jehovah's purpose is to have a holy nation dwell there. However, the way of life and the religious practices of the Canaanites are very degraded. So the true God gives the congregation of Israel regulations that will set it apart for his service. These are record­ ed in the Bible book of Leviticus. Written by the prophet Moses in the wilderness of Si­ nai, apparently in 1512 B.C.E., the book covers no more than one lunar month. (Exodus 40:17; Numbers 1:1-3) Jehovah re­ peatedly urges his worshipers to be holy. -Leviticus 11:44; 19:2; 20:7, 26. Witnesses of Jehovah today are not under the Law given by God through Moses. The death of Jesus Christ did away with that Law. (Romans 6:14; Ephesians 2:11-16) However, the regulations found in Leviticus can benefit us, teaching us much about the worship of our God, Jehovah.

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HOLY OFFERINGS -VO LU N TARY AND COMPULSORY (Leviticus 1:1-7:38) Some of the offerings and sacrifices of the Law were voluntary, whereas others were compulsory. The burnt offering, for exam­ ple, was voluntary. It was presented to God in its entirety, even as Jesus Christ willingly and wholly gave his life as a ransom sacri­ fice. The voluntary communion sacrifice was shared. One part of it was presented to God on the altar, another portion was eaten

by the priest, and still another by the offer­ er. Comparably, for anointed Christians, the Memorial of Christ's death is a commu­ nion meal.—1 Corinthians 10:16-22. Sin offerings and guilt offerings were compulsory. The first atoned for sins com­ mitted by mistake, or unintentionally. The second satisfied God when a right was vio­ lated, or it restored certain rights for the re­ pentant wrongdoer—or both. There were also grain offerings made in recognition of Jehovah's bounty. All these matters are of interest to us because the sacrifices com­ manded under the Law covenant pointed to Jesus Christ and his sacrifice or to benefits flowing therefrom.—Hebrews 8:3-6; 9:9-14; 10:5-10.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2 :1 1 , 12—W h y w as honey "as an offering made by fire" unaccept­ able to Jehovah? The honey meant here could not refer to that of bees. Though not allowed "as an offering made by fire," it was included am ong "th e firstfruits of . . .

Sacrifices offered u n d e r the Law p o in ted to Jesus Christ a n d his sacrifice

The Festival o f U nferm ented Cakes was an event o f great jo y

the produce of the field." (2 Chronicles 31:5) This hon­ ey was evidently the juice, or syrup, of fruits. Since it could fer­ ment, it was unacceptable as an of­ fering upon the altar. 2:13—Why did salt have to be presented "with every offering"? This was not done to enhance the flavor of the sacrifices. Around the world, salt is used as a preservative. It was likely presented with offerings because it represents freedom from corruption and decay.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 3:17. Since the fat was regarded as the best or the richest part, the prohibition against eating it evidently impressed upon the Isra­ elites that the best part belonged to Jeho­ vah. (Genesis 45:18) This reminds us that we should give our very best to Jehovah. —Proverbs 3:9,10; Colossians 3:23, 24. 7:26, 27. The Israelites were not to eat blood. In God's view, blood represents life. "The soul [life] of the flesh is in the blood," states Leviticus 17:11. Abstinence from blood remains the standard for true worshipers today.—Acts 15:28, 29. HOLY PRIESTHOOD IS SET FORTH (Leviticus 8:1-10:20) Who were given the responsibility of car­ ing for duties involving sacrifices and offer­ ings? That was entrusted to the priests. As directed by God, Moses conducted an in­ stallation ceremony for Aaron, the high priest, and for his four sons, who were to be underpriests. The ceremony apparent­ ly occupied a seven-day period, and the 22

THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 2004

priesthood began func­ tioning on the follow­ ing day.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 9:9—W hat is signif­ icant about the pour­ ing of blood at the base of the altar and the placing of it on v a rio u s item s? T h is demonstrated that Je ­ hovah accepted blood for atonement purposes. The whole atonement ar­ rangement was based on blood. "Nearly all things are cleansed with blood according to the Law," wrote the apostle Paul, "and un­ less blood is poured out no forgiveness takes place."—Hebrews 9:22. 10:1, 2—W hat may have been involved in the sin of Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu? Soon after Nadab and Abihu took lib­ erties in performing their priestly duties, Jehovah forbade priests to use wine or in­ toxicating liquor while serving at the taber­ nacle. (Leviticus 10:9) This suggests that Aaron's two sons may have been under the influence of alcohol on the occasion here under consideration. However, the actual reason for their death was their offering "il­ legitimate fire, which [Jehovah] had not prescribed for them."

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 10:1, 2. Responsible servants of Jehovah today must comply with divine require­ ments. Moreover, they must not be pre­ sumptuous as they care for their responsi­ bilities. 10:9. We should not perform God-given duties while under the influence of alcohol­ ic beverages.

A n n u a l festivals, such as the Festival o f Booths, were occasions for offering thanks to Jehovah

HOLY WORSHIP DEMANDS CLEANNESS (Leviticus 11:1-15:33) Food regulations concerning clean and unclean animals benefited the Israelites in two ways. These regulations protected them from being infected by harmful organisms and strengthened the barrier between them and the people of the surrounding nations. Other regulations dealt with uncleanness from dead bodies, the purification of wom­ en upon giving birth, procedures involving leprosy, and uncleanness resulting from male and female sexual discharges. Priests were to take care of matters dealing with un­ cleanness contracted by individuals.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 12:2, 5—Why did childbirth make a woman "unclean"? The reproductive or­ gans were made to pass on perfect human life. However, because of the inherited ef­ fects of sin, imperfect and sinful life was passed on to the offspring. The temporary periods of 'uncleanness' associated with childbirth, as well as other matters, such as menstruation and seminal emissions, called this hereditary sinfulness to mind. (Leviticus 15:16-24; Psalm 51:5; Romans 5: 12) The required purification regulations would help the Israelites to appreciate the need for a ransom sacrifice to cover man­ kind's sinfulness and restore human perfec­ tion. Thus the Law became their "tutor lead­ ing to Christ."—Galatians 3:24. 15:16-18—W hat is the "emission of se­ men" mentioned in these verses? This ap­ parently refers to a nocturnal emission as well as to marital sexual relations.

Lessons for Us: 11:45. Jehovah God is holy and demands that those who render him sacred ser­ vice be holy. They must pursue holiness and remain physically and spiritually clean. —2 Corinthians 7:1; 1 Peter 1:15,16. 12:8. Jehovah allowed the poor to offer birds instead of a more costly sheep as a sac­ rificial offering. He is considerate of the poor. HOLINESS MUST BE MAINTAINED (Leviticus 16:1-27:34) The most important sacrifices for sins were offered on the annual Day of Atone­ ment. A bull was offered for the priests and the tribe of Levi. A goat was sacrificed for Is­ rael's nonpriestly tribes. Another goat was sent away alive into the wilderness after the people's sins had been pronounced over it. The two goats were regarded as one sin offer­ ing. All of this pointed to the fact that Jesus Christ would be sacrificed and would also carry away sins. Regulations about the eating of meat and THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 2004 23

about other matters impress us with the need for holiness when we worship Jeho­ vah. Appropriately, the priests were to keep themselves holy. The three annual festivals were occasions for great rejoicing and the giving of thanks to the Creator. Jehovah also gave his people regulations involving the abuse of his holy name, the observance of Sabbaths and of the Jubilee, conduct toward the poor, and the treatment of slaves. The blessings that would result from obedience to God are contrasted with the maledictions that would be experienced for disobedience. There are also regulations about offerings in connection with vows and valuations, the firstborn of animals, and the giving of every tenth part as "something holy to Jehovah."

Scriptural Questions Answered: 16:29—In what way were the Israelites to 'afflict their souls'? This procedure, fol­ lowed on Atonement Day, revolved around seeking forgiveness for sins. Fasting at that time was evidently associated with the ac­ knowledgment of sinfulness. Most likely, then, 'afflicting the soul' referred to fasting. 19:27—What is meant by the command not to "cut [the] sidelocks short around" or "destroy the extremity" of the beard? This law was evidently given to prevent the Jews from trimming their beards or hair in a way that would imitate certain pagan practices. (Jeremiah 9:25, 26; 25:23; 49:32) However, God's command did not mean that the Jews could not trim their beards or facial hair at all.—2 Samuel 19:24. 25:35-37—Was it always wrong for the Israelites to charge interest? If the money was lent for business purposes, the lender could charge interest. However, the Law for­ bade the charging of interest on loans made to relieve poverty. Profiting from a destitute neighbor's economic reversals was wrong. —Exodus 22:25. 24

THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 2004

26:19—How can 'the heavens become like iron and the earth like copper'? Be­ cause of a lack of rain, the heavens over the land of Canaan would become in ap­ pearance like hard, nonporous iron. With­ out rain, the earth would have a coppercolored, metallic brightness. 26:26—W hat is meant by 'ten women baking bread in one oven'? Normally, each woman would need a separate oven for all the baking she had to do. But these words pointed to such scarcity of food that one oven would be sufficient to handle all the baking done by ten women. This was one of the foretold consequences of failing to maintain holiness.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 20:9. A hateful and vicious spirit was as bad as murder in Jehovah's sight. He there­ fore prescribed the same penalty for revil­ ing one's parents as for actually murdering them. Should this not prompt us to show love for fellow believers?—1 John 3:14,15. 22:32; 24:10-16, 23. Jehovah's name is not to be reproached. On the contrary, we must praise his name and pray for its sancti­ fication.—Psalm 7:17; Matthew 6:9. HOW LEVITICUS AFFECTS OUR WORSHIP Jehovah's Witnesses today are not living under the Law. (Galatians 3:23-25) Since what is said in Leviticus gives us insight into Jehovah's viewpoint on various matters, however, it can affect our worship. As you do the weekly Bible reading in preparation for the Theocratic Ministry School, no doubt you will be impressed with the fact that our God requires holiness of his servants. This Bible book can also move you to give the Most High your very best, always maintaining holiness to his praise.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Numbers

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OLLOWING their Exodus from Egypt, the Israelites were organized into a na­ tion. Shortly thereafter, they could have en­ tered the Promised Land, but they did not. Instead, they had to wander for some four decades in a "great and fear-inspiring wil­ derness." (Deuteronomy 8:15) Why? The historical narrative in the Bible book of Numbers tells us what happened. It should impress upon us the need to obey Jehovah God and respect his representatives. Written by Moses in the wilderness and on the Plains of Moab, the book of Numbers covers a period of 38 years and 9 months -fro m 1512 B.C.E. to 1473 B.C.E. (Numbers 1:1; Deuteronomy 1:3) Its name is derived from the two censuses of the Israelites, taken some 38 years apart. (Chapters 1-4, 26) The narrative is divided into three sections. The first part relates events that happened at Mount Sinai. The second covers what took place during Israel's wandering in the wilderness. And the final section considers events on the Plains of Moab. As you read this account, you may want to ask yourself: 'What do these incidents teach me? Are there principles in this book that can benefit me today?'

AT MOUNT SINAI (Numbers 1:1-10:10) The first of the two numberings takes place while the Israelites are still at the base of Mount Sinai. Males 20 years old and up­ ward, except the Levites, total 603,550. The census is evidently taken for military pur­ poses. The entire camp, including women, children, and the Levites, may amount to over three million people. 24

THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 1, 2004

Following the census, the Israelites receive instructions regarding the order of march, details concerning the duties of Levites and tabernacle service, commands on quaran­ tine, and laws relating to cases of jealousy and vows made by Nazirites. Chapter 7 con­ tains information about offerings made by tribal chieftains in connection with the in­ auguration of the altar, and chapter 9 dis­ cusses the Passover observance. The assem­ bly is also given instructions about setting up and breaking camp. S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

2:1, 2—What were "the signs" around which the three-tribe divisions were to en­ camp in the wilderness? The Bible does not give a description of what these signs were. However, they were not regarded as sacred symbols or given religious significance. The signs were used for a practical purpose—to help a person find his proper place in the camp. 5:27—What is meant by the 'falling away of the thigh' of a wife guilty of adultery? The term "thigh" is used here to denote the procreative organs. (Genesis 46:26) The 'fall­ ing away' of it suggests the degeneration of these organs, so that conception would be impossible.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 6:1-7. Nazirites were to abstain from the product of the vine and all intoxicating bev­ erages, requiring self-denial. They were to let their hair grow long—a sign of submission to Jehovah, just as women were to be in subjec­ tion to their husbands or fathers. The Naz­ irites were to remain clean by staying away

from any dead body, even that of a close rel­ ative. Full-time servants today show a spirit of self-sacrifice when it comes to self-denial and submission to Jehovah and his arrange­ ment. Some assignments may involve going to a distant land, which may even make it difficult or impossible to return home for the funeral of a close family member. 8:25,26. To fill the positions of the Levite service properly, and out of consideration for their age, older men were commanded to retire from compulsory service. However, they could volunteer to assist other Levites. While there is no retirement from being a Kingdom proclaimer today, the principle of this law teaches a valuable lesson. If because of advanced age a Christian cannot fulfill certain obligations, he may engage in a form of service that is within his power to per­ form.

FROM PLACE TO PLACE IN THE WILDERNESS (Numbers 10:11-21:35) When the cloud above the tabernacle eventually rises, the Israelites begin a march that will bring them to the desert plains of Moab 38 years and one or two months later. You may find it beneficial to follow their route on the map on page 9 of the brochure "Seethe lished by Jehovah's Witnesses. On the way to Kadesh, in the Wilder­ ness of Paran, there are at least three By means of a miraculous cloud over the tabernacle, Jehovah directed the setting up and breaking of the Israelite camp

cases of complaint. The first one is quelled when Jehovah sends a fire to consume some of the people. Then the Israelites cry out for meat, and Jehovah supplies quail. Miriam and Aaron's complaint against Moses results in Miriam being temporarily stricken with leprosy. While camping at Kadesh, Moses sends out 12 men to spy out the Promised Land. They return 40 days later. Believing the bad report of ten of the spies, the people want to stone Moses, Aaron, and the faithful spies Joshua and Caleb. Jehovah proposes to strike the people with pestilence, but Moses inter­ cedes, and God declares that they will be­ come wanderers in the wilderness for 40 years—until those numbered have died. Jehovah gives additional regulations. Korah and others rebel against Moses and Aar­ on, but the rebels are destroyed by fire or are swallowed up by the earth. The following day the entire assembly murmurs against Moses and Aaron. As a result, 14,700 die in a scourge from Jehovah. To make his selec­ tion of high priest known, God causes Aar­ on's rod to bud. Jehovah then gives further laws pertaining to Levite obliga­ tions and the cleansing of the people. The use of red-cow ashes prefigures the cleansing through Jesus' sacrifice, t Goo—Hebrews 9:13,14. Land," pub­ The sons of Israel return to Kadesh, where Miriam dies. The assembly again complains against Moses and Aaron. Their reason? Lack of water.

Jehovah deserves our obedience and expects us to respect his representatives

Because Moses and Aaron fail to sanctify Je­ hovah's name when miraculously providing water, they lose out on entering the Prom­ ised Land. Israel pulls away from Kadesh, and Aaron dies at Mount Hor. While going around Edom, the Israelites tire out and speak against God and Moses. Jehovah sends poisonous serpents to punish them. Moses once again intercedes, and God instructs him to make a copper serpent and set it upon a pole so that those bitten are cured by gazing at it. The serpent foreshadows the im­ palement of Jesus Christ for our eternal ben­ efit. (John 3:14, 15) Israel defeats Amorite Kings Sihon and Og and takes possession of their lands. S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

12:1—Why did Miriam and Aaron com­ plain against Moses? The real reason for their complaint was apparently Miriam's de­ sire for greater power. When Moses' wife, Zipporah, rejoined him in the wilderness, Miriam might have feared that she would no longer be viewed as leading lady in the camp.—Exodus 18:1-5. 12:9-11—Why was only Miriam stricken with leprosy? Very likely, she was the one who instigated the complaint and persuad­ ed Aaron to join her. Aaron displayed a right attitude by confessing his wrong. 26

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21:14, 15—What was the book mentioned here? The Scriptures re­ fer to various books that the Bible writers used as source material. (Josh­ ua 10:12, 13; 1 Kings 11:41; 14:19, 29) "The book of the Wars of Jehovah" was such a writing. It contained a historical account of the wars of Jehovah's people.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 11:27-29. Moses provides an excellent ex­ ample regarding how we should respond when others receive privileges in Jehovah's service. Rather than jealously seeking glory for himself, Moses was happy when Eldad and Medad began acting as prophets. 12:2, 9, 10; 16:1-3, 12-14, 31-35, 41, 4650. Jehovah expects his worshipers to show respect for God-given authority. 14:24. A key to resisting worldly pressures toward wrongdoing is to develop "a differ­ ent spirit," or mental attitude. It must be one that is not like that of the world. 15:37-41. The unique fringe of the Israel­ ites' dress was intended to remind them that they were a people set apart to worship God and to obey his commandments. Should we not also live by God's standards and stand out as different from the world? ON THE PLAINS OF MOAB (Numbers 22:1-36:13) As the sons of Israel encamp on the desert plains of Moab, the Moabites feel a sicken­ ing dread of them. Moab's King Balak,

therefore, hires Balaam to curse the Israel­ ites. But Jehovah forces Balaam to bless them. Moabite and Midianite women are then used to lure Israelite men into immo­ rality and idolatry. As a result, Jehovah destroys 24,000 wrongdoers. The scourge finally ends when Phinehas demonstrates that he tolerates no rivalry toward Jehovah. The second census reveals that none of the men counted in the first are still alive, except for Joshua and Caleb. Joshua is com­ missioned to be Moses' successor. The Isra­ elites receive procedures for various offer­ ings and instructions on the making of vows. The people of Israel also take ven­ geance upon the Midianites. Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh settle east of the Jordan River. Israel is given instructions on crossing the Jordan and taking posses­ sion of the land. Detailed boundaries of the land are defined. The inheritance is to be decided by lot. Levites are assigned 48 cities, and 6 of these are to serve as cities of refuge. S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

2 2 :2 0 -2 2 —W hy did Jehovah's anger blaze against Balaam? Jehovah had told the prophet Balaam that he should not curse the Israelites. (Numbers 22:12) How­ ever, the prophet went with Balak's men with the full intention of cursing Israel. Ba­ laam wanted to please the Moabite king and receive a reward from him. (2 Peter 2:15,16; Jude 11) Even when Balaam was forced to bless rather than curse Israel, he sought the king's favor by suggesting that Baalworshiping women be used to seduce Israel­ ite men. (Numbers 31:15,16) Thus, the rea­ son for God's anger against Balaam was the prophet's unscrupulous greed. 30:6-8—Can a Christian man set aside his wife's vows? With regard to vows, Jeho­ vah now deals with his worshipers individ­

ually. For example, dedication to Jehovah is a personal vow. (Galatians 6:5) A husband does not have the authority to set aside or cancel such a vow. A wife, though, should avoid making a vow that conflicts with God's Word or her duties toward her hus­ band.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 25:11. What an example of zeal for Jeho­ vah's worship Phinehas set for us! Should not the desire to keep the congregation clean move us to report any knowledge of gross immorality to Christian elders? 35:9-29. The fact that an unintentional manslayer had to leave his home and flee to a city of refuge for a period of time teaches us that life is sacred and that we must have respect for it. 35:33. The earth polluted by the spilled blood of the innocent can be atoned for only by the blood of those spilling it. How appropriate that Jehovah will destroy the wicked before the earth is transformed into a paradise!—Proverbs 2:21, 22; Daniel 2:44. God's Word Exerts Power We must show respect for Jehovah and for those appointed to positions of re­ sponsibility among his people. The book of Numbers makes this truth ever clearer. What an important lesson for maintaining peace and unity in the congregation today! The incidents related in Numbers show how easily those who neglect their spiritu­ ality can fall into wrongdoing, such as mur­ muring, immorality, and idolatry. Some of the examples and lessons from this Bible book can serve as a basis for local needs parts on the Service Meeting at congrega­ tions of Jehovah's Witnesses. Indeed, "the word of God is alive and exerts power" in our life.—Hebrews 4:12. THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 1, 2004 27

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Deuteronomy

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HE year is 1473 B.C.E. Forty years have passed since Jehovah delivered the sons of Israel from Egyptian bondage. Hav­ ing spent these years in the wilderness, the Israelites are still a nation without a land. At last, though, they stand at the threshold of the Promised Land. What awaits them as they take possession of it? What problems will they encounter, and how should they deal with them? Before Israel crosses the Jordan River into the land of Canaan, Moses prepares the con­ gregation for the great task ahead. How? By delivering a series of discourses that encour­ age and exhort, admonish and warn. He reminds the Israelites that Jehovah God deserves exclusive devotion and that they must not follow the ways of the surround­ ing nations. These speeches make up the main part of the Bible book of Deuterono­ my. And the counsel given in them is just what we need

today, for we too live in a world in which giving Jehovah our exclusive devotion is a challenge—Hebrews 4:12. Written by Moses except for the last chap­ ter, the book of Deuteronomy covers a peri­ od of a little over two months.* (Deuterono­ my 1:3; Joshua 4:19) Let us see how what is stated there can help us to love Jehovah God with all our heart and serve him faithfully.

'DO NOT FORGET WHAT YOUR EYES HAVE SEEN' (Deuteronomy 1:1-4:49) In the first discourse, Moses recounts some of the wilderness experiences—partic­ ularly those that will be helpful to the Israelites as they prepare to take * The last chapter, con tain ing the record of the death of M o ses, may have been added by Joshua or by H igh Priest Eleazar.

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Kadeshbarnea

S E

I R J JM

M oses' discourses m ake up the m ain p a rt o f D euteronom y

Based on maps copyrighted by Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. and Survey of Israel

possession of the Promised Land. The ac­ count of the appointment of judges must have reminded them that Jehovah organiz­ es his people in a way that ensures loving care. Moses also relates that the bad report of the ten spies led to the failure of the preceding generation to enter the land of promise. Think of the impact this warning example must have had on Moses' listeners as that land lay before their very eyes. Recalling the victories that Jehovah had given the sons of Israel before they crossed the Jordan must have infused them with courage as they stood ready to begin their conquest on the other side of the river. The land they were about to occupy was rife with idolatry. How fitting that Moses gives a stern warning against idol worship! S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

2:4-6, 9, 19, 24, 31-35; 3 :l-6 -W h y did the Israelites annihilate some of the peo­ ple who lived east of the Jordan but not others? Jehovah commanded Israel not to engage in strife with the sons of Esau. Why? Because they were the offspring of Jacob's brother. The Israelites were not to molest or war against the Moabites and the Ammon­ ites, for they were descendants of Abra­ ham's nephew Lot. However, the Amorite Kings Sihon and Og had no such claims to the land under their control. Hence, when Sihon refused to let the Israelites pass through and Og came to meet them in bat­ tle, Jehovah commanded the Israelites to demolish their cities, leaving no survivors. 4:15-20, 23, 24—Does the prohibition against making carved images mean that it is wrong to make representations of ob­ jects for artistic purposes? No. The pro­ hibition here was against making images for worship—against 'bowing down to idols and serving them.' The Scriptures do not forbid carving sculptures or making paint­

ings of objects for artistic purposes.—1 Kings 7:18,25.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 1:2, 19. The sons of Israel wandered through the wilderness for some 38 years, even though Kadesh-barnea was only "elev­ en days from Horeb [the mountainous re­ gion around Mount Sinai where the Ten Commandments were given] by the way of Mount Seir." What a price to pay for dis­ obeying Jehovah God!—Numbers 14:26-34. 1:16, 17. God's standards of judging are the same today. Those entrusted with the re­ sponsibility to serve on a judicial committee must not allow favoritism or fear of man to distort their judgment. 4:9. 'Not forgetting the things that their eyes had seen' was essential for Israel's suc­ cess. As the promised new world nears, it is vital that we too keep in front of us Jeho­ vah's wonderful deeds by being diligent stu­ dents of his Word. LOVE JEHOVAH, AND OBEY HIS COMMANDMENTS (Deuteronomy 5:1-26:19) In his second speech, Moses recounts the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai and re­ states the Ten Commandments. Seven na­ tions are specified for complete destruc­ tion. The sons of Israel are reminded of an important lesson they learned in the wil­ derness: "Not by bread alone does man live but by every expression of Jehovah's mouth does man live." In their new situa­ tion, they must "keep the whole command­ ment."—Deuteronomy 8:3; 11:8. As they settle in the land of promise, the Israelites will need laws not only regard­ ing worship but also respecting judgment, government, war, and everyday social and private life. Moses reviews these laws and THE WATCHTOWER • SEPTEMBER 15, 2004 25

I * '* '* * ,

emphasizes the need to Jove Jehovah and obey his commandments. S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

8:3, 4 —In what way did the Israelites' clothing not wear out and their feet not become swollen during the wilderness trek? This was a miraculous provision, as was the regular supply of manna. The Israel­ ites used the same garments and footwear they started out with, likely passing them on to others as children grew up and adults died. Since the two censuses taken at the be­ ginning and at the end of the wilderness trek revealed that the number of Israelites did not increase, the original supply of these items would have been sufficient.—Num­ bers 2:32; 26:51. 14:21—Why could the Israelites give to an alien resident or sell to a foreigner an unbled dead animal that they themselves would not eat? In the Bible, the term "alien resident” could refer to a non-Israelite who became a proselyte or to a settler who lived by basic laws of the land but who did not become a worshiper of Jehovah. A foreigner and an alien resident who did not become proselytes were not under the Law and could use unbled dead animals in various ways. The Israelites were permitted to give or sell such animals to them. The proselyte, on the other hand, was bound by the Law covenant. As indicated at Leviticus 17:10, such a person was forbidden to eat the blood of an animal. 24:6—Why was seizing "a hand mill or its upper grindstone as a pledge" likened to seizing "a soul"? A hand mill and its upper grindstone represented a person's "soul," or his means of life. Seizing either of these would deprive the entire family of its daily supply of bread. 26

THE WATCHTOWER • SEPTEMBER 15, 2004

W hat lesson is taught by Jehovah's provision o f m a n na ?

2 5 :9 —W h a t is significant about drawing the san­ dal off and spit­ ting in the face of a man who refused to perform brotherin-law marriage? Ac­ cording to "the custom of former times in Israel Seizing a h a n d concerning the right of m ill or its u pp er repurchase . . . , a man grindstone as a pledge was had to draw his sandal likened to seizing off and give it to his fel­ "a so u l" low." (Ruth 4:7) Drawing the sandal off a man who refused to perform brother-in-law marriage therefore confirmed that he had renounced his position and right to produce an heir for his deceased brother. This was disgraceful. (Deuteronomy 25:10) Spitting in his face was an act of humiliation.—Numbers 12:14.

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 6:6-9. Just as the Israelites were com­ manded with respect to the Law, we too must know God's commands by heart, keep them in front of us at all times, and incul­ cate them in our children. We must 'tie them as a sign upon our hand' in that our actions—represented by our hands—must show that we are obedient to Jehovah. And like 'a frontlet band between the eyes,' our obedience must be visible to all.

6:16. May we never put Jehovah to the test as the Israelites faithlessly did at Massah, where they murmured about the lack of water.—Exodus 17:1-7. 8:11-18. Materialism can make us forget Jehovah. 9 :4 -6 . We m ust guard against selfrighteousness. 13:6. We must not allow anyone to draw us away from the worship of Jehovah. 14:1. Self-mutilation shows disrespect for the human body, may be connected with false religion, and must be avoided. (1 Kings 18:25-28) Our hope in the resurrec­ tion makes such an extreme expression of mourning for the dead inappropriate. 20:5-7; 24:5. Consideration should be shown to those with special circumstances, even when the task at hand is important. 22:23-27. One of the most effective de­ fenses a woman has when she is threatened with rape is to scream.

"YOU MUST CHOOSE LIFE" (Deuteronomy 27:1-34:12) In his third speech, Moses states that after crossing the Jordan, the Israelites must write the Law on great stones and also pronounce cursings for disobedience and blessings for obedience. The fourth discourse opens with the renewal of the covenant between Jeho­ vah and Israel. Moses again warns against disobedience and exhorts the people to "choose life."—Deuteronomy 30:19. In addition to giving the four discourses, Moses discusses the change of leadership and teaches the Israelites a beautiful song that praises Jehovah and warns of the woes resulting from unfaithfulness. After bless­ ing the tribes, Moses dies at the age of 120 and is buried. The mourning period lasts 30 days, taking up nearly half of the time cov­ ered by Deuteronomy.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 32:13, 14—Since the Israelites were for­ bidden to eat any fat, what is meant by their eating "the fat of rams"? The expres­ sion is here used figuratively and denotes the best of the flock. Such poetic usage is in­ dicated by the fact that the same verse speaks of "the kidney fat of wheat" and "the blood of the grape." 33:1-29—Why was Simeon not specif­ ically mentioned in the blessing with which Moses blessed the sons of Israel? This was because Simeon as well as Levi had acted "harshly," and their anger was "cruel." (Genesis 34:13-31; 49:5-7) Their inheritance was not quite the same as that of the other tribes. Levi received 48 cities, and Simeon's portion was within Judah's territory. (Joshua 19:9; 21:41, 42) Hence, Moses did not spe­ cifically bless Simeon. However, Simeon's blessing was included in the general blessing to Israel. Lessons for Us:_________________________ 31:12. Young ones should sit with the grown-ups at congregation meetings and endeavor to listen and to learn. 32:4. All of Jehovah's activities are perfect in that he expresses his attributes of justice, wisdom, love, and power in perfect balance. Of Great Value to Us Deuteronomy presents Jehovah as "one Jehovah." (Deuteronomy 6:4) It is a book about a people in a unique relationship with God. The book of Deuteronomy also warns against idolatry and emphasizes the need to give the true God exclusive devo­ tion. Surely Deuteronomy is of great value to us! Though we are not under the Law, we can learn much from it that will help us to 'love Jehovah our God with all our heart, soul, and vital force.'—Deuteronomy 6:5. THE WATCHTOWER • SEPTEMBER 15, 2004

27

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Joshua NCAMPED on the Plains of Moab in 1473 B.C.E., the Israelites must be thrilled to hear these words: “Get provisions ready for yourselves, because three days from now you are crossing this Jordan to go in and take possession of the land that Jeho­ vah your God is giving you to take posses­ sion of it." (Joshua 1:11) Their 40-year wil­ derness sojourn is about to end. A little over two decades later, the leader Joshua stands in the heart of the land of Ca­ naan and declares to the older men of Israel: "See, I assigned to you by lot these na­ tions that remain as an inheritance for your tribes, and all the nations that I cut off, from the Jordan to the Great Sea at the setting of the sun. And Jehovah your God was the one who kept pushing them away from be­ fore you, and he dispossessed them on your account, and you took possession of their land, just as Jehovah your God had promised you.”—Joshua 23:4, 5. Written byjoshua in 1450 B.C.E., the book of Joshua is an exciting historical narrative of what took place during those 22 years. As we stand at the threshold of the promised new world, our position is comparable to that of the sons of Israel who were poised to take possession of the Promised Land. With keen interest, then, let us give attention to the book of Joshua.—Hebrews 4:12.

E

TO "THE DESERT PLAINS OF JERICHO" (Joshua 1:1-5:15) What an assignment Joshua receives when Jehovah tells him: "Moses my servant is dead; and now get up, cross this Jordan, 8

T H E W A T C H T O W E R • D E C E M B E R 1, 2004

you and all this people, into the land that I am giving to them, to the sons of Israel"! (Joshua 1:2) Joshua is to lead a nation of sev­ eral million people into the Promised Land. In preparation, he sends out two spies to Jer­ icho—the city that is to be conquered first. In that city lives Rahab the harlot, who has heard about the powerful works Jehovah has performed in behalf of his people. She pro­ tects and helps the spies and receives from them a promise of preservation. Upon the return of the spies, Joshua and the people are ready to make their move and cross the Jordan. Although at flood stage, the river proves to be no obstacle to them, for Je­ hovah causes the waters upstream to rise up like a dam and allows the waters down­ stream to empty into the Dead Sea. After crossing the Jordan, the Israelites camp at Gilgal, near Jericho. Four days later, on the evening of the 14th day of Abib, they ob­ serve the Passover on the desert plains of Jer­ icho. (Joshua 5:10) The next day, they begin to eat some of the yield of the land, and the provision of the manna ceases. During this time, Joshua circum­ cises all males born in the wilderness.

ScripturalQuestionsAnswered: 2:4, 5—Why does Rahab mislead

the king's men who are searching for the spies? Rahab protects the spies at the risk of her life because she has come to have faith in Jehovah. Therefore, she is under no obliga­ tion to divulge the spies' whereabouts to men who are seeking to harm God's people. (Matthew 7:6; 21:23-27; John 7:3-10) In fact, Rahab was "declared righteous by works," including the act of misdirecting the emis­ saries of the king.—James 2:24-26. 5:14,15—Who is "the prince of the army of Jehovah"? The prince who comes to strengthen Joshua as the conquest of the Promised Land begins is likely none other than "the Word"—Jesus Christ in his pre­ human existence. (John 1:1; Daniel 10:13) How strengthening it is to have the assur­ ance that the glorified Jesus Christ is with God's people today as they engage in spiritu­ al warfare!

Lessons for Us:_________________________ 1:7-9. Reading the Bible daily, regularly meditating on what it says, and putting into practice what we learn are essential for suc­ cess in spiritual endeavors. 1:11. Joshua asks the people to get provi­ sions ready and not idly wait for God to pro­ vide them. Jesus' admonition to stop being anxious about the necessities of life, along with his promise that "all these other things will be added to you," does not mean that we should take no measures to support our­ selves—Matthew 6:25, 33. 2:4-13. After hearing about Jehovah's great deeds and realizing that the time was critical, Rahab makes a decision to take the side of his worshipers. If you have been studying the Bible for some time and recog­ nize that we are living in "the last days," should you not make a decision to serve God?—2 Timothy 3:1.

Do you know why Rahab the harlot was declared righteous?

3:15. Since the report of the spies who were sent to Jericho is favorable, Joshua acts quickly, without wait­ ing for the waters of the Jordan to subside. When it comes to deeds involving true worship, we must act courageously rather than delay until the circumstances seem more suitable. 4:4-8,20-24. The 12 stones taken from the riverbed of the Jordan are to serve as a me­ morial to Israel. Jehovah's acts of delivering his modern-day people from his enemies also stand as a memorial that he is with them.

ON WITH THE CONQUEST (Joshua 6:1-12:24) The city of Jericho is "tightly shut up . . . , no one going out and no one entering." (Joshua 6:1) How would the city be taken? Jehovah gives Joshua the strategy. Soon the walls are down and the city is destroyed. Only Rahab and her household are saved. The next conquest is the royal city of Ai. The spies sent there report that the city has few inhabitants, so not many men are need­ ed to strike it down. However, about 3,000 soldiers sent to attack the city take to flight from the men of Ai. The reason? Jehovah is not with the Israelites. Achan of the tribe of Judah sinned while invading Jericho.

-f

m

After handling the matter, Joshua comes up against Ai. Having defeated the Israelites once, the king of Ai is eager to meet them in combat. But Joshua uses a strategy that plays on the overconfidence of the men of Ai, and Joshua takes the city. Gibeon is 'a great city—greater than Ai, and all its men are mighty ones.’ (Josh­ ua 10:2) Upon hearing of Israel's success

against Jericho and Ai, however, the men of Gibeon trick Joshua into making a covenant of peace with them. The surrounding na­ tions view this defection as a threat to them. Five of their kings form an alliance and at­ tack Gibeon. Israel rescues the Gibeonites and thoroughly defeats the attackers. Israel's other conquests under the leadership of Joshua include cities in the south and west, Joshua exhorted Israel to "fear Jehovah and serve him"

GILEAD The land conquered under the leadership of Joshua

as well as the defeat of the coalition of kings to the north. All the kings defeated on the west of the Jordan amount to 31. S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

10:13—How is such a phenomenon pos­ sible? "Is anything too extraordinary for Je­ hovah," the Creator of the heavens and the earth? (Genesis 18:14) If he chooses to, Jeho­ vah can manipulate the movement of the earth so that the sun and the moon would seem motionless to an earthly observer. Or he can let the movement of the earth and the moon remain undisturbed while refract­ ing the rays from the sun and the moon in such a way that the light from these two lu­ minaries continues to shine. Whatever the case, "no day has proved to be like that one" in human history.—Joshua 10:14. 10:13—What is the book of Jashar? The book is mentioned again at 2 Samuel 1:18 with reference to a poem called "The Bow" —a song of grief about King Saul of Israel and his son Jonathan. The book was probably a collection of songs and poems on epical or historical subjects and was likely well-known among the Hebrews. Lessons for Us:__________________________ 6:26; 9:22, 23. The curse that Joshua pro­ nounced at the time of Jericho's destruction is fulfilled some 500 years later. (1 Kings 16: 34) Noah's curse on his grandson Canaan comes true when the Gibeonites become la­ borers. (Genesis 9:25, 26) Jehovah's word al­ ways comes true. 7:20-25. Some may dismiss Achan's theft as a minor offense, perhaps reasoning that it brought no harm to others. They may view petty thefts and minor offenses against Bible law in a similar vein. We, though, should be like Joshua in our resoluteness to resist pres­ sures toward illegal or immoral acts. 9:15, 26, 27. We must take seriously the agreements we make and keep our word.

JOSHUA TAKES ON HIS LAST BIG TASK (Joshua 13:1-24:33) Now advanced in years—approaching 90—Joshua sets out to apportion the land. A huge task indeed! The tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh have al­ ready received their inheritance east of the Jordan. The remaining tribes are now given an inheritance on the west side by the draw­ ing of lots. The tabernacle is set up at Shiloh in the territory of Ephraim. Caleb receives the city of Hebron, and Joshua gets Timnath-serah. The Levites are given 48 cities, including the 6 cities of refuge. On their way back to their inheritance east of the Jordan, the warriors of Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manas­ seh set up an altar that is "great in conspicu­ ousness." (Joshua 22:10) The tribes on the west of the Jordan view this as an act of apos­ tasy, and intertribal warfare nearly breaks out, but bloodshed is averted by good com­ munication. After Joshua has lived for some time in Timnath-serah, he calls together the older men, the heads, the judges, and the officers of Israel and urges them to be courageous and remain faithful to Jehovah. Later, Josh­ ua assembles all the tribes of Israel at Shechem. There he reviews Jehovah's dealings from the time of Abraham on, and once again he exhorts them to "fear Jehovah and serve him in faultlessness and in truth." The people are moved to respond: "Jehovah our God we shall serve, and to his voice we shall listen!” (Joshua 24:14, 15, 24) After these things Joshua gradually dies at 110 years of age. S c r ip t u r a l Q u e s tio n s A n s w e re d :

13:1—Does this not contradict what is stated at Joshua 11:23? No, for the conquest of the Promised Land consisted of two as­ pects: the national warfare that defeated 31 THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER

1, 2 0 0 4

11

kings of the land of Canaan, which broke the power of the Canaanites, and the taking of full possession of the land by tribal and individual actions. (Joshua 17:14-18; 18:3) Though the sons of Israel failed to drive the Canaanites away from among them com­ pletely, the survivors were no real threat to Israel's security. (Joshua 16:10; 17:12) Joshua 21:44 states: "Jehovah gave them rest all around." 24:2—Was Abraham's father, Terah, a worshiper of idols? Initially, Terah was not a worshiper of Jehovah God. He likely wor­ shiped the moon-god named Sin—a popular Achan's theft wasnot a minor offense deity in Ur. According to Jewish tradition, Te­ —it led to serious consequences rah might even have been a maker of idols. However, when Abraham leaves Ur at God's command, Terah goes with him to Haran. ample encourages us not to shy away from —Genesis 11:31. difficult theocratic assignments. Lessons for Us:_________________________ 22:9-12, 21-33. We must be careful to avoid misjudging the motives of others. 14:10-13. Though 85 years of age, Caleb asks for the difficult assignment of clearing 'Not One Word Has Failed' out the region of Hebron. The area is occu­ At a ripe old age, Joshua tells the responsi­ pied by the Anakim—men of unusual size. ble men in Israel: "Not one word out of all With Jehovah's help, this seasoned warrior the good words that Jehovah your God has succeeds, and Hebron becomes a city of ref­ spoken to you has failed. They have all come uge. (Joshua 15:13-19; 21:11-13) Caleb's ex­ true for you." (Joshua 23:14) How vividly the historical account of Joshua illustrates this! "All the things that were written aforetime were written for our instruction,” wrote the apostle Paul, "that through our endurance and through the comfort from the Scrip­ tures we might have hope." (Romans 15:4) We can be sure that our hope in God's promises is not misplaced. Not a promise will fail; they will all come true. "By faith the walls of Jericho fell."—Hebrews 11:30

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Judges

H

OW does Jehovah respond when his own people turn their back on him and begin to worship false gods? What if they re­ peatedly fall away and call on him for help only when they are in distress? Does Jehovah provide a way of escape for them even then? The book of Judges answers these and other vital questions. Completed by the prophet Samuel about 1100 B.C.E., it covers events that span some 330 years—from the death of Joshua to the enthronement of Israel's first king. As a part of God's dynamic word, or mes­ sage, the book of Judges is of great value to us. (Hebrews 4:12) The exciting accounts re­ corded in it give us insight into God's person­ ality. The lessons that we learn from them strengthen our faith and help us to get a firm hold on "the real life," everlasting life in God's promised new world. (1 Timothy 6:12, 19; 2 Peter 3:13) The deeds of salvation that Jehovah performs in behalf of his people pro­ vide a foregleam of the greater deliverance by his Son, Jesus Christ, in the future.

WHY WERE JUDGES NEEDED? (Judges 1:1-3:6) After the kings of the land of Canaan are defeated under the leadership of Joshua, the individual tribes of Israel go to their inheri­ tance and take possession of the land. How­ ever, the Israelites fail to dispossess the in­ habitants of the land. This failure proves to be a real snare for Israel. The generation that comes after the days of Joshua 'does not know Jehovah or the work that he has done for Israel.' (Judges 2: 10) Moreover, the people proceed to form 24

THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2005

marriage alliances with the Canaanites and to serve their gods. So Jehovah gives the Isra­ elites into the hands of their enemies. When oppression becomes severe, though, the sons of Israel call upon the true God for help. In this religious, social, and political climate unfolds the account of a line of judges whom Jehovah raises up to save his people from their enemies.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:2 ,4—Why is Judah designated to be the first tribe to take possession of the land al­ lotted to it? Normally, this privilege would go to the tribe of Reuben, Jacob's firstborn. But in his deathbed prophecy, Jacob foretold that Reuben was not to excel, having forfeit­ ed his right as the firstborn. Simeon and Levi, who had acted with cruelty, were to be scattered in Israel. (Genesis 49:3-5, 7) Hence, the next in line was Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. Simeon, who went up with Judah, re­ ceived small areas of land scattered through­ out the large territory of Judah.*—Joshua 19:9. 1 :6 ,7 —Why were the thumbs and the big toes of defeated kings cut off? A person who lost his thumbs and big toes apparently was incapacitated for military action. Without the thumbs, how could a soldier handle a sword or a spear? And the loss of the big toes would result in inability to maintain one's balance properly.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 2:10-12. We must have a regular program * The Levites were not given an inheritance in the Promised Land except for 48 cities scattered throughout Israel.

of Bible study so as 'not to forget Jehovah's doings.' (Psalm 103:2) Parents need to sound down the truth of God's Word into the hearts of their children.—Deuteronomy 6:6-9. 2:14, 21, 22. Jehovah allows bad things to happen to his disobedient people for a pur­ pose—to chastise them, to refine them, and to move them to return to him.

JEHOVAH RAISES UP JUDGES (Judges 3:7-16:31)

rak's insistence that Deborah accompany him, then, was not a sign of weakness but of strong faith. 5:20—How did the stars fight from the heavens in behalf of Barak? The Bible does not say whether this involved angelic assis­ tance, meteorite showers that were interpret­ ed ominously by Sisera's wise men, or per­ haps astrological predictions for Sisera that proved false. Undoubtedly, however, there was some type of divine intervention. 7:1-3; 8:10—Why did Jehovah say that Gideon's 3 2 ,0 0 0 men were too many against the enemy force of 135,000? This was because Jehovah was giving Gideon and his men the victory. God did not want them

The exciting account of the exploits of the judges begins with Othniel's bringing an end to Israel's eight-year subjugation to a Meso­ potamian king. Using a courageous strategy, Judge Ehud kills Eglon, the fat Moabite king. Valiant Shamgar single-handedly strikes down 600 Philistines us­ "Jehovah would raise up judges, ing a cattle goad. With encourage­ and they would save them out of ment from Deborah, who serves the hand of their pillagers as a prophetess, and with Jeho­ —Judges 2:16 NAPHTALI vah's backing, Barak and his light­ ly equipped army of ten thousand ASHER JUDGES men rout the powerful army of Sis1. Othniel era. Jehovah raises up Gideon and 2. Ehud gives him and his 300 men victory ZEBULUN over the Midianites. 3. Shamgar ISSACHAR 4. Barak Through Jephthah, Jehovah de­ livers Israel from the Ammonites. 5. Gideon MANASSEH Tola, Jair, Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon 6. Tola are also among the 12 men who 7. Jair judge Israel. The period of the 8. Jephthah Judges ends with Samson, who 9. Ibzan EPHRAIM fights against the Philistines.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 4:8—Why did Barak insist that the prophetess Deborah go with him to the battlefield? Evidently, Barak felt inadequate to go up against Sisera's army by himself. Having the prophetess with him would reassure him and his men that they had God's guidance and would give them confidence. Ba­

10. Elon 11. Abdon 12. Samson

BENJAMIN

JUDAH

DAN

MANASSEH

REUBEN

fering of an animal would be nothing out­ standing. Jephthah was aware that the one coming out of his house to meet him might well be his daughter. This one was to be of­ fered up "as a burnt offering" in that the per­ son would be devoted to Jehovah's exclusive service in connection with the sanctuary.

Lessons for Us:________________________

What lesson did you learn from Barak's insistence that Deborah go to the battlefield? to think that they defeated the Midianites in their own strength. 11:30, 31—When making his vow, did Jephthah have a human sacrifice in mind? Such a thought would be far from Jephthah's mind, for the Law stipulated: "There should not be found in you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire." (Deuteronomy 18:10) However, Jeph­ thah did have in mind a person and not an animal. Animals suitable for sacrifice were not likely kept in Israelite homes. And the of­ 26

THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2005

3:10. Success in spiritual pursuits depends, not on human wisdom, but on Jehovah's spirit.—Psalm 127:1. 3:21. Ehud wielded his sword proficiently and with courage. We must acquire skill in using "the sword of the spirit, that is, God's word." This means that we must use the Scriptures courageously in our ministry. —Ephesians 6:17; 2 Timothy 2:15. 6:11-15; 8:1-3, 22, 23. Gideon's modesty teaches us three important lessons: (1) When a privilege of service is extended to us, we should reflect on the responsibility it entails rather than dwell on the prominence or pres­ tige that may be associated with it. (2) When dealing with those inclined to quarrel, dis­ playing modesty is the course of wisdom. (3) Modesty protects us from being position oriented. 6:17-22, 36-40. We too must be cautious and "not believe every inspired expression." Instead, we need to "test the inspired expres­ sions to see whether they originate with God." (1 John 4:1) To make sure that counsel he plans to give is solidly based on God's Word, a new Christian elder is wise to con­ sult a more experienced elder. 6:25-27. Gideon used discretion so as not to anger his opposers needlessly. When preaching the good news, we must be careful not to offend others unduly by the way we speak. 7:6. When it comes to serving Jehovah, we should be like Gideon's 300 men—alert and vigilant.

9:8-15. How foolish to act proudly and har­ bor ambition for position or power! 11:35-37. The good example of Jephthah was undoubtedly instrumental in helping his daughter develop strong faith and a selfsacrificing spirit. Parents today can set such an example for their children. 11:40. Offering commendation to some­ one who displays a willing spirit in Jehovah's service encourages that one. 13:8. In teaching their children, parents should pray to Jehovah for guidance and fol­ low his direction.—2 Timothy 3:16. 14:16, 17; 16:16. Applying pressure by weeping and nagging can damage a relation­ ship.—Proverbs 19:13; 21:19.

OTHER OFFENSES IN ISRAEL (Judges 17:1-21:25) The last part of the book of Judges contains two outstanding accounts. The first concerns a man named Micah, who sets up an idol in his house and employs a Levite to act as a priest for him. After destroying the city of Laish, or Leshem, the Danites build their own city and name it Dan. Using Micah's idol and his priest, they set up another form of wor­ ship in Dan. Evidently, Laish is captured be­ fore Joshua's death.—Joshua 19:47. The second event takes place not long after the death of Joshua. A mass sex crime com­ mitted by some men of the Benjamite city of Gibeah leads to the near annihilation of the entire tribe of Benjamin—only 600 men sur­ vive. However, an expedient arrangement al­ lows them to get wives, and their number in­ creases to nearly 60,000 warriors by the time of David's rulership.—1 Chronicles 7:6-11.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 17:6; 21:25—If 'each one was accustomed to do what was right in his own eyes/ did this foster anarchy? Not necessarily, for Je­ hovah made ample provisions to guide his people. He gave them the Law and the priest­

hood to educate them in his way. By means of the Urim and the Thummim, the high priest could consult God on important mat­ ters. (Exodus 28:30) Every city also had older men capable of providing sound counsel. When an Israelite availed himself of these provisions, he had a sound guide for his con­ science. His doing "what was right in his own eyes" in this way resulted in good. On the other hand, if a person ignored the Law and made his own decisions about conduct and worship, the result was bad. 20:17-48—Why did Jehovah let the Benjamites defeat the other tribes twice, even though the former needed to be punished? By allowing the faithful tribes to suffer great losses at first, Jehovah tested their determina­ tion to root out evil from Israel.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 19:14,15. The unwillingness on the part of the people of Gibeah to extend hospitality was an indication of a moral shortcoming. Christians are admonished to "follow the course of hospitality."—Romans 12:13.

The Deliverance Ahead Very soon now, God's Kingdom in the hands of Christ Jesus will destroy the wicked world and provide a great deliverance for the upright and the blameless. (Proverbs 2:21, 22; Daniel 2:44) 'All of Jehovah's enemies will then perish, and his lovers will be as when the sun goes forth in its mightiness.' (Judges 5:31) Let us prove to be among the lovers of Jehovah by applying what we have learned from the book of Judges. The fundamental truth demonstrated over and over in the accounts of the Judges is this: Obedience to Jehovah leads to rich blessings, disobedience to dire consequences. (Deu­ teronomy 11:26-28) How vital that we be­ come "obedient from the heart" to the re­ vealed will of God!—Romans 6:17; 1 John 2:17. THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2 0 0 5

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Ruth

When a famine in Israel caus­ T IS a heartwarming drama of loy­ es her family to move from alty between two women. It is an account of appreciation for Je­ Bethlehem to the land of hovah God and trust in his ar­ Moab, Naomi is "full" in that rangement. It is a story that she has a husband and two underscores Jehovah's keen in­ sons. Some time after they terest in the Messianic line of settle in Moab, though, her descent. It is a touching nar­ husband, Elimelech, dies. rative of the joys and sorrows Later, the two sons mar­ of a family. The Bible book of ry the Moabite women OrRuth is all that and more. pah and Ruth. About ten Do you know why Ruth The book of Ruth covers a years pass, and the two sons did not abandon Naomi? period of about 11 years "in the die childless, leaving the three days when the judges adminis­ women on their own. When the tered justice" in Israel. (Ruth 1:1) The events mother-in-law, Naomi, decides to return to recorded must have occurred early in the pe­ Judah, the widows of her sons go with her. riod of the Judges, since the landowner Along the way, Naomi urges her daughtersBoaz, one of the characters in this real-life in-law to go back to Moab and find husbands drama, was the son of Rahab of Joshua's day. from among their own people. Orpah acqui­ (Joshua 2:1, 2; Ruth 2:1; Matthew 1:5) The esces. However, Ruth sticks with Naomi, say­ narrative was likely written by the prophet ing: "Where you go I shall go, and where you Samuel in 1090 B.C.E. This is the only book spend the night I shall spend the night. Your in the Bible that bears the name of a nonpeople will be my people, and your God my Israelite woman. The message contained God."—Ruth 1:16. in it "is alive and exerts power."—Hebrews The two widows, Naomi and Ruth, reach 4:12. Bethlehem at the start of the barley harvest. Taking advantage of a provision made in "WHERE YOU GO I SHALL GO" God's Law, Ruth begins gleaning in a field (Ruth 1:1-2:23) that happens to belong to a kinsman of When Naomi and Ruth arrive in Bethle­ Elimelech—an elderly Jew named Boaz. Ruth hem, they become the center of attention. gains Boaz' favor and continues gleaning in Pointing to the older of the two, the women his field "until the harvest of the barley and of the town keep asking: "Is this Naomi?" To the harvest of the wheat" come to an end. this, Naomi says: "Do not call me Naomi. -R u th 2:23. Call me Mara, for the Almighty has made it Scriptural Questions Answered: very bitter for me. I was full when I went, and it is empty-handed that Jehovah has 1:8—Why did Naomi tell her daughtersmade me return."—Ruth 1:19-21. in-law to return "each one to the house of

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THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1 ,2 0 0 5

her mother" instead of to the house of her father? Whether Orpah's father was alive at the time is not stated. However, Ruth's fa­ ther was. (Ruth 2:11) Still, Naomi spoke of the mother's house, perhaps thinking that the reference to their mothers would bring to their mind the comfort of motherly affection. This would be particularly sooth­ ing to daughters overwhelmed by the sor­ row of parting from their beloved motherin-law. The comment may also reflect the thought that unlike Naomi, the mothers of Ruth and Orpah had well-established homes. 1:13, 21—Did Jehovah make life bitter for Naomi and cause her calamity? No, and Naomi did not charge God with any wrong­ doing. In view of all that had happened to her, however, she thought that Jehovah was against her. She felt bitter and disillusioned. Moreover, in those days the fruitage of the belly was considered a divine blessing and barrenness, a curse. Lacking grandchildren and with two sons dead, Naomi might have felt justified in thinking that Jehovah had humiliated her. 2:12—What "perfect wage" did Ruth re­ ceive from Jehovah? Ruth had a son and re­ ceived the privilege of becoming a link in history's most important lineage—that of Je­ sus Christ.—Ruth 4:13-17; Matthew 1:5,16.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:8; 2:20. Despite the tragedies she experi­ enced, Naomi maintained her confidence in Jehovah's loving-kindness. We should do the same, particularly when undergoing se­ vere trials. 1:9. A home should be more than just a place where family members eat and sleep. It should be a peaceful place of rest and com­ fort. 1:14-16. Orpah "returned to her people and her gods." Ruth did not. She left the

comfort and security of her native land and remained loyal to Jehovah. Cultivat­ ing loyal love for God and manifesting a

What gave Ruth the reputation of being "an excellent woman"?

self-sacrificing spirit will help protect us from succumbing to selfish desires and 'shrinking back to destruction.'—Hebrews 10:39. 2:2. Ruth wanted to take advantage of the provision of gleaning made for the benefit of the foreigners and the afflicted. She was humble at heart. A needy Christian should not be too proud to accept the loving assis­ tance of fellow believers or any governmen­ tal aid he or she may qualify for. 2:7. Despite having the right to glean, Ruth asked for permission before doing so. (Leviticus 19:9,10) This was a sign of meek­ ness on her part. We are wise to "seek meek­ ness," for "the meek ones themselves will possess the earth, and they will indeed find their exquisite delight in the abundance of peace."—Zephaniah 2:3; Psalm 37:11. 2:11. Ruth proved to be more than a rela­ tive to Naomi. She was a true friend. (Prov­ erbs 17:17) Their friendship was solid be­ cause it was based on such qualities as THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1, 200 5

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love, loyalty, empathy, kindness, and a selfsacrificing spirit. More important, it was based on their spirituality—their desire to serve Jehovah and to be among his worship­ ers. We too have fine opportunities to culti­ vate genuine friendships with true worship­ ers. 2:15-17. Even when Boaz made it possible for Ruth to ease her work load, "she contin­ ued to glean in the field until the evening." Ruth was a hard worker. A Christian should have a reputation for being a diligent worker. 2:19-22. Naomi and Ruth enjoyed pleas­ ant conversation during the evening hours, the older one taking an interest in the activi­ ties of the younger, both freely expressing their thoughts and feelings. Should it be any different in a Christian family? 2:22, 23. Unlike Jacob's daughter Dinah, Ruth sought association with worshipers of Jehovah. What a fine example for us!—Gen­ esis 34:1, 2; 1 Corinthians 15:33.

NAOMI BECOMES "FULL" (Ruth 3:1-4:22) Naomi is too old to bring forth children. So she instructs Ruth to substitute for her in a marriage by repurchase, or brother-inlaw marriage. Following Naomi's direction, Ruth asks Boaz to act as a repurchaser. Boaz is ready to comply. However, there is a closer relative who should be given the first oppor­ tunity. Boaz loses no time in settling the matter. The very next morning, he gathers ten older men of Bethlehem before the relative and asks him if he is willing to do the repurchas­ ing. The man refuses to do so. Hence, Boaz acts as a repurchaser and marries Ruth. Their marriage produces a son, Obed, the grand­ father of King David. The women of Bethle­ hem now say to Naomi: "Blessed be Jehovah ... He has become a restorer of your soul and 28

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1 ,2 0 0 5

one to nourish your old age, because your daughter-in-law who does love you, who is better to you than seven sons, has given birth to him." (Ruth 4:14, 15) The woman who had returned "empty-handed" to Beth­ lehem has again become "full"!—Ruth 1:21.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 3:11—What gave Ruth the reputation of being "an excellent woman"? It was not "the external braiding of the hair” or "the putting on of gold ornaments or the wear­ ing of outer garments" that caused others to admire Ruth. Rather, it was "the secret per­ son of the heart"—her loyalty and love, her humility and meekness, her diligence and self-sacrificing spirit. Any God-fearing wom­ an desiring a reputation like that of Ruth must strive to cultivate these qualities.—1 Pe­ ter 3:3,4; Proverbs 31:28-31. 3:14—Why did Ruth and Boaz wake up before daybreak? This was not because something immoral had transpired during the night and they wanted to be secreWhat was the "perfect wage" for Ruth from Jehovah?

tive. Ruth's actions that night were appar­ ently in line with what was customarily done by a woman seeking the right of brother-in-law marriage. She acted in har­ mony with Naomi's instruction. Moreover, Boaz' response clearly indicates that he did not see anything wrong in what Ruth did. (Ruth 3:2-13) Evidently, Ruth and Boaz got up early so that no one would have a reason for starting groundless rumors. 3:15—What was significant about Boaz' giving Ruth six measures of barley? This act perhaps signified that just as a day of rest fol­ lowed six days of work, Ruth's day of rest was near. Boaz would see to it that she would have "a resting-place" in the house of her husband. (Ruth 1:9; 3:1) It may also be that six measures of barley is all that Ruth could carry on her head. 3:16—Why did Naomi ask Ruth: "Who are you, my daughter?" Did she not recog­ nize her daughter-in-law? This could very well be, for when Ruth returned to Naomi, it may still have been dark. The question, though, may also mean that Naomi was in­ quiring about Ruth's possible new identity in connection with her being repurchased. 4:6—In what way could a repurchaser "ruin" his inheritance by doing the repur­ chasing? First of all, if the one falling into poverty had sold his land inheritance, a re­ purchaser would have to put out money to buy the land at a price determined by the number of years remaining till the next Ju­ bilee. (Leviticus 25:25-27) Doing so would reduce the value of his own estate. More­ over, should a son be born to Ruth, that son, rather than any of the repurchaser's current near relatives, would inherit the purchased field.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 3:12; 4:1-6. Boaz scrupulously followed Je­ hovah's arrangement. Are we conscientious

in following theocratic procedures?—1 Co­ rinthians 14:40. 3:18. Naomi had confidence in Boaz. Should we not have similar confidence in faithful fellow believers? Ruth was willing to perform brother-in-law marriage with a man she hardly knew, a man unnamed in the Bi­ ble. (Ruth 4:1) Why? Because she had confi­ dence in God's arrangement. Do we have similar confidence? When it comes to seek­ ing a marriage mate, for example, do we heed the counsel to marry "only in the Lord"? —1 Corinthians 7:39. 4:13-16. Although she was a Moabitess and a former worshiper of the god Chemosh, what a privilege Ruth received! This illustrates the principle that "it depends, not upon the one wishing nor upon the one running, but upon God, who has mercy." —Romans 9:16.

God "May Exalt You in Due Time" The book of Ruth portrays Jehovah as a God of loving-kindness, who acts in behalf of his loyal servants. (2 Chronicles 16:9) When we reflect on how Ruth was blessed, we see the value of putting our confidence in God with unquestioning faith, fully be­ lieving "that he is and that he becomes the rewarder of those earnestly seeking him." —Hebrews 11:6. Ruth, Naomi, and Boaz placed their com­ plete trust in Jehovah's arrangement, and things worked out well for them. Similarly, "God makes all his works cooperate togeth­ er for the good of those who love God, those who are the ones called according to his purpose.” (Romans 8:28) Let us then take to heart the apostle Peter's counsel: "Humble yourselves, therefore, under the mighty hand of God, that he may exalt you in due time; while you throw all your anxi­ ety upon him, because he cares for you." —1 Peter 5:6, 7. THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1, 200 5

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of First Samuel

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HE year is 1117 B.C.E. Some three hun­ dred years have elapsed since Joshua completed the conquest of the Promised Land. The older men of Israel come to Jeho­ vah's prophet with a remarkable request. The prophet takes the matter up in prayer, and Je­ hovah allows them to have their way. This marks the end of the period of the Judges and the beginning of the era of human kings. The Bible book of First Samuel narrates exciting events surrounding that turning point in the history of the nation of Israel. Written by Samuel, Nathan, and Gad, First Samuel covers a period of 102 years —from 1180 to 1078 B.C.E. (1 Chronicles 29: 29) It is an account of four leaders of Israel. Two serve as judges, two as kings; two are obe­ dient to Jehovah, two are not. We also meet two exemplary women and a valiant but gen­ tle warrior. Such examples provide valuable lessons about attitudes and actions to imitate and to avoid. The contents of First Samuel can thus exert power on our thoughts and deeds.—Hebrews 4:12.

