Contents PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYND1CATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGTI

The Pitt Building,Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United IGngdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK 40 West 20th Street, Ne,,-'York, NY 10011-421 L USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh,VIC 3166,Australia Ruiz de A]atcon 13,28014 Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfi:ont, Cape Town 800'1 . South Africa

Preface

7

I-IotV to Hse this book 9

Pure vowels

http:/;',V\¥Vll.cambridge.org

i: © Cambridge University Press 1965 This book is in copyrighr. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of l·elevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge Universily Press. First published 1965 Twenty-second printing 2001 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Library of Congress catalogue card number: 74-25643 ISBN 0 521 206340 Student's Book ISBN 0 521 26350 6 Class Cassette Set

a tree, a bee 14 ink, a ship IS Comparing i: and I 16 e a leg, a tent 17
Diphthongs eI a space-ship, a mate 34 aI an eye, a stile 35 :)1 soil, a quoit 36 Comparing e and eI 37 Comparing er and aT 38 Comparing aI and JI 39 au a goat, a cone 40

a scowl, a cloud 41 Comparing :): and au 42 Comparing 3~ and au 43 Comparing au and u: 43 Comparing au and au 44 ala a fire 45 aua a towel 45 la a seer, a spear 46 ta tear, swear 47 Ui:) a spoor, a skua 48

QU

ConsOl1ants p

pimple, a pipe 49 a bow, a bible 50 Comparing p and b 51 t a tear, a tit 52 d a dog, a dromedary 53 k a crown, a cake 54 g a guide, a gargoyle 55 tJ a church, an arch 56 d3 a jelly, a jam-jar 57 Comparing tf, d3 58 Comparing tr and dr 58 f a fmger, a fly 59 v a stove, a vest 60 9 three, thirty-three 6I Comparing f and 8 62 o weather, wreaths 63 s some spinsters 64 z a zoo, a zebra 65 Comparing e, 0, sand z 66,67 J Sheila, a rash 68 3 camouflage, invasion 69 m a comb, the moon 70 n a bone, a tin-can 71 b

5

Preface

a monkey, a tankard 72 a rope, rocks 73,74 alaugh,alock 75,76 a haddock, a hare 77 Comparing words beginning with h with those beginning with vowels 78

I)

r h

w

cube, a new suit 79 a window, the Wild West 80 Comparing v and w 8 I

r'Vord diflisions

82,83

Word indexes 84

The aim of this book is to provide teachers and learners of spoken English with practice material in an amusing form. Some suggestions for using it will be found on page 9. The material is grouped by phonemes, starting in each case with common concrete nouns and proceeding through noun phrases to sentences. Some phrases and sentences may seem difficult at first sight. They are not designed as 'tongue-twisters' but as a basis for catenation exercises. Each contains a 'head' or' core' phrase (normally the first) which can easily be said by itself The whole sentence can then be built up by adding successive phrases. To facilitate the use of the book in this way, the sentences (and some longer phrases) have been subdivided by bars (I) into phrasal elements. The vocabulary has been chosen to present the sounds of English in a variety of contexts and combinations. Special emphasis has been placed on minimal contrasts, which serve to concentrate the learner's attention on the distinctive sound features which characterise the phonemes of English. For revision and further practice a forward and reverse word index is provided, together with a comprehensive classified list of minimally contrastive word pairs. Inevitably, some of the close-on 1500 words selected are more common than others. However, even if a number of words are not within the learner's previous vocabulary, their concrete nature and the illustrations provided should avoid any serious comprehension problems. It is n.ot intended that the vocabulary should be memorised; its primary function is to afford phonetic practice and learners will readily accept it as such. An account of the type of English pronunciation represented here will be found in]. D. o'Connor: Better English Pronunciation (CUP, 1967). Further practice material incorporating English sounds into continuous texts will be found in the same author's Phonetic Drill Reader (CUP, 1973).

A phonetic transcription is provided throughout, which a teacher may use for systematic teaching and to focus attention on points of difficulty. Which transcription to use is nowadays problematic. The long period of stability based on acceptance of Daniel Jones' English Pronouncing Dictionary is now at an 6

7

How to use this book

cnd and a number of competing systems with trivial differences are again in use. Somewhat arbitrarily, the system used in A. C. Gimson, An Introduction to the PromJllciotion of English has becn employed. Little difficulty should however be experienced by learners in transferring to or from other notational systems representing the same basic phonological system.

Here are some suggestions for using this book. They have been made as explicit as possible for the guidance of users with little or no previous experience of pronunciation teaching. The book can however be used in many different ways and experienced teachers of spoken English will develop new ways of their own for working with it.

Though primarily aimed at the foreign learner, this booklet with its visual appcal an:d light humour should prove useful to teachers of speech and drama and to speech therapists.

A

J.T.

Elementary class teaching

I The teacheI reads, carefully but naturally, the simple examples. (e.g. 'a tree ... " 'three leaves ... " 'a bee ... " 'a sheep ... " while the class listen.) Their attention will at this stage be largely concentrated on the picture. The teacher reads the examples again. This time the pictures arc covered up and the class watch the teacher's face. Their attention is thus switched to the sound and articulation of the words.

2

3 The examples are read a third time. This time the class look at the pictures and the wording. They thus make a preliminary and approximate association of sound, sense and written word form. 4 The teacher rc-reads the first example. The pupils repeat it together. The example is read and imitated again. The second example is then read, and so on. If the group impression is correct, lllOst individuals will benefit by comparing their immediate hearing of their own pronunciation and that of the group, to which they will tend to conform. Care must be taken however that an incorrect' group accent' is not allowed to develop. This danger is, of course, greatest in classes composed of pupils who all have the same mother tongue. 5 Each member of the class in turn takes an example, working through them in order (so that numbers I, 5, 9 say' a tree' , 2, 6, IQ' three leaves' , etc.). The teacher should respond to any unacceptable pronunciation by repeating the model. If the pupil does not then correct his ['mIt, it should be noted for later trcatment, especially if a meaningful contrast (e.g. i:/r) appears not to be observed. As 3 general rule, however, it does not seem advisable to lose pace by dwelling on an individual's incapacity for simple imitation. Such cases require more systematic teaching.

:i

I

8

9

6 At this point, the vocabulary, being simple and concrete, can be used in simple structures for repetition, e.g. 'Here is a tree', 'Here are three leaves', 'Here is a bee', 'Here is a sheep', 'There is (are) ... ', 'This/that is ... ', 'These/those are ... ' . In addition such questions as 'Is this a tree?', , Yes, it's a tree'; 'Is this a bee?', 'No, it's a sheep'; 'Which is a bee?', 'This is a bee' can be asked.

Nineteen of the sets most frequently confused by foreign learners have been included at intervals in this book. The minimal pairs may be used in the following ways:

*

a First, the teacher rcads eaeh pair: sheep, ship; bean, bin; meal, mill; lead, lid. b Secondly, each group: sheep, bean, meal, lead; ship, bin, mill, lid.

7 After dealing with the simple examples, the phrases are treated. These are best built up element by element; thus: ' a fleet ... (a fleet)' , , a fleet at sea (a fleet atsea)'. 8 This building principle applies particularly to the longer sentences; thus: 'Stephen', 'Stephen meets Eve', 'Stephen meets Eve one evening', 'Stephen meets Eve onc evening for a meal'. To a large extent, the sentences are designed like the example given, so that they can be built up from left to right. Sometimes a less straightforward order is required; thus on p. IS, 'a witch', 'a wicked witch', 'which is a wicked witch?', 'which of the women is a wicked witch?', 'which of the six thin women is a wicked witch?' These examples demand mOTC of the teadler but add variety and develop a feeling for syntax. This technique of expansion is an excellent means of developing a rhythmic sense and the skill of catenation. Pupils who collapse into a non-English rhythm, or stammer and lose all fluency when confronted by longer selltences as indigestible wholes, arc delighted to find how far they can get along a sequence built up in this way. 9 The next sound is dealt with in a similar way. and so on.

Minimal pairs A particular importance attaches to the sound contrasts (e.g. p. 16 i:jr). The most important pronunciation errors arc those which i~k~?!,Y~,:thc loss of a meaningful distinction, since they easily lead to l11i!~£irl1W...f-Q,gjngs.

TI ~':"-~'-'''''-i ";'

10

c Thirdly, the teacher reads each pair, which is imitated by the pupil.lt is important, however, to realise that pupils who do not make the distinction will in all probability not hear it either, even when the contrast is apparently clearly produced in direct contrast, as above. d In order to find out whether this is so, the teacher points to one of the pair and says, for example, 'Is this a ship?' The pupil must say Yes or No, and reveal whether he has identified the word correctly or not. A single question may of course be right by chance. However, five or six rapid questions pointing randomly between the two (e.g. R, L, L, R, L, R, or L, L, R, L, R, L, etc.) will produce a reliable answer. Alternatively, the teacher may point to a pair and ask: 'Which is a sheep?' 'Which is a ship?' or to the group as a whole, saying: 'Show me the sheep', 'Show me the bird', 'Show me the mill', etc. Clearly these different techniques can be freely combined to prevent tedious repetition. e Once the pupil is hearing the distinction consistently, it will still be necessary to establish the distinction in his speech. This willusllally be easiest in the contrastive pairs themselves. When these arc mastered, it may be advisable to go over some of the material given under the individual sounds again. Most difficulty is to be expected where the different sounds co-occur in sentences, but not as simple contrastive pairs. Practice in these is given in the longer phrases and sentences in each page of comparisons. They should be built up in the usual way (sce 7 and 8 above).

*

On pp. 91-6 a cOlllprchcllSive list ofminilllally cOlltr~15ting word p.
:.

ti,( Ill~))

II

A phonetic transcription is provided for each phrase and sentence given. The modest additional effort involved in learning the symbols is well worth while.

particularly the exploitation of British cultural stereotypes. The contrastive pairs can be used for remedial purposes as described above.

Many pronunciation errors are due, not to the learner's inability to produce the sounds in themselves, but to a mistaken conception of the phonetic composition of words. Such errors arc most easily identified by reference to a phonetic transcription. In many cases, it is only necessary for the learner to realise his error for him to be able to correct it. In any case, realisation of the proper phonetic form of the word is an indispensable pre-requisite for overcoming such' distributional' errors - perhaps the most frequent type of error made by foreign learners.

Teachers and students of English as a foreign language can have the techniques explained, and be made to see their errors objectively in terms of the interference principle, and as paradigmatic for those they will find in their own pupils.

When set out in detail, the above procedure may look long-winded, especially for a native English teacher who may not realise how difficult a task learners of English have to face. Teachers are nevertheless recommended to start off by follovving this method, using the humour of the material, variations in tempo within a running rhythm, and their own humanity to keep the pace lively and the lessons enjoyable.

C Students without a teacher Students who have access to a native English speaker can easily follow the course outlined above for class-work by instructing the speaker to carry out the relatively straightforward actions of the teacher described. With a little practice, it should become quite easy for the native speaker to play the teacher's role, though the student cannot, of course, benefit from the skilled teacher's ability to recognise and analyse errors and to fit special remedies to special cases. D Students and classes without a good natille speaker to act as model

Experienced teachers will of course make short cuts where a class is not expected to fInd problems, and give more practice where it is needed. Abundant additional practice material can be drawn from the forward and reverse word indexes on pp. 84- 91, and the classified list of minimal pairs' on pp.9 1 - 6. When the material of this book has been mastered, readers are recommended to work with]. D. O'Connor's Pholletic Drill Reader (CUP, 1973), in which longer dialogues are skilfully based on particular sounds, contrasts and combinations.

B Advanced classes With advanced students, the pages dealing with single sounds are pcrhaps best used quite light-heartedly for diagnostic purposes, and catenation exercises, allowing conversation to develop out of the visual humour, 12

'ViTe recommend buying the cassettes or reels on which the complete material

of the book is recorded. These may be used in a straightforward language laboratory if transferred to the master track. Preferably the recordings should be managed by a teacher as though a native speaker were present, in accordance with the procedure detailed above, or worked into a programmed form by editing.

E Speech therapists and teachers of English as a mother tongue Adult aphasics will find thc pictures, being simple but not too childish, of help in re-establishing links between concepts, sounds and spellings. The systematic sound. contrasts will also be useful for work with dyslalics, and also, if so desired, in showing differences between the sound pattern of received pronunciation and the various regional pronunciations of English.

13

·I:::

I

,- /--.5>~ , ,

/,

,

"/

" ....",\\11<,,\1\110,

,,' " ..I..

"

, ,

a3 ~,.r,

.. " .. It. "" ",,, ... • '\I! ..

a tree a'tri:

.

"\I/"

""\1,,\,,,\, \"/,,. 1\1, 'h,1

three leaves '8ri: 'Ii:vz

ink 'rQk

01/,,,1.1,,,,,.',,' ..

a bee a 'bi:

a sheep a 'ji:p

a ship a'IIp

a fish a 'flf

~

a biscuit a 'brsklt

a fleet at sea

ice cream for tea

a lf1i:t at 'si:

'aIS 'kri:m fa 'ti:

I

a tin whistle

a 'tIn 'wIsl

I

Stephen meets Eve one evening for a meal

I

I

'sti:vn mi:ts 'i:v

I

'WAn 'i:vnIIJ I far a 'mi:1

I

I

Stephen is greedy. He eats three pieces of cheese 'sti:vn I IZ 'gri:dr I hI i:ts I '6ri: 'pi:S!Z I av 'tli:z I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

Asleep, Stcphcn dreams of Eve. He secs Eve Beeing from three beasts a'sli:p I 'sti:vn 'dri:mz I av 'i:v' I hi: 'si:z 'i:v I 'fli:rQ I fram '6ri: 'bi:sts I 14 I',

a higpig

a'brg'prg

a little kitten a 'IItI 'kltn

I

a kitchen sink with

dishes in it I

a 'kltJln 'sIQk I WIO 'dIJIZ In It I

I

Which I of the six I thin women 1is a wicked witch? I 'wltI I av oa 'S!ks I '6rn 'wlmln I IZ a 'wlkrd 'WItJ I

IS

i!/I

..

