Blue Ocean Strategy รศ.ดร.พสุ เดชะรินทร คณะพาณิชยศาสตรและการบัญชี จุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย

ที่มาของหนังสือ Blue Ocean Strategy เขียนโดย W. Chan Kim อาจารยจาก INSEAD Renee Mauborgne อาจารยจาก INSEAD

บทความที่เขียนขึ้นมา Value Innovation: The Strategic Logic of High Growth – HBR 1997 Creating New Market Space – HBR 1999 Strategy, Value Innovation, and the Knowledge Economy – SMR 1999 Charting Your Company’s Future – HBR 2002 Tipping Point Leadership – HBR 2003  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

ที่มาของ Blue Ocean Strategy การศึกษา

Strategic Moves ของบริษทั ตางๆ กวา 150 ประการ ตั้งแตป 1880 – 2000 ในมากกวา 30 อุตสาหกรรม

สรุปสั้นๆ

การแขงขันในปจจุบันที่มุงเนนการเอาชนะคูแขงขัน จะทําใหสินคามีลกั ษณะ เปน Commodity มากขึ้น แขงขันที่ราคามากขึ้น และทําใหการแขงขันกลายเปน ทะเลสีเลือด ซึ่งสุดทายไมกอใหเกิดการเติบโตของกําไรอยางแทจริง การที่จะเติบโตทางกําไรอยางแทจริง จะตองสรางทะเลขึ้นมาใหม (สีฟา) เปน ทะเลที่ยังไมมีใครเขาไปกอน และไปสรางอุปสงคใหมๆ ใหเกิดขึน้ โดยอาศัย Value Innovation

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

ภาพของกลยุทธในปจจุบัน Strategic Analysis Strategic Group Mapping

Competitive Analysis

Industry Analysis

BCG Model

Strategic Formulation

Business Strategies

Five Forces Model

Benchmarking

Competitive Intelligence

Offensive Strategies

Functional Strategies

Diversification Corporate Strategies

Cost Leadership Growth Strategies

Differentiation

Strategic Execution Employee Competencies

Action Plan / Budget Leadership Style

Measures

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Culture and Shared Value

Defensive Strategies

Information Systems

Alignment

ภาพของกลยุทธตาม Blue Ocean Strategic Analysis Strategy Canvas

Four Actions Framework

Eliminate – Reduce – Raise – Create Grid

Good Strategy

Strategic Formulation Reconstruct Mkt Boundaries

Focus on the Big Picture, not the Number

Reach beyond existing demand

Get the strategic sequence right

Strategic Execution Organizational Hurdles

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Tipping Point Leadership

Build Execution into strategy

ความแตกตางของ Blue Ocean Strategy ความแตกตาง โตแยงทฤษฎีทางดานการบริหารกลยุทธในปจจุบัน ที่มุงเนนการ เอาชนะคูแขงขัน หนังสือหลายๆ เลมพยายามนําเสนอแนวคิดในลักษณะเดียวกัน (เรียก กันคนละชื่อ) แตพูดเฉยๆ โดยขาดเครื่องมือเขามารองรับ หนังสือ Blue Ocean Strategy พยายามนําเสนอเครื่องมือในการ วิเคราะห และแนวทางในการกําหนดกลยุทธมาใหดวย

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

พบ Blue Oceans ไดจากที่ใดบาง? แสวงหาปจจัยหลักรวม ที่จะนําไปสูการสราง Blue Oceans พบวา Blue Oceans นั้นสามารถเกิดขึ้นไดกับองคกร ไมวาขนาดจะเล็กหรือใหญ ใหมหรือเกา อยูในอุตสาหกรรมที่กําลังรุงหรือรวง อยูมานานหรือเพิ่งเขามาในอุตสาหกรรมใหม ภาครัฐหรือเอกชน High Technology หรือ Low Technology