ELI'S JUDGESHIP GIVES WAY TO SAMUEL'S (1 Samuel 1:1-7:17) It is time for the Festival of Ingathering, and Hannah, who lives in Ramah, is beside herself with joy.* Jehovah has answered her prayers, and she has given birth to a son. To fulfill her vow, Hannah presents her son Samuel for service at "the house of Jehovah." There the boy becomes "a minister of Jeho­ * F o r lo c a tio n s o f v a r io u s p la ce s m e n ­ tio n e d in th e b o o k o f First Sam uel, see pag­ es 1 8 -1 9 o f th e b ro ch u re "See the Good L a n d /' pu blished by Je h o v a h 's W itnesses.

vah before Eli the priest." (1 Samuel 1:24; 2:11) When Samuel is still of ten­ der age, Jehovah speaks to him, pro­ nouncing judgment against the house of Eli. As Samuel grows older, all the people of Israel come to recognize him as a prophet of Jehovah. In time, the Philistines come up against Is­ rael. They capture the Ark and slay Eli's two sons. Upon hearing the news, aged Eli dies, having "judged Israel forty years." (1 Samuel 4:18) Possession of the Ark proves to be disas­ trous for the Philistines, so they return it to the Israelites. Samuel now judges Israel, and there is peace in the land.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:10—Why did Hannah pray that Jeho­ vah "give strength to his king" when there was no human king over Israel? That the Is­ raelites would have a human king was fore­ told in the Mosaic Law. (Deuteronomy 17:1418) In his deathbed prophecy, Jacob said: "The scepter [a symbol of royal authority] will not turn aside from Judah." (Genesis 49: 10) Moreover, concerning Sarah—the ances­ tress of the Israelites—Jehovah said: "Kings of peoples will come from her." (Genesis 17:16) Hannah, then, was praying about a future king. 3:3—Did Samuel actually sleep in the Most Holy? No, he did not. Samuel was a Levite of the nonpriestly family of the Kohathites. (1 Chronicles 6:33-38) As such, he was not permitted to "come in to see the holy things." (Numbers 4:17-20) The only part of the sanctuary that Samuel had access to was the tabernacle courtyard. That is where he must have slept. Apparently, Eli also slept THE W ATCHTOW ER • M ARCH 1 5 , 2 0 0 5

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somewhere in the courtyard. The expression "where the ark of God was" evidently refers to the tabernacle area. 7:7-9, 17—Why did Samuel offer up a burnt offering at Mizpah and set up an altar in Ramah, since sacrifices were to be offered on a regular basis only at the place of Jeho­ vah's choosing? (Deuteronomy 12:4-7, 13, 14; Joshua 22:19) After the removal of the sa­ cred Ark from the tabernacle at Shiloh, Jeho­ vah's presence was no longer evident there. So as God's representative, Samuel offered a burnt offering at Mizpah and also set up an altar in Ramah. These actions were apparent­ ly approved by Jehovah.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:11, 12, 21-23; 2:19. Hannah's prayerful attitude, her humility, her appreciation for Jehovah's kindness, and her lasting motherly affection are exemplary for all God-fearing women. 1:8. What an example Elkanah set in strengthening others with words! (Job 16:5) He first asked depressed Hannah the un­ accusing question: "Why does your heart feel bad?" This encouraged her to talk about her feelings. Then Elkanah reassured her of his affection, saying: "Am I not better to you than ten sons?" 2:26; 3:5-8,15,19. By sticking to our Godassigned work, by taking advantage of spiri­ tual training, and by being polite and respect­ ful, we become "more likable" both to God and to men. 4:3, 4, 10. Even an object as holy as the ark of the covenant did not prove to be a charm for protection. We must 'guard our­ selves from idols.'—1 John 5:21.

ISRAEL'S FIRST KING - A SUCCESS OR A FAILURE? (1 Samuel 8:1-15:35) Samuel is faithful to Jehovah all his life, but his sons do not walk in godly ways. When 22

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the older men of Israel request a human king, Jehovah permits them to have one. Samu­ el follows Jehovah's direction and anoints Saul, a handsome Benjamite, as king. Saul strengthens his position as king by defeating the Ammonites. Saul's valiant son Jonathan strikes down a Philistine garrison. The Philistines come up against Israel with a huge army. Saul panics and disobediently offers a burnt sacrifice himself. Taking along only his armor-bearer, courageous Jonathan attacks another Philis­ tine outpost. Saul's rash oath, however, weak­ ens the force of the victory. Saul goes "war­ ring round about" against all his enemies. (1 Samuel 14:47) Upon defeating the Amalekites, though, he disobeys Jehovah by sparing what had been "devoted to destruction." (Le­ viticus 27:28, 29) Consequently, Jehovah re­ jects Saul as king.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 9:9—What is significant about the ex­ pression "the prophet of today used to be called a seer in former times"? These words may indicate that as the prophets became more prominent in the days of Samuel and during the era of the kings in Israel, the word "seer" came to be replaced by the term "prophet." Samuel is considered the first of the line of the prophets.—Acts 3:24. 14:24-32, 44, 45—Did Jonathan lose God's favor for eating honey in violation of Saul's oath? This act does not seem to have placed Jonathan in God's disfavor. First of all, Jonathan did not know about his father's oath. Moreover, the oath, prompted either by false zeal or by a wrong view of kingly power, caused problems for the people. How could such an oath have God's approval? Although Jonathan was willing to accept the conse­ quences of breaking the oath, his life was spared. 15:6—Why did the Kenites receive special consideration from Saul? The Kenites were

done" for his people in ancient as well as modern times. 13:10-14; 15:22-25, 30. Be on guard against presumptuousness—whether ex­ pressed through disobedient acts or a proud attitude.—Proverbs 11:2.

A SHEPHERD BOY IS CHOSEN FOR THE KINGSHIP (1 Samuel 16:1-31:13)

Israel's first king changed from a humble and modest ruler to a proud and presumptuous monarch the sons of Moses' father-in-law. They assist­ ed the Israelites after these pulled away from Mount Sinai. (Numbers 10:29-32) In the land of Canaan, the Kenites also took up dwelling with the sons of Judah for a time. (Judges 1: 16) Even though they later resided among the Amalekites and various other peoples, the Kenites remained on friendly terms with Israel. For good reason, then, Saul spared the Kenites.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 9:21; 10:22, 27. The modesty and humili­ ty that Saul had when he first became king safeguarded him from acting rashly when some "good-for-nothing men" did not accept his kingship. What a protection such a mind­ set is against irrational actions! 12:20, 21. Never allow "the unrealities," such as trust in men, confidence in the mili­ tary might of nations, or idolatry, to turn you aside from serving Jehovah. 12:24. A key to maintaining reverential fear of Jehovah and serving him with all our heart is to "see what great things he has

Samuel anoints David of the tribe of Judah to be the future king. Shortly thereafter, Da­ vid slays the Philistine giant Goliath with a single slingstone. A bond of friendship devel­ ops between David and Jonathan. Saul places David over his warriors. In response to Da­ vid's many victories, the women of Israel sing: "Saul has struck down his thousands, and David his tens of thousands." (1 Samuel 18:7) Consumed with envy, Saul seeks to kill David. After three attacks by Saul, David flees and becomes a fugitive. During his years as a runaway, David spares Saul's life twice. He also meets and eventually marries beautiful Abigail. As the Philistines come up against Israel, Saul inquires of Jeho­ vah. But Jehovah has left him. Samuel has died. Desperate, Saul consults a spirit medi­ um, only to hear that he will be killed in the battle against the Philistines. During that bat­ tle, Saul is severely wounded, and his sons are killed. The account closes with Saul dying as a failure. David is still in hiding.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 16:14—What bad spirit terrorized Saul? The bad spirit that deprived Saul of his peace of mind was the bad inclination of his mind and heart—his inward urge to do wrong. When Jehovah withdrew his holy spirit, Saul lost its protection and came to be dominated by his own bad spirit. Since God permitted that spirit to replace His holy spirit, this bad spirit is termed "a bad spirit from Jehovah." 17:55-58—In view of 1 Samuel 16:17-23, why did Saul ask whose son David was? THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2005

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Saul's inquiry was not just about the name of David's father. Very likely, he wanted to know what kind of man fathered a boy who had just accomplished the amazing feat of slaying a giant.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 16:6, 7. Rather than being impressed by the outward appearance of others or judging them hastily, we must try to see them as Jeho­ vah sees them. 17:47-50. We can courageously face oppo­ sition or persecution from Goliathlike ene­ mies because "to Jehovah belongs the bat­ tle." 18:1, 3; 20:41, 42. True friends can be found among those who love Jehovah. 21:12, 13. Jehovah expects us to use our mental faculties and abilities to deal with difficult situations in life. He has given us his inspired Word, which imparts prudence, knowledge, and thinking ability. (Proverbs 1:4) We also have the help of appointed Christian elders. 24:6; 26:11. What a fine example David provides of genuine respect for the anointed of Jehovah! 25:23-33. Abigail's sensibleness is exem­ plary.

Of what can we be confident when we face opposition from GoliathIike enemies?

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28:8-19. In their efforts to misguide or harm people, wicked spirits can pretend to be certain dead individuals. We must keep free from all forms of spiritism.—Deuteronomy 18:10-12. 30:23, 24. This decision, based on Num­ bers 31:27, shows that Jehovah values those who serve in supportive roles in the congre­ gation. Whatever we are doing, then, let us "work at it whole-souled as to Jehovah, and not to men."—Colossians 3:23.

What Is "Better Than a Sacrifice"? What fundamental truth is emphasized by the experiences of Eli, Samuel, Saul, and Da­ vid? It is this: "To obey is better than a sacri­ fice, to pay attention than the fat of rams; for rebelliousness is the same as the sin of divi­ nation, and pushing ahead presumptuously the same as using uncanny power and teraphim."—1 Samuel 15:22, 23. What a privilege we have to share in the worldwide Kingdom-preaching and disciple­ making work! As we offer to Jehovah "the young bulls of our lips," we must do our best to obey the direction he gives through his written Word and the earthly part of his organization. —Hosea 14:2; Hebrews 13:15.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive

Highlights From the Book of Second Samuel

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OES recognizing Jehovah's sovereignty require our perfect obedience? Does a man of integrity always do what is right in God's eyes? What kind of individual does the true God find "agreeable to his heart"? (1 Samuel 13:14) The Bible book of Sec­ ond Samuel gives satisfying answers to these questions. Second Samuel was written by Gad and Nathan, two prophets who were close to King David of ancient Israel.* Completed in about 1040 B.C.E., toward the end of David's 40-year kingship, the book is primarily about David and his relationship with Jehovah. This thrilling narrative relates how a strifetorn nation becomes a prosperous united kingdom under a valiant king. The gripping drama is packed with human emotions ex­ pressed with deep intensity. * Even th o u g h Sam uel did n o t have a p art in w riting it, th e b o o k bears his n a m e b ecau se th e tw o books of S am uel w ere in itially o n e roll in th e H ebrew ca n o n . S am uel w rote a m a jo r p a rt o f First Sam uel.

Remembering who had firmly established him as king helped David to remain humble

DAVID BECOMES "GREATER AND GREATER" (2 Samuel 1:1-10:19) David's response to the news of the death of Saul and Jonathan reveals his feelings for them and for Jehovah. In Hebron, David is appointed king over the tribe of Judah. Saul's son Ish-bosheth is made king over the rest of Israel. David goes on "getting greater and greater," and some seven and a half years lat­ er, he is made king over all Israel.—2 Samuel 5:10. David captures Jerusalem from the Jebusites and makes it the capital of his kingdom. His first attempt to transfer the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem results in disaster. However, the second attempt succeeds, and David dances for joy. Jehovah makes a cove­ nant with David for a kingdom. David sub­ dues his enemies as God continues to be with him.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:18—Why were Joab and his two broth­ ers identified as the three sons of Zeruiah, their mother? In the Hebrew Scriptures, ge­ nealogies were usually reckoned through the father. Zeruiah's husband may have died pre­ maturely, or he could have been considered unsuitable for inclusion in the Sacred Rec­ ord. It is possible that Zeruiah was listed be­ cause she was David's sister or half sister. (1 Chronicles 2:15,16) The only reference to the father of the three brothers is in connec­ tion with his burial place at Bethlehem. —2 Samuel 2:32.

3:29—What is meant by "a man taking hold of the twirling spindle"? Women cus­ tomarily did the weaving of cloth. Therefore, this expression may refer to men who were unfit for such activities as warfare and who were thus obliged to do the work usually done by a woman. 5:1, 2—How long after Ish-bosheth's as­ sassination was David made king over all Israel? It seems reasonable to conclude that Ish-bosheth began his two-year-long kingship shortly after Saul's death, about the same time David began his in Hebron. David ruled over Judah from Hebron for seven and a half years. Soon after being made king over all Israel, he shifted his capital to Jerusalem. Hence, about five years elapsed after Ishbosheth's death before David became king overall Israel.—2 Samuel 2:3,4, 8-11; 5:4, 5. 8:2—How many Moabites were executed after Israel's conflict with them? The num­ ber may have been determined by measuring rather than by counting. It seems that David had the Moabites lie down side by side on the ground in a row. Next, he had the row measured with the length of a line, or a cord. Apparently, two line measures, or two thirds of the Moabites, were put to death, and one line measure, or one third of them, were spared.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 2:1; 5:19, 23. David inquired of Jehovah before taking up residence in Hebron and prior to going up against his enemies. We too should seek Jehovah's guidance before mak­ ing decisions that affect our spirituality. 3:26-30. Revenge reaps sad consequences. —Romans 12:17-19. 3:31-34; 4:9-12. David's lack of vindictive­ ness and ill will is exemplary. 5:12. We should never forget that Jehovah has educated us in his ways and made a good relationship with him possible.

6:1-7. Though David was well-meaning, his attempt to move the Ark in a wagon was in violation of God's command and resulted in failure. (Exodus 25:13, 14; Numbers 4: 15, 19; 7:7-9) Uzzah's grabbing hold of the Ark also shows that good intentions do not change what God requires. 6:8, 9. In a trialsome situation, David first became angry, then afraid—perhaps even blaming Jehovah for the tragedy. We must guard against blaming Jehovah for problems that result from ignoring his commands. 7:18, 22, 23, 26. David's humility, exclu­ sive devotion to Jehovah, and interest in ex­ alting God's name are qualities for us to imi­ tate. 8:2. A prophecy uttered some 400 years earlier is fulfilled. (Numbers 24:17) Jeho­ vah's word always comes true. 9:1, 6, 7. David kept his promise. We too must endeavor to keep our word.

JEHOVAH RAISES UP CALAMITY AGAINST HIS ANOINTED (2 Samuel 11:1-20:26) "Here I am raising up against you calamity out of your own house,” Jehovah says to Da­ vid, "and I will take your wives under your own eyes and give them to your fellowman, and he will certainly lie down with your wives under the eyes of this sun." (2 Samu­ el 12:11) What is the reason for this pro­ nouncement? It is David's sin with Bathsheba. Though repentant David is forgiven, he is not spared the consequences of his sin. First the child that Bath-sheba gives birth to dies. Then David's virgin daughter Tamar is raped by her half brother Amnon. Her full brother Absalom murders Amnon in re­ venge. Absalom conspires against his own fa­ ther and proclaims himself king in Hebron. David is forced to flee Jerusalem. Absalom has relations with ten of his father's concu­ bines left behind to take care of the house. TH E W ATCHTOW ER • MAY 15, 2005

17

David returns to his kingship only after Absa­ lom is killed. A revolt by the Benjaminite Sheba ends in Sheba's death.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 14:7—What is symbolized by "the glow of my charcoals"? The glow of slow-burning charcoal is used to denote a living offspring. 19:29—Why did David respond the way he did to Mephibosheth's explanation? Upon hearing Mephibosheth, David must have realized that he erred when he took Ziba's words at face value. (2 Samuel 16:1-4; 19:24-28) Very likely, this irritated David, and he did not want to hear anything further about the matter. "Here I am raising up against you calamity out of your own house" Bath-sheba

Tamar

Amnon

Lessons for Us: 11:2-15. The candid account of David's shortcomings testifies to the fact that the Bi­ ble is the inspired Word of God. 11:16-27. When we commit a serious sin, we should not try to cover it over as David did. Rather, we should confess our sin to Je­ hovah and seek help from the elders in the congregation.—Proverbs 28:13; James 5: 13-16. 12:1-14. Nathan set a fine example for ap­ pointed elders in the congregation. They are to help those who fall into sin to correct their course. The elders must discharge this re­ sponsibility skillfully. 12:15-23. Having the correct view of what befell him helped David to respond properly to adversity. 15:12; 16:15, 21, 23. When it appeared that Absalom would ascend to the throne, pride and ambition led the brilliant counsel­ or Ahithophel to become a traitor. Having intelligence without humility and loyalty can be a snare. 19:24, 30. Mephibosheth was truly ap­ preciative of David's loving-kindness. He willingly submitted to the king's decision about Ziba. Appreciation for Jehovah and his organization should move us to be submissive. 20:21, 22. The wisdom of one person can avert a disaster for many.—Ecclesiastes 9:14,15.

LET US FALL "INTO THE HAND OF JEHOVAH" (2 Samuel 21:1-24:25) There is a famine for three years because of the bloodguilt that Saul incurred by putting the Gibeonites to death. (Joshua 9:15) In order to avenge that bloodguilt, the Gibeonites ask for seven sons of Saul for execution. David gives them into the Gibeonites' hands, and the

drought ends with a downpour of rain. Four Philistine giants com e to "fall by the hand of David and by the hand o f his servants." —2 Samuel 21:22. David com m its a serious sin by ordering an illegal census. He repents and chooses to fall "into th e hand o f Jeh ov ah .” (2 Samuel 24:14) As a result, 7 0 ,0 0 0 die from pestilence. Da­ vid follows Jehovah's com m and, and the scourge is halted.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 21:8—How can it be said that Saul's daughter Michal had five sons, when 2 Samuel 6:23 states that she died childless? The m ost widely accepted explanation is that these were the sons o f M ichal's sister Merab, who married Adriel. Likely, Merab died early, and childless M ichal brought up the boys.

21:9,10—For how long did Rizpah keep up a vigil for her two sons and the five grandsons of Saul who were put to death by the Gibeonites? These seven were hanged "in the first days o f harvest"—M arch or April. Their dead bodies were left exposed on a m ountain. Rizpah guarded the seven bodies by day and by night until Jehovah showed by ending the drought th at his anger had sub­ sided. Any heavy downpour o f rain would have been very unlikely before the com ple­ tion o f the harvest season in October. Hence, Rizpah may have kept up th e vigil for as long as five or six m onths. Thereafter, David had the bones o f th e m en buried.

24:1—Why did taking a count of people constitute a serious sin for David? The tak­ ing o f a census was n ot in itself forbidden in the Law. (Numbers 1:1-3; 26:1-4) The Bible does not say w hat objective moved David to num ber the people. However, 1 Chronicles 21:1 indicates that Satan incited him to do so. In any event, his m ilitary chief, Joab, knew th at David's decision to register the people was wrong, and he tried to dissuade David from doing it.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 22:2-51. How beautifully David's song por­ trays Jehovah as the true God, worthy o f our im plicit trust! 23:15-17. David had such a deep respect for God's law on life and blood th at on this occa­ sion, he refrained from doing what even re­ sembled a violation o f th at law. We must cul­ tivate such an attitude toward all o f God's com m ands. 2 4 :1 0 . David's co n scien ce moved him to repentance. Is our conscience sensitive enough to respond in th at way? 24:14. David well knew th at Jehovah is m ore m erciful th an hum ans are. Do we have such conviction? 24:17. David felt regret th at his sin brought suffering upon the entire nation. A repentant wrongdoer should feel remorse over the re­ proach his action may have brought upon the congregation.

Being 'Agreeable to God's Heart' Is Within Our Reach The second king o f Israel proved to be 'a m an agreeable to Jehovah's heart.' (1 Samu­ el 13:14) David never questioned Jehovah's righteous standards, and he did not seek to pursue a course o f independence from God. Each tim e David erred, he acknowledged his sin, accepted discipline, and corrected his ways. David was a m an o f integrity. Are we not wise to be like him , particularly w hen we err? The life story o f David vividly illustrates th at recognizing Jeh o v ah 's sovereignty is a m atter o f accepting His standards o f good and bad and striving to abide by th em as in ­ tegrity keepers. This is w ithin our reach. How grateful we can be for th e lessons we learn from th e b ook o f Second Sam uel! The inspired message contained in its pages is, indeed, alive and exerts power.—Hebrews 4:12. THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 200 5

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of First Kings

/ / T A THEN the righteous become many, the people rejoice; but when any­ one wicked bears rule, the people sigh.” (Proverbs 29:2) The Bible book of First Kings vividly demonstrates the truth of this prov­ erb. It relates the life story of Solomon, dur­ ing whose kingship ancient Israel enjoys a time of security and great prosperity. First Kings also includes an account of the divid­ ing of the nation after Solomon's death and of 14 kings who followed him, some in Isra­ el and some in Judah. Only two of these kings were consistently faithful to Jehovah. In addition, the book recounts the activities of six prophets, including Elijah. Written in Jerusalem and Judah by the prophet Jeremiah, the narrative covers a pe­ riod of some 129 years—from 1040 B.C.E. to 911 B.C.E. While compiling the book, Jere­ miah evidently consulted such ancient rec­ ords as "the book of the affairs of Solomon." Those separate records are no longer extant. - 1 Kings 11:41; 14:19; 15:7.

VV

A WISE KING PROMOTES PEACE AND PROSPERITY (1 Kings 1:1-11:43) First Kings begins with an intriguing ac­ count of an attempt by King David's son Adonijah to usurp his father's kingship. The prophet Nathan's prompt action foils the plan, and David's son Solomon is made king. Jehovah is pleased with the request of the newly enthroned king and gives him "a wise and understanding heart" along with "riches and glory." (1 Kings 3:12, 13) The king's wisdom is without equal, his wealth 28

THE WATCHTOWER • JULY 1, 2005

beyond compare. Israel enjoys a period of peace and prosperity. Among the building projects Solomon completes are Jehovah's temple and vari­ ous government buildings. Jehovah assures Solomon: "I [will] establish the throne of your kingdom over Israel to time indef­ inite," provided the king remains obedient. (1 Kings 9:4, 5) The true God also warns him of the consequences of disobedience. Solo­ mon, though, comes to have many foreign wives. Under their influence, he turns to false worship in his old age. Jehovah fore­ tells that his kingdom will be divided. In 997 B.C.E., Solomon dies, bringing an end to his 40-year reign. His son Rehoboam as­ cends the throne.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:5—Why did Adonijah try to seize the throne while David was still alive? The Bi­ ble does not say. However, it is reasonable to conclude that since Adonijah's older broth­ ers Amnon and Absalom were already dead, as was probably David's son Chileab, Adoni­ jah thought that he had the right to the throne as the eldest of David's remaining sons. (2 Samuel 3:2-4; 13:28, 29; 18:14-17) Having elicited the support of the powerful army chief Joab and the influential high priest Abiathar, Adonijah likely felt confi­ dent that his attempt would succeed. The Bi­ ble does not say whether he knew of David's intent to have Solomon inherit the throne. However, Adonijah did not invite Solomon and others loyal to David to "a sacrifice." (1 Kings 1:9 ,10) This suggests that he viewed Solomon as a rival.

1:49-53; 2:13-25—Why did Solomon put Adonijah to death after granting him a pardon? Even though Bath-sheba had failed to recognize it, Solomon discerned the true intention behind Adonijah's request that she ask the king to give him Abishag as a wife. Though David had not had relations with her, beautiful Abishag was considered David's concubine. According to the custom of the times, she would become the property only of David's legal heir. Adonijah might have thought that by taking Abishag as his wife, he could again make a bid for the throne. Interpreting Adonijah's request as a manifestation of ambition for the kingship, Solomon revoked the pardon. 6:37-8:2—When was the temple inaugu­ rated? The temple was completed in the eighth month of 1027 B.C.E., the 11th year of Solomon's reign. It seems that bringing in the furnishings and making other prepara­ tions took 11 months. The inauguration must have taken place in the seventh month of the year 1026 B.C.E. The narrative de­ scribes other construction projects after the temple's completion and before mentioning its inauguration, evidently to round out the discussion about the building operations. —2 Chronicles 5:1-3. 9:10-13—Was Solomon's gift of 20 cities in the land of Galilee to King Hiram of Tyre in harmony with the Mosaic Law? The Law

Thetemple and other buildings constructed by Solomon

as stated at Leviticus 25:23, 24 could have been regarded as applying only to an area oc­ cupied by the Israelites. It is possible that the cities Solomon gave to Hiram were inhabit­ ed by non-Israelites, although lying within the boundary of the Promised Land. (Exo­ dus 23:31) Solomon's action could also have been an indication of his failure to comply completely with the Law, as when he 'in­ creased horses for himself' and took many wives. (Deuteronomy 17:16, 17) Whatever the case, Hiram was dissatisfied with the gift. Perhaps the cities were not well-kept by their pagan inhabitants, or it may be that they were not ideally located. 11:4—Did senility cause Solomon to be­ come unfaithful in his old age? This does not seem to be the case. Solomon was quite young when he began ruling, and although he reigned for 40 years, he did not reach an advanced old age. Moreover, he did not completely leave off following Jehovah. He apparently tried to practice some form of in­ terfaith.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 2:26, 27, 35. What Jehovah foretells al­ ways comes true. The removal of Abiathar, a descendant of Eli, fulfilled "Jehovah's word that he had spoken against the house of Eli." Replacing Abiathar with Zadok from the line of Phinehas was in fulfillment of Numbers

25:10-13.—Exodus 6:25; 1 Samuel 2:31; 3:12; 1 Chronicles 24:3. 2:37, 41-46. How dangerous it is to think that one can step out of bounds with impu­ nity! Those who deliberately deviate from following 'the cramped road leading off into life' will suffer the consequences of that un­ wise decision.—Matthew 7:14. 3:9,12-14. Jehovah answers his servants' sincere prayers for wisdom, understanding, and guidance in carrying out his service. —James 1:5. 8:22-53. What heartfelt appreciation Sol­ omon expressed for Jehovah—a God of loving-kindness, the Fulfiller of promises, and the Hearer of prayer! Meditating on the words of Solomon's inauguration prayer will enhance our appreciation for these and oth­ er aspects of God's personality. 11:9-14, 23, 26. When Solomon be­ came disobedient in his later years, Jehovah raised up resist­ ers. "God opposes the haughty L„ 4 on es , but he gives u n ­ deserved kindness to the humble ones," says the apostle Peter.—1 Peter 5:5.

11:30-40. King Solomon sought to kill Jer­ oboam because of what Ahijah had prophe­ sied concerning Jeroboam. How different the king's response was some 40 years earlier when he refused to seek revenge against Adonijah and other conspirators! (1 Kings 1:5053) This change of attitude was a result of his drawing away from Jehovah.

A UNITED KINGDOM IS RIPPED APART (1 Kings 12:1-22:53) Jeroboam and the people come to King Rehoboam and ask him to lighten the burden imposed by his father, Solomon. In­ stead of granting their request, Rehoboam threatens to place an even heavier load on them. Ten tribes revolt and make Jeroboam king over them. The kingdom stands divid­ ed. Rehoboam rules over the southern king­ dom, made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, and Jeroboam reigns over the northern ten-tribe kingdom of Israel. To discourage the people from going to Je­ rusalem to worship, Jeroboam sets up two golden calves—one at Dan and the other at Bethel. Among the kings who rule in Israel after Jeroboam are Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Tibni, Omri, Ahab, and Ahaziah. Abijam, Asa, Jehoshaphat, andjehoram succeed Rehoboam in Judah. Prophets active in the days of these kings include Ahijah, Shemaiah, and an unnamed man of God, as well as Jehu, Elijah, and Micaiah.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 18:21—Why were the people silent when Elijah asked them to follow either Jehovah or Baal? It could be that they recognized their failure to give Jehovah the exclusive devotion that he exacts and therefore felt guilty. Or perhaps their con­ sciences were hardened to the extent that they saw nothing wrong with worshipping Baal while claiming to be worshippers of Je­ 30

hovah. It was only after Jehovah demon­ strated his power that they said: "Jehovah is the true God! Jehovah is the true God!" —1 Kings 18:39. 20:34—After Jehovah gave Ahab victo­ ry over the Syrians, why did Ahab spare their king, Ben-hadad? Instead of strik­ ing Ben-hadad down, Ahab concluded a covenant with him by which streets in the Syrian capital, Damascus, would be as­ signed to Ahab, evidently for the estab­ lishment of bazaars, or markets. Earlier, Ben-hadad's father had similarly assigned himself streets in Samaria for commercial purposes. Hence, Ben-hadad was released so that Ahab could establish commercial inter­ ests in Damascus.

Lessons for Us: 12:13,14. When making vital decisions in life, we should seek the advice of wise and mature individuals who are knowledgeable in the Scriptures and have high regard for godly principles. 13:11-24. Advice or a suggestion that seems questionable, even if it comes from a well-meaning fellow believer, should be measured against the sound guidance of God's W o rd .-l John 4:1. 14:13. Jehovah searches through us to look for the good in us. Regardless of how in­ significant that good may be, he can make it grow as we do our best to serve him. 15:10-13. We must courageously reject apostasy and instead promote true worship. 17:10-16. The widow of Zarephath recog­ nized Elijah as a prophet and received him as such, and Jehovah blessed her acts of faith. Today, Jehovah also notices our acts of faith, and he rewards those who support the Kingdom work in various ways.—Matthew 6:33; 10:41, 42; He­ brews 6:10.

19:1-8. When facing intense opposition, we can be confident of Jehovah's support. —2 Corinthians 4:7-9. 19:10,14,18. True worshippers are never alone. They have Jehovah and their world­ wide brotherhood. 19:11-13. Jehovah is not a nature god or a mere personification of natural forces. 20:11. When Ben-hadad bragged about destroying Samaria, Israel's king answered: "Do not let one girding on [his armor in preparation for battle] boast about himself like one unfastening" his armor after re­ turning victorious from battle. When faced with a new task, we must avoid the overconfidence of a braggart.—Proverbs 27:1; James 4:13-16.

Of Great Value to Us When recounting the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai, Moses told the sons of Israel: "See, I am putting before you today bless­ ing and malediction: the blessing, pro­ vided you will obey the command­ ments of Jehovah your God that I am commanding you today; and the malediction, if you will not obey the commandments of Je­ hovah your God and you do turn aside from the way about which I am commanding you today." —Deuteronomy 11:26-28. How clearly this vital truth is brought to our attention in the book of First Kings! As we have seen, this book also teaches oth­ er valuable lessons. Its message is indeed alive and exerts power.—He­ brews 4:12.

m

Jehovah's Word Is Alive

Highlights From the Book of Second Kings

T

HE Bible book of Second Kings takes up where the book of First Kings leaves off. It is an account of 29 kings—12 from the northern kingdom of Israel and 17 from the southern kingdom of Judah. Sec­ ond Kings also relates activities of the proph­ ets Elijah, Elisha, and Isaiah. Though not strictly in chronological order, the record reaches down to the time of the destruction of Samaria and Jerusalem. Altogether, Sec­ ond Kings covers a period of 340 years—from 920 B.C.E. to 580 B.C.E. when the prophet Jeremiah completed the writing of this book. Of what value is Second Kings to us? What does it teach us about Jehovah and his deal­ ings? What lessons can we draw from the ac­ tions of the kings, the prophets, and others mentioned in the book? Let us see what we can learn from Second Kings.

ELISHA SUCCEEDS ELIJAH (2 Kings 1:1-8:29) King Ahaziah of Israel suffers a fall in his home and is sick. He receives a notice of death from the prophet Elijah. Ahaziah dies, and his brother Jehoram ascends to the throne. Meanwhile, Jehoshaphat is king over Judah. Elijah is taken up in a windstorm, and his assistant, Elisha, succeeds him as a proph­ et. During some 60 years of his ministry that follows, Elisha performs many miracles.—See the box "Elisha's Miracles.” When a Moabite king rebels against Israel, Jehoram, Jehoshaphat, and the king of Edom go out to meet him in battle. They are given victory because of the faithfulness of Jehosh­ aphat. Later, the king of Syria plans a surprise attack against Israel. However, Elisha foils the 8 THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 1, 2005

plan. The Syrian king is enraged and sends "horses and war chariots and a heavy mili­ tary force" to capture Elisha. (2 Kings 6: 14) Elisha performs two miracles and turns back the Syrians in peace. In time, Syrian King Ben-hadad lays siege against Samaria. This results in a severe famine, but Elisha foretells that the famine will end. Some time later, Elisha goes to Damascus. King Ben-hadad, now sick, sends Hazael to inquire if he will recover from his sickness. Elisha foretells that the king will die and that Hazael will rule in his place. The very next day, Hazael suffocates the king under a wet "netted cloth" and assumes the kingship. (2 Kings 8:15, footnote) In Judah, Jehoshaphat's son Jehoram becomes king, and he is succeeded by his son Ahaziah.—See the box "Kings of Judah and of Israel."

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:9—Why did Elisha ask for 'two parts in Elijah's spirit'? To carry out the responsibili­ ty as a prophet to Israel, Elisha would need the same spirit that Elijah had shown, that of courage and fearlessness. Realizing this, Eli­ sha asked for a double portion of Elijah's spirNaaman humbled himself and was healed by Jehovah's power

happened to Elijah as he "went ascending in the windstorm"? it. Elisha was appointed by Elijah as his suc­ cessor and had been his attendant for six years, so Elisha viewed Elijah as his spiritual father; Elisha was like the firstborn spiritual son of Elijah. (1 Kings 19:19-21; 2 Kings 2:12) Hence, just as the literal firstborn received two parts of his father's inheritance, Elisha asked for and received two parts of spiritual inheritance from Elijah. 2:11—What were "the heavens" to which "Elijah went ascending in the windstorm"? These were neither the distant parts of the physical universe nor the spiritual place where God and his angelic sons dwell. (Deu­ teronomy 4:19; Psalm 11:4; Matthew 6:9; 18: 10) "The heavens" to which Elijah ascended were the atmospheric heavens. (Psalm 78:26; Matthew 6:26) Racing through earth's atmo­ sphere, the fiery chariot evidently transferred Elijah to another part of the earth, where he continued living for a time. Years later, in fact, Elijah wrote a letter to Jehoram, the king of Judah.—2 Chronicles 21:1,12-15. 5:15,16—Why did Elisha not accept Naaman's gift? Elisha refused the gift because he recognized that the miracle of healing Naaman was performed by Jehovah's power, not his own. It would have been unthinkable on his part to profit from his God-appointed of­

fice. True worshippers today do not reach out for personal gain from Jeho­ vah's service. They take to heart Jesus' admonition: "You received free, give free."—Matthew 10:8. 5:18, 19—Was Naaman request­ ing forgiveness for having to par­ ticipate in a religious act? The Syri­ an king evidently was old and weak and had to lean upon Naaman for support. When the king bowed down in worship to Rimmon, Naaman did also. For Naaman, though, it was a purely mechanical act, strict­ ly for the purpose of supporting the body of the king and not for rendering worship. Naa­ man was asking Jehovah to forgive him for performing this civil duty. Believing Naa­ man, Elisha said to him: "Go in peace."

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:13, 14. Learning from observation and acting with humility can save lives. 2:2,4, 6. Even though Elisha had been Eli­ jah's attendant for perhaps six years, he in­ sisted on not leaving him. What a fine ex­ ample of loyalty and friendship!—Proverbs 18:24. 2:23, 24. The main reason for this mock­ ing of Elisha appears to be that a bald man was wearing Elijah's official garment. The children recognized Elisha as Jehovah's rep­ resentative and simply did not want him around. They told him to "go up," that is, keep going up to Bethel or be taken up as Eli­ jah had been. The children evidently reflect­ ed the antagonistic attitude of their parents. How vital that parents teach their children to respect God's representatives! 3:14,18, 24. Jehovah's word always comes true. 3:22. The reflection of the early morning light created the illusion that the water was blood, perhaps because the soil in the freshly made ditches contained red clay. Jehovah THE WATCHTOWER • AUGU ST 1, 2005

9

may choose to use natural phenomena to ac­ complish his purposes. 4:8-11. Recognizing Elisha to be "a holy man of God," a woman in Shunem extended hospitality to him. Should we not do the same to faithful worshippers of Jehovah? 5:3. The little Israelite girl had faith in God's ability to perform miracles. She also had the courage to speak about her faith. Do you young ones strive to fortify your faith in God's promises and muster up courage to share the truth with your teachers and fellow students?

5:9-19. Does not Naaman's example show that a proud person can learn humility? —1 Peter 5:5. 5:20-27. What a price to pay for trying to live a lie! Giving thought to the personal heartache and tragedy that living a double life can bring will help us avoid such a course.

ISRAEL AND JUDAH GO INTO EXILE (2 Kings 9:1-25:30) Jehu is anointed king over Israel. He loses no time in carrying out the campaign to strike down the house of Ahab. Jehu skillful-

E LIS H A S M IR A CLES 1. The waters of the Jordan are made to divide.—2 Kings 2:14 2. The bad water supply of Jericho is made healthful. - 2 Kings 2:19-22 3. Juvenile delinquents are attacked by bears.—2 Kings 2:23, 24 4. Water is supplied to armies.—2 Kings 3:16-26 5. A widow receives edible oil.—2 Kings 4:1-7 10

6. A barren Shunammite woman conceives a child. - 2 Kings 4:8-17 7. A child is raised from the dead.—2 Kings 4:18-37 8. A poisonous stew be­ comes edible.—2 Kings 4:38-41 9. One hundred men are fed with 20 loaves.—2 Kings 4:42-44 10. Naaman is healed of his leprosy.—2 Kings 5:1-14

THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 1, 2005

11. Gehazi receives Naaman's leprosy.—2 Kings 5:24-27 12. An axhead is made to float.—2 Kings 6:5-7 13. A servant sees angelic chariots.—2 Kings 6:15-17 14. The Syrian army is struck with blindness.—2 Kings 6:18 15. The sight of the Syrian army is restored.—2 Kings 6:19-23 16. A dead man comes to life. - 2 Kings 13:20, 21

ly 'annihilates Baal worship out of Israel.' (2 Kings 10:28) Upon learning that her son has been killed by Jehu, Ahaziah's mother, Athaliah, 'rises up to destroy all the offspring of the kingdom of Judah' and usurps the throne. (2 Kings 11:1) Only Ahaziah's baby son, Jehoash, is rescued and after six years in hiding is appointed king over Judah. In­ structed by Jehoiada the priest, Jehoash con­ tinues to do what is right in Jehovah's eyes. After Jehu, all the kings who rule Israel do what is bad in Jehovah's eyes. Elisha dies a natural death in the time of Jehu's grandson. The fourth Judean king following Jehoash is Ahaz, and he 'does not do what is right in the eyes of Jehovah.' (2 Kings 16:1, 2) His son Hezekiah, however, proves to be a king who 'keeps sticking to Jehovah.' (2 Kings 17:20; 18:6) In 740 B.C.E., when Hezekiah is king over Judah and Hoshea rules over Israel, As­ syrian King Shalmaneser 'captures Samaria and leads Israel into exile in Assyria.' (2 Kings 17:6) Subsequently, foreigners are brought into the territory of Israel, and the Samaritan religion is born. Of the seven kings who follow Hezekiah in Judah, only Josiah takes steps to rid the land of false worship. Finally, in 607 B.C.E., the Babylonians capture Jerusalem and 'Judah goes into exile from its soil.'—2 Kings 25:21.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 13:20, 21—Does this miracle support the veneration of religious relics? No, it does not. The Bible does not show that the bones of Elisha were ever venerated. It was God's power that made this miracle possible, as was the case with all the miracles Elisha performed when he was still alive. 15:1-6—Why did Jehovah plague Azariah (Uzziah, 15:6, footnote) with leprosy? "As soon as [Uzziah] was strong, his heart be­ came haughty. . . , so that he acted unfaith­ fully against Jehovah his God and came

into the temple of Jehovah to burn incense upon the altar of incense." When the priests "stood up against Uzziah" and told him to "go out from the sanctuary," he became en­ raged against the priests and was struck with leprosy.—2 Chronicles 26:16-20. 18:19-21, 25—Had Hezekiah made an al­ liance with Egypt? No. Rabshakeh's accusa­ tion was false, as was his claim to have come with "authorization from Jehovah.” Faithful King Hezekiah relied solely on Jehovah.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 9:7, 26. The heavy judgment against the house of Ahab shows that false worship and the shedding of innocent blood are detest­ able to Jehovah. 9:20. Jehu's reputation as a furious chariot driver gave evidence of his zeal in carry­ ing out his commission. Are you personally known as a zealous Kingdom proclaimer? —2 Timothy 4:2. 9:36,37; 10:17; 13:18,19,25; 14:25; 19:20, 32-36; 20:16,17; 24:13. We can be confident that 'the word that goes forth from Jehovah's mouth always has certain success.'—Isaiah 55:10,11. 10:15. Just as Jehonadab wholeheartedly accepted Jehu's invitation to get up into the chariot with him, the "great crowd" willingly support Jesus Christ, the modern-day Jehu, and his anointed followers.—Revelation 7:9. 10:30, 31. Though Jehu's record was not flawless, Jehovah showed appreciation for all that he did. Indeed, 'God is not unrighteous so as to forget our work.'—Hebrews 6:10. 13:14-19. Since Jehu's grandson Jehoash did not exert himself but struck the earth with arrows only three times, he had limited success in defeating the Syrians. Jehovah ex­ pects us to do his assigned work wholeheart­ edly and with zeal. 20:2-6. Jehovah is the "Hearer of prayer." —Psalm 65:2. THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 1, 2005

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24:3, 4. On account of Manasseh's bloodguilt, Jehovah "did not consent to grant for­ giveness" to Judah. God respects the blood of the innocent. We can be confident that Jeho­ vah will avenge innocent blood by destroy­ ing those responsible for shedding it.—Psalm 37:9-11; 145:20.

Valuable to Us The book of Second Kings portrays Jeho­ vah as the Fulfiller of promises. The exile of residents of the two kingdoms, first of Is­ rael and then of Judah, forcefully brings to our attention how the prophetic judg­

ment recorded at Deuteronomy 28:15-29: 28 came true. Second Kings describes Elisha as a prophet with great zeal for Jehovah's name and for true worship. Hezekiah and Josiah are depicted as humble kings who re­ spect God's Law. As we reflect on the attitude and actions of the kings, prophets, and others referred to in Second Kings, do we not learn valuable lessons in what to strive for and what to avoid? (Romans 15:4; 1 Corinthians 10:11) Yes, "the word of God is alive and exerts power."—Hebrews 4:12.

KIN G S OF JUDAH AND OF IS R A E L Saul/David/Solomon: 1117/1077/1037 B.C.E.* DATE (B.C.E.) KINGDOM OF ISRAEL KINGDOM OF JUDAH Rehoboam ........... 997 ........ .... Jeroboam Abijah/Asa ........ 980/978 ..... .... 976/975/952 ...... Nadab/Baasha/Elah ... 951/951/951 ... Zimri/Omri/Tibni ........ 940 ........ ... Ahab Jehoshaphat ........... 937 ........ ..... 920/917 ......... Ahaziah/Jehoram Jehoram............ 913.......... Ahaziah ........... 906 ........ (Athaliah) ........... 905 ........ ... Jehu Jehoash ........... 898 ..... 876/859 ..... ... Jehoahaz/Jehoash Amaziah ........... 858 ........ ........ 844 ........ Jeroboam II Azariah (Uzziah) ........... 829 ........ ... 803/791/791 .... Zechariah/Shallum/Menahem ..... 780/778 ..... Pekahiah/Pekah Jotham/Ahaz ........ 777/762 ..... ........ 758 ........ Hoshea Hezekiah ........... 746 ........ ........ 740 ........ ... Samaria captured Manasseh/Amon/Josiah .... 716/661/659 Jehoahaz/Jehoiakim ........ 628/628 ..... Jehoiachin/Zedekiah ........ 618/617 * Some dates are the approximate Jerusalem destroyed ........... 607 ........ beginning year of the reign. 12

THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 1, 2005

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of First Chronicles

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OME 77 years have passed since the Jews returned to their homeland from Bab­ ylonian exile. The temple that was rebuilt by Governor Zerubbabel has now stood for 55 years. The prime reason for the Jews' return was the restoration of true worship in Jerusa­ lem. However, the people lack zeal for Jeho­ vah's worship. There is an urgent need for encouragement, and that is exactly what the Bible book of First Chronicles provides. Aside from the genealogical records, First Chronicles covers a period of some 40 years, from the death of King Saul to the death of King David. The priest Ezra is credited with the writing of this book in the year 460 B.C.E. First Chronicles is of interest to us because it gives insight into worship at the temple and provides details about the lineage of the Messiah. As a part of the in­ spired Word of God, its message strengthens our faith and enhances our understanding of the Bible.—Hebrews 4:12.

A MEANINGFUL RECORD OF NAMES (1 Chronicles 1:1-9:44) The detailed genealogical listing that Ezra compiles is necessary for at least three rea­ sons: to ensure that only authorized men serve in the priesthood, to help determine tribal inheritance, and to preserve the record of the lineage leading up to the Messiah. The

m

The generations from Adam to Noah (1,056 years)

record links the Jews with their past all the way back to the first man. Ten generations take us from Adam to Noah, and another ten take us to Abraham. After listing the sons of Ishmael, the sons of Abraham's concubine Keturah, and the sons of Esau, the account focuses on the line of descent of the 12 sons of Israel.—1 Chronicles 2:1. The descendants of Judah are given exten­ sive coverage because they provide the royal line of King David. There are 14 generations from Abraham to David and another 14 to the deportation to Babylon. (1 Chronicles 1: 27, 34; 2:1-15; 3:1-17; Matthew 1:17) Ezra then lists descendants of the tribes on the east side of the Jordan, followed by the gene­ alogy of the sons of Levi. (1 Chronicles 5:124; 6:1) Then comes a summary of some of the other tribes to the west of the Jordan Riv­ er and of the line of Benjamin in detail. (1 Chronicles 8:1) The names of the first in­ habitants of Jerusalem after the Babylonian captivity are also listed.—1 Chronicles 9: 1-16.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:18—Who was Shelah's father—Cainan or Arpachshad? (Luke 3:35, 36) Arpachshad was the father of Shelah. (Genesis 10: 24; 11:12) The term "Cainan" at Luke 3:36 may well be a corruption of the term "Chal-

deans." If this is so, the original text may have read, "the son of Chaldean Arpachshad." Or it may be that the names Cainan and Arpachshad refer to one and the same person. Not to be overlooked is the fact that the expression "son of Cainan" is not found in some manuscripts.—Luke 3:36, footnote. 2:15—Was David the seventh son of Jes­ se? No. Jesse had eight sons, and David was the youngest. (1 Samuel 16:10, 11; 17:12) One of the sons of Jesse evidently died with­ out having any children. Since that son would have no bearing on genealogical rec­ ords, Ezra omitted his name. 3:17—Why does Luke 3:27 refer to Jeconiah's son Shealtiel as the son of Neri? Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel. However, Neri apparently gave his daughter to Shealti­ el as a wife. Luke referred to Neri's son-in-law as Neri's son just as he did in the case of Jo­ seph, calling him the son of Mary's father, Heli.-Luke 3:23. 3:17-19—How were Zerubbabel, Pedaiah, and Shealtiel related? Zerubbabel was a son of Pedaiah, who was a brother of Shealti­ el. Yet, the Bible at times calls Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel. (Matthew 1:12; Luke 3: 27) This could be because Pedaiah died and Shealtiel raised Zerubbabel. Or perhaps since Shealtiel died without having a child, Pedaiah performed brother-in-law marriage, and Zerubbabel was the firstborn of that union—Deuteronomy 25:5-10. 5:1, 2—What did receiving the right of the firstborn mean for Joseph? It meant

that Joseph received a double portion of the inheritance. (Deuteronomy 21:17) He thus became the father of two tribes—Ephraim and Manasseh. The other sons of Israel fa­ thered only one tribe each.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:1-9:44. The genealogies of real people prove that the entire arrangement of true worship is based, not on myth, but on fact. 4:9, 10. Jehovah answered the fervent prayer of Jabez for a peaceful enlargement of his territory so that it might accommo­ date more God-fearing people. We too need to offer heartfelt prayers for an increase as we zealously share in the disciple-making work. 5:10,18-22. In the days of King Saul, the tribes east of the Jordan defeated the Hagrites even though these tribes were outnum­ bered more than 2 to 1. This was because the valiant men of these tribes trusted in Jeho­ vah and looked to him for help. Let us have complete confidence in Jehovah as we carry on our spiritual warfare against formidable odds.—Ephesians 6:10-17. 9:26, 27. The Levite gatekeepers occupied an office of great trust. They were given the key to the entrance to the holy areas of the temple. They proved to be reliable in opening the gates each day. We have been entrusted with the responsibility of reach­ ing out to the people in our territory and helping them to come to worship Jehovah. Should we not prove to be just as dependable and trustworthy as the Levite gatekeepers?

DAVID RULES AS KING (1 Chronicles 10:1-29:30) The narrative opens with the account of King Saul and his three sons dying in battle against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa. Da­ vid, the son of Jesse, is made king over the tribe of Judah. Men from all tribes come to Hebron and make him king over all Isra­ el. (1 Chronicles 11:1-3) Soon thereafter, he captures Jerusalem. Later, the Israelites bring the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem "with joyful shouting and with the sound­ ing of the horn and with . . . playing aloud on stringed instruments and harps." —1 Chronicles 15:28. David expresses a desire to build a house for the true God. Reserving that privilege for Solomon, Jehovah makes a covenant with David for a Kingdom. As David carries on his campaign against Israel's enemies, Jehovah gives him one victory after another. An ille­ gal census results in 70,000 deaths. After re­ ceiving angelic direction to erect an altar to Jehovah, David purchases a place from Oman the Jebusite. David begins making "preparation in great quantities" for build­ ing a "surpassingly magnificent" house to Jehovah at that site. (1 Chronicles 22:5) Da­ vid organizes Levitical services, described here in greater detail than anywhere else in the Scriptures. The king and the people make generous contributions for the tem­ ple. After a 40-year reign, David dies "satis­ fied with days, riches and glory; and Solo­ mon his son [begins] to reign in place of him."—1 Chronicles 29:28.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 11:11—Why is the number of slain 300 and not 800 as in the parallel account at 2 Samuel 23:8? The head of David’s three most valiant men was Jashobeam, or Joshebbasshebeth. The other two mighty men were Eleazar and Shammah. (2 Samuel 23:8-11) The reason for the difference in the two ac­ counts may well be that they refer to differ­ ent deeds performed by the same man. 11:20, 21—What was Abishai's standing with respect to the three principal mighty men of David? Abishai was not one of the three mightiest men who served David. How­ ever, as stated at 2 Samuel 23:18, 19, he was the head of 30 warriors and was more distin­ guished than any of them. Abishai's repu­ tation rivaled that of the three principal mighty ones because he performed a mighty act similar to that of Jashobeam. 12:8—In what way were the faces of the Gadite warriors like "the faces of lions"? These valiant men were at David's side in the wilderness. Their hair had grown long. Hav­ ing a hairy mane gave them a fierce, lionlike appearance. 13:5—What is "the river of Egypt"? Some have thought that this expression refers to a branch of the Nile River. However, it is gener­ ally understood that the reference is to "the torrent valley of Egypt"—a long ravine mark­ ing the southwest boundary of the Promised Land.—Numbers 34:2, 5; Genesis 15:18. 16:30—What is the meaning of "severe pains" on account of Jehovah? The expres­ sion "pains" is here used figuratively to de-

1107 B.C.E. DAVID born JlOOyrs.l 60

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c.88

2018 B.C.E.

From Abraham to David: 14 generations (911 years)

note reverential fear of and high regard for Je­ hovah. 16:1, 37-40; 21:29, 30; 22:19—What ar­ rangement for worship remained operative in Israel from the time the Ark was brought to Jerusalem until the temple was built? When David brought the Ark to Jerusalem and placed it inside the tent he had made, the Ark had not been in the tabernacle for many years. After the move, the Ark re­ mained in that tent in Jerusalem. The taber­ nacle was in Gibeon, where High Priest Zadok and his brothers carried out sacrifices prescribed in the Law. This arrangement con­ tinued until the completion of the temple in Jerusalem. When the temple was ready, the tabernacle was brought from Gibeon to Jeru­ salem, and the Ark was housed in the Most Holy of the temple.—1 Kings 8:4, 6.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 13:11. Rather than becoming angry and blaming Jehovah when our efforts fail, we must analyze the situation and try to see what caused the failure. Undoubtedly, David did that. He learned from his mistake and lat­ er successfully brought the Ark to Jerusalem, using the proper method.* 14:10,13-16; 22:17-19. We should always approach Jehovah in prayer and seek his direction before undertaking any endeavor that will affect us spiritually. 16:23-29. Jehovah's worship should be our first concern in life. 18:3. Jehovah is the Fulfiller of his promis­ es. Through David, he carried out his prom­ ise to give Abraham's seed the entire land of Canaan, extending "from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates."—Gen­ esis 15:18; 1 Chronicles 13:5. 21:13-15. Jehovah commanded the angel * For other lessons from David's attempt to transport the Ark to Jerusalem, see The Watchtower; May 15, 2005, pages 16-19.

to halt the plague because He is sensitive to the suffering of His people. Indeed, "very many are his mercies."* 22:5,9; 29:3-5,14-16. Although he was not commissioned to build Jehovah's temple, David exhibited a generous spirit. Why? Be­ cause he appreciated that all he had acquired was due to Jehovah's goodness. Similar feel­ ings of gratitude should move us to have a spirit of generosity. 24:7-18. The arrangement of 24 priestly di­ visions that David instituted was in effect when Jehovah's angel appeared to Zechariah, the father of John the Baptizer, and an­ nounced the coming birth of John. As a member of "the division of Abijah," Zechariah was then serving his turn at the temple. (Luke 1:5,8,9) True worship revolves around historical—not mythological—figures. Bless­ ings result from our loyal cooperation with "the faithful and discreet slave" in connec­ tion with the well-organized worship of Jeho­ vah today.—Matthew 24:45.

Serve Jehovah "With a Delightful Soul" First Chronicles is not all about genealo­ gies. It is also a narrative of David's bringing the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem, of his great victories, of the preparation for build­ ing the temple, and of the setting up of the Levitical priestly divisions of service. All that Ezra relates in First Chronicles must surely have benefited the Israelites, helping them to renew their zeal for Jehovah's worship at the temple. What an example David set in keeping Je­ hovah's worship foremost in his life! Instead of seeking special privileges for himself, Da­ vid sought to do God's will. We are encour­ aged to apply his advice to serve Jehovah "with a complete heart and with a delightful soul."—1 Chronicles 28:9. * For other lessons related to David's illegal census, see The Watchtower, May 15, 2005, pages 16-19.

THE WATCHTOWER • O CTO BER 1, 2005

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Second Chronicles S THE Bible book of Second Chronicles opens, Solomon is ruling as king over Is­ rael. The book ends with these words of Per­ sian King Cyrus to the exiled Jews in Babylo­ nia: “[Jehovah] himself has commissioned me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever there is among you of all his people, Jehovah his God be with him. So let him go up [to Jerusalem]." (2 Chroni­ cles 36:23) Completed by the priest Ezra in 460 B.C.E., the book covers 500 years—from 1037 B.C.E. to 537 B.C.E. Cyrus' decree makes it possible for the Jews to return to Jerusalem and reestablish Jeho­ vah's worship there. However, the long years of Babylonian captivity have taken their toll. The returned exiles lack knowledge of their national history. Second Chronicles provides them with a vivid summary of events under kings of the royal line of David. The narrative is also of interest to us because it highlights

A

the blessings that come from obedience to the true God and the consequences of dis­ obedience to him.

A KING BUILDS A HOUSE TO JEHOVAH (2 Chronicles 1:1-9:31) Jehovah gives King Solomon the request of his heart—wisdom and knowledge—along with riches and honor. The king builds a magnificent house to Jehovah in Jerusa­ lem, and the people are "joyful and feeling good at heart." (2 Chronicles 7:10) Solomon comes to be "greater than all the other kings of the earth in riches and wisdom." —2 Chronicles 9:22. After ruling over Israel for 40 years, Solo­ mon 'lies down with his forefathers, and Rehoboam his son begins to rule in his place.' (2 Chronicles 9:31) Ezra does not re­ cord Solomon's deviation from true wor­ ship. The only negative points mentioned about the king are his unwise acquisition of many horses from Egypt and his marriage to the daughter of Pharaoh. The chronicler thus presents the account from a positive standpoint.

Do youknow why bulls were a fitting representation in the base of the molten sea?

ScripturalQuestionsAnswered: 2:14—Why is the lineage of the crafts­ man described here different from the one found at 1 Kings 7:14? First Kings refers to the craftsman's mother as "a widowed wom­ an from the tribe of Naphtali" because she had married a man of that tribe. She herself, though, was from the tribe of Dan. After her husband's death, she married a man of Tyre, and the artisan was an offspring of that mar­ riage. 2:18; 8:10—These verses state that the number of deputies serving as overseers and as foremen over the labor force was 3,600 plus 250, whereas according to 1 Kings 5:16; 9:23, they numbered 3,300 plus 550. Why do the numbers differ? The difference seems to be in the way the deputies are classified. It may be that Sec­ ond Chronicles differentiates between 3,600 non-Israelites and 250 Israelite deputies, while First Kings distinguishes 3,300 fore­ men from 550 chief supervisors of higher rank. In any case, the total number of those serving as deputies was 3,850. 4:2-4—Why was the representation of bulls used in the construction of the base of the molten sea? In the Scriptures, bulls are a symbol of strength. (Ezekiel 1:10; Reve­ lation 4:6, 7) The choice of bulls as a repre­ sentation was fitting because the 12 cop­ per bulls supported the huge "sea," which weighed some 30 tons. The making of bulls for this purpose did not in any way violate the second commandment, which prohibit­ ed the making of objects for worship.—Exo­ dus 20:4, 5. 4:5—What was the total capacity of the molten sea? When filled, the sea could hold three thousand bath measures, or about 17,400 gallons. The normal level, however, was probably about two thirds of its capacity. First Kings 7:26 states: "Two thousand bath

measures [11,600 gallons] were what [the sea] would contain." 5:4, 5,1 0 —What furniture from the orig­ inal tabernacle became part of Solomon's temple? The only item from the original tent of meeting that was kept in Solomon's tem­ ple was the Ark. After the construction of the temple, the tabernacle was taken from Gibeon to Jerusalem and was apparently stored there.—2 Chronicles 1:3,4.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:11,12. Solomon's request showed Jeho­ vah that gaining wisdom and knowledge was close to the king's heart. Our prayers to God indeed reveal what is close to our heart. We are wise to analyze their content. 6:4. Heartfelt appreciation for Jehovah's loving-kindness and goodness should move us to bless Jehovah—that is, praise him with affection and gratitude. 6:18-21. Though God cannot be contained in any building, the temple was to serve as the center of Jehovah's worship. Today, King­ dom Halls of Jehovah's Witnesses are centers of true worship in the community. 6:19, 22, 32. Jehovah was accessible to all —from the king to the least ones in the na­ tion-even to a foreigner who came to him in earnest.*—Psalm 65:2.

SUCCESSION OF KINGS IN THE LINE OF DAVID (2 Chronicles 10:1-36:23) The united kingdom of Israel is divided in two—the northern ten-tribe kingdom and the southern two-tribe kingdom of Judah and Benjamin. The priests and the Levites in all Israel place loyalty to the Kingdom cove­ nant above nationalism and take their stand with Solomon's son Rehoboam. In a little * For questions pertaining to the inauguration of the temple and other lessons from Solomon's prayer on that occasion, see The Watchtower, July 1, 2005, pages 28-31. THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 1, 2005

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over 30 years after its completion, the temple is robbed of its treasures. Of the 19 kings who follow Rehoboam, 5 are faithful, 3 start out well but become un­ faithful, and one turns around from his wrong course. The rest of the rulers do what is bad in Jehovah's eyes.* The activities of the five kings who place their confidence in Je­ hovah are emphasized. The accounts of Hezekiah reviving temple services and Josiah ar­ ranging for a great Passover must have been of great encouragement to the Jews interest­ ed in reestablishing Jehovah's worship in Je­ rusalem.

ScripturalQuestionsAnswered: 13:5—What is meant by the expression “a covenant of salt"? Because of its preserv­ ing properties, salt became a symbol of per­ manence and immutability. "A covenant of salt," then, denotes a binding agreement. 14:2-5; 15:17—Did King Asa remove all "the high places"? Apparently, he did not. It may be that Asa removed only the high places associated with the worship of false gods but not those where people wor­ shipped Jehovah. It could also be that high places were built again in the latter part of Asa's reign. These his son Jehoshaphat re­ moved. Actually, the high places did not disappear completely, even during Jehoshaphat's reign.—2 Chronicles 17:5, 6; 20:31-33. 15:9; 34:6—What was the standing of the tribe of Simeon with respect to the division of the kingdom of Israel? Having received as an inheritance various enclaves in Judah, the tribe of Simeon was geographically within the kingdom of Judah and Benjamin. (Josh­ ua 19:1) Religiously and politically, how­ ever, the tribe aligned itself with the north­ ern kingdom. (1 Kings 11:30-33; 12:20-24) * For a chronological list of Judah's kings, see The Watchtower, August 1, 2005, page 12.

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THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 1, 2005

Hence, Simeon was counted with the tentribe kingdom. 16:13, 14—Was Asa cremated? No, the “extraordinarily great funeral burning” re­ fers, not to the cremation of Asa, but to the burning of spices.—Footnote. 35:3—From where did Josiah have the holy Ark brought into the temple? Whether the Ark was removed earlier by one of the wicked kings or was relocated by Josiah for safekeeping during the extensive repair work of the temple, the Bible does not say. The only historical reference to the Ark after Solo­ mon's day is when Josiah brought it into the temple.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 13:13-18; 14:11,12; 32:9-23. What a lesson we can learn about the importance of lean­ ing on Jehovah! 16:1-5, 7; 18:1-3, 28-32; 21:4-6; 22:10-12; 28:16-22. Alliances with foreigners or non­ believers have tragic consequences. We are wise to avoid any unnecessary involvement with the world.—John 17:14,16; James 4:4. 16:7-12; 26:16-21; 32:25, 26. Haughtiness caused King Asa to behave badly during the last years of his life. A haughty spirit led to Uzziah's downfall. Hezekiah acted unwisely and perhaps proudly when he showed Babylo­ nian emissaries his treasury. (Isaiah 39:1-7) "Pride is before a crash," warns the Bible, "and a haughty spirit before stumbling.” —Proverbs 16:18. 16:9. Jehovah helps those whose heart is complete toward him, and he is eager to use his power in their behalf. 18:12, 13, 23, 24, 27. Like Micaiah, we should be courageous and bold in speaking about Jehovah and his purposes. 19:1-3. Jehovah looks for the good in us even when we give him reasons to be angry with us.