.,-

(

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~

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a ship " 'SIP

a sheep " 'Si:p

! AI"

&,.

a bean

a bin

~

~'bln

'bi:n

'--. ."

~

0 a leg d 'leg

t.I(lMy:'£~

\

a tent

a penny

a 'tent

;) 'peru

,,'

~ :f-'U

'-..

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:',\",0-"''(.",,,, 'il',z

,,0-( -,,,-1:1-"<' -...,?. t).<'I.. .b..

i

a lead " 'Ii:d

a mill

a meal a'mi:l

a'mrl

a lid

a'lId

a letter a '!et<)

a wren' 3 nest a 'renz ,nest

seven pets

'sevn 'pets

Jean likes gin. I ... but gin doesn' dike Jean! ! 'd3i:n ,Ialks 'rl3In I b"t 'd3In 'dAznt ,Ialk 'd3 i: n I

» !

Sleepy Freda seeks size six slippers to flt her feet 'sli:PI 'fri:da I,si:ks 'san: 'sIks 'SlIP'" I t" 'fIt h3: 'ft:t

I

16

/

I

I

I

I

Fish and chips are cheap and easy to eat 'hI I.n 'tSlPS I ,,'tSi:p I and 'j:ZI tu 'i:t!

I

a treasure chest

a 'tre3a ,tJest

a wedding-dress a 'wed!!] ,dres

ten well-dressed men 'ten 'wel'drest 'men

I I

I

I

eleven hens with twelve eggs in ten nests I'levn 'henz! wI8 'twelv 'egz I In 'ten 'nests

I 17

e

re

ejre a map a'm
ahand <) 'hcend

~

. JJ-i a flag • 'fl"'g

a stamp

a pet

a'sta::mp

a 'pet

a pat a'p;:et

.

:~::;::: .•... ~;~~~~

.....•.

ajazz band a 'd3
a't<:el)k

many men 'menr'men

~~

~ • ::;;.0---

·:~~PJ:sr~) ~~!N}j':1j a tank

one man

'WAn'mren

..........•........

" a gnat

a net a 'net

pedalling 'pedlIQ

a 'nret

paddling 'p.,dl'Q

Ted I has Dad's hat I on his head I 'ted I h.,z 'd",dz 'h.,t I )n IZ ,hed I

a fat man I clapping I his hands I • 'f",t 'm",n I 'kl"'PIQ I IZ 'h"'ndz

I

a black cat I catching a fat rat I • 'bl",k 'k",t I 'k",tJIQ. 'f"'t 'r",t I

•

Q1

•

~

Annc I has plaits I and black slacks. I Harry I has a hacking jacket Harry and Annc I afC standing I hand-in-hand I '",n I h",z 'pl"'ts I an 'bl"'k 'sl",ks I 'h",,, I ,h",z a 'h"'kIQ ,d3",kIt I 'h",,, .nd '",n I. 'st",ndIQ I 'h",nd In 'h.,nd I

IS

•

~

Jack has a check Jack's Czech friend I Franz I cap I in his hand I is very expansive I 'd3",k h.,z. 'tJek d3.,ks 'tJek 'frend I 'fr",nts I 'k",p In IZ 'h.,nd I IZ ven I k' spcensrv I I

Franz's French friend I is very expensive I 'fr.,ntSIz I 'frentJ I 'frend IZ 'verI Iks'pensrv I

I

19

A

c

~o

a puff

r

a 'pAf

~

acup a'kAp a glove A 'gIAV

ahat a

ajump a'd3 Am p

a gun

a 'gAn

'h~t

re/A

a hut 'hAt

to!

a battler a 'b
a butler a 'bAtla

a duck a'dAk

a country cousin a 'kAntrr 'kAzn

a stamp a'st
a lovely crusty buttered bun I for supper I a 'IAvlr 'krAstr 'bAt.d 'bAn I fa 'SApa I

a stump a 'stAmp

a banker a' b"'Qic,

a bunker • 'bAQka

Cuthbert I puts some mustard I in his Mother's custard I 'kA9bat I ,puts sam 'mAst.d I In IZ 'mAO;olZ 'kAstad

I

a thump a '9Amp These windows were shattered 'ol:z 'wlndauz wa 'Ja:::tad

I

I

Cuthbert's young brother wonders why A40ther doesn't love her other son 'kA9bats 'jAlJ 'brAC).1 'wAndaz I war 'mAil. 'dAznt 'lAY h3r 'Ail. 'SAn I 20

I

mashed potatoes with butter 'm
These windows were shuttered '8i:z 'wlndauz wa 'fAtad

mushed potatoes with batter 'mAJt p;:,'tertCiuz WIO 'ba:::ta 2r

m/A

or

a bard '" 'ba:d

a mast ~

'ma:st

a palm

a carpet

a 'pa:m

" 'ka:prt

a castle

a fast car 'fo:st I ka:

a dark barn I in a large farm-yard I " 'da:k 'ba:n I rn" 'la:d3 'fa:m,ja:d ~

a'pAk

a farm-cart

~

~

a puck

" 'ka:sl

a 'fa:m,ka:t

I

a carp " 'ka:p

-,.-

a cup .'kAp

a larva a'la:va

a lover

a '!AVi;'

e

Mark I can't park I his car I in the barn I because of a calf I and a

large cart! blocking the farm-yard

I

'ma:k I 'ka:nt 'pa:k I hIZ 'ka:r I In 0" 'ba:n I bIkoz 'la:d3 'ka:t I 'blokIQ 0" 'fa:m,ja:d I 22

"y" 'ka:f I "nd"

a barking dog " 'ba:kIQ 'dog

a bucking horse • 'bAkIQ'h):s

23

o

~ a dog e'dDg

~D a fog :a 'fog

a shop

a chop o'tSop

a blot e 'blot

• 'Sop

hj a dun d

a lot of knots

a 'lot av 'nots

ahug o 'hAg

'don

a hog

o 'hog

Olive 'olxv

John is strong

Olive is not

'd3Dn IZ 'strofJ

'oilY iz 'nDt

John is a docker

I

a suck a'sAk

a sock

a buddy o 'bAdI

d'sok

a body • 'bodI

Olive is a shopper

'd30n IZ 0 'doke 'OilY IZ 0 'Sopo Olive watches John load a locked strong-box on a yacht in a lock at the docks I 'Oi,y I 'wotSIz 'd3on I 'loud 0 'Iokt 'strDQ-,boks I on. 'jot I In 0 'Iok I ,t o. 'doks I

24

d

a dog squatting on a rottcn log a 'dog 'SkWDtII) Dn-d 'rotn 'log

John 'd30n

I

adon

'dAn

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

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The zoologist wonders about bugs. The botanist wanders about bogs 00 z.u'010d3 Ist I 'wAnd.z I ob"ut 'bAgZ 10. 'botonIst I 'wondoz I obaut 'bogz 25

I

a~/D

:>!

a darn

a don

a tart

a tot

Cl'da:n

aldon

a'ta:t

a'tDt

a thought Cl

o

le):t

\

,

,

\'" " " " "".......", "

"

"0' ' -

a shark

a shock

a Rajah

·'Ia:k

• 'IDk

a'ra:d33

This cross-country runner is last. 'ars ,krDs~'kAntrr ,rAnar IZ Ila:st

26

Roger 'rod3·

n

I This cross-country runner is lost I'ors ,kros-,kAntrr ,rAnar IZ 'lost I

a yawn

CI't:>:k

Cl

"

a call .'b:1

'j:>:n

z/lE!'------ Maud

a walk Cl Iw):k

Paul 'po:l

-J1tfil~

-

"'-

...........

,,-

~

--~

~

\ \ I (

~

a talk

'/

~

/

a stormy dawn a 'st:>!mr 'd:>:n

Maud is short 'mo:d I3 'Io:t

Paul is tall 'po:l IZ 't):1

Maud I is walking I on the lawn. I Paul I is crawling I along a wall I Maud warns Paul I ' You'll fall!' I 'Not at all !' I retorts Paul I 'mo:d I IZ 'wo:kIg I Dn il. 'b:n I 'po:ll IZ 'kr:>:lrg I .IDg. 'wo:11 'm:>:d 'w:>:nz 'p:>:11 ju:1 '£0:1 I not. 'to:1 I rI,to:ts ,p:>:11

27

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.f). . . :

:'

,o

o

'

., ' I g V -',.

u

o

0

0

o o

o

a cork

a'b:k

a cock e 'kok

a dawn a'd::>:n

a butcher

a cook

• 'butf·

.'kuk

a bull • 'bul

a rook a'ruk

a don a'don

i~

&1

c=.J~

The cook looks at her cookery-book o. 'kuk 'Iuks .0: 'kuk.rr ,buk

She puts some sugar in the pudding fI 'puts ,.m 'fug.r In O. 'pudIQ

u/U!

The pudding looks good o. 'pudIQ ,Iuks 'gud a sport a 'sp::>:t

28

a spot

a corset

to cosset

e 'spot

a 'k):srt

ta 'kosrt

a warm hot water bottle

a dog's paw

a 'w):m ,hot 'w::>:ta ,botl

• 'dogz 'po:

Look I at Luke, I pulling a poor fool out of the pool I in the wood I 'Iuk I.t 'Iu:k I 'puIrQ. 'pu. 'fu:11 aut.v O. 'pu:11 In O. 'wud I

This foolish, bookish Duke I is too full I of good food I to move I a foot I Ihs 'fu:llf 'bukrf 'dju:k I IZ 'tu: 'full.v 'gud 'fu:d I t. 'mu:v I. 'fut I

29

)

U1

a rude uncouth youth a 'ru:d 'Anku:8 'ju:8

3:

Myrtle

.. 'm3:tl

a 'nju: 'mu:n

her purse h3: 'p."

a brute d

'bru:t

two new shoes 'tu: 'nju: 'Ju:z

her curl h3: 'k3:1

a goose

a stool

a dirty turtle

a 'gu:s

a'stu:1

a 'd3:tI In:tl

her jersey h3: 'd33:ZI

her skirt h3: 'sk3:t

a few used boots • 'fju: 'ju:zd 'bu:ts

an early bird I with a squirming earth-worm I .n '3:1r 'b3:d I WIO. 'skw3:mIQ '3:8-,w3:m I

a serpent 1lurking 1 amid the ferns 1 • 's3:p.nt I 'l3:kIQ I .mld 8. 'f3:nz I

Sue 'su:

Hugh 'hju:

Hllgh's tooth is loose 'hju:z 'tu:8 IZ 'Iu:s

Sue is beautiful 'su: IZ 'bjU:tlfI

Pearl 'p3:1

Pearl is a circlls girl 'p3:1 IZ a 's3:kas ,g3:1

Hugh I shoots I a moose I and loses his loose tooth 1 'hju: I 'Ju:ts I' 'mu:s I.nd 'lu:zIZ IZ 'Iu" 'tu:81 JO

Sue 1 is foolish 1and stupid 1 at school! as a rule I 'su: I IZ 'fu:hJ I.n 'stju:prd I .t 'sku:II'z, 'ru:11

I

An earl gave Pearl a fur 1and a circlet 1of pearls 1for her thirty-first birthday 1 an '3:11 gel V 'p3:1 a '£3: I and a 's3:kllt I aV 'p3:lz I fa h3: '83:tr 'f.:st 'b3:8deI I

Jl

a balloon a ba'lu:n

e

a banana a ba'na:na

Alderman Sir Edward Andcrson I is a prosperous

e

government official) at the Treasury \

~

'J:!daman

.~.,

Si3r

'edwad 'rendasan I IZ a 'prosparas

'gAvanmant a'frJII at oa 'tre3arr I

The comfortable apartment) of

!+

.,* a cactus

a connorant

an abacus

a 'k",ktas

a 'b:marant

an 'rebakas

Sir Edward I Anderson I at Aldeburgh I oa 'kAmftabl a'pa:tmant I ay sar 'edwad I ''''ndasan I at '"Idbara I

(~,

o

A professional burglar I has entered) the apartment I by a ladder I that was at the baek I of the house I

0

D o

0

a pra'feJnl 'b3:gla I haz 'entad I or a' pa:tmant I bar a 'I",da I oat waz at oa 'b",k I ay oa 'ha"s I

CJc::J

CJ

cS

CJ

a fashionable photographer

an adventurous professor

a 'f"'Janabl fa'tografa

an ad'ventJ<3ras pra'fesa

~

c::J CJ

CJ

c:::J

But an observant amateur I photographer i has focussed a camera I on the burglar I and summoned a police-constable bat an ab'Z3:vant 'remata I fa'tograf~ I h~z 'f~uk~st • 'k",mara I on ca 'b3:gla I and 'sAmand a pa'li:s-,kAnstabll

an amateur astrologer an 'tematar a'stroiad33 32

a professional astronomer

a pra'feJanl a'stronama

~

I

As the burglar leaves J there is a policeman J at the bottom I of the ladder I az oa 'b3:gla 'li:YZ I oaz a pa'li:sman at oa 'botam I ay oa 'I",da I

I

3J

/~"

a baby whale e 'belbl 'well

el

';--"::':~

~ .. ......... , ....,.........

a space-ship • 'spersJrp

an eye

a wide smile a 'wald 'small

an 'ar

aI

.",:

...........

