< h a s b l k l i s t r d f : r e s o u r c e=”# d o c u m e n t 1 b o d y m a t t e r 1 c h a p t e r 1 s e c t i o n 6 p a r 2 e x a m p l e 1 p a r 1 b l k l i s t 1 ”/> (Hadamard−−M a t r i z e n d e r Ordnung 2ˆm)

\ l e f t ( \ b e g i n { a r r a y }{ c } +1 \ end { a r r a y }\ r i g h t ) und S 1 :=\ l e f t ( \ b e g i n { a r r a y }{ c c } +1 +1 \\ +1 −1 \ end { a r r a y }\ r i g h t ) sind Hadamard−−M a t r i z e n . F¨ u r m \ geq 1 b e t r a c h t e man den Vektorraum V:=\ F 2 ˆm n :=2ˆm v i e l e n Elemente von V i n e i n e r f e s t e n Weise a n g e o r d n e t und s e t z e n f u ¨ r a , b \ in V amp ; ( −1) ˆ{ ab ˆ\ t o p }

Wir denken uns d i e H( a , b ) & ; := &

H i e r d u r c h w i r d e i n e n \ t i m e s n−Matrix H mit E i n t r ¨ a g e n +1 o d e r −1 bestimmt . F¨ ur a \ i n V i s t \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V}H( a , c )H( c , a )=\sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V}( −1) ˆ{ ac ˆ\ t o p+ca ˆ\ t o p}=n . I s t a \ n o t= b , s o i s t ( a+b ) ( i )=1 f u ¨ r wenigstens ein i \ i n \N m . B e z e i c h n e n w i r den i −t e n E i n h e i t s v e k t o r von V mit e i , s o e r h a l t e n w i r \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V}H( a , c )H( c , b )=\sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V} ( −1) ˆ { ( a+b ) c ˆ\ t o p }=\ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V \ wedge c ( i ) =0} \ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} (( −1) ˆ { ( a+b ) c ˆ\ t o p } + ( −1) ˆ { ( a+b ) ( c+ e i ) ˆ\ t o p } )=\h s p a c e ∗{−1em} \ sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V \ wedge c ( i ) =0} \ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} 0=0. A l s o i s t H Hˆ\ t o p = n E n und f o l g l i c h H e i n e Hadamard−−Matrix . 2ˆm . . . .

81

5.11. TESTING SOLUTIONS WITH AN EXAMPLE

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102

document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section6 par2 example1 par1 H i e r d u r c h w i r d e i n e n \ t i m e s n−Matrix H mit E i n t r ¨ agen o d e r −1 bestimmt . . . . . H Hˆ\ t o p = n E n H

5.11.2.2

b l k l i s t 1 i t e m 2 ”/>

blklist1 item2 par4 m1

blklist1 item2 par4 m2

blklist1 item2 par4 m3

blklist1 item2 par4 m4

+1

blklist1 item2 par7 m1

blklist1 item2 par7

blklist1 item2 par7 m2

blklist1 item2 par7

Visualization of an Element

In this part, the visualization aspects of document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section6 par2 example1 is demonstrated. In this case, a small LATEX file, listing 5.9, using main LATEX source file is generated. Listing 5.9: LATEX Source of Example 1 2 3 4 5 6

\ documentclass { report } \ u s e p a c k a g e { german } \ u s e p a c k a g e {amssymb} \ include { epsf } \ s e t l e n g t h {\ p a r i n d e n t }{0em}

82

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

CHAPTER 5. IMPLEMENTATION

\ s e t l e n g t h {\ p a r s k i p } { 1 . 5 ex } \ newcounter { b l k c o u n t e r } [ s e c t i o n ] \newcommand{\ newblk } [ 2 ] % {\ newenvironment {#1}[1]{% \renewcommand {\ t h e b l k c o u n t e r }{\ a r a b i c { c h a p t e r } . \ a r a b i c { s e c t i o n } . \ a r a b i c { b l k c o u n t e r }}% \ r e f s t e p c o u n t e r { b l k c o u n t e r}% {\ b f \ t h e b l k c o u n t e r \ v s p a c e { 0 . 5 em} #2.}% {\ h s p a c e ∗ { 0 . 5 em}\em##1}\\∗[\ p a r s k i p ]}% {\ v s p a c e ∗ { 4 . 5 ex }}} \ newcounter { b l k l i s t c o u n t e r } [ b l k c o u n t e r ] \ newenvironment { b l k l i s t }% {\ b e g i n { l i s t }{{\ b f ( \ a l p h { b l k l i s t c o u n t e r } )}}% {\ renewcommand {\ t h e b l k l i s t c o u n t e r }{\ t h e b l k c o u n t e r ( \ a l p h { b l k l i s t c o u n t e r } )}% \ u s e c o u n t e r { b l k l i s t c o u n t e r }\ p a r s e p 1 . 5 ex \ i t e m s e p 0 e x \ t o p s e p 0 e x \ p a r t o p s e p 0 e x }}% {\ end { l i s t }} \ newenvironment { p r o o f}% {{\ b f Beweis .}}% {\ h s p a c e ∗{\ f i l l } $ \Box$\ v s p a c e ∗{3 ex }} \ newblk { c o r o l l a r y }{ K o r o l l a r } \ newblk { c o n j e c t u r e }{ Vermutung} \ newblk { d e f i n i t i o n }{ D e f i n i t i o n } \ newblk { example }{ B e i s p i e l } \ newblk {lemma}{Lemma} \ newblk { theorem }{ S a t z } \newcommand{\ defem }{\em} \newcommand{\C}{\ mathbb{C}} \newcommand{\F}{\ mathbb{F}} \newcommand{\N}{\ mathbb{N}} \newcommand{\Q}{\ mathbb{Q}} \newcommand{\R}{\ mathbb{R}} \newcommand{\Z}{\ mathbb{Z}} \newcommand{\ g g t }{\mbox{ g g t }} \newcommand{\ Kern }{\mbox{ Kern }} \newcommand{\mod}{\mbox{mod}} \newcommand{\ supp }{\mbox{ supp }} \newcommand{\ wt }{\mbox{wt }} \newcommand{\ m l d e r r }{\ h s p a c e ∗ { 0 . 3 em}{\ s c r i p t s t y l e ?}\ h s p a c e ∗{ −0.70em}\ b i g c i r c } \newcommand{\DONOTTEX} [ 1 ] { } \ b e g i n { document } \ b e g i n { example } { ( Hadamard−−M a t r i z e n d e r Ordnung $2 ˆm$) } \ v s p a c e ∗{ −4.5 ex } \ l a b e l { hadaexa } \ begin { b l k l i s t } \ item $ \ l e f t ( \ b e g i n { a r r a y }{ c } +1 \ end { a r r a y }\ r i g h t ) $ und $ S 1 :=\ l e f t ( \ b e g i n { a r r a y }{ c c } +1 +1 \\ +1 −1 \ end { a r r a y }\ r i g h t ) $ sind Hadamard−−M a t r i z e n . \ item F\” ur $m \ geq 1 $ b e t r a c h t e man den Vektorraum $V:=\ F 2 ˆm$ Wir denken uns d i e $n :=2ˆm$ v i e l e n Elemente von $V$ i n e i n e r f e s t e n Weise a n g e o r d n e t und s e t z e n f \” ur $a , b \ i n V$ \ b e g i n { e q n a r r a y ∗} H( a , b ) & := & ( −1) ˆ{ ab ˆ\ t o p } \ end { e q n a r r a y ∗} H i e r d u r c h w i r d e i n e $n \ t i m e s n$−Matrix $H$ mit E i n t r \” agen $+1$ o d e r $−1$ bestimmt .