Though he had limited help as a child, Josiah grew up to be faithful to Jehovah 20:1-28. We can be confident that Jehovah will let himself be found by us when we humbly turn to him for direction.—Proverbs 15:29. 20:17. To “see the salvation of Jehovah," we need to "take [our] position" in active sup­ port of God's Kingdom. Rather than take matters into our own hands, we must "stand still," placing our implicit trust in Jehovah. 24:17-19; 25:14. Idolatry proved to be a snare for Jehoash and his son Amaziah. To­ day, idolatry can be equally seductive, partic­ ularly when it comes in the subtle form of covetousness or nationalism.—Colossians 3:5; Revelation 13:4. 32:6, 7. We too must be courageous and strong as we "put on the complete suit of ar­ mor from God" and carry on spiritual war­ fare.—Ephesians 6:11-18. 3 3 :2 -9 ,1 2 ,1 3 ,1 5 ,1 6 . A person shows true repentance by abandoning a wrong course and putting forth a determined effort to do what is right. On the basis of genuine repen­ tance, even a person who has acted as wicked­ ly as King Manasseh can receive Jehovah's mercy.

34:1-3. Any negative circumstances of childhood need not prevent us from com­ ing to know God and serving him. A positive influence Josiah may have had during his early years could have come from his repentant grandfather, Manas­ seh. Whatever positive influences Josiah might have had eventually produced fine results. So it can be with us. 36:15-17. Jehovah is compassionate and patient. However, his compas­ sion and patience are not limitless. People must respond favorably to the Kingdom-preaching work if they are to survive when Jehovah brings an end to this wicked system of things. 36:17, 22, 23. Jehovah's word al­ ways comes true.—1 Kings 9:7, 8; Jeremiah 25:9-11.

Moved to Action by a Book "Josiah removed all the detestable things out of all the lands that belonged to the sons of Israel," states 2 Chronicles 34:33, "and he had all who were found in Israel take up ser­ vice, to serve Jehovah their God." What moved Josiah to do this? When Shaphan the secretary brought the newly discovered book of Jehovah's Law to King Josiah, the king had it read aloud. So touched was Josiah by what he heard that he zealously promoted pure worship throughout his life. Reading God's Word and meditating on what we read can affect us profoundly. Does not reflecting on the account of the kings in the Davidic line encourage us to imitate the examples of those who made Jehovah their confidence and avoid the conduct of those who did not? Second Chronicles stimulates us to give our exclusive devotion to the true God and remain faithful to him. Its message certainly is alive and exerts power.—Hebrews 4:12. THE WATCHTOWER • DECEM BER 1, 2005

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Ezra

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TH E TEM PLE IS REBUILT (Ezra 1 :1 -6 :2 2 ) In response to Cyrus' liberation decree, about 50,000 Jewish exiles return to Je­ rusalem under the leadership of Gover­ nor Zerubbabel, or Sheshbazzar. The re­ turnees promptly set up the altar on its site and begin to offer sacrifices to Jehovah. The following year the Israelites lay the foundation of the house of

Jehovah. Enemies keep interfering with the rebuilding work and eventually succeed in getting a royal command issued to halt the work. The prophets Haggai and Zechariah stir up the people so that they resume the temple construction despite the ban. The fear of op­ posing an unalterable Persian decree origi­ nally issued by Cyrus keeps their adversaries at bay. An official investigation brings to light Cyrus' order "concerning the house of God in Jerusalem." (Ezra 6:3) The work progresses well and comes to completion. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:3-6—Were the Israelites who did not volunteer to return to their homeland weak in faith? Some may not have returned to Je­ rusalem because they were materialistic or lacked appreciation for true worship, but this was not true in every case. First of all, the 1,000-mile journey to Jerusalem took four or five months. Moreover, settling in a land that had remained desolate for 70 years and doing the rebuilding work there would require much physical stamina. Therefore, unfavorable circumstances, such as physi­ cal ailments, advanced age, and family obli­ gations, undoubtedly prevented some from returning.

Cylinder: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum

HE Bible book of Ezra picks up where Sec­ ond Chronicles leaves off. Its writer, Ezra the priest, begins the account with the issu­ ing of a decree by King Cyrus of Persia that al­ lows a remnant of the Jews exiled in Babylon to return to their homeland. The narrative ends with Ezra's taking measures to cleanse those who have defiled themselves with the people of the land. All in all, the book covers a period of 70 years—from 537 to 467 B.C.E. In writing the book, Ezra has a clear objec­ tive: to show how Jehovah fulfilled His prom­ ise to free His people from exile in Babylon and to restore true worship in Jerusalem. Hence, Ezra focuses only on the events that pertain to this purpose. The book of Ezra is an account of how the temple was rebuilt and how Jehovah's worship was reestablished de­ spite opposition and the imperfection of God's people. The account is of great interest to us because we too are living in a time of restoration. Many are streaming to "the mountain of Jehovah," and the entire earth is about to be "filled with the knowing of the glory of Jehovah."—Isaiah 2:2, 3; Habakkuk 2:14.

2:43—Who were the Nethinim? These were people of non-Israelite origin who served as temple slaves or ministers. Among them were the descendants of the Gibeonites of Joshua's day and others “whom David and the princes gave to the service of the Levites." —Ezra 8:20. 2:55—Who were the sons of the servants of Solomon? These were non-Israelites who were given special privileges in Jehovah's ser­ vice. They may have served as scribes or copy­ ists at the temple or in some administrative capacity. 2:61-63—Were the Urim and the Thummim, which were used when an answer was needed from Jehovah, available to the re­ turning exiles? The claimants to priestly de­ scent who failed to establish their genealogy could have given legitimacy to their claim by using the Urim and the Thummim. Ezra mentions this only as a possibility. The Scrip­ tures contain no record of the use of the Urim and the Thummim then or thereafter. Jewish tradition has it that the Urim and the Thummim disappeared with the destruction of the temple in 607 B.C.E. 3:12—Why did "the old men that had seen the former house" of Jehovah weep? These men could remember how magnif­ icent the temple built by Solomon was. The groundwork of the new temple that was be­

fore them was "as nothing in [their] eyes" in comparison. (Haggai 2:2, 3) Would their ef­ forts bring back the glory of the former tem­ ple? They must have felt disheartened, and therefore they wept. 3:8-10; 4:23, 24; 6:15, 16—How many years did it take to rebuild the temple? The foundation of the temple was laid in 536 B.C.E.—"in the second year of their com­ ing." The building work stopped in the days of King Artaxerxes, in 522 B.C.E. The ban continued until 520 B.C.E., the second year of King Darius. The temple was completed in the sixth year of his reign, or 515 B.C.E. (See the box entitled "Persian Kings From 537 to 467 B.C.E.") Thus, the temple construction took about 20 years. 4:8-6:18 (4:8, footnote)—Why were these verses written in Aramaic? This portion largely contains copies of letters from govern­ ment officials to kings and their replies. Ezra copied them from public records written in Aramaic, the commercial and diplomatic lan­ guage of the day. Other parts of the Bible writ­ ten in this ancient Semitic language are Ezra 7: 12-26, Jeremiah 10:11, and Daniel 2:4b-7:28. Lessons for Us:__________________________ 1:2. What Isaiah prophesied some 200 years earlier came true. (Isaiah 44:28) Proph­ ecies in Jehovah's Word never fail.

PERSIAN KINGS FROM 537 TO 467 B.C.E. Cyrus the Great Cambyses, or Ahasuerus Artaxerxes—Bard iya or Gaumata Darius I Xerxes, or Ahasuerus* Artaxerxes Longimanus

(Ezra 1:1) (Ezra 4:6) (Ezra 4:7)

died in 530 B.C.E. 530-22 B.C.E. 522 B.C.E. (Assassinated after reigning only seven months) (Ezra 4:24) 522-486 B.C.E. 486-75 B.C.E. (Ruled as coregent with Darius I from 496-86 B.C.E.) (Ezra 7:1) 475-24 B.C.E. * Xerxes is not mentioned in the book of Ezra. He is referred to as Ahasuerus in the Bible book of Esther.

1:3-6. Like some of the Israelites who re­ mained in Babylon, many of Jehovah's Wit­ nesses cannot take up the full-time minis­ try or serve where the need is greater. Yet, they support and encourage those who can and make voluntary donations to further the Kingdom-preaching and disciple-making work. 3:1-6. In the seventh month of 537 B.C.E. (Tishri, corresponding to Septem ber/ October), the faithful returnees offered their first sacrifice. The Babylonians had entered Jerusalem in the fifth month (Ab, corre­ sponding to July/August) of 607 B.C.E., and two months later the city's desolation was complete. (2 Kings 25:8-17, 22-26) As fore­ told, Jerusalem's 70-year desolation ended right on time. (Jeremiah 25:11; 29:10) Any­ thing Jehovah's Word foretells always comes true. 4:1-3. The faithful remnant rejected an of­ fer that would have meant forming a reli­ gious alliance with false worshippers. (Exo­ dus 20:5; 34:12) Jehovah's worshippers today similarly take no part in any interfaith move­ ments. 5:1-7; 6:1-12. Jehovah can maneuver mat­ ters for the success of his people. 6:14, 22. Zealously sharing in Jehovah's work brings his approval and blessing. 6:21. Witnessing the progress of Jeho­ vah's work moved Samaritans who then lived in the Jewish homeland and returnees who had succumbed to pagan influences to make needed changes in their lives. Should we not enthusiastically participate in our God-assigned work, including the Kingdomproclamation work? EZRA COM ES TO JERUSALEM (Ezra 7 :1 -1 0 :4 4 ) Fifty years have elapsed since the rebuilt house of Jehovah was inaugurated. The year is 468 B.C.E. Taking along with him a rem­ nant of God's people and contributed funds,

Ezra goes from Babylon to Jerusalem. What does he find there? The princes tell Ezra: "The people of Israel and the priests and the Levites have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands as regards their detestable things." Moreover, "the hand of the princes and the deputy rulers has proved to be foremost in this unfaithfulness." (Ezra 9:1, 2) Ezra is shocked. He is encouraged to "be strong and act." (Ezra 10:4) Ezra takes corrective mea­ sures, and the people respond favorably. Scriptural Questions Answered: 7:1, 7,11—Do all these verses refer to the Artaxerxes who brought a halt to the build­ ing work? No. Artaxerxes is a name or title applied to two Persian kings. One was either Bardiya or Gaumata, who ordered the temple work stopped in 522 B.C.E. The Artaxerxes of the time when Ezra came to Jerusalem is Arta­ xerxes Longimanus. 7:28-8:20—Why were many Jews in Bab­ ylon reluctant to go up to Jerusalem with Ezra? Even though more than 60 years had passed since the first group of Jews had returned to their homeland, Jerusa­ lem was only sparsely settled. Returning to Jerusalem meant building a new life un­ der uncomfortable and dangerous circum­ stances. The Jerusalem of the day did not hold out attractive material prospects to the Jews who might have been prospering in

In O

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N ext Issu e

Money and Morals—A Lesson From History Jehovah Helped Me to Find Him "A Witness to All the Nations"

THE W ATCHTOW ER • JANUARY 15, 2006

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Babylon. Not to be overlooked was the dan­ gerous journey. The returnees had to have strong faith in Jehovah, zeal for true worship, and courage to make the move. Even Ezra strengthened himself according to the hand of Jehovah upon him. With Ezra's encour­ agement, 1,500 families—perhaps number­ ing 6,000 people—responded. After Ezra took additional initiatives, 38 Levites and 220 Nethinim responded. 9:1, 2—How serious a threat was inter­ marriage with the people of the land? The restored nation was to be the guardian of Je­ hovah's worship until the coming of the Messiah. Intermarriage with other inhabi­ tants was a real threat to true worship. Be­ cause some had formed marriage alliances with the idol-worshipping people, the entire nation might eventually be assimilated into the pagan nations. Pure worship could have vanished from the face of the earth. To whom, then, would the Messiah come? No wonder Ezra was stunned at seeing what had taken place! 10:3, 44—Why were the children put away along with the wives? If the children had stayed behind, the likelihood that the dismissed wives would return on account of them would have increased. Moreover, little children generally require the care of their mother. Lessons for Us:_______________________ 7:10. As a diligent student and effective teacher of God's Word, Ezra set an exam­ ple for us. He prayerfully prepared his heart to consult the Law of Jehovah. As he consulted it, Ezra gave his utmost attention to what Jehovah was saying. Ezra applied what he learned and exerted himself in teaching others. 7:13. Jehovah wants willing servants. 7:27, 28; 8:21-23. Ezra gave credit to Jehovah, made sincere entreaty to him

before making a long and dangerous trip to Jerusalem, and was willing to risk personal safety for the sake of God's glory. He thus set a fine example for us. 9:2. We must take seriously the admoni­ tion to marry "only in the Lord."—1 Corin­ thians 7:39. 9:14,15. Bad associations can lead to Jeho­ vah's disapproval. 10:2-12,44. The people who had taken for­ eign wives humbly repented and corrected their erroneous ways. Their attitude and ac­ tion were exemplary. Jehovah Keeps His Promises How valuable the book of Ezra is to us! Right on time, Jehovah fulfilled his promise to free his people from Babylonian exile and restore true worship in Jerusalem. Does that not strengthen our faith in Jehovah and his promises? Think of the examples the book of Ezra provides. Exemplary devotion to God was shown by Ezra and the remnant who re­ turned to have a share in the restoration of pure worship in Jerusalem. This book also highlights the faith of godly foreigners and the humble attitude of repentant wrong­ doers. Indeed, Ezra's inspired words furnish clear proof that "the word of God is alive and exerts power." —Hebrews 4:12.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Nehemiah

fire," Nehemiah is deeply dis­ WELVE years have passed turbed. He fervently prays to since the closing events God for direction. (Nehemiah recorded in the Bible book of 1:3,4) In time, the king notices Ezra took place. The time is Nehemiah's sadness, and the now near for 'The going forth way opens up for him to go to of the word to restore and Jerusalem. to rebuild Jerusalem"—the oc­ After arriving in Jerusalem, currence that marks the be­ Nehemiah inspects the wall ginning of the 70 weeks of under the cover of darkness, years leading up to the Messi­ and he reveals to the Jews ah. (Daniel 9:24-27) The book "A king's heart is as of Nehemiah is a history of streams of water in the his plan to rebuild the wall. Construction begins. So does God's people involving the re­ hand of Jehovah" opposition to the work. Un­ building of Jerusalem's wall. It der the courageous leadership of Nehemiah, covers a crucial period of over 12 years, from however, "at length the wall [comes] to com­ 456 B.C.E. to some time after 443 B.C.E. pletion."—Nehemiah 6:15. Written by Governor Nehemiah, the book is an exciting account of how true worship is Scriptural Questions Answered: exalted when resolute action is combined 1:1; 2:1—Is "the twentieth year" men­ with total reliance on Jehovah God. It clearly tioned in these two verses counted from the shows how Jehovah maneuvers matters to same reference point? Yes, the 20th year is have his will accomplished. It is also the story that of the reign of Artaxerxes the king. How­ of a strong and courageous leader. The mes­ ever, the method of counting used in these sage of the book of Nehemiah provides valu­ verses is different. Historical evidence points able lessons for all true worshippers today, to 475 B.C.E. as the year of Artaxerxes' as­ "for the word of God is alive and exerts pow­ cension to the throne. Since the Babylo­ er."—Hebrews 4:12. nian scribes customarily counted the years of the Persian kings' reign from Nisan (March/ "AT LENGTH THE W ALL CAM E April) to Nisan, Artaxerxes' first regnal year TO CO M PLETIO N " began in Nisan of 474 B.C.E. Hence, the 20th (Nehem iah 1:1 -6 :1 9 ) year of rulership mentioned at Nehemiah 2:1 Nehemiah is in Shushan the castle, serving began in Nisan of 455 B.C.E. The month of King Artaxerxes Longimanus in a trusted po­ Chislev (November/December) mentioned sition. Upon hearing the news that his peo­ at Nehemiah 1:1 logically was the Chis­ ple "are in a very bad plight and in reproach; lev of the preceding year—456 B.C.E. Ne­ hemiah refers to that month as also falling in and the wall of Jerusalem is broken down, the 20th year of Artaxerxes' reign. Perhaps in and its very gates have been burned with

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THE WATCHTOWER • FEBRUARY 1, 2006

Nehemiah—a man of action and tender feelings—comes to Jerusalem this case, he was count­ ing the years from the accession date of the monarch. It could also be that Nehemiah was counting time by what the Jews today call a civil year, which begins in the month of Tishri, correspond­ ing to September/October. In any case, the year in which the word went out to restore Je­ rusalem was 455 B.C.E. 4:17, 18—How could a man do the work of rebuilding with just one hand? For bur­ den bearers this would not be a problem. Once the load was placed on their head or shoulders, they could easily balance it with one hand "while the other hand was holding the missile." The builders who needed both hands to do their work "were girded, each one with his sword upon his hip, while build­ ing." They were ready to go into action in case of an enemy attack. 5:7—In what sense did Nehemiah begin "finding fault with the nobles and the dep­ uty rulers"? These men were exacting usury from their fellow Jews in violation of the Mo­ saic Law. (Leviticus 25:36; Deuteronomy 23: 19) Moreover, the interest the lenders were demanding was high. If demanded monthly, "the hundredth" would be equivalent to 12 percent a year. (Nehemiah 5:11) It was cru­ el to impose this on people already heavily burdened with taxes and a food shortage. Ne­ hemiah found fault with the rich in that, us­ ing God's Law, he reproved and rebuked them and thus exposed their wrongdoing. 6:5—Since confidential letters were usually placed in a sealed bag, why did Sanballat send "an open letter" to Nehemiah? San­ ballat may have intended to make public the false charges brought forth by sending them in an open

letter. Perhaps he hoped that this would an­ ger Nehemiah so much that he would leave the building work and come to defend him­ self. Or Sanballat may have thought that the contents of the letter would cause such alarm among the Jews that they would stop their work altogether. Nehemiah refused to be in­ timidated and calmly continued in his Godassigned work. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:4; 2:4; 4:4, 5. When faced with difficult situations or when making important deci­ sions, we should "persevere in prayer" and act in harmony with theocratic direction. —Romans 12:12. 1:11-2:8; 4:4, 5, 15, 16; 6:16. Jehovah an­ swers the sincere prayers of his servants. —Psalm 86:6, 7. 1:4; 4:19,20; 6:3,15. While Nehemiah was a man of tender feelings, he set a fine exam­ ple as a man of action who was firm for righ­ teousness. 1:11-2:3. Nehemiah's main source of joy was not his prestigious position as a cupbear­ er. It was the advancement of true worship. Should not Jehovah's worship and all that promotes it be our main concern and chief source of joy? 2:4-8. Jehovah caused Artaxerxes to grant Nehemiah permission to go and rebuild the wall of Jerusalem. "A king's heart is as streams of water in

the hand of Jehovah/' says Proverbs 21:1. "Everywhere that he delights to, he turns it." 3:5, 27. We should not consider manual work done in the interests of true worship be­ neath our dignity, as did the "majestic ones" of the Tekoites. Rather, we can imitate the common Tekoites who willingly expended themselves. 3:10, 23, 28-30. While some are able to move where the need for Kingdom proclaim­ ed is greater, many of us support true wor­ ship close to our home. We can do so by participating in Kingdom Hall construction work and disaster relief efforts but primarily by sharing in the Kingdom-preaching work. 4:14. When faced with opposition, we too can overcome fear by keeping in our mind "the great and the fear-inspiring One." 5:14-19. For Christian overseers, Gover­ nor Nehemiah is a splendid example of hu­ mility, unselfishness, and discretion. Though zealous in enforcing God's Law, he did not domineer over others for selfish gain. Rather, he showed concern for the oppressed and the poor. In displaying generosity, Nehemiah set an outstanding example for all of God's ser­ vants.

cure the city. He proceeds to make a genea­ logical record of the people. As all the people assemble "at the public square that was be­ fore the Water Gate," Ezra the priest reads the book of the Law of Moses, and Nehemiah and the Levites explain the Law to the peo­ ple. (Nehemiah 8:1) Learning about the Fes­ tival of Booths leads to their holding an ob­ servance of it with rejoicing. Another gathering follows, during which "the seed of Israel" make confession of na­ tional sins, the Levites review God's dealings with Israel, and the people take an oath "to walk in the law of the true God." (Nehemiah 9:1, 2; 10:29) Since Jerusalem is still under­ populated, lots are cast to have 1 of every 10 men living outside the city move into the city. Next, the wall is inaugurated with such spirit that "the rejoicing of Jerusalem [can] be heard far away." (Nehemiah 12:43) Twelve years after his arrival, Nehemiah leaves Jeru­ salem to return to his duties with Artaxerxes. Uncleanness soon creeps in among the Jews. Upon his return to Jerusalem, Nehemiah takes decisive action to correct the situation. For himself, he makes a humble request: "Do remember me, O my God, for good."—Nehe­ miah 13:31.

"DO REMEMBER ME, O MY GO D, FOR G O O D " (Nehem iah 7:1-13:31) As soon as Jerusalem's wall is completed, Nehemise­

Do you know how to 'put meaning into' Cod's Word?

Scriptural Questions Answered: 7:6-67—Why does Nehemiah's list of the remnant who returned to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel differ from Ezra's in individual figures for each household? (Ezra 2:1-65) The reason for these variations may be that Ezra and Nehemi­ ah used different source materi­ al. For example, the number of those who registered to re­ turn may have been different from the number who actually did return. The two records may also have differed because some

Jews who were unable to establish their gene­ alogy at the outset did so in time. Both ac­ counts, however, agree on one point: The number of initial returnees was 42,360, apart from slaves and singers. 10:34—Why were the people required to supply wood? The wood offering was not commanded in the Mosaic Law. This require­ ment stemmed strictly from the need. Large quantities of wood were needed in order to burn the sacrifices on the altar. Apparent­ ly, there were not enough Nethinim, who served as non-Israelite temple slaves. Hence, lots were cast to ensure a continuous supply of wood. 13:6, footnote—How long was Nehemiah absent from Jerusalem? The Bible says only that "sometime later," or "at the end of days," Nehemiah asked for a leave of absence from the king to return to Jerusalem. There­ fore, it is impossible to determine the length of his absence. Upon his return to Jerusalem, though, Nehemiah found that the priest­ hood was not being supported, nor was the Sabbath law being observed. Many had taken foreign wives, and their offspring did not even speak the language of the Jews. For con­ ditions to deteriorate so much, Nehemiah must have been gone for a long time. 13:25, 28—In addition to 'finding fault' with the backsliding Jews, what other cor­ rective measures did Nehemiah take? Nehe­ miah 'called down evil upon them' in that he recited against them the judgments found in God's Law. He 'struck some of them,' perhaps by ordering judicial action against them. As a symbol of his moral indignation, he 'pulled out some of their hair.' He also chased away the grandson of High Priest Eliashib, who had married a daughter of Sanballat the Horonite. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 8:8. As teachers of God's Word, we 'put meaning into it' by using good enunciation

and oral emphasis and by expounding on the Scriptures correctly, making clear their appli­ cation. 8:10. "The joy of Jehovah" comes from be­ ing conscious of and satisfying one's spiritu­ al need and from following theocratic di­ rection. How vital that we diligently study the Bible, regularly attend Christian meet­ ings, and zealously share in the Kingdom­ preaching and disciple-making work! 11:2. Leaving one's hereditary possession and moving into Jerusalem involved person­ al expense and some disadvantages. Those who volunteered to do this showed a selfsacrificing spirit. We too can show such a spirit when opportunities arise to volunteer our services in behalf of others at conven­ tions and on other occasions. 12:31, 38, 40-42. Singing is a fine way to praise Jehovah and express our gratitude to him. We should sing wholeheartedly at Christian gatherings. 13:4-31. We must be on guard against al­ lowing materialism, corruption, and aposta­ sy to make inroads into our lives. 13:22. Nehemiah was well-aware that he was accountable to God. We too need to be aware of our accountability to Jehovah. Jehovah's Blessing a Must! "Unless Jehovah him self builds the house," sang the psalmist, "it is to no avail that its builders have worked hard on it." (Psalm 127:1) How beautifully the book of Nehemiah illustrates the truth of those words! The lesson for us is clear. If we want to succeed in whatever endeavors we under­ take, we must have Jehovah's blessing. Can we really expect Jehovah to bless us unless we give true worship the first place in our lives? Like Nehemiah, then, let us make Je­ hovah's worship and its advancement our prime concern. THE WATCHTOWER • FEBRUARY 1, 2006

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Esther

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HE plan simply cannot fail. The massacre of the Jews will be thorough and efficient. On a single predetermined day, all the Jews liv­ ing in the empire, which stretches from India to Ethiopia, will be annihilated. That is what the planner of the scheme thinks. One vital detail, though, has escaped his attention. The God of the heavens can deliver his chosen peo­ ple out of any desperate situation. The deliver­ ance is recorded in the Bible book of Esther. Written by an elderly Jewish man named Mordecai, the book of Esther covers a peri­ od of some 18 years during the reign of the Persian King Ahasuerus, or Xerxes I. This dramatic narrative shows how Jeho­ vah saves his people from the evil designs of their enemies, even though his servants are widely dispersed throughout a vast em­ pire. Today, that knowledge is indeed faith­ strengthening to Jehovah's people, who are rendering sacred service to him in 235 lands. Moreover, the characters portrayed in the book of Esther provide examples for us to im­ itate and others that we want to avoid. In­ deed, "the word of God is alive and exerts power.''—Hebrews 4:12. TH E QUEEN MUST IN TERCEDE (Esther 1:1 -5 :1 4 ) In his third regnal year (493 B.C.E.), King Ahasuerus holds a royal banquet. 8

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1,2006

Queen Vashti, renowned for her loveliness, incurs the king's great displeasure and is deprived of her rank. The Jewess Hadassah is selected from all the beau­ tiful virgins of the land to take her place. At her cous­ in Mordecai's direction, she conceals her Jewish iden­ tity and uses her Persian name, Esther. In time, a haughty man named Haman is exalted to the position of prime minister. Haman is enraged at Mor­ decai's refusal to 'bow low or prostrate him­ self to Haman,' so he schemes to annihilate all the Jews in the Persian Empire. (Esther 3:2) Haman persuades Ahasuerus to agree with him and succeeds in getting the king to issue a decree to accomplish this massacre. Mordecai is in "sackcloth and ashes." (Esther 4:1) Esther must now intervene. She invites the king and his prime minister to a private banquet. When they gladly attend, Esther petitions them to come for another banquet the next day. Haman is joyful. However, he is infuriated by Mordecai's refusal to honor him. Haman lays out a plan to kill Mordecai before the banquet the next day. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:3-5—Did the banquet last for 180 days? The text does not state that the banquet last­ ed that long but that the king showed the of­ ficials the riches and the beauty of his glori-

ous kingdom for 180 days. Perhaps the king used this lengthy event to show off the glory of his kingdom in order to impress the no­ bles and convince them of his ability to car­ ry out his plans. In that case, verses 3 and 5 could refer to the 7-day banquet that took place at the end of the 180-day gathering. 1:8—In what way was there 'no one compelling as regards the time of drink­ ing according to the law'? On this occa­ sion, King Ahasuerus made an exception to what appears to have been a Persian custom of urging one another to drink a certain amount at such gatherings. "They could drink as much or as little as they desired," says one reference work. 1:10-12—Why did Queen Vashti keep re­ fusing to come to the king? Some scholars suggest that the queen refused to obey be­ cause she chose not to degrade herself be­ fore the king's drunken guests. Or perhaps this outwardly beautiful queen really was not submissive. While the Bible does not state her motive, the wise men of the day thought that obedience to the husband was definitely an issue and that Vashti's bad ex­ ample would influence all the wives in the provinces of Persia. 2:14-17—Did Esther have immoral sexu­ al relations with the king? The answer is no. The account says that in the morning the other women brought to the king were returned to the second house under the charge of the king's eunuch, "the guardian of the concubines.” The women who spent the night with the king thus became his concubines, or secondary wives. However, Esther was not taken to the house of concu­ bines after seeing the king. When Esther was brought before Ahasuerus, "the king came to love Esther more than all the oth­ er women, so that she gained more fa­ vor and loving-kindness before him than

all the other virgins." (Esther 2:17) How did she gain Ahasuerus' "favor and loving­ kindness"? The same way she had won the favor of others. "The young woman was pleasing in [Hegai's] eyes, so that she gained loving-kindness before him." (Esther 2:8, 9) Hegai favored her strictly on the basis of what he observed—her appearance and good qualities. In fact, "Esther was continu­ ally gaining favor in the eyes of everyone seeing her." (Esther 2:15) Similarly, the king was impressed with what he saw in Esther and therefore came to love her. 3:2; 5:9—Why did Mordecai refuse to bow down to Haman? It was not wrong for the Israelites to acknowledge the superior position of an exalted personage by prostrat­ ing themselves. However, in the case of Ha­ man, more was involved. Haman was an Agagite, probably an Amalekite, and Jeho­ vah had marked Amalek for extermination. (Deuteronomy 25:19) For Mordecai, bowing down to Haman was an issue of integrity to Jehovah. He flatly refused, stating that he was a Jew.—Esther 3:3,4. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 2:10, 20; 4:12-16. Esther accepted direc­ tion and counsel from a mature worshipper of Jehovah. We are wise to "be obedient to those who are taking the lead among [us] and be submissive."—Hebrews 13:17. 2:11; 4:5. We should 'keep an eye, not in personal interest upon just our own matters, but also in personal interest upon those of the others.'—Philippians 2:4. 2:15. Esther showed modesty and selfcontrol by not requesting additional jewelry or finer clothing than what was provided by Hegai. It was "the secret person of the heart in the incorruptible apparel of the quiet and mild spirit" that won Esther the king's favor. —1 Peter 3:4. THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1, 2006

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2:21-23. Esther and Mordecai were good examples of "subjection to the superior au­ thorities."—Romans 13:1. 3:4. In some situations, it may be prudent to remain silent about our identity, as Esther was about hers. However, when it comes to taking a stand on important issues, such as Jehovah's sovereignty and our integrity, we must not be afraid to make known that we are Jehovah's Witnesses. 4:3. When faced with trials, we should prayerfully turn to Jehovah for strength and wisdom. 4:6-8. Mordecai sought a legal solution to the threat created by Haman's conspiracy. —Philippians 1:7. 4:14. Mordecai's confidence in Jehovah was exemplary. Esther and Mordecai before Ahasuerus

4:16. With full reliance on Jehovah, Esther faithfully and courageously faced a situation that could have resulted in her death. It is vi­ tal that we learn to rely on Jehovah and not on ourselves. 5:6-8. In order to win the goodwill of Ahasuerus, Esther invited him to a second banquet. She acted with prudence, as we should.—Proverbs 14:15. ONE REVERSAL AFTER AN O THER (Esther 6 :1 -1 0 :3 ) As the events unfold, the tables turn. Haman is hanged on the stake that he has made for Mordecai, and the intended victim be­ comes the prime minister! What about the planned massacre of the Jews? That too must undergo a dramatic reversal. Faithful Esther speaks up again. Risking her life, she appears before the king with a plea in order to find some way to undo the scheme of Haman. Ahasuerus knows what needs to be done. So when the day of their massacre finally arrives, not the Jews, but

those seeking to harm them are killed. Mordecai decrees that the Festival of Purim be held each year to commemorate this great deliverance. As second only to King Ahasuerus, Mordecai 'works for the good of his peo­ ple and speaks peace to all their offspring.' —Esther 10:3. Scriptural Questions Answered: 7:4—How would an annihilation of the Jews bring "damage to the king"? By tact­ fully pointing out the possibility of selling the Jews as slaves, Esther brought to the fore the matter of damage to the king by their de­ struction. The 10,000 silver pieces that Haman had promised were far less profitable to the king's treasury than the wealth that could have been generated if Haman had schemed to sell the Jews as slaves. The execu­ tion of the plot would also have meant the loss of the queen. 7:8—Why did court officials cover Haman's face? This was likely to suggest shamefulness or impending doom. Accord­ ing to one reference work, "the ancients sometimes covered the heads of those about to be executed." 8:17—In what way were 'many of the peoples of the land declaring themselves Jews'? Many of the Persians evidently be­ came Jewish proselytes, thinking that the counterdecree was an indication of God's fa­ vor upon the Jews. The same principle is in operation in the fulfillment of a prophecy found in the book of Zechariah. It states: "Ten men out of all the languages of the na­ tions will take hold, yes, they will actually take hold of the skirt of a man who is a Jew, saying: 'We will go with you people, for we have heard that God is with you people.'" —Zechariah 8:23. 9 :1 0 ,1 5 ,1 6 —Even though the decree au­ thorized plundering of the spoil, why did the Jews refrain from doing so? Their refus­

al left no doubt that their purpose was selfpreservation, not self-enrichment. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 6:6-10. "Pride is before a crash, and a haughty spirit before stumbling."—Proverbs 16:18. 7:3, 4. Do we courageously identify our­ selves as Jehovah's Witnesses, even though doing so may mean persecution? 8:3-6. We can and should appeal to gov­ ernmental authorities and judicial courts for protection from enemies. 8:5. Esther tactfully did not mention the king's responsibility in the decree designed to annihilate her people. Similarly, we need to be tactful when giving a witness to high officials. 9:22. We should not forget the poor among us.—Galatians 2:10. Jehovah Will Provide "Relief and Deliverance" Mordecai alludes to God's purpose in Es­ ther's attaining royal dignity. When threat­ ened, the Jews fast and pray for help. The queen appears before the king uninvited and is favorably received each time. The king cannot fall asleep precisely on the criti­ cal night. Indeed, the book of Esther is about Jehovah's maneuvering of events for the benefit of his people. The exciting account of Esther is of partic­ ular encouragement to us living in "the time of the end." (Daniel 12:4) "In the final part of the days," or in the final part of the time of the end, Gog of Magog—Satan the Dev­ il-w ill make an all-out attack on Jehovah's people. His aim will be nothing less than ex­ termination of true worshippers. But as in Esther's day, Jehovah will provide "relief and deliverance" for his worshippers.—Ezekiel 38:16-23; Esther 4:14. TH E W ATCHTOW ER • M ARCH 1, 2006

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Job

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HE patriarch Job resides in the land of Uz, now in Arabia. A large number of Israel­ ites live in Egypt at the time. Though not an Israelite himself, Job is a worshipper of Jeho­ vah God. Concerning him, the Bible says: "There is no one like him in the earth, a man blameless and upright, fearing God and turn­ ing aside from bad." (Job 1:8) This must be the period between the lives of two outstand­ ing servants of Jehovah—Jacob's son Joseph and the prophet Moses. Moses, who is thought to have written the book of Job, probably learned about Job when he spent 40 years in Midian, which is near the land of Uz. Moses could have heard about Job's final years when the Israelites were near Uz, toward the end of their 40-year sojourn in the wilderness.* Job's experience is so beautifully set out in written form that the account is considered to be a literary mas­ terpiece. More than that, though, it answers such questions as: Why do good people suf­ fer? Why does Jehovah permit wickedness to exist? Can imperfect humans maintain their integrity to God? As a part of the inspired Word of God, the message of the book of Job is alive and exerts power even today.—He­ brews 4:12. 'LET TH E DAY OF MY BIRTH PERISH' (Job 1 :1 -3 :2 6 ) One day Satan challenges Job's integrity before God. Jehovah accepts the challenge and allows Satan to bring upon Job one calamity after another. But Job refuses to "curse God."—Job 2:9. * The book of Job covers a period of more than 140 years, between 1657 and 1473 B.C.E.

Job's three companions arrive to "sympa­ thize with him." (Job 2:11) They sit with him without speaking a word until Job breaks the silence by saying: "Let the day perish on which I came to be born." (Job 3:3) He wishes to be "like children that have seen no light," or who were stillborn.—Job 3: 11,16. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:4—Did Job's children observe birth­ days? No, they did not. The original-

language words for "day" and "birthday" are different, each having its own meaning. (Genesis 40:20) At Job 1:4, the word "day" is used, denoting an interval of time from sun­ rise to sunset. The seven sons of Job appar­ ently held a seven-day family gathering once a year. As they made the circuit, each son was the host of the banquet held at his house on "his own day.” 1:6; 2 :1 —W ho were allowed to enter before Jehovah? Among those who took

their stand before Jehovah were God's onlybegotten Son, the Word; the faithful angels; and disobedient angelic 'sons of God,' including Satan the Devil. (John 1:1, 18) Satan and his demons were not ousted from heaven until shortly after the establishment of God's Kingdom in 1914. (Reve­ lation 12:1-12) By permit­ ting them to enter be­ fore him, Jehovah brought

before all spirit creatures Satan's challenge and the issues it raised.

"I SHALL NOT TAKE AWAY MY INTEGRITY FROM MYSELF!"

1:7; 2 :2 —Did Jehovah speak to Satan di­ rectly? The Bible does not give much detail

(jo b 4 :1 -3 1 :4 0 ) The basic point that Job's three compan­ ions make in their speeches is that Job must have done something very bad to receive such severe punishment from God. Eliphaz takes the lead. Bildad follows Eliphaz, using language that is more biting. Zophar is even more scathing. Job does not accept the false reasoning of his visitors. Unable to understand why God has permitted his suffering, he becomes overly concerned about justifying himself. Still, Job loves God and exclaims: "Until I ex­ pire I shall not take away my integrity from myself!"—Job 27:5.

about how Jehovah communicates with spir­ it creatures. However, the prophet Micaiah had a vision in which he saw an angel com­ municate directly with Jehovah. (1 Kings 22: 14,19-23) It would seem, then, that Jehovah talked to Satan without an intermediary. 1:21—In what way could Job return to his "m other's belly"? Since Jehovah God

formed man "out of dust from the ground," the term "mother" is here used figuratively to refer to the earth.—Genesis 2:7. 2 :9 —W hat frame of mind might Job's wife have been in when she told her hus­ band to curse God and die? Job's wife had

suffered the same losses as her husband. It must have pained her to see her once active husband brought low by a loathsome dis­ ease. She had lost her beloved children. She may have been so distraught because of all of this that she lost sight of what was truly im­ portant—their relationship with God. Lessons for Us:__________________________ 1:8-11; 2:3-5. As shown in Job's case,

along with proper action and speech, integ­ rity calls for the right motive for serving Je­ hovah. 1:21, 22. By remaining loyal to Jehovah under favorable as well as unfavorable cir­ cumstances, we can prove Satan a liar.—Prov­ erbs 27:11. 2:9,10. Like Job, we should remain firm in faith even if family members do not value our spiritual pursuits or pressure us to com­ promise or give up our faith. 2:13. Job's companions had nothing com­ forting to say about God and his promises because they lacked spirituality. 14

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2006

Scriptural Questions Answered: 7:1; 14:14—W hat is meant by "compulso­ ry labor" or "compulsory service"? Job's

distress was so severe that he thought of life as hard, arduous compulsory labor. (Job 10: 17, footnote) Since the time one spends in Sheol—from the time of one's death to the resurrection—is an enforced period, Job lik­ ened that time to compulsory service. 7:9,10; 10:21; 16:22—Do these statements indicate that Job did not believe in the res­ urrection? These are comments about Job's

immediate future. What, then, did he mean? One possibility is that if he should die, none of his contemporaries would see him. From their standpoint, he would neither return to his house nor get further acknowledgment until God's appointed time. Job might also have meant that no one can come back from Sheol on his own. That Job hoped in a future resurrection is clear from Job 14:13-15. 10:10—How did Jehovah 'pour Job out as milk and curdle him like cheese'? This is a

poetic description of how Job was formed in his mother's womb.

19:20—W hat did Job mean by the ex­ pression "I escape with the skin of my teeth"? By saying that he escaped with the

skin of something that apparently has no skin, Job might have been saying that he es­ caped with practically nothing. Lessons for Us: 4:7,8; 8:5, 6; 11:13-15. We must not quick­ ly assume that a person in distress is reaping what he has sown and does not have God's approval. 4:18, 19; 22:2, 3. Our counsel should be based on God's Word, not on personal opin­ ion.—2 Timothy 3:16. 10:1. Bitterness blinded Job, so that he did not consider other possible reasons for his suffering. We must not become bitter when undergoing suffering, especially since we have a clear understanding of the issues in­ volved. 14:7,13-15; 19:25; 33:24. During any test that Satan may thrust upon us, the resurrec­ tion hope can sustain us. 16:5; 19:2. Our words should encourage and strengthen others, not irritate them. —Proverbs 18:21. 22:5-7. Counsel given on the basis of accu­ sations that lack solid evidence is valueless and damaging. 27:2; 30:20,21. Maintaining integrity does not require perfection. Job wrongly criticized God. 27:5. Only Job could take away his own in­ tegrity because integrity is dependent upon one's love for God. We should therefore cul­ tivate strong love for Jehovah. 28:1-28. Man knows where earth's treasures are. As he searches for them, his ingenuity takes him to under­ ground pathways that no farsight­ ed bird of prey can see. Godly wisdom, though, comes from fearing Jehovah.

29:12-15. We should willingly extend loving-kindness to those in need. 31:1,9-28. Job set an example for us in that he avoided flirting, adultery, unfair and un­ merciful treatment of others, materialism, and idolatry. "I DO REPENT IN DUST AN D ASHES" (Job 3 2 :1 -4 2 :1 7 ) A young bystander named Elihu has pa­ tiently been listening to the debate. Now he speaks up. He corrects Job and his three tor­ mentors. As soon as Elihu finishes, Jehovah answers from a windstorm. He gives no explanation for Job's suffering. By asking a series of questions, however, the Almighty makes Job aware of His awesome power and great wis­ dom. Job admits that he has spoken without understanding and says: "I make a retraction, and I do repent in dust and ashes." (Job 42:6) As Job's trial ends, his integrity is rewarded. Scriptural Questions Answered: 32:1-3—W hen did Elihu arrive? Since Eli­ hu heard all the speeches, he must have tak­ en a seat within hearing distance sometime before Job spoke and ended the seven-day si­ lence of his three companions.—Job 3:1,2. 34:7—How was Job like a man "who drinks up derision like water"? In his dis­

tressed state, Job was inclined to take the ridi­ cule of his three visitors as directed toward him, although they were really speaking against God. (Job 42:7) Thus, he was taking

in derision like someone who drinks water with enjoyment. Lessons for Us:__________________________ 32:8, 9. Wisdom does not come with age alone. It requires understanding of God's Word and the guidance of his spirit. 34:36. Integrity is proved by our being 'tested to the limit' in some way. 35:2. Elihu listened carefully and pin­ pointed the real issue before speaking. (Job 10:7; 16:7; 34:5) Prior to giving counsel, Christian elders must carefully listen, get the facts, and clearly understand the pertinent is­ sues.—Proverbs 18:13. 37:14; 38:1-39:30. Reflecting upon Jeho­ vah's wonderful works—expressions of his

power and wisdom—humbles us and helps us to see that the vindication of his sover­ eignty is more important than any of our personal interests.—Matthew 6:9,10. 40:1-4. When we feel inclined to complain against the Almighty, we should 'put our hand over our mouth.' 40:15-41:34. What power Behemoth (the hippopotamus) and Leviathan (the croco­ dile) have! To endure in God's service, we too need strength from the Maker of these pow­ erful beasts, who imparts power to us.—Philippians4:13. 42:1-6. Hearing Jehovah's word and being reminded of the manifestation of his power helped Job to "behold God," or see the truth about him. (Job 19:26) This adjusted his thinking. When corrected Scripturally, we should be eager to acknowledge our error and make adjustments. Cultivate "the Endurance of Job" The book of Job clearly shows that God is not responsible for human suffering. Satan is. God's permission of wickedness on earth affords us an opportunity to give a personal answer as to where we stand on the issues of Jehovah's sovereignty and our integrity. Like Job, all those who love Jehovah will be tested. The account of Job gives us confi­ dence that we can endure. It reminds us that our problems will not last forever. "You have heard of the endurance of Job and have seen the outcome Jehovah gave," says James 5:11. Jehovah rewarded Job for be­ ing an integrity keeper. (Job 42:10-17) “ What a grand hope is set before us —everlasting life in Paradise on earth! Like Job, let us therefore be deter­ mined to maintain our integrity. —Hebrews 11:6.

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From Book One of Psalms

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HAT would be an appropriate title for a Bible book that consists mostly of praises to our Creator, Jehovah God? No name could be more fitting than Psalms, or Praises. This longest book of the Bible con­ tains beautifully composed songs that re­ count God's wonderful qualities and mighty acts and relate numerous prophecies. Many of the songs express the emotions their writ­ ers felt while suffering adversity. These ex­ pressions span a period of some one thou­ sand years—from the days of the prophet Moses to postexilic times. The writers were Moses, King David, and others. The priest Ezra is credited with arranging the book in its final form. From antiquity, the book of Psalms has been divided into five collections, or sec­ tions, of songs: (1) Psalms 1-41, (2) Psalms 4272, (3) Psalms 73-89, (4) Psalms 90-106, and (5) Psalms 107-150. This article considers the first collection. All but three psalms in this section are attributed to King David of an­ cient Israel. The composers of Psalms 1, 10, and 33 are not identified. "MY G O D IS MY ROCK" (Psalm 1 :1 -2 4 :1 0 ) After the first psalm declares happy the man who takes delight in the law of Jeho­ vah, the second leads right into the Kingdom theme.* * Psalm 2 has an initial fulfillment in David's day.

David composed most of the first 41 psalms Stars: Courtesy United States Naval Observatory

Entreaties to God dominate this group of psalms. Psalms 3-5, 7, 12, 13, and 17, for ex­ ample, are petitions for deliverance from en­ emies. Psalm 8 highlights Jehovah's great­ ness in comparison with man's littleness. Describing Jehovah as the Protector of his people, David sings out: "My God is my rock. I shall take refuge in him." (Psalm 18:2) Jeho­ vah is praised as the Creator and the Lawgiver in Psalm 19, as the Savior in Psalm 20, and as the Savior of his anointed King in Psalm 21. Psalm 23 depicts him as the Great Shepherd, whereas the 24th Psalm portrays him as the glorious King. Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:1, 2—What "empty thing" do the na­ tions keep muttering? The "empty thing" is the constant concern of human govern­ ments to keep perpetuating their own au­ thority. This is empty because their pur­ pose is doomed to failure. Can the national groups really hope to succeed when they take their stand "against Jehovah and against his anointed one"? 2:7—What is "the decree of Jeho­ vah"? This decree is the covenant for a Kingdom, which Jeho­ vah has made with his beloved Son, Jesus Christ.—Luke 22: 28, 29. 2:12—In what way can the rulers of the nations "kiss the son"? In Bible times, kissing was an expres­ sion of friendship and faith­ fulness. It was a way to wel­ come guests. The kings of the THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 2006

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made of gold suggests that his reign is of the earth are commanded to kiss the Son—that is, welcome him as the Messianic King. highest quality. 3 .-superscription—What is the purpose 22:1, 2—Why might David have felt that of the heading given to some of the Jehovah had left him? David was under psalms? The heading sometimes identi­ such intense pressure from his enemies that fies the writer and/or provides information his 'heart became like wax and melted deep about the circumstances under which the in his inward parts.' (Psalm 22:14) It may psalm was composed, as is the case with have seemed to him that Jehovah had aban­ Psalm 3. The superscription may also explain doned him. When impaled, Jesus also felt the purpose or use of the particular song this way. (Matthew 27:46) David's words re­ (Psalms 4 and 5) as well as give musical in­ flect his human reaction to his desperate sit­ structions (Psalm 6). uation. From his prayer recorded at Psalm 3:2—What is “Selah"? This term is gener­ 22:16-21, however, it is evident that David ally thought to represent a pause for silent had not lost faith in God. meditation, either in the singing alone or in Lessons for Us:__________________________ the singing and instrumental music. The pause was used to make the thought or emo­ 1:1. Association with those who do not tion just expressed more impressive. There is love Jehovah should be avoided.—1 Corin­ no need to read the word aloud during public thians 15:33. reading of the Psalms. 1:2. We must not let a day pass by without 11:3—What foundations are torn down? considering spiritual matters.—Matthew 4:4. These are the very foundations on which hu­ 4:4. When angry or wrathful, we are wise man society rests—law, order, and justice. to hold our tongue so as not to say some­ When these are in disarray, social disorder thing we will regret later.—Ephesians 4:26. prevails and there is no justice. Under such 4:5. Our spiritual sacrifices are "sacrifices conditions, "anyone righteous" must fully of righteousness" only if they stem from trust in God.—Psalm 11:4-7. right motives and our conduct measures up 21:3—What is significant about "a crown to Jehovah's requirements. of refined gold"? Whether the crown was lit­ 6:5. What better reason could there be to eral or was symbolic of added glory because want to keep living?—Psalm 115:17. of David's many victories is not stated. How­ 9:12. Jehovah looks for bloodshed in order ever, this verse prophetically points to the to punish the bloodguilty, but he remembers crown of kingship that Jesus received from Jehovah in 1914. The fact that the crown is "the outcry of the afflicted ones."

Do you know which psalm portrays Jehovah as the Great Shepherd?

15:2, 3; 24:3-5. True worshippers must sins, he admits: "When I kept silent my speak the truth and avoid false oaths and bones wore out through my groaning all day slander. long." (Psalm 32:3) To Jehovah's loyal ones, David gives the assurance: "The eyes of Jeho­ 15:4. Unless we come to the realization vah are toward the righteous ones, and his that we have made an unscriptural promise, ears are toward their cry for help."—Psalm we should do all we can to fulfill our word, 34:15. even if it is very difficult to do so. How valuable the advice given in Psalm 37 15:5. As Jehovah's worshippers, we need to was to the Israelites and is to us, living as we guard against misuse of money. do in "the last days" of this system of things! 17:14, 15. The "men of this system of (2 Timothy 3:1-5) Speaking prophetically of things" devote themselves to making a good Jesus Christ, Psalm 40:7, 8 states: "Here I have living, raising a family, and leaving behind come, in the roll of the book it being written an inheritance. David's main concern in life about me. To do your will, O my God, I have was to make a good name with God so as to delighted, and your law is within 'behold his face,' or to experience my inward parts." The final Jehovah's favor. Upon "awak­ If inanimate creation gives ^ psalm of the collection is ening" to Jehovah's prom­ glory to Jehovah, how much about David's request for Je­ ises and assurances, David more so should we! hovah's help during the tur­ would feel 'satisfied to see bulent years following his sin His form,' or rejoice in Jeho with Bath-sheba. He sings: "As for vah's presence with him. Like Da­ me, because of my integrity you have upheld vid, should we not set our heart on spiritual me."—Psalm 41:12. treasures? 19:1-6. If creation, which can neither speak nor reason, gives glory to Jehovah, how much more should we who can think, talk, and worship do so?—Revelation 4:11. 19:7-11. Jehovah's requirements—how good they are for us! 19:12,13. Mistakes and presumptuous acts are sins to guard against. 19:14. We should be concerned not only about what we do but also about what we say and think. "BECAUSE OF MY INTEGRITY YOU HAVE U PHELD ME" (Psalm 2 5 :1 -4 1 :1 3 ) What heartfelt desire and strong determi­ nation to keep his integrity David expresses in the first two psalms of this group! "As for me, in my integrity I shall walk," he sings. (Psalm 26:11) In his prayer for forgiveness of Stars, pages 18 and 19: Courtesy United States Naval Observatory

Scriptural Questions Answered: 26:6—How do we, like David, figuratively march around Jehovah's altar? The altar represents Jehovah's will in accepting the ransom sacrifice of Jesus Christ for the re­ demption of mankind. (Hebrews 8:5; 10:510) We march around Jehovah's altar by exer­ cising faith in that sacrifice. 29:3-9—What is portrayed by likening the voice of Jehovah to a thunderstorm that inspires awe as it travels? Simply this: Jeho­ vah's awesome power! 31:23—How is a haughty person reward­ ed exceedingly? The reward here is punish­ ment. A righteous one receives his reward for his unintentional mistakes in the form of dis­ cipline from Jehovah. Since a haughty person does not turn back from his wrong course, he is rewarded exceedingly with severe punish­ ment.—Proverbs 11:31; 1 Peter 4:18. THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 2006

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33:6; footnote—What is "the spirit/' or "breath/' of Jehovah's mouth? This spirit * is God's active force, or holy spirit, which he used in creating the material heavens. (Genesis 1:1, 2) It is called the spirit of his mouth because, like a powerful breath, it can be sent forth to accomplish things at a dis­ tance. 35:19—What is the meaning of David's request not to let those hating him wink their eye? The winking of an eye would indi­ cate that David's enemies were deriving plea­ sure from the success of their spiteful plans against him. David requested that this not happen.

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to obey him because of our understanding of his will. 33:17-19. No man-made system, regardless of how strong, can bring about salvation. Our trust must be in Jehovah and his King­ dom arrangement. 34:10. What reassurance this is to those who put Kingdom interests first in their lives! 39:1, 2. When the wicked seek informa­ tion to bring harm to our fellow believers, we are wise To set a muzzle as a guard to our mouth' and remain silent. 40:1, 2. Hoping in Jehovah can help us cope with depression and come "out of a roaring pit, out of the mire of the sediment." 40:5, 12. Neither calamities nor personal shortcomings, no matter how many, will overwhelm us if we do not lose sight of the fact that our blessings 'are more numerous than we can recount.'

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 26:4. We are wise to avoid association with those who hide their identity in Internet chat rooms, those at school or at our place of work who pretend to be our friends for devious reasons, apostates who put on a mask of sincerity, and those "Blessed Be Jehovah" who live a double life. How comforting and encour­ 26:7, 12; 35:18; 40:9. We aging are the 41 psalms in must praise Jehovah publicly at the first collection! Whether Christian gatherings. we are suffering trials or are 26:8; 27:4. Do we love to at­ plagued by a bad conscience, tend Christian meetings? we are able to draw strength 26:11. While expressing his and e nc our age me nt from determination to keep his in­ this portion of God's power­ tegrity, David also made a re­ ful Word. (Hebrews 4:12) These quest for redemption. Yes, we can psalms contain information that maintain our integrity despite our provides sound guidance in liv­ imperfection. ing. We are repeatedly assured Do not let a day go by 29:10; footnote. By sitting that regardless of the difficul­ without considering upon "the deluge," or "heavenly ty we find ourselves in, Jehovah spiritual matters ocean," Jehovah indicates that will not forsake us. he is in full control of his power. The first collection of psalms 30:5. Jehovah's dominant quality is love ends with the words: "Blessed be Jehovah the —not anger. God of Israel from time indefinite even to time indefinite. Amen and Amen." (Psalm 32:9. Jehovah does not want us to be like a mule or an ass that obeys because of a bridle 41:13) After considering them, are we not or a whip. Rather, he desires that we choose moved to bless, or praise, Jehovah? 20

THE WATCHTOWER • MAY 15, 2006

Stars: Courtesy United States Naval Observatory

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From Book Two of Psalms

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S Je h o va h 's servants, w e exp ect tria ls and tests to c o m e o u r w ay. "A ll th o s e d e s irin g to liv e w ith g o d ly d e v o tio n in associa­ tio n w ith C h ris t Jesus w ill also be p ersecuted ," w ro te th e ap ostle P aul. (2 T im o ­ th y 3:12) W h a t w ill h e lp us to e n d u re tria ls and p er­ sec utions, th e re b y p ro v in g o u r in te g rity to G od ? T h e second o f th e fiv e c o l­ le c tio n s o f p salm s p ro vid e s th a t h e lp . Psalm s 42 to 72 sh o w us th a t if w e w a n t to e n d u re tria ls successfully, w e m u s t p u t o u r c o m p le te c o n fid e n c e in Je h o va h and le a rn to w a it o n h im fo r d eliverance. W h a t a va lu a b le lesson th a t is fo r us! T h e m essage o f B o ok T w o o f Psalm s, lik e th e rest o f G od 's W o rd , is in d e e d "a liv e and exerts p o w e r” even today. —H eb rew s 4:12.

P sa lm 45, a song a b o u t a k in g ly w e d ­ d ing , is p ro p h e tic o f th e M e ssian ic K in g . T h e fo l­ lo w in g th re e p salm s p o r­ tra y Je h o va h as "a refug e and s tre n g th ,” "a g reat K in g ove r a ll th e e a rth ," and "a secure h e ig h t." (P salm 46:1; 47:2; 4 8 :3 ) H o w b e a u tifu lly P sa lm 49 show s th a t n o m a n "c a n b y a n y m e ans red eem eve n a b ro th e r"! (P salm 49 :7) T h e firs t e ig h t p salm s o f th e second c o lle c tio n are a ttrib u te d to th e sons o f K orah. T h e n in th , P salm 50, is a c o m ­ p o s itio n o f A saph. Scriptural Questions Answered: 44:19—What was "the place of jackals"?

T h e p sa lm ist w as perhaps re fe rrin g to a b a t­ tle fie ld , w h e re th o se sla in b ecom e fo o d fo r jackals. 4 5 :1 3 ,14a—Who is "the king's daughter" who "will be brought to the king"? She is th e d a u g h te r o f th e "K in g o f e te rn ity ," Je h o ­ JEHOVAH IS OUR va h G od. (R e ve la tio n 15:3) She represents "REFUGE AN D STRENGTH" th e g lo rifie d c o n g re g a tio n o f 144,000 C h ris ­ (Psalm 4 2 :1 -5 0 :2 3 ) tian s, w h o m Je h o va h adopts as h is c h ild re n A L e vite is in e xile . Saddened th a t he can­ b y a n o in tin g th e m w ith h is s p irit. (R o m a n s n o t go to Jeh ovah's sa n c tu a ry to w o rs h ip , he 8:16) T h is "d a u g h te r" o f Je h o va h , "p re p a re d consoles h im s e lf, saying: "W h y are y o u in as a b rid e a d orne d fo r h e r h u s b a n d ," w ill be despair, O m y sou l, and w h y are y o u b o iste r­ b ro u g h t to th e b rid e g ro o m —th e M e ssian ic ous w ith in m e? W a it fo r G o d ." (P salm 42:5, K in g .—R e ve la tio n 21:2. 11; 43 :5) T h is re c u rrin g verse connects th e 45:14b, 15—Whom do "the virgins" rep­ th re e stanzas o f Psalm s 42 and 43 in to on e resent? T h e y are th e "g re a t c ro w d " o f tru e p oem . P salm 4 4 is a plea fo r Ju d a h —a n a tio n w o rs h ip p e rs , w h o jo in an d s u p p o rt th e in distress, perhaps u n d e r th e th re a t o f As­ a n o in te d re m n a n t. Since th e y "c o m e o u t o f s y ria n in v a s io n in th e days o f K in g H ezekiah. th e great trib u la tio n ” alive, th e y w ill be o n 8

THE WATCHTOWER • JUNE 1, 2006

e a rth w h e n th e m a rria g e o f th e M e ssian ic K in g is co m p le te d in he aven . (R e v e la tio n 7:9, 13, 14) O n th a t occasion, th e y w ill be fille d w ith "re jo ic in g a n d jo y fu ln e s s ." 45:16—In what way will there come to be sons in place of the king's forefathers?

W h e n Jesus w as b o rn o n e a rth , h e had e a rth ­ ly fo re fa th e rs. T h e y w ill b ecom e h is sons w h e n he resurrects th e m fro m th e dead d u r­ in g h is T h o u s a n d Year R eig n. S om e o f th e m w ill com e to be a m o n g th o s e a p p o in te d as "p rin c e s in a ll th e e a rth ."

50:2—Why is Jerusalem called "the per­ fection of prettiness"?

T h is w as n o t because o f th e c ity 's appearance. R a ther, it w as be­ cause Je h o va h used it an d b estow ed sp le n d o r u p o n it b y m a k in g it th e site fo r h is te m p le and th e ca p ita l o f h is a n o in te d king s.

Lessons for Us:___________________________

5 0 :2 0 . R a th e r th a n eagerly p u b lic iz in g th e fa u lts o f o th e rs, w e s h o u ld o v e rlo o k th e m . —C olossians 3:13. "TOW ARD G O D W AIT SILENTLY, O MY SOUL" (Psalm 5 1 :1 -7 1 :2 4 )

T h is g ro u p o f p salm s op ens w ith D avid 's h e a rtfe lt p rayer fo llo w in g h is s in w ith B athsheba. Psalm s 52 to 57 s h o w th a t Jeh ovah w ill d e live r th o s e w h o th ro w th e ir b u rd e n u p o n h im an d w a it o n h im fo r sa lva tio n . As expressed in P salm s 58-64, d u rin g a ll his distresses, D a vid m akes Je h o va h h is refuge. H e sings: "In d e e d to w a rd G od w a it s ile n tly, O m y sou l, because fro m h im is m y h o p e ." —P salm 62:5. In tim a c y w ith o u r D e liv e re r s h o u ld m o ve us to "m a k e m e lo d y to th e g lo ry o f his n a m e ." (P salm 6 6 :2 ) Je h o va h is p raised as a g enerous p ro vid e r in P sa lm 65, as a G od o f saving acts in P salm s 67 and 68, an d as th e P ro vid e r o f escape in P salm s 70 and 71.

4 2 :1 -3 . As a h in d , o r fe m a le deer, in a d ry re g io n long s fo r w ater, th e L e vite lo n g e d fo r Jeh ovah. So in te n s e w as th e m a n 's sadness ove r n o t b e in g ab le to w o rs h ip Je h o va h at H is S crip tu ra l Q u estio n s A n sw e re d : 51:12—With whose "willing spirit" did sa n c tu a ry th a t 'h is tears b ecam e h is fo o d day David ask to be supported? T h is refers, n e i­ and n ig h t'—h e lo s t h is ap p etite. S h o u ld w e th e r to G od 's w illin g n e s s to h e lp D avid n o r to n o t c u ltiv a te deep a p p re c ia tio n fo r w o rs h ip ­ Jehovah's h o ly s p irit, b u t to D a vid 's o w n sp ir­ p in g Je h o va h in a sso c ia tio n w ith fe llo w be­ it—to h is m e n ta l in c lin a tio n . H e is asking lievers? G od to im p a rt to h im th e desire to d o w h a t is 4 2 :4 , 5, 11; 4 3 :3 -5 . If fo r som e reason be­ rig h t. y o n d o u r c o n tro l w e are te m p o ra rily sepa­ rated fro m th e C h ris tia n co n g re g a tio n , th e Do you know who is pictured by m e m o ry o f th e joys o f such assoc ia tion in "the king's daughter"? th e past can s u sta in us. W h ile th is m a y at firs t in te n s ify th e p a in o f lo n e lin e ss, it w o u ld also re m in d us th a t G od is o u r refug e and th a t w e need to w a it o n h im fo r re lie f. 4 6 :1 -3 . W h a te v e r c a la m ity m a y c o n fro n t us, w e m u s t have u n w a v e rin g c o n fid e n c e th a t "G o d is fo r us a refug e an d s tre n g th .” 50 :1 6 -1 9 . A n y o n e sp eaking d ece p tio n and p ra c tic in g v ile th in g s has n o rig h t to rep re­ sen t G od.

a llu d in g to th e v ic to rie s Je h o va h gave h is p eop le ove r th e ir enem ies. 68:18—Who were the "gifts in the form of men"? These w ere m e n fro m a m o n g th o se taken captive d u rin g th e co nq uest o f th e P rom ised Land . Such m e n w ere la te r assigned to assist th e Levites in th e ir w o rk .—Ezra 8:20. 58:3-5—In what way are the wicked like a snake? T h e lies th e y te ll a b o u t o th e rs are lik e 68:30—What does the request to "rebuke a serp ent's v e n o m . T h e y p o is o n th e g ood rep­ the wild beast of the reeds" mean? S p eaking u ta tio n o f th e ir v ic tim s . "L ik e th e cobra th a t fig u ra tiv e ly o f th e enem ies o f Jeh ovah's p eo­ stops u p its ear," th e w ic ke d d o n o t lis te n to p le as w ild beasts, D a vid asked G od to reb uke d ire c tio n o r c o rre c tio n . th e m , o r to keep in check th e ir p o w e r to do h a rm . 58:7—How do the wicked "dissolve as into waters that go their way"? D a vid m a y 69:23—What is the meaning of 'causing have been th in k in g o f th e w aters o f c e rta in enemy hips to wobble'? T h e m uscles in th e torrentvalleys in th e P ro m ise d Land . W h ile a h ip area are essential fo r p e rfo rm in g stre n u ­ fla sh flo o d w o u ld sw e ll w a te r levels in such a ous tasks, such as p ic k in g up and c a rryin g va lle y, these w aters q u ic k ly ru n o ff and disap­ heavy loads. U nstead y hip s suggest a loss o f pear. D a vid was p ra yin g fo r th e speedy disap­ pow er. D a vid prayed th a t his foes be d ep rived pearance o f th e w icked . o f th e ir p ow er. 53:1—How is the person who denies God's existence "senseless"?