'5?

a white kite I flying high in the sky a 'wart' kaIt I ,fiaIIQ 'har rn o. 'skar

~~~fum a sailor

a mate

a great wave

~ 'serl~

~

a I greIt 'weIV

Imelt

itit

a grey, rainy day a 'greI, 'reInI 'del

a stile a lstarl

daybreak 'der,brerk

Clive 'klaIV

a train I waiting I at a railway station I a 'treln I'WeltIl) I at a 'reIlweI ,sterJn

five white mice 'farv 'wart 'mars

f

*

Clive I climbs I high spires I at night r 'klarv I 'klalmz I 'haI 'sparoz I .t 'nartl

James 'd3 ermz

but frightfully shy I 'darn. I IZ 'kwart 'naIS I b.t 'frartf.II 'Jar I

Jane 'd3 eln

James I takes a cake

I

f,om Jane' s plate I 'd3elmz I 'telks. 'kerk I fr.m 'd3ernz 'plert I

34

))

a child • 'tJarld

Dinah I is quite nice, I

James I plays I with trains I and planes. \ 'd3ermz I 'plerz I wro 'trelnz I .nd 'plelnz I Jane I bakes I eight cakes I 'd3eln I 'berks I 'ert 'kelks I

a bicycle a 'baISlk!

Clive I decides I to invite Dinah I Dinah I decides I she would like to dine I to dine. I He tries to find a fine with Clivc I and arrives I on time, J white wine I but politely declines I the white wine I 'klalv I dI'saldz I to rn'valt 'dalna I 'daln. I dI'sardz I Jld 'lark t. 'darn I t~ 'daIn I hI 'traIz ta 'faInd a 'farn wro 'klalv, I .nd .'raIVz Ion 'tal m, I 'waIt 'warn I b.t pa'lartlI dI'klalnz I 00 'waIt 'waln I 35

:)1

Mr Hoyle

a boy

,n1Ista 'h:n!

a'b:>I

a quoit d

soil

~ Mr Hoyle I toils I with the soil

'kJIt

~Efs

ejer

o ~

,:r.,.n ........,. . . ,q .

I

'mIsta 'horll 'tnlz I wIooa 'snll

The boy I is adroit I with his quoit I

8a 'bn I Izo'droIt I WIO IZ 'knt

a taste

a test

a'terst

a 'test

I

a sailor a 'sella

they raced 'Cier'rerst

a seller a'sela

~n_

I rest 'ar rest I

a choice, moist oyster 'tIns, 'mnst 'nsta

~

~.

2~1~ a loyal royalist a 'bral 'r::HaIIst Joyee 'd3 jIS

Roy I is a noisy boy I 'r:n I IZ a 'nnZI ,b:n I

Joyee I enjoys annoying I Ray I 'd3jIS I In'd3 jIZ a'nj!IQ 'rOl I 36

Joyee I is spoilt Iand coy I 'd30lS I IZ 'spnit I and 'koI

David failed his exam ...

I

Roy destroys Joyce' s choicest toys 'rn dr'strnz 'd3JIsrz 'tInsIst 't::nz

'dervrd 'ferld

IZ

rg'z
Jane sails boats

'd3ern 'serlz 'bauts

so he felled the examiner! sac hi: 'feld or rg'zcemrna!

Jen sells boots 'd3en 'selz 'bu:ts 37

-0'\

er/a!

)rJaI

1//

:::/ /

I \

,,~

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:6

0

00

o@<>(!)

;o~@Q·.@1 '@o®O 0

Oc@®c

-~@~g~~~ )o@oO~

@o@oe

to

lay

ta'ler

to lie

a pain

apme

ta'lar

a'pern

a paIn

~®::o

I

good boys 'gud

hate

height

'hert

'hart

goodbyes 'gud 'balz

'b:HZ

the lake that I like aa 'Ielk oat aI 'Ialk

David baits his hook .. . 'delvld 'belts IZ 'huk .. . a point

a pint

a foil

a file

a 'pnnt

a 'paInt

a 'foIl

a 'fall

Joyee walks off with poise 'dJ::ns ,w):ks '::>fWIO 'pnz



Giles walks off with pies

=<<6'

="

rj§IiL~~~ ,,#;;'~rJ.~~~.

38

'd3ar1z ,w):ks '::>fWIO 'paIZ

and a whiting bites it and a 'waIt! IJ 'baIts It 39

ao

_"h;;:v;4,

a goat a'g;:)ut

a cone 'kaun

Cl

QO

a scowl • 'skaul

»J

J!

a note a'naut

a rose a'rauz

a scout 'skaut

a cow Cl 'kau

Cl

a plough a 'plau

a rout a 'raut

1~1 an overcoat

a,n 'auvakaut

poached eggs on toast pautJt 'egz on 'taust

an old coastal boat <;In 'aold 'kaustal 'baut

I

I

This owl has found a brown mouse I on the ground or5 'aul I az 'found a 'braun 'maus I on 0. 'graund I

I

a hound I with a grouse I in its mouth I

• 'hound I wrd. 'graus I In rts 'mouS I

proud 'proud

cowed 'kaud

JJ Joan

Joe 'd3",J

'd3,mn

Joan I is combing I her golden hair I Jae has a noble, Roman nose I 'd30un I rz 'k'lUmrQ 13: 'gouldon 'hEO I 'd3au h.:ez Cl 'ndubl 'rauman 'nauz I

•

])

mountains and fountains I moontanz and 'fauntanz

a round house

a 'round 'haus

•

•

I

I

I

Joe and Joan go for a stroll. Joe I shows Joan his roses I 'd30U I.n 'd3oun I 'gou f.r 0 'str.ul I 'd30U I 'J.uz 'd3oun IZ 'rouzrz I

40

I

I

I

Joan won't go home alone, so Joe goes home I withJoan I 'd30un I 'wount ,gou 'houm I o'loun I sau 'd3;;m ,gauz 'haum i'wle ,d3<:mn I

I I

I

I

I

I

The loud shouts and howls of the crowd oflouts from the town drown the sound of the vows of the devout on the mound 80 'laud 'Jauts I.nd 'houlz I.v 8. 'kraud I.v 'Iauts I fr.m 8. 'taun I 'droun 00 'sound I av o. 'vam I.v oa dr'vaut Ion ca 'mound I

I

I

I

41

euj,:>!

eU!3:

('iI2J~}"' ~

..

>41'''1

I" ... ",......"""',, . ,,"""

a phone a 'faun

a faun Cl

'b:n

a load a 'laud

a lord a'b:d

'kaulz

ajoke

.jerk

a'd3· uk

• 'd33: k

(~i~i··~

\·V

floating 'f1autIl)

flirting 'fl3:tI Q

~(oh! . . ~)\ a stoker a'stauka

a stalker

a'st:J:ka

2)

/····i~

[~o:) a hope .'haup

John I has bought his adoring daughter Joan I a motor-boat I with an outboard motor I 'd30n I az 'b>:t Iza'd>:rIQ 'd>:ta 'd3aun I • 'maut.-,b.ut I WlO.n '.utbo:d 'maut.1

42

a roller a'rauia

a ruler a 'ruda

a goal a 'gaul

a ghoul a 'gu:1 43

euju!

»

au/ cu

a spIre a 'spar;)

ala/ cua

a higher spire a 'hard 'spar'"

wc conspIre wi: kan'spara ~

a bow :;;.'bau

bow a 'bm;

a crone

cl

a 'kraun

a crown a 'kraun

a fowl Cl 'faul

~

some wIre sam 'ware

a tyre a 'tara

a fire Cl 'fala

J a tower a 'tau;;.

a towel a'tau@l

our I shower in a flowery bower!

au, 'Sou. I rn. 'flau,rr 'bou,

I

I

Howard I is a coward, says Brian

'hauod

o

44

I

I IZ. 'kauad I sez ,brar," I

0

a cold figure

a cowled figure

, 'k,uld 'frg'

, 'kauld 'frg,

I

I

Brian is a liar, says Howard

I

'braran I rz, 'Iara I sez ,hau,d

I

Brianl glowers I sourly I at Howard

I

'braran I 'glau,z I 'sou,lr I at 'houod

45

I

re

Ee .. '

a seer a 'SI;:)

fear

a spear

a'spIa

'fIa

a tear a tIa

a deer a'dId

tear

swear

'tEa

'SWEa

share 'JEa

I

despair dr'spEa

a theatre

I

I

various pairs of things to wear

I

A dreary peer sneers in the grand tier a 'drrarr 'pIa! 'snraz In 00 'gr"'nd 'no I

'YE-arras 'pEaz aY 'BII)Z ta 'WEd

I

I

At the rear they hear I the peer 1and jeer I at oa In;:} I oeI 'h,a I 00 'plar I an 'd3 ,a

Mary 'mEan

I

~C1[J(J I

I

Mary is scared j of fairies in th~ dairy 'mEan IZ 'skEad I av 'fe::3rIZ I In oa 'dEan

. But-here, clearly

the cheers for the hero arc really

I

fierce bat 'h,a 'klralI

The weary hero 1 King Lear is nead y in tears ca 'wraf! 'hrar<3u

l

11

'lrall

I

['kr~ IZ 'mal! In 'tIaz

Sarah 'SEara

I

I Sarah has fair hair 'sEara h
46

I

I

I

I

Fair-haired Sarah stares warily at the hairy bear, glaring from his lair 'IEa-'hEad 'SEara I 'maz I 'wEanlI I atoa 'hEan 'bEa 'glEan ~ Iram IZ 'lEa I

I

1

47

a pimple a 'plmpl

ua

a pipe

,

a'paIp

a pearl pin

,

a 'p3:1'prn

,= a spoor a 'spua

I

askua CI'skjua

a pork pie Cl

I

'fjual

a'djual

cF)

a paper a'perpa

1/

J

passport

a

'pa~sp;):t

'p):k 'par

~ a paper plate Cl 'perpa 'piert

i!

\

a pIe-packed picnic a 'pri:,'prekt 'prknrk

@

- __

people

.~~~~Y5

1f'1)11Si-j

0,. t

a poor curate Cl 'PUd 'kjuarat

I

a dour, cruel, furious boor a 'dua 'krual'fjuarias 'bui':)

I

curious tourists with their courier 'kjuarras 'tuansts I wr8 cEa 'kuarra I A lurid mural is sure to lure curious tourists a 'Ijuand 'mjuarall 13 'Sua ta 'Ijua I 'kjuanas 'tuarISts

I

48

p

I

I

a lurid mural a 'Ijuand 'mjuaral

!

a puppy

portrait of a plump, prosperous, purposeful passenger

a'pApr

'p):trert av Cl 'pIAIl1P,

I

I

Pretty Polly Perkins has a pair of pretty plaits 'pntI pOll I 'p"klnzl h~z a 'p£ar av 'pntr 'pl;:ets

'prDspar<~s,

I

I

I

'p.3:pasf! 'pa'.:!sIl1d3a

I

Pat peeps at Pip playing the piano 'paot I 'pi:ps at 'PIP I 'pleI! Q I (la pI '",nau I

I

I

49

b

p/b @ a bow

a bible

a baboon

a suburb

~'bau

o 'balbl

o bo'bu:n

o'sAb3:b

,,,I,/•... ~

"'''' .... ~ .. ~" ..-.......~,.".'''.''' ...•• \\II...

a large pack

a large back

o 'la:d3 'p"'k

0

'la:d3 'b",k

" ... "'' •• ''', "',.

a poppy 0

'pOPI

H

t.\\I/""''''~I ..

a bobby 0

'bobI

a big pig 0

'bIg 'pIg

Bessie I the buxom barmaid I bringing a bottle I of best brown I beer I from the bar I atthe back I of the 'Bull I and Bush' I

'beSI I eo 'bAksm 'ba:meld I ,brIQIQ o 'botll ov 'best 'braun I 'b,O I from 00 'ba: otoo b",k ov 00 'bull on 'buJ

I

I

I

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people praying 'pi:pl 'preIIQ

0 0

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asses braying '
o

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Barbara I is a beautiful blonde I with bright blue eyes I Barbara I is baclling I blissfully in a bubble-bath I

'ba:boro IZ 0' bjU:tlfl 'blond I Wle 'broIt 'blu: 'aIZ I 'ba:boro I IZ 'beloIQ 'blrsfolI In 0 'bAbl-,ba:6 I

Barbara's baby I brother I Bobby I is bouncing I a big beach-ball 'ba:boroz 'belbI I 'brAOO I 'bobI I IZ 'baunsIQ

50

I

I 0 'bIg 'bi:tJ-,bo:11

I

A bold spy I put a big bomb in a pork pie I

The pork pie I blew up I a politician with a big bang I in a public bar I

I

o 'bould 'spaI I ,put 0 'bIg 'bom In 0 'po:k 'pal I

I

I

00 'po:k 'pal I 'blu: 'Ap I 0 pDII 'trSn WIO 0 'bIg 'b"'Q I In 0 'pAblrk 'ba: I

I SI

a top hat

a tear i3 't£<:l

t

a tit

two teeth 'tu: 'ti:8

a 'tIt

a tic

a 'top 'heet

•

~ an adder an 'reda

a toadstool i3 'taudstu:1

~

a tired tramp a 'tarad 'trcemp

Bf6

\~ <:l'dromrdarr a dromedary

a dog a 'dog

~ 1,

a dodo • 'daudau

0

d

a dead duck a 'ded 'dAk

a distant, arid, dusty desert a 'dIstant, ';:end, 'dAstI 'dezat

00 00 00

0008&/Bo 00 ooooooo68~

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Bggdb~D~Cbao () oooooDo8§fJ5 coa°C!1WQooooa oooooo~oooo

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0

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~~g8£PooJ{g \} OOOOOOOODOo gg61S8g8g~g ~%g~gBDQ,'g

===~

Deirdre I is the dowdy daughter I of the Duke I ofDundas I 'd,.d" I IZ oa 'daudI 'do:ta I .Y 1\a 'dju:k I ay 'dAndas I

ooogSo@;?S~

o08oooocoo

0°00000000

o 00000000 O~OOIDOOO §=bDD ggsg gg,o~

eight tall trees 'ert 't:):l 'tri;z

"

~ ~ (---,) I'~ .

..

0000

a tottering tower a 'tDtarI!] 'taua

I

a tattered straw hat a 'tcetad 'str:>: 'heet

~I'

-c;rw

\~j " "---../.

two terrible twins 'tu: 'terrbl 'twrnz

I I

a tea tray I \vith toast, I tarts and a pot of hot strong tea I to tempt the twins

a 'ti; ,treI I WIO 'taust I 'ta;ts and a 'pDt I av 'hDt 'strDIJ 'ti: I ta 'tempt 0<:1 'twlnz I

52

Deirdre is dreaming I

a dreadful dream I 'dIad" rz'dri;mIQ a 'dredfi 'dri:m I

She dreams I of her dear old darling Daddy, I held deep down I in a dark, dank, dirty dungeon, I doomed to die I on her wedding day I fI 'dri:mz I .y h3: 'd,.r auld 'da:IIQ 'd",d, I held 'di:p 'delun I In a 'da;k 'dreDk 'd3:tI 'dAnd3n I 'du;md ta 'daI I on h3: 'wedIQ ,del I