5.11. TESTING SOLUTIONS WITH AN EXAMPLE

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96

83

F\” ur $a \ i n V$ i s t $ \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V}H( a , c )H( c , a ) $ $=$ $ \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V}( −1) ˆ{ ac ˆ\ t o p+ca ˆ\ t o p } $ $=$ $n$ . I s t $a \ n o t= b$ , s o i s t $ ( a+b ) ( i )=1$ f \” ur w e n i g s t e n s e i n $ i \ i n \N m$ . B e z e i c h n e n w i r den $ i $ −t e n E i n h e i t s v e k t o r von $V$ mit $ e i $ , s o e r h a l t e n w i r $ \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V}H( a , c )H( c , b ) $ $=$ $ \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V} ( −1) ˆ { ( a+b ) c ˆ\ t o p } $ $=$ $ \ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V \ wedge c ( i ) =0} \ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} (( −1) ˆ { ( a+b ) c ˆ\ t o p } + ( −1) ˆ { ( a+b ) ( c+ e i ) ˆ\ t o p } ) $ $=$ $ \ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} \sum\ l i m i t s { c \ i n V \ wedge c ( i ) =0} \ h s p a c e ∗{−1em} 0 $ $=$ $0$ . A l s o i s t $H Hˆ\ t o p = n E n$ und f o l g l i c h $H$ e i n e Hadamard−−Matrix . \ end { b l k l i s t } \ end { example } \ end { document }

Figure 5.24 demonstrates the output PDF file of the example element that was generated using pdflatex from the source code in listing 5.9.

Figure 5.24: A Sample Example from Codes and Design Document

84

5.12

CHAPTER 5. IMPLEMENTATION

Discussion and Conclusion

In this chapter, I discussed implementation issues of my thesis. Additionally, I described the way that I developed latex2rdf application. I used IBM Rational Unified Process as software development process and made the application in several iterations. I explained the features that were added in each iteration and also the required time for each iteration. Two general approaches for generating RDQL queries (dynamic and static) have been described. The application has a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that has been developed using Java Swing technologies. I described different parts of GUI and its structure and relations. I explained the structure of output folders, the place where results will be stored into them. I covered configuration issues of latex2rdf and its configuration structure and the role of each element in configuration file. I presented suitable sequences for a better understanding of the processes of use cases. In this chapter, different parts of source code, packages and classes have been also described. I introduced main tools and packages that I employed during my work. Finally, I presented an example and demonstrated different parts of application during presentation of example.

Chapter 6

Summary

In my M.Sc. thesis, Building a Gateway from Text Editing in LATEX to RDF, I developed several algorithms and one application for generating RDF from LATEX documents. This application can be imagined as a black box with several kinds of input and output. The input can be a LATEX source file, an XML file or a query and the output would be RDF document, XSL-FO file, several small LATEX documents, PDF files, generated dynamic queries and the result of execution of queries. At beginning of my thesis, I never used LATEX typesetting system for preparing my reports and documents and my knowledge about this typesetting system was limited. Firstly, I understood its architecture and commands and got familiar with its environments and tools. In this period, I learned a lot about LATEX and its architecture. I also checked, whether there exist some tools in this domain that can help me. I found latex2xml, as a free LATEX to XML converter, and I used it in my work. One of the main tasks in my thesis was making a RDF document form A L TEX source file. However, the way that I developed for generating RDF from LATEX is not unique, but I think it is an efficient way for it. In my proposed approach, the process would be generating XML from LATEX source file and transforming this XML into RDF via XSL templates. One of the main problems during generating RDF rose due to dynamic structure and nature of LATEX and therefore generated XML; because it is clear that the grammar of LATEX documents is very complex and hard to manage. That means XSL templates can not be developed statically, because it is very inefficient and offers developing a huge number of XSL templates. In my proposed approach that I have presented it in this thesis, XSL templates would be generated dynamically. This approach is easily extensible. XSL templates would be generated according to XML and by means of configuration file. Generating a 85

86

CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY

meaningful URI for each element was another problem. This problem has been addressed by means of static XSL templates that generate unique meaningful ID for each element. For this purpose, an XSL template gets parents, grandparents, parents of grandparents etc. of an element and produces a meaningful unique ID for an element using the names of its ancestors and their orders in the document. The generated RDF is based on an ontology, called LATEX document ontology, that I developed it during my thesis. However, this ontology does not contain all possible LATEX commands in a document, but it includes a reasonable subset of LATEX commands that is used commonly in LATEX documents. This ontology defines LATEX commands as concepts and if there exists a possibility for a command to be appeared inside another command, there exists also a property indicating this relationship. After generating RDF, I provided a dynamic approach for generating RDQL queries from RDF. These queries can be categorized into two main classes: element queries and numeric queries. In element queries, the main idea is getting a specific or desired element from LATEX document. Numeric queries are based on number of results. In other words, they count the number of occurrence of an element in document. Due to lack of COUNT() and/or similar functions in RDQL specification, I proposed a protocol for COUNT() function and that is adding a special character (#) at front of a query. In my work, I also generated some general purpose RDQL queries. These static queries can be applied for many documents. After generating queries, end users are able to load them into main Graphical User Interface (GUI) and execute them against RDF. End users can themselves write their own RDQL/SPARQL queries and execute them. There exists also another way for making a query. This approach is suitable for users, who are not familiar with RDQL queries, but they know the structure of generated RDF document. In other words, this kind of queries is specified by the ID of elements and end users type only the desired ID, and latex2rdf will transform it into a RDQL query and execute it. After execution of a query, the results will be presented in GUI and also in a separate frame. For visualization aspects, I presented a dynamic approach for generating XSLFO from LATEX documents. This approach is very similar to the already described method for generating RDF from LATEX source documents. XSL-FO files can be converted to other user-friendly formats like HTML or PDF using different tools and packages. I chose PDF for visualization part, because it is portable and easy to handle. Additionally, there exists also a vast number of tools for generating PDF files. For this purpose, two approaches have been proposed; the first one was using a third party package called Apache FOP and the other was pdflatex. The first approach is fast and secure, but the visualization is not clear. In other words, Apache FOP does not understand LATEX commands and they will be put in output PDF file with no care of semantic parts of commands. The other

87

approach uses pdflatex as a tool for generating PDF files. It is not as fast as first approach, but the visualization is much better than first one. For this approach, some text processing algorithms were developed. The text processing algorithms for generating PDF files using pdflatex aim to find a desired part in source file by aid of LATEX source and XSL-FO document. Some important issues were handling verbatim environments and comments in source file and also finding a specified chapter and section in it. latex2rdf is the name that I chose for my application, as it acts like a converter from LATEX to RDF. I should mention that this name does not reflect all functionalities of latex2rdf. latex2rdf has been developed using Java programming language, therefore it is platform-independent. latex2rdf has been developed and tested under Windows XP Service Pack II. latex2rdf is configurable by aid of an XML configuration file. Some issues like output (RDF, XSL-FO) configuration, path to pdflatex application, path to source required files, path of JDK 1.4 and so on can be configured by aid of configuration file. latex2rdf offers a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that contains all functionalities of it. The GUI is based on Java Swing technologies. The GUI contains also a status box (window). This window acts as a one-way user interaction message window. If something happens or a problem exists, this box will be updated. As extensions to latex2rdf application, I plan to add several extra features to it. Some features like updating the LATEX document ontology automatically, if there exists a new command; and auto-configuration of latex2xml are two cool capabilities that I have thought about. These features can help end users to have a more comfortable experience with latex2rdf. Finally, I would like to say that during my thesis, I learned much in different domains. I got a more detailed understanding regarding RDF and XSL-FO; I got familiar with LATEX typesetting system and many tools and packages that I have never used before.

