lIre% ikB%

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh izLrqr ikB cYyky lsu jfpr HkkstizcU/ osQ ^HkkstjktL; jkT;izkfIrizcU/* va’k dk lEikfnr ,oa laf{kIr :ikUrj.k gSA euq"; osQ eu esa tc yksHk Nk tkrk gS] rc og fdlh izdkj fu"Bqj gksdj ?k‘f.kr ls ?k‘f.kr dk;Z djus ls ugha fgpfdpkrk ;g bl dFkkud }kjk izfrikfnr fd;k x;k gSA bl ikB esa Hkkst osQ pkpk eq t] ckyd Hkkst dks ejokus dk "kM~;U=k cukrs gSa] ijUrq Hkkst ml e‘R;qdky esa eq t osQ uke ,d lUns’k nsrs gSa] ftl esa ekUŁkkrk] jko.k vkfn dk mnkgj.k iznf’kZr djrs gq, lalkj dh u’ojrk iznf’kZr dh xbZ gSA bl ’yksd dks i<+dj u osQoy Hkkst dk o/ djus okys dk eu ifjofrZr gks x;k] vfirq eq t dks Hkh oSjkX; vk x;k rFkk Hkrhts osQ o/ ls nq%[kh gksdj izk;f’p kLo:i vfXu esa izos’k djuk pkgrk gSA ijUrq oRljkt rFkk cqf…lkxj dh ;kstuk ls Hkkst iqu% thfor ?kksf"kr dj fn;k tkrk gSA ekUŁkkrk p eghifr% ;g ’yksd laL r lkfgR; dh vewY; fuf/ osQ :i esa izfl… gks x;k gSA

iqjk /kjkjkT;s flU/qy&laKks jktk fpja iztk% i;Ziky;r~A rL; ok/ZD;s Hkkst bfr iq=k% letfuA l% ;nk i pokf"kZdLrnk firk ÆkReuks tjka KkRok eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqta eq ta egkcyekyks D ; iq = ka p ckya la o h{; fopkj;kekl&;|ga jkT;y{ehHkkj/kj.kleFk– lgksnjeigk; jkT;a iq=kk; iz;PNkfe] rnk yksdkiokn%A vFk ok ckya es iq=ka eq tks jkT;yksHkkf}"kkfnuk ekjf;";fr rnk n kefi jkT;a o‘FkkA iq=kgkfuo–’kksPNsn’p bfr fopk;Z jkT;a eq tk; n ok rnqRl˜~xs HkkstekRekua eqekspA rr% ekn~ jktfu fnoaxrs laikz IrjkT;&laif keZq tks eq[;kekR;a cqf…lkxjukekua O;kikjeq n z ; k nw j h R; rRins ¿ U;a fu;kst ;keklA vFk dnkpu lHkk;ka T;ksfr%&’kkL=kikjaxr% d’pu czkª.k% lekxE; jktkue~ vkg & nso! yksdk% eka