53

a crown

~ 'kraun

k

a cake

tNEr ~

a guide a'gald

a crumpet ~ 'krAmpIt

'kelb

Q

a 'ga:g)!1

( ) crockery 'krokarr

QV

QUi a king a'kIQ

The cake is like a rock! oa 'kerk IZ ,laIk a 'rok

~~ ~ I =

:g:rgOYle

the cook who baked the cake oa 'kuk hu: 'belkt oa 'kelk

o

an ogre an 'auga

g

o

II®II

The guide gazes at the gargoyle oa 'gald 'geIZIz at oa 'ga:goII

a glass a 'gla:s

17 U The ogre gargles with gusto 01 'auga 'ga:glz WIO 'gAstau

a girl guide I giggling I at a glum guardsman I guarding the gates I a 'g3!1 'gald I 'gIgIIQ I at a 'glAm 'ga:dzman I 'ga:dlQ 00 'gelts I

Ken quite likes Kate. I Kate doesn't care I for Ken I 'ken' kwaIt 'laI ks 'ken I 'keIt 'dAznt 'k,a I fa 'ken I

!

Ken catches Kate and kisses her I quickly I 'ken 'k"'tJIZ 'keIt I aQ 'kISIZ3! I 'kWlklI I

A garden I overgrown with grass I and gorse I is no good I for guests I a 'ga:dn J 'auva'graun WIO 'gra:s I oQ 'go:s I IZ 'nau 'gud I fa 'gests I

Kate cries, I kicks and screams. I Ken cowers I in the corner I 'keIt 'kralz I 'krks an 'skri:mz I 'ken 'kauaz I In oa 'bona I

54

Ken cures Kate I with a quick cup I of coffee I and a cream cake I 'ken 'kjuaz 'kelt I WIO a 'kwlk 'kAP I av 'kDf! I and a 'kri:m 'kelk

I 55

A IliTI

tJ

~ ,~LlJn~

a chubby child

a chair

o 'tIAbr 'tIarld

a'tJE!;}

'l:B' -$ <$~g3$a' c&:'&'091$'.g?'i€'''8'B!; a''i'S'.~''.

a church

an arch

o 'tf3OtI

an 'a:tS

a jelly

ajuicyorange a 'd3u:S1 'pnnd3

0'd3elr

a large jug

d3

\

o 'la:d3 'd3Ag

'. f£

if a watch-chain and watch o 'wotI-,tfern and 'wotI

gingerbread 'd3rnd30bred

ajam-jar 'd3cem, d3a:

d

Jeremy Jones 'd3eramI 'd3aunz

Charles scratching his itching chin 'tIa:lz 'skr"'tIr~ rz 'rtIr~ 'tIrn Charles is a cheerful chicken-farmer 'tIa:lz IZ 0 'tIrofi 'tIrkrn-,fa:mo

I

1

~

A poacher I is watching I Charles's chickens, ! choosing which to snatch J He chuckles I at the chance I of a choice chicken I to chew I for his lunch I o 'poutIor I rz 'wotIr~ I 'tIa:lzrz 'tIrkrnz I 'tIu:zr~ 'WItIto 'so;etf I hr 'tIAklz I at 00 'tIa:ns I ay 0 'tIns 'tIrkrn I to 'tIu: I for rz 'IAntf I

an aged judge 00 'erd3rd 'd3Ad3

a jolly jury o 'd3olr 'd3uorr

But the chuckle reaches Charles, I who chases the poacher I and catches him I bot 00 'tIAkl 'ri:tIrz 'tIa:lz I hu: 'tIeISrzoa 'poutIor I o~ 'k;etIrzrm I

~ 56

The aged judge I urges the jury I to be just I but generous I

or 'erd3rd 'd3Ad31 'a:d3rz 80 'd3uorr I to br 'd3ASt I bot 'd3eoaros

I 57

tJld3

Q) F?

tr/dr

a chick • 'tfI k

I

°1\

0

afly~

aJug • 'd3Ag

a chill • 'tfII

I

~

i>l

a face a 'fers

---=half a loaf 'ha:fa'l.m

a knife a 'naIf

a drill

a trill a'tn!

Jill 'd3I1

/

f

a'drrl

~.

~ . r--. . . . . . . ·0·

~

t

four friends '£0: 'frendz

fifteen ruffians 'frf'ti:n 'rAfranz

The rough, tough ruffians! make fierce faces I to frighten the four friends I a. 'rAf 'tAf'rAfr.nz I melk 'fr.s 'feISIZ I t. 'fraltn a. '£0: 'frendz I a huge treasure-chest I on a large Chinese junk • 'hju:d3 ' tre3.-,tfest I on. 'la:d3 'tfaln;:z 'd3ADk I J

nua ]oe plays]azz 'd3atJ ,plelZ 'd3""

58

,Wl

I

.I

,

,{

Richard plays chess 'rrtf.d ,plelz 'tfes

The friends I f1ght off the ruffians I 8. 'frendz I 'fart 'of o. 'rAf,.nz I Four oafs Ifall flat on the floor, I and the rest flee I in fear I '£o:r '.ms I '£0:1 'flret I on 8. 'fI" I.nd 8. 'rest 'fI;: I In 'fr. I

59

3

v

3 '8ri:

a stove a'stauv

a vest

VIce

virtue

a 'vest

'vaIS

'V3:tjU:

33 33,333 33

33,333

'93:u'9ri:

'S3:tr I 'Bri: I 'Baoznd I 'Bri: I 'hAndr.d I n 'B3:tr I 'Bri:

Arthur Smith, 1 a thick-set, healthy athlete 1 sees three thieves

I( seven evil devils 'sevn 'i:vl 'devlz Victor 'vlkta

Vivian 'vlvlan

a village vicar a 'VIlrd3 'Ylka Eve 'i:v

Vivienne 'vlvI'en

Every evening,

(3

1

throw a thong I round Thea's throat I and threaten to throttle her 'a:B. 'smrS I. '8rkset 'helBr '",Bli:t I si:z 'Bri: 'Bi:vz I '8r.o. 'BoD I raund 'Br.z 'Br.ot I.n 'Bretn t. '8rotl • I

I

cj:ILTHYi) ~

Victor and Vivian visit Eve I 'evn 'i:VOID I 'VI ktar an 'VIVIan 'VIZIt 'j:v I Victor I and Vivian I are rivals 'vrkt.r I.n 'vrvr.n I. 'rarvlz I

Both vow 1 to love Eve 1 forever 1 'b.uB 'vau I t. 'lAY 'i:v I f.' rev. I But Eve is very vain. I Vivienne I is vivacious I and full of verve I bat 'I:V IZ 'ven 'veIn I VIVI'en I IZ VI'verJas I an 'ful av 'Y3:V I Eventually, Victor gives Eve up I and goes over to Vivienne, I

leaving Eve 1 to Vivian 1 r'ventJo.lr 'vrkt. grvz 'i:v 'AP I an gauz 'auva ta Vlvr'en I 'Ii!VIl] 'i:v I ta 'VIVlan I

60

He throws one thug I to earth I with a thud I that shakes his teeth

I

Both the other thieves run offl with a fllthy oath 1 hr 'Br.oz 'WAn 'BAg I tu '3:BI wrCl. 8Ad I o.t 'Jerks IZ 'ti:BI 'b.oB ilr 'Ail. 'Bi:vz 'rAn 'of I wr8. 'frlBr '.uBI

Thea 1 thanks Arthur 1 for thrashing the three thugs 1 'Br. 'B"'Dks 'a:B.1 f. 'Br"'Jr D8. 'Bri: 'BAgZ I

6r

weather

fjB

a laugh

a

a lath 0'10:8

a'la:f

wreaths 'ri:oz

a feather o 'Ieoo

a leather tether a 'Ieaa 'teoa

"'V

a thin Finn

",'Srn 'fIn

Frances has a First 'fra:nsIs heez a 'f3:St

Smooth breathing I is rather soothing I 'smu:o 'bri:oIQ I IZ 'ra:oa 'su:chg !

These bathers I are breathing! through their mouths I 'oi:z 'belOOZ I a 'bri:oIQ 8ru: OEO 'mauoz I

I

Frands has a thirst 'fra:nsIs h
I

These are three brothers 'oi:z a '9ri: 'brAoaz

This is their other brother 'OIS IZ DEar 'Aaa 'brAoa

If!1. This useful thread is free 'chs 'ju:sfl '8red IZ 'fri:

62

This youthful Fred is three 'OIS 'ju:8fi 'Ired IZ '8ri:

These are their father and mother 'oi:z a OEa 'fa:oar an 'mAoa

Their other brother is teething OEar 'Aoa 'brAoor IZ 'ti:OIQ

6)

some spinsters Sem'SpInstaz

s

a zoo a 'zu:

cages

'kerd3rz

several mice

----~

a saucer a 's):sa

seven sausages 'sevn 'SDSld3IZ

prison bars 'prrzn 'ba:z

a zebra e'zebra

r1JJ.maiiJR ~~~ azebu a 'zi:bju:

daisies 'deIZIz

Sue I and Cecily I are sisters I 'su: I .nd 'SISIII I • 'sIStaz I Sue I is sixteen I this summer

I

'su: I IZ srk'sti:n I (lIS 'SAm. I Cecily I was seventeen I last Sunday I 'SISIII I w.z 'sevnti:n Ila:st 'sAnd I I

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Zoe is visiting the zoo 'zauI IZ 'VIZItI IJ 8a 'zu:

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A lazy zebra I called Desmond I is dozing I at the zoo

I

He feels flies I buzzing I round his eyes, I ears and nose I a 'Iew 'zebra I ,b:ld 'dezmand I IZ 'daozrQ I.t oa 'zu: I hr 'ft:lz 'fiarz I 'bAZID I raond rz 'alz I 'raz and 'n.uz I

Sue I is sowing I grass I seed. I She sees Cecily I asleep I with a glass I of cyder I and a nice sixpermy ice I by her side. Sue I slips across, I sips the glass I of cyder I and eats the ice I 'su: I IZ 's.uID I 'gra:s I ,si:d I II 'si:z 'SI sIll I .'sli:p I WI(l. 'gla:s I.v 'sald.l.nd. 'sIkspanI 'als I baI3: ,saId I 'su: I 'SlIPS a'krDs I 'SIPS (l. 'gla:s lav 'saldaland 'i:ts or 'als I

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Cecily I gets such a surprise I

when she wakes I ,sISrlr I gets 'sAtI a s.'prarz I wen Ir 'werks I

He rouses, I opens his eyes, I rises and goes I to Zoe I Zoe I is wearing a rose! on her blouse. I Zoe gives Desmond these buns

hr 'rauzrz I '.up.nz IZ 'alz I 'rarzrz.D 'gauz I t. 'z.ur I

'zeUl

64

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I lZ 'WEanl) e 'reuz Ion 3: 'blalUZ I 'zaUl 'gIVZ 'dezmend 'oi:z 'bAnz 1 65

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The third Thursday I of this month I is the sixteenth I 8. 'S"d 'S"zdr I.v 'chs 'mAnS I rz 8. 'srk'sti:nS I

8,0/ S,Z

a path a 'po:_8

a pass a 'pa:s

a race a'ren

5:,Z

a wraith

a'reIB

.

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Mosquitoes are rising . .. mos'ki:tauza'raIZIIJ The cook thickens the soup Ba 'kuk '8Ikanz ca 'su:p

8,01

The soup sickens the cook oa"su:p 'sIkanz 8a 'kuk

The flShermen are writhing 8. 'frJ.m.n. 'r.rorg

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w This atheist has lost faith OIS 'erSnst az 'lost 'ferS 66

This asiatic has lost face dIS eIJI'cetIk az 'lost 'feIS

an endless fence I across the endless fens I .n 'endlrs 'fens I .'kros or 'endlrs 'fenz I

a few pens 1 costing a few pence I • 'fju: 'penz I ,kostrg. 'fju: 'pens

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67

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rubbish 'rAbIJ

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, wf rf f ~I f f W ',

.. '. '. ... : ::", ~. ..... .

t/iiJi7;trri7 f

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• . • '0'

Sheila 'II:lo

:

a rash o'r;:eJ

a shawl 0

camOUflage'

invasion

'kremafla:3

In ' veI3n

a traditional politician o tro'dIJonl PoII'UJn

'Jo:1

a VISIon

a' vI 3n

This shop is a fish shop 'ilIJ 'JoP IZ 0 'frI ,fop

treasure

'tre 3a a tape measure a 'terp ,me3a

rouge 'ru:3

a mission station in the bush o 'mIJn ,steIJn In 00 'boJ

I

I

I

I

Sheila has just fmished washing this sheet in her washing-machine 'II:lo I haz 'd3 Ast 'ilnlIt I 'wDJIQ 16 IJ 'Ji:t I 'WOIIQ moJI:n I

68

In"

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The unusual confusion! surrounding the revision I of the decision I regarding the seizure I and closure I of the garage I is surely due I to some measure I of collusion I ill An'ju:3wal kon'fju:3n I sa,raundIQ 00 rr'vI3n I.v 8. dI'SI3n I rI,ga:dla o. 'sl:3.r I.nd 'kl.U3.r I ov 8. 'g.,ra:31 13 'Ju.1r 'dju: I t. ,SAm 'me3.r I.v k.'lu:3 n I

69

@

m

n the moon

..,

6a'mu:n

a maid a'meld

a lamp • 'hemp

a milkman a 'mIlkman

I

I

Marmaduke and Mary have mumps

some mushrooms sam 'mAJru:mz

I

'ma:m.dju:k I.m 'mEOri I h",v 'mAmps I

a thin man

nine nuns

a '9rn 'ma::n

'narn 'nAnz

I

Naughty Nancy has bent the knitting needles and knotted Nanny's knitting 'n::;,:tl 'mensI I haz 'bent a. 'nltIQ ,ni:dlz I.n 'nDtrd 'n",nrz 'nrtrQ I

They mustn't munch I marmalade 1 sandwiches! at the moment. I says Mummy eel 'mAsnt 'mAntJ I 'ma:m.leld I 's",mwld3IZ I.t e. 'm.um.nt I sez 'mAmI I

I

I

An immense mammoth 1in the museum I at Memphis I .n I'mens 'm",m.81 rn 8. mju:'zIOm I.t 'memfrs I

Henry hands his nephew Nigel a brand-new pound-note on Sundays 'henn 'hamdz IZ 'nevju: 'nardzl

I

I

a 'br;;en'nju: 'paund'naut I on 'sAndlz I

The museum I has many memorable monuments I to the memory of

some remarkable members I of the Moslem community I 8a mju:'zIam I hcez 'menr 'memarabl 'mDnju:mants 1 ta 6a 'memarI av som rr'ma:k.bl 'memboz I'v a. 'mDzl.m k.'mju:nltI I