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Appendices

93

Appendix A

General Example

In this appendix, I present an example regarding the whole process, from LATEX source file to RDF and XSL-FO. Listing A.1 demonstrates a sample LATEX document. This document will be translated to XML. Listing A.1: A sample TeX file 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

% T h i s i s a sample LaTeX i n p u t f i l e . ( V e r s i o n o f 11 A p r i l 1 9 9 4 . ) % % A ’% ’ c h a r a c t e r c a u s e s TeX t o i g n o r e a l l r e m a i n i n g t e x t on t h e l i n e , % and i s u s e d f o r comments l i k e t h i s one . \ documentclass { a r t i c l e }

% S p e c i f i e s t h e document c l a s s

\ t i t l e {An Example Document} \ a u t h o r { L e s l i e Lamport } \ d a t e { January 2 1 , 1994}

% % % %

The p r e a m b l e b e g i n s h e r e . D e c l a r e s t h e document ’ s t i t l e . D e c l a r e s t h e a u t h o r ’ s name . D e l e t i n g t h i s command p r o d u c e s today ’ s d a t e .

\newcommand{\ i p } [ 2 ] { ( # 1 , #2)} % D e f i n e s \ i p { a r g 1 }{ a r g 2 } t o mean % ( arg1 , a r g 2 ) . %\newcommand{\ i p } [ 2 ] { \ l a n g l e #1 | #2\ r a n g l e } % T h i s i s an a l t e r n a t i v e d e f i n i t i o n % \ i p t h a t i s commented o u t .

of

\ b e g i n { document }

% End o f p r e a m b l e and b e g i n n i n g o f t e x t .

\ maketitle

% Produces the

title .

T h i s i s an example i n p u t f i l e . Comparing i t w i t h t h e o u t p u t i t g e n e r a t e s can show you how t o p r o d u c e a s i m p l e document o f your own . \ s e c t i o n { O r d i n a r y Text }

% Produces s e c t i o n heading . Lower−l e v e l % s e c t i o n s a r e begun w i t h s i m i l a r % \ s u b s e c t i o n and \ s u b s u b s e c t i o n commands .

The e n d s o f words and s e n t e n c e s a r e marked by spaces . It doesn ’ t m a t t e r how many spaces you t y p e ; one i s a s good a s 1 0 0 . The end o f a l i n e counts as a space . One

o r more

blank l i n e s denote the

end

95

96

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108

of

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

a paragraph .

S i n c e any number o f c o n s e c u t i v e s p a c e s a r e t r e a t e d l i k e a s i n g l e one , t h e f o r m a t t i n g o f t h e i n p u t f i l e makes no d i f f e r e n c e t o \LaTeX , % The \LaTeX command g e n e r a t e s t h e LaTeX l o g o . but i t makes a d i f f e r e n c e t o you . When you u s e \LaTeX , making your i n p u t f i l e a s e a s y t o r e a d a s p o s s i b l e w i l l be a g r e a t h e l p a s you w r i t e your document and when you change i t . T h i s sample f i l e shows how you can add comments t o your own i n p u t file . B e c a u s e p r i n t i n g i s d i f f e r e n t from t y p e w r i t i n g , t h e r e a r e a number o f t h i n g s t h a t you have t o do d i f f e r e n t l y when p r e p a r i n g an i n p u t f i l e than i f you were j u s t t y p i n g t h e document d i r e c t l y . Q u o t a t i o n marks l i k e ‘ ‘ this ’ ’ have t o be h a n d l e d s p e c i a l l y , a s do q u o t e s w i t h i n quotes : ‘ ‘\ , ‘ this ’ % \ , s e p a r a t e s t h e d o u b l e and s i n g l e q u o t e . i s what I j u s t wrote , n o t ‘ that ’ \ , ’ ’ . Dashes come i n t h r e e s i z e s : an i n t r a −word dash , a medium dash f o r number r a n g e s 1−−2, and a p u n c t u a t i o n dash−−−l i k e this .

like

A s e n t e n c e −e n d i n g s p a c e s h o u l d be l a r g e r than t h e s p a c e between words w i t h i n a s e n t e n c e . You s o m e t i m e s have t o t y p e s p e c i a l commands i n c o n j u n c t i o n with punctuation c h a r a c t e r s to get t h i s right , as in the f o l l o w i n g sentence . Gnats , gnus , e t c . \ a l l % ‘ \ ’ makes an i n t e r −word s p a c e . b e g i n w i t h G\@. % \@ marks end−o f −s e n t e n c e p u n c t u a t i o n . You s h o u l d c h e c k t h e s p a c e s a f t e r p e r i o d s when r e a d i n g your o u t p u t t o make s u r e you haven ’ t f o r g o t t e n any s p e c i a l c a s e s . G e n e r a t i n g an ellipsis \ldots\ % ‘ \ ’ i s needed a f t e r ‘ \ l d o t s ’ b e c a u s e TeX % i g n o r e s s p a c e s a f t e r command names l i k e \ l d o t s % made from \ + l e t t e r s . % % Note how a ‘% ’ c h a r a c t e r c a u s e s TeX t o i g n o r e % t h e end o f t h e i n p u t l i n e , s o t h e s e b l a n k l i n e s % do n o t s t a r t a new p a r a g r a p h . % w i t h t h e r i g h t s p a c i n g around t h e p e r i o d s r e q u i r e s a s p e c i a l command . \LaTeX\ i n t e r p r e t s some common c h a r a c t e r s a s commands , s o you must t y p e s p e c i a l commands t o g e n e r a t e them . These c h a r a c t e r s i n c l u d e t h e following : \ $ \& \% \# \{ and \ } . I n p r i n t i n g , t e x t i s u s u a l l y e m p h a s i z e d w i t h an \emph{ i t a l i c } type s t y l e . \ b e g i n {em} A l o n g segment o f t e x t can a l s o be e m p h a s i z e d i n t h i s way . Text w i t h i n s u c h a segment can be g i v e n \emph{ a d d i t i o n a l } e m p h a s i s . \ end {em}

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109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178

I t i s s o m e t i m e s n e c e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t \LaTeX\ from b r e a k i n g a l i n e where i t might o t h e r w i s e do s o . T h i s may be a t a s p a c e , a s between t h e ‘ ‘ Mr . ’ ’ and ‘ ‘ Jones ’ ’ i n ‘ ‘ Mr . ˜ Jones ’ ’ , % ˜ p r o d u c e s an u n b r e a k a b l e i n t e r w o r d s p a c e . o r w i t h i n a word−−−e s p e c i a l l y when t h e word i s a symbol l i k e \mbox{\emph{itemnum }} t h a t makes l i t t l e s e n s e when hyphenated a c r o s s lines . F o o t n o t e s \ f o o t n o t e { T h i s i s an example o f a f o o t n o t e . } p o s e no problem . \LaTeX\ i s good a t t y p e s e t t i n g m a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s like \ ( x−3y + z = 7 \ ) or \ ( a {1} > x ˆ{2 n} + y ˆ{2 n} > x ’ \ ) or \ ( \ i p {A}{B} = \ sum { i } a { i } b { i } \ ) . The s p a c e s you t y p e i n a f o r m u l a a r e ignored . Remember t h a t a l e t t e r l i k e $x$ % $ . . . $ and \( . . . \) i s a f o r m u l a when i t d e n o t e s a m a t h e m a t i c a l symbol , and i t s h o u l d be t yped a s one .

are equivalent

\ s e c t i o n { D i s p l a y e d Text } Text i s d i s p l a y e d by i n d e n t i n g i t from t h e l e f t margin . Q u o t a t i o n s a r e commonly d i s p l a y e d . There are short quotations \ begin { quote } This i s a s h o r t a q u o t a t i o n . It consists of a s i n g l e paragraph o f t e x t . S e e how i t i s f o r m a t t e d . \ end { q u o t e } and l o n g e r o n e s . \ begin { quotation } This i s a l o n g e r q u o t a t i o n . I t c o n s i s t s o f two p a r a g r a p h s o f t e x t , n e i t h e r o f which a r e particularly interesting . This i s the second paragraph o f the q u o t a t i o n . It i s j u s t as d u l l as the f i r s t paragraph . \ end { q u o t a t i o n } Another f r e q u e n t l y −d i s p l a y e d s t r u c t u r e i s a l i s t . The f o l l o w i n g i s an example o f an \emph{ i t e m i z e d } list . \ begin { itemize } \ i t e m T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an i t e m i z e d l i s t . Each i t e m i n t h e l i s t i s marked w i t h a ‘ ‘ t i c k ’ ’ . You don ’ t have t o worry about what k i n d o f t i c k mark i s u s e d . \ item This i s the second item o f the l i s t . It contains another l i s t nested i n s i d e i t . The i n n e r l i s t i s an \emph{ enumerated } l i s t . \ b e g i n { enumerate } \ i t e m T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an enumerated l i s t that i s nested within the itemized l i s t . \ item This i s the second item o f the i n n e r l i s t . \LaTeX\ a l l o w s you t o n e s t l i s t s d e e p e r than you r e a l l y s h o u l d . \ end { enumerate } This i s the r e s t o f the second item o f the o u t e r list . I t i s no more i n t e r e s t i n g than any o t h e r part o f the item . \ item This i s the t h i r d item o f the l i s t .