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

53

loZKa dFk;fUrA rfRdefi ;FksPNa i‘PNA rrks eq t% izkg&HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fo/sfg bfrA foiz% tUeif=kdka fo/k; mDroku~& i pk’kRi po"kkZf.k lIreklfnu=k;e~A Hkkstjktsu HkksDrO;% lxkSMks nf{k.kkiFk%AA Hkkstfo"kf;.khe~ beka Hkfo";ok.kha fu’kE; eq tks foPNk;onuks¿HkwrA~ rrks jktk czkª.ka lai"sz ; fu’khFks ’k;ueklk| O;fpUr;r~&;fn jkty{ehHkkst Z oqQekja xfe";fr] rnkga tho´fi e‘r%A rr’p vHkqDr ,o l% ,dkdh fdefi fpUrf;Rok c˜n ı ’s kkŁkh’oja oRljkta lekdkfjroku~A oRljkt’p /kjkuxjha lEizkI; jktkua izf.kiR;ksifo""V%A jktk p lkSŁka futZua fo/k; oRljkta izkg&Ro;k Hkkstks Hkqous’ojh&fofius jk=kkS gUrO;%] fNUua p rL; f’kj% eRik’osZ vUr%iqje~ vkusrO;e~A ,rfUu’kE; oRljkt% mRFkk; u‘ia uRok izkokspr~& ;|fi nsokns’k% izek.ke~] iqujfi fldfpn~ oDrqdkeks¿fLe] lkijk/efi es op% {kUrO;e~A nso! iq=ko/ks u dnkfi fgrk; HkorhfrA oRljktL; bna opuekd.;Z oqQfirks jktk izkg&Roa ee lsodks¿fl] e;k ;RdF;rs Ro;k rn~ fo/s;e~A iqu% oRljkt% jktkKk ikyuh;Sofs r eRok rw".kha cHkwoA vuUrje~ vfuPNUufi oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos’; jk=kkS oua uhroku~A r=k vkReuks oŁk;kstuka KkRok Hkkst% fdefi oRljkta dfFkroku~A rn~opuS% oSjkX;ekiUuks oRljkt% ra u groku~] vfirq x‘gekxR; Hkksta x‘gkH;Urjs HkwekS fuf{kI; jj{kA iqu% f=ke:is.k HkkstL; eLroaQ dkjf;Rok jktHkoua xRok oRljktks jktkua izkg&Jherk ;nkfn"Va rRlkfŁkrfefrA rrks jktk Hkksto/a KkRok ra i‘"Voku~&oRljkt! [kM~xizgkjle;s rsu fdeqDre~\

54

HkkLorh

oRljktsu p jkKs HkkstL; vfUrelUns’k:is.k rRizn k% ’yksd% lefiZr%&

ekU/krk p eghifr% r;qxky˜ kjHkwrks xr% lsr; q uZs egksnŁkkS fojfpr% DoklkS n’kkL;kUrd%AA vU;s okfi ;qfŁkf"BjizHk‘r;ks ;krk fnoa Hkwirs! uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh uwua Ro;k ;kL;frAA ’yksdfeee~ v/hR; ’kksdlUrIrks eq t% izk;f’p ka drq– vkReuks og~ukS izo’s kua fuf’proku~A jkK% of izo’s kdk;Z ea JqRok oRljkt% cqf…lkxja uRok ’kuS%&’kuS% izkg&rkr! e;k Hkkstjktks jf{kr ,okfLrA iqu% cqf…lkxjs.k rL; d.ksZ fdefi dfFkre~] ;fUu’kE; oRljkt% rrks fu" kUr%A iqu% jkKks of izo’s kdkys d’pu dkikfyd% lHkka lekxr%A lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~ iz.kE; eq t% izkokspn~&gs ;ksxhUnz! egkikfiuks e;k grL; iq=kL; izk.knkusu eka j{ksfrA vFk dkikfydLra izkokspn~&jktu~! ek HkS"kh%A f’koizlknsu l thforks Hkfo";frA rnk ’e’kkuHkwekS dkikfydL; ;kstukuqlkja Hkkst% r=k lekuhr%A ^;ksfxuk Hkkstks thfor%* bfr dFkk yksoQs "kq izlr‘ kA iqu% xtsUnzk:
55

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

fpja iztk% ikfyroku~A

’kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;’p letfu tjke~ laoh{; vigk; o‘Fkk mPNsn% mRl˜~xs fnoaxrs laizs"; foPNk;onu% fu’khFks izf.kiR; lkS/e~ fofius eRik’osZ fo/s;e~ lkf/re~ r;qxkyadkjHkwr% v/hR; ;krk% fnoe~ fu’kE; ek HkS"kh% izl‘rk vk:<% n’kkL;kUrd%

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

mRiUu gqvkA cq<+kis dksA ns[k djosQA NksM+ djosQA O;FkZA uk’kA xksn esaA e‘R;q dks izkIr djus ijA Hkst djosQA dkfUrghu eq[kokykA jkr esAa ueLdkj djosQA egyA ou esaA esjs iklA djuk pkfg,A fd;kA lR;;qx osQ vkHkw"k.k Lo:iA i<+dj osQA pys x, gaSA LoxZ dksA lqudjA er MjksA iSQyh gqbZA p<+k gqvkA n’kkL;L; jko.kL; vUrd% uk’kd% jko.k