70

I

I I

I

I

I I

I

Norman Brown signs his name again and again with a fine pen line 'nJ:m.n 'braun 'salnz lZ 'nelm I.'gen I.nd a'gen Wl8. 'farn 'pen ,laIn

I

I 7l

a pair of robins a 'pEar av 'robrnz

IJ

a shipwrecked mariner a 'Jrp,rekt 'm
r

a wreck a'rek

an anchor

an 'aelJka

a monkey a'mAIJI
string 'strIfJ

a stronger singer a 'strolJga ,SIl)a

a smger a'SI!]d

I

a strong young monk beating a hanging gong a 'strcg 'jAg 'mAQk I

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'bl:tIg a 'h"'gIg 'gog

This rusty wreck I has run aground I on the rocks I of the Barrier Reef I ors 'rAstr 'rek I az 'rAn a'ground I on oa 'roks I av oa 'bcerra 'ri:f I

I

I

a ringed finger

a 'rIQd 'fIgga

,....{ ....\~,

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I

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English rankers marching along singing a rousing drinking-song

'IOgIrJ 'r"'oka, I 'ma:tJIg .'Iog I 'SIgIQ

72

I. 'rOtlZIQ 'drrgkIg-sog I

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Rowena I is very rich I and rides I her mare I in Rotten Row I rau'i:na 1IZ 'verI 'rrtJ I and 'rardz 13: 'mEar I In 'rotn 'rat} I

73

r

O!

c

f\ a laugh • 'Io:f

a look

a'luk

~ a leer a 'Ira

a smile

a'smaII

an apple .n ''''pi

a luggage label • 'IAgld3 ,Ielbl

Strawberries, I raspberries and red-currants I with real cream I are really very refreshing I

'stro:brrz I 'ro:zbrrz .nd 'red'kM.nts I WIO 'rr.1 'kri:m I. ,n.II 'verr rr'freJI~ I

This little girl I called Lucy, I left all alone, I loves her small doll I '/lIS 'IItI 'g>:11 ,b:ld 'lu:sI, I ,left ',,:I.'I.on, I 'IAVZ>: 'smo:l 'doll This train I and its trucks I are trapped 1by a tree-trunk I across the track I

'OIS 'treln I.nd Its 'trAks I • 'tr"'pt I baI •

'tri:,trA~k

I.'kros 8. 'tr",k I a lark a'la:k

Three hundred readers I used the library I reading room I in the period I from February to April. I reports the librarian 'Sri: 'hAndr.d 'ri:d.z I 'ju:zd 0. 'Ialbrarr I 'ri:dI~ ,ru:m I In 0. 'pI.rr.d I fr.m 'febro.rr tu 'elpr.1 I rr ,po:ts 5. laI,brE.rr.n I

74

A noble old lion I and lioness I lying asleep I in their lair I • 'n.obl.old 'laI.n I .nd 'laI.'nes I 'laII~ .'sli:p I In 8E. 'lEa I

75

h

I a haddock a 'h::edak

a small pool 1lying on a low hill 1on a large island 1in a lovely lake 1 in theW elsh hills 1 a 'smo:l 'pu:11 ,laII~ on a 'Iou 'hIli Dn a 'la:d3 'arl.nd I In a 'IAvlr 'Ielk I In oa 'welS 'hII. ! Eleven local lads 1and lasses 1dancing I round the village 1 maypole 1 to a tuneful old melody 1 I'levn 'Iaukl 'I",d! In 'lzesIZ I 'do:nSI~ I round oa 'vllrd31 'melpa,,11 tu a 'tju:nfi auld 'meladI I

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a heron

a 'heran

a hare a 'hs:a

a hippopotamus a hrp;;:.'potamas

I

a hawk

a hyena

a 'h:>:k

a haI'i:na

a herring

a 'hen!)

I

a hedgehog .'hed3hog

Humble, hairy Herbert 1 has his hand on his heart 1 'hAmbl 'h.ar; 'h>:bat I "re.IZ 'h"nd on IZ 'ha:t I

s:_ _ _ f The tall pole topples 1and falls, 1but all the people laugh 1 and the lads and girls are still able to smile 1 00 'to:l 'paul 'topl! I and '{:):I! I bat '0:1 oa 'pi:pl 'Io:f I an 80 'I",dz OD 'g3:lz a 'strl 'elbl to 'small I 76

Henry's horse 1has hurt his hoof 1in a hole 1while hunting 1 Henry helps him 1 to hobble home I 'henrIz 'h):s I az 'h3:t IZ 'hu:f 1In a 'haul I wall 'hAntIQ I 'henrr 'helps Im I to 'hobl 'haurn I 77

a curious curate a 'kjuarI3S 'kjuarat

Ellen heats up the pie 'elan 'hi:ts hp 8a 'par

a young yak a 'jAa 'jrek

Helen eats up the pie 'helan 'i:ts hp oa 'pal

Young Una 1 is beautiful 1 and alluring in her superb new yellow tunic!

.

'jAa 'ju:n'l IZ 'bjU:tIfll.nd .'Ijo.rra In 3! sjU:'p3!b ,nju: 'jel.u 'tju:nIk I Ellen looks after her heir 'elan luks 'a:fta h3:r 'Ea

Ellen and Hannah like harbours 'eI.n .nd 'hren.laIk 'ha:boz

78

a yelping yapping terrier a 'jelpII) 'j::ePII) 'terra

I

1

Una's tutor I Hugo I is an amusing humorous musician I

'ju:n.z 'tju:t. I 'hju:g.u I IZ.n .'mju:zra 'hju:mor.s mju:'ZI)n

I

Helen looks after her hair 'hel.n luks 'a:ft.r 3! 'hE'

Helen and Anna like arbours 'helan and 'aena lark 'a:baz

Hugo's tuneful duet I for tuba I and euphonium I is musically unique I ~hju:g.uz 'tju:nfl dju:'et I fa 'tju:b'l.nd ju:'f.unI.m I IZ 'mju:zr'k.II ju:'ni:k

I

79

w

the wild West Oi;l'walld 'west

a window a 'wlndau

vjw a vale a 'veri

a whale

a VIper

a Wlper

a 'well

a 'varp'3

'" 'walpa

a worse verse ;) 'W3:S 'V3:S

a weeping willow a 'Wi:PII) 'wllau

a wicked woman d 'wrkId 'v·romen

a sweet white wine e 'swi:t 'wart 'warn

a WIg

a 'WIg

William I is worried I about woodworm I in the woodwork I of his wardrobe I 'wllj~m

I IZ 'wAnd I ~baot

'WUQW3!m ! In oa 'WUdW3:k

o

I .Y IZ 'wo:dr.ub I

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Why is the worse verse wor:;e than the first verse?

'war 'W3:S

IZ

oa

5,w

'W3:S 'V::l:S

oa 'f3:St ,V3:S

e> William always wears a very warm woollen vest I in winter I 'wIij;;'!m ':dwaz 'Wfi.:az do 'ven 'w):m 'wu!an 'vest I rn 'wlnta I

I

I

Whywouldn'tWalterwash with water that wasn't warm? JWalterworks at a waxworks I and wax won't wash off] without warm water I 'war 'wudnt 'wo:lt. ;woJ I w18 'wo:t.I 8.t 'woznt 'wo:m I 'wo:lt. 'w3:ks I "t. 'meks,w3:ks I"nd 'w",ks 'w.ont ,wnJ 'of I WI'oaut 'wo:m 'wo:t"l

80

I

Victor, however, will never wear woollen underwear, I even in theWild West I 'vlkt~ hau'eva wrl 'neva ,wE-a 'wulan 'And<:lWEa I 'i:vn In oa 'war Id 'west I

81

r.n

V.!

c:

o 'iii

a Greek spy a 'gri~k 'spar

c:

o

a Greek's pie a 'gri:ks 'par

:r.n ,>

'S;:

~

'E

~

"'0

an ice-house

a nice house a 'nars 'haus

"E

an 'ars,haus

~

a nation o 'neIJn

an Asian on 'eIJn John said that all men could come 'd3Dn sed Oat ':>:1 men ked ,kAm

Joan said the tall men could come 'd30un sed 50 't,:1 men k.d 'kAm

~l

Ice cream

~//IA

,aIS

Joy sleeps 'd3" 'sl;:ps

a grey tabby a grer 't<:ebI I

82

'kri:m

Joyce leaps 'd 3"s'I;:ps

a great abbey a 'gren I aebr

I saw her race a1 'S): h3: 'rers

I saw her ace a1 'S): h3:r 'ers

83

TivcJrd indexes These indexes contain the words used in the book, either in the inflected form in which they actually occur, or in their simple unillflectcd form. They provide teachers and students with classifted word material, which can be used for further practice or systematic revision. Page references are not given. but the indexes are presented both in a normal and a reverse form. In both cases the order of phonemes in the word serves as a basis rather than the order of letters. The' alphabetic order' is then provided by the order in which the phonemes are introduced in the book (see the table of contents, pp. 5-6). The forward index groups together words which alliterate but contrast in the final segment. The reverse index brings together those which rhyme, but contrast in the initial segment. By reference first to the forward index, then to the reverse index, all words in the book exempiifying a given phoneme in initial and fmal position are immediately available. (The underlined words have been recorded on the tape.)

Forward index This index groups words according to their initial phonemes. It provides alliterative sets and contrasting sets of vowels and final consonants. i: eat, Eve, even, evening, evil, easy. I it, expensive, expansive,~m, examine, itch, itching, eventually, is, ~mense, in, enjoy, invasion, Ed1glish,.eleven.--e ~,~, every, enter, end, en ess, Ellen. ae ~, abbey, abacus,~, adder, avid, athlete, ass, amateur, Anne, Anna, --and, Anderson, anchor. A other, underwear, unusual, uncouth. a: are, arbour, art, arty, arch, after, Arthur, arm. D off, of, on, orange, Olive. " or, all, alderman, Aideburgh. u; ooh! 3: er ... , urge, earth, earthworm, urn, earL a apart, ap;rtn1.eirt; observe, adoring, adVenturous, adroit, again, aground, astronomer, astrologer, asleep, amid, amusing, annoying, arrive, alone, alluring. eI able, eight, ~, aged, atheist. ~. Asian. aI !, :1:.. ice, eyes, island. ::n oyster. au oh!, open, ogre, oaf. over, overcoat, overgrown, oath, old. au our, out, outboaw,owl. ---la ear. Ea heir. 84

p

peep. people, piece, pip, picnic, pig, pimple, pin, pet, pedal, pen, penny, pence, pens, pat, Pat, paddle, pack, passenger, puppy, public, puck, puff, park, path, pass, passport, palm, poppy, pot, Pally, politician, paw, portrait, pork, Paul, put, putting, pudding, pull, pulling, pool, purposeful, Perkins, purse, pearl, potato, policeman, politely, paper, pain, pipe, pies, pine, pint, poise, point, poach, poacher, pole, pound, peer, period, pair, poor, pre-packed, pretty, prison, prosperous, professor, professional, pray, proud, plait, play, plate, played, plane, plough, piano. b bee, beat, beach, beast, bean, because, big, biscuit, bin, Bcssie, bent, bat, batter, battle, battler, back, band, bang, bank, banker, barrier, bubble, but, butter, butler, buddy, buck, buxom, bug, buzz, bun, bunker, bar, Barbara, bard, bark, bath, bars, barmaid, barn, bobby, bottom, bottle, body, bog, bomb, bought, ball, book, bookish, butcher, bush, bull, boot, bird, burglar, birth, birthday, baboon, banana, balloon, baby, bait, bake, bathe, bather, by, bible, bite, bicycle, boy, bow (au), boat, both, bone, bold, bow (au), bower, bounce, beer, bear, boor, breathe, bring, breath, brand, brother, brute, bray, break, bright, brown, blissful, black, blot, block, blonde, blue, blew, blouse, beautiful. t tea, tin, Ted, tether, tempt, ten, tent, terrier, terrible, tabby, tank, tankard, tough, tart, top, topple, tot, totter, talk, tall, took, too, two, tooth, turtle, tape, take, tic, tyre, tired~me, toy, toil, toe, toad, toadstool, toast, tower, towel, town, tier, tear (la), tear (Ea), tour, tourist, tree, tree-trunk, trick, trill, treasure, treasury, trap, track, tramp, truck, tradition, tray, train, try, trousers, tuba, tutor, tunic, tuneful, twins, twelve. d deep, decline, devout, decision, decide, despair, distant, destroy, dish, dead, devil, desert, Desmond, Dad, Daddy, dank, duck, dust, dusty, does, doesn't, dun, Dundas, dungeon, dark, darn, dance, darling, dock, docker, docks, dog, don, doll, daughter, dawn, do, doom, dirt, dirty, day, daybreak, David, daisy, die, dine, Dinah, dodo, doze, dowdy, down, deer, dear, dearly, Deirdre, dairy, dour, dream, drink, drill, dread, dreadful, drug, dromedary, drown, drear, dreary, due, duct, duel, duke. k kitten, kick, kitchen, kiss, king, Ken, cap:cat, cactus, catch, camouflage, camera, can, cannon, cup, Cuthbert, custard, cousin, come, comfort, comfortable, country, constable, carp, carpet, cart, calf, castle, can't, cock, coffee, cosset, cost, cork, corset, cormorant, corner, call, called, cook, cookery, curl, curly, community, confusion, conspire, collusion, Kate, cake, cage, kite, coy, quoit, coat, coast, coastal, comb, conc, coal, cold, cow, coward, cowed, cowl, cowled, care, courier, cream, crusty, crumpet, crock, crockery, cross, crawl, cry, crone, crowd, crown, cruel, clap, climb, closed, closure, clear, cure, curious, curate, cube, quick, quickly, quite. g giggle, get, guest, garage, government, gusto, gun, guard, garden, guardsman, gargle, gargoyle, gong, gorse, good, goose, ghoul, girl, gate, gave, gaze, guide,~, goat, goal, gold, golden, greedy, Greek, grand, grass, grey, great, grow, grown, grouse, ground, glove, glum, glass,