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

ตัวอยางของ Blue Oceans ที่ผานมา

Ford Model T (ป 1908) General Motor ที่ออกแบบรถยนตเพื่อตอบสนอง ตอความตองการของลูกคาแตละกลุม (ปค.ศ. 1924) CNN – Real-time News 24/7 (ป ค.ศ. 1980) Starbucks Southwest Airlines  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Red Ocean Strategies อุตสาหกรรมที่มีอยูในปจจุบัน – Known market space อุตสาหกรรมมีขอบเขตที่ชัดเจน บริษัทพยายามที่จะเอาชนะคูแขงขัน – เพื่อใหไดสวนแบงตลาดที่สูงขึ้น เมื่อการแขงขันรุนแรงขึ้น – โอกาสในการเติบโตและไดกําไร ลดนอยลง สินคาบริการ กลายเปน Commodities ภาวการณแขงขันรุนแรงขี้น – เนนการแขงขันดวยราคามากขึ้น กลายเปนทะเลที่เลือด (Bloody Ocean)

Red Ocean เปนสิ่งที่พบเห็นไดทั่วไปในการแขงขันทางธุรกิจ ไมกอใหเกิดการเติบโตอยางยั่งยืน (Sustain High Performance)  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Red Ocean Strategies เปนแนวทางหลักในการกําหนดกลยุทธและการแขงขันขององคกรตางๆ มาตลอดสามสิบปที่ผานมา การทําความเขาใจโครงสรางและวิเคราะหอุตสาหกรรม การกําหนดทางการแขงขัน เมื่อเทียบกับคูแ ขง

มีพื้นฐานมาจากยุทธศาสตรทางการทหาร การยึดดินแดนของคูแขงขัน / การสรางปอมปราการเพื่อปองกันตนเองจาก ขาศึก การเอาชนะคูแขงขันทางธุรกิจ / การกําหนดตําแหนงเพื่อปองกันการโจมตี จากคูแขงทางธุรกิจ  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Blue Ocean Strategies เปนอุตสาหกรรมที่ไมไดมีอยูในปจจุบันและไมรูวามีอยู เปนการสรางใหเกิดอุปสงค (Demand Creation) มีโอกาสสําหรับการเติบโตของกําไรอยางมากมาย การแขงขันไมใชประเด็นสําคัญ กฎทางการแขงขันยังไมไดมีการกําหนดที่ชัดเจน ไมใชคูแขงขันเปนเครื่องมือในการ Benchmarking

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Blue Ocean Strategies รูวาควรจะมี แตขาดเครื่องมือในการคิดและวิเคราะห เปนลักษณะของ Wishful Thinking ยอนกลับไป 30 หรือ 100 ป ที่ผานมา มีอุตสาหกรรมไหนบางที่ยังไม เกิด? อีก 20 ปขางหนา จะมีอุตสาหกรรมไหนบางที่จะเกิดขึ้นใหม? ปจจัยที่กอใหเกิด Blue Ocean Supply Exceeds Demand Commoditization of Products and Services • ความแตกตางระหวางตราสินคาเริ่มนอยลง • ผูบริโภคเลือกสินคาและบริการ โดยพิจารณาจากราคาเปนหลัก  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Red Ocean Versus Blue Ocean Strategy Red Ocean Strategy

Blue Ocean Strategy

Compete in existing market space

Create uncontested market space

Beat the competition

Make the competition irrelevant

Exploit existing demand

Create and capture new demand

Make the value-cost-trade-off

Break the value-cost trade-off

Align the whole system of a firm’s activities with its strategic choice of differentiation or low cost

Align the whole system of a firm’s activities in pursuit of differentiation and low cost

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Cirque du Soleil Canada’s largest cultural export กอตั้งในป 1984 โดยกลุมของ Street Performers แสดงใหผูชมกวา 40 ลานคน ในเกาสิบเมืองทั่วโลก มีระดับรายไดเทียบเทากับผูนําอยาง Ringling Bros. และ Barnum & Bailey เติบโตในธุรกิจที่ไมมีความนาสนใจ โอกาสเติบโตต่ํา อํานาจตอรองของดาราและผูชมสูง มีสินคาทดแทนมาก การตอตานการใชสัตวในละครสัตว  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Cirque du Soleil