56

HkkLorh

dk uk’k djus okykA

lfU/foPNsn% i pokf"kZdLrnk ÆkReuks eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqte~ iq=kgkfuoZa’kksPNsn’p rnqRl˜sı rRins¿U;e~ foPNk;onuks¿Hkwr~ jkty{ehHkksZtoqQekje~ rnkge~ thoUufi izf.kiR;ksifo"V% ,rfUu’kE; ikyuh;Sosfr lsrq ;sZu n’kkL;kUrd% uSosQukfi ;fUu’kE; j{ksfr ,okfLr jktHkouexkr~ riLrsis

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

i pokf"kZd% $ rnk fg $ vkReu% eq[; $ vekR;ku~ $ vkgw; $ vuqte~ iq=kgkfu% $ oa’k $ mPNsn% $ p rr~ $ mRl˜~xs rr~ins $ vU;e~ foPNk;onu% $ vHkwr~ jkty{eh% $ HkkstoqQekje~ rnk $ vge~ thou~ $ vfi izf.kiR; $ mifo"V% ,rr~ $ fu’kE; ikyuh;k $ ,o lsrq% $ ;su n’k $ vkL; $ vUrd% u $ ,osQu $ vfi ;r~ $ fu’kE; j{k $ bfr ,o $ vfLr jktHkoue~ $ vxkr~ ri% $ rsis

57

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

Hkkst’pkfi

&

Hkkst% $ p $ vfi

vH;kl% 1-

,dinsu m kjr& (d) /kjkjkT;s dks jktk iztk% i;Ziky;r~\ ([k) flU/qy% dLeS jkT;e~ v;PNr~\ (x) flU/qy% dL; mRl˜~xs Hkksta eqeksp\ (?k) eq t% oaQ eq[;kekR;a nwjh roku~\ (˜) d% foPNk;onu% vHkwr~\ (p) eq t% oaQ lekdkfjroku~\ (N) oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos’; oqQ=k uhroku~\ (t) r;qxkyadkjHkwr% d vklhr~\ (>) egksn/kS lsrq% osQu jfpr%\ ( k) d% o kS izos’ka fuf’proku~\

2-

iw.kZokD;su m kjr& (d) Hkkst% dL; iq=k% vklhr~\ ([k) flU/qy% fld fopkj;kekl\ (x) lHkk;ka dhn‘’k% czkª.k% vkxroku~\ (?k) d% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fufeZroku~\ (˜) eq t% fde~ vfpUr;r~\ (p) oRljkt% Hkksta oqQ=k uhroku~\ (N) oRljkt% de~ vuer~\ (t) eq t% dkifyoaQ fde~ mDroku~\

3-

js[kkf˜rinkfu vk/‘R; iz’ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) flU/qyL; Hkkst% iq=k% vHkor~A

58

HkkLorh

([k) flU/qy% jkT;a eq tk; v;PNr~A (x) ,dnk ,d% czkª.k% lHkk;ke~ vkxPNr~A (?k) eq t% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka vn’kZ;r~A (˜) oRljkt% Hkksta x‘gkH;Urjs jj{kA (p) eq t% og~ukS izos’ka fuf’proku~A (N) eq t% lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~ izk.ker~A (t) Hkkst% fpja iztk% ikfyroku~A 4-

5-

iz frizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r& ;Fkk & KkROkk Kk (d) vkyksD; ([k) laoh{; (x) vigk; (?k) n ke~ (˜) fopk;Z (p) nwjh R; (N) lekxE; (t) fo/k; (>) HkksDrO; ( k) lEiz"s ;

milxZ% &

iz fr&izR;;a fu;qT; ’kCna fy[kr& ;Fkk & vk $ lhn~ $ Y;i~ vklk| (d) tho~ $ ’kr‘ ([k) e‘ $ Dr (x) fpUr~ $ DRok