85

glower, glare.

tJ

cheap, cheese, chips, chicken, chin, chill, check, Czech, chess, chest, chubby, chuckle, chance, Charles, chop, chew, choose, church, chase,

r

chain, Chinese, child, choice, €heer, cheerful, chair.

d3 Jean, gin,Jill, Jeremy,Jen, generous, jelly, jacket, jazz, jam-jar, jug,judge, just, jump, jar, John, jolly, juicy, jerk, jersey, J ames, Jane, Giles, k'r,-J oyce, Joe, J oan, Jones, jeer, jury. f feet, feel, fit, figure, fifteen, fish, Finn, fmish, fmger, Philip, Philippa, fllth, filthy, February, feather, fen;fence, fens, fell, fat, fact, fashion, fashionable, father, farm, farmer, farmyard, fog, for, four, fought, faun, fall, full, food, fool, foolish, fur, first, fern, photographer, forever, faith, face, fail, fire, flght, five, fine, fmd, file, foil, photogr~ph, focus, phone, foal, fountain,

Ray, royal, row(ou), Rowena, rope, robe, rose, Rome, roll, roller, row (au) , rout, rouse, round, rear, real, really, rarc. leap, lead, leaf, leave, little, lid, list, letter, leg, left, leather, lad, ladder, lass, ramp, luggage, love, lover, lovely, lunch, lark, large, laugh, larva, lath, last, lot, lock, log, lost, lord, lawn, look, loose, Lucy, lose, lurk,~, label,

found, fowl, fear, fierce, fair, fairy, fair-haired, Freda, Fred, friend,

lake, lazy, lie, liar, lion, lioness,hbrary, like, line, loyal, low, load, local, loaf, lout, loud, Lear, leer, lair, lure, lurid.

Francis, Frances, from, fright, frighten, frightful, frightfully, flee, fleet, Bat, flag, floor, flirt, fly, Bight, Boat, Bower, Bowery, few, furious, fuel. y

vicar, Vivienne, vivaaous, visit, visitor, vision, village, vest, virtue, verve, ~, vain, vale, viper, vice, vow, vary, various. ----

e

thief, thieves, thick, thicken, thick-set, thin, thing, thank, thanks, thud, thug, thumb, thump, thong, thought, thirty, third, thirst, Thursday, Thea,

h

theatre, three, threat, threaten, thread, thrash, throttle, through, throw.

il s

z

S m

n

86

these, this, that, the, they, though, there, their.

yellow, yelp, yap, yak, young, yard, yacht, yawn, you, euphonium, youth, youthful, use(s), useful, use(z), unique, Una. W

we, weep, wicked, which, witch, with, without, whistle, women, winter, window, will, willow, William, wed, wedding-dress, weather, west, well, well-dressed, Welsh, wax, wax-works, one, wonder, worry, worried, watch, watch-chain, was, wash, washing-machine, water, wardrobe, walk, warm, warn, wall, WaIter, would, wood, woodwork, woodworm, woman, wool, woollen, were, work, worse, worm, way, wait, wake, wave, whale, why, wire, wipe, wiper, white. whiting, wide. wine, wild, won't, weary, wear, wary, warily.

RelJCTse

she, sheep, sheet, Sheila, ship, ship-wrecked, shatter, shutter, shark, shop, ShOpper, shock, short, shawl, sugar, shoe, shoot, shake, shy, show, shower, shout, share, sure, surely. --meal, Mr, mission, mill, milk, milkman, mcasure, memory, memorable, member, Memphis, men, many, melody, map, mash, mammoth, man, mariner, mother, mustard, mush, mushroom, Mummy, mumps, munch, monk, monkey, Mark, march, mast, Marmadukc, marmalade, mosquito, Moslcl11, monU111cnt, Maud, 1110VC, moose, moon, luay, mate, l11aid, make, mice, motor, motor-boat, momcnt, mouth (9), mouth (8), mouse, mountain, mound, marc, Mary, museum, music, musical, musician, mural. needle, knit, net, never, nephew, nest, gnat, nanny, Nancy, nun, not,

he, heat, hippopotamus, hill, head, hedgehog, hen, Henry, herring, heron, Helen, help, held, health, healthy, hat, had, haddock, hack, hacking, Hanna, hand, hang, Harry, hut, hug, humble, hunt, hundred, harp, harbour, heart, hearty, hard, half, hot, hog, hawk, horse, hoop, hoof, her, Herbert, hurt, hate, high, hyena, higher, height, Hoyle, hope, home, hole, how, however, Howard, house, hound, howl, here, hero, hair, hairy, -Hugo, huge, humour.

--

sec, sea, seed, seek, seizure, sip, sick, sicken, six, sixpenny, sixteen, sixteenth, Cecily, sister, sing, singer, sink, seven, seventeen, several, says, sell, seller, sandwich, supper, suburb, suck, such, sum, some, summer, summon, sun, son, Sunday, sock, sausage, song, saw, saucer, Sue, soup, soothe, Sir, serpent, circus, circle, surprise, surround, say, sail, sailor, side, cyder, size, sign, soil, so, sow, soap, sour, sound, seer, Sarah, spin, spinster, spot, sport, space, spy, spire, spoil, spear, spare, Stephen, still, stamp, stand, stump, stalk, stalker, storm, stormy, stool, stile, stoke, stoker, stone, stare, string, strong, straw, strawberry, stranger, stroll, stupid, school, skirt, sky, scout, scowl, scare, scream, scratch, squat, squirm, Smith, small, smooth, smile, snatch, sneer, slip, slipper, slack, slow, superb, suit, sweet, swear. zcbu, zebra, zoo, Zoe, zoologist.

knot, knotted, naughty, Norman, nation, name, night, Nigel, kllife, nice, noise, noisy, no, noble, note, nose, near, nearly, new, newt. read, reader,~achJ reef, wreath, report, retort, rich, Richard, refreshing, revision, remarkable, ring, ringed, red, red-currant, wreck, rest, wren, rat, rash, rank, ranker, rubber, rough, rust, rusty, run, runner, rajah, rather, raspberry, robin, rot, rotten, rock, Roger, rook, rude, rouge, room, rule, ruler, wraith, race, rain, rainy, rail, railway, ride, rival, writhe, rise,

word index

This index orders words according to the last phonemes in the word. i!

tee, tea, see, sea, tree, free, three, we.

t

Zoe, sleepy, puppy,-poppy, community, pretty, arty, hearty, naughty, beauty, dirty, thirty, dusty, rusty, crusty, monkey, abbey, tabby, chubby, bobby, baby, greedy, Daddy, buddy, body, melody, dowdy, Thursday, Sunday, zoology, coffee, healthy, fllthy, Bessie, juicy, Lucy, Nancy, easy, jersey, daisy, lazy, noisy, Nanny, Mummy, stormy, Jeremy, penny, many, sixpenny, rainy, very, Harry, worry, crockery, cookery, treasury, memory, library, dreary, weary, dairy, fairy, Mary, hairy, wary, jury, February, flowery, country, strawberry, raspberry, dromedary, Deirdre, every, Henry,

87

CG J!

Cecily, warily, jelly, Polly, folly, curly, frightfu!1y, blissfully, dearly, nearly, really, sourly, surely, eventually, politely, musically, quickly, lovely.

bite, kite, fIght, invite, night, bright, fright, polite, quite. quoit, adroit, motor-boat, coat, overcoat, goat, note, float, out, scout, devout, without,

arc, car, bar, jar. or, paw,actore,for, four, saw, straw, floor.

shout, rout, lout, trapped, tempt, ship-wrecked, pre-packed, locked, baked,

---

u:

Doh 1, too, two, chew, Sue, shoe, zoo,tfirough, blue, blew, you, virtue, Zebu, "(f'tle, few, nephew, new, Hugh. --

3i

er. , .• fur, sir, her, were.

a

Philipp~slipper,supper, shopper, paper, viper, wiper, prosper, visitor, letter, tatter, batter, shatter, butter, shutter, totter, daughter, water, tutor, amateur, motor, theatre, after, sister, Mr, oyster, spinster, WaIter, winter, enter, vicar,' docker, stalker, stoker, anchor, banker, ranker, bunker, arbour, harbour, rubber, tuba, member, render, Freda, adder, ladder, cyder, wander, figure, sugar, ogre, finger, stronger, butcher, poacher, adventure, rajah, Roger, astrologer, ginger, passenger, photographer, ever, however, forever, never, larva, lover, over, Arthur, the, tether, feather, leather, weathcr~other, mother, brother, father, rather, bather, professor, saucer, seizure, measure, treasure, closure, summer, farmer, humour, astronomer, hyena, Rowena, mariner, examiner, Anna, Hannah, runner, banana, corner, Una, Dinah, singer, Barbara, Aldeburgh, camera, Sarah, zebra, Sheila, seller, sailor, ruler,

---

roller, battler, butter, burglar. er day, birthday, pray, bray, traI' ~ey, lay, play, railway. 3r eye, pie, spy, by, goodbye, tie, die, sky, shy, try, cry, lie, fly, high, why. I· )1 Roy, toy, coy, enjoy, annoy, destroy. . -----, au oh, bow, toe, mosquito, potato, gusto, dodo, window, go, Hugo, loe, thoughl!

cl

lurid, lid, Ted, dead, red, gingerbread, dread, Fred, thread, head, wed, Dad, Lad, lad, thud, bard, guard, regard, hard, yard, farmyard, outboard, Maud, lord, good, wood, would, food, rude, bird, third, tattered, shattered, buttered, shuttered, custard, mustard, entered, tankard, Richard, hundred, Edward. maid, b2.rmaid, guide, side, decide, ride, wide, toad, load, cowed, proud, crowd, loud" period, scared, fair-haired, tired, coward, Howard,

closed, used, doomed, end, friend, stand, band, brand, grand, hand, hand-inhand, blonde, summoned, Desmond, island, find, pound, found, sound, mound, round, surround, ground, aground, hound, ringed, felled, held, called, failed, child, wild, old, hold, cold, gold, cowled. k

I

so, sow, no, piano, row, hero, grow, throw, low, willow, yellow, show. bow, cow, vow, plough. ala spire, conspire, tyre, fire, !iar, higher, wire. au~ our, bower, tower, sour, shower, glower, flower. la ear, peer, spear, beer, tear, tier, dear, deer, cheer, jeer, fear, Thea, seer, near, sneer, rear, terrier, barrier, courier, drear, Lear, leer, clear, here. Ea heir, pair, spare, despair, bear, tear, stare, care, scare, chair, fair, there, their, share, mare, lair, glare, rare, hair, hare, wear, underwear, swear. ca poor, spoor, boor, tour, dour, skua, sure, cure, lure, allure-.-p peep, deep, cheap, sheep, leap, asleep, weep, pip, chip, sip, ship, Philip, ship, mop, clap, trap, yap, up, cup, carp, harp, top~chop, shop, soup, hope, tape,1 QU

b t

soap, rope, hope, pipe, stamp, lamp, tramp, stump, jump, thump, plump, -help, yelp. cube, superb, suburb, wardrobe. eat, beat, feet, sheet, fleet, athlete, heat, sweet, it, carpet, crumpet, jacket, biscuit, fit, cosset, corset, visit, knit, curate, circlet, duet, pet, thick-set, net, threat, at, Pat, pat, cat, fat, that, gnat, plait, fiat, rat, hat, but, hut, art, apart, tart, cart, heart, pot, spot, tot, not, knot, rot, lot, blot, hot, yacht, squat,