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179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

\ end { i t e m i z e } You can even d i s p l a y p o e t r y . \ begin { verse } There i s an e n v i r o n m e n t f o r v e r s e \\ % The \\ command s e p a r a t e s Whose f e a t u r e s some p o e t s % w i t h i n a s t a n z a . w i l l curse . % One o r more b l a n k l i n e s

lines

separate stanzas .

For i n s t e a d o f making \\ Them do \emph{ a l l } l i n e b r e a k i n g , \\ I t a l l o w s them t o put t o o many words on a l i n e when they ’ d r a t h e r be f o r c e d t o be t e r s e . \ end { v e r s e } M a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s may a l s o be d i s p l a y e d . A displayed formula is one−l i n e l o n g ; m u l t i l i n e formulas require s p e c i a l formatting i n s t r u c t i o n s . \[ \ i p {\Gamma}{\ p s i ’ } = x ’ ’ + y ˆ{2} + z { i }ˆ{ n } \ ] Don ’ t s t a r t a p a r a g r a p h w i t h a d i s p l a y e d e q u a t i o n , n o r make one a p a r a g r a p h by i t s e l f . Here i s a sample t a b l e added by me : \ begin { tabular }{| l | | l |} TableHead1&TableHead2 \\ \ hline T e s t C e l l 1&T e s t C e l l 2 \\ T e s t C e l l 3&T e s t C e l l 4 \\ \ end { t a b u l a r } \ end { document }

% End o f document .

Listing A.2 shows the generated XML from source file using latex2xml. Listing A.2: XML File 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

T h i s i s an example i n p u t f i l e . Comparing i t w i t h t h e o u t p u t i t g e n e r a t e s can show you how t o p r o d u c e a s i m p l e document o f your own. O r d i n a r y Text The e n d s o f words and s e n t e n c e s a r e marked by spaces . It doesn ’ t m a t t e r how many spaces you t y p e ; one i s a s good a s 1 0 0 . The end o f a l i n e c o u n t s a s a s p a c e . One o r more blank l i n e s denote the end of a p a r a g r a p h . S i n c e any number o f c o n s e c u t i v e s p a c e s a r e t r e a t e d l i k e a s i n g l e one , t h e f o r m a t t i n g o f t h e i n p u t f i l e makes no d i f f e r e n c e t o , but i t makes a d i f f e r e n c e t o you . When you u s e , making your i n p u t f i l e a s e a s y t o r e a d a s p o s s i b l e w i l l be a g r e a t h e l p a s you w r i t e your document and when you change i t . T h i s sample f i l e shows how you can add comments t o your own i n p u t f i l e . B e ca u se p r i n t i n g i s d i f f e r e n t from t y p e w r i t i n g , t h e r e a r e a number o f t h i n g s t h a t you have t o do d i f f e r e n t l y when p r e p a r i n g an i n p u t f i l e than i f you were j u s t t y p i n g t h e document d i r e c t l y . Q u o t a t i o n marks l i k e ‘ ‘ this ’ ’ have t o be h a n d l e d s p e c i a l l y , a s do q u o t e s w i t h i n quotes : ‘ ‘\ , ‘ this ’ i s what I j u s t wrote , n o t ‘ that ’ \ , ’ ’ . Dashes come i n t h r e e s i z e s : an i n t r a −word

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43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

dash , a medium dash f o r number r a n g e s l i k e 1−−2, and a p u n c t u a t i o n dash−−−l i k e t h i s . A s e n t e n c e −e n d i n g s p a c e s h o u l d be l a r g e r than t h e s p a c e between words w i t h i n a s e n t e n c e . You s o m e t i m e s have t o t y p e s p e c i a l commands i n c o n j u n c t i o n with punctuation c h a r a c t e r s to get t h i s right , as in the f o l l o w i n g sentence . Gnats , gnus , e t c . a l l b e g i n w i t h G. You s h o u l d c h e c k t h e s p a c e s a f t e r p e r i o d s when r e a d i n g your o u t p u t t o make s u r e you haven ’ t f o r g o t t e n any s p e c i a l c a s e s . G e n e r a t i n g an ellipsis ... w i t h t h e r i g h t s p a c i n g around t h e p e r i o d s r e q u i r e s a s p e c i a l command. i n t e r p r e t s some common c h a r a c t e r s a s commands , s o you must t y p e s p e c i a l commands t o g e n e r a t e them . These c h a r a c t e r s i n c l u d e t h e following : \ $ \& ; \% \# \{ and \}. I n p r i n t i n g , t e x t i s u s u a l l y e m p h a s i z e d w i t h an i t a l i c t y p e s t y l e . A l o n g segment o f t e x t can a l s o be e m p h a s i z e d i n t h i s way . Text w i t h i n s u c h a segment can be g i v e n a d d i t i o n a l e m p h a s i s . I t i s s o m e t i m e s n e c e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t from b r e a k i n g a l i n e where i t might o t h e r w i s e do s o . T h i s may be a t a s p a c e , a s between t h e ‘ ‘ Mr . ’ ’ and ‘ ‘ Jones ’ ’ i n ‘ ‘ Mr . Jones ’ ’ , o r w i t h i n a word−−−e s p e c i a l l y when t h e word i s a symbol l i k e itemnum t h a t makes l i t t l e s e n s e when hyphenated a c r o s s l i n e s . F o o t n o t e s T h i s i s an example o f a f o o t n o t e . p o s e no problem . i s good a t t y p e s e t t i n g m a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s like $ x−3y + z = 7 $ or $ a {1} &g t ; x ˆ{2 n} + y ˆ{2 n} &g t ; x ’ $ or $ \ i p {A}{B} = \ sum { i } a { i } b { i } $. The s p a c e s you t y p e i n a f o r m u l a a r e ignored . Remember t h a t a l e t t e r l i k e $x$ i s a f o r m u l a when i t d e n o t e s a m a t h e m a t i c a l symbol , and i t s h o u l d be typed a s one . D i s p l a y e d TextText i s d i s p l a y e d by i n d e n t i n g i t from t h e l e f t margin . Q u o t a t i o n s a r e commonly d i s p l a y e d . There are short quotations This i s a s h o r t a q u o t a t i o n . It consists of a s i n g l e paragraph o f t e x t . S e e how i t i s f o r m a t t e d . and l o n g e r o n e s . This i s a l o n g e r q u o t a t i o n . I t c o n s i s t s o f two p a r a g r a p h s o f t e x t , n e i t h e r o f which a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t i n g . This i s the second paragraph o f the quotation . It i s j u s t as d u l l as the f i r s t paragraph . Another f r e q u e n t l y −d i s p l a y e d s t r u c t u r e i s a l i s t . The f o l l o w i n g i s an example o f an i t e m i z e d list . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an i t e m i z e d l i s t . Each i t e m i n t h e l i s t i s marked w i t h a ‘ ‘ t i c k ’ ’ . You don ’ t have t o worry about what k i n d o f t i c k