T h e senseless­ ness here does n o t d enote in te lle c tu a l d e fi­ ciency. T h a t such a p erso n is m o ra lly sense­ less can be seen fro m th e re s u ltin g m o ra l b re a k d o w n described at P salm 53:1-4.

68:13—How were "the wings of a dove covered with silver and its pinions with yellowish-green gold"?

C e rta in doves o f a b lu e -g ra y c o lo r have an irid e sc e n t b rig htness o n som e o f th e ir feathers. T h e ir p lum ag e takes o n a m e ta llic appearance in th e g old e n s u n lig h t. D a vid w as perhaps lik e n in g th e v ic ­ to rio u s Isra e lite w a rrio rs c o m in g fo rth fro m a b a ttle to such a d ove—stro n g o f w in g and b ril­ lia n t in appearance. As som e scholars suggest, th e d e sc rip tio n m a y also fit a w o rk o f art, a tro p h y , ta ke n as sp oil. In a n y case, D avid was

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 51:1-4,17.

C o m m ittin g sin need n o t a lie n ­ ate us fro m Je h o va h G od. If w e rep ent, w e can have co nfid enc e in his m ercy. 51:5, 7-10. If w e have sinned , w e can appeal to Jeh ovah fo r forg iveness o n ac cou nt o f o u r Jerusalem is called "the perfection of prettiness." Do you know why?

in h e rite d sin fu ln e ss. W e s h o u ld also p ray to na m e. W e s h o u ld n e ith e r lis te n to such gos­ h im to cleanse us, to restore us, to h e lp us to sip n o r spread it. rem o ve s in fu l tend encies fro m o u r he art, and 6 9 :4 . Fo r us to keep peace, it m a y som e­ to give us a steadfast sp irit. tim e s be w ise to "g iv e b a c k" b y ap olog izin g , 51:18. D avid 's sins th re a te n e d th e w elfare even if w e are n o t c o n vin c e d th a t w e are in o f th e e n tire n a tio n . So he prayed fo r G od's th e w ro n g . g o o d w ill to w a rd Z io n . W h e n w e c o m m it a se­ 7 0 :1-5. Je h o va h hears o u r u rg e n t pleas fo r rio u s sin, it o fte n b rin g s rep roach o n Jeho­ he lp . (1 Th e ssa lo n ia n s 5:17; Jam es 1:13; 2 Pe­ vah's n a m e and o n th e c o ng re g a tio n. W e te r 2:9) G od m a y a llo w a tria l to c o n tin u e , ye t need to p ra y to G od to re p a ir th e h a rm w e he w ill g ive us w is d o m to deal w ith th e situa­ m a y have caused. tio n and th e s tre n g th to en d u re it. H e w ill n o t 5 2 :8 . W e can be "lik e a lu x u ria n t o liv e tree le t us be te m p ted b e yo n d w h a t w e can bear. in G od's h o u s e "—close to Je h o va h and p ro ­ — 1 C o rin th ia n s 10:13; H eb rew s 10:36; Jam es d uctive in h is service—b y o b e yin g h im and 1:5-8. b y w illin g ly accep ting h is d isc ip lin e .—H e­ 71:5, 17. D a vid d evelop ed courage and brew s 12:5, 6. s tre n g th b y m a k in g Je h o va h h is co nfid enc e 5 5 :4, 5 ,1 2 -1 4 ,1 6 -1 8 . T h e consp iracy o f his in his y o u th —even b efo re he c o n fro n te d th e o w n son A b sa lo m and th e b etrayal o f th e P h ilis tin e g ia n t G o lia th . (1 S am u el 17:34-37) tru ste d c o u n se lo r A h ith o p h e l caused D avid Y o u n g ones d o w e ll to le a n o n Je h o va h in a ll in te n se e m o tio n a l p a in . H ow ever, th a t d id th a t th e y do. n o t d im in is h D a vid 's c o n fid e n c e in Jehovah. "Let His Glory W e s h o u ld n o t a llo w e m o tio n a l stra in to w eaken o u r tru s t in G od. Fill the W hole Earth" T h e fin a l song in th e second c o lle c tio n o f 5 5 :2 2 . H o w d o w e th ro w o u r b u rd e n u p o n Jehovah? W e d o th is (1) b y ta k in g a m a tte r o f psalm s, P salm 72, is a b o u t S o lo m o n 's ru le rconce rn to h im in prayer, (2) b y tu rn in g to ship , fo re sh a d o w in g c o n d itio n s th a t w ill pre­ his W o rd and o rg a n iz a tio n fo r guidance and v a il u n d e r th e M e ssiah 's re ig n . W h a t w o n ­ sup p o rt, and (3) b y d o in g w h a t w e reasonab ly d e r fu l b le s s in g s a re d e s c rib e d th e re can to relie ve th e s itu a tio n .—Proverbs 3:5, 6; —a b u n d a n t peace, th e e n d o f op p re ssion and 11:14; 15:22; P h ilip p ia n s 4:6, 7. vio le n c e , p le n ty o f g ra in o n th e e a rth ! W ill 56 :8. Je h o va h is aw are n o t o n ly o f o u r s itu ­ w e be a m o n g th o se w h o w ill e n jo y these and a tio n b u t also o f its e m o tio n a l im p a c t o n us. o th e r K in g d o m b lessings? W e can be if, 62:11. G od does n o t have to depend o n a n y lik e th e p sa lm ist, w e are c o n te n t to w a it e xte rn a l source o f energy. H e is th e v e ry o n Jeh ovah, m a k in g h im o u r refug e and stre n g th . source o f p ow er. 'S tre n g th b elong s to h im .' 6 3 :3 . G od 's "lo v in g -k in d n e s s is b ette r th a n "T h e prayers o f D a v id . . . co m e to th e ir life " because w ith o u t it, life is m e a n in g ­ e n d " w ith th e w ord s: "B lessed be Jeh ovah less and purposeless. W e are w ise to G od, Israel's G od, w h o a lo n e is d o in g w o n ­ c u ltiv a te frie n d s h ip w ith Jehovah. d e rfu l w o rks. A n d blessed be h is g lo rio u s 6 3 :6 . N ig h ttim e —q u ie t and de­ n a m e to tim e in d e fin ite , a n d le t h is g lo ­ v o id o f d is tra c tio n —can be an ex­ ry fill th e w h o le e a rth . A m e n a n d A m e n ." c e lle n t tim e fo r m e d ita tio n . (P salm 72:18-20) L e t us lik e w is e w h o le h e a rt­ 6 4 :2 -4 . H a rm fu l gossip can e d ly bless J e h o va h an d p raise h is g lo rio u s ru in an in n o c e n t p erson's g ood n a m e . THE WATCHTOWER • JUNE 1,2006

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive

Highlights From Books Three and Four of Psalms N A prayer to God, the psalmist asks: "Will your loving-kindness be declared in the burial place itself, your faithfulness in the place of destruction?" (Psalm 88:11) The an­ swer, of course, is no. Without life, we can­ not praise Jehovah. Praising Jehovah is a good reason for us to keep living, and having life is a good reason to praise him. Books Three and Four of Psalms, consist­ ing of Psalm 73 to 106, give us plenty of rea­ sons for praising the Creator and blessing his name. Reflecting on these psalms ought to deepen our appreciation for "the word of God" and move us to enlarge and improve our expressions of praise to him. (Hebrews 4: 12) With keen interest, let us first turn to Book Three of Psalms.

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"THE DRAWING NEAR TO GOD IS GOOD FOR ME" (Psalm 73:1-89:52) The first 11 psalms of the third collection are compositions by Asaph or by members of the house of Asaph. The opening song ex­ plains what has saved Asaph from being led astray by erroneous thinking. He has reached the right conclusion. "As for me," he sings, "the drawing near to God is good for me." (Psalm 73:28) A lament over the de­ struction of Jerusalem follows in Psalm 74. Psalms 75, 76, and 77 portray Jehovah as the righteous Judge, the Savior of the meek, and the Hearer of prayer. Psalm 78 reviews Isra­ el's past from the time of Moses to that of David. The 79th Psalm laments the destruc­ tion of the temple. Next comes a prayer for 10

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the restoration of God's people. Psalm 81 is an exhortation to obey Jehovah. Psalms 82 and 83 are prayers for the execution of di­ vine judgment upon corrupt judges and God's enemies respectively. "My soul has yearned and also pined away for the courtyards of Jehovah," states a mel­ ody of the sons of Korah. (Psalm 84:2) Psalm 85 is a request for God's blessing upon the returnees from exile. This psalm emphasizes that spiritual blessings are far more valuable than physical blessings. In Psalm 86, David asks God to guard him and instruct him. In Psalm 87, a melody about Zion and those born there is followed by a prayer to Jehovah in Psalm 88. Jehovah's loving-kindness as expressed in the Davidic covenant is emphasized in Psalm 89, com­ posed by Ethan, perhaps one of four wise men in the days of Solomon.—1 Kings 4:31. Scriptural Questions Answered: 73:9—How is it that the wicked have "put their mouth in the very heavens, Like Asaph, we can cope with wickedness by "drawingnear to Cod"

suffer to the point of death? and their tongue itself walks This too can laud Jehovah be­ about in the earth"? Since the cause those who see us faith­ wicked have no regard for any­ fully endure may also begin to one in heaven or on earth, glorify God. they do not hesitate to blas­ pheme God with their mouth. 78:24, 25; footnote—Why They also slander humans is manna called "the grain of with their tongue. heaven" and "the very bread of angels"? Neither expression 74:13, 14—When did Jeho­ means that manna was angels' vah 'break the heads of the Pharaoh suffers food. It was "the grain of heav­ sea monsters in the waters defeat at the Red Sea en" in that its source was heav­ and crush to pieces the heads enly. (Psalm 105:40) Since angels, or "power­ of Leviathan'? "Pharaoh, king of Egypt," is ful ones," dwell in heaven, the phrase "the called "the great sea monster lying stretched very bread of angels" may simply mean that out in the midst of his Nile canals." (Ezekiel 29:3) Leviathan may represent "the strong it was provided by God, who dwells in heav­ en. (Psalm 11:4) Jehovah may also have used ones of Pharaoh.” (Psalm 74:14, footnote) angels to provide the manna for the Israel­ The crushing of their heads likely refers to the crushing defeat of Pharaoh and his army ites. when Jehovah delivered the Israelites from 82:1, 6 —Who are called "gods" and Egyptian bondage. "sons of the Most High"? Both expres­ 7 5 :4 ,5 ,1 0 —What is signified by the term sions refer to human judges in Israel. This "horn"? The horns of an animal are a power­ is appropriate, since they were to serve ful weapon. Hence, the term "horn" figura­ as God's spokesmen and representatives. tively denotes power, or strength. Jehovah -Jo h n 10:33-36. raises up the horns of his people, caus­ 83:2—What does the 'raising of one's ing them to be exalted, whereas he 'cuts head' denote? The gesture signifies readi­ down the horns of the wicked ones.' We are ness to exercise power or to take action, usu­ warned against 'exalting our horn on high' ally to oppose, fight, or oppress. in that we should not take on a proud or ar­ Lessons for Us:________________________ rogant attitude. Since Jehovah does the ex­ 73:2-5, 18-20, 25, 28. We should not be­ alting, assignments of responsibility in the come envious of the prosperity of the wicked congregation are to be viewed as coming and adopt their ungodly ways. The from him.—Psalm 75:7. wicked are on slippery ground. 76:10—How can "the very rage of man" They will surely "fall to ruins." laud Jehovah? When God allows humans to Moreover, since wickedness vent their rage against us because we are his servants, a positive outcome can follow. Any hardship we may experience can discipline us in some way. Jehovah permits suffering only to the extent that it provides such train­ ing. (1 Peter 5:10) 'The remainder of raging by man, God girds upon himself.' What if we Do you know why manna is called "the very bread of powerful ones"?

cannot be removed under imperfect human rule, our putting forth effort to eradicate it would be futile. Like Asaph, we are wise if we cope with wickedness by “drawing near to God" and by taking delight in a close rela­ tionship with Him. 73:3 ,6 ,8 ,2 7 . We must guard against boast­ ing, haughtiness, scoffing, and defrauding. This is the case even though adopting such traits may seem advantageous. 73:15-17. When we are confused in our thinking, we should hold back from making our perplexing thoughts public. Telling "a story like that” would only discourage oth­ ers. We ought to meditate peacefully about our concerns and resolve them in association with fellow believers.—Proverbs 18:1. 73:21-24. Becoming 'sour at heart' be­ cause of the seeming well-being of the wick­ ed is likened to reacting like unreasoning animals. This reaction is impulsive, based strictly on the senses. Rather, we should be led by Jehovah's counsel, fully confident that he will 'hold us by the right hand' and support us. Additionally, Jehovah 'will take us to glory,' that is, into a close relationship with him. 77:6. Showing heartfelt concern for spiri­ tual truths and carefully searching for them requires time for study and meditation. How vital that we make room for a measure of sol­ itude in our lives! 79:9. Jehovah listens to our prayers, espe­ cially when they are concerning the sanctifi­ cation of his name. 81:13,16. Listening to Jehovah's voice and walking in his ways lead to rich blessings. —Proverbs 10:22. 82:2, 5. Injustices cause "the foundations of the earth" to totter. Unjust acts disturb the stability of human society. 84:1-4,10-12. The psalmists' appreciation for the place of Jehovah's worship and their 12

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feeling of contentment with their service privileges furnish examples for us. 86:5. How grateful we can be that Jehovah is "ready to forgive"! He is on the lookout for any evidence that would provide a basis for him to show mercy to a repentant wrong­ doer. 87:5, 6. Will those who receive life in the earthly Paradise ever know the names of those resurrected to heavenly life? These verses indicate that this is a likely possibility. 88:13,14. A delay in receiving an answer to our prayers about a certain problem may well mean that Jehovah wants us to demonstrate the genuineness of our devotion to him.

"GIVE THANKS TO HIM, BLESS HIS NAME" (Psalm 90:1-106:48) Consider the various reasons for extolling Jehovah that are set out in the fourth collec­ tion of psalms. In Psalm 90, Moses contrasts the existence of "the King of eternity" with the fleeting life of man. (1 Timothy 1:17) Ac­ cording to Psalm 91:2, Moses refers to Je­ hovah as 'his refuge and his stronghold' —his Source of security. The next few psalms speak of God's beautiful qualities, superior thoughts, and wonderful works. Three songs open with the expression "Jehovah him­ self has become king." (Psalm 93:1; 97:1; 99:1) Speaking of Jehovah as our Maker, the psalmist invites us to "give thanks to him, bless his name."—Psalm 100:4. How should a ruler who fears Jehovah ad­ minister his affairs? Psalm 101, composed by King David, provides the answer. The next psalm tells us that Jehovah "will certain­ ly turn to the prayer of those stripped of everything, and not despise their prayer." (Psalm 102:17) The 103rd Psalm calls atten­ tion to Jehovah's loving-kindness and mercy. Referring to God's many productions on earth, the psalmist exclaims: "How many

your works are, O Jehovah! All of them in wisdom you have made." (Psalm 104:24) The final two songs of Book Four laud Jehovah for his wonderful works.—Psalm 105:2, 5; 106:7, 22. Scriptural Questions Answered: 91:1, 2—What is "the secret place of the Most High," and how may we 'dwell' there? This is a figurative place of spiritual safety and security—a condition or state of protection from being harmed spiritually. The place is secret because it is unknown to those who do not trust in God. We make Je­ hovah our dwelling by looking to him as our refuge and stronghold, by lauding him as the Sovereign Ruler of the universe, and by preaching the good news of the Kingdom. We feel spiritually secure because we know that Jehovah is always ready to help us. —Psalm 90:1. 92:12—In what way do the righteous "blossom forth as a palm tree does"? The palm tree is noted for its productivity. A righ­ teous person is like a palm tree in that he is upright in Jehovah's eyes and keeps bearing "fine fruit," which includes good works. —Matthew 7:17-20.

Lessons for Us:______________________ 90:7, 8, 13, 14. Our wrongdoing always damages our relationship with the true God. And hidden sins cannot be concealed from him. However, if we truly repent and aban­ don our wrong course, Jehovah will restore us to his favor, 'satisfying us with his loving­ kindness.' 90:10, 12. Since life is short, we should "count our days." How? By bringing "a heart of wisdom in," or by exercising wisdom so that our remaining days are not wasted but are spent in a way that pleases Jehovah. This requires that we set spiritual priorities and use our time wisely.—Ephesians 5:15, 16; Philippians 1:10.

90:17. It is proper to pray that Jehovah "firmly establish . . . the work of our hands" and bless our efforts in the ministry. 92:14, 15. By being diligent students of God's Word and by regularly associating with Jehovah's people, elderly ones contin­ ue to be "fat and fresh"—spiritually vigor­ ous—and prove to be valuable assets to the congregation. 94:19. Whatever the cause of our "disqui­ eting thoughts" may be, reading and medi­ tating on the "consolations" found in the Bi­ ble will comfort us. 95:7, 8. Listening to Scriptural counsel, paying attention to it, and readily obey­ ing it will prevent us from becoming hard­ hearted.—Hebrews 3:7, 8. 106:36, 37. These verses associate idol worship with sacrifices to demons. This indi­ cates that a person who uses idols may come under demon influence. The Bible urges us: "Guard yourselves from idols."—1 John 5:21.

"Praise Jah, You People!" The last three songs of Book Four of Psalms close with the admonition: "Praise Jah, you people!" The last psalm also opens with it. (Psalm 104:35; 105:45; 106:1, 48) In fact, the expression "Praise Jah, you peo­ ple!" occurs frequently in Book Four of the psalms. We certainly have reason to praise Jeho­ vah. Psalms 73 through 106 have given us much to ponder, filling our hearts with gratitude to our heavenly Fa­ ther. When we think about all that he has already done for us and will do for us in the future, are we not moved to "praise Jah" with all our might?

What helps to dispel our "disquieting thoughts"?

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From Book Five of Psalms

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HE rich may say: "Our sons are like little plants grown up in their youth, our daughters like corners carved in palace style, our garners full, . . . our flocks multiplying by thousands." Moreover, the wealthy may exclaim: "Happy is the people for whom it is just like that!" In contrast, however, the psalmist says: "Happy is the people whose God is Jehovah!" (Psalm 144:12-15) How could it be otherwise? Jehovah is the hap­ py God, and happiness is the lot of those worshipping him. (1 Timothy 1:11) This truth is made evident in the final collection of divinely inspired songs, consisting of Psalms 107 to 150. Book Five of Psalms also highlights Je­ hovah's superlative qualities, including his loving-kindness, trueness, and goodness. The more insight we gain into God's person­ ality, the more inclined we are to love and fear him. This, in turn, contributes to our happiness. What a valuable message we find in Book Five of Psalms!—Hebrews 4:12.

HAPPY BECAUSE OF JEHOVAH'S LOVING-KINDNESS (Psalm 107:1-119:176) "O let people give thanks to Jehovah for his loving-kindness and for his wonderful works to the sons of men," sing the ex­ iled Jews returning from Babylo­ nian captivity. (Psalm 107:8,15, 21,

31) Praising God, David sings: “Your true­ ness [is] up to the skies." (Psalm 108:4) In the following melody, he prays: "Help me, O Jehovah my God; save me according to your loving-kindness." (Psalm 109:18, 19, 26) Psalm 110 is prophetic of the Messiah's rulership. "The fear of Jehovah is the begin­ ning of wisdom," states Psalm 111:10. Ac­ cording to the next psalm, "happy is the man in fear of Jehovah."—Psalm 112:1. Psalms 113 to 118 are called the Hallel Psalms, so termed because they repeatedly use the expression "Hallelujah," or "Praise Jah!" According to the Mishnah—a thirdcentury work that put into writing the earli­ er oral tradition—these songs were sung at the Passover and the three annual festivals of the Jews. The longest of all psalms and chapters in the Bible, Psalm 119 magnifies Jehovah's revealed word, or message. Scriptural Questions Answered: 109:23—What did David mean when he said: "Like a shadow when it declines, I am obliged to go away"? David was poetically saying that he felt that his death was very near.—Psalm 102:11. 110:1, 2—What did "[David's] Lord," Je­ sus Christ, do while sitting at God's right hand? Following his resurrection, Jesus as­ cended to heaven and waited at God's right hand until 1914 to begin ruling as King. Dur­ ing that time, Jesus ruled over his anointed followers, guiding them in their preach­ ing and disciple-making work as well as preparing them to rule with him in his Kingdom.—Matthew 24:14; 28:18-20; Luke 22:28-30. THE W ATCHTOW ER • SEPTEM BER 1, 2006

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110:4—To what has Jehovah 'sworn without feeling regret'? This oath is the covenant that Jehovah made with Jesus Christ to serve as King and High Priest. -Luke 22:29. 113:3—In what way is Jehovah's name to be praised "from the rising of the sun until its setting"? This involves more than a group of individuals worshipping God every day. From the sun's rising in the east to its setting in the west, the rays of the sun illuminate the entire globe. Likewise, Jehovah is to be praised earth wide. This cannot be accom­ plished without an organized effort. As Jeho­ vah's Witnesses, we have the cherished priv­ ilege to praise God and share zealously in the Kingdom proclamation work. 116:15—How 'precious in Jehovah's eyes is the death of his loyal ones'? Jehovah's worshippers are so precious to him that he considers their death as a body, or a group, too costly to permit. If Jehovah were to allow that to happen, it would be as if his enemies were more powerful than he is. Moreover, no one would be left on the earth as a foun­ dation for the new world. 119:71—What could be good about suf­ fering affliction? Hardship can teach us to rely more fully on Jehovah, to pray to him more earnestly, and to be more diligent in studying the Bible and applying what it says. Moreover, our response to affliction can re­ veal personality flaws that can be corrected. Suffering will not make us bitter if we allow it to refine us. 119:96—What is meant by 'an end to all perfection'? The psalmist is speaking about perfection from a human viewpoint. He likely had in mind that man's concept of perfection is limited. In contrast, God's com­ mandment has no such limit. Its guidance applies to all aspects of life. "To all perfec­ tion I see a limit," reads the New Internation­ 14

THE W ATCHTOW ER • SEPTEM BER 1, 2006

al Version, "but your commands are bound­ less." 119:164—W hat is significant about praising God "seven times in the day"? The number seven often denotes completeness. Therefore, the psalmist is stating that Jeho­ vah is deserving of all praise.

Lessons for Us:______________________ 107:27-31. The wisdom of the world will 'prove confused' when Armageddon strikes. (Revelation 16:14,16) It cannot save anyone from destruction. Only those who look to Je­ hovah for salvation will live to "give thanks to [him] for his loving-kindness." 109:30, 31; 110:5. The sword-wielding right hand of a soldier normally lacks the protection of the shield, which was held on the left. Metaphorically, Jehovah is "at the right hand" of his servants, to fight for them. Thus he gives them protection and help—a fine reason for us to "laud [him] very m uch"! 113:4-9. Jehovah is so high that he has to condescend even "to look on heaven." Yet, he is compassionate to the lowly one, the poor one, and the barren woman. The Sover­ eign Lord Jehovah is humble and wants his worshippers to be that way too.—James 4:6. 114:3-7. Learning about the wonderful works that Jehovah performed in behalf of his people at the Red Sea, at the Jordan River, and at Mount Sinai ought to affect us deeply. Mankind, represented by "earth," should be in awe—figuratively "in severe pains"—be­ cause of the Lord. 119:97-101. Gaining wisdom, insight, and understanding from God's Word protects us from spiritual harm. 119:105. God's Word is a lamp to our foot in that it can help us to deal with current problems. It also figuratively lights up our roadway, since it foretells God's purpose for the future.

HAPPY DESPITE ADVERSITIES (Psalm 120:1-145:21) How can we face trialsome circumstances and survive adversities? Psalms 120 to 134 give a clear answer to this question. We sur­ vive hardship and maintain our joy by look­ ing to Jehovah for help. These psalms, called Songs of the Ascents, were probably sung as the Israelites traveled up to Jerusalem for the observance of their annual festivals. Psalms 135 and 136 portray Jehovah as the Doer of whatever pleases him, in sharp con­ trast with helpless idols. The 136th Psalm is composed for responsive singing, the last part of each verse being sung in response to the first. The next psalm relates the heart­ broken condition of the Jews in Babylon who wanted to worship Jehovah in Zion. Psalms 138 to 145 are of David. He wants to 'laud Jehovah with all his heart/ Why? "'Be­ cause in a fear-inspiring way I am wonderful­ ly made," he says. (Psalm 138:1; 139:14) In the following five psalms, David prays for protection from bad men, for righteous reproofs, for deliverance from persecutors, and for guidance in conduct. He highlights the happiness of Jehovah's people. (Psalm 144:15) After reviewing God's greatness and goodness, David declares: "The praise of Je­ hovah my mouth will speak; and let all flesh bless his holy name to time indefinite, even forever."—Psalm 145:21. Scriptural Questions Answered: 122:3—How was Jerusalem a city "joined together in oneness"? As was usually the case in cities of ancient times, houses in Je­ rusalem were built close together. The city was compact and therefore easy to defend. Moreover, the physical proximity of homes made it possible for city dwellers to rely upon one another for assistance and protec­ tion. This suggests the spiritual unity of the 12 tribes of Israel when they came together for worship.

123:2—What is the point of the illustra­ tion about the eyes of servants? Servants and maidservants look toward the hand of a master or a mistress for two reasons: to deter­ mine his or her wishes and to receive protec­ tion and life's necessities. Similarly, we look to Jehovah in order to discern his will and to gain his favor. 131:1-3—How did David 'soothe and quiet his soul like a weanling upon his mother'? As a weaned child learns to find so­ lace and satisfaction in his mother's arms, David learned to soothe and calm his soul "like a weanling upon his mother." How? By not being haughty at heart and lofty in eyes and by not going after things that were too great for him. Rather than seeking promi­ nence, David usually recognized his limita­ tions and manifested humility. We are wise to imitate his attitude, particularly when reaching out for privileges in the congre­ gation.

Lessons for Us:________________ 120:1,2, 6, 7. Slanderous and cut­ ting speech can cause unbearable distress to others. Keeping our tongue in check is one way to show that we "stand for peace." Jehovah's wonderful works are awe-inspiring

120:3, 4. If we have to put up with some­ one having a "tricky tongue," we can take comfort in knowing that Jehovah will set matters straight in his due time. Slander­ ers will suffer calamity at the hands of "a mighty man." They will surely be recipients of Jehovah's fiery judgment symbolized by "burning coals of the broom trees." 127:1, 2. In all our endeavors, we should look to Jehovah for guidance. 133:1-3. The unity of Jehovah's people is soothing, wholesome, and refreshing. We should not disrupt it by engaging in fault­ finding, quarreling, or complaining. 137:1, 5, 6. Exiled worshippers of Jehovah felt attached to Zion, which had represented God's organization. What about us? Have we formed a loyal attachment to the organi­ zation that Jehovah is using today? 138:2. Jehovah 'magnifies his saying even above all his name' in that the fulfillment of all that he has promised in his name will far exceed whatever expectations we may have. Truly, grand prospects lie ahead of us. 139:1-6,15,16. Jehovah knows our activi­ ties, our thoughts, and our words even be­ fore we speak them. He knows us from when the embryo was formed, before each body part became distinct. God's knowledge of us as individuals is "too wonderful" to fathom. How comforting it is to know that Jehovah not only sees a trialsome situation we may be facing but also understands its effect on us!

139:7-12. No place that we might go to is too remote for God to strengthen us. 139:17,18. Has knowledge of Jehovah be­ come pleasurable to us? (Proverbs 2:10) If so, we have found an inexhaustible fountain of delight. Jehovah's thoughts "are more than even the grains of sand." There will always be more to learn about him. 139:23, 24. We should want Jehovah to examine our inner person for 'painful ways' —improper thoughts, desires, and inclina­ tions—and to help us root them out. 143:4-7. How can we endure even severe hardships? The psalmist gives us the key: Meditate on Jehovah's activity, keep our­ selves concerned with his doings, and pray to him for help.

"Praise Jah, You People!" Each of the first four collections of psalms ends with an expression of praise to Jeho­ vah. (Psalm 41:13; 72:19, 20; 89:52; 106:48) The final collection is no exception. Psalm 150:6 states: "Every breathing thing—let it praise Jah. Praise Jah, you people!" That will indeed become a reality in God's new world. As we look forward to that blessed time, we have ample reason to glorify the true God and praise his name. When we think of the happiness we experience because we know Jehovah and enjoy a good relationship with him, are we not moved to praise him with a grateful heart? Jehovah's thoughts "are more than even the grains of sand"

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Proverbs

ING SOLOMON of ancient Israel ''could . speak th ree thousand proverbs." (1 Kings 4:32) Do we have access to his wise sayings? Yes, we do. The Bible book of Prov­ erbs, completed about 717 B.C.E., records many of Solomon's proverbs. Only the last two chapters are attributed to other writers —Agur the son of Jakeh and Lemuel the king. However, some believe Lemuel to be another name for Solomon. The inspired sayings collected in the book of Proverbs have a twofold purpose —"for one to know wisdom and discipline." (Proverbs 1:2) These sayings help us to ac­ quire wisdom, which is the ability to see things clearly and apply knowledge to solve problems. By means of them, we also re­ ceive discipline, or moral training. Paying attention to these prov­ erbs and heeding their ad­ vice can affect our heart, contribute toward our hap­ piness, and lead to success. —Hebrews 4:12.

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'ACQUIRE W ISDOM AND TAKE H O LD OF D ISC IP LIN E' (Proverbs 1 :1 -9 :1 8 ) "True wisdom itself keeps crying aloud in the very street," says Solo­ mon. (Proverbs 1:20) Why should we listen to its loud and clear voice? Chapter 2 cites many ben­ efits of acquiring wisdom. How to seek intimacy with Jehovah is discussed in chapter 3. Solomon then says: "Wisdom is the prime thing. Acquire wisdom; and with 16

all that you acquire, acquire understanding. Take hold on discipline; do not let go."—Prov­ erbs 4:7, 13. What will help us to resist the immor­ al ways of the world? The 5th chapter of Proverbs answers: Exercise thinking ability, and recognize the seductive ways of the world. Consider, too, the high price of com­ mitting immorality. The following chapter warns against practices and attitudes that jeopardize our relationship with Jehovah. The 7th chapter provides an invaluable ex­ pose of how an immoral person operates. In chapter 8, the value and appeal of wisdom is presented in a fascinating way. The 9th chap­ ter, a stimulating conclusion to the proverbs Jehovah is the Source of all true knowledge

1:7; 9:10—In what way is the fear of Jeho­ vah "the beginning of knowledge" and "the start of wisdom"? Without the fear of Jeho­ vah, there can be no knowledge, for he is the Creator of all things and the Author of the Scriptures. (Romans 1:20; 2 Timothy 3:16,17) He is the very Source of all true knowledge. Hence, knowledge begins with the reveren­ tial fear of Jehovah. Godly fear is also the start of wisdom because there can be no wisdom without knowledge. Moreover, a person who lacks the fear of Jehovah will not use what­ ever knowledge he has to honor the Creator. 5:3—Why is a prostitute called "a strange woman"? Proverbs 2:16, 17 describes a "strange woman" as someone "who has for­ gotten the very covenant of her God." Any­ one who worshipped false gods or made him­ self or herself a stranger to the Mosaic Law, including a prostitute, was called a stranger. —Jeremiah 2:25; 3:13. 7:1, 2—What is included in "my sayings" and "my own commandments"? In addi­ tion to Bible teachings, these include family rules, or regulations, set by parents for the good of the family members. Young ones need to abide by these as well as by the Scrip­ tural teachings they receive from their par­ ents. 8:30—Who is the "master worker"? Per­ sonified wisdom calls itself a master worker. More than serving as a literary device to ex­ plain the characteristics of wisdom, this per­ sonification figuratively refers to God's first­ born Son, Jesus Christ, in his prehuman existence. Long before his birth as a human on earth, he was 'produced as the beginning of God's way.' (Proverbs 8:22) As "a master worker," he actively worked with his Father

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:10-14. We should guard against being lured into the bad ways of sinners by their promises of riches. 3:3. We should highly value loving­ kindness and trueness and visibly display them as we would a priceless necklace. We also need to inscribe these qualities on our heart, making them an integral part of us. 4:18. Spiritual knowledge is progressive. To remain in the light, we must continue to manifest humility and meekness. 5:8. We ought to keep far away from all immoral influences, whether they come through music, entertainment, the Internet, or books and magazines. 5:21. Would a lover of Jehovah exchange his good relationship with the true God for a few moments of pleasure? Of course not! The strongest incentive for maintaining moral purity is the awareness that Jehovah sees our ways and holds us accountable. 6:1-5. In these verses, what fine advice we have against 'going surety,' or making an un­ wise financial commitment, in behalf of oth­ ers! If, upon closer scrutiny, the action we have taken seems unwise, without delay we should 'storm our fellowman' with persistent requests and do all we can to set matters straight. 6:16-19. Herein are seven basic categories involving almost every type of wrongdoing. We should develop a hatred of them. THE W ATCHTOW ER • SEPTEM BER 15, 2006

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Scriptural Questions Answered:

during the creation of all things.—Colossians 1:15-17. 9:17—What are "stolen waters," and why are they "sweet"? Since the Bible likens enjoying sexual intimacy within marriage to drinking refreshing water drawn out of a well, stolen waters represent secretive immor­ al sexual relations. (Proverbs 5:15-17) The idea of getting away with something gives such waters their apparent sweetness.

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discussed up to that point, is presented as an exciting illustration that motivates us to pur­ sue wisdom.

10:29—What is "the way of Jehovah"? The reference here is to the way Jehovah deals with mankind and not to the course of life we should follow. God's dealings with humans spell security for the blameless but ruin for the wicked. 11:31—Why should the wicked one be IN D IV ID U A L PROVERBS TO GU IDE US rewarded more than the righteous one? (Proverbs 1 0 :1 -2 9 :2 7 ) The reward here is measured in terms of The remainder of Solomon's proverbs are the degree of chastisement each receives. concise individual sayings. Presented main­ When the righteous person errs, the re­ ly as contrasts, parallels, and compari­ ward he receives for his errors is disci­ sons, they convey powerful lessons in pline. The wicked one sins deliber­ conduct, speech, and attitude. ately and refuses to turn to doing Chapters 10 through 24 em­ good. He therefore deserves phasize the value of the rever­ and receives a severe pun­ ential fear of Jehovah. The prov­ ishment. erbs in chapters 25 through 29 12:23—How does one were transcribed by 'The men 'cover knowledge'? Cov­ of Hezekiah the king of Judah." ering knowledge does not (Proverbs 25:1) These proverbs mean that one does not dis­ teach dependence on Jehovah play it at all. Rather, it means and other vital lessons. that one displays knowledge discreetly, not making a showy Scriptural Questions Answered: display of it by bragging. 10:6; footnote—How does 14:17—In what way is The The mouth of the wicked ones man of thinking abilities hat­ cover up violence'? This may ed'? The Hebrew expression be so in the sense that by sweet translated "thinking abilities" talk the wicked cover up their can mean either discernment malicious intent to harm oth­ or malicious thinking. A man ers. Or it could be that since of wicked ideas is, of course, the wicked are generally treat­ hated. But so is the man of ed with animosity, the hostili­ ty they receive from others si­ discernment who exercises his lences them. thinking abilities and chooses 10:10—How does "the one What does it mean to 'scatter to be "no part of the world." knowledge about'? -Jo h n 15:19. winking his eye" cause pain? "A good-for-nothing man" may 18:19—How is 'a brother not only resort to "crookedness of speech" who is transgressed against more than a but also try to hide his motives with body strong town'? Like a strong town under siege, language, such as "winking his eye." (Prov­ such a person may rigidly refuse to make con­ erbs 6:12, 13) This kind of deception can be­ cessions. Contentions between him and the come a source of much mental distress to his transgressor can easily become as much of a victim. barrier as "the bar of a dwelling tower." 6:20-24. A Scriptural upbringing can pro­ tect one from getting caught in the trap of sexual immorality. Parents should not be negligent about providing such training. 7:4. We should develop an affection for wisdom and understanding.

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Lessons for Us:___________________________ 10:11-14. For our words to be upbuilding, our mind should be filled with accurate knowledge, our heart ought to be motivated by love, and wisdom should dictate what comes out of our mouth. 10:19; 12:18; 13:3; 15:28; 17:28. May our words be few and thoughtful. 11:1; 16:11; 20:10, 23. Jehovah wants us to be honest in our business dealings. 11:4. It is foolish to pursue material wealth at the expense of personal Bible study, meet­ ing attendance, prayer, and the field minis­ try. 13:4. To be "desirous" of a position of re­ sponsibility in the congregation or of life in the new world is in itself not enough. We must also be industrious and put forth dili­ gent effort to meet the requirements. 13:24; 29:15, 21. A loving parent does not pamper his child or overlook his faults. Rath­ er, a father or a mother takes corrective mea­ sures to root out such faults before they be­ come deeply ingrained. 14:10. Since our innermost feelings can neither be precisely expressed at all times nor be always understood by onlookers, the emo­ tional comfort that others can offer has its limitations. We may have to endure some difficulties by relying solely on Jehovah. 15:7. We should not pour out everything we know to a person all at once, just as a farmer does not pour out all his seeds in one location. The wise one scatters his knowledge a little at a time as the need maybe. 15:15; 18:14. Maintaining a positive men­ tal outlook will help us to find joy, even un­ der distressing circumstances. 17:24. Unlike "the stupid one," whose eyes and mind wander instead of being focused on important matters, we should seek under­ standing so that we can act in wisdom.

23:6-8. We should be on guard against a hypocritical display of hospitality. 27:21. Praise can show us up for who we are. Humility is revealed if the praise moves us to acknowledge our indebtedness to Jeho­ vah and encourages us to continue to serve him. A lack of humility is disclosed when praise fosters a feeling of superiority. 27:23-27. Using a pastoral setting, these proverbs emphasize the value of finding con­ tentment in a simple life resulting from dili­ gent work. They should especially impress on us the need to depend on God.* 28:5. If we 'seek Jehovah' through prayer and a study of his Word, we "can under­ stand everything" needed to serve him ac­ ceptably. 'W EIG H TY M ESSAGES' (Proverbs 3 0 :1 -3 1 :3 1 ) The Bible book of Proverbs concludes with two 'weighty messages.' (Proverbs 30:1; 31:1) By means of thought-provoking compari­ sons, the message of Agur illustrates the insa­ tiableness of greed, and it shows how unde­ tectable the persuasive ways of a seducer are with a m aiden/ It also warns against self­ exaltation and angry speech. The weighty message that Lemuel received from his mother contains sound advice about the use of wine and intoxicating liquor as well as about judging in righteousness. The description of a good wife ends with the statement: "Give her of the fruitage of her hands, and let her works praise her."—Prov­ erbs 31:31. Gain wisdom, accept discipline, cultivate godly fear, rely upon Jehovah. What valuable lessons the inspired proverbs teach! By all means, let us apply their advice and thus ex­ perience the happiness of "the man in fear of Jehovah."—Psalm 112:1. * See The Watch tower of August 1, 1991, page 31. # See The Watchtower of July 1, 1992, page 31. THE W ATCHTOW ER • SEPTEM BER 15, 2006

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Ecclesiastes

/ / A yjTAN, born of woman, is short-lived IV l and glutted with agitation," observed the patriarch Job. (Job 14:1) How vital that we do not waste our short life on worth­ less concerns and endeavors! What pursuits should occupy our time, energy, and re­ sources? Which ones should be avoided? The words of wisdom recorded in the Bible book of Ecclesiastes give sound guidance in this regard. The message they convey "is able to discern thoughts and intentions of the heart" and can help us live a meaningful life. —Hebrews 4:12. Written by a man renowned for his wis­ dom, King Solomon of ancient Israel, the book of Ecclesiastes contains practical advice on what is truly worthwhile in life and what is valueless. Since Solomon refers to some of the building projects he had undertaken, he must have written Ecclesiastes after their completion and before his deflection from true worship. (Nehemiah 13:26) That places the time of writing before 1000 B.C.E., to­ ward the end of Solomon's 40-year reign. W HAT IS NOT VANITY? (Ecclesiastes 1 :1-6 :12) "Everything is vanity!" says the congregator, who asks: "What profit does a man have in all his hard work at which he works hard under the sun?" (Ecclesiastes 1: 2, 3) The expressions "vanity" and "under the sun" appear repeatedly in Ecclesiastes. The Hebrew word for "vani­ ty" literally means "breath" or "vapor" and suggests a

lack of substance, permanence, or endur­ ing value. The expression "under the sun" means "on this earth" or "in this world." Hence, everything—that is, all human striv­ ings that ignore God's will—is vanity. "Guard your feet whenever you go to the house of the true God," says Solomon, "and let there be a drawing near to hear." (Eccle­ siastes 5:1) Engaging in the true worship of Jehovah God is not vanity. In fact, giving at­ tention to our relationship with him is the key to living a meaningful life. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:4-10—W hat is there about the natural cycles that is "wearisome"? The congregator

mentions only three of the basic operations that make life on earth possible—the sun, the wind pattern, and the water cycle. In reality, the natural cycles are many, and they are very complex. One can spend a lifetime studying them and still not fully understand them. That can indeed be "wearisome." It is also frustrating to compare our short life span with the unending repetition of these cycles. Even attempts to make new discover­ ies are wearisome. After all, new inventions are nothing more than applications of prin­ ciples that the true God has established and has already used in creation. 2:1, 2 —Why is laughter spoken of as "in­ sanity"? Laughter may help us to forget

our troubles momentarily, and merrymak­ ing can cause us to view our problems lightly. However, laughter does not make our dif­ ficulties disappear. Hence, the pursuit of happiness through laughter is spoken of as "insanity." THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEM BER 1, 2006

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3:11—W hat has God made "pretty in its time"? Some of the things that Jehovah God

has made "pretty," or appropriate and good, at the proper time are the creation of Adam and Eve, the rainbow covenant, the covenant with Abraham, the Davidic covenant, the coming of the Messiah, and the enthrone­ ment of Jesus Christ as King of God's King­ dom. However, there is something else that Jehovah will make "pretty" in the near fu­ ture. We can be confident that the righteous new world will become a reality at its right time.—2 Peter 3:13. 3:15b—How does 'the true God keep seeking what is pursued'? 'What is pursued' may refer to what God purposes to do. While the repetitive cycles of birth and death and of war and peace may make man feel powerless and cause him to think that history keeps re­ peating itself, the true God can seek and ac­ complish all that He wants to. (Ecclesiastes 3: 1-10, 15a) 'What is pursued' may also apply to the righteous, who are often pursued by the wicked. In this case, Jehovah keeps seek­ ing righteous ones in order "to show his strength" in their behalf.—2 Chronicles 16:9. 5 :9 —How is 'the profit of the earth am ong them all'? All inhabitants of the

earth are dependent upon "the profit of the earth"—what the land produces. A king is no exception. To receive the produce of his field, the king has to be served by the hard work of his servants who cultivate the land.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:15. It is futile to spend time and energy trying to correct the oppression and injustice that we see today. Only God's Kingdom can do away with wickedness.—Daniel 2:44. 2:4-11. Cultural activities, such as architec­ ture, gardening, and music, as well as luxuri­ ous living are "a striving after wind" because they neither make life truly meaningful nor bring lasting happiness. 14

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 1, 2006

2:12-16. Wisdom has the advantage over folly in that it can help solve certain prob­ lems. Concerning death, however, human wisdom has no advantage. And even if one may have gained fame because of having such wisdom, one is soon forgotten. 2:24; 3:12, 13, 22. Enjoying the fruits of our labor is not wrong. 2:26. Godly wisdom, which brings joy, is given to 'a man who is good before Jehovah.' It is impossible to gain this wisdom without having a good relationship with God. 3:16, 17. To expect justice in every case is unrealistic. Rather than feel anxious about what is happening in the world today, we should wait on Jehovah to set matters straight. 4:4. Hard work skillfully done can bring satisfaction. Working hard simply to out­ shine others, however, promotes competi­ tion and can breed feelings of ill will and jealousy. Our hard work in the Christian ministry must stem from right motives. 4:7-12. Human relationships are more important than material possessions and should not be sacrificed in the pursuit of riches. 4:13. Position and age do not always win respect. Those in responsible positions should act wisely. 4:15, 16. "The child, who is second"—the king's successor—may initially have the sup­ port of 'all those people before him,' but 'af­ terward they do not rejoice in him.' Indeed, popularity is usually short-lived. 5:2. Our prayers should be thoughtful and reverential, not wordy. 5:3-7. Preoccupation with material con­ cerns can prompt one to daydream about selfish interests. It can also put one in a rest­ less, dreamy state of mind at night, depriving one of sweet sleep. An abundance of words can make a person appear foolish to others

and can cause him to make a rash vow before God. 'Fearing the true God' prevents us from doing either of these things. 6:1-9. What good are riches, glory, long life, and even a large family if circumstances prevent us from enjoying them? And "better is the seeing by the eyes,” or facing realities, than "the walking about of the soul ["soulful desire," footnote]," that is, striving to gratify desires that are impossible to satisfy. The best way to live, then, is to be content with "hav­ ing sustenance and covering" while enjoying wholesome things in life and focusing on maintaining a close relationship with Jeho­ vah.—1 Timothy 6:8. CO U N SEL TO TH E W ISE (Ecclesiastes 7 :1-1 2:8) How can we safeguard our good name, or reputation? What should be our attitude to­ ward human rulers and injustices that we may witness? Since the dead are conscious of nothing, how should we use our life now? In what way can youths use their time and ener­ gy wisely? The congregator's sound advice on these and other matters is recorded for us in chapters 7 to 12 of Ecclesiastes. Scriptural Questions Answered: 7:19—How is wisdom stronger than "ten men in power"? When used figuratively in

the Bible, the number ten represents com­ pleteness. Solomon is saying that the protecOne of the prettiest of Cod's handiworks will become a reality at its right time

five value of wisdom is greater than a com­ plete number of warriors guarding a city. 10:2—W hat does it mean that one's heart is "at his right hand" or "at his left hand"?

Since the right hand often denotes the posi­ tion of favor, a person's heart being at his right hand means that his heart motivates him to do good. If it moves an individual to pursue a wrong course, though, his heart is said to be at his left hand. 10:15—How does 'the hard work of the stupid ones make them weary'? If someone

lacks good judgment, his hard work fails to produce anything really worthwhile. He gains no satisfaction from it. Such tireless striving only makes him weary. 11:7,8—W hat is the meaning of the state­ ment: "The light is also sweet, and it is good for the eyes to see the sun." The light and

the sun are for the enjoyment of the living. Solomon is stating here that it is good to be alive and that we should "rejoice" before the days of darkness, or old age, rob us of vitality. 11:10—Why are "youth and the prime of life" vanity? If not used properly, these are

vanity because, like vapor, the days of youth­ ful vigor disappear quickly. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 7:6. Laughter at an inappropriate time is as irritating and useless as the crackling of thorns burning under a pot. We do well to guard against it. 7:21, 22. We should not be overly con­ cerned about what others say.

Cod's gifts include food, drink, and seeing good for all our hard work

8:2, 3; 10:4. When we are criticized or cor­ rected by a supervisor or an employer, it is wise to remain calm. This is better than to 'hurry and go out from before him/ that is, to resign hastily. 8:8; 9:5-10, 12. Our life can end as un­ expectedly as when fish are caught in a net or birds in a trap. Moreover, no one can restrain the life force from departing at death, nor can anyone be discharged from the war that death wages against mankind. Hence, we should not idly waste time. Jehovah wants us to value life and enjoy it in a wholesome way. To do this, we should give Jehovah's service the first place in our life. 8:16,17. The full scope of everything that God has done and has allowed to happen among mankind cannot be fathomed, even if we were to lose sleep over it. Worrying about all the wrongs that have been commit­ ted will only rob us of enjoyment in life. 9:16-18. Wisdom is to be valued even when there is a general lack of appreciation for it. The calmly spoken words of a wise per­ son are to be preferred to the boisterous shouts of a stupid one. 10:1. We must be careful about our speech and actions. Just one indiscretion, such as an angry outburst, one act of the misuse of alco­ hol, or an incident involving unchaste sexual behavior, is enough to ruin the good reputa­ tion of a respected person. 16

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 1, 2006

10:5-11. An incompetent per­ son in high office is not to be envied. Incompetence in per­ forming even a simple task can have bad consequences. Rather, cultivating the ability to 'use wisdom to succeed' is advan­ tageous. How important it is that we become competent in the Kingdom­ preaching and disciple-making work! 11:1, 2. We should practice wholehearted generosity. It begets generosity.—Luke 6:38. 11:3-6. Life's uncertainties should not make us indecisive. 11:9; 12:1-7. Young people are accountable to Jehovah. Therefore, they should use their time and energy in God's service before old age robs them of their vigor. "THE W O RDS OF THE W ISE ONES" TO GU IDE US (Ecclesiastes 12:9-14) How should we view "the delightful words'' that the congregator sought to find and write? In contrast with the "many books'' of human wisdom, "the words of the wise ones are like oxgoads, and just like nails driven in are those indulging in collections of sentences; they have been given from one shepherd." (Ecclesiastes 12:10-12) The words of wisdom given from the "one shepherd," Jehovah, have a stabilizing effect on our life. Applying the wise counsel found in the book of Ecclesiastes will indeed help us to lead a meaningful and happy life. Moreover, we are assured: "It will turn out well with those fearing the true God." Let us, then, be firm in our determination to "fear the true God and keep his commandments."—Eccle­ siastes 8:12; 12:13.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Song o f Solom on / / T IKE a lily among thorny weeds, so is my 1—/ girl companion among the daugh­ ters." "Like an apple tree among the trees of the forest, so is my dear one among the sons.” “Who is this woman that is looking down like the dawn, beautiful like the full moon, pure like the glowing sun?” (Song of Solomon 2:2,3; 6:10) How sublime are these verses from the Bible book Song of Solo­ mon! The entire book is a poem so full of meaning and beauty that it is called "the most beautiful (most excellent) song.”—Song of Solomon 1:1, footnote. Composed by King Solomon of ancient Israel, likely about 1020 B.C.E., during the early part of his 40-year reign, this song is a love story of a shep­ herd boy and a country girl, a Shulammite. Among others mentioned in the poem are the girl's mother and brothers, "daughters of Jerusalem [court ladies]," and "daughters of Zion [women of Jerusalem].” (Song of Solomon 1:5; 3:11) It is challenging for a Bible reader to identify all the speakers in the Song of Solomon, but it is possible by considering what they say or what is said to them. As part of God's Word, the message of the Song of Solomon is of great value for two reasons. (Hebrews 4:12) First, it teaches us what true love between a man and a woman is. Second, the song illustrates the type of love that exists between Jesus Christ and the congregation of anointed Christians.—2 Co­ rinthians 11:2; Ephesians 5:25-31.

DO NOT TRY TO "AROUSE LOVE IN ME" (Song of Solom on 1:1 —3:5) "May he kiss me with the kisses of his mouth, for your expressions of endearment are better than wine.” (Song of Solomon 1:2) The dialogue in the Song of Solomon opens with these words of a humble country girl who is brought into the royal tent of Sol­ omon. How did she get there? “The sons of my own mother grew angry with me,” she says. "They appointed me the keeper of the vineyards." Her brothers are angry with her because the shepherd boy whom she loves has invited her to go for a walk with him on a lovely spring day. To prevent her from going, they have assigned her to guard against "the little foxes that are making spoil of the vineyards.” This work brings her close to Solomon's camp. Her beauty is no­ ticed when she goes down "to the garden of nut trees," and she is brought into the camp. —Song of Solomon 1:6; 2:10-15; 6:11. As the maiden expresses her longing for her beloved shepherd, the court ladies tell her to 'go out for herself in the footprints of the flock' and look for him. But Solomon does not permit her to go. Expressing his ad­ miration for her beauty, he promises her "circlets of gold . . . along with studs of sil­ ver.” The girl, though, is not impressed. The shepherd boy makes his way into Solomon's camp, finds her, and exclaims: "Look! You are beautiful, O girl companion of mine. Look! You are beautiful." The young maiden puts the court ladies under oath: "Try not to THE W ATCHTOW ER • NOVEM BER 15, 2006

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awaken or arouse love in me until it feels in­ clined."—Song of Solomon 1:8-11, 15; 2:7; 3:5. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:2, 3—Why is the remembrance of the shepherd boy's expressions of endearment like wine and his name like oil? Just as wine makes the heart of a man rejoice and the pouring of oil on the head is soothing, the memory of the boy's love and his name strengthened and comforted the maiden. (Psalm 23:5; 104:15) True Christians, partic­ ularly anointed ones, likewise find strength and encouragement in reflecting upon the love that Jesus Christ has shown toward them. 1:5—Why does the country girl liken her swarthy appearance to "the tents of Kedar"? Goat's hair, made into fabric, had many uses. (Numbers 31:20) For example, "cloths of goat's hair" were used to make "the tent upon the tabernacle." (Exodus 26:7) As is true of Bedouin tents even today, the tents of Kedar may well have been made of black goat's hair. 1:15—What does the shepherd boy mean when he says: "Your eyes are those of doves"? The shepherd boy is saying that the eyes of his girl companion are soft and gen­ tle in appearance, as are those of doves. 2:7; 3:5—Why are the court ladies put under oath "by the female gazelles or by the hinds of the field"? Ga­ zelles and hinds are noted for their gracefulness and beauty. In effect, the Shu-

lammite maiden is obligating the court la­ dies by everything that is graceful and beau­ tiful to refrain from trying to awaken love in her. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:2; 2:6. Clean expressions of endearment may be appropriate during courtship. How­ ever, a couple should take care that these are manifestations of genuine affection and not of unclean passion, which may pave the way for sexual immorality.—Galatians 5:19. 1:6; 2:10-15. The Shulammite's brothers did not allow their sister to go with her be­ loved to an isolated place in the mountains but not because she was immoral or did not have proper motives. Rather, they took a precautionary measure intended to prevent her from getting into a situation that might lead to temptation. The lesson for courting couples is that they should avoid secluded places. 2:1-3, 8, 9. Though beautiful, the Shulammite maiden modestly viewed herself as "a mere saffron [a com­ mon flower] of the coast­ al plain.” Because of her beauty and faithfulness to Jehovah, the shep­ herd boy thought of her as "a lily among thorny weeds." And what can be said about him? Because he was handsome, What does the Song of Solomon teach us to look for in a marriage mate?

to her he resembled "a gazelle." He must also have been spiritually inclined and devoted to Jehovah. "Like an apple tree [that pro­ vides shade and fruit] among the trees of the forest," she says, "so is my dear one among the sons." Are not faith and devotion to God desirable qualities to look for in a prospec­ tive marriage mate? 2:7; 3:5. The country girl felt no romantic attraction to Solomon. She also put the court ladies under oath not to try to arouse in her love for anyone other than the shep­ herd boy. It is neither possible nor proper to feel romantic love for just anyone. A single Christian desiring to marry should consider only a loyal servant of Jehovah.—1 Corinthi­ ans 7:39. "W HAT DO YOU PEOPLE BEH O LD IN TH E SHULAM M ITE?" (Song of Solom on 3 :6 -8 :4 ) Something "is coming up from the wilder­ ness like columns of smoke." (Song of Solo­ mon 3:6) What do the women of Jerusalem see when they go out to look? Why, Solo­ mon and his attendants are returning to the city! And the king has brought the Shulammite maiden with him. The shepherd boy has followed the maid­ en and soon finds a way to see her. As he as­ sures her of his love, she expresses her desire to leave the city, saying: "Until the day breathes and the shadows have fled, I shall go my way to the mountain of myrrh and to the hill of frankincense." She invites the shepherd to "come into his garden and eat its choicest fruits." He answers: "I have come into my garden, O my sister, my bride." The women of Jerusalem say to them: "Eat, O companions! Drink and become drunk with expressions of endearment!"—Song of Solomon 4:6,16; 5:1. After relating a dream to the court ladies, the Shulammite maiden says to them: "I am

lovesick." They ask: "How is your dear one more than any other dear one?" She replies: "My dear one is dazzling and ruddy, the most conspicuous of ten thousand." (Song of Solomon 5:2-10) To Solomon's lavish praise, she humbly replies: "What do you people behold in the Shulammite?" (Song of Solomon 6:4-13) Viewing this as an op­ portunity to win her over, the king showers her with more compliments. The girl, how­ ever, remains steadfast in her love for the shepherd boy. Solomon finally lets her go home. Scriptural Questions Answered: 4:1; 6:5—Why is the maiden's hair com­ pared to "a drove of goats"? The compari­ son suggests that her hair was shiny and lux­ uriant like the black hair of goats. 4:11—What is significant about the Shulammite's Tips dripping with comb honey' and 'honey and milk being under her tongue'? Comb honey is more flavorful and sweeter than honey that has been exposed to air. This comparison, as well as the idea that honey and milk were under the maid­ en's tongue, emphasizes the goodness and pleasantness of the words spoken by the Shulammite. 5:12—What is the thought behind the expression "his eyes are like doves by the channels of water, which are bathing themselves in milk"? The maiden is speak­ ing of her beloved's beautiful eyes. Perhaps she is poetically likening the dark iris sur­ rounded by the white of his eyes to blue-gray doves bathing in milk. 5:14,15—Why are the shepherd's hands and legs described in this way? The maiden is apparently referring to the shepherd's fin­ gers as gold cylinders and to his nails as chrysolite. She likens his legs to "pillars of marble" because they are strong and beauti­ ful. THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEM BER 15, 2006

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6:4, footnote—Does "Pleasant City" refer to Jerusalem? No. "Pleasant City" is "Tirzah." This Canaanite city was captured by Joshua, and after Solomon's time it became the first capital of the northern ten-tribe kingdom of Israel. (Joshua 12:7, 24; 1 Kings 16:5, 6, 8, 15) "It appears that the city must have been a very beautiful one," says one reference work, "which would account for its mention here." 6:13, footnote—What is "the dance of two camps"? This expression can also be rendered the "dance of Mahanaim." The city bearing that name was located on the east side of the Jordan River near the torrent valley of Jabbok. (Genesis 32:2,22; 2 Samuel 2:29) "The dance of two camps" may refer to a certain dance held at that city in connec­ tion with a festival. 7:4—Why does Solomon liken the neck of the Shulammite maiden to "an ivory tower"? Earlier, the girl received this compli­ ment: "Your neck is like the tower of David." (Song of Solomon 4:4) A tower is long and slender, and ivory is smooth. Solomon is impressed with the slenderness and the smoothness of the girl's neck. Lessons for Us:__________________________ 4:7. By resisting Solomon's enticements, the Shulammite, though imperfect, proved herself to be without moral defect. Her moral

In O

ur

N e x t Is s u e

The Antichrist Exposed It Pays to Be Honest Love the God Who Loves You

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THE W ATCHTOW ER • NOVEM BER 15, 2006

strength thus enhanced her physical beauty. That should also be true of Christian women. 4:12. Like a beautiful garden enclosed by a hedge or a wall, which could be accessed only through a locked gate, the Shulammite maiden made her tender affections available only to her future husband. What a fine ex­ ample for unmarried Christian women and men! "TH E FLAME OF JAH " (S o n g of S olom on 8 : 5 - 1 4 )

"Who is this woman coming up from the wilderness, leaning upon her dear one?" ask the Shulammite's brothers when they see her return home. Some time earlier, one of them had said: "If she should be a wall, we shall build upon her a battlement of silver; but if she should be a door, we shall block her up with a cedar plank." Now that the constancy of the Shulammite's love has been tested and proved, she says: "I am a wall, and my breasts are like towers. In this case I have become in his eyes like her that is finding peace."—Song of Solomon 8:5, 9,10. True love is "the flame of Jah." Why? Be­ cause such love originates with Jehovah. He is the One who has put in us the capacity to love. It is a flame whose blazings are inextin­ guishable. The Song of Solomon beautifully illustrates that love between a man and a woman can be "as strong [unfailing] as death is."—Song of Solomon 8:6. Solomon's superlative song also sheds light on the bond that exists between Jesus Christ and the members of his heavenly "bride." (Revelation 21:2, 9) Jesus' love for anointed Christians surpasses any love be­ tween a man and a woman. The members of the bride class are unyielding in their devo­ tion. Jesus lovingly gave his life for the "oth­ er sheep" too. (John 10:16) All true worship­ pers, then, can imitate the Shulammite's example of unwavering love and devotion.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Isaiah—I

pie do not serve the true // T A 7 H O M shal l I God acceptably. Isaiah is V V send, and who commissioned to go and will go for us?" To this speak "again and again" to in vitation from Je h o ­ those who neither under­ vah God, Isaiah the son stand nor want any knowl­ of Amoz replies: "Here edge. I am! Send me." (Isaiah 1:1; 6:8) At that, he re­ Judah is threatened with ceives an assignment as invasion by the combined prophet. Isaiah's prophet forces of Israel and Syr­ ic activities are recorded in ia. Using Isaiah and his the Bible book bearing his children "as signs and name. as miracles," Jehovah as­ Written by the prophet sures Judah that the Syrohimself, the book of Isaiah Israelite alliance will not suc­ covers a period of 46 years, ceed. (Isaiah 8:18) Unending from about 778 B.C.E. to some­ peace, though, will come only Isaiah and his children time after 732 B.C.E. While through the rule of the "Prince were “as signs and as miracles in Israel" the book contains pronounce­ of Peace." (Isaiah 9:6, 7) Jeho­ ments against Judah, Israel, vah shall also call to account and surrounding nations, its basic theme is Assyria, the nation that he uses as "the rod not judgment. Rather, it is 'the salvation by for [his] anger." Judah will eventually go into Jehovah God.' (Isaiah 25:9) The very name captivity, but "a mere remnant will return." Isaiah, in fact, means "Salvation of Jehovah." (Isaiah 10:5, 21,22) True justice is to become This article will discuss highlights from Isa­ a reality under the rule of a figurative "twig iah 1:1-35:10. out of the stump of Jesse."—Isaiah 11:1. "A MERE REM NANT W ILL RETURN" (Isaiah 1 :1 -1 2 :6 ) Whether the prophetic message recorded in the first five chapters of the book of Isaiah is delivered before Isaiah's appointment as a prophet or after, the Bible does not say. (Isa­ iah 6:6-9) What is clear, though, is that Judah and Jerusalem are spiritually sick "from the sole of the foot even to the head." (Isaiah 1:6) Idolatry is rampant. Leaders are cor­ rupt. Women have become haughty. Peo8

THE W ATCHTOW ER • DECEM BER 1, 2006

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:8 ,9—How is the daughter of Zion to be "left remaining like a booth in a vineyard, like a lookout hut in a field of cucumbers"? This means that during the Assyrian inva­ sion, Jerusalem will look extremely vulner­ able, like a mere booth in a vineyard or an easily collapsible hut in a cucumber field. But Jehovah comes to her aid and thus does not allow her to become like Sodom and Go­ morrah.