ไมไดเติบโตจากการแยงลูกคาของละครสัตวเจาเดิมๆ เขาสูตลาดใหม ที่ทําใหคูแขงเดิมหมดความหมาย มุงจับลูกคากลุมใหม ไดแกผูใหญ ที่พรอมจะจายเงินในอัตราที่สูงกวาละครสัตวท่วั ๆ ไป

We Reinvent the Circus

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

What is it? • Street performers that specialize in circus arts •A combination of circus and theatre, appealing to adults audiences accustomed to paying high ticket prices

•Their show is unlike a regular circus as it contains no animals • Currently there are 3000 employees including 700 artists hailing from 40 countries speaking 25 languages.

An Original Market •They took creative risks and used original genius to create an entirely new form of entertainment “A typical day at the office for me begins by asking: What is impossible that I am going to do today?” – Daniel Lamarre

Motivation • Cirque produces 11 shows, performs each as many as 10 times per week, 52 weeks of the year. •Artists are recruited from Olympics, World Championship events, countries that specialize in aspect that Cirque requires • All 700 current artists and all new recruits have or will have completed 6 to 8 weeks of basic training boot camp and artists know that they must keep up all aspects of training. • Complacency is not an option as all artists must be able to comply with requirements for each show while maintaining their specialty.

An Extreme Job • Management teams still based in Montreal oversee shows currently running in Las Vegas, Orlando and ongoing European and North American tours. • The group is unafraid of taking risks • Their first out-of-country performance could have left them stranded in Los Angeles had it not been a success •They entrusted all of their creativity to one man, Franco Dragone, whose departure caused a need for quantum change. This event spawned some of their most creative new works.

“It’s part of who we are. Every time we come into a comfort zone, we find a way to get out, because being comfortable in our business is very, very dangerous” – Daniel Lamarre • The company has deals made to produce 4 new shows over the next 4 years including branching out to Japan • Cirque shows sell about 135,000 tickets per week and generate 550 to 600 million in revenues per year – 70% going back into development of new shows • Not bad for a group of street performers from Quebec that began 21 years ago

Conclusion • Cirque performers and management are extremely motivated to achieve a new personal best with every performance in each unique production • Proactive, quantum changes ensure that the company remains in their own blue ocean – an uncontested market. • The job descriptions of all employees constitute that on an extreme job.

Strategic Logic – Value Innovation ไมเนนแขงขัน ทําใหคูแขงลาสมัย สรางคุณคาใหเกิดขึ้นกับทั้งองคกรและผูซื้อ

ใหความสําคัญตอทั้ง Value และ Innovation มี Value แตไมมี Innovation • เพิ่มคุณคาทีละนิด ทีละหนอย • เพิ่มคุณคาจริง แตไมทําใหโดดเดน

มี Innovation แตไมมี Value • มุงเนนเทคโนโลยี (Futuristic) • นําเสนอสิ่งที่เกินความคาดหวังและความพรอมที่จะจายของลูกคา  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Value Innovation คุณคา (Value) ที่นําเสนอนั้น จะทําให ตนทุนขององคกรต่ําลง (การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสรางตนทุน) • ลด หรือ เลิกในปจจัยบางประการที่แขงขันกันอยูในปจจุบัน

คุณคาที่ลูกคาจะไดรับเพิ่มขึ้น • ใส หรือ เพิ่ม ในปจจัยบางอยางทีอ่ ุตสาหกรรมไมเคยนําเสนอ

Value Innovation = Differentiation + Low Cost Value Creation ลูกคา องคกร  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Value Innovation: The Cornerstone of Blue Ocean Strategy Costs