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92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

mark i s u s e d . T h i s i s t h e s e c o n d i t e m o f t h e list . It contains another l i s t nested i n s i d e i t . The i n n e r l i s t i s an enumerated l i s t . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an enumerated l i s t t h a t i s n e s t e d w i t h i n t h e i t e m i z e d l i s t . < item>T h i s i s t h e s e c o n d i t e m o f t h e i n n e r l i s t . a l l o w s you t o n e s t l i s t s d e e p e r than you r e a l l y s h o u l d . This i s the r e s t o f the second item o f the o u t e r list . I t i s no more i n t e r e s t i n g than any o t h e r part o f the item . T h i s i s t h e t h i r d i t e m o f t h e l i s t . You can even d i s p l a y p o e t r y . There i s an e n v i r o n m e n t f o r v e r s e
Whose f e a t u r e s some p o e t s w i l l curse . For i n s t e a d o f making
Them do a l l l i n e b r e a k i n g ,
I t a l l o w s them t o put t o o many words on a l i n e when they ’ d r a t h e r be f o r c e d t o be t e r s e . M a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s may a l s o be d i s p l a y e d . A displayed formula is one−l i n e l o n g ; m u l t i l i n e formulas require s p e c i a l formatting i n s t r u c t i o n s . $ \ i p {\Gamma}{\ p s i ’ } = x ’ ’ + y ˆ{2} + z { i }ˆ{ n}$ Don ’ t s t a r t a p a r a g r a p h w i t h a d i s p l a y e d e q u a t i o n , n o r make one a p a r a g r a p h by i t s e l f . Here i s a sample t a b l e added by me : TableHead1 TableHead2 T e s t C e l l 1 T e s t C e l l 2 T e s t C e l l 3 T e s t C e l l 4

Listing A.3 demonstrates XSL templates that have been generated dynamically for producing RDF. Listing A.3: Dynamic XSL File for Generating RDF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

< x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”>

101

25 26 27 28

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

60 61 62 63 64 65 66

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

76 77 78 79 80

< x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’m’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> 1”>

102

81 82

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105

106 107 108 109 110 111 112

113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ t a b u l a r ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ l a t e x ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> < s t i t l e xmlns = ” h t t p : / / l a t e x o n t o l o g y . o r g / l a t e x #” r d f : about =”#{ s u b s t r i n g ( $fName , 1 , s t r i n g −l e n g t h ( $fName ) −1)}”> 1”>

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137 138 139 140 141 142 143

144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167

168 169 170 171 172 173 174

175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187

< h a s s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e = ”#{$fName} s t i t l e { c o u n t ( p r e c e d i n g −s i b l i n g : : ∗ [ name ( ) =’ s t i t l e ’ ] ) + 1}”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ s t i t l e ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’emph ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” />

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199 200 201 202 203 204 205

206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229

230 231 232 233 234 235 236

237 238 239 240 241

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’emph ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”>

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261 262 263 264 265 266 267

268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276

277 278 279 280 281 282 283

284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294

< x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ bodymatter ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> 1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ document ’ ” />

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308 309 310 311 312 313 314

315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337

338 339 340 341 342 343 344

345 346 347

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ quote ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> < h a s s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e = ”#{$fName} s t i t l e { c o u n t ( p r e c e d i n g −s i b l i n g : : ∗ [ name ( ) =’ s t i t l e ’ ] ) + 1}”>

107

348 349 350 351 352 353

354 355 356 357 358 359 360

361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369

370 371 372 373 374 375 376

377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385

386 387 388 389 390 391 392

393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401

402 403

1”> 1”> 1”> 1”>

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409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432

433 434 435 436 437 438 439

440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ s e c t i o n ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” />

1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ par ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> < t i t l e xmlns = ” h t t p : / / l a t e x o n t o l o g y . o r g / l a t e x #” r d f : about =”#{ s u b s t r i n g ( $fName , 1 , s t r i n g −l e n g t h ( $fName ) −1)}”>

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464 465 466 467 468 469 470

471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494

495 496 497 498 499 500 501

502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512

1”> < h a s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e = ”#{$fName} t i t l e { c o u n t ( p r e c e d i n g −s i b l i n g : : ∗ [ name ( ) =’ t i t l e ’ ] ) + 1}”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ t i t l e ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ i t e m i z e ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” />

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525 526 527 528 529 530 531

532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555

556 557 558 559 560 561 562

563 564 565 566

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”> < h a s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e = ”#{$fName} t i t l e { c o u n t ( p r e c e d i n g −s i b l i n g : : ∗ [ name ( ) =’ t i t l e ’ ] ) + 1}”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ f r o n t m a t t e r ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”>

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587 588 589 590 591 592 593

594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602

603 604 605 606 607 608 609

610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618

619 620 621

< x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ note ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” />

1”> 1”> 1”>

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626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634

635 636 637 638 639 640 641

642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650

651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

1”> 1”> < x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ par ’ ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”parentNameGenerator ” /> 1”>

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682 683 684 685 686 687 688

689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702

703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718

719 720 721 722 723 724 725

726 727 728

< x s l : with−param name=” elementName ” s e l e c t =” ’ c h a p t e r ’ ” /> & l t ; < x s l : t e x t d i s a b l e −output−e s c a p i n g =”y e s”>&g t ; < x s l : t e x t d i s a b l e −output− e s c a p i n g =”y e s”>& l t ;/ < x s l : t e x t d i s a b l e −output−e s c a p i n g =”y e s”>&g t ; 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l :

114

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> 729 730 731

732 733 734

735 736 737

738 739 740

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744 745 746

747 748 749

750 751 752

753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763

< x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”>

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s t r i n g ( $testCounter ) ,

’



Listing A.4 shows the generated RDF after applying generated XSL templates into XML. Listing A.4: RDF File 1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

< h a s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e=”#d o c u m e n t 1 f r o n t m a t t e r 1 t i t l e 1 ”/> < t i t l e r d f : about=”#d o c u m e n t 1 f r o n t m a t t e r 1 t i t l e 1 ”> T h i s i s an example i n p u t f i l e . Comparing i t w i t h t h e o u t p u t i t g e n e r a t e s can show you how t o p r o d u c e a s i m p l e document o f your own.

116

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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< h a s s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e=”# d o c u m e n t 1 b o d y m a t t e r 1 c h a p t e r 1 s e c t i o n 1 s t i t l e 1 ”/> < s t i t l e r d f : about=”#d o c u m e n t 1 b o d y m a t t e r 1 c h a p t e r 1 s e c t i o n 1 s t i t l e 1 ”> O r d i n a r y Text

The e n d s o f words and s e n t e n c e s a r e marked by spaces . It doesn ’ t m a t t e r how many spaces you t y p e ; one i s a s good a s 1 0 0 . The end o f a l i n e c o u n t s a s a s p a c e .

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96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158

One o r more blank l i n e s denote the end of a p a r a g r a p h .

S i n c e any number o f c o n s e c u t i v e s p a c e s a r e t r e a t e d l i k e a s i n g l e one , t h e f o r m a t t i n g o f t h e i n p u t f i l e makes no d i f f e r e n c e t o , but i t makes a d i f f e r e n c e t o you . When you u s e , making your i n p u t f i l e a s e a s y t o r e a d a s p o s s i b l e w i l l be a g r e a t h e l p a s you w r i t e your document and when you change i t . T h i s sample f i l e shows how you can add comments t o your own i n p u t f i l e .