1:18—W h at is m ean t by the words: "Come, now, you people, and let us set m at­ ters straight between us"? This is not an in­

vitation to talk things over and reach a mutual agreement by having give-and-take discussions. Instead, the verse refers to estab­ lishing a forum of justice in which the righ­ teous Judge, Jehovah, gives Israel an oppor­ tunity to change and cleanse herself. 6:8a—Why are the pronouns "I" and "us" used here? The pronoun "I" stands for Jeho­

vah God. The plural pronoun "us" indicates that there is another person with Jehovah. This, of course, is his "only-begotten Son." -Jo h n 1:14; 3:16. 6:11—W hat did Isaiah mean when he asked: "How long, O Jehovah?" Isaiah was

not asking how long he would have to deliv­ er Jehovah's message to unresponsive peo­ ple. Rather, he wanted to know how long the spiritually sick condition of the people would continue to bring dishonor to God's name. Jerusalem was to become "like a booth in a vineyard"

7:3, 4 —Why did Jehovah extend salva­ tion to wicked King Ahaz? The kings of Syr­

ia and Israel planned to dethrone King Ahaz of Judah and install in his place a puppet rul­ er, the son of Tabeel—a man who was not a descendant of David. This diabolical scheme would have the effect of interrupting the op­ eration of the Kingdom covenant with Da­ vid. Jehovah extended salvation to Ahaz in order to preserve the line through which the promised "Prince of Peace" would come. —Isaiah 9:6. 7:8—How was Ephraim "shattered to pieces" within 65 years? The deportation of

the people from the ten-tribe kingdom and the repopulation of the land with foreigners began "in the days of Pekah the king of Isra­ el," shortly after Isaiah uttered this prophecy. (2 Kings 15:29) It continued long thereafter into the days of the Assyrian King Esarhaddon, a son and successor of Sennacherib. (2 Kings 17:6; Ezra 4:1, 2; Isaiah 37:37, 38) This ongoing Assyrian transplantation of people to and from Samaria allows for the pe­ riod of 65 years mentioned at Isaiah 7:8. 11:1,10—How can Jesus Christ be "a twig out of the stump of Jesse" as well as "the root of Jesse"? (Romans 15:12) Jesus was

"out of the stump of Jesse" in a fleshly way. He was a descendant of Jesse through Jesse's son David. (Matthew 1:1-6; Luke 3:23-32) However, the receiving of the kingly power affects Jesus' relationship with his ancestors. By virtue of his having been given power and authority to grant obedient mankind ever­ lasting life on earth, Jesus becomes their "Eternal Father." (Isaiah 9:6) Hence, he is also "the root" of his ancestors, including Jesse. Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:3. To refuse to live by what our Cre­ ator requires of us is to know less than a bull or an ass. On the other hand, building THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 1, 2006

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ters 24 to 27 is accompanied by the promise appreciation for all that Jehovah has done for of restoration. Jehovah expresses his anger at us will deter us from behaving without un­ "the drunkards of Ephraim [Israel]" for form­ derstanding and leaving him. ing an alliance with Syria and at "priest and 1:11-13. Hypocritical religious ceremonies prophet" of Judah for seeking an alliance and formalistic prayers are wearisome to Je­ with Assyria. (Isaiah 28:1, 7) Woe is pro­ hovah. Our actions and prayers should stem nounced upon "Ariel [Jerusalem]” for "set­ from a right heart motive. ting out to go down to Egypt" for protection. 1:25-27; 2:2; 4:2,3. Slavery and the desola­ (Isaiah 29:1, footnote; 30:1, 2) Still, salvation tion of Judah were to end with the return of is foretold for individuals who exercise faith the repentant remnant to Jerusalem and the in Jehovah. restoration of true worship. Jehovah is merci­ Like 'a maned young lion growling ful to repentant wrongdoers. over its prey,' Jehovah will guard 2:2-4. Our having a zeal­ "Mount Zion." (Isaiah 31:4) There is ous share in the Kingdom­ also a promise: "Look! A king will preaching and disciple­ reign for righteousness itself." m aking work helps (Isaiah 32:1) While the As­ individuals from many syrian threat to Judah caus­ nations to learn the ways es even "the very messenof peace and to pursue v gers of peace" to weep peace with one another. ■ 3 ^ “ bitterly, Jehovah promis4:4. Jehovah will remove, ' es that his people will be or wash away, moral filthi­ healed, "pardoned for their ness and bloodguilt. error." (Isaiah 33:7,22-24) "Je­ 5:11-13. To shed restraint hovah has indignation against and moderation in one's choice How arepeople from the all the nations, and rage against of recreation is to refuse to act nations being helped all their army." (Isaiah 34:2) Ju­ according to knowledge.—Ro­ to "beat their swords dah will not remain desolate. into plowshares"? mans 13:13. "The wilderness and the water­ 5:21-23. Christian elders, or less region will exult, and the desert plain overseers, must avoid being "wise in their will be joyful and blossom as the saffron.” own eyes." They also need to exercise moder­ —Isaiah 35:1. ation in "drinking wine" and must refrain Scriptural Questions Answ ered: from showing favoritism. 13:17—In what way did the Medes con­ 11:3a. Jesus' example and teachings show sider silver as nothing and take no delight that there is joy in the fear of Jehovah. in gold? The Medes and the Persians regard­ "JEHOVAH W ILL SHOW ed the glory resulting from a conquest more M ERCY TO JACOB" highly than the spoils of war. This proved true in the case of Cyrus, who gave the re­ (Isaiah 13 :1-35:1 0) turning exiles the gold and silver utensils Chapters 13 to 23 are pronouncements that Nebuchadnezzar had looted from Jeho­ against the nations. However, "Jehovah will vah's temple. show mercy to Jacob" by allowing all tribes 14:1, 2—How did Jehovah's people be­ of Israel to return home. (Isaiah 14:1) The come "the captors of those holding them message of desolation for Judah in chap­ 10

THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 1, 2006

captive" and "have in subjection those who were driving them to work"? This was ful­

filled in the case of such individuals as Dan­ iel, who held a high office in Babylon under the Medes and the Persians; Esther, who be­ came a Persian queen; and Mordecai, who was appointed prime minister of the Persian Empire. 2 0 :2-5—Did Isaiah really walk about completely naked for three years? Isaiah

possibly took off his outer garment only and walked about "lightly clad."—1 Samuel 19: 24, footnote. 21:1—W hat region is called "the wilder­ ness of the sea"? Even though Babylon was

nowhere near the actual sea, it is referred to this way. This is because the overflowing wa­ ters of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers flood­ ed the region annually, creating a marshy "sea." 24:13-16—How would the Jews become "in am ong the peoples, like the beating off of the olive tree, like the gleaning when the grape gathering has com e to an end"? Just

as some fruit is left on a tree or a vine after the harvest, only a few would survive the de­ struction of Jerusalem and Judah. Wherever the survivors were deported, whether to "the region of light [Babylon in the East]" or to “the islands of the [Mediterranean] sea," they would glorify Jehovah. 24:21—W ho are "the arm y of the height" and "the kings of the ground"? "The army

of the height" could well refer to the wicked spirit forces. "The kings of the ground,” then, are the earthly rulers, over whom the demons have powerful influence.—1 John 5:19. 2 5 :7 —W hat is "the envelopment that is enveloping over all the peoples, and the woven work th at is interwoven upon all the nations"? This comparison draws attention

to two great enemies of mankind—sin and death.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 13:20-22; 14:22,23; 21:1-9. Jehovah's pro­ phetic word always comes true, as it did in the case of Babylon. 17:7, 8. Though most in Israel did not lis­ ten, some individuals looked to Jehovah. Similarly, some in Christendom respond to the Kingdom message. 28:1-6. Israel will fall to Assyria, but God will see to it that faithful individuals survive. Jehovah's judgments do not leave the righ­ teous without hope. 28:23-29. Jehovah readjusts sincere indi­ viduals according to their specific needs and circumstances. 30:15. Salvation by Jehovah requires that we show faith by "resting," or refrain­ ing, from seeking salvation through human schemes. By "keeping undisturbed," or not being fearful, we also demonstrate trust in Je­ hovah's ability to protect us. 30:20,21. We 'see' Jehovah and "hear" his voice of salvation by heeding what he says through his inspired Word, the Bible, and through "the faithful and discreet slave." —Matthew 24:45. Isaiah's Prophecy Fortifies Our Confidence in God's Word How thankful we can be for God's message in the book of Isaiah! The prophecies that have already been fulfilled fortify our confi­ dence that the 'word that goes forth from Je­ hovah's mouth will not return to him without results.'—Isaiah 55:11. What about the Messianic prophecies, such as those found at Isaiah 9:7 and 11:1-5,10? Do they not strengthen our faith in Jehovah's provision for our salvation? The book also contains prophecies whose major fulfillments are taking place in our day or will yet occur. (Isaiah 2:2-4; 11:6-9; 25:6-8; 32:1, 2) Indeed, the book of Isaiah adds to the evidence that "the word of God is alive"!—Hebrews 4:12. THE W ATCHTOW ER • DECEM BER 1, 2006

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Isaiah—II

SAIAH is faithfully carrying out his com­ mission as a prophet. The pronounce­ ments he has uttered against the ten-tribe kingdom of Israel have already come true. Now he has further word about the future of Jerusalem. The city of Jerusalem will be destroyed, and its inhabitants will be taken captive. The desolation, though, will not be permanent. After a time, true worship will be restored. This is the basic message of Isaiah 36:1-66: 2 4 * We stand to benefit from considering what is stated in these chapters because many of the prophecies in this section are having their major, or final, fulfillment in our day or will be fulfilled in the near future. This part of the book of Isaiah also contains exciting prophecies concerning the Messiah.

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"LOOK! DAYS ARE COMING" (Isaiah 36:1-39:8) In the 14th year of King Hezekiah's reign (732 B.C.E.), the Assyrians invade Judah. Je* For a discussion of Isaiah 1:1-35:10, see "Jehovah's Word Is Alive—Highlights From the Book of Isaiah—I" in the December 1, 2006, issue of The Watchtower.

hovah promises to defend Jerusalem. The threat of invasion ends when Jehovah's an­ gel single-handedly kills 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. Hezekiah falls sick. Jehovah answers his prayer and heals him, adding 15 years to his life. W hen the king of Babylon sends em is­ saries to congratulate him, Hezekiah un­ wisely shows them all his treasures. Isaiah delivers Jehovah's message to Hezekiah, say­ ing: "Look! Days are coming, and all that is in your own house and that your forefathers have stored up down to this day will actually be carried to Babylon." (Isaiah 39:5, 6) A lit­ tle over 100 years later, the prophecy comes true. Scriptural Questions Answered: 3 8 :8 —W hat were "the steps" on which the shadow was made to recede? Since sun­ dials were in use both in Egypt and in Bab­ ylon by the eighth century B.C.E., these steps could refer to the degrees of a sundial that Hezekiah's father, Ahaz, m ight have ac­ quired. Or there might have been a staircase inside the palace. A colum n alongside the stairs perhaps gradually cast a shadow on the steps, which could serve to measure time. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 36:2, 3, 22. Though dismissed from serv­ ing as a steward, Shebna was allowed to con­ tinue in the king's service as a secretary to

Do you know the primary reason why Hezekiah prayed to be saved from the Assyrians?

his replacement. (Isaiah 2 2:15,19) If we are removed from a position o f responsibility in Jehovah's organization for some reason, should we not continue to serve God in whatever capacity he permits? 37:1, 14, 15; 3 8:1, 2. In times of distress, we are wise to turn to Jehovah in prayer and place our full trust in him. 37:15-20; 3 8 :2 , 3. W hen Jerusalem was under the Assyrian threat, Hezekiah's prime concern was that her overthrow would bring reproach on Jehovah's name. Upon learning that his sickness would prove fatal, Hezekiah had concerns that went beyond himself. W hat weighed more heavily on his mind was what his dying heirless would mean for the Davidic line o f kings. He was also concerned about who would lead the fight against the Assyrians. Like Hezekiah, we consider the sanctification of Jehovah's name and the outworking of his purpose more important than our own salvation. 38 :9 -2 0 . This song o f Hezekiah teaches us that nothing is more im portant in life than to be able to praise Jehovah. "SHE WILL BE REBUILT" (Isaiah 40:1-59:21) Immediately after foretelling the destruc­ tion of Jerusalem and the resulting captivity in Babylon, Isaiah prophesies about restora­ tion. (Isaiah 40:1, 2) "She [Jerusalem] will be rebuilt,” states Isaiah 44:28. Idols of Babylonian gods will be carried away like "pieces of luggage." (Isaiah 46:1) Babylon will be destroyed. All of this comes true two centuries later. Jehovah will give his servant as "a light of the nations." (Isaiah 49:6) The Babylonian "heavens," or ruling class, will be "dispersed in fragments just like smoke," and her sub­ jects "will die like a mere gnat”; but the 'cap­ tive daughter of Zion will loosen for herself

the bands on her neck.' (Isaiah 51:6; 52:2) To those who com e to him and listen, Jeho­ vah says: "I shall readily conclude with you people an indefinitely lasting covenant re­ specting the loving-kindnesses to David.” (Isaiah 55:3) Living in harmony with God's righteous requirements leads to finding "ex­ quisite delight in Jehovah." (Isaiah 58:14) The errors of the people, on the other hand, 'cause division between them and their God.'—Isaiah 59:2. Scriptural Questions Answered: 40:27, 2 8 —Why did Israel say: "My way has been concealed from Jehovah, and jus­ tice to me eludes m y God"? Some Jews in Babylon may have felt that the injustices they were suffering were concealed from Je­ hovah or unseen by him. They were remind­ ed that Babylon was not beyond the reach of the Creator of the earth, who does not tire out or grow weary. 43:18-21—W hy were the returning exiles told 'not to remember the form er things'? This was not in the sense that they should forget Jehovah's past deeds of deliverance. Rather, Jehovah wanted them to praise him on the basis of "som ething new" that they would experience themselves, such as their safe journey to Jerusalem, perhaps by a more direct desert route. "A great crowd" who come out of "the great tribulation" will also have new and personal reasons to glorify Je­ hovah.—Revelation 7:9,14. 4 9 :6 —How is the Messiah "a light of the nations," even though his earthly ministry was limited to the sons of Israel? This is so because of what happened after Jesus' death. The Bible applies Isaiah 49:6 to his disciples. (Acts 13:46, 47) Today, anointed Christians, aided by a great crowd of worshippers, serve as "a light of the nations,” enlightening peo­ ples "to the extremity of the earth.”—Mat­ thew 24:14; 28:19, 20. THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2007

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5 3 :1 0 —In what sense did Jehovah take delight in crushing his Son? It must have pained Jehovah, the compassionate and empathetic God, to see his beloved Son suffer. Even so, He took delight in Jesus' willing obedience and all that his suffering and death would accomplish.—Proverbs 27:11; Isaiah 63:9. 5 3 :1 1 —W hat is the knowledge by means of which the Messiah "will bring a righ­ teous standing to many people"? This is the knowledge that Jesus acquired by coming to earth, becoming a man, and suffering un­ justly as far as death. (Hebrews 4:15) He thus provided a ransom sacrifice, which was needed to help anointed Christians and the great crowd to acquire a righteous standing before God.—Romans 5:19; James 2 :23,25. 5 6 :6 —W ho are "the foreigners," and in what ways are they "laying hold of [Jeho­ vah's] covenant"? "The foreigners" are Je­ sus' "other sheep." (John 10:16) They lay hold of the new covenant in that they obey the laws related to that covenant, co­ operate fully with the arrangements made through it, partake of the same spiritual food as anointed Christians do, and sup­ port them in the Kingdom-preaching and disciple-making work. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 40:10-14, 26, 28. Jehovah is strong and gentle, all-powerful and all-wise, and far greater in understanding than we can com ­ prehend. 40:17, 23; 4 1 :2 9 ; 4 4 :9 ; 59:4. Political alli­ ances and idols are 'unrealities.' Trusting in them has no value at all. 4 2 :1 8 ,1 9 ; 4 3 :8 . To close our eyes to God's written Word and to shut our ears to his in­ struction through "the faithful and discreet slave" is to becom e spiritually blind and deaf.—Matthew 24:45. 10

THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2007

4 3 :2 5 . Jehovah wipes out transgressions for his own sake. Our being freed from bondage to sin and death and gaining life is secondary to the sanctification o f Jehovah's name. 44:8. We have the backing o f Jehovah, who is as stable and firm as a rock. We should never be afraid to bear witness about his Godship!—2 Samuel 22:31,32. 44:18-20. Idolatry is a sign of corruption of the heart. Nothing should occupy the place of Jehovah in our heart. 46:10, 11. The ability to make 'his own counsel stand,' that is, to fulfill his purpose, is unmistakable proof of Jehovah's Godship. 4 8 :1 7 ,1 8 ; 57:19-21. If we look to Jehovah for salvation, draw close to him , and pay at­ tention to his commandments, our peace will be as plentiful as the waters of a flowing river and our righteous deeds as abundant as the waves of the sea. Those who pay no heed to God's Word are like "th e sea that is being tossed." They have no peace. 52:5, 6. The Babylonians wrongly con ­ cluded that the true God was weak. They did not recognize Jehovah's displeasure with his people as the reason for Israel's enslave­ ment. W hen calamity strikes others, we are wise not to jump to conclusions as to its cause. 52:7-9; 55:12, 13. We have at least three reasons to share joyfully in the Kingdom­ preaching and disciple-making work. Our feet are com ely to hum ble ones who hunger spiritually. We see Jehovah "eye into eye," or have a close relationship with him. We also enjoy spiritual prosperity. 52:11, 12. To be qualified to carry "the utensils of Jehovah"—his provisions for sa­ cred service—we must be spiritually and morally clean.

"How comely upon the mountains are the feet of the one bringing good news!" 58:1-14. Hypocritical displays of d ev o tio n and rig h te o u sn e s s are in vain. True worshippers should abound in genuine expressions of godly devotion and acts of brotherly love.—Jo h n 13:35; 2 Peter 3:11. 59:15b-19. Jehovah observes hu­ man affairs and intervenes in his own due time. SHE "MUST BECOME A CROWN OF BEAUTY" (Isaiah 60:1-66:24) Pointing to the restoration of true wor­ ship in ancient times as well as in our day, Isaiah 60:1 states: "Arise, O woman, shed forth light, for your light has com e and upon you the very glory o f Jehovah has shone forth.” Zion "m ust becom e a crown of beauty in the hand of Jehovah."—Isaiah 62:3. Isaiah prays to Jehovah in behalf of his countrym en who will be repentant during their exile in Babylon. (Isaiah 63:15-64:12) After contrasting true servants with false, the prophet declares how Jehovah will bless those serving Him.—Isaiah 65:1-66:24. Scriptural Questions Answered: 6 1 : 8 ,9 —W hat is the "indefinitely lasting covenant," and who are the "offspring"? This is the new covenant that Jehovah has concluded with anointed Christians. The "offspring" are the "other sheep"—the m il­ lions who respond to their message.—Joh n 10:16. 6 3 :5 —How does God's rage support him? God's rage is a controlled em otion —his righteous indignation. His rage sup­ ports and motivates him to execute his righ­ teous judgments.

Lessons for Us: 6 4 :6 . Im perfect hum ans ca n n o t save themselves. W hen it com es to making atonem ent for sins, their righteous acts am ount to nothing more than soiled gar­ ments.—Romans 3:23, 24. 6 5 :1 3 ,1 4 . Jehovah blesses his faithful ser­ vants, abundantly satisfying their spiritual need. 66:3-5. Jehovah hates hypocrisy. "Exult, You People" How com forting the restoration prophe­ cies must have been to the faithful Jews liv­ ing as exiles in Babylon! "Exult, you peo­ ple," said Jehovah, "and be joyful forever in what I am creating. For here I am creat­ ing Jerusalem a cause for joyfulness and her people a cause for exultation.”—Isaiah 65:18. We too live at a tim e when darkness envel­ ops the earth and the nations are in thick gloom. (Isaiah 60:2) "Critical times hard to deal with" are here. (2 Tim othy 3:1) There­ fore, Jehovah's message of salvation provid­ ed in the Bible book of Isaiah is o f great en­ couragement to us.—Hebrews 4:12. ••

THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2007

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Jeremiah

H

OW shocking the catastrophes that Jer­ emiah proclaimed to his own people must have sounded! The glorious temple that had been a center of worship for over three centuries would be burned to the ground. The city of Jerusalem and the land o f Judah would lie desolate, their inhabi­ tants taken captive. A record of these and other judgment proclamations appears in the second-largest book of the Bible, the book of Jeremiah. It also relates what Jerem i­ ah personally experienced as he faithfully carried out his 67-year-long ministry. The in­ formation in the book is presented, not in chronological order, but by subject. Why is the Bible book of Jerem iah of inter­ est to us? Its fulfilled prophecies fortify our faith in Jehovah as the Fulhller of his prom­ ises. (Isaiah 55:10, 11) Jeremiah's work as a prophet and the attitude of the people toward his message find parallels in our day. (1 Corinthians 10:11) More­ over, the record of how Jehovah dealt with his people highlights his qualities and should have a profound effect on us.—Hebrews 4:12. "TWO BAD THINGS THAT MY PEOPLE HAVE DONE" (Jeremiah 1:1-20:18) Jeremiah is commissioned as a prophet in the 13th year of the reign of Josiah, the king of Judah, 40 years prior to the destruction of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E. (Jeremiah 1:1, 2) Proclamations made most­ 8

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 1 5,2 00 7

ly during the remaining 18 years of Josiah's reign expose Judah's badness and pro­ nounce Jehovah's judgments against her. "I will make Jerusalem piles of stones," declares Jehovah, "and the cities of Judah I shall make a desolate waste, without an inhabitant." (Jeremiah 9:11) Why? "Because there are two bad things that my people have done," he says.—Jeremiah 2:13. The message is also about the restoration of a repentant remnant. (Jeremiah 3:14-18; 12:14, 15; 16:14-21) The messenger, though, is not well-received. "The leading commis­ sioner in the house of Jehovah" strikes Jere­ miah and puts him in stocks overnight.—Jer­ emiah 20:1-3. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:11, 12—W hy is Jeh o v ah 's keeping awake concerning his word associated with "an offshoot of an almond tree"? The almond tree is "one of the first trees to bloom Jeremiah's pronouncements included Jehovah's judgment against Jerusalem

in the spring." (Verse 11, footnote) Jehovah 4:10; 15:18—In what sense did Jehovah figuratively kept "getting up early and send­ deceive his renegade people? In Jeremiah's ing [his prophets]" to warn his people about day, there were prophets 'prophesying in his judgments and was "keeping awake" un­ falsehood.' (Jeremiah 5:31; 20:6; 23:16, 17, til their fulfillment.—Jeremiah 7:25. 25-28, 32) Jehovah did not prevent them from proclaiming misleading messages. 2:10, 11—W hat made the deeds of the unfaithful Israelites so unusual? While pa­ 16:16—W hat is implied by Jehovah's gan nations westward to Kittim and east­ "sending for many fishers" and "for many ward to Kedar might bring in deities of oth­ hunters"? This may refer to the sending er nations to add to their forth of enemy forces to look own, the idea of totally re­ for u n faith fu l Jews upon placing their gods with for­ whom Jehovah would exe­ eign ones was unheard of. cute his judgment. In view of However, the Israelites aban­ what Jerem iah 16:15 states, doned Jehovah, exchanging however, the verse could also the glory of the living God allude to the searching out of for lifeless idols. the repentant Israelites. 3 : 1 1 - 2 2 ; 1 1 : 1 0 - 1 2 , 17 2 0 :7 —In what way did Je­ —W hy did Je re m iah in ­ hovah 'use his strength' against Jerem iah and fool clude th e n o rth e rn tenhim? Because of facing indif­ tribe kingdom in his pro­ ference, rejection, and per­ nouncements, even though secu tio n w hen d eclarin g S a m a r ia h a d fa lle n in Jehovah's judgments, Jere740 B.C.E.? This was because miah might have felt that he the destruction of Jerusalem did not have the strength in 607 B.C.E. was an expres­ to continue. However, Jeho­ sion of Jehovah's judgment vah used his strength against on the entire nation of Isra­ How did Jehovah 'use his such inclinations, empowerel, not on Judah alone. (Eze­ strength' against Jeremiah? ing Jeremiah to continue. Je­ kiel 9:9, 10) Moreover, after hovah thus fooled Jeremiah its fall, the interests of the by using him to accomplish what the proph­ ten-tribe kingdom continued to be repre­ et himself thought he could not do. sented in Jerusalem, since the messages of God's prophets continued to include the Is­ Lessons for Us:__________________________________ raelites. 1:8. Jehovah may at times deliver his peo­ 4 :3 ,4 —W hat is the meaning of this com ­ ple from persecution—perhaps by raising up mand? Unfaithful Jews needed to prepare, fair-minded judges, by replacing hostile ofsoften, and cleanse the soil of their hearts. ficials with reasonable ones, or by imparting They had to remove "the foreskins" of their to his worshippers the strength to endure. hearts, that is, get rid of unclean thoughts, —1 Corinthians 10:13. feelings, and motives. (Jeremiah 9:25, 26; 2: 13, 18. Unfaithful Israelites did two bad Acts 7:51) This called for a change in lifestyle things. They left Jehovah, the sure source of —from carrying on what was bad to doing blessing, guidance, and protection. And they what brought God's blessing. THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2007

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"BRING YOUR NECKS UNDER THE YOKE hewed out for themselves their own figura­ tive cisterns by seeking to make military alli­ OF THE KING OF BABYLON" ances with Egypt and Assyria. In our time, to (Jeremiah 21:1-51:64) abandon the true God in favor of human Jeremiah pronounces judgments against philosophies and theories and worldly poli­ the last four kings of Judah as well as against tics is to replace "the source of living water" false prophets, bad shepherds, and corrupt with "broken cisterns." priests. Referring to the faith­ 6:16. Jehovah exhorts ful remnant as good figs, his rebellious people to Jehovah says: "I will set pause, exam ine th em ­ my eye upon them in selves, and find their way a good way." (Jeremiah back to "the roadways" 2 4 :5 ,6 ) Three prophecies of their faithful ancestors. in chapter 25 summarize Should we not examine our­ judgments expounded on selves from time to time to in later chapters. see if we are really walking in The priests and the proph­ the way Jehovah wants us to ets scheme to put Jerem iah to walk? death. His message is that they "Like these good figs, 7:1-15. Putting their trust in so I shall regard the exiles of must serve the king of Bab­ the temple, viewing it as some Judah."—Jeremiah 24:5 ylon. To King Zedekiah, Jere­ kind o f protective charm, did miah says: "Bring your necks not save the Jews. We should walk by faith, under the yoke of the king of Babylon." (Jer­ not by sight.—2 Corinthians 5:7. emiah 27:12) However, "the One scattering Israel will himself collect him [Israel] togeth­ 15:16,17. Like Jeremiah, we can fight dis­ er." (Jeremiah 31:10) For good reason, a couragement. We can do so by rejoicing in promise is made to the Rechabites. Jerem iah meaningful personal Bible study, by exalt­ is placed "in custody in the Courtyard of the ing Jehovah's name in the ministry, and by Guard." (Jeremiah 37:21) Jerusalem is de­ avoiding bad associations. stroyed, and most of its inhabitants are 17:1, 2. The sins of the people of Judah taken captive. Jeremiah and his secretary, made their sacrifices displeasing to Jehovah. Baruch, are among those left behind. De­ Moral uncleanness makes our sacrifices of spite Jerem iah's warning not to do so, those praise unacceptable. frightened people go to Egypt. Chapters 46 17:5-8. Humans and institutions are wor­ to 51 relate the word that Jerem iah speaks thy o f our trust only to the extent that they concerning the nations. act in harmony with God's will and divine principles. W hen it comes to such matters as salvation and genuine peace and security, we are wise to put our trust in Jehovah alone. —Psalm 146:3. 20:8-11. We should not allow apathy, op­ position, or persecution to dampen our zeal for the Kingdom-preaching work.—James 5:

10, 11. 10

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2007

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2 2 :3 0 —Did this decree an n u l Jesus Christ's right to ascend the throne of Da­ vid? (Matthew 1:1, 11) No, it did not. The decree barred any descendant of Jehoiachin from "sitting upon the throne of David. . . in Judah." Jesus was to rule from the heavens, not from a throne in Judah.

2 3 :3 3 —W hat is "the burden of Jeho­ vah"? In Jeremiah's day, the weighty pro­ nouncements uttered by the prophet regard­ ing Jerusalem's destruction were a burden to his fellow countrymen. In turn, the un­ responsive people were such a burden to Je ­ hovah that he would cast them off. Simi­ larly, the Scriptural message regarding the coming destruction of Christendom is a bur­ den to Christendom, and the people who give no heed are wearisome to God. 3 1 :3 3 —How is God's law w ritten in hearts? W hen a person loves God's law so much that he has a fervent desire to do Jeho­ vah's will, it can be said that God's law is written in his heart. 3 2 :1 0 -1 5 —W h at was th e purpose of making two deeds of the same transac­ tion? The deed left open was for consulta­ tion. The sealed deed served as a backup to verify the accuracy of the open one if needed. By following reasonable legal proce­ dures even when dealing with a relative and fellow believer, Jerem iah set an example for us. 3 3 :23, 2 4 —W hat are "the two families" spoken of here? One is the royal family through the line of King David, and the oth­ er, the priestly family of the descendants of Aaron. W ith the destruction of Jerusalem and Jehovah's temple, it appeared that Jeho­ vah had rejected these two families and would no longer have a kingdom over the earth or have his worship revived. 4 6 :2 2 —W hy is the voice of Egypt likened to that of a serpent? This may refer either to a hissing retreat or to the lowness of her na­ tional voice because of experiencing disas­ ter. The analogy also shows how futile it was for Egyptian Pharaohs to wear a rep­ resentation of the sacred snake on their headdress for supposed protection by the serpent-goddess Uatchit.

Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 2 1 :8 ,9 ; 38:19. Even at the last hour, Jeho­ vah provided a choice for the unrepentant inhabitants of Jerusalem, who deserved to die. Yes, "many are his mercies."—2 Samuel 24:14; Psalm 119:156. 31:34. How com forting it is to know that Jehovah does not recall the sins of those he forgives and take action against them in the future! 3 8 :7 -1 3 ; 3 9 :1 5 -1 8 . Jeh o v ah does n ot forget our faithful service, which includes 'ministering to the holy ones.'—Hebrews

6 : 10 . 45:4, 5. As was the case during the last days of Judah, "the last days" of the pres­ ent system of things is no time to seek "great things," such as wealth, prominence, or material security.—2 Timothy 3:1; 1 John 2:17. JERUSALEM AFLAME (Jeremiah 52:1-34) The year is 607 B.C.E. Zedekiah is in the 11th year of his kingship. King Nebuchad­ nezzar of Babylon has laid siege against Jeru­ salem for the past 18 m onths. On the sev­ enth day of the fifth m onth of the 19th year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign, Nebuzaradan, the chief of the bodyguard, 'comes to,' or ar­ rives at, Jerusalem. (2 Kings 25:8) Perhaps from his camp outside the city walls, Nebu­ zaradan surveys the situation and plans a course of action. Three days later, on the tenth of the m onth, he 'comes into,' or en­ ters, Jerusalem. And he proceeds to set the city aflame.—Jerem iah 52:12,13. Jerem iah gives a detailed account of the fall of Jerusalem. His description thus pro­ vides a basis for laments, or dirges. These compositions appear in the Bible book of Lamentations. THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2007

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive

Highlights From the Book of Lamentations

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HE prophet Jerem iah sees the fulfill­ m ent of the judgment message that he has been uttering for 40 years. How does the prophet feel when he personally witnesses the destruction of his beloved city? "Jeremi­ ah sat down weeping and lamented with this lam entation over Jerusalem," says the Greek Septuagint in its introduction to the book of Lamentations. Composed in 607 B.C.E. while the memory of the 18-month-long siege followed by the burning of Jerusalem is still fresh in the prophet's mind, the book o f Lamentations vividly expresses Jerem i­ ah's heartfelt anguish. (Jeremiah 52:3-5,1214) No other city in history has been lament­ ed in expressions so touching and heart­ rending. The book of Lamentations is a collection o f five lyrical poems. The first four are la­ ments, or dirges; the fifth is a petition, or prayer. The first four songs are acrostics, suc­ cessive verses beginning with a different let­ ter in the order of the 22-character Hebrew alphabet. Although the fifth song has 22 verses to correspond to the number of letters of the Hebrew alphabet, it is not arranged al­ phabetically.—Lamentations 5:1, footnote. 'MY EYES HAVE COME TO THEIR END IN TEARS' (Lamentations 1 :1 -2 :2 2 ) "O how she has come to sit solitary, the city that was abundant with people! How she has become like a widow, she that was populous among the nations! How she that was a princess among the jurisdictional dis­ tricts has come to be for forced labor!" Thus begin the lamentations of the prophet Jere­ 8

THE W ATCHTOW ER • ]UNE 1, 2007

miah regarding Jerusalem. Giving the rea­ son for this calamity, the prophet says: "Je­ hovah him self has brought grief to her on account of the abundance of her transgres­ sions."—Lamentations 1:1, 5. Personified as a widow bereaved of hus­ band and children, Jerusalem asks: "Does there exist any pain like my pain?" Concern­ ing her enemies, she prays to God: "May all their badness come before you, and deal se­ verely with them, just as you have dealt se­ verely with me on account of all my trans­ gressions. For my sighs are many, and my heart is ill."—Lamentations 1:12, 22. Deeply distressed, Jerem iah says: "In the heat of anger [Jehovah] has cut down every horn of Israel. He has turned his right hand back from before the enemy; and in Jacob he keeps burning like a flaming fire that has de­ voured all around." Depicting his profound sorrow, the prophet laments: "My eyes have come to their end in sheer tears. My intes­ tines are in a ferment. My liver has been poured out to the very earth." Even those passing by have expressed amazement, say­ ing: "Is this the city of which they used to say, 'It is the perfection of prettiness, an ex­ ultation for all the earth'?"—Lamentations 2:3,11,15.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:15—How had Jehovah "trodden the very winepress belonging to the virgin daughter of Judah"? In destroying the city, described as a virgin, the Babylonians shed blood in such quantity that it was compara­ ble to the squeezing of grapes in a winepress. Jehovah foretold this and allowed it to hap-

pen, so it can be said that he had 'trodden the winepress.' 2 :1 —How was 'th e b eau ty o f Israel thrown down from heaven to earth'? Since "the heavens are higher than the earth," the abasement of exalted things is at times represented by their being "thrown down from heaven to earth.” "The beauty of Israel" —the glory and power it enjoyed while Jehovah's blessing was upon it—was thrown down with the destruction of Jerusalem and the desolation of Ju d ah .-Isaiah 55:9. 2:1, 6 - W hat is Jehovah's "footstool" and his "booth"? The psalmist sang: "Let us come into his grand tabernacle; let us bow down at his footstool." (Psalm 132:7) Hence, the "footstool" of Lamentations 2:1 refers to Jehovah's house of worship, or his temple. The Babylonians 'burned the house of Jehovah' as if it were a booth, or a mere hut, in a garden.-Jerem iah 52:12,13. 2:16, 17—Should not the 16th verse begin with the Hebrew letter a y in and the 17th begin with p e to follow the order of the Hebrew alphabet? While composing poems in this style, inspired writers usually followed the alphabetical order. However, they did not do so at the cost of sounding artificial or unnatural. The matter of thought content was considered more important than the adherence to a literary device that merely served as a m emory aid. The reversal of the same two characters is also found in songs 3 and 4 of Lamentations. —Lamentations 3 :4 6 ,4 9 ; 4:16,17.

2:17—W hat particular "saying" did Jehovah accom plish in con n ection w ith Jerusalem? The reference here is apparently to Leviticus 26:17, which states: "I shall indeed set my face against you, and you will certainly be defeated before your enemies; and those who hate you will just tread down upon you, and you will actually flee when no one is pursuing you."

Lessons for Us:-----------------------------------1:1-9. Jerusalem weeps profusely during the night, and her tears are upon her cheeks, Her §ates lie desolate, and her priests are sighing. Her virgins are grief-stricken, and she herself has bitterness. Why? Because Jerusalem has committed outright sin. Her uncleanness is in her skirts. The fruitage of transgression is not joy; it is tears, sighing, Sr*ef, and bitterness. 1 :18. In punishing transgressors, Jehovah *s always just and righteous, 2:20. The Israelites were warned that if they did not listen to the voice of Jehovah, they would ex­ perience maledictions, which ineluded eating 'the flesh of their sons and daughters.' (Deuteronomy 2 8 :1 5 ,4 5 ,5 3 ) How unwise to choose a course of disobedience to God! L/ie prop6er jeremiah judgment message

"DO NOT HIDE YOUR EAR TO MY RELIEF" (Lamentations 3:1-5:22) In Lamentations chapter 3, the nation of Israel is spoken of as "the able-bodied man." Despite experiencing adversity, this man sings: "Good is Jehovah to the one hoping in him, to the soul that keeps seeking for him." In prayer to the true God, he requests: "My voice you must hear. Do not hide your ear to my relief, to my cry for help." Asking Jehovah to give attention to the reproach of the enemy, he says: "You will give back to them a treatment, O Jehovah, according to the work of their hands."—Lamentations 3:1, 25, 56, 64. Jerem iah pours out his feelings over the terrible effects of the 18-month siege of Jeru­ salem and laments: "The punishment for the error of the daughter of my people also becomes greater than the punishment for the sin of Sodom, which was overthrown as in a m om ent, and to which no hands turned helpfully." Jerem iah continues: "Better have those slain with the sword proved to be than those slain by famine, because these pine away, pierced through for lack of the produce of the open field." —Lamentations 4:6, 9.

The fifth poem portrays the inhabitants of Jerusalem as speaking. They say: "Rememher, ° Jehovah, what has happened to us. b)o 1°°^ an(^ see our reProach- As they recount their afflictions, they petition. Jehovah, to time indefinite you will sit. Your throne is for generation after generation, Bring us back, O Jehovah, to yourself, and we shall readily come back. Bring new days ^or us as l ° n§ a§°* —Lamentations 5. ^ ^1. Scriptural Questions Answered: 3:16—W hat is suggested by the expres­ sion: "W ith gravel he makes my teeth get broken"? One reference work states: "The Jews, on their way into exile, were com ­ pelled to bake their bread in pits dug in the ground, so that their bread was mixed with grit." Eating such bread could break off part of one's teeth. 4:3, 10—W hy does Jerem iah com pare "the daughter of [his] people" to "ostriches in the wilderness"? The ostrich "does treat her sons roughly, as if not hers," states Job 39:16. After the eggs are hatched, for exam­ ple, the hen goes off with other hens while the male assumes the responsibility of caring for the young. And what happens when they come face-toface with danger? Both male and female birds flee from the nest, abandoning their young. During the Babylonian siege, the fam ­ ine in Jerusalem became so severe that mothers who would normal­ ly have been compassionate be­ came cruel to their own offspring,

The faith of these Korean Witnesses was tested for their stand on the issue of Christian neutrality

like ostriches in the wilderness. This was in stark contrast to the maternal care exhibited by jackals. 5:7—Does Jehovah hold people account­ able for the errors of their forefathers? No, Jehovah does not directly punish people for the sins of their ancestors. “Each of us will render an account for him self to God," says the Bible. (Romans 14:12) However, conse­ quences of errors can linger on and be expe­ rienced by later generations. For example, ancient Israel's turning to idolatry made it difficult even for the faithful Israelites of lat­ er times to adhere to the course of righteous­ ness.—Exodus 20:5.

Lessons for Us:______________________ 3:8, 43, 44. During the calamity that be­ fell Jerusalem, Jehovah refused to listen to the cry for help of the city's inhabitants. Why? Because the people had been disobe­ dient, and they remained unrepentant. If we want Jehovah to answer our prayers, we must obey him .—Proverbs 28:9. 3:20. Jehovah, "the Most High over all the earth," is so exalted that he condescends in order "to look on heaven and earth." (Psalm 83:18; 113:6) Yet, Jerem iah was well-aware of the Almighty's willingness to bow low over the people, that is, to com e down to their level in order to encourage them . How glad we can be that the true God is not only allpowerful and all-wise but also humble! 3:21-26, 28-33. How can we endure even intense suffering? Jerem iah tells us. We should not forget that Jehovah is abundant in acts of loving-kindness and that many are his mercies. We should also remember that our being alive is reason enough not to give up hope and that we need to be patient and wait silently, without complaining, upon Je ­ hovah for salvation. Moreover, we should "put [our] mouth in the very dust," that is, humbly submit to trials, recognizing that

what God allows to happen is permitted for good reason. 3:27. Facing up to tests of faith during youth may mean enduring hardship and ridicule. But it is 'good for an able-bodied man to carry the yoke during his youth.' Why? Because learning to bear a yoke o f suf­ fering while young prepares a person to deal with challenges in his later years. 3:39-42. 'Indulging in complaints' when suffering for our sins is not wise. Rather than complain about reaping the consequences of wrongdoing, "let us search out our ways and explore them, and do let us return clear to Jehovah." We are wise to repent and cor­ rect our ways.

Make Jehovah Your Confidence The Bible book of Lamentations reveals how Jehovah viewed Jerusalem and the land of Judah after the Babylonians burned the city and laid the land desolate. The expres­ sions of acknowledgment of sin recorded therein make it clear that from Jehovah's standpoint, the reason for the calamity was the error of the people. This book's inspired songs also contain lyrics that express hope in Jehovah and the desire to turn to the right course. While these were not the sentiments of most people in Jerem iah's day, they repre­ sented those of Jerem iah and the repentant remnant. Jehovah's evaluation of Jerusalem's situa­ tion as expressed in the book of Lamenta­ tions teaches us two vital lessons. First, Jeru­ salem's destruction and the desolation of Judah urge obedience to Jehovah and serve as a warning not to ignore the divine will. (1 Corinthians 10:11) The second lesson is from Jerem iah's example. (Romans 15:4) Even in a seemingly hopeless situation, the deeply grieved prophet looked to Jehovah for salvation. How vital that we place our complete trust in Jehovah and his Word and make him our confidence!—Hebrews 4:12. THE WATCHTOWER • JUNE 1, 2007

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Ezekiel—I

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HE year is 613 B.C.E. The prophet Jere­ miah is in Judah, fearlessly proclaim­ ing the impending destruction of Jerusalem and the desolation of the land of Judah. King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon has al­ ready taken many Jews into captivity. Among them are young Daniel and his three com­ panions, who are serving in the Chaldean court. Most of the Jewish exiles are by the riv­ er Chebar in "the land of the Chaldeans." (Ezekiel 1:1-3) Jehovah does not leave those captives without a messenger. He appoints 30-year-old Ezekiel as prophet. Completed in 591 B.C.E., the book of Eze­ kiel covers a period of 22 years. Ezekiel is meticulous in his writing. He dates his prophecies, specifying even the day and the m onth along with the year. The first part of Ezekiel's message centers on the fall and destruction of Jerusalem. The second part contains pronouncements against surround­ ing nations, and the final part has to do with the restoration of Jehovah's worship. This article discusses highlights from Ezekiel 1:1-24:27, covering visions, prophecies, and enactments concerning what was to befall Je­ rusalem. "A WATCHMAN IS WHAT I HAVE MADE YOU" (Ezekiel 1:1-19:14) After being given an awe-inspiring vision of Jehovah's throne, Ezekiel receives his com­ mission. "A watchman is what I have made you to the house of Israel," Jehovah tells him, "and you must hear from my mouth speech and you must warn them from me." (Ezekiel 3:17) To prophesy the siege of Jerusalem and

its effects, Ezekiel is commanded to act out two pantomimes. Referring to the land of Ju ­ dah, Jehovah says through Ezekiel: "Here I am! I am bringing upon you a sword, and I shall certainly destroy your high places." (Ezekiel 6:3) To the inhabitant of the land, he says: "The garland [of calamity] must come to you."—Ezekiel 7:7. In 612 B.C.E., a vision transports Ezekiel to Jerusalem. What detestable things he sees happening in God's temple! W hen Jehovah sends his heavenly executional forces (repre­ sented by "six m en") to express his anger at the apostates, only those who have received 'a mark on the forehead' will be spared. (Ezekiel 9:2-6) First, though, "coals of fire" —God's fiery message of destruction—must be tossed over the city. (Ezekiel 10:2) While 'Jehovah will bring upon the head of the wicked their own way,' he promises to re­ gather the scattered ones of Israel.—Ezekiel 11:17-21. God's spirit brings Ezekiel back to Chaldea. An enactment portrays the flight from Jeru­ salem of King Zedekiah and the people. False prophets and prophetesses are denounced. Idolaters are rejected. Judah is likened to a worthless vine. An eagle-vine riddle shows the bitter consequences of Jerusalem's turn­ ing to Egypt for help. The riddle concludes with the promise that 'Jehovah will trans­ plant a tender twig upon a high mountain.' (Ezekiel 17:22) In Judah, however, there will be "no scepter for ruling."—Ezekiel 19:14. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:4-28—W hat does the celestial chariot picture? The chariot represents the heavenly T H E W A T C H T O W E R • JULY 1 , 2 0 0 7

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part of Jehovah's organization made up of faithful spirit creatures. Its source of power is Jehovah's holy spirit. The Rider of the chari­ ot, who represents Jehovah, is indescribably glorious. His calmness is illustrated by a love­ ly rainbow. 1:5-11—W ho are the four living crea­ tures? In his second vision of the chariot, Ezekiel identifies the four living creatures as cherubs. (Ezekiel 10:1-11; 11:22) In this later description, he calls the bull's face "the face of the cherub." (Ezekiel 10:14) This is appro­ priate because the bull is a symbol of power and strength, and cherubs are powerful spirit creatures. 2 :6 —W hy is Ezekiel repeatedly referred to as "son of m an"? Jehovah addresses Eze­ kiel in this way to remind the prophet that his makeup is that of flesh and blood, thus heightening the great contrast between the human messenger and the divine Originator of the message. The same designation is ap­ plied to Jesus Christ about 80 times in the Gospels, clearly showing that the Son of God had come as a human, not as an incarnation. 2 :9 -3 :3 —W hy did the scroll of dirges and m oaning taste sweet to Ezekiel? What made the scroll sweet-tasting to Ezekiel was his atti­ tude toward his commission. Ezekiel was grateful to serve Jehovah as a prophet.

4:1-17—Did Ezekiel really act out the scene depicting Jerusalem 's u p co m in g siege? Ezekiel's appeal for the change of cooking fuel and Jehovah's granting him his request indicate that the prophet actual­ ly acted out the scene. Lying on the left side was for the 390 years of error of the ten-tribe kingdom—from its beginning in 997 B.C.E. to the destruction of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E. Lying on the right side was for Ju­ dah's 40 years of sin, spanning the period from Jeremiah's appointment as a prophet in 647 B.C.E. to 607 B.C.E. During the entire 430-day period, Ezekiel existed on a meager supply of food and water, prophetically indi­ cating that there would be a famine during the siege of Jerusalem. 5:1-3—W hat is significant about Eze­ kiel's taking a few hairs from the portion he was to scatter to the wind and wrapping them in his skirts? This was to show that a remnant would return to Judah and take up true worship after the 70-year desolation. -Ezekiel 11:17-20. 17:1-24—W ho are the two great eagles, how are the young shoots of a cedar plucked off, and who is the "tender one" transplanted by Jehovah? The two eagles represent the rulers of Babylon and Egypt. The first eagle comes to the treetop of the ce­ dar, that is, to the ruler of the government in the royal line of David. This eagle plucks off the top of the young shoots by replacing King Jehoiachin of Judah with Zedekiah. De­ spite having taken a loyalty oath, Zedekiah seeks the help of the other eagle, Egypt's rul­ er, but to no avail. He is to be taken captive and is to die in Babylon. Jehovah also plucks off "a tender one," the

Messianic King. This One is transplanted upon "a high and lofty m ountain," upon heavenly Mount Zion, where he will become "a majestic cedar," a source of real blessings for the earth.—Revelation 14:1. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 2:6-8; 3:8, 9, 18-21. We should neither be intimidated by the wicked nor hold back from proclaiming God's message, which in­ cludes a warning to them. When facing indif­ ference or opposition, we need to be as hard as a diamond. However, we should be careful not to become tough, insensitive, or ruth­ less. Jesus felt compassion for the people he preached to, and we should likewise be moved by compassion to preach to others. —Matthew 9:36. 3:15. After receiving his commission, Eze­ kiel dwelled at Tel-abib, 'stunned for seven days,' digesting the message he was to de­ clare. Should we not take time to study dili­ gently and meditate in order to understand deep spiritual truths? 4 :l- 5 :4 . It took humility and courage on the part of Ezekiel to act out the two prophet­ ic pantomimes. We too ought to be humble and courageous in carrying out any Godgiven assignment. 7:4, 9; 8:18; 9 :5 ,1 0 . We do not need to let our eye feel sorry for those who receive God's adverse judgment or feel compassion for them. 7:19. When Jehovah executes his judg­ ment upon this system of things, money will have no value whatsoever. 8:5-18. Apostasy is spiritually deadly. "By his mouth the one who is an apostate brings his fellowman to ruin." (Proverbs 11:9) We are wise to turn away from even the thought of giving a listening ear to apostates. 9:3-6. Acquiring the mark—the evidence that we are dedicated, baptized servants of God and that we have the Christian personal­

ity—is essential for surviving the "great trib­ ulation." (Matthew 24:21) Anointed Chris­ tians, represented by the man with the secretary's inkhorn, are taking the lead in do­ ing the marking work, that is, the Kingdom­ preaching and disciple-making work. If we want to retain our mark, we must zealously help them in this work. 12:26-28. Even to those scoffing at his mes­ sage, Ezekiel was to say: "There will be no postponement anymore as to any words of [Jehovah]." We must do all we can to help others put their confidence in Jehovah be­ fore he brings an end to this system of things. 14:12-23. Gaining salvation is our personal responsibility. No one can do it for us.—Ro­ mans 14:12. 18:1-29. We are responsible for the conse­ quences of our own actions. "A RUIN, A RUIN, A RUIN I SHALL MAKE IT" (Ezekiel 20:1-24:27) In the seventh year of exile, 611 B.C.E., the elderly ones of Israel come to Ezekiel "to in­ quire of Jehovah." They hear a long history of Israel's rebellion and a warning that 'Jeho­ vah will bring forth his sword' against them. (Ezekiel 20:1; 21:3) Addressing the chieftain of Israel (Zedekiah), Jehovah says: "Remove the turban, and lift off the crown. This will not be the same. Put on high even what is low, and bring low even the high one. A ruin, a ruin, a ruin I shall make it. As for this also, it will certainly become no one's until he comes who has the legal right [Jesus Christ], and I must give it to him ."—Ezekiel 21:26, 27. Jerusalem is arraigned. The guilt of Oholah (Israel) and of Oholibah (Judah) is ex­ posed. Oholah has already been given "into the hand of those passionately loving her, into the hand of the sons of Assyria." (Ezekiel 23:9) The desolation of Oholibah is in the offing. In 609 B.C.E., the 18-month siege of T H E W A T C H T O W E R • JULY 1, 2 0 0 7

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the pot empty upon its coals and making it very hot fails to remove the rust.

Lessons for Us:______________________

Having a zealous share in the preaching work helps us to retain our "mark" Jerusalem begins. W hen the city finally falls, the Jews will be too stunned to express their grief. Ezekiel must not speak God's message to the exiles until he receives a report of the destruction of the city from "the escaped one."—Ezekiel 24:26, 27. Scriptural Questions Answered: 21 :3 —W hat is the "sword" that Jeho­ vah brings forth out of its sheath? The "sword" that Jehovah uses to execute his judgment upon Jerusalem and Judah proves to be Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar and his army. It could also include the heaven­ ly part of God's organization consisting of mighty spirit creatures. 24:6-14—W hat does the rust of the cook­ ing pot represent? Jerusalem under siege is likened to a widemouthed cooking pot. Its rust represents the moral filth of the city—the uncleanness, loose conduct, and bloodshed for which she is responsible. So great is her uncleanness that even standing 14

THE WATCHTOWER • JULY 1 ,2 0 0 7

2 0 :1 ,4 9 . The response of the older men of Israel shows that they were skeptical about what Ezekiel had said. May we never develop a doubting attitude toward divine warnings. 21:18-22. Even though Nebuchadnezzar used divination, it was Jehovah who made certain that the pagan ruler would come against Jerusalem. This shows that even de­ mons cannot turn aside Jehovah's executional agents from accomplishing his pur­ pose. 22:6-16. Jehovah detests slander, loose conduct, the abuse of power, and the taking of bribes. We should be firm in our determi­ nation to avoid such wrongdoings. 23:5-49. Making political alliances led Isra­ el and Judah to adopt the false worship of their allies. Let us guard against form­ ing worldly ties that can destroy our faith. —James 4:4. A Message That Is Alive and Exerts Power What beautiful lessons we learn from the first 24 chapters of the Bible book of Ezekiel! The principles set out there show what leads to God's disfavor, how we may receive his mercy, and why we should warn the wicked. The prophecy regarding the destruction of Je­ rusalem clearly portrays Jehovah as a God who 'causes his people to know new things before they begin to spring up.'—Isaiah 42:9. Such prophecies as those recorded at Eze­ kiel 17:22-24 and 21:26, 27 pointed to the es­ tablishment of the Messianic Kingdom in heaven. Very soon, that rulership will result in God's will being done on earth. (Matthew 6:9,10) With strong faith and conviction, we can look forward to Kingdom blessings. Yes, "the word of God is alive and exerts power." —Hebrews 4:12.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Ezekiel—II

T IS Decem ber 609 B.C.E. The Babylonian king has begun his final siege of Jerusa­ lem. So far, Ezekiel's message to the exiles in Babylon has centered on one them e: the fall and destruction of their beloved city, Jeru­ salem. Now, though, the subject of Ezekiel's prophecies shifts to the doom of the pagan nations that would rejoice at the calamity upon God's people. W hen Jerusalem falls 18 m onths later, Ezekiel's message once again takes on a new them e: the glorious restoration of true worship. Ezekiel 2 5 :1 -4 8 :3 5 contains prophecies about the nations surrounding Israel and the deliverance of God's people.* Except for Ezekiel 29:17-20, the account follows chro­ nological as well as topical order. However, these four verses are in place topically. As part of the inspired Scriptures, the book of Ezekiel has a message that "is alive and ex­ erts power."—Hebrews 4:12.

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'THAT LAND IS TO BECOME LIKE THE GARDEN OF EDEN' (Ezekiel 25:1-39:29) Foreseeing their response to the fall of Jerusalem, Jehovah has Ezekiel prophesy against Ammon, Moab, Edom, Philistia, Tyre, and Sidon. Egypt is to be plundered. 'Pharaoh the king o f Egypt and his crowd’ are likened to a cedar that will be cut down by the "sword of the king of Babylon." -E zek iel 31:2, 3 ,1 2 ; 32:11,12. * For a discussion of Ezekiel 1:1-24:27, see "Highlights From the Book of E zek iel-I/' in the July 1, 2007; issue of The Watchtower. 8

THE W ATCHTOWER • AU GUST 1, 2007

About six m onths after the destruction o f Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E., an escapee comes and reports to Ezekiel: "The city has been struck down!" The prophet is 'no longer speechless' to the exiles. (Ezekiel 33:21, 22) He has restoration prophecies to declare. Je ­ hovah "will raise up over them one shep­ herd, [his] servant David." (Ezekiel 34:23) Edom is to be desolated, but that land yon­ der, Judah, is to becom e "like the garden o f Eden." (Ezekiel 36:35) Jehovah promises to protect his restored people from the attack of "G og."—Ezekiel 38:2.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2 9 :8 -1 2 —W hen was Egypt desolated for 4 0 years? After the destruction of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E., the rem nant o f Judah fled to Egypt despite the prophet Jerem iah's warn­ ing. (Jeremiah 24:1, 8-10; 42:7-22) That did not prove to be an escape for them because Nebuchadnezzar came up against Egypt and conquered it. The 40-year desola­ tion of Egypt may have followed that con ­ quest. W hile secular history provides no evidence of this desolation, we can be con ­ fident that it took place because Jehovah is the Fulfiller of prophecy.—Isaiah 55:11. 2 9 :1 8 —How was 'every head m ade bald and every shoulder rubbed bare'? The siege of the inland city of Tyre was so in­ tense and strenuous that the heads of Nebu­ chadnezzar's troops were made bald by the chafing of their helmets and their shoul­ ders were rubbed bare from carrying build­ ing materials for towers and fortifications. —Ezekiel 26:7-12.

Lessons for Us: 29 :1 9 , 20. Since the Tyrians escaped to their island-city with m uch o f their wealth, King Nebuchadnezzar received very little spoil from Tyre. Even though Nebuchad­ nezzar was a proud, self-centered pagan rul­ er, Jehovah compensated him for his ser­ vice by giving him Egypt as "wages for his military force." Should we not imitate the true God by paying taxes to the govern­ ments for the services they perform in our behalf? Neither the conduct of secular au­ thorities nor the way the taxes are put to use cancels this obligation.—Romans 13:4-7. 33:7-9. The modern-day watchman class —the anointed rem nant—and its com pan­ ions should never hold back from preach­ ing the good news of the Kingdom and warning people about the com ing "great tribulation."—Matthew 24:21. 33:10 -2 0 . Our salvation depends on our turning away from bad ways and comply­ ing with what God requires. Indeed, Jeh o­ vah's way is"adjusted right." 3 6 :2 0 , 21. Because o f not living up to what they were known as, that is, "the people of Jehovah," the Israelites profaned God's name am ong the nations. We should never becom e worshippers of Jehovah in name only. 3 6 :25 , 37, 3 8 . The spiritual paradise that we enjoy today is filled with "a flock of holy persons." Therefore, we should strive to keep it clean.

The glorious temple of Ezekiel's vision

38:1 -2 3 . How reassuring it is to know that Jehovah will rescue his people from the at­ tack of Gog o f the land of Magog! Gog is the name given to "th e ruler of this world," Sa­ tan the Devil, after his ouster from heaven. The land of Magog refers to the vicinity of the earth, to w hich Satan and his demons are confined.—Jo h n 12:31; Revelation 12: 7-12. "SET YOUR HEART UPON ALL THAT I AM SHOWING YOU" (Ezekiel 40:1-48:35) It is the 14th year after the city o f Jerusa­ lem was struck down. (Ezekiel 40:1) Fiftysix years of exile still lie ahead. (Jeremiah 29:10) Ezekiel is now close to 50 years of age. In a vision, he is brought to the land of Israel. He is told: "Son of m an, see with your eyes, and with your ears hear, and set your heart upon all that I am showing you." (Eze­ kiel 40:2-4) How thrilled Ezekiel must be to receive a vision of a new temple! The glorious temple that Ezekiel sees has 6 gateways, 30 dining rooms, the Holy, the Most Holy, a wooden altar, and an altar for burnt offerings. "Going forth" from the temple is a stream of water that becom es a torrent. (Ezekiel 47:1) Ezekiel also receives a vision o f tribal assignments o f land—each allotm ent running east to west with an

administrative strip between the allotments o f Judah and Benjam in. "The sanctuary of Jehovah" and "th e city" named JehovahSham m ah are located in this strip.—Ezekiel 4 8 :9 ,1 0 ,1 5 , 35, footnote.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 4 0 :3 -4 7 :1 2 —W hat is represented by the visionary temple? This temple of gigantic proportions seen by Ezekiel in vision was actually never built. It pictured God's spiri­ tual temple—his templelike arrangement for pure worship in our day. (Ezekiel 40:2; M icah 4:1; Hebrews 8:2; 9:23, 24) The tem­ ple vision is fulfilled during "th e last days," w hen the priesthood is refined. (2 Tim othy 3:1; Ezekiel 44:10-16; Malachi 3:1-3) How­ ever, it has a final fulfillm ent in Paradise. The visionary temple provided the Jewish exiles with a promise that pure worship would be restored and that each Jewish family would have an inheritance in the land. 4 0 :3 -4 3 :1 7 —W hat is significant about the m easuring of the temple? The measur­ ing of the temple is a sign that Jehovah's purpose concerning pure worship is sure to be fulfilled. 4 3 :2 -4 , 7, 9 —W hat were "the carcasses o f their kings" th at had to be removed from the temple? The carcasses evidently referred to idols. Jerusalem 's rulers and her people had polluted God's temple with idols—in effect, making them their kings.