The Simultaneous Pursuit of Differentiation And Low Cost

Value Innovation

Buyer Value

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Value Innovation Different assumptions about strategy Less successful firms: staying ahead of competition • Focusing on matching and beating their rivals • Strategies tend to converge along the same basic dimension of competition • Competing on the basis of incremental improvements in cost or quality or both

High-growth firms: paid little attention to beating rivals, sought to make competitors irrelevant through value innovation  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Value Innovators Monitor competitors but do not use them as benchmarks Do not focus on competing Do not offer certain product and service features just because that is what their rivals are doing Must not be constrained by what it already has. It must ask, what would we do if we were starting anew? Think in terms of the total solution customer’s seek, even if that is beyond industry’s traditional offerings

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Cirque du Soleil กลยุทธที่ละครสัตวเจาอื่นๆ ใช Benchmarking one another Maximizing share of shrinking demand Secure more famous clowns and lion tamers • Raised cost structure without raising revenues

สิ่งที่ Cirque du Soleil นําเสนอ Fun and thrill of circus Intellectual sophistication and artistic richness of the theater Breaking the boundaries of theater and circus Circus customers and circus non-customers (adult theater customers)  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Cirque du Soleil สิ่งที่ Cirque du Soleil ลดลงจากละครสัตวเจาอื่นๆ

Animal shows Hiring star performers Presenting multiple show arenas in the form of three rings

สิ่งที่ยังคงเหมือนละครสัตวปกติ Tent (glamorized the tent) Clowns Classic Acrobatic Acts

Non Circus Factors ที่มีเพิ่ม Story line and theme Intellectual richness Artistic music and dance

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Cirque du Soleil Offers the best of both circus and theater Eliminated or reduced everything else

Invented a new form of live entertainment Reduced cost structure Eliminating many of the most costly elements of the circus

ตั้งราคาเทียบเทา Theater เพื่อจับตลาดผูใหญ

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

เครื่องมือในการวิเคราะห Strategy Canvas

High

Other Airlines

Offerings

Southwest Car

Low Price

Lounges Friendly Frequent SeatingHub Meals service Speed departure connectivity choices

Four Actions Framework Eliminate – Reduce – Raise – Create Grid Test of a Good Strategy  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Strategy Canvas วัตถุประสงค

เพื่อทราบสภาวะการแขงขันของอุตสาหกรรมในปจจุบัน เพื่อทราบสิ่งที่บริษทั และคูแขงขันใหความสําคัญ เพื่อทราบปจจัยที่ใชในการแขงขัน เพื่อทราบถึงสิ่งที่ลูกคาไดรับจากคูแขงแตละราย ในปจจัยที่ใชในการแขงขัน

แกนนอน – ปจจัยที่ใชในการแขงขันในอุตสาหกรรม แกนตั้ง – ระดับการนําเสนอปจจัยนั้นๆ สิ่งที่ลูกคาไดรับ สิ่งที่บริษัทนําเสนอมาก หรือนอย สิ่งที่บริษัทลงทุนมาก หรือนอย ราคาที่สูง หรือต่ํา

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

What is a Value Curve? A graphic depiction of: a firm’s relative performance across its industry’s key success factors The way a firm or an industry configures its offering to customers

Conventional logic of competition: Industry’s value curve follows one basic shape Rivals try to improve value by offering a little more for a little less, but don’t challenge the shape of the curve

Successful firms: A combination of eliminating features, creating features, and reducing and raising others to levels unprecedented in their industries  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Strategy Canvas of Short-Haul Airline Industry High

Other Airlines

Offerings

Southwest Car

Low Price

Lounges Friendly Frequent Hub Seating Meals service Speed departure choices connectivity

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Monitoring Value Curve Once a company has created a new value curve Sooner or later, the competition tries to imitate it The basic shape of its value curve will begin to look just like its rivals

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Strategy Canvas of Body Shop High

The Body Shop Offerings

Cosmetics Industry

Low Price Packaging advertising  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

High-tech Glamorous science Image

Natural ingredients

Representation Of healthy living

The Strategy Canvas of Mobile Operator 10

Net work

package

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Services variety

Cust ser

tech

Channel

The Strategy Canvas of น้ําผลไม M.