report, passport, sport, bought, retort, fought, thought, short, put, foot, hoot, shoot, brute, suit, newt, skirt, dirt, flirt, hurt, Herbert, Cuthbert, comfort, desert, eight, bait, Kate, gate, mate, portrait, great, plate, wait,

88

poached, left, beast, atheist, zoologist, tourist, list, guest, chest, vest, nest, rest, well-dressed, west, dust, just, rust, fast, mast, last, cost, lost, first, thirst, focussed, toast, coast, finished, mashed, mushed, tent, hunt, can't, serpent, distant, observant, monument, moment, apartment, government, red-currant, cormorant, pint, point, won't, doesn't. seed, read, lead, stupid, knotted, wicked, aged, David, amid, avid, worried,

9

seek, unique, Greek, kick, chick, thick, sick, music, tunic, picnic, trick,

public, quick, check, Czech, wreck, ship-wreck, pack, back, Jack, track, black, slack, hack, yak, puck, buck, duck, suck, truck, park, bark, dark, shark, Mark, lark, dock, cock, sock, shock, lock, block, rock, crock, pork, talk, stalk, cork, hawk, walk, book, cookery-book, took, cook, rook, look, duke, Marmaduke, Luke, jerk, lurk, work, woodwork, haddock, bake, take, cake, shake, make, break, daybreak, lake, wake, like, stoke, joke, ink, sink, drink, bank, tank, dank, thank, junk, monk, tree-trunk, milk. pig, big, wig, egg, leg, flag, bug. jug, thug, drug, hug, bog, dog, fog, log, hog, hedgehog.

tJ

beach, reach, itch, rich. witch, which, catch, snatch, scratch, such, arch, -march, watch, church, poach, munch, lunch.

d3

luggage, sausage, sandwich, village, hedge, judge, large, barge, urge, age,

f

thief, reef, leaf, photograph, puff, tough, rough, calf, laugh, half, off, hoof, knife, oaf, loaf.

v

Eve, leave, expansive, expensive, give, Olive, love, glove, of, move, verve, -observe, gave, wave, five, arrive, CHve, stove, twelve.

cage, orange.

e

teeth, wreath, Smith, breath, path, bath, lath, tooth, uncouth, youth, earth, birth, mammoth, wraith, faith, oath, both, mouth, sixteenth, month, ftlth,

health. II 5

----

teethe, breathe, with, soothe, smooth, bathe, writhe. piece, police, kiss, Memphis, this, Francis, Frances, bliss, endless, chess, lioness, wedding-dress, ass, lass, pass, glass, grass, cross, across, gorse, horse, use, goose, juice, tp.oose, loose, purse, verse, worse, purpose, cactus, Dundas, circus, abacus, focus, vivacious, hippopotamus, prosperous, adventurous.

89

watching, leaving, thing, teething, breathing, soothing, bathing, writhing,

generous, ace, space, chase, face, race, ice, vice, mice, nice, choice, Joyce. mouse, grouse, house, fierce, various, curious, furious, peeps, leaps, chips. sips, ships, slips, mumps, helps, eats, meets, heats, pets, gets, plaits, tarts, knots, reports, retorts, puts, boots, shoots, Cuthbert's. baits, bites, boats, shouts, louts, beasts, tourists, guests, monuments, seeks, kicks, six, Jack's. wax, trucks, strong-box, docks, rocks, looks. waxworks, bakes,takes, cakes, shakes, wakes, likes, thanks, oafs, pence, fence, immense, dance, chance, ----bounce.

z

dancing, bouncing, buzzing, choosing, amusing, rising, dozing, rousing, refreshing, thrashing, washing, dreaming, banging, hanging, squirming, combing, evening, singing, bringing, ring, herring, adoring, tottering,

glaring, wearing, alluring, bring, string, darling, crawling, pulling, pedalling, paddling, giggling, bang, hang, gong, thong, song, strong, along, YOllg. feel, meal, still, chill, Jill, mill, April, trill, drill, bill, will, fell, sell, we , doll, all, Paul, ball, taIl, call, fall, shawl, small, crawl, wall, pull, bull,full, wool, pool, stool, toadstool, school, ghoul, fool, rule, earl, pearl, curl, girl, people, apple, topple, pimple, terrible, bubble, hobble, comfortable, constable, remarkable, fashionable, memorable, able, label, bible, noble, humble, little, battle, bottle, throttle, turtle, Myrtle, cOaStal, needle, pedal, paddle, bicycle, musical, chuckle, circle, local, giggle, gargle, Nigel, beautiful, cheerful, frightful, dreadful, youthful, blissful, useful, purposeful,

cheese, these, sees, Chinese, trees, is, reaches, catches, watches, sausages, sandwiches, urges, cages, pieces, kisses, asses, lasses, chases. faces, Joyce's, Franz's, loses, daisies, gazes, rises, rouses, Charles's, dishes, fairies, strawberries, raspberries, says,Jazz, has, buzz, bars, because, was, choose, shoes, lose, use, amuse, slippers, members, sisters, spinsters, wonders, rankers, mother's, bathers, trousers, gaze, plays, always, eyes, pies, size, rise, surprise, tries, cries, flies, poise, boys, toys, enjoys, noise, destroys, toes, mosquitoes, potatoes, doze, windows, Hugo's, shows, nose, rose, vows, rouse', blouse, ears, cheers, sneers, pairs, stares, wears, cures, spires, cowers, lads, decides, rides, friends, hands, eggs, hugs, thugs, bogs, dog's, thieves, leaves, loves, arrives,

tuneful, evil, devil, rival, whistle, castle, official, traditional, professional, mural, several, unusual, fail, vale, sail, rail, whale, stile, file, smile, spoil,

toil, gargoyle, foil, soil, royal, loyal, Hoyle, pole, maypole, coal, goal, foal, roll, stroll, hole, owl, towel, cowl, scowl, fowl, howl, real, duel, fuel, cruel.

wreaths, mouths, feels, hills, Charles, calls, falls, pearls, curls, gargles, devils, rivals, coils, coals, dreams, screams, lames, chinks, robins, Perkins, twins, pens, fens, hens, buns, nuns, ferns, opens, fountains, mountains, thickens, sickens, Jane's, planes, declines, Jones, ruffians, things.

J

dish, fish, rubbish, bookish, finish, foolish, English, mash, rash, thrash, mush, wash, bush, W dsh.

3

garage, camooeage, rouge. dream, cream, scream, jam, exam, come, thumb, sum, some, glum, arm, palm, farm, bomb, from, storm, warm, doom, room, mushroom, woodworm, earthworm, squirm, museum, euphonium, bottom, buxom, Moslem, William, name, time, climb, comb, Rome, home. bean, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, Jean, washing-machine, in, pin, spin, bin, robin, tin, chicken, chin, kitchen, gin, Finn, thin, women, examine, twin, Vivienne, pen, ten, Ken, again, Jen, fen, men, wren, hen, Anne, can, man, bun, dun, gun, son, sun, nun, run, one, barn, darn, on, don, John, dawn, faun, lawn, yawn, baboon, moon, balloon, urn, fern, open, kitten, threaten, rotten, frighten, fountain, mountain, garden, golden, thicken, sicken, dungeon, even, Stephcn, seven, eleven, govern, Anderson, prison, cousin, politician, tradition, musician, mission, profession, fashion, asian, nation, vision, revision, decision, confusion, collusion, invasion, summon, Norman, woman, alderman, milkman, policeman, guardsman, cannon,

m

n

a

90

Minimal pairs In view of the special importance given to 'minimal pairs' in this book a comprehensive list is given below, classified according to the order of the respective phonemes. The word pairs may then be used by teachers (and self-instructional students working with informants or recordings) in the ways suggested in the instructions for use (pp. 9-I3). i:jI eat, it; ease, is; peep, pip; bean, bin; bargees, barges; cheap, chip; Jean, gin; feet, fit; seek, sick; seeks, six; sleeper, slipper; sleeps, slips;

i:/er i:/Ia r/e

I/.

r/-

sheep, ship; meal, mill; reach, rich; leap, lip; lead, lid. sce, say; feel, fail. bee, beer; tea, tear; see, seer; he, here. pin, pen; tin, ten; chick, check; gin,Jen; knit. net. ~,-;'r~atted, pattered;-pow;d, pottered; poaches, poachers; batted, battered; butted, buttered; buzzes, buzzers; dusty, duster; dances, dancers; catchy, catcher; catches, catchers;jury,juror; sleepy, sleeper; marches, marchers; races, racers; Luey, looser; watches, watchers; washes, washers; wary, wearer. arty, art; penny, pen; Daddy, Dad; cosset, cost; monkey, monk; hearty, heart.

heron, Ellen, Hclen, woollen. --fleeing, praying, braying, playing, lying, flying, annoying, sowing, weeping, clapping, yapping, yelping, heating, visiting, knitting, squatting, flirting,

e/., e/D

jelly, jolly; pet, pot.

waiting, whiting, floating, costing, hunting, reading, wedding, guarding,

e/3:

regarding, pudding, standing, surrounding, king, backing, bucking, barking, blocking, walking, lurking, drinking, itching, scratching, marching,

e/eI

fens, ferns. test, taste;Jen,Jane; fell, fail; sell, sail; seller, sailor; rest, raced. batter, butter; battler, buder;baIlkCr, bunker; tracks, trucks; cap, cup;

expensive, expansive; cnd, and; pet, pat; pedalling, paddling; dead, Dad; Ken, can; men, man; net, gnat; head, had.

.,/A

91

stamp. stump; shattered, shuttered; mashed, mush cd.

",/a:

cap. carp; cat, cart; had, hard.

"'/0

tatter, totter; battle.

A/a:

aI/au

rouse; lied, loud.

botde.

puck, park; buck, bark; buzz, bars; bun, barn; duck, dark; dun, darn;

ara/oua ~tower; flyer, flower; shyer, shower; highered, Howard. n/au boy, bow; toy, toe; quoit, coat;Joy,Joe; foil, foal; noise, nose;

cup. carp; lover, larva.

A/D

puppy, pOPKY; buddy, body; bugs, bogs; ducks, docks; dun, don;

a:/o

suck, sock; ug, ho~; wonders, wanders. part, pot; tart, [ot;
a:/3:

bard, bird; bath, birth; lark, lurk; heart, hurt.

a:/au a:/ou.

art, out; bar, bow; bard, bowed; darn, down; car, cow.

0/0:

~wn; cock, cork; cosset, corset; 5)0[' sport; shot, short. pot, put; box, books; cock, cook; lock, oak; rock, rook.

o/u a/.u o:/u o:/u:

.u/au

sow, sow; row, row; rose, rouse; load, loud: hole, howl.

rear, rare; leer, lair; here, hair; weary, wary.

p/b

are, our; bar, bower; tar, tower; car, cower.

pit

off, oaf; cost, coast;John, Joan; knot, note.

~ull; ball, bull; fall, full; fought, foot; wall, wool. or,oo 1; Paul, pool; bought, boot; gorse, goose; faII~ fool; saw, Sue;

o:/u. u/u:

U:/3: u:/au

p/k

./-

p/f

[awn, phone; fall, foal; saw, so; stalker, stoker; lord, load; a lawn, alone. paw, poor; tore, tour; d~our; bore, boor. --- ---

pull, pool; full, fool; look, Luke.

p/h

ooh!, er ... ; pool, pearl; ghoul, girl;juicy,jersey; Sue, sir; shoot, shirt.

ooh!, oh!; pool, pole; boot, boat; too, toe; ghoul, goal; fool, foal; blues, blouse; Sue, sow; fool, fowl; shoot, shout. two, tour; do, dour; shoe, sure. er, . . , oh !; earth, oath; pearl, pole; birth, both; curl, coal; girl, goal; jerk,joke; fern, phone; flirt, float; sir, so; weren't, won't. Anna, Anne; apart, part; across, cross; aground, ground; asleep, sleep; allure, lure; poacher, poach; banker, bank; bather, bathe; totter, tot; Dinah, dine; Philippa, Philip; visitor, visit; singer, sing; seller, sell;