4 3 :1 3 -2 0 —W hat is symbolized by the al­ tar th at Ezekiel saw in vision? The sym bol­ ic altar is God's will in connection with Je ­ sus Christ's ransom sacrifice. Because of this provision, the anointed are declared righteous and the "great crowd" is clean and pure in God's eyes. (Revelation 7:914; Romans 5:1, 2) Perhaps that is why "the m olten sea" of Solom on's tem ple—a huge water basin used for the priests to wash in—is lacking in the visionary temple. - 1 Kings 7:23-26. 44:10-16—W ho is represented by the priestly class? The priestly class foreshadows the body of anointed Christians in our day. The refining of them took place in 1918 when Jehovah sat "as a refiner and cleanser" in his spiritual temple. (Malachi 3:1-5) Those who were clean or who repented could con­ tinue in their privilege of service. Thereafter, they had to work hard to keep themselves "without spot from the world,” thus becom ­ ing examples to the "great crowd," represent­ ed by the nonpriestly tribes.—James 1:27; Revelation 7:9,10. 4 5 :1 ; 4 7 :1 3 -4 8 :2 9 —W hat do "the land" and its allotm ent represent? The land rep­ resents the realm of activity of God's peo­ ple. Regardless o f where a worshipper o f Je ­ hovah happens to be, that one is in the restored land as long as he upholds true worship. The apportioning of the land will have its final fulfillm ent in the new world when each faithful person will inherit a place.—Isa­ iah 65:17, 21. 45:7, 16—W hat is por­ trayed by the people's c o n t r i b u t i o n f o r th e priesthood and the chief­

What does the river of life in Ezekiel's vision represent?

tain? In the spiritual temple, this pri­ marily refers to spiritual support—offering assistance and m anifesting a cooperative spirit. 47:1-5—W h at is pictured by the water of Ezekiel's visionary river? The water pic­ tures Jehovah's spiritual provisions for life, including the ransom sacrifice of Christ Je ­ sus and the knowledge of God found in the Bible. (Jeremiah 2:13; Jo h n 4:7-26; Ephe­ sians 5:25-27) The river progressively deep­ ens to accom m odate the influx of new ones who take up true worship. (Isaiah 60:22) The river will be flowing with the most po­ tent water of life during the M illennium, and its waters will include further under­ standing obtained from the "scrolls" that will then be opened.—Revelation 20:12; 22:

1, 2. 47:12—W hat do the fruitful trees repre­ sent? The sym bolic trees picture God's spir­ itual provisions for restoring m ankind to perfection. 48:1 5 -1 9 , 3 0 -3 5 , footnote—W hat does the city in Ezekiel's vision represent? "Jehovah-Sham m ah" is situated in "pro­ fane" land, indicating that it must represent som ething earthly. The city seems to repre­ sent the earthly adm inistration that bene­ fits those who will make up the righteous “new earth." (2 Peter 3:13) Having gates on each side illustrates its openness. The over­ seers among God's people are to be ap­ proachable. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 40 :1 4 , 16, 22, 2 6 . The wall carvings of palm trees in the entryways of the tem ­ ple show that only those who are morally upright are allowed to enter. (Psalm 92: 12) This teaches us that our worship is acceptable to Jehovah only if we are up­ right.

4 4 :2 3 . How grateful we can be for the ser­ vices provided by the modern-day priestly class! "The faithful and discreet slave" takes the lead in providing tim ely spiritual food that helps us to discern the difference be­ tween what is unclean and what is clean in Jehovah's eyes.—Matthew 24:45. 47:9,11. Knowledge—a vital feature of the symbolic water—has been accom plishing a wonderful healing in our time. Wherever it is taken in, it brings people to life spiritually. (John 17:3) On the other hand, those who do not accept the life-giving water will be 'given to salt'—destroyed permanently. How vital it is that 'we do our utmost to handle the word o f the truth aright'! —2 Timothy 2:15. "I Shall Certainly Sanctify My Great Name" After the removal o f the last king of Da­ vid's line, the true God allowed a long peri­ od of time to elapse before the com ing of the One "who has the legal right" to the kingship. However, God did not forsake his covenant with David. (Ezekiel 21:27; 2 Sam­ uel 7:11-16) Ezekiel's prophecy speaks of "my servant David," who would becom e a "shepherd" and a "king." (Ezekiel 3 4 :2 3 ,2 4 ; 37:22, 24, 25) This one is none other than Jesus Christ in Kingdom power. (Revelation 11:15) Jehovah will "sanctify [his] great nam e" by means o f the Messianic King­ dom.—Ezekiel 36:23. Very soon now, all those who profane God's holy name will be destroyed. But those who sanctify that nam e in their lives by worshipping Jehovah in an acceptable way will receive everlasting life. Let us there­ fore take full advantage of the waters of life that are flowing abundantly in our day and make true worship the very center of our lives. THE W ATCHTOW ER • AU GUST

1, 2007

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Daniel

//'jpHE book of Daniel is one of the most

intriguing works in the Bible,” states the H olm an Illu strated B ible D ictionary. "Timeless truths fill its pages." Daniel's ac­ count begins in 618 B.C.E. when King Nebu­ chadnezzar of Babylon comes to Jerusalem and lays siege to the city, and he takes "some of the sons of Israel" into captivity in Bab­ ylon. (Daniel 1:1-3) Among them is young Daniel, probably only in his teens. The book concludes with Daniel still in Babylon. Now almost 100 years old, Daniel receives God's promise: "You will rest, but you will stand up for your lot at the end of the days."—Daniel 12:13. While the first part of the book of Daniel is presented chronologically in the third per­ son, the last part is written in the first person. Penned by Daniel, the book contains proph­ ecies regarding the rise and fall of world pow­ ers, the time of the Messiah's arrival, and events that take place in our day.* The aged prophet also looks back on his long life and narrates episodes that encourage us to be godly men and women of integrity. The mes­ sage of Daniel is alive and exerts power.—He­ brews 4:12. WHAT DOES THE CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT TEACH US? (Daniel 1:1-6:28) The year is 617 B.C.E. Daniel and three young friends, Shadrach, M eshach, and Abednego, are in the Babylonian court. Dur­ ing their three years of training in court life, * For a verse-by-verse consideration of the book of Daniel, see Pay Attention to Daniel's Prophecy! published

the youths maintain their integrity to God. About eight years later, King Nebuchadnez­ zar has a mysterious dream. Daniel makes known the dream and then interprets it. The king acknowledges that Jehovah is "a God of gods and a Lord of kings and a Revealer of se­ crets." (Daniel 2:47) Before long, though, Nebuchadnezzar seems to forget this les­ son. When Daniel's three friends refuse to worship a giant image, the king has them thrown into a fiery furnace. The true God res­ cues the three, and Nebuchadnezzar is forced to recognize that "there does not exist anoth­ er god that is able to deliver like this one." —Daniel 3:29. Nebuchadnezzar has another significant dream. He sees an immense tree, which is chopped down and restrained from growing. Daniel makes known the interpretation of that dream. The dream is ful­ filled in part when Nebuchad­ nezzar becomes insane and then recovers. Many decades later, King Belshazzar holds a big feast for his grandees and disrespectfully uses vessels

Why was Daniel "someone very desirable"?

that were taken from JehoWvah's temple. That very night, Belshazzar is killed and Darius the Mede receives the kingdom. (Daniel 5:30, 31) In the days of Darius, when Daniel is more than 90 years old, the aged prophet be­ comes the target of a murderous scheme by jealous officials. But Je­ hovah rescues him "from the paw of the lions."—Daniel 6:27. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:11-15—Was a vegetarian diet responsi­ ble for the better countenance of the four Judean youths? It was not. No diet can pro­ duce such changes in a mere ten days. The credit for the change in countenance of the young Hebrews goes to Jehovah, who blessed them for trusting in him .—Proverbs 10:22. 2 :1 —W hen did Nebuchadnezzar have the dream about the immense image? The account states that this was "in the second year of the kingship of Nebuchad­ nezzar." He becam e king in 624 B.C.E. The second year of his reign would thus have begun in 623 B.C.E.—years before he invaded Judah. At that early date, Daniel would not have been in Babylon to interpret the dream. "The second year" is evidently 18

T H E W A T C H T O W E R • S EP TEM BER 1, 2 007

counted from 607 B.C.E., when the Babylo­ nian king destroyed Jerusalem and became a world ruler. 2:32, 3 9 —In what way was the kingdom of silver inferior to the head of gold, and how was the kingdom of copper inferior to that of silver? The Medo-Persian Empire, rep­ resented by the silver part of the image, was inferior to Babylon, the head of gold, in that it did not have the distinction of toppling Ju ­ dah. The power that followed was Greece, represented by the copper. Greece was inferi­ or still, even as copper is inferior to silver. Though the Grecian Empire covered a vaster area, it did not have the privilege of releasing God's people from exile as did Medo-Persia. 4:8, 9 —Did Daniel himself become a magic-practicing priest? No. The expression "the chief of the magic-practicing priests" merely refers to Daniel's position as "the chief prefect over all the wise men of Bab­ ylon."—Daniel 2:48. 4:10, 11, 20-22—W hat was represented, or symbolized, by the immense tree in Neb­ uchadnezzar's dream? The tree initially rep­ resented Nebuchadnezzar as the ruler of a world power. Since the rulership extended "to the extremity of the earth," however, the tree must signify something far grander. Daniel 4:17 connects the dream to the rulership of "the Most High" over mankind. The tree, then, also symbolized Jehovah's univer­ sal sovereignty, especially with respect to the earth. Therefore, the dream has two fulfill­ ments—in Nebuchadnezzar's rulership and in Jehovah's sovereignty. 4:16, 23, 25, 32, 3 3 —How long were the "seven times"? All the changes that took place in the appearance of King Nebuchad­ nezzar required that the "seven times" be of a far longer duration than seven literal days. In his case, these times meant seven years of 360 days each, or 2,520 days. In the great­ er fulfillment, the "seven times" are 2,520

years. (Ezekiel 4:6, 7) They began with the de­ struction of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E. and end­ ed with the enthronement of Jesus as heav­ enly King in 1914 C.E.—Luke 21:24. 6:6-10—Since praying to Jehovah does not require any particular posture, would it not have been prudent on Daniel's part to pray in secret for the period of 30 days? The matter of Daniel's praying three times a day was public knowledge. That is why the con­ spirators came up with the idea of an edict re­ stricting prayer. Any change in Daniel's rou­ tine with regard to prayer might have seemed to others to be a compromise and could have indicated a failure in his rendering exclusive devotion to Jehovah. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 1:3-8. The determination of Daniel and his companions to remain loyal to Jehovah speaks volumes about the value of the paren­ tal training they must have received. When God-fearing parents put spiritual interests first in their lives and teach their offspring to do the same, their children are very likely to resist whatever temptations and pressures that may arise at school or elsewhere. 1:10-12. Daniel understood why "the prin­ cipal court official" feared the king and did not press matters with him. However, Daniel later approached "the guardian," who may have been in a position to be more lenient. When dealing with difficult situations, we should act with similar insight, understand­ ing, and wisdom. 2:29, 30. Like Daniel, we should give full credit to Jehovah for whatever knowledge, qualities, and abilities we may have acquired as a result of taking advantage of his spiritual provisions. 3:16-18. It is unlikely that the three He­ brews would have responded with such firm conviction if they had earlier shown them ­ selves ready to compromise in connection

with their diet. We too should strive to be "faithful in all things."—1 Timothy 3:11. 4:24-27. Proclaiming the Kingdom mes­ sage, which includes God's adverse judg­ ments, requires the same kind of faith and courage that Daniel displayed in making known what was to befall Nebuchadnezzar and what the king should do so that 'his pros­ perity might be lengthened.' 5:30,31. The "proverbial saying against the king of Babylon" came true. (Isaiah 14:3, 4, 12-15) Satan the Devil, whose pride is similar to that of the Babylonian dynasty, will also meet an ignoble end.—Daniel 4:30; 5:2-4, 23. WHAT DO DANIEL'S VISIONS REVEAL? (Daniel 7:1-12:13) When Daniel receives his first dream vi­ sion in 553 B.C.E., he is in his 70's. Daniel be­ holds four huge beasts that portray a succes­ sion of world powers from his day to ours. In a vision of a scene in heaven, he sees "some­ one like a son of m an" given "indefinitely lasting rulership." (Daniel 7:13,14) Two years later, Daniel has a vision that involves MedoPersia, Greece, and an entity that becomes "a king fierce in countenance."—Daniel 8:23. The year is now 539 B.C.E. Babylon has fallen, and Darius the Mede has become rul­ er over the kingdom of the Chaldeans. Dan­ iel prays to Jehovah about the restoration of his homeland. While he is still praying, Jeho­ vah sends the angel Gabriel to make Daniel "have insight with understanding" about the coming of the Messiah. (Daniel 9:20-25) Time moves on to 536/535 B.C.E. A remnant has returned to Jerusalem. But there is oppo­ sition to the temple-building work. This be­ comes a source of anxiety to Daniel. He makes it a matter of prayer, and Jehovah sends an angel of high rank to Daniel. After strengthening and encouraging Daniel, the angel relates the prophecy that outlines a struggle for supremacy between the king T H E W A T C H T O W E R • S E P T E M B E R 1, 2 0 0 7

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of the north and the king of the south. The conflict between the two kings stretches from the time when the kingdom of Alexan­ der the Great is divided among his four gen­ erals to the time when the Great Prince, Mi­ chael, "will stand up."—Daniel 12:1. Scriptural Questions Answered: 8 :9 —W hat is pictured by "the Decora­ tion"? In this instance, "the Decoration" symbolizes the earthly condition of the anointed Christians during the time of the Anglo-American World Power. 8 :2 5 —W ho is "the Prince of princes"? The Hebrew word sar; translated "prince," basically means "chief," or "head one." The title "Prince of princes" applies only to Jeho­ vah God—the Chief of all angelic princes, including "Michael, one of the foremost princes."—Daniel 10:13. 9 :2 1 —W hy does Daniel refer to the angel Gabriel as "the m an"? This is because Gabri­ el came to him in humanlike form, as he had appeared to Daniel in an earlier vision. -D a n ie l 8:15-17. 9 :2 7 —W hat covenant was 'kept in force for the many' until the end of the 70th week of years, or 36 C.E.? The Law covenant was removed in 33 C.E. when Jesus was im­ paled. But by keeping the Abrahamic cov­ enant in force toward fleshly Israel until 36 C.E., Jehovah extended the period of spe­ cial favor to the Jews on the basis of their be­ ing descendants of Abraham. The Abrahamic covenant continues in force with regard to "the Israel of God."—Galatians 3:7-9, 14-18, 29; 6:16. Lessons for Us:_________________________________ 9:1-23; 10:11. Because of his humility, god­ ly devotion, studiousness, and persistence in prayer, Daniel was "someone very desirable." These very traits also helped him to remain faithful to God to the end of his life. Let us be determined to follow Daniel's example. 20

T H E W A T C H T O W E R • S E P T E M B E R 1, 2 0 07

9:17-19. Even when we pray for the com­ ing of God's new world, in which "righteous­ ness is to dwell," should not our primary con­ cern be the sanctification of Jehovah's name and the vindication of his sovereignty rather than an end to our personal suffering and dif­ ficulties?—2 Peter 3:13. 10:9-11, 18, 19. In imitation of the angel who came to Daniel, we should encourage and strengthen one another with helping hands and consoling words. 12:3. During the last days, "the ones having insight"—anointed Christians—have been "shining as illuminators" and have brought "many to righteousness," includ­ ing the "great crowd" of "other sheep." (Philippians 2:15; Revelation 7:9; John 10:16) The anointed will 'shine like the stars' in the fullest sense during the Millennial Rule of Christ, when they share with him in apply­ ing the full benefits of the ransom to obedi­ ent mankind on earth. The "other sheep" should loyally stick to the anointed, whole­ heartedly supporting them in every way. Jehovah 'Blesses Those Fearing Him' What does the book of Daniel teach us about the God we worship? Consider the prophecies contained therein—those already fulfilled and those yet to be fulfilled. How vividly they paint Jehovah as the Fulfiller of his word!—Isaiah 55:11. What does the narrative part of the book of Daniel show about our God? The four He­ brew youths who refused to be assimilated into Babylonian court life received 'knowl­ edge, insight, and wisdom.' (Daniel 1:17) The true God sent his angel and rescued Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego out of the fiery furnace. Daniel was delivered from the lions' pit. Jehovah 'helps and shields those trusting in him ' and 'blesses those fearing him .'—Psalm 115:9,13.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive

IlS Ii

Highlights From the Book of Hosea

*

T

RUE worship has all but disappeared from th e north ern ten-tribe kingdom o f Israel. Under th e rulership o f Jerobo­ am II, there is m aterial prosperity in Isra­ el, bu t th at wanes soon after his death. W h at follows is a period o f unrest and political instability. Four o f the six suc­ ceeding kings are assassinated. (2 Kings 14:29; 15:8-30; 17:1-6) The 59-year-long prophetic career o f Hosea, w hich began in 8 0 4 B.C.E., stretches into this tim e of turm oil. Jehovah's sentim ents toward the way­ ward nation o f Israel are vividly portrayed by what takes place in Hosea's marriage. An expose o f Israel's error and the prophet­ ic judgm ents against her and the kingdom o f Judah are the subjects o f Hosea's mes­ sage. Using wording that is tender and sen­ sitive and language that is forceful and ex­ pressive, Hosea has written all of this in a book bearing his nam e. As part of the in­ spired Word o f God, its message is alive and exerts power.—Hebrews 4:12. "TAKE TO YOURSELF A WIFE OF FORNICATION" (Hosea 1:1—3:5) Jeh ovah tells Hosea: "G o, take to your­ self a wife o f fornication." (Hosea 1:2) Ho­ sea obeys and has a son by Gomer. The next two children she gives birth to are ev­ idently illegitim ate. The m eanings o f their names, Lo-ruham ah and Lo-am m i, point to Jehovah's w ithholding m ercy from Isra­ el and rejecting his disloyal people. 14

TH E W A TC H TO W ER • S EP TEM B ER 15, 2007

m tm

How does Jehovah actually feel about his rebellious people? He tells Hosea: "G o once again, love a w om an loved by a co m ­ panion and com m itting adultery, as in the case o f Jehovah's love for the sons o f Israel while they are turning to other gods." —Hosea 3:1. Scriptural Questions Answered: 1 :1 —W hy does Hosea m ention all four kings w ho ruled over Ju d ah during his m inistry w hile nam ing only one ruler of Israel? This is because only th e kings from David's fam ily line were recognized as th e rightful rulers o f God's chosen people. The kings o f th e n orthern kingdom were not o f the Davidic line o f descent, whereas those o f Judah were. 1 :2 -9 —Did Hosea really take a wife o f fornication? Yes, Hosea actually m arried a wom an who later becam e an adulteress. The prophet says nothing to indicate that what he related about his dom estic life was a dream or a vision. 1 :7 —W hen was the house o f Ju d ah sh o w n m e r c y a n d sav ed ? T h is was fulfilled in 732 B.C.E., in the days o f King Hezekiah. At that tim e, Jehovah end­ ed the Assyrian threat to Jerusalem by hav­ ing an angel slay 185,000 o f the enem y's forces in one night. (2 Kings 19:34, 35) Je ­ hovah thus delivered Judah, not "by a bow or by a sword or by war, by horses or by horsem en," but by an angel. 1 :1 0 ,1 1 —Since the n o rth ern kingdom of Israel fell in 740 B.C.E., how were the

sons of Israel "collected together into a unity" w ith th e sons o f Ju d ah ? Many from the north ern kingdom had gone to Judah before th e inhabitants o f th e land o f Judah were taken into captivity to Babylon in 607 B.C.E. (2 Chronicles 11:13-17; 30:612, 18-20, 25) W h en Jew ish exiles re­ turned to their h om eland in 537 B.C.E., descendants o f those from th e n orth ern kingdom o f Israel were am ong the re­ turnees.—Ezra 2 :7 0 . 2 :2 1 -2 3 —W h at was foretold by Jeh o ­ vah's words: "I shall certainly sow [Jezreel] like seed for m e in th e earth , and I will show m ercy to h er"? The nam e o f Hosea's firstborn son by G om er was Jezreel. (Hosea 1:2-4) The m eaning o f th at nam e, "G od W ill Sow Seed," is prophetic o f Je ­ hovah's gathering a faithful rem nant in 537 B.C.E. and sowing th em like seed in JuHosea's family life illustrated Jehovah's dealings with Israel

dah. The land th at had lain desolate for 70 years would now need to produce grain, sweet wine, and oil. In a poetic way, the prophecy states th at these good things would appeal to th e earth to release its n u ­ trients, and th e earth would ask th e heav­ ens for rain. In turn, th e heavens would petition God to provide rain clouds. All o f this would be for th e purpose o f abun­ dantly taking care o f th e needs o f the re­ turning rem nant. The apostles Paul and Peter apply Hosea 2:23 to th e gathering o f a rem nant o f spiritual Israel.—Romans 9: 25, 26; 1 Peter 2:10. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 1:2-9; 3 :1 ,2 . Th in k o f th e personal sacri­ fice Hosea m ade by rem aining in a m ar­ riage in com pliance with th e divine will! W hen it com es to doing God's will, to w hat extent are we w illing to forgo person­ al preferences? 1:6-9. Jehovah hates spiritual adultery, just as he hates physical adultery. 1 :7 ,1 0 ,1 1 ; 2 :1 4 -2 3 . W hat Jehovah fore­ told about Israel and Judah was fulfilled. Jehovah's word always com es true. 2 :1 6 ,1 9 , 2 1 -2 3 ; 3 :1 -4 . Jeh o vah is willing to forgive those w ho m anifest heartfelt re­ pentance. (N ehem iah 9:17) Like Jehovah, we should be com passionate and m erciful in our dealings w ith others. "JEHOVAH HAS A LEGAL CASE" (Hosea 4:1-13:16) "Jehovah has a legal case w ith th e in hab­ itants o f th e land." W hy? Because "th ere is no truth nor loving-kindness n or knowl­ edge o f God in th e land." (Hosea 4:1) The renegade people o f Israel have engaged in defrauding and bloodshed and have co m ­ m itted physical and spiritual fornication. TH E W A TC H TO W ER • SEP T E M B E R 15, 2007

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Rather than looking to God for help, "to Egypt they have called; to Assyria they have g on e."—Hosea 7:11. Jeh ovah declares his judgm ent, saying: "Israel m ust be swallowed down." (Hosea 8:8) The kingdom o f Judah is not free o f guilt. "Jehovah has a legal case with Ju ­ dah," states Hosea 12:2, "even to hold an accounting against Jacob according to his ways; according to his dealings he will re­ pay h im ." But restoration is certain, for God promises: "From the hand o f Sheol I shall redeem them ; from death I shall re­ cover th e m ."—Hosea 13:14.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 6 :1 -3 —W h o was saying: "C om e, you people, an d do let us return to Jehovah"? U nfaithful Israelites m ay have been en­ couraging one another to return to Jeh o ­ vah. If this is so, they were simply pretend­ ing to repent. Their loving-kindness was as b rief and fleeting as "th e m orning clouds a n d . . . the dew th at early goes away." (Ho­ sea 6:4) O n the other hand, the speaker could have been Hosea pleading with the people to com e back to Jehovah. W hatever the case, the wayward inhabitants o f the ten-tribe kingdom o f Israel needed to dis­ play genuine repentance and really return to Jehovah.

ty and carry on unclean worship.—Hosea 1:4. 5:1. Those taking th e lead am ong God's people should reject apostasy totally. O th ­ erwise, they may entice som e to engage in false worship, thus becom in g 'a trap and a net' to them . 6 :1 -4 ; 7 :1 4 ,1 6 . To repent in words only is hypocritical and futile. In order to re­ ceive God's mercy, a wrongdoer m ust m anifest heartfelt repentance, m ade evi­ dent by his return to som ething "higher," that is, to an elevated form o f worship. His actions should be in harm ony with God's high standards.—Hosea 7:16, footnote. 6 :6 . Practicing sin is an indication o f a lack o f loyal love for God. No am ou nt o f spiritual sacrifices can com pensate for this deficiency. 8 :7 ,1 3 ; 10:13. The principle th at "w hat­ ever a m an is sowing, this he will also reap” proved true in the case o f the idola­ trous Israelites.—Galatians 6:7. 8 :8 ; 9 :1 7 ; 13:16. Prophecies concerning the n orthern kingdom cam e true when its capital, Samaria, was taken by Assyria. (2 Kings 17:3-6) We can be confident that God will do what he has said and will car­ ry out w hat he has spoken.—Numbers 23:19.

Lessons for Us:__________________________________

8:14. Jehovah sent "fire into [Judah's] cities" in 6 0 7 B.C.E. by th e h and o f the Babylonians, bringing foretold desola­ tion to Jerusalem and th e land o f Judah. (2 Chronicles 36:19) God's word can never fail.—Joshu a 23:14.

4 :1 , 6. If we want to stay in Jehovah's fa­ vor, we m ust continue to take in knowl­ edge o f him and live by what we learn. 4 :9 -1 3 . Jehovah will hold an accounting with those who practice sexual im m orali­

9:10. Though dedicated to the true God, Israelites "w ent in to Baal o f Peor, and they proceeded to dedicate them selves to the sham eful thing." We are wise if we take a warning from their bad exam ple and

7:4—In w h at way were adulterous Isra­ elites like "a fu rn ace set burning"? This analogy illustrates th e intensity o f the evil desires in their heart.

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T H E W A TC H TO W ER • SEP TEM B ER 15, 2007

With

thefall of Samaria In 740 B.C.E., the ten-tribe kingdom of Israel ceased to exist

guard against breaking our dedication to Jehovah.—1 C orinthians 10:11. 10:1, 2, 12. W e should worship God with a heart th at is not hypocritical. W hen 'we sow seed for ourselves in righteous­ ness, we reap in accord w ith God's loving­ kindness.' 10:5. Beth-aven (w hich m eans "House o f H urtfulness") is a derogatory nam e giv­ en to Bethel (m eaning "H ouse o f G od"). W hen th e calf idol o f Beth-aven was taken into exile, residents o f Samaria m ourned the loss o f their o b ject o f devotion. How senseless to put trust in a lifeless idol that cannot even protect itself!—Psalm 135:1518; Jerem iah 10:3-5. 11:1-4. Jeh ovah always deals lovingly with his people. Subm ission to God is nev­ er oppressive. 11:8-11; 13:14. Jeh ovah 's word regard­ ing the restoration o f his people to true worship 'did n ot return to h im w ithout re­ sults.' (Isaiah 55:11) In 537 B.C.E., the Babylonian exile ended and a rem nant returned to Jerusalem . (Ezra 2:1; 3:1-3) W hatever Jeh ovah has spoken through his prophets will w ithout fail take place.

12:6. We should be firm ly determ ined to show loving-kindness, to exercise jus­ tice, and to hope in Jeh o vah constantly. 13:6. The Israelites "becam e satisfied and their heart began to be exalted. That is why they forgot [Jehovah]." We need to guard against any tendency toward self­ exaltation.

"THE WAYS OF JEHOVAH ARE UPRIGHT" (Hosea 14:1-9) Hosea pleads: "D o com e back, O Israel, to Jehovah your God, for you have stum ­ bled in your error." He urges people to say to Jehovah: "M ay you pardon error; and accept what is good, and we will offer in return th e young bulls o f our lips."—Hosea 14:1,2. A repentant wrongdoer should com e to Jehovah, accept his ways, and offer to him sacrifices o f praise. W hy? Because "th e ways o f Jeh ovah are upright, and th e righ­ teous are th e ones w ho will walk in th em ." (Hosea 14:9) How we rejoice th at m any will yet "certainly com e quivering to Je h o ­ vah and to his goodness in th e final part o f the d ays"!—Hosea 3:5. THE WATCHTOWER • SEPTEMBER 15, 2007 ,

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive

Highlights From the Books of Joel and Amos "ALAS FOR THE DAY"—WHY? LL he tells about him self is that he is (Joel 1:1-3:21) l "Joel the son of Pethuel." (Joel 1:1) In the book bearing his name, Joel says so little Invasion by the caterpillar, the locust, and about matters other than his message that the cockroach is what Joel sees in vision. The even the time of his prophecy can only be es­ invaders are referred to as "a people numer­ timated—about 820 B.C.E., nine years after ous and mighty" and as "powerful m en." Uzziah became king over Judah. Why is Joel (Joel 1:4; 2:2-7) "Alas for the day," sighs Joel, so reticent about himself? The likely reason "because the day of Jehovah is near, and like is that he wants to emphasize the message a despoiling from the Almighty One it will and not the messenger. com e!" (Joel 1:15) Jehovah counsels the in­ habitants of Zion: "Come back to me with Also in the days of Uzziah, Amos, a resi­ all your hearts." If they do, Jehovah will dent of Judah and "a herdsman and a nipper "show compassion upon his people" and of figs of sycamore trees," is commissioned will put far away "the northerner"—the in­ to be a prophet. (Amos 7:14) Unlike Joel, sect assault. Before the coming of his great who prophesies in Judah, Amos is sent north day, though, Jehovah will "pour out [his] to the ten-tribe kingdom of Israel. Complet­ spirit on every sort of flesh" and will "give ed about 804 B.C.E. after the prophet's re­ portents in the heavens and on the earth." turn to Judah, the book of Amos is written in - J o e l 2:12,18-20,28-31. language that is simple but picturesque. The nations are challenged: "Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning shears into lances" and prepare for war. They are ordered to "com e up to the low plain o f Jehoshaphat," where they will be judged V and crushed. "But as for Judah, to time in­ Joelprophesied: definite it will be inhabited."—Joel 3:10, "The day of Jehovah is near!" 12, 20 .

A

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:15; 2:1, 11, 31; 3:14—W hat is "the day of Jehovah"? The day of Jehovah is the time of the execution of Jehovah's judgment upon his enemies, resulting in destruction for them but salvation for true worshippers. For example, just such a day came upon an­ cient Babylon in 539 B.C.E. when it was con­ quered by the Medes and the Persians. (Isa­ iah 13:1, 6) Another "day of Jehovah" is near, 12

THE W ATCHTOW ER • O C TO BER 1, 2007

when he will execute divine judgment upon "Babylon the Great''—the world empire of false religion.—Revelation 18:1-4,21. 2:1-10, 2 8 —How has the prophecy about the invasion by insects been fulfilled? There is no record in the Bible of an insect in­ vasion of the land of Canaan of the magni­ tude described in the book of Joel. Therefore, the assault Joel describes is apparently picto­ rial of the time in 33 C.E. when Jehovah started to pour out his spirit upon early fol­ lowers of Christ and they began preaching the message that tormented false religious leaders. (Acts 2:1, 14-21; 5:27-33) It is our privilege to share in a similar work today. 2:32—W hat does it m ean to 'call on the name of Jehovah'? To call on God's name means to know that name, to respect it deep­ ly, and to rely upon and trust in the bearer of that name.—Romans 10:13,14. 3:14—W hat is "the low plain of the deci­ sion"? It is a symbolic place for meting out God's judgment. In the days of Judean King Jehoshaphat, whose name means "Je­ hovah Is Judge," God delivered Judah from surrounding nations by confusing their mili­ tary forces. Hence, the place is also called "the low plain of Jehoshaphat." (Joel 3:2,12) In our day, it represents a symbolic location in which nations will be crushed like grapes in a winepress.—Revelation 19:15. Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 1:13, 14. Genuine repentance and ac­ knowledgment of Jehovah as the true God are essential for salvation. 2 :1 2 ,1 3 . Genuine repentance is heartfelt. It involves an inward 'ripping apart of our hearts,' not an outward 'ripping apart of gar­ ments.' 2:28-32. Only he "who calls on the name of Jehovah will get away safe" on "the great and fear-inspiring day of Jehovah." How grateful we can be that Jehovah pours out

his spirit on every sort of flesh and has young and old, male and female, share in the work of prophesying, that is, declaring "the magnificent things of God"! (Acts 2:11) As the day of Jehovah nears, should we not abound in "holy acts of conduct and deeds of godly devotion"?—2 Peter 3:10-12. 3 :4 -8 ,1 9 . Joel prophesied that the nations surrounding Judah would be called to ac­ count for mistreating God's chosen people. True to those prophetic words, the mainland city of Tyre was brought to ruin by Babylo­ nian King Nebuchadnezzar. Later, when the island-city fell to Alexander the Great, thou­ sands of its military m en and prom inent people were killed and 30,000 of its inhabi­ tants were sold into slavery. The Philistines experienced like treatm ent at the hands of Alexander and his successors. By the fourth century B.C.E., Edom lay desolate. (Malachi 1:3) These fulfilled prophecies strengthen our faith in Jehovah as the Fulfiller of his promises. They also show how Jehovah will deal with nations that persecute his wor­ shippers today. 3:16-21. "Heaven and earth certainly will rock,” and the nations will experience Jeh o­ vah's adverse judgments. "But Jehovah will be a refuge for his people," granting them life under paradisaic conditions. Should we not be firmly determined to stay close to him as his day for executing judgment upon the wicked world draws near? "GET READY TO MEET YOUR GOD" (Amos 1:1-9:15) Amos has a message for the enemy na­ tions round about Israel and for Judah and Israel. Destruction is in store for Syria, Philistia, Tyre, Edom, and Moab because of their cruel treatment of God's people. The inhabi­ tants of Judah are in line for destruction "on account of their rejecting the law of Jeh o­ vah." (Amos 2:4) W hat about the ten-tribe THE W ATCHTOW ER • O C TO B ER 1, 2007

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kingdom of Israel? Her sins include greedy oppression of the poor, immorality, and disrespectful treatment of God's prophets. Amos warns that Jehovah will "hold an ac­ counting against the altars of Bethel" and "will strike down the winter house in addi­ tion to the summer house."—Amos 3:14,15. Despite various punishments already met­ ed out, the idolatrous Israelites remain obsti­ nate. Amos tells them: "Get ready to meet your God." (Amos 4:12) For the Israelites, the day of Jehovah will mean that they will "go into exile beyond Damascus," that is, to Assyria. (Amos 5:27) Amos faces opposition from a priest of Bethel but remains un­ deterred. "The end has come to my people Israel," Jehovah tells Amos. "I shall no more do any further excusing of them ." (Amos 8:2) Neither Sheol nor high mountains can shield them from God's judgments. (Amos 9:2, 3) Yet, there is a promise of restoration. "I will gather back the captive ones of my people Israel," says Jehovah, "and they will actually build the desolated cities and inhab­ it them, and plant vineyards and drink the wine of them, and make gardens and eat the fruit of them ."—Amos 9:14.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 4 :1 —W ho are pictured by the "cows of Bashan"? The high plateau of Bashan, an area east of the Sea of Galilee, was known for its excellent breeds of animals, including cows. The area's rich pastures contributed to this. Amos likened the luxury-loving wom­ en of Samaria to the cows of Bashan. These women undoubtedly pressured "their mas­ ters,” or husbands, to defraud the lowly ones to facilitate their own taste for riches. 4 :6 —W hat is meant by the expression "cleanness of teeth"? Used in parallel with "want of bread," the phrase could refer to a time of famine when teeth remain clean be­ cause of the lack of food. 14

THE W ATCHTOWER • O CTO BER 1, 2007

5:5—In w hat way was Israel 'n o t to search for Bethel'? Jeroboam had set up calf worship in Bethel. Since then, that city had become a center of false worship. Gilgal and Beer-sheba too must have been locations of apostate worship. To escape the foretold ca­ lamity, Israel needed to stop making reli­ gious pilgrimages to these places and start searching for Jehovah. 7:1—To what does "the m own grass of the king" refer? It likely refers to the tax lev­ ied by the king for the upkeep of his horse­ men and animals. This tax had to be paid "at the start of the coming up of the later sowing." Afterward, the people could har­ vest their crops. Before they could do that, however, a locust swarm formed and de­ voured their crops along with the other veg­ etation. 8:1, 2 —W hat did "a basket of summer fruit" signify? It signified that the day of Je ­ hovah was near. Summer fruit is picked to­ ward the end of the harvest season, that is, toward the end of the agricultural year. W hen Jehovah caused Amos to see "a basket of summer fruit," it meant that the end was near for Israel. Therefore, God told Amos: "The end has come to my people Israel. I shall no more do any further excusing of them ." Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 1 :3 ,6 ,9 ,1 1 ,1 3 ; 2 :1 ,4 ,6 . It was with regard to his anger toward Israel, Judah, and the six nations surrounding them that Jehovah says: "I shall not turn it back." Jehovah's judgments are inescapable.—Amos 9:2-5. 2:12. We should not discourage hardwork­ ing pioneers, traveling overseers, missionar­ ies, or members of the Bethel family by urg­ ing them to give up their full-time service for a so-called normal way of life. On the con­ trary, we should encourage them to keep up their good work.

mmmmm 3:8. As one feels afraid when hearing a lion roar, Amos felt impelled to preach at hearing Jehovah say: "Go, prophesy to my people." (Amos 7:15) Godly fear should move us to be zealous preachers of the Kingdom mes­ sage. 3:13-15; 5:11. W ith Jehovah's help, the lowly herdsman Amos was able to "give wit­ ness" to people who were affluent and there­ fore complacent. Jehovah can likewise equip us to declare the Kingdom message regard­ less of how challenging a territory might be. 4:6-11; 5:4, 6 ,1 4 . Despite the Israelites' re­ peated failure to "com e back" to Jehovah, they were urged to "search for Jehovah, and keep living." As long as Jehovah patiently al­ lows this wicked system of things to contin­ ue, we should exhort those in it to turn to God. 5:18, 19. "Craving the day of Jehovah" without really being ready for it is foolish. The situation of a man doing so is like that of someone who flees from a lion only to en­ counter a bear and then runs away from the bear only to be bitten by a serpent. We would be wise to "keep awake" spiritually and to re­ main in a state of readiness.—Luke 21:36. 7:12-17. We should be fearless and bold about declaring God's message. 9:7-10. Being descendants of faithful patri­ archs and of those delivered out of Egypt as Like Amos, we should be fearless and bold proclaimers of Cod's message

God's chosen people did not prevent the un­ faithful Israelites from having a bad standing with God like that of the Cushites. Gaining an approved standing with the impartial God depends, not on having a certain lineage, but on 'fearing him and working righteousness.' -A cts 10:34, 35. What We Should Do The day for executing divine judgment upon Satan's world is near. God has poured out his spirit upon his worshippers, equip­ ping them to warn mankind of the coming of his day. Should we not have a full share in helping others com e to know Jehovah and 'call on his nam e'?—Joel 2:31, 32. "Hate what is bad," exhorts Amos, "and love what is good, and give justice a place in the gate." (Amos 5:15) As Jehovah's day nears, it is the course of wisdom to draw close to God and keep ourselves separate from the wicked world and its corrupting as­ sociations. To that end, what timely lessons we can learn from the Bible books of Joel and Amos!—Hebrews 4:12.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Books of Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah

//H P H E vision of Obadiah." (Obadiah 1) J- These words begin the Bible book of Obadiah. The prophet reveals nothing about himself except his name in the book that he composed in 607 B.C.E. In a book completed over two centuries earlier, the prophet Jonah candidly relates what he personally experi­ enced in connection with his missionary as­ signment. The 60 years of Micah's prophetic activity lie between those of Obadiah and Jo­ nah, stretching from 777 B.C.E. to 717 B.C.E. All that Micah relates about himself is that he is "of [the village] Moresheth" and that Jeho­ vah's word occurred to him "in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, kings of Judah." (Micah 1:1) The prophet's familiarity with rural life is evident in the type of illustra­ tions he uses to stress the points of his mes­ sage.

EDOM "WILL HAVE TO BE CUT OFF TO TIME INDEFINITE" (Obadiah 1-21) Regarding Edom, Obadiah says: "Because of the violence to your brother Jacob, shame will cover you, and you will have to be cut off to time indefinite." The prophet has fresh in mind the Edomites' recent acts of violence against the sons of Jacob—the Israelites. In 607 B.C.E., when the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem, the Edomites "stood off on the side" and allied themselves with the invad­ ing "foreigners."—Obadiah 10,11. In contrast, a restoration is in store for the house of Jacob. Obadiah's prophecy states: "In Mount Zion is where those escaping will

Obadiah prophesied: "[Edom] will have to be cut off to time indefinite"

prove to be, and it must become something holy."—Obadiah 17.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 5-8—W hat is significant about the com ­ parison of Edom's destruction to the com ­ ing of despoilers by night and of grape gatherers? If thieves had come into Edom, they would have taken only what they want­ ed. Had harvesters come into her, they would have left behind some of the crop for glean­ ing. When Edom falls, though, her treasures will be thoroughly searched out and she will be completely plundered by "the very men in covenant with [her]"—her allies, the Bab­ ylonians.—Jeremiah 49:9,10. 10—How was Edom "cu t off to time in­ definite"? As foretold, the nation of Edom, with a government and people in a specific region of the earth, became extinct. Bab­ ylonian King Nabonidus conquered Edom about the middle of the sixth century B.C.E. By the fourth century B.C.E., Edom's territo­ ry was inhabited by the Nabataeans, and the Edomites had to take up residence in the southern part of Judea, the area of the Negeb that later came to be known as Idumea. After the Romans destroyed Jerusalem in 70 C.E., the Edomites ceased to exist. THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEM BER 1, 2007

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Lessons for Us:______________________ 3, 4. Because they lived in a rugged re­ gion of high mountains and deep ravines that offered excellent strategic advantages, the Edomites may presumptuously have de­ ceived themselves into feeling safe and se­ cure. But Jehovah's judgments are inescap­ able. 8, 9, 15. Human wisdom and mightiness provide no protection during "the day of Je­ hovah."—Jeremiah 49:7, 22. 12-14. The Edomites serve as a warning ex­ ample to those who gloat over the difficulties that God's servants may encounter. Jehovah does not view the mistreatment of his people lightly. 17-20. This restoration prophecy regarding the sons of Jacob began to be fulfilled when a remnant returned to Jerusalem from Bab­ ylon in 537 B.C.E. Jehovah's word always comes true. We can have full confidence in his promises.

"NINEVEH WILL BE OVERTHROWN" (Jonah 1:1-4:11) Instead of obeying God's command to "go to Nineveh the great city, and proclaim against her" a judgment message, Jonah flees in the opposite direction. By hurling "a great wind at the sea" and by using "a great fish," Jehovah redirects Jonah and commissions him a second time to go to the Assyrian capital.—Jonah 1:2, 4,17; 3:1, 2. Jonah enters Nineveh and proceeds to proclaim a straightforward message: "Only forty days m ore, and Nineveh will be overthrown." (Jonah 3:4) The unexpected outcome of his preaching work causes Jonah to become "hot with anger." Jehovah uses "a bottle-gourd plant" to teach Jonah a lesson in mercy.—Jonah 4:1, 6.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 3 :3 —Did the size of Nineveh really am ount to "a walking distance of three 14

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 1, 2007

days"? Yes. In ancient times, Nineveh was likely understood to include other settle­ ments stretching from Khorsabad in the north to Nimrud in the south. All the settle­ ments identified with Nineveh form a quad­ rangle with a circumference of 60 miles. 3 :4 —Did Jonah have to learn the Assyri­ an language in order to preach to the Ninevites? Jonah may already have known the Assyrian language, or he may have miracu­ lously received the ability to speak it. Anoth­ er possibility is that he delivered his succinct message in Hebrew, with someone interpret­ ing for him. If the latter was the case, his words would have aroused even greater cu­ riosity about his message.

Lessons for Us:______________________ 1:1-3. Deliberately scheduling other activi­ ties in order to avoid having a full share in the Kingdom-preaching and disciple-making work is an indication of a wrong motive. Someone who does so runs away from a Godgiven assignment, so to speak. 1:1, 2; 3:10. Jehovah's mercy is not limited to one nation or race or to a special group of people. "Jehovah is good to all, and his mer­ cies are over all his works."—Psalm 145:9. 1:17; 2:10. Jonah's three days and nights in a big fish prophetically point to Jesus' death and resurrection.—Matthew 12:39, 40; 16:21. 1:17; 2:10; 4:6. Jehovah delivered Jonah from the raging sea. God also "appointed a bottle-gourd plant, that it should come up over Jonah, in order to become a shade over his head, to deliver him from his calami­ tous state." Jehovah's present-day worship­ pers can trust in their God, and in his loving­ kindness, to safeguard and deliver them. -Psalm 13:5; 40:11. 2:1, 2, 9 ,1 0 . Jehovah hears the prayers of his servants and pays attention to their en­ treaties.—Psalm 120:1; 130:1, 2.

3 :8 ,1 0 . The true God "felt regret over," or changed his mind about, the calamity that he had spoken of, and he "did not cause it." Why? Because the Ninevites "had turned back from their bad way.” Similarly today, God's adverse judgment can be averted if a sinner manifests genuine repentance. 4:1-4. No human can cause God to put a limit on His mercy. We should be careful not to be critical of Jehovah's merciful ways. 4:11. Jehovah is patiently having the King­ dom message preached earth wide because —as he did for the 120,000 men in Nine­ veh—he feels sorry for those "who do not at all know the difference between their right hand and their left.” Should we not feel sorry for the people in our territory and have a zealous share in the Kingdom-preaching and disciple-making work?—2 Peter 3:9.

'THEIR BALDNESS IS TO BE BROADENED OUT' (Micah 1:1-7:20) Micah exposes the sins of Israel and Judah, foretells the desolation of their capitals, and promises restoration. Samaria shall become "a heap of ruins of the field." Because of their idolatrous course, Israel and Judah de­ serve "baldness," or shame. By their being sent into captivity, their baldness is to be broadened out "like that of the eagle”—ap­ parently a type of vulture that has only a few soft hairs on its head. Jehovah promises: "I shall positively gather Jacob." (Micah 1:6,16; 2:12) On account of the corrupt leaders and the delinquent prophets, Jerusalem too "will become mere heaps of ruins." But Jehovah will "collect [his people] together." Out of "Bethlehem Ephrathah" will come "the one who is to become ruler in Israel.”—Micah 3: 12; 4:12; 5:2. Has Jehovah been unfair to Israel? Are his requirements too severe? No. All that Jeho­ vah asks of his worshippers is that they 'exer­

cise justice, love kindness, and be modest' in walking with their God. (Micah 6:8) Micah's contemporaries, though, have become so bad that "their best one is like a brier, their most upright one is worse than a thorn hedge,” causing hurt and pain to anyone coming near. But the prophet asks: "Who is a God like [Jehovah]?" God will again show mercy to his people and "throw into the depths of the sea all their sins."—Micah 7:4, 18,19.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:12—W hen was the prophecy about 'co llectin g th e rem ain in g ones o f Is­ rael' fulfilled? Its first fulfillment was in 537 B.C.E. when a Jewish remnant returned to their homeland from Babylonian exile. In modern times, the prophecy finds its fulfill­ ment in "the Israel of God." (Galatians 6:16) Since 1919, anointed Christians have been collected together "like a flock in the pen." Being joined by the "great crowd" of "other sheep," especially since 1935, they have be­ come "noisy with men." (Revelation 7:9; John 10:16) Together, they zealously pro­ mote true worship. 4:1-4—"In the final part of the days," how does Jeh o v ah "re n d e r ju d gm en t am ong m any peoples, and set matters straight respecting mighty nations"? The expressions "many peoples" and "mighty nations" do not refer to national groups or political enti­ ties. Rather, these expressions per­ tain to individuals out of all the nations who have become Jeho­ vah's worshippers. Jehovah renders judgment and sets matters straight respecting them in a spiritual way. Micah 'showed waiting attitude ft Jehovah,' and so can yo

The preaching work is a privilege to be cherished

Lessons for Us:______________________ 1:6, 9; 3:12; 5:2. Samaria was devastated by the Assyrians in 740 B.C.E.—during Micah's lifetime. (2 Kings 17:5, 6) The Assyrians came as far as Jerusalem during Hezekiah's reign. (2 Kings 18:13) Jerusalem was set ablaze by the Babylonians in 607 B.C.E. (2 Chronicles 36:19) As prophesied, the Mes­ siah was born in "Bethlehem Ephrathah." (Matthew 2:3-6) Jehovah's prophetic word never fails. 2:1, 2. How dangerous it would be for us to claim to serve God but seek first riches rather than "the kingdom and his righteousness." —Matthew 6:33; 1 Timothy 6:9,10. 3:1-3, 5. Jehovah expects the responsible ones among his people to act justly. 3:4. If we want Jehovah to answer our prayers, we must not practice sin or live a double life. 3:8. Our commission to preach the good news, which includes judgment messages, can be fulfilled only if we are strengthened by Jehovah's holy spirit. 5:5. This Messianic prophecy assures us that when God's people come under attack by their enemies, "seven [representing com­ pleteness] shepherds" and "eight dukes"—a considerable number of capable men—are raised up to take the lead among Jehovah's people. 16

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 1, 2007

5:7, 8. To many people, anointed Chris­ tians today are "like dew from Jehovah"—a blessing from God. This is so because he uses the anointed to proclaim the Kingdom mes­ sage. The "other sheep" help in bringing spiritual refreshment to people by actively supporting the anointed in the preaching work. (John 10:16) What a privilege it is to share in this work, which brings true refresh­ ment to others! 6:3, 4. We should imitate Jehovah God and be kind and compassionate even to those who are hard to get along with or are spiritually weak. 7:7. As we deal with problems at the end of this wicked system of things, we should not become downhearted. Instead, like Micah, we need to "show a waiting attitude for [our] God." 7:18, 19. As Jehovah is willing to pardon our errors, we should be willing to forgive those who sin against us.

Continue 'Walking in the Name of Jehovah' Those who fight against God and his peo­ ple "will have to be cut off to time indef­ inite." (Obadiah 10) However, Jehovah's an­ ger can be turned back by our heeding the divine warning and 'turning back from bad ways.' (Jonah 3:10) "In the final part of the days," that is, during these "last days," true worship is being exalted above all false reli­ gion and obedient ones are streaming to it. (Micah 4:1; 2 Timothy 3:1) May we therefore be determined to "walk in the name of Jeho­ vah our God to time indefinite, even for­ ever."—Micah 4:5. What valuable lessons the books of Obadi­ ah, Jonah, and Micah teach us! Though writ­ ten over 2,500 years ago, their message "is alive and exerts power," even today.—He­ brews 4:12.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah HE Assyrian world power has already devastated Samaria, the capital of the ten-tribe kingdom of Israel. Assyria has also long been a menace to Judah. The prophet Nahum of Judah has a word regarding the Assyrian capital, Nineveh. Composed be­ fore 632 B.C.E., the Bible book of Nahum contains that message. The next power to rise is the Babylo­ nian Empire, sometimes ruled by Chaldean kings. The book of Habakkuk, perhaps com­ pleted in 628 B.C.E., foretells how Jehovah will use that world power as his agent for ex­ ecuting judgment and what will eventually befall Babylon. The prophet Zephaniah of Judah predates both Nahum and Habakkuk. Prophesying more than 40 years before the destruction

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of Jerusalem in 607 B.C.E., he proclaims a message of both doom and hope for Judah. The Bible book of Zephaniah also contains pronouncements against other nations. "WOE TO THE CITY OF BLOODSHED" (Nahum 1:1-3:19) "The pronouncement against Nineveh” is from Jehovah God, who is "slow to anger and great in power." Although Jehovah is "a stronghold in the day of distress" to those seeking refuge in him, Nineveh is to be de­ stroyed.—Nahum 1:1, 3, 7. "Jehovah will certainly gather [restore] the pride of Jacob.” Like 'the lion tearing to pieces,' however, Assyria has terrorized the nation of God's people. Jehovah "will burn up [Nineveh's] war chariot in the smoke. And a sword will devour [her] own maned young lions." (Nahum 2:2, 12, 13) "Woe to Randy Olson/National Geographic Image Collection

Nineveh's massive walls did not prevent the fulfillment of Nahum's prophecy

the city of bloodshed"—Nineveh. "All those hearing the report about [her] will certainly clap their hands" and rejoice.—Nahum 3: 1,19.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

sive devotion, shows that he expects noth­ ing less than exclusive devotion from his worshippers.—Exodus 20:5. 1:10. Massive walls with hundreds of tow­ ers did not prevent the fulfillment of Jeho­ vah's word against Nineveh. The enemies of Jehovah's people today will not be able to escape God's adverse judgments.—Proverbs 2:22; Daniel 2:44.

1:9—W hat will "an outright exterm ina­ tion” of Nineveh m ean for Judah? It will mean permanent relief from Assyria; "dis­ tress will not rise up a second time." Speak­ ing as if Nineveh were no more, Nahum writes: "Look! Upon the mountains the feet of one bringing good news, one publishing peace. O Judah, celebrate your festivals.” —Nahum 1:15. 2 :6 —W hat "gates of the rivers" were opened? These gates referred to the open­ ing made in the walls of Nineveh by the wa­ ters of the Tigris River. In 632 B.C.E. when the joint forces of the Babylonians and the Medes came up against Nineveh, she did not feel particularly threatened. Secure be­ hind her high walls, she considered herself to be an impenetrable city. However, heavy rains caused the Tigris to overflow. Accord­ ing to historian Diodorus, this "both inun­ dated a portion of the city and broke down the walls for a distance." The river gates were thus opened, and as foretold, Nineveh was taken as quickly as fire devours dry stubble. —Nahum 1:8-10. 3 :4 —How was Nineveh like a prosti­ tute? Nineveh deceived nations by promis­ ing them friendship and help but actually bringing upon them the yoke of oppression. For example, Assyria gave Judean King Ahaz some help against the Syro-Israelite conspir­ acy. Eventually, though, "the king of Assyria came against [Ahaz] and caused him dis­ tress."—2 Chronicles 28:20.

'THE RIGHTEOUS ONE WILL KEEP LIVING' (Habakkuk 1:1-3:19) The first two chapters of the book of Ha­ bakkuk are a dialogue between the prophet and Jehovah God. Distressed over what is taking place in Judah, Habakkuk asks God: "W hy is it that you make me see what is hurtful, and you keep looking upon mere trouble?" In reply, Jehovah says: "I am rais­ ing up the Chaldeans, the nation bitter and impetuous." The prophet expresses surprise that God would use "those dealing treacher­ ously" to punish Judah. (Habakkuk 1:3, 6, 13) Habakkuk is assured that the righteous one will keep living, but the enemy will not escape punishment. Moreover, Habakkuk records five woes to be taken up against the Chaldean foe.—Habakkuk 2:4. In a prayer for mercy, Habakkuk recounts "in dirges" such past demonstrations of Je­ hovah's awesome power as those at the Red Sea, in the wilderness, and at Jericho. The prophet also foretells the marching forth of Jehovah with destructive anger at Armaged­ don. The prayer concludes with the words: "Jehovah the Sovereign Lord is my vital en­ ergy; and he will make my feet like those of the hinds, and upon my high places he will cause me to tread."—Habakkuk 3:1,19.

Lessons for Us:__________________________________

Scriptural Questions Answered:

1:2-6. Jehovah's taking vengeance upon his enemies, who refuse to give him exclu­

1:5, 6 —W hy m ight the raising up of the Chaldeans against Jerusalem have seemed THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEM BER 15, 2007

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unbelievable to the Jews? By the time Habakkuk began prophesying, Judah had com e under the powerful influence of Egypt. (2 Kings 23:29, 30, 34) Although the Babylonians were on the rise, their army had not yet defeated Pharaoh Necho. (Jeremiah 46:2) Moreover, Jehovah's temple was in Jerusalem, and the Davidic dynasty had ruled uninterrupted from there. To the Jews back then, God's "activi­ ty" of allowing the Chaldeans to destroy Jerusalem would appear unthinkable. Re­ gardless of how unbelievable Habakkuk's words may have sounded to them, though, the vision about Jerusalem's destruction by the Babylonians 'without fail came true' in 607 B.C.E.—Habakkuk 2:3. 2 :5 —Who is the "able-bodied man,"

and why "will [he] not reach his goal"? The Babylonians, who used their military prowess to conquer nations, were a compos­ ite "able-bodied man.” The taste of victory made him like someone intoxicated with wine. He would not succeed in gathering to himself all the nations, however, because Je­ hovah would use the Medes and the Per­ sians to cause his fall. The modern-day com­ posite "m an" is made up of political powers. He too is drunk with self-assurance and selfimportance and has an insatiable appe­ tite for expansion. But he does not reach his goal of "gathering to himself all the nations." Only God's Kingdom will unite mankind.—Matthew 6:9,10.

Lessons for Us:______________________ 1:1-4; 1 :1 2 -2 :1 . Habakkuk asked sincere questions, and Jehovah answered him. The true God listens to the prayers of his faithful servants. 2:1. Like Habakkuk, we should remain spiritually alert and active. We should also be ready to adjust our thinking in line with 10

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 15, 2007

any "reproof," or correction, we may re­ ceive. 2:3; 3:16. As we wait in faith for the com ­ ing of Jehovah's day, let us not lose the sense of urgency. 2:4. To survive the coming day of Jeho­ vah's judgment, we must endure in faithful­ ness.—Hebrews 10:36-38. 2:6, 7, 9 ,1 2 ,1 5 , 1 9 . Woe is certain upon the one who is greedy of dishonest gain, lov­ ing violence, practicing immorality, or en­ gaging in idolatry. We must be on guard to avoid these traits and practices. 2:11. If we fail to expose the wickedness of this world, "a stone itself will cry out plain­ tively." It is important that we courageously keep on preaching the Kingdom message! 3:6. Nothing will be able to stand in the way of Jehovah when he executes his judg­ ment, not even human organizations that seem as permanent as the mountains and the hills. 3:13. We have the assurance that the de­ struction at Armageddon will not be ran­ dom. Jehovah will save his faithful servants. 3:17-19. Even though hardship may be­ fall us before and during Armageddon, we can be confident that Jehovah will supply us with "vital energy" as we joyfully contin­ ue serving him.

"THE DAY OF JEHOVAH IS NEAR" (Zephaniah 1:1-3:20) Baal worship runs rampant in Judah. Je­ hovah says through his prophet Zephaniah: "I will stretch out my hand against Judah and against all the inhabitants of Jerusa­ lem." Zephaniah warns: "The day of Jeho­ vah is near." (Zephaniah 1:4, 7, 14) Only those meeting God's requirements will "be concealed" in that day.—Zephaniah 2:3. "Woe to . . . the oppressive city"—Jerusa­ lem! "'Keep yourselves in expectation of

m e/ is the utterance of Jehovah, 'till the day of my rising up to the booty, for my judicial decision is to gather nations . . . in order to pour out upon them my denunciation.'" But God promises: "I shall make you people to be a name and a praise among all the peo­ ples of the earth, when I gather back your captive ones before your eyes."—Zephaniah 3 :1 ,8 ,2 0 . Scriptural Questions Answered:

2:13, 14—Whose "voice will keep sing­ ing" in completely desolated Nineveh? Since Nineveh was to become a place for wild animals and birds, the voice that would keep singing refers to birdsong and possibly to the sound of the wind in the windows of deserted buildings.

3:9—What is the "pure language," and how is it spoken? It is the truth of God found in his Word, the Bible. It includes all Bible teachings. We speak it by believing the truth, by correctly teaching it to others, and by living in harmony with God's will.

"seek Jehovah” by carefully studying his Word, the Bible; prayerfully asking for his guidance; and drawing close to him. We must "seek righteousness” by living a moral­ ly clean life. And we need to "seek meekness" by cultivating a meek and submissive atti­ tude. 2:4-15; 3:1-5. On the day of the execution of Jehovah's judgment, Christendom and all the nations, which have oppressed God's people, will meet the same end as did an­ cient Jerusalem and surrounding nations. (Revelation 16:14, 16; 18:4-8) We should fearlessly continue to declare God's judg­ ments. 3:8, 9. As we await the day of Jehovah, we prepare for survival by learning to speak the "pure language" and by 'calling upon God's name' by making a personal dedication to him. We also serve Jehovah "shoulder to shoulder" in association with his people and offer him "a sacrifice of praise" as a gift.—He­ brews 13:15.

Lessons for Us:______________________

"There Is a Hurrying of It"

1:8. Some in Zephaniah's day were appar­ ently seeking the acceptance of surrounding nations by "wearing foreign attire." How foolish it would be for Jehovah's worship­ pers today to try to conform to the world by similar means! 1:12; 3:5, 16. Jehovah kept sending his prophets to warn his people of his judicial decisions. He did so even though—like dregs congealed at the bottom of a wine vat—many Jews had settled down and were apathetic to­ ward the message. As Jehovah's great day nears, instead of allowing the indifferent at­ titude of people to cause 'our hands to drop down' in slackness, we need to keep on de­ claring the Kingdom message without letup. 2:3. Only Jehovah can save us in the day of his anger. To remain in his favor, we need to

The psalmist sang: "Just a little while lon­ ger, and the wicked one will be no more; and you will certainly give attention to his place, and he will not be." (Psalm 37:10) When we reflect upon what was foretold about Nineveh in the book of Nahum and about Babylon and apostate Judah in the book of Habakkuk, we have no doubt that the psalmist's words will come true. How much longer, though, must we wait? "The great day of Jehovah is near," says Zephaniah 1:14. "It is near, and there is a hurrying of it very m uch." The book of Zephaniah also shows us how we may be concealed in that day and what we must do now to prepare for survival. Indeed, "the word of God is alive and exerts power."—He­ brews 4:12. THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 15, 2007

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Books of Haggai and Zechariah

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HE year is 5 2 0 B.C.E. Sixteen years have passed since the Jew ish returnees from Babylonian exile laid the foundation of Jeh o ­ vah's tem ple in Jerusalem . Yet, the temple is not completed, and the building work is u n­ der ban. Jehovah raises up th e prophet Hag­ gai and two m onths later the prophet Zecha­ riah to speak His word. Haggai and Zechariah have one objective: Stir up th e people to resume the work of re­ building the temple. The efforts of these prophets succeed, and th e tem ple is com plet­ ed five years later. W hat Haggai and Zechari­ ah proclaim ed is recorded in th e Bible books bearing th eir nam es. The books of Haggai and Zechariah were com pleted in 520 B.C.E. and 518 B.C.E. respectively. Like those proph­ ets, we too have a God-given work, which m ust be brought to com pletion before the end of th e present system o f things. It is th e Kingdom -preaching and disciple-making work. Let us see what encouragem ent we can draw from the books of Haggai and Zecha­ riah.

What was the objective of Haggai's and Zechariah's messages?

"SET YOUR HEART UPON YOUR WAYS" (Haggai 1:1-2:23) W ith in 112 days, Haggai delivers four m o­ tivating messages. The first is: " 'S e t your heart upon your ways. Go up to th e m ou n ­ tain, and you m ust bring in lum ber. And build th e house, th at I m ay take pleasure in it and I m ay be glorified,' Jeh o v ah has said." (Haggai 1:7, 8) The people respond fa­ vorably. The second message con tains th e promise: "I [Jehovah] will fill this house with glory."—Haggai 2:7. According to th e third message, th eir n e­ glect in th e tem ple rebuilding has m ade 'the people and all the work o f th eir hands' u n ­ clean before Jehovah. From th e day th e re­ pair work begins, however, Jeh ovah "shall bestow blessing" upon them . As stated in the fourth message, Jeh ovah shall "an n ih ilate the strength o f the kingdom s o f th e n a­ tions" and set Governor Zerubbabel as "a seal rin g ."—Haggai 2 :1 4 ,1 9 , 22, 23.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

1:6—What is the meaning of the expres­ sion "there is a drinking, but not to the point of getting intoxicated"? This expres­ sion simply indicates th e scarcity of wine. Be­ cause of the lack o f Jeh ovah 's blessing, the supply o f wine would be lim ited—definitely not sufficient to cause intoxication.