10

1 price

Image

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

flavor

package

Adv

Promo

Dist / Channel

Creating a New Value Curve Four questions for creating a new value curve Which of the factors that our industry takes for granted should be eliminated? Which factors should be reduced well below the industry’s standard? Which factors should be raised well above the industry’s standard? Which factors should be created that the industry has never offered?  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Four Questions for Creating New Value Curve Which factors should be eliminated that the industry has taken for granted? Whether the factors that firms compete on actually deliver value to consumers Consumers value changes but firms focusing on competitor benchmarking do not perceive the change

What factors should be reduced well below the industry standard? Whether products/services have been over-designed in the race to match and beat competitors Over serves customer, increase cost structure with no gain  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Four Questions for Creating New Value Curve (cont) What factors should be raised well beyond the industry standard? To uncover and eliminate the compromises their industry forces customers to make

What factors should be created that the industry has never offered? To break out of the industry’s established boundaries to discover entirely new sources of value or create new demand to consumers  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

The Four Actions Framework Reduce Which factors should be reduced well below the industry’s standard?

Eliminate Which of the factors that the industry takes for granted should be eliminated?

A New Value Curve

Raise Which factors should be raised well above the industry’s standard?  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Create Which factors should be created that the industry has never offered?

Value Innovation Drop Cost Structure Eliminate Which of the factors that the industry takes for granted should be eliminated?

Reduce Which factors should be reduced well below the industry’s standard?

Lift Buyer Value and Create New Demand Raise

Create

Which factors should be raised well above the industry’s standard?

Which factors should be created that the industry has never offered?

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid

พยายามตอบทั้งสี่คําถาม เพื่อสราง Value Curve ใหม เพื่อใหเกิดทั้ง Differentiation และ Low Cost หลีกเลี่ยงปญหา การมุงเนนแต Raising และ Creating  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid Eliminate

Raise

Reduce

Create

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid: The case of Cirque du Soleil Eliminate Star performers Animal shows Aisle concession sales Multiple show arenas

Reduce Fun and humor Thrill and danger

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Raise Unique venue

Create Theme Refined environment Multiple productions Artistic music and dance

The Strategy Canvas of Cirque du Soleil Ringling Bros. And Barnum & Bailey High

Cirque de Soleil

Offerings

Smaller Regional

Low Price

Animal Star show Aisle Performers

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Multiple Show Arena

Fun humor Thrills danger

Theme Artistic Unique Music and Dance venue

U.S. Wine Industry Third largest aggregate consumption of wine worldwide California wines dominate the domestic market, 2/3 of all U.S. wine market 31 first place in world per capita wine consumption Top eight companies produce more than 75% of wine in U.S. Consolidation of retailers and distributors across U.S. Face intense competition Mounting price pressure Increasing bargaining power of retail and distribution Flat demand

The industry is not attractive  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

The Strategy Canvas of U.S. Wine Industry High

Premium wine

Offerings

Budget wine

Low Price

Above the Vineyard Wine mktg Wine range Prestige complexity Aging Wine range legacy quality

Terminology Line Wine communication

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Casella Wines, Australia How to make a fun and nontraditional wine that’s easy to drink to everyone? Demand side for beer, spirits, and RTD cocktails Wine = Turnoff, intimidating, too complex [yellow tail] = social drink accessible to everyone: beer drinkers, cocktail drinkers Fastest growing brand in the history of U.S. and Australia wine industries #1 imported wine into U.S. #1 red wine sold in U.S.  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

[yellow tail] No promotional campaign, mass media, consumer advertising Didn’t steal sales from competition, it grew a new market non-wine drinkers into wine market