sailor, sail; cyder, side; rollers, rolls; ladders, lads. eI/ar

ace, ice; paper, piper; pain, pine; bait, bite; tray, try; day, die;

Kate, kite; fail, fIle; lay, lie; lake, like; hate, height; way, why; wait, white. eI/n eI/.u

el/Ea aI/ala

Kate, quoit; chase, choice; fail, foil; sail, soil. bait, boat; daisy, dozy; Kate, coat; gate, goat; grey, grow;Jane, Joan; Jane's,Jones; fail, foal; they, though; say, so; rail, roll; 1ay, low; wake, woke. they, their; may, mare; lays, lairs; ways, wears. tie, tyre; tied, tired; spy, spire; lie, liar; line, Hon; high, higher;

WJry,Wire.

aI/"

pig, big; pack, back; puck, buck; park, bark; path, bath; poppy, bOblJy;Paul, hall; pull, bull; pie, by; peer, beer; pair, bear; ~ bray; rope, robe. pin, tin; pen, ten; puff, tough; pot, tot; pork, talk; Paul, tall; pie, tie; peer, tear; pair, tear; poor, tour; pray, tray; top. tot; cap, cat; carp, cart; sheep, sheet; reports, retorts; harp. heart. ~at; pork, cork; pearls, curls; pole, coal; pair, care; proud,

crowd; tape, take; trap, track; shop, shock; yap, yak.

or, oh!; Paul, pole; bought, boat; caught, coat; call, coal; called, cold;

p/-

Sue, so; soup. soap; shoe, show; room, Rome; ruler, roller; hoop, hope.

u:/au u:/ua 3:/au

Roy, row; royal, roll; Hoyle, hole. bow, bow; coal, cowl; cold, cowled; phoned, found; foal, fowl;

au/au. bow, bower; cow, cower; cowed, coward; sow, sour. ra/Ea ear, heir; peer, pair; beer, bear; tear,\tear; cheer, chair; fear, fair;

short, shoot.

o:/.u

~ bow; dine, down; find, found; file, fowl; signed, sound; rise,

bid big b/f b/v b/m h/i b/w

b/t/d

Pt' fat;.ralm, farm; paw, four;

hound; peer, here; pair, hair, pi~, .pat, at; palm, arm; paw, or; Paul, all; pearl, earl; pie~, ey~s; pm, elr; play, lay; thump, thumb; soup, Sue; soap, so; spOIl, SOlI; spear, seer; shee~ she; rope, row; weep, we.

iii;

k

bank, dank; hue, duck; bun, dun; bark, dark; bobby, body; og , ~; by, dIe; beer, dear; boor, door; brown, drown; robe, ro e. bun, gun; bard, guard; bait, ga~; brand, grand; bray, grey. beat, feet; bog, fog; bought, fought; bite, fight; bone, phone; bear, fair; bright, fright. bow,vow. beat, meat; bait, mate; bake, make; bear, mare; robe, Rome. barr large; bath, lath;~iog;baboon, baUoon; bake, lake; ~; bear, la,r; robe, roll. bee, we; b~g, wig; bun, one; bull, wool; bait, wait; bake, wake; by,W'hy; ear, wear. beat, eat; banker, anchor; bar, are; ball, all; birth, earth; bait, eight; both. oath; beer, ear; bear, heir; bring, ring; blot, lot; block, lock; robe, row. Ted, dead; tank, dank; to, do; tie, die; toes, doze; town, down;

tear, dear; tour, dour; trill, drill; putting, pudding; plate, played; mate, made; lout, loud; hat, had; white, wide.

---

pies, poise; pint, point; by, boy; goodbye, good boy; tie, toy; kite, quoit; file, foil. ---

in, Finn; pence, fence; pens, fens;

Paul, fall; put, foot; ],u11, full; pool, 00 ; pme, fine; pole, foal; pound, found; plait, 6-;;t; carp, calf; leap, leaf; harp, half; hoop, hoot pens, hens; pat, hat; pack, hack; pork, hawk; pie, high; pound,

t/k

tart, cart; talk. cork; tall. call; took, cook; take, cake; toy, coy;

toast, coast; try, cry; pat, pack; but, buck; bait, bake; blot, block;

92

93

titS

Kate, cake; stool. school; mate, make; rot, rock; lot, lock; wait, wake. tin, chin; top. chop; two, chew; tear, cheer; tear, chair; it, itch; art, arch; beat, beach; kitten, kitchen; cat, catch; what chain, watch-

chain.

tie

~hin; tank, thank; tree, three; tear, Thea; tree, three; apart,

a path; boat, both. -tca, see; Ted, said; two, Sue; toil. soil; toe, sow; tear, seer; tower, t/s sour; at, ass; trapped, traps; locked, locks; baked, bakes. - tin, in; tart, art; tear, ear; tear, heir; train, rain; pint. pine; beat, bee; t/bite, by; boat, bow; tent, ten; quoit, coy; great, grey; fleet, flee; flight, fly; sheet. she; shoot, shoe; note, no; newt, new; heat, he. dun, gun; daisies, gazes; dodo, go-go; thud, thug. --dig dust,just; don, John; dear,jeer; bard, barge; head, hedge. d/d3 dank, thank; dirty, thirty; dear, Thea; dread, thread; bard, bath; die bird, birth. day, they; ride, writhe. d/a do, zoo; seed, sees; worried, worries; had, has; ride, rise; toad. toes; d/z hold, holes; gold, goals. rude, rouge. d/3 Daddy, Nanny; dun, nun; dodo. no, no!; dear, ne::tr; duE', new; din ~layed, plane; Ted, ten; crowd, crown; side, sign; lord, lawn; cads, hens; wide, wine. dead, red; dank, rank; dun, run; dusty, rusty; docks, rocks; doom, d/r room; doze, rose; dearly, reall deep, lea; Dad, lad; dock, loc; dog, log; daisy, lazy; die, lie; dll our, ure; food, fool; rude, rule; wed, well; wood, wo~ don, on; dies, eyes; deer, ear; dread, red; drear, rear; due, you; d/tired, tyre; toad, toe; called, call; cold, coal; gold, goal; seed, see; find, fine l ringed, ring; load, low. curls, girls; Rate, gate; coat, goat; coal. goal; cold. gold; crone, k/g grown; crowned, ground; buck, bug; docks, do~s; lock, log. kick, chick; care, chair; suck, such; monk, munc ; Mark, march. k/tJ cat, hat; carp, harp; cart. heart; calf. half; cork, hawk; Kate, hate; kin comb, home; cold, hold; coward. Howard; care, hair. cat, at; can, Anne; cup, up; Kate, eight; cage, age; cold, old; cowl. k/ow~; care, heir; crusty, rusty; crockery, rockery; clear, Lear; q~itk.' whIte; pork, paw; bank, bang-; Duke, due; fact, fat; seek, see; Sin , sing; milk, mill; work, were. goose, juice; go,/oe;jug,judge. g/d3 agog, a gong; a og, along; bag, bang; rigging, ringing. g/Q gun, one; good, wood; gate, wait; gave, wave; guide, wide. g/w tate, eitht; gold, old; ground, round; glove, love; glare, lair. g/each, eats; catch, cats. tJlts trees; chick. trick; chill, trill; chain, train. cheese, tJltr chin, gin; chill,Jill; choose,juice; chain,Jane; choice, Joyce; cheers, d tSl 3

t.'

94

d3/ dz d3/ dr flv f/6 f/s

f/h

fjw

f/v/lj

viz vim vir v/w v/-

e/a el' Gin 8/-

ai'

alz

air

all

01sjz

slS s/h

s/z/Slsk Slsj II-

Jeers. a~~, aids; hedge, heads.

1'1'

drill ;Jug, drug. fai . va e; fairy, vary; off, of; leaf, leave. Finn. thin; fought, thought; first, thirst; fear, Thea; free, three; Fred, thread; oaf, oath; reef, wreath; laugh, lath. fell, sell; four, saw; fur, sir; fail, sail; foil, soil; found. sound; fear, seer; fairer, Sarati';aln~ce. feet, heat; fens, hens; felled, held; fat, hat; fog, hog; fur, her; fire, righer; found, hound; fowl, howl; fear, here; fair, hair; fairy, hairy; ew, Hur,h. fell, wel; fall, wall; full, wool; fur, were; fire, wire; fine, wine; fairy, waty. feet, eat; fit, it; fat, at; for, or; fall. all; fur, er ... ; fern, urn; fowl, owl; fair, heir; fly, lie; oaf, oh!; calf, car; loaf, low. varies, the~ -ave, gaze. glove, glum; vice, mice; vary, Mary. vest, rest; vain, rain; vale. raIl. vest, west; verse, worse; vale, whale; viper, wiper; vary, wary. vice, ice; wave, way. ~ethe; mouth, mouth; wreath, wreathe. thick, siek; thing, sing; thumb, sum; thong, song; path, pass; faith, face; mouth, mouse; wraith, race; youth, use. thug, hug. thin, in; Thea, ear; thrash, rash; thread, red; throw, row; earth, er ... ; oath, oh!; both, bow; bath, bar; teeth, tea; tooth, two; sixteenth, sixteen; youth, you. tIie'SC,Sees; they, say; there are stairs, Sarah stares. writhe, rise; breathe, breeze; teethe, teas; soothe, Sue's; bathe, bays. that, rat; though, row; there, rare. they, lay; though, low; there, lair. these, ease; that, at; though, oh!; their, heir; teethe, tea; soothe, Sue; bathe, bay. - -

te, eyes; use (noun), use (verb); pence, pens; dance, dams; fence, ens; S.ue, zoo; loose, lose. see, she; sips, ships; sock, shock; Sue, shoe; sow, show. see, he; sirJier; soil, Hoyle; soap, hope; sound, hound; seer, here. use, you; worse, were; ice, eye; Joyce, Joy; fierce, fear; beast, beat; docks, dock; coast, coat; guest, get; six, sick. zoo, ooh!; eyes, eye; sees, sea; choose,cIieW; nose, no; rose, row. shy, sky; shout, scout j sure, skua. shoot, suit. shawl, all; y , eye; show, oh t; shower, our; shout, out; share, heir; Welsh, we .

t

95

m/n mll

tempt, tent; comb, cone; sum, sun; mice, nice; warm, warn. comb, coal; munch, lunch; Mark, lark; mast, last; Maud, lord; moose, loose; may, lay; make, lake; mare, lair; room, rule; home, hole; warm, wall.

m/w

may, way; make, wake; mare, wear. time, tie; tramp, trap; smooth, soothe; march, arch; mice, ice; Rome, row; worm, were.

m/nh n/r

garden, guarding, thin; thing; heron, herring.

nil

urn, earl; don, doll; cone, coal; chin, chill; fen, fell; faun, fall; fine, file; phone, foal; vain, vale; not, lot; near, leer; warn, walL - bone, bow; dine, die; can't, carti garden, guard; golden, gold;

n/-

nest, rest; gnat, rat; nqn, fun; not, rot; nose, rose; near, rear.

grown, grow; faun, four; fern, fur; friend, Fred; summon, summe~;

rll

r/w r/h

r/-

I/j

I/w

1/-

h/j hlw

h/j/w

l/-

w/-

96

never, ever; hunt, hut; line, lie; lion, liar. ray, play,; proud, ploughed; grass, glass; read, lead; reef, leaf; rot, ot; rock, lock; rook, look; royal, loyal; row, low; rout, lout; rear, leer; rare, lair; heron, Helen. rich, witch~ red, wed; rest, west~ wren, when~ run, one; rail, whale; ride, wide; rare, wear. red, heai; rat, hat; rot, hot; rope, hope; roll, hole; round, hound; rear, here; rare, hare. brand, band; break, bake; tree, tea; try, tie; dread, dead; drown, down; drear, dear; crock, cock; crone, cone; crowd, cowed; great, gate; grow, go; fright, fight; rich, itch; rat, at; ranker, anchor; race, ace; rise, eyes; rear, ear; rare, heir. lot, yacht; lawn, yawn; loose, use (noun); lose, use (verb). leap, weep; leather, weather; lawn, warn; lurk, work; lay, way; ---lake, wake; lie, why; liar, wire; lair, wear. all, or; people, peep; Paul, paw; plane, pain; battler, batter; butler, butter; black, back; toil, toy; towel, tower; cowl, cow; clap, cap; goal, go; fall, four; fleet, feet; flat, fat; floor, four; slips, sips; royal, Ray; roll, row; real, rear; leave, Eve; leg, egg; ladder, adder; lasses, asses; label, able; loaf, oaf; lair, heir; Waiter, water; wild, wide. hello, yellow; help, yelp; hack, yak; hard, yard; hot, yacht; ::,::ho, you. he, we; head, wed; hawk, walk; her, were; hate, wait; high, higher, wire; hair, wear. heat, eat; He1en, Ellen; Hannah, Anna; harbours, arbours; hearty, arty; hate, ei ht; hold, old; hear, ear; hair, heir; Hugh. you; Hugo, you go; whic , witch). yacht, what; yawn, warn. due, do; fuel, fool. ~n; quick, kick; quite, kite; witch, itch; wall. all; were, er ... ; wait, eight; wear, heir.

w-r;:y;-