Citation and Referencing Format Economics Discipline, Khulna University ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1. Citation: Single author : Ahsan (2013) or (Haider, 2013) Two authors : Ahmed and Ahmed (2013) or (Hossen and Hasan, 2013) Three or more authors : Moni et al. (2013) or (Hamid et al., 2013) Two or more references together: Mohsin (2013) and Nasrin and Dutta (2013) or (Mohsin, 2013; Nasrin and Dutta, 2013) Example (hypothetical): Quality enhancement of higher education at Economics Discipline of Khulna University depends on a joint effort of the teachers and students (Haider, 2013). Some other pre-conditions in this regard are availability of infrastructural facilities (Mohsin, 2013; Nasrin and Dutta, 2013), dedication and morality of students and teachers (Hamid et al., 2013) and access to knowledge base (Hossen and Hasan, 2013). Ahsan (2013) emphasizes on linkage expansion with external organizations while Ahmed and Ahmed (2013) and Moni et al. (2013) advocate for upgrading course curriculum regularly to fulfill the ultimate objective of higher education quality enhancement at the discipline. 2. References: A reference list MUST be supplied at the end of the paper as per prescribed format. 2.1 Book Style: Surname, Initials (year). Title of Book, Edition, Publisher, Place of publication. e.g. Varian, H.R. (2009). Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach, 8th edition, W.W. Norton and Company, New York. e.g. Gupta, P. and Gupta, R. (1993). Business Statistics,2 nd edition, Sultan & Chad Publications, New Delhi. e.g. Gujarati, D.N., Porter, D.C. and Gunasekar, S. (2009). Basic Econometrics, 5th edition, McGraw Hill, New York. 2.2 Book chapter Style: Surname, Initials (year). ‘Chapter title’, Editor's Surname, Initials, Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication, pages. e.g. Vincent, J.R. (2011). ‘Valuing the Environment as a Production Unit’, in Haque et al. (eds.), Environmental Valuation in South Asia, Cambridge University Press, Delhi, pp. 3678. e.g. Santhakumar, V., Haque, A.K.E. and Bhattacharya, R. (2005). ‘An Economic Analysis of Mangroves in South Asia’, in Khan, M. (ed.), Economic Development in South Asia, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, pp. 369-437. 2.3 Journal paper Style: Surname, Initials (year). Title of article, Journal name, Volume (Issue/Number), Pages. e.g. Adger, W.N. (2006). Vulnerability, Global Environmental Change, 6(3), 268-281. e.g. Capizzi, M.T. and Ferguson, R. (2005). Loyalty Trends for the Twenty-first Century, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 22(2), 72-80.

Page 1 of 4

Citation and Referencing Format Economics Discipline, Khulna University ………………………………………………………………………………………………… e.g. Adger, W.N., Hughes, T.P., Folke, C., Carpenter, S.R. and Rockström, J. (2005). Socialecological Resilience to Coastal Disasters, Science, 309(5737), 1036-1039. 2.4 Published conference proceedings Style: Surname, Initials (year of publication). Title of paper, in Surname, Initials (ed.) [if available], Title of conference, Publisher / Organizer, Place, Date(s) [if available], Page(s) [if available]. e.g. Jakkilinki, R., Georgievski, M. and Sharda, N. (2007). Connecting Destinations with an Ontology-based e-tourism Planner, Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2007, Proceedings of the International Conference in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Springer-Verlag, Vienna, pp. 12-32. 2.5 Unpublished conference / seminar paper Style: Surname, Initials (year). Title of paper, Name of Conference, Organizer, place of conference, date of conference, available at: URL [if freely available on the internet] (Accessed date). e.g. Haider, M.Z., Mohsin, K.F. and Ahsan, M.N. (2011). Structural Changes of the Industrial Sector: A Study on the South-West Region of Bangladesh, Paper presented at the National Conference on Contemporary Issues in Economics (NCCIE), Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), Sylhet, Bangladesh, 23-24 February. e.g. Aumueller, D. (2005). Semantic Authoring and Retrieval within a Wiki, Paper presented at the European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC), Heraklion, Crete, 29 May - 01 June, Available at: http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/aumueller05wiksar.pdf (Accessed 20 February 2007). 2.6 Working / Discussion / Occasional paper (Serial) Style: Surname, Initials (year). Title of paper, Working/Discussion/ Occasional Paper, Number [if available], Institution or organization, Place of organization/publication, Available at: URL [if freely available on the Internet] (Accessed date). e.g. Haider, M.Z. (2012). Options and Determinants of Rice Residue Management in the Southwest Region of Bangladesh, Working Paper, No. 71-12, South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE), Kathmandu, Available at: http://www.sandeeonline.org/uploads/documents/publication/988_PUB_Working_Paper _71_Ziaul_Haider.pdf (Accessed 12May 2013). 2.7 Organizational / Government report Style: Surname, Initials (year). ‘Title of the report’, Institution ororganization, Concerned wing of the organization (if any), Place of organization, Page(s) [if available]. e.g. BBS (2010). ‘Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh 2009’, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. e.g. UNEP (1999). ‘Trade Liberalisation and the Environment - Lessons Learned from Bangladesh, Chile, India, Philippines, Romania and Uganda’, Synthesis Report, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), UNEP/99/7, United Nations, New York. e.g. NACA (2002). ‘Shrimp Farming and the Environment: Can Shrimp Farming Be Undertaken Sustainably?’, Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia Pacific (NACA), Bangkok, Thailand. Page 2 of 4