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

[yellow tail] Create

Easy to drink Easy to select: one white and one red Fun and adventure

Eliminated or reduced

Uncomplicated wine structure Soft in taste and approachable like RTD cocktails and beer

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Eliminate-Reduce-Raise-Create Grid: The Case of [yellow tail] Eliminate Enological terminology and distinctions Aging qualities Above-the-line marketing

Reduce Wine complexity Wine range Vineyard prestige

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Raise Price versus budget wines Retail store involvement

Create Easy drinking Ease of selection Fun and adventure

The Strategy Canvas of U.S. Wine Industry [yellow tail]

High

Premium wine

Offerings

Budget wine

Low Price

Above the Vineyard Wine Fun & mktg Easy Prestige complexity Adventure Aging drinking Ease of legacy Wine range Selection quality

Terminology Line Wine communication

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Test of a Good Strategy Focus

ไมมุงเนนความพยายามลงไปในทุกปจจัย Value Curve ควรจะแสดงใหเห็นวามุงเนนในจุดไหน Southwest: friendly service, speed, frequent departure

Divergence

แตกตางจากผูอื่นในอุตสาหกรรม

Compelling Tagline

Clear Strategic Profile Deliver Clear Message Southwest: the speed of a plane at a price of a car – when ever you need it

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Value Curve บอกใหรูถึงอะไรบาง? องคกรมีกลยุทธที่เหมาะสมหรือไม? Lack Focus • โครงสรางตนทุนที่สงู • ธุรกิจมีความสลับซับซอน (Complex Business Model)

Lack Divergence • Me-too strategy

Lack Compelling Tagline • No Commercial Potential

Caught in the Red Ocean • Value Curves เหมือนกับคูแขงขันรายอื่นๆ

Over delivery • Value Curve สูงในทุกปจจัย – สวนแบงตลาด และกําไร สะทอนภาพสิ่งที่ไดลงทุนหรือไม?  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Formulating Blue Ocean Strategy Reconstruct Market Boundaries Focus on the Big Picture, Not the Numbers Reach Beyond Existing Demand Get the Strategic Sequence Right

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Reconstruct Market Boundaries Looking at old data with new perspective Challenge 6 fundamental assumptions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Define industry and focus on being the best within it Look at industries through strategic group Focus on same buyer group Define scope of products and services offered by industry similarly Accept industry functional or emotional orientation Focus on the same point in time in formulating strategy

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Six Path Frameworks: Path 1 Look Across Alternative Industries Companies compete with other industries produce alternative product or service Alternative broader than substitute

Alternative Different functions and forms but the same purpose • cinema vs restaurant • mobile phone and internet

Every purchase decision Buyers implicitly weigh alternatives, unconsciously

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Examples Accountant, Acctg software, pencil & paper = substitute Different forms but serve the same functions – help people manage financial affairs

Cinemas vs. Restaurants Different in forms and functions Serve the same objective: enjoy a night out

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 1 Look Across Alternative Industries Question? What are the alternative industries to your industry? Why do customers trade across them?

Focus on key factors that lead buyers to trade across  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 2 Look Across Strategic Groups Within Industries Strategic group Group of companies within an industry that pursue similar strategy

Strategic groups normally ranked by price and performance most companies focus on improving competition position within a strategic group

Example Toyota's Lexus  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 2 Look Across Strategic Groups Within Industries Question What are the strategic groups in your industry? Why do they trade up? Why do they trade down?

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 3 Look Across the Chain of Buyers Directly or indirectly involved in the buying decision Purchasers • Pay for the product and service

Users Influencers

Questioning conventional definitions of who can and should be the target buyer Examples Pharmaceutical - influencers Office equipment - purchasers  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 3 Look Across the Chain of Buyers Question What is the chain of buyers in your industry? Which buyer group does your industry focus on?

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 4 Look Across Complementary Product and Service Offerings To think What happens before, during, and after your product is used?