2:6, 7,21,22—Who or what is causing the rocking, and with what effect? Jehovah is 'rocking all the nations' by m eans of the worldwide preaching o f th e Kingdom m es­ sage. The preaching work also has the effect of bringing "th e desirable things of all the nations" into Jehovah's house, thus filling it with glory. In tim e, "Jehovah of arm ies" is to rock "th e heavens and th e earth and the sea and the dry ground," causing the entire pres­ ent wicked system o f things to be shaken out of existence.—Hebrews 12:26, 27.

2:9—In what ways could 'the glory of the later house become greater than that of the former'? This was to be in at least three ways: the num ber o f years the tem ple was in exis­ tence, who taught there, and who flocked there to worship Jehovah. Although Solo­ m on's glorious tem ple stood for 4 2 0 years, from 1027 B.C.E. to 607 B.C.E., the "later house" was in use for over 5 8 0 years, from its com pletion in 515 B.C.E. to its destruc­ tion in 70 C.E. Moreover, th e M essiah—Je ­ sus Christ—taught in th e "later house," and more people cam e to it th an to "th e form er" in order to worship God.—Acts 2:1-11.

Lessons for Us:__________________________________ 1:2-4. Resistance to our preaching work should n ot cause us to shift our priorities from "seeking first th e kingdom " to seeking first our own interests.—M atthew 6:33. 1:5, 7. It is good for us to 'set our heart upon our ways' and reflect on how what we are doing with our life affects our relation­ ship w ith God.

1 :6 ,9 -1 1 ; 2:14-17. The Jews in Haggai's day were working hard in personal pursuits but not enjoying th e fruits of th eir labor. They were neglecting the tem ple, so they did not have God's blessing. We should give priority to spiritual pursuits and render God wholesouled service, rem em bering th at w hether we have little or m uch in a m aterial way, 'the blessing of Jehovah is w hat makes rich.' —Proverbs 10:22. 2:15, 18. Jehovah urged the Jews to set their hearts from th at day forward, not on their past negligence, but on th e rebuilding work. W e sh o u ld likew ise strive to be forward-looking as we worship our God.

'NOT BY POWER, BUT BY MY SPIRIT' (Zechariah 1:1-14:21) Zechariah begins his prophetic activity with a call to th e Jew s to 'return to Jeh ov ah .' (Zechariah 1:3) The eight visions th at follow ensure divine backing on th e work o f re­ building th e tem ple. (See th e box "Zechariah's Eight Allegorical V isions.") The build­ ing work will com e to com pletion, "n o t by a m ilitary force, nor by power, bu t by [Je­ hovah's] spirit." (Zechariah 4:6) The m an nam ed Sprout "will certainly build the tem ­ ple o f Jeh o v ah " and "m u st becom e a priest upon his th ro n e ."—Zechariah 6 :1 2 ,1 3 . Bethel sends a delegation to ask th e priests about th e observance o f fasts com m em orat­ ing Jerusalem 's destruction. Jeh ovah tells Zechariah th at th e m ou rn in g during the four fasts held in rem em brance o f the ca­ lam ity th at befell Jeru salem will be changed into "an exu ltation and a rejoicing and good festal seasons." (Zechariah 7:2; 8:19) Th e two pronouncem ents th at follow include judg­ m ents against nations and false prophets, M essianic prophecies, and a message o f th e restoration o f God's people.—Zechariah 9:1; 12 : 1. THE WATCHTOWER • D ECEM BER 1, 2007

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Scriptural Questions Answered:

2 :1 —W h y w as a m an measuring Jerusalem with a rope? Evidently, this action suggested the building o f a protective wall around the city. The angel inform s th e m an th a t Jeru salem is to expand and have Jehovah's protection. —Zechariah 2:3-5.

shipping Jehovah, however, the truths of pure worship were to be spoken there, and Jerusalem was to be called "th e city of trueness."

11:7-14—W hat is signi­ fied by Zechariah's cutting up a staff called "Pleasant­ ness" and another called "Union"? Zechariah is por­

trayed as one sent to "shep­ herd the flock m eant for the 6:11-13—Did the crowning killing"—sheeplike people ex­ of High Priest Joshua make ploited by their leaders. In his him a king-priest? No, Jo sh ­ role as a shepherd, Zechariah ua was not from the royal line foreshadowed Jesus Christ, w ho o f David. His crowning, though, was sent to God's covenant peo­ m ade h im a prophetic type o f ple but was rejected by them . th e M essiah. (Hebrews 6:20) The How are those in The cutting up o f "Pleasantness" prophecy concerning "Sprout” positions of oversight symbolized that God would end has its fulfillm ent in th e heaven­ "like a fiery torch"? ly King-Priest Jesus Christ. (Jere­ th e Law covenant w ith th e Jews m iah 23:5) As Joshu a served th e and stop dealing pleasantly with returned Jews as high priest at the rebuilt them . The cutting up of "U n ion" m eant tem ple, so Jesus is the High Priest for true breaking up the theocratic bond o f brother­ hood between Judah and Israel. worship at Jehovah's spiritual temple.

8:1-23—When are the ten pronounce­ ments mentioned in these verses fulfilled?

12:11—What is "the wailing of Hadadrimmon in the valley plain of Megiddo"?

Each pronouncem ent follows the expression "th is is w hat Jehovah o f armies has said" and is God's prom ise o f peace for his people. Som e o f these pronouncem ents were ful­ filled in the sixth century B.C.E., but all o f th em have either been fulfilled since 1919 C.E. or are now in th e course o f fulfill­ m en t.*

King Josiah o f Judah was killed in a battle with Pharaoh N echo of Egypt in "th e valley plain of M egiddo," and his death was b e­ m oaned 'in dirges' over the years. (2 C hroni­ cles 35:25) Therefore, "th e wailing o f Hadadrim m on" may refer to the m ourning over Josiah's death.

8:3—Why is Jerusalem called "the city of trueness"? B efore its d estru ctio n in 607 B.C.E., Jerusalem was "th e oppressive city," populated by corrupt prophets and priests and unfaithful people. (Zephaniah 3:1; Jerem iah 6:13; 7:29-34) W ith the temple rebuilt and the people com m itted to wor* See The Watchtower, January 1, 1996, pages 9-22. 10

THE WATCHTOWER • DECEM BER 1, 2007

Lessons for Us:__________________________________

1:2-6; 7:11-14. Jehovah is pleased w ith and returns to those who repentantly accept re­ proof and return to him by rendering h im whole-souled worship. O n the other hand, he does not respond to a call for help from those who 'keep refusing to pay attention, keep giving a stubborn shoulder, and make their ears unresponsive' to his message.

4:6, 7. No obstacles proved too great for Je ­ hovah's spirit to overcom e in bringing the work of rebuilding the tem ple to a successful finish. W hatever problem s we may en cou n ­ ter in our service to God can be overcom e by exercising faith in Jeh o v ah .—M atthew 17:20. 4:10. Under Jeh ovah 's scrutiny, Zerubbabel and his people com pleted the tem ple ac­ cording to God's high standards. Living up to Jehovah's expectations is n ot too difficult for imperfect hum ans. 7:8-10; 8:16, 17. To gain Jehovah's favor, we must exercise justice, carry on loving­ kindness, practice mercy, and speak truth to one another. 8 :9 -1 3 . Jeh o v a h blesses us w hen 'ou r hands are strong' in doing th e work he has assigned us to do. These blessings include peace, security, and spiritual advancem ent. 1 2 :6 . T h ose in p o sitio n s o f oversight am ong Jehovah's people should be "like a fiery to rch "—outstandingly zealous. 13:3. Our loyalty to th e true God and his organization should surpass loyalty to any hum an, no m atter how close. 13:8, 9. Those apostates w hom Jehovah re­ jected were a large num ber, two parts of the land. O nly a third part underw ent refine­ m ent as through fire. In our day Christen­ dom, constituting th e m ajority of those who claim to be Christian, has been rejected by Je ­ hovah. O nly a sm all num ber, the an oint­ ed Christians, 'have called upon Jehovah's nam e' and subm itted them selves to the re­ fining process. They and their fellow believ­ ers prove to be m uch m ore th an W itnesses of Jehovah in nam e only.

Moved to Zealous Action How does w hat Haggai and Zechariah pro­ claim ed affect us today? W h en we reflect on how their message stirred th e Jews to give at­ tention to the work o f tem ple reconstruction, are we n ot m oved to have a zealous share in

the Kingdom -preaching and disciple-m aking work? Zechariah foretold th at th e M essiah would com e "riding upon an ass," th at he would be betrayed for "th irty pieces o f silver," th at he would be struck, and th at "th ose o f the flock [would] be scattered." (Zechariah 9:9; 11:12; 13:7) W hat an im pact m editation on the ful­ fillm ent o f such M essianic prophecies of Zechariah has on our faith! (M atthew 21: 1-9; 26:31, 56; 27:3-10) Our confidence in the Word of Jehovah and in his provisions for our salvation is strengthened.—Hebrews 4:12.

ZECHARIAH'S EIGHT ALLEGORICAL VISIONS

1:8-17: Guarantees the completion of the temple and shows that Jerusalem and other cities in Judah will be blessed. 1:18-21: Promises the end of Tour horns that dispersed Judah,' that is, all gov­ ernments that opposed Jehovah's wor­ ship. 2:1-13: Indicates that Jerusalem will ex­ pand and that Jehovah will become to her "a wall of fire all around"—a pro­ tection. 3:1-10: Shows that Satan was involved in opposing the work on the temple and that High Priest Joshua is deliv­ ered and cleansed. 4:1-14: Gives assurance that mountain­ like obstacles will be leveled and that Governor Zerubbabel will complete the construction of the temple. 5:1-4: Pronounces a curse on evildoers who have gone unpunished. 5:5-11: Foretells the end of wickedness. 6:1 -8: Promises angelic oversight and protection.

THE WATCHTOWER • DECEM BER 1, 2007

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Malachi

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HE rebuilt temple in Jerusalem has been standing completed for over 70 years. With the passing of time, though, the spiri­ tuality of the Jews has come to be at a very low ebb. Even the priests have become cor­ rupt. Who will make them aware of their true condition and try to revive them spiritu­ ally? Jehovah gives the task to the prophet Malachi. Written in a forceful style by Malachi, the last book of the Hebrew Scriptures contains divinely inspired prophecy. Paying attention to the prophetic word of Malachi can help us to prepare for "the great and fear-inspiring day of Jehovah," when the present wick­ ed system of things comes to an end. —Malachi 4:5. PRIESTS "HAVE CAUSED MANY TO STUMBLE" (Malachi 1:1-2:17)

Jehovah expresses his feelings toward Isra­ el, saying: "I have loved you people." But the priests have despised God's name. How? "By presenting upon [his] altar polluted bread" and by offering "a lame animal or a sick one" for sacrificing.—Malachi 1:2, 6-8. The priests "have caused many to stumble in the law." The people "deal treacherously with one another." Some have taken foreign wives. Others have dealt treacherously with "the wife of [their] youth."—Malachi 2:8,10, 11,14-16. Scriptural Questions Answered: 2 :2 —In what way did Jehovah "curse [the] blessings" of the wayward priests?

God did this in the sense that the blessing 26

THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 15, 2007

The prophet Malachi, a zealous and devoted servant of God

called for by such priests would turn out to be a curse. 2:3—W hat did it mean to "scatter dung" on the faces of the priests? According to the

Law, the dung of the sacrificial animal was to be taken outside the camp and burned. (Le­ viticus 16:27) To scatter dung on the priests' faces meant that Jehovah rejected the sacri­ fices and that those who offered them were contemptible to him. 2:13—With whose tears had the altar of Jehovah become covered? These were the

tears of the wives who came to the temple sanctuary and poured out their hearts before Jehovah. What had caused them such grief? Their Jewish husbands had obtained a di­ vorce on illegitimate grounds and had left

them, likely in order to marry younger for­ eign women. Lessons for Us:__________________________________

1:10. Jehovah took no pleasure in the of­ ferings of the greedy priests, who would charge a fee even for such simple services as shutting doors or lighting altar fires. How im­ portant it is that our acts of worship, includ­ ing what we do in the Christian ministry, be motivated by unselfish love for God and neighbor, never for monetary gain!—Mat­ thew 22:37-39; 2 Corinthians 11:7. 1:14; 2:17. Jehovah does not tolerate hy­ pocrisy. 2:7-9. Those who are given the privilege of teaching in the congregation should make sure that what they teach is in harmony with God's Word, the Holy Scriptures, and with Bible-based publications of “the faith­ ful steward."—Luke 12:42; James 3:11. 2:10,11. Jehovah expects his worshippers to take seriously the counsel to marry “only in the Lord."—1 Corinthians 7:39.

2:15,16. True worshippers are to honor the marriage covenant with the wife of their youth. 'THE TRUE LORD WILL COME TO HIS TEMPLE' (Malachi 3:1-4:6)

"Suddenly there will come to His temple the true Lord [Jehovah God]" with "the mes­ senger of the covenant [Jesus Christ]." God "will come near to [his] people for the judg­ ment" and become a speedy witness against all sorts of wrongdoers. Moreover, "a book of remembrance" is to be written up for those in fear of Jehovah.—Malachi 3:1, 3, 5,16. The day that "is burning like the furnace" will come and will devour all the wicked. Be­ fore the coming of that day, a prophet will be sent to "turn the heart of fathers back toward sons, and the heart of sons back toward fa­ thers."—Malachi 4:1, 5, 6. Scriptural Questions Answered: 3:1-3—When did "the true Lord" and "the messenger of the covenant" come to

the temple, and who was sent ahead of them? Jehovah representatively came to his

temple and cleansed it on Nisan 10, 33 C.E. That was the occasion when Jesus entered the temple and threw out those buying and selling. (Mark 11:15) This was three and a half years after Jesus had been anointed as King-Designate. Correspondingly, it appears that three and a half years after his enthrone­ ment as King in heaven, Jesus accompanied Jehovah to the spiritual temple and found God's people in need of cleansing. In the first century, John the Baptizer was sent forth to prepare the Jews for the coming of Jesus Christ. In modern times, a messenger was sent in advance to prepare the way for Jeho­ vah's coming to his spiritual temple. As early as the 1880's, a group of Bible students began to engage in a Bible education work to restore many basic Bible truths to the hearts of sin­ cere individuals. 3:1 0 —Does the bringing in of "all the tenth parts," or tithing, represent giving our all to Jehovah? The Mosaic Law was

abolished on the basis of Jesus' death, so monetary tithing is not a requirement. Yet, tithing has a symbolic meaning. (Ephesians 2:15) It does not represent the giving of our all. While the tenth part was brought year af­ ter year, we bring our all to Jehovah only once—when we dedicate ourselves to him

4 :3 —In what way will Jehovah's worship­ pers "tread down the wicked"? God's peo­

ple on earth will not literally "tread down the wicked," that is, share in executing his judg­ ment upon them. Rather, this suggests that Jehovah's earthly servants will do so figura­ tively by wholeheartedly participating in the victory celebration that will follow the end of Satan's world.—Psalm 145:20; Revelation 20: 1-3. 4 :4 —Why should we "rem em b er. . . the law of Moses"? That Law is not binding

I n O ur N ext Issue

upon Christians, yet it served as "a shadow of the good things to come." (Hebrews 10:1) Hence, paying attention to the Mosaic Law can help us to see how the things written in it are fulfilled. (Luke 24:44, 45) Moreover, the Law contains "typical representations of the things in the heavens." Studying it is essen­ tial if we are to gain an understanding of Christian teachings and conduct.—Hebrews 9:23.

What Is God's Kingdom?

4:5, 6 —W hom does "Elijah the prophet" represent? It is foretold that "Elijah" would

Build Up Your Family With "Delightful Words" Is Evolution Compatible With the Bible?

28

and symbolize our dedication by undergoing water baptism. From that time on, every­ thing we have belongs to Jehovah. Still, he al­ lows us to choose a portion of what we have —a symbolic tithe—to use in his service. It is whatever our circumstances allow and our heart impels us to use. The offerings we bring to Jehovah include the time, energy, and re­ sources used in the Kingdom-preaching and disciple-making work. Also included are at­ tending Christian meetings, visiting sick and elderly fellow believers, and rendering finan­ cial support to true worship.

THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 15, 2007

do a restoration work, that of preparing the hearts of people. In the first century C.E., Je­ sus Christ identified John the Baptizer as "Elijah." (Matthew 11:12-14; Mark 9:11-13) His modern-day counterpart is sent "before the coming of the great and fear-inspiring day of Jehovah." Elijah today is none other

"root" meet the same end—young children receive the same judgment as their parents. What a responsibility parents have toward their minor children! Christian fathers and mothers must work hard to seek God's ap­ proval and to maintain a good standing with him.—1 Corinthians 7:14. "Fear the True God"

What we teach should be in harmony with the Bible

than "the faithful and discreet slave." (Mat­ thew 24:45) This class of anointed Christians has diligently been doing the work of spiritu­ al restoration. Lessons for Us:__________________________________

3:10. To fail to give Jehovah our best is to deprive ourselves of his blessing. 3:14,15. Because of the bad example of the priests, the Jews began to view service to God as of little value. Those in a position of re­ sponsibility in the Christian congregation should be exemplary.—1 Peter 5:1-3. 3:16. Jehovah keeps a record of those who fear him and are faithful to him. He remembers them and will preserve them when bringing an end to Sa­ tan's wicked world. Therefore, let us never weaken in our determination to maintain our integrity to God. -Jo b 27:5. 4:1. In the day of rendering an account to Jehovah, both "bough" and

Who will be saved in "the great and fearinspiring day of Jehovah"? (Malachi 4:5) "To you who are in fear of my name," says Jeho­ vah, "the sun of righteousness will certain­ ly shine forth, with healing in its wings; and you will actually go forth and paw the ground like fattened calves."—Malachi 4:2. "The sun of righteousness," Jesus Christ, shines forth upon those reverentially fearing God's name, and they enjoy Jehovah's favor. (John 8:12) For them, there is also a "heal­ ing in its wings"—spiritual healing now and complete physical, mental, and emotional healing in God's new world. (Revelation 22: 1, 2) Excited and delighted, they behave "like fattened calves." With such blessings in view, let us take to heart King Solomon's admoni­ tion: "Fear the true God and keep his com­ mandments. For this is the whole obligation of man."—Ecclesiastes 12:13. Jehovah's servants honor their marriage covenant

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Matthew

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HE first person to write a thrilling ac­ count of Jesus' life and ministry is Mat­ thew—a close associate of Jesus Christ and a onetime tax collector. Originally written in Hebrew and later translated into Greek, the Gospel of Matthew was completed about 41 C.E. and serves as a bridge connecting the Hebrew Scriptures to the Christian Greek Scriptures. Apparently intended primarily for a Jewish audience, this moving and meaningful Gos­ pel portrays Jesus as the promised Messiah, the Son of God. Paying close attention to its message will strengthen our faith in the true God, his Son, and His promises.—Heb. 4:12.

"THE KINGDOM OF THE HEAVENS HAS DRAWN NEAR" (Matt. 1 :1 -2 0 :3 4 ) Matthew highlights the Kingdom theme and Jesus' teachings, even though doing so means deviating from presenting matters in strict chronological order. For example, the Sermon on the Mount is related early in the book, although Jesus delivered it about half­ way through his ministry. During the course of his Galilean ministry, Jesus performs miracles, gives ministerial in­ structions to the 12 apostles, denounces the Pharisees, and relates Kingdom illustrations. Then he departs from Galilee and comes to "the frontiers of Judea across the Jordan." (Matt. 19:1) Along the way, Jesus tells his dis­ ciples: 'We are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of man will be condemned to death, and on the third day he will be raised up.' -M a tt. 20:18,19.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 3:16—In what way were 'the heavens opened up' at the time of Jesus' baptism? This seems to indicate that Jesus' memory of his prehuman existence in heaven returned to him.

5:21, 22—Is giving vent to anger more serious than harboring it? Jesus warned that a person who harbors smoldering wrath against his brother is committing a serious sin. However, giving expression to wrath by speaking a word of contempt is more serious, making one accountable to a court higher than the local court of justice.

5:48—Is it really possible for us to be "perfect, as [our] heavenly Father is per­ fect"? Yes, in a relative sense. Jesus was here discussing the subject of love, and he told lis­ teners to imitate God and be perfect, or com­ plete, in their love. (Matt. 5:43-47) How? By expanding it to include their enemies.

7:16—What "fruits" mark the true reli­ gion? These fruits include more than our conduct. They also involve our beliefs—the teachings to which we adhere.

10:34-38—Is the Scriptural message to be blamed for family rifts? Not at all. Rath­ er, rifts are caused by the position tak­ en by unbelieving family members. They may choose to reject or oppose Christianity, bringing about divisions in the family.—Luke 12:51-53.

11:2-6—If because of having heard God's voice of approval John already knew that Jesus was the Messiah, why did he ask if Je­ sus was "the Coming One"? Joh n might have asked this in order to get a personal THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2008

29

confirmation from Jesus. More than that, though, Joh n wanted to know if there was to be "a different one" who would come with Kingdom power and fulfill all the hopes of the Jews. Jesus' answer showed that there was to be no successor.

19:28—What is represented by "the twelve tribes of Israel" that will be judged? They do not represent the 12 tribes of spiritu­ al Israel. (Gal. 6:16; Rev. 7:4-8) The apostles to whom Jesus was speaking were going to be part of spiritual Israel, not judges of its mem­ bers. Jesus made 'a covenant with them for a kingdom,' and they were to be 'a kingdom and priests to God.' (Luke 22:28-30; Rev. 5: 10) Those of spiritual Israel are to "judge the world." (1 Cor. 6:2) Hence, "the twelve tribes of Israel," whom those on the heaven­ ly thrones judge, evidently represent the world of mankind who are outside that royal, priestly class, as pictured by the 12 tribes on Atonement Day.—Lev., chap. 16.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 4:1-10. This account teaches us that Satan is real and not a quality of evil. He uses "the desire of the flesh and the desire of the eyes and the showy display of one's means of life" to tempt us. Nevertheless, applying Scriptur­ al principles will help us to remain faithful to G od —1 John 2:16. 5 :1 -7 :2 9 . Be conscious of your spiritual need. Be peaceable. Shun immoral thoughts. Keep your word. W hen praying, give spiritual concerns priority over material interests. Be rich toward God. Seek first the Kingdom and God's righteousness. Do not be judgmental. Do God's will. What practical lessons are in­ cluded in the Sermon on the Mount! 9:37, 38. We should act in harmony with our request to the Master to "send out work­ ers into his harvest," zealously engaging in the disciple-making work.—Matt. 28:19,20. 30

THE WATCHTOWER • JANUARY 15, 2008

10:32, 33. We should never be afraid to speak about our faith. 13:51, 52. Getting the sense of Kingdom truths brings with it the responsibility of teaching others and sharing these treasures with them. 1 4 :1 2 ,1 3 ,2 3 . Periods of solitude are essen­ tial for purposeful meditation.—Mark 6:46; Luke 6:12. 17:20. We need faith to overcome m oun­ tainlike obstacles that interfere with our spir­ itual progress and to cope with difficulties. We should not be negligent about building and strengthening our faith in Jehovah and his promises.—Mark 11:23; Luke 17:6. 18:1-4; 20:20-28. Human imperfection and a religious background that emphasized position made Jesus' disciples overly con­ cerned about greatness. We should cultivate humility as we guard against sinful tenden­ cies and maintain a proper view of privileges and responsibilities.

"THE SON OF MAN IS TO BE DELIVERED UP" (Matt. 2 1 :1 -2 8 :2 0 ) "Mounted upon an ass," Jesus comes to Je­ rusalem on Nisan 9, 33 C.E. (Matt. 21:5) The next day, he comes to the temple and cleans­ es it. On Nisan 11, he teaches in the temple, denounces the scribes and the Pharisees, and thereafter gives his disciples "the sign of [his] presence and of the conclusion of the system of things." (Matt. 24:3) The following day, he tells them: "You know that two days from now the passover occurs, and the Son of man is to be delivered up to be impaled."—Matt. 26:1,2. It is Nisan 14. After having instituted the Memorial of his imminent death, Jesus is be­ trayed, arrested, tried, and impaled. On the third day, he is raised from the dead. Be­ fore his ascension to heaven, the resurrected

Jesus commands his followers: “Go therefore and make disciples of people of all the na­ tions."—Matt. 28:19.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2 2 :3 ,4 ,9 —When do the three calls to the marriage feast go out? The first call to gather the bride class went out when Jesus and his followers began preaching in 29 C.E., and it continued till 33 C.E. The second call extend­ ed from the time of the outpouring of the holy spirit at Pentecost 33 C.E. to 36 C.E. Both calls were directed only to the Jews, Jew­ ish proselytes, and Samaritans. However, the third call was issued to the people from the roads outside the city, that is, to the uncir­ cumcised Gentiles, beginning in 36 C.E. with the conversion of the Roman army officer Cornelius and continuing into our day.

23:15—Why was a proselyte, or a con­ vert, of the Pharisees "a subject for Gehen­ na twice as much" as the Pharisees them­ selves? Some who became proselytes of the e

s | | 2

Pharisees may formerly have been gross sinners. By converting to the extremism of the Pharisees, however, they took a turn for the worse, possibly becoming more extreme than their condemned teachers. Thus, they

Are

youzealously engaging in the harvest work?

were 'subjects for Gehenna,' doubly so in comparison with the Jewish Pharisees.

27:3-5—Over what did Judas feel re­ morse? There is no indication that Judas' remorse was true repentance. Rather than seeking God's forgiveness, he confessed his wrongdoing to the chief priests and older men. Having committed "a sin that does in­ cur death," Judas was rightly overwhelmed with feelings of guilt and despair. (1 John 5: 16) His remorse was prompted by his being in a desperate state.

Lessons for Us: 21:28-31. Our doing the divine will is what really counts with Jehovah. For example, we should have a zealous share in the Kingdom­ preaching and disciple-making work.—Matt. 24:14; 28:19, 20. 22:37-39. How succinctly the two greatest commandments summarize what God re­ quires of those who worship him!

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Mark

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HE Gospel of Mark is the shortest of the four Gospels. Written by John Mark some 30 years after the death and resurrec­ tion of Jesus Christ, it is a fast-moving, action-packed account of Jesus' three-and-ahalf-year ministry. Evidently intended for non-Jews, particu­ larly the Romans, the book of Mark presents Jesus as the miracle-working Son of God who carries on a vigorous preaching campaign. The emphasis is on what Jesus did rather than what he taught. Paying attention to the Gospel of Mark will strengthen our faith in the Messiah and motivate us to be zealous proclaimers of God's message in the Chris­ tian ministry.—Heb. 4:12.

TH E GREAT GALILEAN M INISTRY (M ark 1 :1 -9 :5 0 ) After covering the activity of John the Baptizer and Jesus' 40 days in the wilderness in just 14 verses, Mark begins an exciting report of Jesus' Galilean ministry. The repeated use of the expression "immediately" lends a sense of urgency to the account.—Mark 1:

10, 12 . In less than three years, Jesus completes three preaching campaigns in Galilee. Mark presents the account mostly in chronologi­ cal order. The Sermon on the Mount is omit­ ted, as are many of Jesus' longer discourses.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:15—"The appointed time" for what had been fulfilled? Jesus was stating that the appointed time had been fulfilled for him to commence his ministry. Because he was on hand as King-Designate, God's Kingdom had drawn near. Righthearted people could then 28

THE WATCHTOWER • FEBRUARY 15, 2008

respond to his preaching work and take steps that would bring them God's approval.

1:44; 3:12; 7:36—Why did Jesus not want his miracles advertised? Rather than have people reach conclusions based on sensa­ tional or possibly distorted reports, Jesus wanted them to see for themselves that he was the Christ and to make a personal deci­ sion based on that evidence. (Isa. 42:1-4; Matt. 8:4; 9:30; 12:15-21; 16:20; Luke 5:14) An exception was the case of the formerly demon-possessed man in the country of the Gerasenes. Jesus told him to go home and re­ port the matter to his relatives. Jesus had been entreated to go away from that area, so he would have had very little or no contact with the people there. The presence and the testimony of a man to whom Jesus had done a good deed could serve to counteract any negative talk about the loss of the swine. -M ark 5:1-20; Luke 8:26-39.

2:28—Why is Jesus called "Lord even of the sabbath"? "The Law has a shadow of the good things to come," wrote the apostle Paul. (Heb. 10:1) As the Law stipulated, the Sab­ bath came after six days of work, and Jesus performed many of his cures on that day. This foreshadowed the peaceful rest and oth­ er blessings that mankind will experience under the Thousand Year Reign of Christ af­ ter the end of Satan's oppressive rulership. Therefore, the King of that Kingdom is also "Lord of the sabbath."—Matt. 12:8; Luke 6:5.

3:5; 7:34; 8:12—How could Mark have known details about Jesus' emotional state? Mark was neither one of the 12 apos­ tles nor a close companion of Jesus. Ancient

tradition has it that Mark's close associate, the apostle Peter, was the source of much of Mark's information.—1 Pet. 5:13.

6:51, 52—What was "the meaning of the loaves" that the disciples failed to grasp? Just a few hours earlier, Jesus had fed 5,000 men besides women and children with only five loaves and two fishes. "The meaning of the loaves" that the disciples should have un­ derstood from that event was that Jesus had been empowered by Jehovah God to perform miracles. (Mark 6:41-44) If they had grasped the greatness of power that Jesus had been given, they would not have been so amazed when he miraculously walked on water.

8:22-26—Why did Jesus restore the blind man's sight in two steps? Jesus might have done this out of consideration for the man. The gradual restoration of sight to a man who had been accustomed to darkness for a long time may have allowed him to adjust to the brilliance of the sunlight.

Lessons for Us: 2:18; 7:11; 12:18; 13:3. Mark explains cus­ toms, terms, beliefs, and locations that might have been unfamiliar to non-Jewish readers. He makes it clear that the Pharisees "practiced fasting," that corban is "a gift dedicated to God," that the Sadducees "say there is no resurrection," and that the temple was "in view" from "the Mount of Olives." Since the genealogy of the Messiah would be of interest mainly to the Jews, he leaves it out al­ together. Mark thus provides an example for us. We should take into consideration the background of our listeners when we engage in the Christian ministry or give talks at | j congregation meetings.

3:21. Jesus' relatives were unbelievers. Hence, he is empathetic toward those who because of their faith are opposed or mocked by their unbelieving family members. 3:31-35. At his baptism, Jesus became God's spiritual Son, and "the Jerusalem above" was his mother. (Gal. 4:26) From then on, Jesus' disciples were nearer and dearer to him than his fleshly relatives were. This teaches us to put spiritual interests first in our lives.—Matt. 12:46-50; Luke 8:19-21. 8:32-34. We should be quick to recognize and reject any mistaken kindness displayed by others. A follower of Christ must be pre­ pared to "disown himself," that is, to deny himself and say no to selfish desires and am­ bitions. He should be willing to "pick up his torture stake"—to suffer, if need be, or be shamed or persecuted or even put to death for being a Christian. And he must

Why did Jesus tell this man to report to his relatives all that had happened to him?

"continually follow" Jesus, conforming to His pattern of life. The course of discipleship requires that we develop and maintain a selfsacrificing spirit like that of Christ Jesus. -M a tt. 16:21-25; Luke 9:22, 23. 9 :24. We should not be ashamed to con­ fess our faith or to plead for more faith. —Luke 17:5.

TH E FINAL M ONTH (M ark 10 :1-16:8 ) Toward the end of 32 C.E., Jesus comes to "the frontiers of Judea and across the Jor­ dan," and again crowds come to him. (Mark 10:1) After preaching there, he is on his way to Jerusalem. On Nisan 8, Jesus is at Bethany. He is re­ clining at a meal when a woman comes in and pours perfumed oil upon his head. The events from Jesus' triumphal entry into Jeru­ salem to his resurrection are described in chronological order.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 10:17,18—Why did Jesus correct a certain man for calling Him "Good Teacher"? By thus refusing to accept this flattering title, Je­ sus directed glory to Jehovah and indicated that the true God is the source of all good

things. Moreover, Jesus drew attention to the fundamental truth that the Creator of all things, Jehovah God, alone has the right to set the standards of good and bad.—Matt. 19: 16,17; Luke 18:18,19.

14:25—What did Jesus mean when he said to his faithful apostles: "I shall by no means drink anymore of the product of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God"? Jesus was not sug­ gesting that there is literal wine in heaven. Since rejoicing is sometimes symbolized by wine, however, Jesus was referring to the joy of being together with his resurrected anointed followers in the Kingdom.—Ps. 104: 15; Matt. 26:29.

14:51, 52—Who was the young man who "got away naked"? Mark alone refers to this incident, so we can reasonably conclude that he was speaking of himself.

15:34—Did Jesus' words "my God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" indicate a lack of faith on his part? No. While we cannot be sure of Jesus' motives for saying this, his words may indicate that Jesus recog­ nized that Jehovah had taken His protection away so that His Son's integrity could be ful­ ly tested. It is also possible that Jesus said this because he wanted to fulfill what Psalm 22:1 foretold regarding him.—Matt. 27:46.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 10:6-9. God's purpose is that marriage mates stick together. Therefore, rather than hastily seeking a divorce, husbands and wives should strive to apply Bible princi­ ples to overcome any difficul­ ties that may arise in mar­ riage.—Matt. 19:4-6. 12:41-44. The example of the poor widow teaches us that we should be unselfish in supporting true worship.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Luke

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ATTHEW'S Gospel is understood to have been written primarily for the Jewish reader, and Mark's Gospel, for the non-Jewish. However, the Gospel of Luke was intended for people of all nations. Writ­ ten about 56-58 C.E., the book of Luke is a comprehensive account of Jesus' life and ministry. W ith the eye of a caring and careful physi­ cian, Luke traces "all things from the start with accuracy" and covers a period of 35 years—from 3 B.C.E. to 33 C.E. (Luke 1:3) Nearly 60 percent of the material in Luke's Gospel is unique.

EARLY M INISTRY (Luke 1 :1 -9 :6 2 ) After relating details about the birth of Joh n the Baptizer and of Jesus, Luke tells us that Joh n began his ministry in the 15th year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, that is, in the spring of 29 C.E. (Luke 3:1, 2) Jesus is bap­ tized by John in the fall of that year. (Luke 3: 21, 22) By 30 C.E., 'Jesus returns into Galilee and begins to teach in their synagogues.' -L u k e 4:14,15. Jesus sets out on his first preaching tour of Galilee. He tells the crowd: "Also to other cit­ ies I must declare the good news of the king­ dom of God." (Luke 4:43) He takes along with him Simon the fisherman and others. He says: "From now on you will be catching men alive." (Luke 5:1-11; Matt. 4:18,19) The 12 apostles are with Jesus during his second preaching tour of Galilee. (Luke 8:1) On the third tour, he sends forth the 12 "to preach the kingdom of God and to heal."—Luke 9: 1, 2 . 30

THE WATCHTOWER • MARCH 15, 2008

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:35—Did Mary's egg cell, or ovum, have any part in her pregnancy? For Mary's child to be a true descendant of her ancestors Abra­ ham, Judah, and David, as God had prom­ ised, her ovum had to contribute toward her pregnancy. (Gen. 22:15,18; 49:10; 2 Sam. 7:8, 16) However, Jehovah's holy spirit was used in transferring the perfect life of God's Son and causing the conception. (Matt. 1:18) It would appear that this canceled out any im­ perfection existing in Mary's ovum and from the very start protected the developing em­ bryo from anything hurtful.

1:62—Did Zechariah become mute and deaf? No. Only his speech was affected. Oth­ ers asked "by signs" what he wanted to name the child but not because Zechariah was deaf. He very likely heard what his wife had said about naming their son. Perhaps others inquired of Zechariah about this by making a sign or a gesture. The fact that only his speech needed to be restored indicates that Zechariah's hearing had not been affected. -Lu ke 1:13,18-20, 60-64.

2:1, 2—How does the reference to "this first registration" help determine the time of Jesus' birth? Under Caesar Augustus, more than one registration took place—the first in 2 B.C.E. in fulfillment of Daniel 11:20 and the second in 6 or 7 C.E. (Acts 5:37) Quirinius served as governor of Syria during both of these registrations, evidently occupy­ ing that position twice. Luke's reference to the first registration places the date of Jesus' birth in 2 B.C.E.

2:35—How was "a long sword" to be run through Mary's soul? This refers to the dis-

.'-'4

tress Mary would experience upon seeing the majority of the people reject Jesus as the Mes­ siah and the grief she would feel over his painful d eath —John 19:25.

9:27, 28—Why does Luke say that the transfiguration took place "eight days" af­ ter Jesus promised his disciples that some of them would "not taste death at all" until they had seen him coming in his Kingdom, whereas both Matthew and Mark state that it was "six days later"? (Matt. 17:1; Mark 9:2) Luke apparently includes two additional days —the day of the promise and the day of the fulfillment.

9:49, 50—Why did Jesus not prevent a man from expelling demons, even though the man was not following him? Jesus did not prevent the man because the Chris­ tian congregation had not yet been formed. Hence, it was not required that the man physically accompany Jesus in order to exer­ cise faith in Jesus' name and expel demons. -M ark 9:38-40.

Lessons for Us:__________________________

1:32, 33; 2:19, 51. Mary preserved in her heart the events and sayings that fulfilled prophecies. Do we treasure up what Jesus foretold about "the conclusion of the sys­

tem of things," comparing what he said with what is happening today?—Matt. 24:3. 2:37. Anna's example teaches us that we should worship Jehovah with constancy, "persevere in prayer," and not forsake "the gathering of ourselves together" at Christian meetings.—Rom. 12:12; Heb. 10:24, 25. 2:41-50. Joseph put spiritual interests first in his life and cared for the physical and spir­ itual welfare of his family. In these respects, he set a fine example for family heads. 4:4. We should not let a day go by without considering spiritual matters. 6:40. A teacher of God's Word must set a proper example for his students. He must practice what he preaches. 8:15. To "retain [the word] and bear fruit with endurance," we must understand, ap­ preciate, and absorb the Word o f God. Prayerful meditation is a must when reading the Bible and Bible-based publications.

JESUS' LATER M INISTRY (Luke 1 0 :1 -2 4 :5 3 ) Jesus sends forth 70 others in advance of him into cities and places in Judea. (Luke 10:1) He journeys "from city to city and from village to village, teaching."—Luke 13:22. Five days before the Passover of 33 C.E., Je­ sus enters Jerusalem riding upon a colt. The time has come for the fulfillment of his words to his disciples: "The Son of man must undergo many sufferings and be rejected by the older men and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised up."—Luke 9:22, 44.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 10:18—What was Jesus referring to when he told the 70 disciples: "I began to behold Satan already fallen like lightning from heaven"? Jesus was not stating that Satan had already been ousted from heaven. That did not take place until shortly after Christ

was installed as heavenly King in 1914. (Rev. 12:1-10) Although we cannot be dogmatic, by referring to a future event in the past tense, Jesus was evidently emphasizing that it would certainly happen.

14:26—In what sense are Christ's follow­ ers to "hate" their relatives? In the Bible, "hate" can refer to loving a person or an ob­ ject to a lesser degree than another. (Gen. 29: 30, 31) Christians are to "hate" their relatives in the sense of loving them less than they do Jesus.—Matt. 10:37.

17:34-37—Who are "the eagles," and what is "the body" where they gather to­ gether? Those "taken along," or delivered, are likened to farsighted eagles. "The body" they gather to is the true Christ at his invisi­ ble presence and the spiritual food that Jeho­ vah provides for them .—Matt. 24:28.

22:44—Why did Jesus experience so much agony? This occurred for a number of

Lukewrote the most comprehensive account of)esus' life and ministry

reasons. Jesus was concerned about how his death as a criminal would affect Jehovah God and His name. Moreover, Jesus knew very well that his eternal life and the future of the entire human race depended on his re­ maining faithful.

23:44—Did a solar eclipse cause the three-hour-long darkness? No. Solar eclips­ es take place only at the time of the new moon, not when the moon is full, as is the case at Passover time. The darkness caused on the day of Jesus' death was a miracle from God.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 11:1-4. Comparing these instructions with the slightly different wording of the model prayer, given in the Sermon on the Mount some 18 months earlier, clearly shows us that our prayers should not be a mere repetition of certain words.—Matt. 6:9-13. 11:5, 13. Although Jehovah is willing to answer our prayers, we should be persistent when praying.—1 John 5:14. 11:27, 28. Genuine happiness comes from faithfully doing God's will and not from family relationships or material accomplish­ ments. 11:41. Our gifts of mercy should stem from a loving and willing heart. 12:47, 48. One who has greater responsi­ bility but fails to care for it is more blamewor­ thy than one who does not know or fully un­ derstand his duties. 14:28, 29. We are wise to live within our means. 22:36-38. Jesus did not ask his disciples to carry a weapon for protection or self-defense. Rather, their having swords on hand on the night of his betrayal made it possible for Je­ sus to teach them a vital lesson: "All those who take the sword will perish by the sword." —Matt. 26:52. w w w .w atchtow er.org

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Jo h n OHN—"the disciple whom Jesus used to love"—is the last person to write an in­ spired account of Christ's life and ministry. (John 21:20) Written about 98 C.E., the Gos­ pel of John repeats very little of what is stated in the other three Gospels. The apostle John wrote his Gospel with a definite objective in mind. Concerning the things that he recorded, he says: "These have been written down that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ the Son of God, and that, because of believing, you may have life by means of his name." (John 20:31) Its mes­ sage is indeed of great value to us.—Heb. 4:12.

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"SEE, THE LAMB OF GO D" (John 1:1-1 1:54 ) Upon beholding Jesus, John the Baptizer confidently announces: "See, the Lamb of God that takes away the sin of the world!" (John 1:29) As Jesus travels through Samaria, Galilee, Judea, and the land east of the Jor­ dan—preaching, teaching, and performing powerful works—'many people come to him and put faith in him .'—John 10:41, 42. One of the most outstanding miracles that Jesus performs is the resurrection of Lazarus. Many put faith in Jesus when they see a man who has been dead for four days come to life. The chief priests and the Pharisees, however, take counsel to kill Jesus. Hence, Jesus de­ parts and goes to "the country near the wil­ derness, into a city called Ephraim."—John 11:53, 54.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:35, 40—Who besides Andrew was the disciple standing with John the Baptizer? 30

THE WATCHTOW ER • A PRIL 15, 2008

The narrator always refers to Joh n the Baptiz­ er as "John" and never identifies himself by name in his Gospel. Therefore, the unnamed disciple is evidently the Gospel writer John.

2:20—Which temple "was built in fortysix years"? The Jews were referring to the re­ building of Zerubbabel's temple by King Her­ od of Judea. According to the historian Josephus, that work began in the 18th year of Herod's reign, or in 18/17 B.C.E. The temple sanctuary and other main structures were constructed in eight years. However, the work on the temple complex continued down to and beyond the Passover of 30 C.E., when the Jews said that it took 46 years to build it.

5:14—Is sickness the result of commit­ ting sin? Not necessarily. The man whom Je ­ sus cured had been sick for 38 years because of inherited imperfection. (John 5:1-9) What Jesus meant was that now that the man had been shown mercy, he must follow the way of salvation and willfully sin no more lest something worse than sickness should befall him. The man could become guilty of com ­ mitting an unforgivable sin, deserving of death with no resurrection.—Matt. 12:31, 32; Luke 12:10; Heb. 10:26, 27.

5:24, 25—Who are those 'passing over from death to life'? Jesus is speaking about those who were once spiritually dead but who upon hearing his words put faith in him and discontinue walking in their sinful course. They 'pass over from death to life' in that the condemnation of death is lifted from them, and they are given the hope of everlasting life because of their faith in God. - 1 Pet. 4:3-6.

5:26; 6:53—What does it mean to have 'life in oneself? For Jesus Christ, this means receiving from God two specific capabilities —the ability to give humans a fine standing with Jehovah and the power to impart life by resurrecting the dead. For Jesus' followers, 'having life in themselves' means entering into the very fullness of life. Anointed Chris­ tians enter into it when they are resurrected to heavenly life. Faithful ones with an earth­ ly hope will experience the fullness of life only after they pass the final test that will oc­ cur right after the end of the Millennial Reign of Christ.—1 Cor. 15:52, 53; Rev. 20:5, 7-10.

6:64—Did Jesus know from the time of selecting Judas Iscariot that Judas would betray him? Apparently he did not. On one occasion in the year 32 C.E., however, Jesus told his apostles: "One of you is a slanderer." Possibly, at that point Jesus noticed in Judas Iscariot a "beginning," or start, of a wrong course.—John 6:66-71.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 2:4. Jesus was indicating to Mary that as the baptized anointed Son of God, he must take direction from his heavenly Fa­ ther. Although Jesus was just beginning his ministry, he was fully aware of the hour, or the time, for his as­ signed work, including his sacrificial death. Not even a close family mem­ ber such as Mary could be allowed to interfere with his doing the divine will. We should serve Jehovah God with similar determination. 3:1-9. The example of Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews, teaches us two les­ sons. First, Nicodemus showed hu­ mility, insight, and awareness of his own spiritual need, recognizing a lowly carpenter's son as a teacher sent by God. Humility is needed by

true Christians today. Second, Nicodemus held back from becoming a disciple while Je­ sus was on earth. Perhaps this was due to fear of man, attachment to his position in the Sanhedrin, or love for his riches. From this we can learn a valuable lesson: We must not allow such leanings to hold us back from 'picking up our torture stake and continually following Jesus.'—Luke 9:23. 4:23, 24. For our worship to be acceptable to God, it must conform to the truth revealed in the pages of the Bible and it must be guid­ ed by the holy spirit. 6:27. To work for "the food that remains for life everlasting" is to put forth effort to satisfy our spiritual need. Happy we are when we do this.—Matt. 5:3. 6:44. Jehovah personally cares for us. He draws us to his Son by reaching us individu­ ally through the preaching work and by helping us to grasp and apply spiritual truths by means of His holy spirit. 11:33-36. Showing our emotions is not a sign of weakness.

What can we learn from the example of Nicodemus?

'CO N TIN U E FOLLOW IN G HIM ' (John 11:55 -21 :25 ) As the Passover of 33 C.E. nears, Jesus re­ turns to Bethany. On Nisan 9, he comes to Je­ rusalem, riding upon the colt of an ass. On Nisan 10, Jesus comes to the temple again. In answer to his prayer for his Father's name to be glorified, a voice out of heaven says: "I both glorified it and will glorify it again." - J o h n 12:28. As the Passover meal is in progress, Jesus gives his followers parting counsel and prays in their behalf. Following his arrest, trial, and impalement, Jesus is resurrected.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

14:2—How would Jesus "prepare a place" in heaven for his faithful followers? This would involve Jesus' validating the new cove­ nant by appearing before God and present­ ing to Him the value of his blood. The prepa­ ration would also include Christ's receiving kingly power, after which the heavenly resur­ rection of his anointed followers would beg i n .- l Thess. 4:14-17; Heb. 9:12, 24-28; 1 Pet. 1:19; Rev. 11:15.

14:16,17; 16:7, 8 ,1 3 ,1 4 —When referring to the helper, or the spirit of the truth, why is the pronoun "it" used at John 14:16, 17, whereas "him" and "he" are used at John 16:7, 8, 13, 14? The reason for this is strict­ ly grammatical. In the Greek language, in which John's Gospel was written, the word for "helper" is in the masculine gender, but the term for "spirit" is neuter. In recording Je­ sus' statement, John therefore used the mas­ culine pronoun, such as "he" or "him ," when referring to what the helper would do. The neuter pronoun "it" was employed when ref­ erence was made to what the spirit of the truth would accomplish.

19:11—Was Jesus referring to Judas Iscari­ ot when he spoke to Pilate about the man that handed Him over? Rather than Judas or any specific individual, it seems likely that Je­ sus had in mind all those who shared the w w w .w atchtow er.org

guilt for the sin of killing him. This included Judas, "the chief priests and the entire Sanhe­ drin," and even "the crowds" that were per­ suaded to ask for the release of Barabbas. -M att. 26:59-65; 27:1, 2, 20-22.

20:17—Why did Jesus tell Mary Magda­ lene to stop clinging to him? Mary evidently clung to Jesus because she thought that he was about to ascend to heaven and she would never see him again. To assure her that he was not yet leaving, Jesus told her to stop clinging to him but instead to go and give his disciples the news of his resurrection.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 12:36. To become "sons of light," or light bearers, we need to gain accurate knowledge of God's Word, the Bible. Then we must use that knowledge to draw others out of spiritu­ al darkness into God's light. 14:6. There is no way we can have God's ap­ proval except through Jesus Christ. Only by exercising faith in Jesus and following his ex­ ample can we draw close to Jehovah.—1 Pet. 2 :21 . 14:15, 21, 23, 24; 15:10. Obedience to the divine will helps us to remain in God's love and in the love of his Son.—1 John 5:3. 14:26; 16:13. Jehovah's holy spirit serves as a teacher and remembrancer. It also operates to reveal truths. Hence, it can help us to grow in knowledge, wisdom, insight, judgment, and thinking ability. We should therefore persevere in prayer, specifically asking for that spirit.—Luke 11:5-13. 21:15,19. Peter was asked if he loved Jesus more than "these," that is, the fish that were before them. Jesus thus stressed the need for Peter to choose to follow him full-time in­ stead of pursuing a fishing career. After con­ sidering the Gospel accounts, may we be strengthened in our resolve to love Jesus more than any other things that might at­ tract us. Yes, let us wholeheartedly continue following him. w08 0 4 / 1 5 -E

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Acts

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HE Bible book of Acts provides a compre­ hensive history of the establishment of the Christian congregation and its subse­ quent expansion. Written by the physician Luke, it presents a dynamic account of Chris­ tian activity over a period of some 28 years —from 33 C.E. to 61 C.E. The first part of Acts is primarily about the activity of the apostle Peter, and the latter part is about that of the apostle Paul. By us­ ing such pronouns as "we” and "us," Luke in­ dicates that he was present when certain events occurred. Paying attention to the mes­ sage of the book of Acts will heighten our ap­ preciation for the power of God's written Word and his holy spirit. (Heb. 4:12) It will also move us to be self-sacrificing and will build up our faith in the Kingdom hope.

PETER USES "THE KEYS OF THE KINGDOM" (Acts 1:1-11:18) After receiving the holy spirit, the apostles give a bold witness. Peter uses the first of "the keys of the kingdom of the heavens" to open the door of knowledge and opportuni­ ty for Jews and proselytes who "embraced his word" to enter the Kingdom. (Matt. 16:19; Acts 2:5, 41) A wave of persecution scatters disciples, but this results in expansion of the preaching work. Upon hearing that Samaria has accepted the word of God, the apostles in Jerusalem dispatch Peter and Joh n to them. By opening up the Kingdom opportunity to the Samari­ tans, Peter uses the second key. (Acts 8:14-17) Perhaps within a year of Jesus' resurrection, an amazing transformation takes place in Saul of Tarsus. In 36 C.E., Peter uses the third key, and the free gift of the holy spirit is poured out upon uncircumcised people of the nations.—Acts 10:45.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

2:44-47; 4:34, 35—Why did believers sell their possessions and distribute the pro­ ceeds? Many who became believers had come from faraway places and were without enough provisions to extend their stay in Je ­ rusalem. Nevertheless, they desired to re­ main there longer in order to learn more about their new faith and to bear witness to others. To help such ones, some Christians sold their property, and the funds were dis­ tributed to the needy.

4:13—Were Peter and John illiterate or uneducated? No, they were not. They were

called "unlettered and ordinary" because they did not attend rabbinic schools for reli­ gious training.

5:34-39—How could Luke know what Gamaliel had said in a closed session of the Sanhedrin? There are at least three possibili­ ties: (1) Paul, formerly a student of Gamaliel, informed Luke; (2) Luke consulted a sympa­ thetic member of the Sanhedrin, such as Nicodemus; (3) Luke received this information through divine inspiration. 7:59—Was Stephen praying to Jesus? No, he was not. One's worship—and therefore one's prayers—should go only to Jehovah God. (Luke 4:8; 6:12) Under normal circum­ stances, Stephen would have appealed to Je ­ hovah in the name of Jesus. (John 15:16) In this instance, though, Stephen had a vision of "the Son of man standing at God's right hand." (Acts 7:56) Fully aware that Jesus had been given the power to resurrect the dead, Stephen spoke, but did not pray, directly to Jesus, asking Him to safeguard his spirit. -J o h n 5:27-29.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:8. The worldwide work of witnessing done by Jehovah's worshippers cannot be ac­ complished without the help of the holy spirit. 4 :3 6 -5 :1 1 . Joseph of Cyprus was surnamed Barnabas, which means "Son of Comfort." The apostles may have given him the name Barnabas because he was warm­ hearted, kind, and helpful to others. We should be like him and not like Ananias and Sapphira, who resorted to pretense, hypocri­ sy, and deviousness. 9:23-25. To elude our enemies in order to continue preaching is not cowardly. 9:28-30. If witnessing in certain neigh­ borhoods or to some individuals becomes physically, morally, or spiritually hazardous,

Theworldwide work of witnessing could not be done without the help of the holy spirit we need to be prudent and selective about where and when we preach. 9:31. During relatively peaceful times, we should strive to fortify our faith through study and meditation. This will help us to walk in the fear of Jehovah by applying what we learn and to be zealous in the ministry.

PAUL'S ZEALO U S M INISTRY (Acts 11 :19-28:31) In 44 C.E., Agabus comes to Antioch, where Barnabas and Saul have been teaching "for a whole year." Agabus foretells "a great famine," which takes place two years later. (Acts 11:26-28) "After having fully carried out the relief ministration in Jerusalem," Barna­ bas and Saul return to Antioch. (Acts 12:25) In 47 C.E.—about 12 years after Saul's conver­ sion—Barnabas and Saul are sent out by the holy spirit on a missionary tour. (Acts 13:1-4) In 48 C.E., they return to Antioch, "where they had been entrusted to the undeserved kindness of God."—Acts 14:26. Some nine months later, Paul (also known as Saul) selects Silas as his companion and sets out on his second tour. (Acts 15:40) Tim­ othy and Luke join Paul along the way. Luke stays in Philippi as Paul continues on to Ath­ ens and then to Corinth, where he meets Aquila and Priscilla and spends a year and six TH E W ATCHTOW ER • MAY 15, 2008

31

months. (Acts 18:11) Leaving Timothy and Silas in Corinth, Paul takes Aquila and Priscil­ la with him and sails away for Syria early in 52 C.E. (Acts 18:18) Aquila and Priscilla ac­ companied him as far as Ephesus, where they remained. After spending some time in Syrian Anti­ och, Paul embarks upon his third tour, in 52 C.E. (Acts 18:23) In Ephesus, "the word of Jehovah [keeps] growing and prevailing." (Acts 19:20) Paul spends about three years there. (Acts 20:31) By Pentecost of 56 C.E., Paul is in Jerusalem. After being arrested, he gives a fearless witness before the authorities. In Rome, the apostle is placed under house arrest for two years (c. 59-61 C.E.), and from there he finds ways to preach about the King­ dom and teach "the things concerning the Lordjesus Christ."—Acts 28:30,31.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

14:8-13—Why did people in Lystra call "Barnabas Zeus, but Paul Hermes"? Zeus was the ruler of the gods in Greek mytholo­ gy, and his son Hermes was known for his el­ oquence. Since Paul took the lead in speak­ ing, the people of Lystra called him Hermes and Barnabas they called Zeus.

16:6, 7—Why did the holy spirit forbid Paul and his associates to preach in the dis­ trict of Asia and Bithynia? There were just a few workers. Hence, the holy spirit directed them to more fruitful fields.

18:12-17—Why did Proconsul Gallio not interfere when onlookers began beating Sosthenes? Gallio perhaps thought that the m an who seemed to be the leader of the mob action against Paul was getting what he deserved. However, this incident apparent­ ly had a good outcome in that it led to Sosthenes' conversion to Christianity. Later, Paul speaks of Sosthenes as "our brother." - 1 Cor. 1:1. 18:18—What vow did Paul make? Some scholars suggest that Paul had taken a Naziw w w .w atchtow er.orq

rite vow. (Num. 6:1-21) However, the Bible does not state what Paul's vow was. More­ over, the Scriptures are silent as to whether the vow was made before or after Paul's con­ version or if he was starting or ending the vow. Whatever was the case, the taking of such a vow was not sinful.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 12:5-11. We can and should pray for our brothers. 12:21-23; 14:14-18. Herod readily accepted glory that should be given only to God. How that differed from the immediate and em­ phatic rejection of undue praise and honor by Paul and Barnabas! We should not desire glory for whatever accomplishments we may have in Jehovah's service. 14:5-7. Exercising prudence can help us re­ main active in service.—Matt. 10:23. 14:22. Christians expect tribulations. They do not try to escape them by compromising their faith.—2 Tim. 3:12. 16:1, 2. Christian youths should apply themselves spiritually and seek Jehovah's help to build up a good reputation. 16:3. We should do all we can within Scrip­ tural bounds to make the good news accept­ able to others.—1 Cor. 9:19-23. 20 :2 0 ,2 1 . House-to-house witnessing is an essential aspect of our ministry. 20:24; 21:13. Maintaining integrity to God is more important than preserving our life. 21:21-26. We should be willing and eager to accept good advice. 25:8-12. Christians today can and should make use of available legal provisions "in the defending and legally establishing of the good news."—Phil. 1:7. 26:24, 25. We should declare "sayings of truth and of soundness of mind" even though they are foolishness to "a physical m an."—1 Cor. 2:14. w08 0 5 / 1 5 -E

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Letter to th e Rom ans A BOUT 56 C.E., while on his third missionI~ \ ary journey, the apostle Paul arrives in the city of Corinth. He has come to know of differences in viewpoint between Jewish and Gentile Christians in Rome. Desiring to bring them into complete unity in the Christ, Paul takes the initiative to write them a letter. In that letter to the Romans, Paul explains how humans are declared righteous and how such individuals should live. The letter en­ riches our mind with the knowledge of God and his Word, stresses God's undeserved kindness, and exalts Christ's role in our sal­ vation.—Heb. 4:12. DECLARED RIGHTEOUS-HOW? (Rom. 1:1-11:36) "All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God," writes Paul. "It is as a free gift that they are being declared righteous by [God's] undeserved kindness through the release by the ransom paid by Christ Jesus." Paul also says: "A man is declared righteous by faith apart from works of law." (Rom. 3 :2 3 ,2 4 ,2 8 ) Through faith in "one act of justification," both anointed Christians and members of the "great crowd" of "other sheep" can be "declared righteous"—the former for life in heaven as joint heirs with Christ and the lat­ ter as God's friends, with a view to surviving "the great tribulation."—Rom. 5:18; Rev. 7:9, 14; John 10:16; Jas. 2:21-24; Matt. 25:46. "Shall we com m it a sin because we are not under law but under undeserved kindness?" asks Paul. "Never may that happen!" he an­ swers. "You are slaves . . . , either of sin with death in view or of obedience with righteous­

ness in view," Paul explains. (Rom. 6:15, 16) "If you put the practices of the body to death by the spirit, you will live," he says.—Rom. 8:13.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:24-32—Did the degradation described here apply to the Jews or to the Gentiles? Although the description could fit either group, Paul was specifically referring to the apostate Israelites of old. Even though they knew God's righteous decree, "they did not approve of holding God in accurate knowl­ edge." They were thus reprehensible.

3:24, 25—How could "the ransom paid by Christ Jesus" cover "the sins that oc­ curred in the past" before it was paid? The first Messianic prophecy, recorded at Genesis 3:15, found fulfillment in 33 C.E. when Jesus was put to death on a torture stake. (Gal. 3: 13, 16) The m om ent Jehovah uttered that prophecy, however, the ransom price was as good as paid from his viewpoint, for nothing can prevent God from fulfilling what he pur­ poses. So on the basis of the future sacri­ fice of Jesus Christ, Jehovah could forgive the sins of descendants of Adam who exer­ cised faith in that promise. The ransom also makes possible a resurrection of those of preChristian times.—Acts 24:15.

6:3-5—What is meant by baptism into Christ Jesus and baptism into his death? When Jehovah anoints followers of Christ with the holy spirit, they are united with Je­ sus and become members of the congrega­ tion that is the body of Christ, he being the Head. (1 Cor. 12:12, 13, 27; Col. 1:18) This is their baptism into Christ Jesus. Anointed THE WATCHTOWER • JUNE 15, 2008

29

Christians are also "baptized into [Christ's] death" in that they live a life of sacrifice and renounce any hope of everlasting life on earth. Their death, therefore, is a sacrificial one, as was Jesus' death, though their death does not have ransoming value. This bap­ tism into Christ's death is completed when they die and are resurrected to life in heaven. 7:8-11—How did 'sin receive inducement through the commandment'? The Law helped people to realize the full range, or scope, of sin, making them more conscious of being sinners. Consequently, they saw themselves as sinners in more ways, and more people were exposed as sinners. It can thus be said that sin received inducement through the Law.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1 :1 4 ,1 5 . We have a number of reasons to declare the good news with eagerness. One of them is that we are debtors to people pur­ chased with the blood of Jesus and are under obligation to help them spiritually. 1:18-20. People who are ungodly and un­ righteous are "inexcusable," for God's invisi­ ble qualities are made evident in creation. 2:28; 3:1, 2; 7:6, 7. Paul follows up state­ ments that may appear derogatory to the Jews with softening remarks. This sets an ex­ ample for us in handling delicate subjects with tact and skill. 3:4. W hen man's word conflicts with what God says in his Word, we "let God be found true" by trusting in the message of the Bible and acting in harmony with God's will. By having a zealous share in the Kingdom­ preaching and disciple-making work, we can help others find God to be true. 4:9-12. Abraham's faith was counted to him as righteousness long before he was cir­ cumcised at the age of 99. (Gen. 12:4; 15:6; 16:3; 17:1, 9, 10) In that powerful way, God 30

THE W ATCHTOW ER • |UNE 15, 2008

showed what makes a righteous standing with him possible. 4:18. Hope is an essential element of faith. Our faith is based on hope.—Heb. 11:1. 5:18, 19. By showing logically how Jesus bears a resemblance to Adam, Paul concisely explains how one man can "give his soul a ransom in exchange for many.” (Matt. 20:28) Logical reasoning and brevity are excellent teaching methods to imitate.—1 Cor. 4:17. 7:23. Such body members as our hands, legs, and tongue can 'lead us captive to sin's law,' so we should guard against misusing them. 8:26, 27. When we are faced with situa­ tions so perplexing that we do not know what to pray for, "the spirit itself pleads for us." Then Jehovah, the "Hearer of prayer," accepts appropriate prayers recorded in his Word as coming from us.—Ps. 65:2. 8:38, 39. Calamities, wicked spirit crea­ tures, and human governments cannot make Jehovah stop loving us; neither should they make us stop loving him. 9:22-28; 11:1, 5, 17-26. Many prophecies concerning Israel's restoration are fulfilled by the congregation of anointed Christians, whose members are "called not only from among Jews but also from among nations." 1 0 :1 0 ,1 3 ,1 4 . Along with love for God and our fellow man, strong faith in Jehovah and his promises can motivate us to have a zeal­ ous share in the Christian ministry. 11:16-24,33. How beautifully balanced are "God's kindness and severity"! Yes, "the Rock, perfect is his activity, for all his ways are justice."—Deut. 32:4.