B ec a u se p r i n t i n g i s d i f f e r e n t from t y p e w r i t i n g , t h e r e a r e a number o f t h i n g s t h a t you have t o do d i f f e r e n t l y when p r e p a r i n g an i n p u t f i l e than i f you were j u s t t y p i n g t h e document d i r e c t l y . Q u o t a t i o n marks l i k e ‘ ‘ this ’ ’ have t o be h a n d l e d s p e c i a l l y , a s do q u o t e s w i t h i n quotes : ‘ ‘\ , ‘ this ’ i s what I j u s t wrote , no t ‘ that ’ \ , ’ ’ .

Dashes come i n t h r e e s i z e s : an i n t r a −word

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180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

dash , a medium dash f o r number r a n g e s l i k e 1−−2, and a p u n c t u a t i o n dash−−−l i k e t h i s .

A s e n t e n c e −e n d i n g s p a c e s h o u l d be l a r g e r than t h e s p a c e between words w i t h i n a s e n t e n c e . You s o m e t i m e s have t o t y p e s p e c i a l commands i n c o n j u n c t i o n with punctuation c h a r a c t e r s to get t h i s right , as in the f o l l o w i n g sentence . Gnats , gnus , e t c . a l l b e g i n w i t h G. You s h o u l d c h e c k t h e s p a c e s a f t e r p e r i o d s when r e a d i n g your o u t p u t t o make s u r e you haven ’ t f o r g o t t e n any s p e c i a l c a s e s . G e n e r a t i n g an ellipsis ... w i t h t h e r i g h t s p a c i n g around t h e p e r i o d s r e q u i r e s a s p e c i a l command.

i n t e r p r e t s some common c h a r a c t e r s a s commands , s o you must t y p e s p e c i a l commands t o g e n e r a t e them . These c h a r a c t e r s i n c l u d e t h e following : \ $ \& ; \% \# \{ and \}.

I n p r i n t i n g , t e x t i s u s u a l l y e m p h a s i z e d w i t h an italic t y p e s t y l e . i t a l i c

119

219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278

A l o n g segment o f t e x t can a l s o be e m p h a s i z e d i n t h i s way . Text w i t h i n s u c h a segment can be given a d d i t i o n a l emphasis . a d d i t i o n a l

I t i s s o m e t i m e s n e c e s s a r y t o p r e v e n t from b r e a k i n g a l i n e where i t might o t h e r w i s e do s o . T h i s may be a t a s p a c e , a s between t h e ‘ ‘ Mr . ’ ’ and ‘ ‘ Jones ’ ’ i n ‘ ‘ Mr . Jones ’ ’ , o r w i t h i n a word−−−e s p e c i a l l y when t h e word i s a symbol l i k e itemnum t h a t makes l i t t l e s e n s e when hyphenated a c r o s s l i n e s . itemnum

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279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

F o o t n o t e s T h i s i s an example o f a f o o t n o t e . p o s e no problem .

T h i s i s an example o f a f o o t n o t e .

i s good a t t y p e s e t t i n g m a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s like $ x−3y + z = 7 $ or $ a {1} &g t ; x ˆ{2 n} + y ˆ{2 n} &g t ; x ’ $ or $ \ i p {A}{B} = \ sum { i } a { i } b { i } $ . The s p a c e s you t y p e i n a f o r m u l a a r e ignored . Remember t h a t a l e t t e r l i k e $x$ i s a f o r m u l a when i t d e n o t e s a m a t h e m a t i c a l symbol , and i t s h o u l d be t yped a s one .

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337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390

$ x−3y + z = 7 $ $ a {1} &g t ; x ˆ{2 n} + y ˆ{2 n} &g t ; x ’ $ $ \ i p {A}{B} = \ sum { i } a { i } b { i } $ $x$ < h a s s t i t l e r d f : r e s o u r c e=”# d o c u m e n t 1 b o d y m a t t e r 1 c h a p t e r 1 s e c t i o n 2 s t i t l e 1 ”/>

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391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< s t i t l e r d f : about=”#d o c u m e n t 1 b o d y m a t t e r 1 c h a p t e r 1 s e c t i o n 2 s t i t l e 1 ”> D i s p l a y e d Text

Text i s d i s p l a y e d by i n d e n t i n g i t from t h e l e f t margin . Q u o t a t i o n s a r e commonly d i s p l a y e d . There are short quotations This i s a s h o r t a q u o t a t i o n . It consists of a s i n g l e paragraph o f t e x t . Se e how i t i s f o r m a t t e d .

and l o n g e r o n e s . This i s a l o n g e r q u o t a t i o n . I t c o n s i s t s o f two p a r a g r a p h s o f t e x t , n e i t h e r o f which a r e particularly interesting . This i s the second paragraph o f the q u o t a t i o n . It i s j u s t as d u l l as the f i r s t paragraph .

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451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511

Another f r e q u e n t l y −d i s p l a y e d s t r u c t u r e i s a l i s t . The f o l l o w i n g i s an example o f an i t e m i z e d list . i t e m i z e d T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an i t e m i z e d l i s t . Each i t e m i n t h e l i s t i s marked w i t h a ‘ ‘ t i c k ’ ’ . You don ’ t have t o worry about what k i n d o f t i c k mark i s u s e d . T h i s i s t h e s e c o n d i t e m o f t h e l i s t . It contains another l i s t nested i n s i d e i t . The i n n e r l i s t i s an enumerated l i s t . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an enumerated l i s t that i s nested w i t hi n the i t e m i z e d l i s t . This i s the second item o f the i n n e r l i s t . a l l o w s you t o n e s t l i s t s d e e p e r than you r e a l l y s h o u l d . This i s the r e s t o f the second item o f the o u t e r list . I t i s no more i n t e r e s t i n g than any o t h e r part o f the item . This i s the t h i r d item o f the l i s t .

You can even d i s p l a y p o e t r y .

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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

There i s an e n v i r o n m e n t f o r v e r s e Whose f e a t u r e s some p o e t s w i l l curse . For i n s t e a d o f makingThem do a l l l i n e b r e a k i n g , I t a l l o w s them t o put t o o many words on a l i n e when they ’ d r a t h e r be f o r c e d t o be t e r s e .

M a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s may a l s o be d i s p l a y e d . A displayed formula is one−l i n e l o n g ; m u l t i l i n e formulas require s p e c i a l formatting i n s t r u c t i o n s . $ \ i p {\Gamma}{\ p s i ’ } = x ’ ’ + y ˆ{2} + z { i }ˆ{ n} $ Don ’ t s t a r t a p a r a g r a p h w i t h a d i s p l a y e d e q u a t i o n , n o r make one a p a r a g r a p h by i t s e l f . $ \ i p {\Gamma}{\ p s i ’ } = x ’ ’ + y ˆ{2} + z { i }ˆ{ n}$

Here i s a sample t a b l e added by me: | l | | l |

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T a b l e H e a d 1 T a b l e H e a d 2 T e s t C e l l 1 T e s t C e l l 2 T e s t C e l l 3 T e s t C e l l 4

Listing A.5 demonstrates XSL templates that have been generated dynamically for producing XSL-FO. Listing A.5: Dynamic XSL File for Generating XSL-FO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

32

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

44

45 46 47

< x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”>

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48

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50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

60

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72

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84

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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”>

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108

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137

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< x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”>

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144 145 146 147

148

149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159

160

161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171

172

173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183

184

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189

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

< x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”>

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190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199

200

201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211

212

213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223

224

225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235

236

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< x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”> < x s l : c a l l −t e m p l a t e name=”f u l l N a m e G e n e r a t o r ” /> 0”> < x s l : v a l u e −o f s e l e c t =”.”>

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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE



s e l e c t =”∗”/>



Listing A.6 shows the generated XSL-FO after applying generated XSL templates into XML. Listing A.6: Main XSL-FO File 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