Examples Borders / Barnes & Noble

Question What is the context in which your p/s is used? What happens before, during, and after?  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 5 Look Across Functional or Emotional Appeal to Buyers Industries normally compete on Price and function - rational Feelings – emotional

Result of

Way companies compete in the past Unconsciously educated consumers on what to expect

Overtime

Functionally oriented - become more functionally oriented Emotionally - become more emotionally

Challenge

Functional - Emotional orientation

Example

Swatch - from functionally driven budget watch industry to emotionally driven fashion statement Bodyshop - from emotionally to functional, no-nonsense cosmetics

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 5 Look Across Functional or Emotional Appeal to Buyers Question Does your industry compete on functionality or emotional appeal? Emotional appeal • What elements can you strip out to make it functional?

Functionality • What elements can be added to make it emotional?  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 6 Look Across Time All industries subject to external trends affect their businesses overtime Most firms Adapt incrementally and passively Normally projecting the trend

Blue ocean Insights how the trend will change value to customers and impact company's business model Looking across time • value market delivers today • value it might deliver tomorrow  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Path 6 Look Across Time Example Apple's iTunes

Question What trends have a high probability of impacting your industry, are irreversible and are evolving in a clear trajectory?  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

From Head-to-Head Competition to Blue Ocean Creation Head-to-Head Competition

Blue Ocean Creation

Industry

Focuses on rivals within its industry

Looks across alternatives industries

Strategic Group

Focuses on competitive position within strategic group

Looks across strategic groups within industry

Buyer Group

Focuses on better serving the buyer group

Redefines the industry buyer group

Scope of product or service offering

Focuses on maximizing the value of product and service offerings within the bounds of its industry

Looks across to complementary product and service offerings

Functionalemotional orientation

Focuses on improving price performance within he functionalemotional orientation of its industry

Rethinks the functionalemotional orientation of its industry

Time

Focuses on adapting to external trends as they occur

Participants in shaping external trends over time

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Focus on the Big Picture, Not the Numbers

กระบวนการวางแผนกลยุทธแบบดั้งเดิม

เอื้อตอการแขงขันใน Red Ocean วิเคราะหอุตสาหกรรม – หาหนทางเพิ่มสวนแบงตลาด – กําหนดเปาหมาย และแนวทางในการบรรลุเปาหมาย ใชเวลาสวนใหญในการ • กรอกแบบฟอรม • วิเคราะหตัวเลข

ทําใหบุคลากรสวนใหญไมเขาใจในกลยุทธ แผนหลายๆ แผนไมไดมีกลยุทธ แตเปนการรวมแผนปฏิบัติการเขาไวดวยกัน  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Focus on the Big Picture, Not the Numbers

กระบวนการวางแผนกลยุทธแบบใหม Collective wisdom building

• more than top-down, bottom-up planning

Building the big picture • than number crunching

Creative component • not strictly analysis-driven

Motivational • not bargaining driven

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

ใชประโยชนจาก Strategic Canvas Strategic Canvas shows strategic profile of an industry show strategic profile of current and potential competitors identify which factors they invest in shows the company strategic profile

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

The Four Steps of Visualizing Strategy 1. Visual Awakening

2. Visual Exploration

3. Visual Strategy Fair 4. Visual Communication

Compare your business with your competitors’ by drawing your ‘as is’ strategy canvas. See where your strategy needs to change.

Go into the field to explore the six paths to creating blue oceans. Observe the distinctive advantages of alternative products and services. See which factors you should eliminate, create, or change.

Draw your ‘to be’ strategy canvas based on insights from field observations. (6 curve) Get feedback on alternative strategy canvasses from customers, competitors’ customers, and non customers. Use feedback to build the best ‘to be’ future strategy.

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Distribute your before-and-after strategic profiles on one page for easy comparison. Support only those projects and operational moves that allow your company to close the gaps to actualize the new strategy.