Citation and Referencing Format Economics Discipline, Khulna University ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.8 Unpublished thesis / dissertation Style: Surname, Initials (year). Title of the thesis/dissertation, Unpublished (Undergraduate / Masters / Ph.D) Thesis/Dissertation, Discipline/Department/Wing, Institution ororganization, Place of organization. e.g. Haider, M.Z. (2007). Structural Changes and International Competitiveness of the Bangladesh Textile and Garment Industry, Unpublished Ph.D Dissertation, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. e.g. Ahsan, M.N. (2004). Mongla Seaport and its Performance, Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Economics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh. 2.9 Translated book / article / bulletin / etc. Style: Surname, Initials (year). Title of the book/report/bulletin / etc. in original language(Translation in English), Publisher, Place of publication. (Name of the original language) e.g. Ahmed, S.N. (2007). Chingri Prokriakaron Karkhana Sramikder Jibon Jibika O Nunotomo Majuri [in Bengali] (In English: Livelihood Pattern of Labors in Shrimp Processing Plants and their Minimum Wage Level), Social Activities for Environment, Khulna. 2.10 Newspaper articles (authored) Style: Surname, Initials (year). Article title, Newspaper, date, page(s). e.g. Smith, A. (2008). Money for Old Rope, Daily News, 21 January, pp. 1, 3-4. 2.11 Newspaper articles (non-authored) Style: Newspaper (year). Article title, date, page(s). e.g. Anon. (2008). Money for Old Rope, Daily News, 21 January, pp. 1, 3-4. 2.12 Electronic sources Style: If available online, the full URL should be supplied at the end of the reference. Also report theaccessed date. e.g. Castle, B. (2005). Introduction to Web Services for Remote Portlets, [online] Available at: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/ws-wsrp/, (Accessed on 12 November 2007). Standalone URLs, i.e. without an author or date, should be included either within parentheses within the main text, or preferably set as a note (Roman numeral within square brackets within text followed by the full URL address at the end of the paper). 2.13 Secondary citation How to cite, if you take from source ‘A’, and that ‘A’ has taken from source ‘B’. e.g. Kolb (1984, as cited in Knowels et al., 2005) proposed a reflective cycle as the basis of learning from experience. e.g. The four steps of learning cycle (Kolb 1984, as cited in Knowels et al., 2005) are described as concrete experience, observation and reflection. You need to mention both the references in Reference list. Page 3 of 4

Citation and Referencing Format Economics Discipline, Khulna University ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.14 Encyclopedia entries (with no author or editor) Style: Title of Encyclopedia (year). Title of entry, volume, edition, Title of Encyclopedia, Publisher,Place of publication, pages. e.g. Encyclopaedia Britannica (1926). Psychology of Culture Contact, Vol. 1, 13th ed., Encyclopaedia Britannica, London and New York, pp. 765-71. (For authored entries, please refer to book chapter guideline) 2.15 Personal communication/ Field survey Mention a personal communication, such as a conversation, a letter, e-mail, an electronic discussion group, or an interview, only in your paper; do not include it in your list of references. Give the last name and initial(s) of the author of the communication and an exact date. e.g. According to Dr. C.S. Apstein, Director of the Cardiac Muscle Research Laboratory at Boston University School of Medicine, research in heart disease is critical to the wellbeing of society today (Personal Communication, 07 January 1998). e.g. The introduction of shrimp farming has been exerting negative impacts on fodder availability (Field Survey, 2012). 2.15 General instructions Make sure that all the references cited in the main text are also listed in the References and vice versa. A 100 percent match is needed in this regard. Use hanging option (for MS Word 2007/2010: (After selecting the whole reference list) Home … Paragraph … Indentation … Special … Hanging … by … 0.3") and arrange alphabetically. If any information is missing or not available as per this style, try to find out first, and if still unavailable, write using the available information. For single page, use ‘p.’, for multiple pages, use ‘pp.’. For date, use DD.MM.YYYY format (e.g. 09 May 2013). For missing or unclear or uncovered issues, follow the Harvard style as a benchmark.

Page 4 of 4