34

T h i s i s an example i n p u t f i l e . Comparing i t w i t h t h e o u t p u t i t g e n e r a t e s can show you how t o p r o d u c e a s i m p l e document o f your own. O r d i n a r y Text The e n d s o f words and s e n t e n c e s a r e marked by spaces . It doesn ’ t m a t t e r how many spaces you t y p e ; one i s a s good a s 1 0 0 . The end o f a l i n e c o u n t s a s a s p a c e . One o r more blank l i n e s denote the end of a p a r a g r a p h . S i n c e any number of consecutive spaces are treated l i k e a s i n g l e one , t h e f o r m a t t i n g o f t h e i n p u t f i l e makes no d i f f e r e n c e t o , but i t makes a d i f f e r e n c e t o you . When you u s e , making your i n p u t f i l e a s e a s y t o r e a d a s p o s s i b l e w i l l be a g r e a t h e l p a s you w r i t e your document and when you change i t . T h i s sample f i l e shows how you can add comments t o your own i n p u t f i l e . B e c a u s e p r i n t i n g i s d i f f e r e n t from t y p e w r i t i n g , t h e r e a r e a number o f t h i n g s t h a t you have t o do

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d i f f e r e n t l y when p r e p a r i n g an i n p u t f i l e than i f you were j u s t t y p i n g t h e document d i r e c t l y . Q u o t a t i o n marks l i k e ‘ ‘ this ’ ’ have t o be h a n d l e d s p e c i a l l y , a s do q u o t e s w i t h i n quotes : ‘ ‘\ , ‘ this ’ i s what I j u s t wrote , n o t ‘ that ’ \ , ’ ’ . Dashes come i n t h r e e s i z e s : an i n t r a −word dash , a medium dash f o r number r a n g e s l i k e 1−−2, and a p u n c t u a t i o n dash−−−l i k e t h i s . A s e n t e n c e − e n d i n g s p a c e s h o u l d be l a r g e r than t h e s p a c e between words w i t h i n a s e n t e n c e . You s o m e t i m e s have t o t y p e s p e c i a l commands i n c o n j u n c t i o n with punctuation c h a r a c t e r s to get t h i s right , as in the f o l l o w i n g sentence . Gnats , gnus , e t c . a l l b e g i n w i t h G. You s h o u l d c h e c k t h e s p a c e s a f t e r p e r i o d s when r e a d i n g your o u t p u t t o make s u r e you haven ’ t f o r g o t t e n any s p e c i a l c a s e s . G e n e r a t i n g an ellipsis ... w i t h t h e r i g h t s p a c i n g around t h e p e r i o d s r e q u i r e s a s p e c i a l command. i n t e r p r e t s some common c h a r a c t e r s a s commands , s o you must t y p e s p e c i a l commands t o g e n e r a t e them . These c h a r a c t e r s i n c l u d e t h e following : \ $ \& ; \% \# \{ and \}. I n p r i n t i n g , t e x t i s u s u a l l y e m p h a s i z e d w i t h an italic t y p e s t y l e . i t a l i c A l o n g segment o f t e x t can a l s o be e m p h a s i z e d i n t h i s way . Text w i t h i n s u c h a segment can be given a d d i t i o n a l emphasis . a d d i t i o n a l I t i s s o m e t i m e s necessary to prevent from b r e a k i n g a l i n e where i t might o t h e r w i s e do s o . T h i s may be a t a s p a c e , a s between t h e ‘ ‘ Mr . ’ ’ and ‘ ‘ Jones ’ ’ i n ‘ ‘ Mr . Jones ’ ’ , o r w i t h i n a word−−−e s p e c i a l l y when t h e word i s a symbol l i k e itemnum t h a t makes l i t t l e s e n s e when hyphenated a c r o s s l i n e s . itemnum
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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

: block> F o o t n o t e s T h i s i s an example o f a f o o t n o t e . p o s e no problem . T h i s i s an example o f a f o o t n o t e . i s good a t t y p e s e t t i n g mathematical formulas like $ x−3y + z = 7 $ or $ a {1} &g t ; x ˆ{2 n} + y ˆ{2 n} &g t ; x ’ $ or $ \ i p {A}{B} = \ sum { i } a { i } b { i } $ . The s p a c e s you t y p e i n a f o r m u l a a r e ignored . Remember t h a t a l e t t e r l i k e $x$ i s a f o r m u l a when i t d e n o t e s a m a t h e m a t i c a l symbol , and i t s h o u l d be typed a s one . $ x−3y + z = 7 $ $ a {1} &g t ; x ˆ{2 n} + y ˆ{2 n} &g t ; x ’ $ $ \ i p {A}{B} = \ sum { i } a { i } b { i } $ $x$ D i s p l a y e d Text Text i s d i s p l a y e d by i n d e n t i n g i t from t h e l e f t margin . Q u o t a t i o n s a r e commonly d i s p l a y e d . There are short quotations This i s a s h o r t a q u o t a t i o n . It consists of a s i n g l e paragraph o f t e x t . Se e how i t i s f o r m a t t e d . and l o n g e r o n e s . This i s a l o n g e r q u o t a t i o n . I t c o n s i s t s o f two p a r a g r a p h s o f t e x t , n e i t h e r o f which a r e particularly interesting . This i s the second paragraph o f the q u o t a t i o n . It i s j u s t as d u l l as the f i r s t paragraph . Another f r e q u e n t l y −d i s p l a y e d s t r u c t u r e i s a l i s t . The f o l l o w i n g i s an example o f an i t e m i z e d list . i t e m i z e d T h i s i s t h e

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f i r s t i t e m o f an i t e m i z e d l i s t . Each i t e m i n t h e l i s t i s marked w i t h a ‘ ‘ t i c k ’ ’ . You don ’ t have t o worry about what k i n d o f t i c k mark i s u s e d . T h i s i s t h e s e c o n d i t e m o f t h e l i s t . It contains another l i s t nested i n s i d e i t . The i n n e r l i s t i s an enumerated l i s t . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an enumerated l i s t that i s nested w i t hi n the i t e m i z e d l i s t . This i s the second item o f the i n n e r l i s t . a l l o w s you t o n e s t l i s t s d e e p e r than you r e a l l y s h o u l d . This i s the r e s t o f the second item o f the o u t e r list . I t i s no more i n t e r e s t i n g than any o t h e r part o f the item . This i s the t h i r d item o f the l i s t . You can even d i s p l a y p o e t r y . There i s an e n v i r o n m e n t f o r v e r s e Whose f e a t u r e s some p o e t s w i l l curse . For i n s t e a d o f makingThem do a l l l i n e b r e a k i n g , I t a l l o w s them t o put t o o many words on a l i n e when they ’ d r a t h e r be f o r c e d t o be t e r s e . M a t h e m a t i c a l f o r m u l a s may a l s o be d i s p l a y e d . A displayed formula is one−l i n e l o n g ; m u l t i l i n e formulas require s p e c i a l formatting i n s t r u c t i o n s . $ \ i p {\Gamma}{\ p s i ’ } = x ’ ’ + y ˆ{2} + z { i }ˆ{ n} $ Don ’ t s t a r t a p a r a g r a p h w i t h a d i s p l a y e d e q u a t i o n , n o r make one a p a r a g r a p h by i t s e l f . $ \ i p {\Gamma }{\ p s i ’ } = x ’ ’ + y ˆ{2} + z { i }ˆ{ n}$ Here i s a sample t a b l e added by me: T a b l e H e a d 1 T a b l e H e a d 2 T e s t C e l l 1 T e s t C e l l 2 T e s t C e l l 3 T e s t C e l l 4

Dynamic element queries can be also generated, according to RDF document. Figure A.1 shows the list of files that contain element queries. Name of the files is clear and end users can simply understand what queries do. Dynamic numeric queries can be also generated, according to RDF document. Figure A.2 shows the list of files that contain numeric queries. Name of the files is clear and end users can simply understand what queries do. As an exmple, I bring the content of one element and one numeric query. Listing A.7 shows the content of GiveMeNumberOf Quote.rdql file and listing A.8 shows the content of GiveMe document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section1 par12 m1.rdql file.