LIVING IN HARMONY WITH BEING DECLARED RIGHTEOUS (Rom. 12:1-16:27) "Consequently I entreat you by the com­ passions of God, brothers," says Paul, "to present your bodies a sacrifice living, holy,

acceptable to God." (Rom. 12:1) "Conse­ quently," or in view of the fact that Chris­ tians are declared righteous because of their faith, what follows should affect their atti­ tude toward themselves, others, and govern­ mental authorities. "I tell everyone there among you not to think more of him self than it is necessary to think," writes Paul. "Let your love be without hypocrisy," he exhorts. (Rom. 12:3, 9) "Let every soul be in subjection to the superior authori." (Rom. 13:1) In matters pertain­ ing to conscience, he encourages Christians 'not to be judging one .'-R o m . 14:13.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 12:20—How do we "heap fiery coals" upon an enemy's

put in a furnace with a layer of coals placed on top as well as underneath. Increased heat on top helped to melt the metal and separate it from impurities. In like manner, we put fiery coals upon the head of an enemy by do­ ing kind deeds to him so that his hardness will melt and good qualities will come to the fore.

12:21—How do we "keep conquering the evil with the good"? One way we do this is by fearlessly sticking to our God-given work of preaching the good news of the Kingdom until it is done to Jehovah's satisfaction. —Mark 13:10.

13:1—In what way are the superior au­ thorities "placed in their relative positions by God"? Secular authorities "stand placed

in their relative positions by God" in that they rule by God's permission, and in some cases their rulership was foreseen by God. In Bible times, ore was This is made evident by what the Bible foretold about a number of Can the ransom apply rulers.

to sins that were committed before it was paid?

Lessons for Us: 12:17,19. To retaliate against evil is to take into our own hands what should be left up to Jehovah. How presumptuous it would be for us to "return evil for evil"! 14:14, 15. We should not grieve our brother or stumble him by the food or drink that we offer him. 14:17. Having a favorable stand­ ing with God does not principally depend on what one eats or drinks or what one refrains from eating or drinking. Rather, it is related to righteousness, peace, and joy. 15:7. We should impartially wel­ come all sincere seekers of truth into the congregation and pro­ claim the Kingdom message to all we meet. THE W ATCHTOW ER • JUNE 15, 2008

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HE apostle Paul is deeply concerned about the spiritual welfare of the con­ gregation in Corinth. He has heard that there are dissensions among the brothers there. Immorality is being tolerated. The congrega­ tion has also written Paul, inquiring about certain matters. So about 55 C.E., when he is in Ephesus during the course of his third missionary journey, Paul writes the first of his two letters to the Corinthians. The second letter, apparently written only a few months after the first, is a follow-up let­ ter. Since conditions both inside and outside the congregation in firstcentury Corinth correspond in f" many ways to our times, the message of Paul's letters to the Corinthians is of great value to us.—Heb. 4:12.

"You should all speak in agreem ent," exhorts Paul. (1 Cor. 1:10) There is 'no other foundation than Jesus Christ,' on which Christian qualities are built. (1 Cor. 3:11-13) Concerning a for­ nicator in the congregation, Paul says: "Remove the wick­ ed man from among your­ selves." (1 Cor. 5:13) "The body is not for fornication," he says, "but for the Lord." - 1 Cor. 6:13.

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In response to "the things about which [they] wrote," Paul provides sound counsel regarding marriage and singleness. (1 Cor. 7:1) After com m enting on Christian head­ ship, on orderliness at Christian m eet­ ings, and on the certainty of the resur­ rection, Paul gives the exhortation: "Stay awake, stand firm in the faith, carry on as men, grow mighty."—1 Cor. 16:13.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:21—Does Jehovah really use "foolish­ ness" to save those believing? No, he does not. However, since "the world through its wisdom did not get to know God," what he uses to save people appears foolish to the world.—John 17:25.

5:5—What does it mean to "hand [the wicked] man over to Satan for the de­ struction of the flesh, in or­ der that the spirit may be saved"? W hen an unrepen­ tant practicer of gross sin is disfellowshipped from the

What is the meaning o f the words “as often as you eat this loaf and drink this cup "?-1 Cor. 11:26

congregation, he again becomes part of Sa­ tan's wicked world. (1 John 5:19) Hence, he is spoken of as being handed over to Satan. The person's expulsion results in the destruction, or the removal, of the corrupting element from the congregation and in the preser­ vation of its spirit, or dominant attitude. - 2 Tim. 4:22.

7:33, 34—What is meant by "the things of the world" for which a married man or woman is anxious? Paul is referring to the mundane things in life with which married Christians need to be concerned. These in­ clude food, clothing, and housing, but ex­ clude the bad things of this world, which Christians shun.—1 Joh n 2:15-17.

11:26—How "often" is Jesus' death to be commemorated, and "until" when? Paul was not saying that Jesus' death would be commemorated often. The Greek word used for "as often as” means "whenever" or "every time that." Therefore, Paul was saying that every time anointed Christians partake of the Memorial emblems, once a year on Nisan 14, they are "proclaiming the death of the Lord." They do this "until he arrives," that is, until he receives them into the heavens by a resurrection.—1 Thess. 4:14-17.

13:13—In what way is love greater than faith and hope? W hen the "things hoped for” become a reality and "the assured expec­ tation" of them is realized, aspects of faith and hope come to an end. (Heb. 11:1) Love is greater than faith and hope in that it remains forever.

15:29—What does it mean to be "bap­ tized for the purpose of being dead ones"? Paul was not suggesting that living people be baptized on behalf of those who died in an unbaptized state. Paul is here speaking of the immersion of spirit-anointed Christians into a course of life wherein they keep their integ­ rity until their death and subsequent resur­ rection to spirit life.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:26-31; 3:3-9; 4:7. Humbly boasting in Je ­ hovah, not in ourselves, promotes unity in the congregation. 2:3-5. While witnessing in Corinth, a cen­ ter of Greek philosophy and learning, Paul may have been concerned about whether he would be able to persuade his listeners. How­ ever, he did not allow any weakness or fear he might have had to interfere with the car­ rying out of his God-given ministry. Like­ wise, we should not permit unusual circum­ stances to hold us back from declaring the good news of God's Kingdom. We can confi­ dently look to Jehovah for help as did Paul. 2:16. To have "the mind of Christ" is to know the pattern of his thinking, to think as he does, to have a grasp of the full range of his personality, and to imitate his example. (1 Pet. 2:21; 4:1) How important it is that we carefully study Jesus' life and ministry! 3:10-15; 4:17. We should analyze and im­ prove our ability to teach and make disci­ ples. (Matt. 28:19, 20) If we do not teach well, our student may not survive tests of faith, and we may suffer a loss so painful that our salvation will be "as through fire." 6:18. To "flee from fornication" is to avoid not only acts of por-nei'a but also pornogra­ phy, moral uncleanness, sexual fantasizing, flirting—anything that can lead to fornica­ tion.—Matt. 5:28; Jas. 3:17. 7:29. Marriage mates ought to be careful not to get so absorbed in each other that Kingdom interests take second place in their lives. 10:8-11. Jehovah was greatly offended when Israel murmured against Moses and Aaron. We are wise when we guard against developing a pattern of murmuring. 16:2. Our financial giving toward the ad­ vancement of Kingdom interests will be THE WATCHTOWER • |ULY 15, 2008

27

consistent if it is planned in advance and is done systematically.

'CO N TIN U E TO BE READJUSTED' (2 Cor. 1:1-13:14) Paul tells the Corinthians that they should "kindly forgive and comfort" a repentant wrongdoer who has been rebuked. Although his first letter had saddened them, Paul ex­ presses joy because they were "saddened into repenting."—2 Cor. 2:6, 7; 7:8, 9. 'Just as they are abounding in everything,' Paul encourages the Corinthians to 'abound in giving.' After answering opposers, he gives final advice to all: "Continue to rejoice, to be readjusted, to be comforted, to think in agreement, to live peaceably."—2 Cor. 8:7;

13:11.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:15, 16—How are we "a sweet odor of Christ"? This is the case because we adhere to the Bible and share in dispensing its message. While such "fragrance" might be disgusting to unrighteous individuals, it is sweet-smelling to Jehovah and honesthearted ones.

5:16—How is it that anointed Christians "know no man according to the flesh"? They do not look upon people in a fleshly way, that is, showing favoritism on the basis of wealth, race, or ethnic or national origin. What is important to them is their spiritual relationship with fellow believers.

11:1, 16; 12:11—Was Paul being unrea­ sonable with the Corinthians? No, he was not. However, he may have appeared to some to be boastful and unreasonable because of what he was compelled to say in defense of his apostleship.

12:1-4—Who "was caught away into par­ adise"? Since the Bible does not speak of any other person who had such a vision and the passage follows Paul's defense of his apostle­ 28

THE WATCHTOWER • |ULY 15, 2008

ship, he was probably relating his own expe­ rience. What the apostle envisioned was likely the spiritual paradise enjoyed by the Christian congregation in "the time of the end."—Dan. 12:4.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 3:5. In principle, this verse tells us that Je ­ hovah adequately qualifies Christians for the ministry by his Word, his holy spirit, and the earthly part of his organization. (John 16:7; 2 Tim. 3:16,17) We do well to study the Bible and Bible-based publications diligent­ ly, persistently pray for holy spirit, and reg­ ularly attend and participate in Christian meetings.—Ps. 1:1-3; Luke 11:10-13; Heb. 10: 24, 25. 4:16. Since Jehovah renews 'the man we are inside from day to day,' we should regu­ larly avail ourselves of Jehovah's provisions, not allowing a day to go by without giving consideration to spiritual matters. 4:17, 18. Remembering that "the tribula­ tion is momentary and light" can help us to remain faithful to Jehovah during hardship. 5:1-5. How beautifully Paul expresses the sentiments of anointed Christians toward their hope of heavenly life! 10:13. As a general rule, unless some spe­ cific arrangements have been made for us to help where the need is greater, we should work only the territory assigned to our con­ gregation. 13:5. To 'test whether we are in the faith,' we have to measure our conduct in the light of what we learn from the Bible. To 'prove what we ourselves are,' we have to evaluate the level of our spirituality, including the sharpness of our "perceptive powers" and the extent of our works of faith. (Heb. 5:14; Jas. 1:22-25) By applying Paul's sound ad­ vice, we can keep on walking in the way of the truth.

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Letters to th e G alatians, the Ephesians, th e Philippians, and the Colossians

U

PON hearing that some Christians were being deflected from pure worship by Judaizers, the apostle Paul writes a powerful letter “to the congregations of Galatia.” (Gal. 1:2) Written sometime during 50-52 C.E., the letter contains direct counsel and strong ex­ hortation. Some ten years later while in Rome as a “prisoner of Christ Jesus," Paul writes to the congregations in Ephesus, in Philippi, and in Colossae, giving them sound advice and lov­ ing encouragement. (Eph. 3:1) We today can benefit by paying attention to the message of the Bible books of Galatians, Ephesians, Phi­ lippians, and Colossians.—Heb. 4:12.

"D ECLA R ED R IG H T EO U S"-H O W ? (Gal. 1 :1 -6 :1 8 ) Since Judaizers craftily seek to discredit Paul, he defends his apostleship by provid­ ing certain autobiographical details. (Gal. 1:11-2:14) Counteracting their false teach­ ings, Paul makes the point: “A man is de­ clared righteous, not due to works of law, but only through faith toward Christ Jesus." -G a l. 2:16. Christ 'released by purchase those under law' and set them free to enjoy Christian free­ dom, says Paul. He strongly admonishes the Galatians: "Stand fast, and do not let your­ selves be confined again in a yoke of slavery." -G a l. 4:4, 5; 5:1.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

3:16-18, 28, 29—Is the Abrahamic cove­ nant still valid? Yes, it is. The Law covenant 26

THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 15, 2008

was an addition to and not a replacement of God's covenant with Abraham. Therefore, the Abrahamic covenant remained in effect after the Law was "abolished." (Eph. 2:15) Its promises are passed on to Abraham's true "seed”—Christ Jesus, who is the primary one, and those who "belong to Christ." 6:2—What is "the law of the Christ"? This law consists of all that Jesus taught and commanded. It especially includes the com ­ mandment to "love one another."—John 13:34.

6:8—How do we 'sow with a view to the spirit'? We do this by living in a way that allows God's spirit to operate freely on us. Sowing with a view to the spirit in­ volves wholeheartedly participating in activ­ ities that promote the flow of the spirit.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 1:6-9. Christian elders need to act without delay when problems arise in the congrega­ tion. Using sound reasoning along with the Scriptures, they can quickly refute false rea­ soning. 2:20. The ransom is a personal gift from God to us. We should learn to view it that way.—John 3:16. 5:7-9. Bad associations can 'hinder us from keeping on obeying the truth.' We are wise to shun them. 6:1, 2, 5. Those with "spiritual qualifica­ tions" may help us to carry a burden, such as something troublesome or heavy resulting

from our unknowingly taking a false step. When it comes to carrying the load of our spiritual responsibilities, though, we must do it ourselves.

'GATHERIN G OF ALL TH IN G S IN TH E C H R IST' (Eph. 1 :1 -6 :2 4 ) Highlighting the theme of Christian unity in his letter to the Ephesians, Paul speaks of "an administration at the full limit of the ap­ pointed times . . . to gather all things togeth­ er again in the Christ, the things in the heav­ ens and the things on the earth." Christ has given "gifts in m en" to help all to "attain to the oneness in the faith."—Eph. 1:10; 4:8,13. To honor God and promote unity, Chris­ tians should "put on the new personality" and "be in subjection to one another in fear of Christ." They also need "to stand firm against the machinations of the Devil" by putting on the complete suit of spiritual arm or.-Eph. 4:24; 5:21; 6:11.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

1:4-7—How were anointed Christians foreordained long before they were born? They were foreordained as a group, or a class, not as individuals. This took place before the sinful world of mankind came into existence. The prophecy recorded at Genesis 3:15, de­ clared before any sinful human was con­ ceived, includes God's purpose to have cer­ tain followers of Christ rule with him in heaven.—Gal. 3:16,29.

2:2—How is the spirit of the world like the air, and where does its authority lie? "The spirit of the world"—the spirit of in­ dependence and disobedience—is as perva­ sive as the air we breathe. (1 Cor. 2:12) Its au­ thority, or power, lies in its persuasiveness, persistence, and relentlessness.

2:6—How can anointed Christians be "in the heavenly places" while still on earth?

The expression "heavenly places" here does not refer to their promised heavenly in­ heritance. Rather, it denotes their exalted spiritual position resulting from their being "sealed with the promised holy spirit."—Eph. 1:13,14.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 4 :8,11-15. Jesus Christ "carried away cap­ tives," that is, took men away from Satan's control to use them as gifts for the building up of the Christian congregation. We can "by love grow up in all things in to . . . Christ" by being obedient and submissive to those taking the lead among us and by cooperating with congregation arrangements.—Heb. 13: 7,17. 5 :2 2 -2 4 ,3 3 . Besides being in subjection to her husband, a wife is to respect him. She does this by manifesting a "quiet and mild spirit" and by endeavoring to bring him hon­ or as she speaks well of him and works to make his decisions succeed.—1 Pet. 3:3 ,4 ; Ti­ tus 2:3-5. 5:25, 28, 29. Just as he "feeds" himself, a husband ought to be a good provider for his wife—physically, emotionally, and spiritual­ ly. He should also cherish her by spending adequate time with her and by treating her tenderly in speech and action. 6:10-13. To resist demonic forces, we need to be wholehearted in putting on the suit of spiritual armor from God.

"GO ON W ALKING ORDERLY" (Phil. 1 :1 -4 :2 3 ) Paul's letter to the Philippians breathes love. "This is what I continue praying,” he says, "that your love may abound yet more and more with accurate knowledge and full discernment." Helping them to avoid the snare of overconfidence, he exhorts: "Keep working out your own salvation with fear and trembling."—Phil. 1:9; 2:12. THE WATCHTOWER • AUG U ST 15, 2008

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Paul encourages those who are mature to pursue "down toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God." He states: "To what extent we have made progress, let us go on walking orderly in this same routine." -P h il. 3:14-16.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

1:23 and footnote—From what "two things" was Paul under pressure, and what "releasing" did he desire? Because of the cir­ cumstances he was in, Paul was under pres­ sure from the two possibilities open to him: life or death. (Phil. 1:21) While not stating what he would choose, he makes known what he desired—"the releasing and the be­ ing with Christ." (Phil. 3:20, 21; 1 Thess. 4: 16) This "releasing” during Christ's presence would result in Paul's receiving the reward that Jehovah had prepared for him.—Matt. 24:3. 2 :1 2 ,1 3 —In what way does God cause us "to will and to act"? Jehovah's holy spirit can work in our heart and mind to increase our desire to do our very best in his service. Hence, we are not without help as we 'keep working out our own salvation.'

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 1:3-5. Though they were materially poor, the Philippians set a fine example for us in displaying generosity.—2 Cor. 8:1-6. 2:5-11. As Jesus' example shows, humili­ ty is not a sign of weakness but of moral strength. Moreover, Jehovah exalts humble ones.—Prov. 22:4. 3:13. "The things behind" may be such things as a lucrative career, the security of be­ longing to a wealthy family, or even seri­ ous past sins of which we have repented and "been washed clean." (1 Cor. 6:11) We should forget these things, that is, cease to be concerned about them, and 'stretch forward to the things ahead.' 28

THE WATCHTOWER • AUGUST 15, 2008

"BEING STA BILIZED I N T H E FAITH" (Col. 1:1 -4 :1 8 ) In his letter to the Colossians, Paul coun­ teracts the wrong views of false teachers. Sal­ vation depends, he reasons, not on the re­ quirements of the Law, but on 'continuing in the faith.' Paul encourages the Colossians to "go on walking in union with [Christ], root­ ed and being built up in him and being stabi­ lized in the faith." How should such stabili­ zation affect them ?—Col. 1:23; 2:6, 7. "Besides all these things," writes Paul, "clothe yourselves with love, for it is a perfect bond of union. Also, let the peace of the Christ control in your hearts." The apostle tells them: "Whatever you are doing, work at it whole-souled as to Jehovah, and not to men." Regarding those outside the congrega­ tion, he says: "Go on walking in wisdom to­ ward" them.—Col. 3:14,15,23; 4:5.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

2:8—What are "the elementary things of the world" against which Paul warned? These are the elements of Satan's world—ba­ sic things or principles that make up, guide, or motivate it. (1 Joh n 2:16) Included among these are the philosophy, materialism, and false religions of this world.

4:16—Why is the letter to the Laodiceans not part of the Bible? This could be because the letter did not contain information neces­ sary for today. Or it may be that it repeated points from other canonical letters.

Lessons for Us:__________________________

1:2, 20. The ransom, a provision of God's undeserved kindness, can clear our con­ science of guilt and give us inner peace. 2:18, 23. "Mock humility"—a pretense of humility to impress others perhaps by re­ nouncing material things or by treating the body with severity—is an indication of one's being 'puffed up by one's fleshly frame of mind.'

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Letters to the Thessalonians and to Timothy

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HE new congregation in Thessalonica has experienced opposition ever since it was formed when the apostle Paul visited there. So when Timothy—perhaps in his 20's—re­ turns from there with a good report, Paul is moved to write the Thessalonians a letter to commend and encourage them. Likely com­ posed late in 50 C.E., that letter is the first of Paul's inspired writings. Shortly thereafter, he writes the Christians in Thessalonica a sec­ ond letter. This time, he corrects an errone­ ous viewpoint held by some and exhorts the brothers to stand firm in the faith. About ten years later, Paul is in Macedonia and Timothy is in Ephesus. Paul writes to Timothy, encouraging him to stay in Ephe­ sus and carry on spiritual warfare against false teachers inside the congregation. When a wave of persecution is unleashed upon Christians in the wake of a fire that ravages Rome in 64 C.E., Paul writes his second letter to Timothy. It is the last of his inspired writ­ ings. We today can benefit from the encour­ agement and counsel given in these four let­ ters of Paul.—Heb. 4:12.

"STAY AWAKE" (1 Thess. 1 :1 -5 :2 8 ) Paul commends the Thessalonians for 'their faithful work, their loving labor, and their endurance.' He tells them that they are his 'hope and joy and crown of exultation.' - 1 Thess. 1:3; 2:19. After encouraging the Christians in Thes­ salonica to comfort one another with the res­ urrection hope, Paul states: "Jehovah's day is

coming exactly as a thief in the night." He counsels them to "stay awake" and keep their senses.—1 Thess. 4:16-18; 5:2, 6.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 4:15-17—Who are "caught away in clouds to meet the Lord in the air," and how does this happen? These are anointed Christians who are alive during Christ's pres­ ence in Kingdom power. They "meet the Lord” Jesus in the invisible heavenly realm. To experience this, though, they first need to die and be resurrected as spirit creatures. (Rom. 6:3-5; 1 Cor. 15:35, 44) Christ's pres­ ence has already begun, so anointed Chris­ tians who die today do not remain dead. They are "caught away," or raised instantly. - 1 Cor. 15:51, 52. 5 :2 3 —What did Paul mean when he

prayed that "the spirit and soul and body of [the] brothers be preserved"? Paul was re­ ferring to the spirit, soul, and body of the composite Christian congregation, which in­ cluded spirit-anointed Christians in Thessa­ lonica. Instead of simply praying that the congregation be preserved, he prayed for the preservation of its "spirit," or mental disposi­ tion. He also prayed for its "soul," its life, or existence, and for its "body"—the composite body of anointed Christians. (1 Cor. 12:12, 13) The prayer thus highlights Paul's intense concern for the congregation.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:3, 7; 2:13; 4:1-12; 5:15. An effective way to give counsel is to mix due commendation with encouragement to do better. THE W ATCHTOW ER • SEPTEM BER 15, 2008

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4:1, 9, 10. Jehovah's worshippers should continue to make spiritual progress. 5:1-3, 8, 20, 21. As Jehovah's day ap­ proaches, we should "keep our senses and have on the breastplate of faith and love and as a helmet the hope of salvation." Moreover, we should pay serious attention to God's pro­ phetic Word, the Bible.

"STAND FIRM" (2 Thess. 1 :1 -3 :1 8 ) Twisting what Paul said in his first letter, some in the congregation apparently con­ tend that "the presence of [the] Lord" is at hand. To correct that viewpoint, Paul relates what has to 'come first.'—2 Thess. 2:1-3. Paul exhorts: "Stand firm and maintain your hold on the traditions that you were taught." He gives them orders "to with­ draw from every brother walking disorderly." —2 Thess. 2:15; 3:6.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:3, 8—Who is "the man of lawless­ ness," and how will he be done away with? This composite "m an" is the clergy class of Christendom. The one authorized to declare God's judgments against the wick­ ed and to give orders to execute them is "the Word"—God's Chief Spokesman, Jesus Christ. (John 1:1) Hence, it can be said that Jesus will do away with the man of lawless­ ness "by the spirit [activating force] of his mouth." 2:13, 14—How have the anointed Chris­

tians been 'selected from the beginning for salvation'? The anointed as a class were fore­ ordained when Jehovah purposed for the seed of the woman to bruise Satan in the head. (Gen. 3:15) Jehovah also prescribed the requirements they must meet, the work they would do, and the testing they would undergo. He thus called them for 'this desti­ ny.' 30

THE WATCHTOWER • SEPTEM BER 15, 2008

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:6-9. Jehovah's judgments are executed selectively. 3:8-12. The nearness of Jehovah's day should not be used as an excuse for not work­ ing to provide for our needs and to support ourselves in the ministry. Idleness can make us lazy and induce us to become "a busybody in other people's matters."—1 Pet. 4:15.

"GUARD W HAT IS LAID UP IN TRUST W ITH YOU" (1 Tim . 1 :1 -6 :2 1 ) Paul instructs Timothy to "go on waging the fine warfare; holding faith and a good conscience." The apostle outlines qualifica­ tions for appointed men in the congregation. Paul also instructs Timothy to "turn down the false stories which violate what is holy." - 1 Tim. 1:18,19; 3:1-10,12,13; 4:7. "Do not severely criticize an older man," Paul writes. He urges Tim othy: "Guard what is laid up in trust with you, turning away from the empty speeches that violate what is holy and from the contradictions of the falsely called 'knowledge.'"—1 Tim. 5:1; 6 :20 .

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:18; 4:14—What "predictions" were voiced concerning Timothy? They may have been certain prophecies concerning Timothy's future role in the Christian con­ gregation, uttered under inspiration when Paul visited Lystra during his second mis­ sionary journey. (Acts 16:1, 2) Based on these "predictions," the older men of the congre­ gation "laid their hands" upon young Timo­ thy, setting him apart for a specific service.

2:15—How is a woman "kept safe through childbearing"? Childbearing, car­ ing for her children, and managing a house­ hold can keep a woman "safe" from becom­ ing an unoccupied 'gossiper and meddler in other people's affairs.'—1 Tim. 5:11-15.

3:16—What is the sacred secret of godly devotion? W hether perfect obedience to Je­ hovah's sovereignty is possible for humans or not was a secret for ages. Jesus provided the answer by maintaining perfect integrity to God until his death.

6:15, 16—Do these words apply to Jeho­ vah God or to Jesus Christ? These words ap­ ply to the one whose manifestation they de­ scribe, namely, Jesus Christ. (1 Tim. 6:14) In comparison with humans who rule as kings and as lords, Jesus is the "only Potentate," and he alone has immortality. (Dan. 7:14; Rom. 6:9) Since his ascension to the invisible heavens, no man on earth "can see" him with literal eyes.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 4:15. Regardless of whether we have em­ braced Christianity recently or long ago, we should strive to be progressive and continue to make spiritual advancement. 6:2. If we are employed by a fellow believ­ er, rather than take advantage of him in any way, we should serve him even more readily than we would someone outside the congre­ gation.

"PREACH TH E W ORD, BE AT IT URGENTLY" (2 Tim . 1 :1 -4 :2 2 ) To prepare Timothy for the difficult times ahead, Paul writes: "God gave us not a spirit of cowardice, but that of power and of love and of soundness of mind." Timothy is ad­ vised: "A slave of the Lord does not need to fight, but needs to be gentle toward all, quali­ fied to teach."—2 Tim. 1:7; 2:24. "Continue in the things that you learned and were persuaded to believe," Paul exhorts Timothy. Apostate teachings were spreading, so the apostle counsels the younger overseer: "Preach the word, be at it urgently . . . , re­ prove, reprimand, exhort."—2 Tim. 3:14; 4:2.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:13—What is "the pattern of healthful words"? The "healthful words" are "those of our Lord Jesus Christ"—true Christian teach­ ings. (1 Tim. 6:3) What Jesus taught and did was in harmony with God's Word, thus the expression "healthful words" can also by ex­ tension refer to all Bible teachings. These teachings can help us to see what Jehovah re­ quires of us. We keep holding to this pattern by practicing what we have learned from the Bible. 4:13—What were "the parchments"? The designation "parchments" refers to a writing material of prepared leather. It is possible that Paul was asking for portions of the He­ brew Scriptures so that he could study them during his imprisonment in Rome. Some of the scrolls could have been of papyrus but others of parchment.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 1:5; 3:15. The fundamental reason why Timothy had faith in Christ Jesus, that is, faith that influenced everything Timothy did, was the early Scriptural education he re­ ceived at home. How vital it is that family members think seriously about how they are fulfilling this responsibility toward God and their children! 1:16-18. W hen our fellow believers under­ go trials, face persecution, or are imprisoned, let us pray for them and do all we can to help them.—Prov. 3:27; 1 Thess. 5:25. 2:22. Christians, especially youths, should not be so preoccupied with bodybuilding, sports, music, entertainment, hobbies, travel, aimless conversations, and the like, that they have little time for spiritual pursuits.

Which of the inspired letters composed by the apostle Paul was written last?

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Letters to Titus, to Philemon, and to the Hebrews

OME time after being released from his first imprisonment in Rome in 61 C.E., the apostle Paul visits the island of Crete. Noting the spiritual condition of the con­ gregations there, he leaves Titus behind to strengthen them. Later, likely from Macedo­ nia, Paul writes a letter to Titus to guide him in his duties and to give apostolic backing to his work. Earlier, shortly before his release from pris­ on in 61 C.E., Paul wrote a letter to Philemon, a Christian brother living in Colossae. It is a personal plea to a friend. In about 61 C.E., Paul also wrote a letter to the Hebrew believers in Judea, which shows the superiority of Christianity over the Jew­ ish system. All three letters contain valuable counsel for us.—Heb. 4:12.

S

REMAIN SPIRITUALLY HEALTHY (Titus 1:1-3:15) After providing guidance for the making of "appointments of older men in city after city," Paul counsels Titus to "keep on reprov­ ing [the unruly] with severity, that they may be healthy in the faith." He admonishes all in the congregations in Crete "to repudiate ungodliness. . . and to live with soundness of m ind."—Titus 1:5,10-13; 2:12. Paul gives further counsel to help the brothers in Crete to rem ain spiritually healthy. He instructs Titus to "shun foolish questionings . . . and fights over the Law." —Titus 3:9.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1:15—How can "all things" be "clean to 30

THE WATCHTOWER • O CTO BER 15, 2008

clean persons," but unclean "to persons de­ filed and faithless"? The answer lies in un­ derstanding what Paul meant by "all things." He was speaking, not of things directly con­ demned in God's written Word, but of mat­ ters in which the Scriptures allow varying re­ sponses from believers. To a person whose thinking is in harmony with God's stan­ dards, such things are clean. It is the opposite with someone whose thinking is distorted and whose conscience is defiled.*

3:5—How are anointed Christians 'saved through a bath' and 'made new by holy spirit'? They are 'saved through a bath' in that God has bathed, or cleansed, them with the blood of Jesus on the merit of the ransom sacrifice. They are 'made new by holy spirit' because they have become "a new creation" as spirit-begotten sons of God.—2 Cor. 5:17.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 1:10-13; 2:15. Christian overseers must display courage in correcting what is defec­ tive in the congregation. 2:3-5. As in the first century, mature Chris­ tian sisters today need to "be reverent in be­ havior, not slanderous, neither enslaved to a lot of wine, teachers of what is good." In that way, they can be effective in privately in­ structing "the young women" in the congre­ gation. 3 :8 ,1 4 . Keeping our "minds on maintain­ ing fine works" is "fine and beneficial" be­ cause it helps us to be fruitful in God's service and keeps us separate from the wicked world. * See T h e W atchtower, October 15, 2007, pages 26-27.

EXHORT "ON THE BASIS OF LOVE" (Philem. 1-25) Philemon is commended for being an ex­ ample in "love and faith." His being a source of refreshment to fellow Christians has given Paul "much joy and com fort."—Philem. 4, 5,7. Setting an example for all overseers, Paul handles the sensitive matter about Onesimus by giving, not an order, but exhortation "on the basis of love." He tells Philemon: "Trusting in your compliance, I am writing you, knowing you will even do more than the things I say."—Philem. 8, 9,21.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 10, 11, 18—How did formerly "useless" Onesimus become "useful"? Onesimus was an unwilling slave who escaped from the household of Philemon in Colossae and fled to Rome. Likely, Onesimus also stole from his master to finance this 900-mile journey. In­ deed, he was useless to Philemon. In Rome, though, Onesimus was helped by Paul to be­ come a Christian. Now a spiritual brother, this formerly "useless” slave became "use­ ful."

15,16—Why did Paul not ask Philemon to grant freedom to Onesimus? Paul desired to stick strictly to his commission to 'preach the kingdom of God and teach the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ.' Therefore, he chose to stay away from involvement in social issues, such as those concerning slav­ ery.—Acts 28:31.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 2. Philemon made his home available for Christian meetings. It is a privilege to have a meeting for field service in our hom e.—Rom. 16:5; Col. 4:15. 4-7. We should take the initiative to com­ mend fellow believers who are exemplary in faith and love.

15, 16. Unfavorable developments in life should not be allowed to cause us undue anx­ iety. The results can turn out to be beneficial, as in the case of Onesimus. 21. Paul expected Philemon to forgive Onesimus. We are likewise expected to be forgiving toward a brother who may have of­ fended us.—Matt. 6:14.

"PRESS ON TO MATURITY" (Heb. 1:1-13:25) To prove that faith in Jesus' sacrifice is superior to works of Law, Paul highlights the excellency of Christianity's Founder, his priesthood, his sacrifice, and the new cove­ nant. (Heb. 3:1-3; 7:1-3, 22; 8:6; 9:11-14, 25, 26) This knowledge certainly must have helped Hebrew Christians to deal with the persecution that they suffered at the hands of the Jews. Paul urges his Hebrew fellow be­ lievers to "press on to maturity.”—Heb. 6:1. How important is faith under the Chris­ tian arrangement? "W ithout faith it is im­ possible to please [God] well," writes Paul. He encourages the Hebrews: "Let us run with endurance the race that is set before us," do­ ing so in faith.—Heb. 11:6; 12:1.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:14, 15—Does Satan's "having the means to cause death" indicate that he can cause the premature death of anyone he chooses? No, it does not. However, from the start of Satan's course of wickedness in Eden, his lies have caused death because Adam sinned and passed sin and death on to the human family. (Rom. 5:12) Furthermore, Sa­ tan's earthly agents have persecuted servants of God to the point of death, even as they did Jesus. But that does not mean that Satan has limitless power to kill anyone he wants. If that were so, he would no doubt have wiped out Jehovah's worshippers long ago. Jehovah protects his people as a group and does not THE WATCHTOWER • OCTOBER 15, 2008

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allow Satan to exterminate them. Even if God permits some of us to die under Satan's attacks, we can be confident that God will undo whatever harm is brought upon us.

4:9-11—How do we "enter into [God's] rest"? At the end of the six days of creation, God rested from his creative works, confi­ dent that his purpose regarding the earth and mankind would be fulfilled. (Gen. 1:28; 2:2, 3) We "enter into that rest" by desisting from doing works of self-justification and by accepting God's provision for our salvation. W hen we exercise faith in Jehovah and obe­ diently follow his Son rather than pursue selfish interests, we enjoy refreshing and rest­ ful blessings every day.—Matt. 11:28-30.

9:16—Who is "the human covenanter" of the new covenant? Jehovah is the Maker of the new covenant, while Jesus is "the hu­ man covenanter." Jesus is the Mediator of that covenant, and by his death, he provided the sacrifice needed to validate it.—Luke 22: 20; Heb. 9:15.

11:10,13-16—What "city" was Abraham aw aiting? This was not a literal city but a symbolic one. Abraham was awaiting "heav­ enly Jerusalem," composed of Christ Jesus and his 144,000 corulers. These corulers in their heavenly glory are also spoken of as "the holy city, New Jerusalem.” (Heb. 12:22; Rev. 14:1; 21:2) Abraham was looking for­ ward to life under the rule of God's King­ dom.

12:2—What was "the joy that was set be­ fore [Jesus]" for which "he endured a tor­ ture stake"? It was the joy of seeing what his ministry would accomplish—including the sanctification of Jehovah's name, the vindi­ cation of God's sovereignty, and the ransom­ ing of the human family from death. Jesus also looked ahead to the reward of ruling as King and serving as High Priest to the benefit of mankind. w w w. wa t c h to we r. o r g

13:20—Why is the new covenant spoken of as being "everlasting"? For three reasons: (1) It will never be replaced, (2) its results are permanent, and (3) the "other sheep" will continue to benefit from the new cove­ nant arrangement after Armageddon.—Joh n 10:16.

Lessons for Us:________________________ 5:14. We should be diligent students of God's Word, the Bible, and apply what we learn from it. There is no other way to have our "perceptive powers trained to distinguish both right and wrong."—1 Cor. 2:10. 6:17-19. Having our hope solidly based on God's promise and his oath will help us not to deviate from walking in the way of the truth. 1 2 :3 ,4 . Rather than 'getting tired and giv­ ing out in our souls' because of minor trials or opposition that we may encounter, we should make progress toward maturity and improve our ability to endure trials. We should be determined to resist "as far as blood," that is, to the point of dying.—Heb. 10:36-39. 12:13-15. We should not allow a "poison­ ous root," or any in the congregation who find fault with the way things are done, to prevent us from 'making straight paths for our feet.' 12:26-28. The "things that have been made" by hands other than God's—the en­ tire present system of things, even the wick­ ed "heaven"—are to be shaken out of exis­ tence. When that happens, only "the things not being shaken," that is, the Kingdom and its supporters, will remain. How vital that we zealously proclaim the Kingdom and live by its principles! 13:7,17. Keeping in focus this admonition to be obedient and submissive to the over­ seers in the congregations will help us to manifest a cooperative spirit. w08 10/15-E

Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From th e Letters of Jam es and of Peter

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EARLY 30 years after Pentecost of 33 C.E., the disciple Jam es—a half brother of Jesus—writes a letter to "the twelve tribes" of spiritual Israel. (Jas. 1:1) His objec­ tive: to exhort them to be strong in faith and to show endurance when facing trials. He also provides counsel to correct disturbing conditions that have developed in the con­ gregations. Just prior to Roman Emperor Nero's cam­ paign of persecution in 64 C.E., the apostle Peter writes his first letter addressed to Chris­ tians, encouraging them to stand firm in the faith. In his second letter, penned soon after the first, Peter encourages his fellow believers to pay attention to God's word and warns them about the coming of Jehovah's day. In­ deed, we can benefit from paying attention to the messages of the letters of James and of Peter.—Heb. 4:12.

G O D GIVES W ISDOM TO TH O SE "ASKING IN FAITH" (Jas. 1 :1 -5 :2 0 ) "Happy is the man that keeps on enduring trial," writes James, "because on becoming approved he will receive the crown of life." To those who "keep on asking in faith," Jeho­ vah grants wisdom needed to endure trials. -Ja s . 1:5-8,12. Faith and wisdom are also needed by those who "become teachers" in the congregation. After identifying the tongue as "a little mem­ ber" capable of 'spotting up the whole body,' James warns of worldly tendencies that can damage one's relationship with God. He also 20

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 15, 2008

outlines the steps anyone spiritually sick should take in order to recover.—Jas. 3:1, 5 ,6 ; 5:14,15.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

2:13—In what way does 'mercy exult tri­ umphantly over judgment'? W hen it comes to rendering an account for ourselves to God, he takes into consideration the mercy we have shown toward others and forgives us on the basis of the ransom sacrifice of his Son. (Rom. 14:12) Is this not one reason to make mercy a dominant quality in our lives?

4:5—What scripture is James quoting here? James is not quoting any specific verse. However, these divinely inspired words are possibly based on the general thought be­ hind such scriptures as Genesis 6:5; 8:21; Proverbs 21:10; and Galatians 5:17.

5:20—"He who turns a sinner back from the error of his way" will save whose soul from death? A Christian who turns a wrong­ doer back from a sinful course saves the soul of the repentant person from spiritual death and perhaps from everlasting destruction. The individual helping the sinner in this way will also "cover a multitude of [that one's] sins."

Lessons for Us:__________________________

1:14,15. Sin has its beginning in improper desire. Therefore, we should not nurture wrong desires by dwelling on them. Rather, we need to "continue considering" upbuild­ ing things and filling our minds and hearts with them.—Phil. 4:8.

2 :8 ,9 . "Showing favoritism" is contrary to "the kingly law" of love. Hence, true Chris­ tians do not show favoritism. 2:14-26. We are "saved through faith," "not owing to works" of the Mosaic Law or of those performed as Christians. Our faith should be more than mere professed faith. (Eph. 2:8, 9; John 3:16) It should move us to godly action. 3:13-17. "The wisdom from above" surely is superior to "the earthly, animal, demonic" wisdom! We should 'keep searching for god­ ly wisdom as for hid treasures.'—Prov. 2:1-5. 3:18, footnotes. The seed of the Kingdom good news is to be "sown with peace by those who are making peace." It is important that we be peacemakers and not arrogant, quar­ relsome, or riotous.

'STAND SO LID IN TH E FAITH' (1 Pet. 1 :1 -5 :1 4 ) Peter reminds his fellow believers of their "living hope" of an inheritance in heaven. "You are 'a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy n ation,'" Peter tells them. After giving specific counsel on subjection, he exhorts all to be "like-minded, showing fellow feeling, having brotherly affection, tenderly compas­ sionate, humble in m ind."—1 Pet. 1:3, 4; 2:9; 3:8. Since "the end of [the Jewish system of] things has drawn close," Peter counsels the brothers to 'be sound in mind and vigilant with a view to prayers.' He tells them: "Keep your senses, be watchful___ Take your stand against [Satan], solid in the faith."—1 Pet. 4:7; 5:8, 9.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

3:20-22—How does baptism save us? Bap­ tism is a requirement for those seeking salva­ tion. However, baptism itself does not save us. Salvation is actually "through the resur­ rection of Jesus Christ." The baptismal candi­ date must have faith that salvation is possible

only because Jesus died a sacrificial death, was resurrected, and "is at God's right hand," having authority over the living and the dead. Baptism founded on such faith is what corresponds to 'eight souls being safely car­ ried through the water.'

4:6—Who were "the dead" to whom "the good news was declared"? These were ones who were 'dead in their trespasses and sins,' or who were spiritually dead, before they heard the good news. (Eph. 2:1) After putting faith in the good news, though, they began to "live" spiritually.

Lessons for Us: 1:7. For our faith to have excelling value, it must be of proved, or tested, quality. Such strong faith does indeed 'preserve alive the soul.' (Heb. 10:39) We must not shrink back from tests of our faith. 1:10-12. Angels desired to peer into and understand the deep spiritual truths that God's prophets of old times wrote concern­ ing the anointed Christian congregation. However, these things became clear only when Jehovah began dealing with the con­ gregation. (Eph. 3:10) Should we not follow the example of the angels and strive to search into "the deep things of God"?—1 Cor. 2:10. 2:21. In imitation of our Exemplar, Jesus Christ, we should be willing to suffer even to the point of death in order to uphold Jeho­ vah's sovereignty. 5:6, 7. When we throw our anxiety upon Jehovah, he helps us to keep giving true wor­ ship priority in our life instead of being un­ duly concerned about what the next day may bring.—Matt. 6 :33,34.

"JEHOVAH'S DAY W ILL COM E" (2 Pet. 1 :1 -3 :1 8 ) "Prophecy was at no time brought by man's will," writes Peter, "but men spoke from God as they were borne along by holy THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 15, 2008

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spirit." Paying attention to the prophetic word can protect us from "false teachers” and other corrupting individuals.—2 Pet. 1:21; 2: 1-3. "In the last days there will come ridiculers with their ridicule," warns Peter. But "Jeho­ vah's day will come as a thief." Peter closes his letter with sound advice to those 'await­ ing and keeping close in mind the presence of that day.'—2 Pet. 3:3,10-12.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

1:19—Who is the "daystar," when does he rise, and how do we come to know that this has happened? The "daystar" is Jesus Christ in Kingdom power. (Rev. 22:16) In 1914, Jesus rose before all creation as the Messianic King, heralding the dawn of a new day. The transfiguration provided a vision­ ary foreview of Jesus' glory and Kingdom power, underscoring the dependability of God's prophetic word. Paying attention to that word illuminates our hearts, and we are thus made aware that the Daystar has risen.

2:4—What is "Tartarus," and when were the rebellious angels thrown into it? Tar­ tarus is a prisonlike condition to which only spirit creatures—not humans—are con­ signed. It is a state of dense mental darkness regarding God's bright purposes. Those in Tartarus have no hope for the future. God threw the disobedient angels into Tartarus in Noah's day, and they will remain in that abased condition until they are destroyed.

3:17—What did Peter mean by "advance knowledge"? Peter was referring to ad­ vance knowledge, or foreknowledge, of fu­ ture events, given to him and other Bible writers by inspiration. Since this was not an infinite knowledge, having it did not result in the early Christians' knowing all the de­ tails about future events. They came to know only the general outline of what could be ex­ pected. 22

Lessons for Us: 1:2,5-7. In addition to helping us increase in "accurate knowledge of God and of Je ­ sus," our putting forth earnest effort to culti­ vate such qualities as faith, endurance, and godly devotion can "cause [us] to be nei­ ther inactive nor unfruitful" regarding that knowledge.—2 Pet. 1:8, ftn. 1:12-15. To remain "firmly set in the truth," we need constant reminders, such as those we receive through our congregation meetings, personal study, and Bible reading. 2:2. We should be careful that our con­ duct does not bring reproach on Jehovah and his organization.—Rom. 2:24. 2:4-9. In view of what he has done in the past, we can be certain that "Jehovah knows how to deliver people of godly devotion out of trial, but to reserve unrighteous people for the day of judgment to be cut off." 2:10-13. While "glorious ones," that is, Christian elders, have faults and may err at times, we must not speak abusively of them . -H e b . 13:7,17. 3:2-4, 12. Paying close attention to "the sayings previously spoken by th e holy prophets and the com m andm ent of the Lord and Savior" will help us to keep in focus the nearness of Jehovah's day. 3:11-14. As those "awaiting and keeping close in mind the presence of the day of Je ­ hovah,” we must (1) 'be holy in conduct,' maintaining physical, mental, moral, and spiritual cleanness; (2) abound with deeds that reflect "godly devotion," such as those in connection with the Kingdom-preaching and disciple-making work; (3) keep our con­ duct and personality "spotless," untainted by the world; (4) be "unblemished," doing all things with a pure motive; and (5) be "in peace”—at peace with God, with our Chris­ tian brothers, and with fellow humans.

THE WATCHTOWER • NOVEMBER 15, 2008

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive

Highlights From the Letters of John and of Jude

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IKELY written in 98 C.E. from Ephesus, the three letters of the apostle John are among the last of the books making up the inspired Scriptures. The first two letters en­ courage Christians to keep walking in the light and to fight against the encroachment of apostasy. In the third one, Joh n not only speaks of walking in the truth but also en­ courages Christian cooperation. In his letter written from Palestine, prob­ ably in 65 C.E., Jesus' half brother Jude warns fellow Christians about wicked ones who had slipped into the congregation, and he gives advice about how to resist bad influ­ ences. Paying attention to the message of the three letters of Joh n and of Jude's epistle can help us to remain strong in the faith despite obstacles.—Heb. 4:12.

KEEP W ALKING IN TH E LIG H T AND IN LOVE AN D BY FAITH (1 John 1 :1 -5 :2 1 ) Intended for the entire association of those in union with the Christ, John's first letter provides sound counsel designed to help Christians take their stand against apos­ tasy and remain firm for the truth and for righteousness. He stresses the need to keep walking in the light and in love and by faith. "If we are walking in the light as [God] himself is in the light," Joh n writes, "we do have a sharing with one another." And since God is the Source of love, the apostle says: "Let us continue loving one another." While "the love of God" moves us to "observe his commandments," we conquer the world through "our faith" in Jehovah God, his Word, and his Son.—1 Joh n 1:7; 4:7; 5:3, 4.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 2:2; 4:10—How is Jesus "a propitiatory sacrifice"? To propitiate means to "appease," or to "placate." Jesus gave his life as a propi­ tiatory sacrifice in the sense that by doing so, he appeased, or satisfied, the requirement of perfect justice. On the basis of that sacrifice, God could extend mercy, and he could par­ don the sins of those who exercise faith in Je­ sus.—John 3:16; Rom. 6:23. 2:7, 8 —W hat com m andm ent is John speaking of as "old" as well as "new"? John is speaking about the commandment regard­ ing self-sacrificing brotherly love. (John 13: 34) He refers to it as "old" because Jesus gave it over 60 years before Joh n penned his first inspired letter. Thus, the believers have had it "from the beginning" of their lives as Chris­ tians. The commandment is also "new" in that it goes beyond 'loving one's fellow as oneself' and calls for self-sacrificing love. -Lev. 19:18; John 15:12,13. 3 :2 —W hat has "not been made mani­ fest" to anointed Christians, and whom shall they see "just as he is"? What has not been made manifest to them is what they shall be like when they are resurrected to heaven with spirit bodies. (Phil. 3:20, 21) However, what they do know is that "when­ ever [God] is made manifest [they] shall be like him, because [they] shall see him just as he is," that is, "the Spirit."—2 Cor. 3:17,18. 5:5-8—How did water, blood, and spirit bear witness to the fact that "Jesus is the Son of God"? Water was a witness bearer be­ cause when Jesus was baptized in water, Jeho­ vah himself expressed His approval of him as His Son. (Matt. 3:17) Jesus' blood, or life, THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 15, 2 0 0 8

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given as "a corresponding ransom for all/' also showed that Jesus is God's Son. (1 Tim. 2:5, 6) And the holy spirit testified that Jesus is the Son of God when it descended upon him at his baptism, enabling him to go "through the land doing good and healing all those oppressed by the Devil."—John 1: 29-34; Acts 10:38.

Lessons for Us:__________________________ 2:9-11; 3:15. If a Christian allows anything or anyone to destroy his brotherly love, he is walking in spiritual darkness, not knowing where he is going.

KEEP "W ALKING IN TH E TRUTH" (2 John 1-13) Joh n opens his second letter by saying: "The older man to the chosen lady and to her children." He expresses joy at finding "cer­ tain ones of [her] children walking in the truth."—2 John 1, 4. After giving encouragement to cultivate love, John writes: "This is what love means, that we go on walking according to his com­ mandments." John also warns about "the de­ ceiver and the antichrist."—2 John 5-7.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 1, 13—W ho is "the chosen lady"? John could be referring to an individual woman

Water, spirit; and blood bore witness that' lesus is the Son of Cod"

addressed as Kyria, which is Greek for "lady." Or he may be using a figure of speech to ad­ dress a particular congregation in order to confuse persecutors. If the latter was the case, her children would be the members of that congregation and "the children of [her] sister" would refer to the members of anoth­ er congregation. 7— W hat "com ing" of Jesus does John speak of here, and how are deceivers "not confessing" it? The "com ing" is not Jesus' future, invisible coming. Rather, it is his coming in the flesh and his being anointed as the Christ. (1 Joh n 4:2) Deceivers do not confess this coming in the flesh. Perhaps they deny that Jesus ever lived or they reject that he was anointed with holy spirit.

Lessons for Us:___________________________ 2, 4. Our coming to know "the truth"—the entire body of Christian teachings that has become part of the Bible—and adhering to it are essential for our salvation.—3 Joh n 3, 4. 811. If we do not want to lose "un­ deserved kindness, mercy and peace from God the Father and from Jesus Christ," as well as the loving association of fellow believers, we should "look out" for our­ selves spiritually and reject those who do "not remain in the teaching of the Christ." —2 John 3.

BECOM E "FELLOW W ORKERS IN THE TRUTH" (3 John 1-14) The third letter of John is addressed to his personal friend Gaius. "No greater cause for thankfulness do I have than these things," he writes, "that I should be hearing that my children go on walking in the truth." —3 John 4. John commends Gaius for "doing a faith­ ful work" in assisting visiting brothers. "We . . . are under obligation to receive such per­

sons hospitably," says the apostle, "that we may become fellow workers in the truth." —3 John 5-8.

Scriptural Questions Answered: 11—Why do some engage in bad con­ duct? Lacking spirituality, some do not see God with their eyes of understanding. Since they cannot see him with their literal eyes, they act as if he is not seeing them .—Ezek. 9:9. 14—W ho are referred to as "friends"? The term "friends" here includes more than those enjoying close relationships with one another. Joh n uses it to refer to fellow believ­ ers in general.

"Beloved ones," writes Jude, "call to mind the sayings that have been previously spoken by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ." He adds: "Keep yourselves in God's love.” -Ju d e 17-21.

Scriptural Questions Answered:

3, 4 —Why did Jude urge Christians to "put up a hard fight for the faith"? Because 'ungodly men had slipped into the congre­ gation.' These men were 'turning the un­ deserved kindness of God into an excuse for loose conduct.' 20, 21—How can we "keep [ourselves] in God's love"? We can do this in three ways: (1) by building up ourselves on our "most holy faith" through diligent study of God's Lessons for Us:___________________________ Word and by having a zealous share in the 4. Spiritually mature individuals in the preaching work; (2) by praying "with holy congregation experience great joy when they spirit," or in harmony with its influence; and see its younger members "go on walking in (3) by exercising faith in what makes everlast­ the truth." And what incomparable joy par­ ing life possible—the ransom sacrifice of Je­ ents experience when they succeed in help­ sus Christ.—John 3:16, 36. ing their offspring to become spiritually in­ Lessons for Us:__________________________ clined children! 5-7. Can the wicked escape Jehovah's judg­ 5-8. Among those who work hard in behalf ment? According to the three warning exam­ of their brothers out of love for them and for ples listed by Jude, that is impossible. Jehovah are traveling overseers, missionar­ 8-10. We should follow the example of Mi­ ies, those serving in Bethel homes or branch chael the archangel and show respect for di­ offices, and those in the pioneer service. vinely constituted authority. Their faith is worthy of imitation, and they 12. Apostates feigning love are as danger­ deserve our loving support. ous to our faith as rocks hidden below water 9-12. We should imitate the example of are to ships or swimmers. False teachers may faithful Demetrius and not that of chattering seem to be generous, but they are like water­ Diotrephes, who was a slanderer. less clouds in that they are spiritually empty. "KEEP YOURSELVES IN G O D 'S LOVE" Such ones are as fruitless as dead trees in late (Jude 1-25) autumn. They face destruction, as do uproot­ Jude describes those infiltrating the con­ ed trees. Wise we are to shun apostates. gregation as "murmurers, complainers about 2 2 ,2 3 . True Christians hate what is bad. In their lot in life, proceeding according to an effort to save "some that have doubts" out their own desires." They "speak swelling of the fire of everlasting destruction, ma­ things, while they are admiring personal­ ture ones in the congregation—especially ap­ ities."—Jude 4,16. pointed overseers—provide them with spiri­ tual help. How can Christians resist bad influences? THE WATCHTOWER • DECEMBER 15, 2008

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Jehovah's Word Is Alive Highlights From the Book of Revelation-II HAT lies ahead for those who worship Jehovah God and for those who do not? What is the future of Satan and his demops? What blessings will obedient mankina experience during the Thousand Year Reign of Christ? The answers to these and other vital questions are revealed at Revelation 13:1-22:21.* These chapters contain the last 9 of the 16 visions that the apostle John received near the end of the first century C.E. "Happy is he who reads aloud and those who hear the words of this prophecy," writes John, "and who observe the things written in it." (Rev. 1:3; 22:7) Reading and applying what we learn from the book of Revelation can affect our heart, strengthen our faith in God and his Son, Jesus Christ, and give us a bright hope for the future.# -Heb. 4:12.

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SEVEN BOWLS OF

GOD'S ANGER ARE POURED OUT (Rev. 13:1-16:21) "The nations became wrathful," states Revelation 11:18, "and [God's] own wrath came, and the appointed time ... to bring to ruin those ruining the earth." Providing background for this, the eighth vision shows the activity of" a wild beast ... with ten horns and seven heads."-Rev. 13:1. In the ninth vision, John sees "the Lamb standing upon the Mount Zion" and with him "a hundred and forty-four thousand." They have been "bought from among man* For a discussion of Revelation 1: 1-12: 17, see "Highlights From the Book of Revelation-I" in the January IS, 2009, issue of The Watchtower. "For a verse-by-verse consideration of the book of Revelation, see Revelation-Its Grand Climax At Hand!

kind." (Rev. 14:1, 4) Angelic announcements follow. In the next vision, John beholds "seven angels with seven plagues." Evidently, Jehovah himself commands these angels to pour out "the seven bowls of the anger of God" on various features of Satan's world. The bowls contain pronouncements and warnings of the judgments God will execute. (Rev. 15:1; 16:1) These two visions give details of further Kingdom judgments connected with the third woe and the blOWing of the seventh trumpet.-Rev. 11:14, 15. Scriptural Questions Answered:

13:8-What is "the scroll of life of the Lamb"? This is a figurative scroll containing only the names of those who rule with Jesus Christ in his heavenly Kingdom. It includes the names of anointed Christians still on earth, who have the hope of receiving life in heaven. 13:11-13-How does the wild beast with two horns act like a dragon and make fire come down out of heaven? The fact that the two-horned wild beast-the Anglo-American World Power-speaks like a dragon indicates that it uses threats, pressure, and violence to enforce acceptance of its form of rulership. It makes fire come out of heaven in that it assumes a prophetlike role by claiming to have conquered the forces of evil in the two world wars of the 20th century and to have won a victory over Communism. 16:17-What is "the air" upon which the seventh bowl is poured out? "The air" symbolizes satanic thinking, "the spirit [mental inclination] that now operates in the sons of disobedience." This poisonous air is

breathed by Satan's entire wicked system of things.-Eph.2:2. Lessons for Us:

13:i -4, 18. "Awild beast" symbolizing human governments ascends "out of the sea," that is, from the turbulent masses of mankind. (Isa. 17:12, 13; Dan. 7:2-8, 17) This beast, created and empowered by Satan, has the number 666, denoting heightened imperfection. Understanding what the beast is hklps us so that we neither follow it with admiration nor worship it as mankind in general does.-John 12:31; 15:19. 13:16, 17. Despite the hardships we may ertcounter in carrying out such everyday activities as 'buying or selling,' we should not allow ourselves to be pressured into letting the wild beast rule our lives. Accepting 'the mark of the wild beast in our hand or upon our forehead' would amount to permitting the wild beast to control our actions or affect our thinking. 14:6, 7. The angelic proclamation teaches us that we should declare the good news of the established Kingdom of God with urgency. We should help our Bible students to develop a healthy fear of God and to give glory to Jehovah. 14:14-20. When "the harvestofthe earth," that is, the harvest of those who will be saved, is completed, it will be time for the angel to hurl "il1to the great winepress of the anger of God" the gathering of "the vine of the earth." That vtne-Satan's corrupt visible system of governments over mankind with its" clusters" of evil fruitage-will then be destroyed forever. We should be determined not to be influenced by the vine of the earth. 16:13-16. "Unclean inspired expressions" symbolize demonic propaganda intended to ensure that the kings of the earth are not swayed by the pouring out of the seven bowls of God's anger but instead are maneu-

vered into opposition to Jehovah.-Matt. 24: 42,44. 16:21. As the end of this world nears, the proclamation of Jehovah's judgments against Satan's wicked system may involve unusually heavy verbal expressions of God's judgments, likely pictured by congealed water. Still, most of mankind will continue to blaspheme God. THE TRIUMPHANT

KING RULES

(Rev. 17:1-22:21) "Babylon the Great," the world empire of false religion, is a disgusting segment of Satan's wicked world. The 11th vision portrays her as a "great harlot" -an immoral woman-"sitting upon a scarlet-colored wild beast." She is to be completely destroyed by "the ten horns" of the very beast that is carrying her. (Rev. 17:1, 3, 5, 16) Likening the harlot to a "great city," the subsequent vision announces her fall and issues an urgent call to God's people to "get out of her." The demise of the great city is mourned by many. There is rejoicing in heaven, however, because of "the marriage of the Lamb." (Rev. 18:4,9,10,15-19; 19:7) In the 13th vision, the rider of "a white horse" goes to war with the nations. He brings Satan's wicked world to its end.-Rev.19:11-16. What about "the original serpent, who is the Devil and Satan"? When will he be "hurled into the lake of fire"? That is one of the subjects of the 14th vision. (Rev. 20:2, 10) The last two visions give glimpses of life during the Millennium. As the "revelation" comes to an end, John sees 'a river of water of life flowing down the middle of the broad way,' and a wonderful invitation is extended to "anyone thirsting."-Rev.1:1; 22:1, 2, 17. Scriptural Questions Answered:

17:16; 18:9, lO-Why do lithe kings of the earth" grieve over the very entity they

themselves have devastated? The reason for their grief is strictly selfish. After the destruction of Babylon the Great, the kings of the earth evidently come to realize how useful she was to them. She provided a religious front for their oppressive deeds. Babylon the Great also helped them in recruiting youths for the battlefields. Moreover, she played an important part in keeping people in subjection. ;Ji9:12-How is it that no one but Jesus hifuself knows his unstated name? This name seems to stand for the position and privileges, such as those stated at Isaiah 9:6, that Jesus enjoys during the Lord's day. No one knows this name but he himself in that his privileges are unique and only he can comprehend what it means to hold such a high office. However, Jesus shares some of these privileges with the members of his bride class, in effect 'writing upon them that new name of his.' -Rev. 3:12. 19:14-Whowill ride with Jesus at Armageddon? Included among 'the armies in heaven' that join Jesus in God's war will be angels as well as the anointed conquerors who have already received their heavenly reward.-Matt. 25:31, 32; Rev. 2:26, 27. 20:11-15-Whose names are written in "the scroll [or, "the book"] of life"? This is the scroll containing the names of all those who come in line to receive everlasting life-the anointed Christians, the members of the great crowd, and the faithful servants of God who will experience the 'resurrec-

tion of the righteous.' (Acts 24:15; Rev. 2:10; 7:9) Those who will come to life in the 'resurrection of the unrighteous' will have their names written in "the scroll of life" only if they act in harmony with the "things written in the scrolls" of instructions opened during the Millennium. However, the entries are not made with indelible ink. The names of the anointed become permanent upon their proving themselves faithful to death. (Rev. 3:5) The names of those who receive life on earth become lasting entries when they pass the final test at the end of the thousand years.-Rev. 20:7, 8. Lessons for Us:

17:3, 5, 7, 16. "The wisdom from above" helps us to understand "the mystery of the woman and of the [scarlet-colored] wild beast that is carrying her." (las. 3:17) This symbolic wild beast began as the League of Nations and was later revived as the United Nations. Should not the unraveling of this mystery move us to be zealous in preaching the good news of God's Kingdom and proclaiming the day of Jehovah's judgment? 21:1-6. We can be absolutely certain that foretold blessings under Kingdom rule will become a reality. Why? Because concerning them, it is said: "They have come to pass!" 22:1, 17. The "river of water of life" represents Jehovah's provisions for recovering obedient humans from sin and death. A measure of this water is available now. May we not only gratefully accept the invitation to come and "take life's water free" but also eagerly eXtend it to others!

What marvelous blessings obedient mankind will experience under Kingdom rule!