PMS Pioneer - offer unprecedented value blue ocean strategist source for profitable growth

Settler - value curve conform basic shape of the industry me-too business stuck in red ocean

Migrator - lies between improved value but not innovative value  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Testing the Growth Potential of a Portfolio of Businesses v

Pioneers

Migrators

Settlers

Today  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Tomorrow

Reach Beyond Existing Demand Challenge focus on existing customers drive for finer segmentation

Three Tiers of Non-customers First tier • closest to market • minimally purchase – necessity but mentally non-customer of the industry – upon finding any better alternative, eagerly jump ship

Second tier • refuse to use industry's offering – unacceptable or beyond their means

Third tier • never though of your market's offering as an option  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

The Three Tiers of Noncustomers

First Tier Your Market

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Second Tier

Third Tier

The Sequence of Blue Ocean Strategy Compelling reason to buy?

Buyer Utility Is there exceptional buyer utility in your business idea?

No - Rethink

Yes

Price Is your price easily accessible to the mass of buyers?

No - Rethink

Yes Don’t let cost drive price or scale utility down

Resistance from retailers or partners

Cost Can you attain your cost target to profit at your strategic price?

No - Rethink

Yes

Adoption What are the adoption hurdles in actualizing your business idea? Are you addressing them up front? Yes

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

A commercially viable Blue Ocean Idea

No - Rethink

The Four Organizational Hurdles to Waking employees Strategy Execution up, why rock the Cognitive Hurdle Resources being cut

boat?

An organization wedded to the status quo

Political Hurdle Opposition from powerful vested interest

Resource Hurdle Limited resources

Motive key players to move fast  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Motivational Hurdle Unmotivated staff

Tipping Point Leadership In every org there are people, acts, and activities exercise a disproportionate influence on performance to change the mass focuses on transforming the extreme

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Tipping Point Leadership Cognitive Hurdle Make people see and experience harsh reality first hand, seeing is believing

Resource Hurdle Multiply value of the resources. Hotspot – low resource input, high potential performance gain

Motivational Hurdle Kingpins (key influencers) – natural leaders, well respected and persuasive, ability to unlock key resource. Kingpins in a Fishbowl - shine a spotlight on their actions in a repeated and highly visible way

Political Hurdle Leveraging angels, silencing devils, insiders  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Build Execution into Strategy Create a culture of trust and commitment motivate people to execute the agreed strategy

Fair process - creating people buy-in people will cooperate voluntarily going beyond the call for duty

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Build Execution into Strategy Three E Principles Engagement – • involving individuals in the strategic decisions • asking for input

Explanation • everyone involved and affected should understand • why final strategic decision are made

Clarity of Expectation • Managers state clearly the new rules of the game • People should know – what standards they will be judged penalties for failure – what are the goals of the new strategy?

 2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

เปรียบเทียบระหวางแนวคิดการบริหารกลยุทธ Issues

Existing Framework

Blue Ocean Strategy

การวิเคราะห

Portfolio

Within existing industry scope: 5 force, life cycle, KSF Either differentiation or cost leadership BCG, GE, Portfolio

Breakout of industry scope: value curve, 4 actions Both differentiation and low cost Today – Tomorrow

Execution

Transforming the mass

Transforming the extremes

Business Strategy

กระบวนการวางแผน Number Crunching กลยุทธ  2006 Pasu Decharin, Ph.D. All rights reserved

Building the big picture

คําถามครับ?

รศ.ดร.พสุ เดชะรินทร คณะพาณิชยศาสตรและการบัญชี จุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย www.pasuonline.net [email protected] ขอบพระคุณครับ

Blue Ocean Strategy May 2006

Strategy, Value Innovation, and the Knowledge Economy – SMR 1999 ... Action Plan / ..... [yellow tail] = social drink accessible to everyone: beer drinkers, ... No promotional campaign, mass media, consumer ... Above-the-line marketing ...

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