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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

Figure A.1: Dynamic Element Queries

135

Figure A.2: Dynamic Numeric Queries

Listing A.7: Content of GiveMeNumberOf Quote.rdql File 1 2

#SELECT ? x WHERE ( ?x , , )

Listing A.8: Content of GiveMe document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section1 par12 m1.rdql File 1 2

SELECT ? x WHERE ( , , ? x )

PDF files can be also generated according to XSL-FO file. Figure A.3 demonstrates PDF files that have been generated according to XSL-FO file. PDF files are generated using pdflatex or Apache FOP. Figure A.4 demonstrates the generated small LATEX documents for generating PDF files and figure A.5 demonstrates the generated small XSL-FO files for generating them. As an example, I bring the content of one small LATEX and one small XSL-FO file. Listing A.9 shows the content of document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section2 itemize1.tex file and listing A.10 shows the content of document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section1 par6.fo file.

136

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

Figure A.3: Generated PDF Files According to XSL-FO File

137

Figure A.4: Small LATEX Files for Generating PDF Files

138

APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

Figure A.5: Small XSL-FO Files for Generating PDF Files

139

Listing A.9: Content of document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section2 itemize1.tex File 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

% T h i s i s a sample LaTeX i n p u t f i l e . ( V e r s i o n o f 11 A p r i l 1 9 9 4 . ) % % A ’% ’ c h a r a c t e r c a u s e s TeX t o i g n o r e a l l r e m a i n i n g t e x t on t h e l i n e , % and i s u s e d f o r comments l i k e t h i s one . \ documentclass { a r t i c l e } \ t i t l e {An Example Document} \ a u t h o r { L e s l i e Lamport } \ d a t e { January 2 1 , 1994} \newcommand{\ i p } [ 2 ] { ( # 1 , #2)} %\newcommand{\ i p } [ 2 ] { \ l a n g l e #1 | #2\ r a n g l e } \ b e g i n { document } \ begin { itemize } \ i t e m T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an i t e m i z e d l i s t . Each i t e m i n t h e l i s t i s marked w i t h a ‘ ‘ t i c k ’ ’ . You don ’ t have t o worry about what k i n d o f t i c k mark i s u s e d . \ item This i s the second item o f the l i s t . It contains another l i s t nested i n s i d e i t . The i n n e r l i s t i s an \emph{ enumerated } l i s t . \ b e g i n { enumerate } \ i t e m T h i s i s t h e f i r s t i t e m o f an enumerated l i s t that i s nested within the itemized l i s t . \ item This i s the second item o f the i n n e r l i s t . \LaTeX\ a l l o w s you t o n e s t l i s t s d e e p e r than you r e a l l y s h o u l d . \ end { enumerate } This i s the r e s t o f the second item o f the o u t e r list . I t i s no more i n t e r e s t i n g than any o t h e r part o f the item . \ item This i s the t h i r d item o f the l i s t . \ end { i t e m i z e } \ end { document }

Listing A.10: Content of document1 bodymatter1 chapter1 section1 par6.fo File 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

< f o : r o o t xmlns : f o =”h t t p : / /www. w3 . o r g /1999/XSL/ Format”> A s e n t e n c e −e n d i n g s p a c e s h o u l d be l a r g e r than t h e s p a c e between words w i t h i n a s e n t e n c e . You s o m e t i m e s have t o t y p e s p e c i a l commands i n c o n j u n c t i o n with punctuation c h a r a c t e r s to get t h i s right , as in the f o l l o w i n g sentence . Gnats , gnus , e t c . a l l b e g i n w i t h G. You s h o u l d c h e c k t h e s p a c e s a f t e r p e r i o d s when r e a d i n g your o u t p u t t o make s u r e you haven ’ t f o r g o t t e n any s p e c i a l c a s e s . G e n e r a t i n g an ellipsis

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APPENDIX A. GENERAL EXAMPLE

... w i t h t h e r i g h t s p a c i n g around t h e p e r i o d s a s p e c i a l command.

requires

Appendix B

Description of the Attached CD-ROM

The attached CD-ROM to this thesis contains • Source code of latex2rdf • JAR file of latex2rdf (latex2rdf.jar) • An installation document for latex2rdf • Required libraries for latex2rdf • Test cases for application • My Eclipse environment • Several snapshots of latex2rdf • LATEX document ontology • LATEX source codes of this thesis • PDF version of this thesis • My presentation for my M.Sc. thesis Note that I provided a Web page that contains some of these materials. The latest version of some of above items is accessible via

http://www.kbs.uni-hannover.de/~peyman/latex2rdf.htm

141

List of Symbols and Abbreviations

Abbreviation URI XML RDF RDFS OWL XSL XSLT XSL-FO CSS XPath PDF SPARQL RAD GUI API DOM FOP RDQL WYSIWYG IDE AWT OOP JDK XMP WWW W3C DCMES SQL

Description Uniform Resource Identifier eXtensible Markup Language Resource Description Framework Resource Description Framework Schema Web Ontology Language eXtensible Stylesheet Language eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations eXtensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects Cascading Style Sheet XML Path Language Portable Document Format Simple Protocol and RDF Query Language Rapid Application Development Graphical User Interface Application Programming Interface Document Object Model Formatting Objects Processor RDF Data Query Language What You See Is What You Get Integrated Development Environment Abstract Window Toolkit Object-Oriented Programming Java Development Kit Extensible Metadata Platform World Wide Web World Wide Web Consortium Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Structured Query Language

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144

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

List of Figures

2.1 2.2 2.3

Semantic Web Tower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 A Simple RDF Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Applying XSL templates to input XML file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

Use Case Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall View of Generating RDF from LATEX Document . . . . . . . . General Overview of Converting LATEX Document to XML . . . . . . . Flowchart of Proposed Algorithm for Generating RDF from XML by Means of Dynamic XSLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top Classes of LATEX Document Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subclasses of DocumentElement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subclasses of BeginEndCommand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subclasses of Sectioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overall View of Generating XSL-FO from LATEX Document . . . . . . Flowchart of Proposed Algorithm for Generating XSL-FO from XML Using Dynamic XSLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart of an Algorithm for Transforming XSL-FO into PDF Using Apache FOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General Overview of LATEX On Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart of Proposed Algorithm for Generating PDF Using an Excerpt of LATEX Source File by Means of pdflatex . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowchart of Proposed Algorithm for Finding an Excerpt of LATEX Source File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

IBM Rational Unified Process Software Development Gantt Chart of My Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main Graphical User Interface of latex2rdf . . . . . . Load LATEX /XML Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Save LATEX /XML Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RDF/XSL-FO Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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LIST OF FIGURES

5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24

Snapshot of a Sample Result Window . . . . . . . . . . . latex2rdf Logo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hierarchy of Output Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequence of Generate RDF Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . Sequence of Generate Query Use Case . . . . . . . . . . Sequence of Execute Query Use Case (RDQL Query) . . Sequence of Execute Query Use Case (SPARQL Query) . Sequence of Generate XSL-FO Use Case . . . . . . . . . . Sequence of Generate PDF Use Case Using pdflatex . . . Sequence of Generate PDF Use Case Using Apache FOP After Loading Source XML File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . After Generating RDF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . After Generating XSL-FO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . After Executing a Pre-defined Query . . . . . . . . . . . . After Executing a Simple Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saving Results to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Sample Example from Codes and Design Document . .

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A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5

Dynamic Element Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dynamic Numeric Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . Generated PDF Files According to XSL-FO File Small LATEX Files for Generating PDF Files . . . Small XSL-FO Files for Generating PDF Files .

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List of Tables

2.1

Several XPath Expressions and Their Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

4.1 4.2 4.3

Preconditions of Use Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Comparison between latex2xml and Tralics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Some Properties of LATEX Document Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

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