/krq% Kk

izR;;% DRok

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

(?k) gu~ $ rO;r~ (˜) vk $ uh $ rO;r~ (p) fu $ ’ke~ $ Y;i~ (N) ue~ $ DRok (t) vk $ d.kZ~ $ Y;i~ (>) fu $ f{ki~ $ Y;i~ ( k) eu~ $ DRok (V) Kk $ DRok (B) uh $ Drorq (M) vk $ in~ $ Dr (<) gu~ $ Drorq (.k) vk $ fn’k~ $ Dr 6-

mfpr vFkkS%Z lg esyua oqQ#r& ;Fkk& olqerh & i‘Foh (d) fu’khFks & xfe";fr ([k) izf.kiR; & leqnzs (x) fu’kE; & jk=kkS (?k) ik’osZ & iz.kE; (˜) fofius & JqRok (p) n’kkL;kUrd% & lehis (N) fnoe~ & ous (t) v/hR; & jke% (>) egksn/kS & LoxZe~ ( k) ;kL;fr & ifBRok

59

60

7-

HkkLorh

e tw"kk;ka izn kS% vO;;’kCnS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& rq

,o

rnk

fdeFkZe~

iqjk

fpje~

-------------- flU/qy% uke jktk vklhr~A l% -------------- iztk% i;Ziky;r~A o‘…koLFkk;ka rL; ,d% iq=k% vHkor~A -------------- l% vfpUr;r~ -------------- u Loiq=ka Hkzkrq% eq tL; mRl˜ıs leiZ;kfeA flU/qy% iq=ka eq tL; mRl˜~xs leI;Z -------------- ijyksde~ vxPNr~A flU/qys fnoaxrs eq tL; eufl yksHk% leqRiUu%A yksHkkfo"V% l% -------------- eq tL; fouk’kkFk– mik;a fpfUrroku~A 8-

mnkgj.kkuqlkja fy[kr& (d) ;Fkk & i;Ziky;r~ milxZ% ifj (1) iz;PNkfe (2) O;fpUr;r~ (3) ;kL;fr (4) ekjf;";fr (5) dFk;fUr (6) Hkofr (7) vfl

/krq% iky~

ydkj% y˜~

iq#"k% izFke iq#"k

opue~ ,dopu

61

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh

([k) ;Fkk & vkReu%

’kCn

fy˜ı

foHkfDr

vkReu~

iqa-

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(1) iq=kk; (2) yksdk% (3) op% (4) HkwekS (5) Jherk (6) egksn/kS (7) og~ukS 9-

fo’ks"k.ka fo’ks";s.k lg ;kst;r& ;Fkk & egkcye~

eq te~

(d) ckye~

jkT;e~

([k) n ke~

iq=ke~

(x) fnoaxrs

Hkfo";ok.khe~

(?k) T;ksfr%’kkL=kikjaxr%

jktfu

(˜) beke~

oRljkte~

(p) c˜nı s’kk/h’oje~

czkª.k%

(N) lUrIr%

oRljkte~

opue~ cgqopue

62

HkkLorh

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuke~ vkHkk.kdkuka lekukFkZdkfu okD;kfu ikBs vUos"VO;kfu 1- psgjk iQhdk iM+ x;k

2-

3-

2- tSlh vkidh vkKk

3- yksxksa esa ckr iSQy xbZ

ikSjkf.kdijEijk;ka pRokj% ;qxk% erk%A rs ;Fkk& r;qx% (lR;;qx%) =ksrk;qx% }kij ;qx% dfy;qx% ekU/krk lw;oZ ’a kL; izrkih jktk vHkor~A rsu iztk;k% ikyua lE;o~Qr;k vy˜kjHkwr% u‘i vklhr~A

re~A l% Lo;qxL;

chap-07a.pdf

czkã.ka laizs"; fu'khFks 'k;ueklk| O;fpUr;r~&;fn jkty{ehHkksZtoqQekja xfe";fr]. rnkga thoÂfi e`r%A rr'p ... chap-07a.pdf. chap-07a.pdf. Open. Extract. Open with.

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