TETVL
Warm it up
Collocation = Word partnership Instructor: Tran Thi Lan Anh 0987.335.827
Advs Truly Only Wildly
Word collocation Adjs Vs Unexpected Positive Ambitious Perplexing High Low Good Fair
Strengthen Suffer Comply with Escape Breed
Ns Crime Poverty Problems Repercussions Chances Standards Regulations Outcome Effects Impacts Consequences
Lesson 1&2: Orienting yourself to the text - Author’s Purpose - Main Idea and Supporting Ideas - How ideas are linked
Defining Good Readers • What are good readers? • “The ability to analyze the author’s purpose and perspective is just as essential as literal and inferential comprehension.” -Gwynne Ellen Ash
Text TYPE = Author’s Purpose T-Technical (to inform, instruct, tell how) Y-Your Story -Narrative (to entertain) P-Persuasive (to persuade, convince) E-Expository (to inform, tell about, explain)
Why might this be confusing for students?
Possible Confusions • Both Narrative and Expository elements in one passage – Use a wide angle lens • Overall, how much is narrative and how much is expository? • Is the introduction a “hook” to engage readers?
Possible Confusions • Persuasive and Technical are also always Expository! – Use a zoom angle lens Expository to explain, inform
Technical
to explain, describe steps
Persuasive
to persuade, convince
Topic, Main Idea, Supporting Details • TOPIC: the subject of the whole paragraph
• MAIN IDEA: the point that the whole paragraph makes
• SUPPORTING DETAILS: the sentences that explain the main idea
Identifying Main Ideas
What is a topic? "A topic is a word or phrase that tells what the author is writing about in a (from Opening Doors, p.191) paragraph." “It labels the subject but does not reveal the specific contents of the passage." (from Bridging the Gap: College Reading, p.124)
What is the topic of the following? Nutrition is the process of taking in and using food for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. The science of nutrition is the study of foods and how the body uses them. Many North Americans define nutrition as eating a healthful diet. But what is healthful? Our food choices may be influenced by fads, advertising, or convenience. We may reflect on the meaning of nutrition while pushing a cart down a supermarket aisle, or while making a selection from a restaurant menu.
What is a stated main idea?
"A stated main idea is the sentence in a paragraph that contains both the topic and the author’s single most important point about the topic." (p.172, Opening Doors)
To find the main idea of a paragraph or passage, ask yourself:
What is the most important point the author wants me to understand about the topic?
The main idea is the most general statement about the topic: People differ in numerous ways. They differ according to physical characteristics, such as height, weight, and hair color. They also differ in personality. Some people are friendly and easygoing. Others are more reserved and formal. Which is the most general statement? Identifying Main Ideas
Finding the Main Idea 1. Locate the Topic --person, place, object, idea 2. Locate the Most General Sentence --the topic sentence W W W W
Topic Sentence First (usually) Topic Sentence Last (second in frequency) Topic Sentence in the Middle Topic Sentence First and Last (last = emphasis)
3. Study the Details—all the sentences in a paragraph must relate/support/explain the main idea.
Where can the main idea appear? At the beginning of the paragraph At the end of the paragraph Within the paragraph Implied in the paragraph
At the beginning of the paragraph: "Beginning a new job is always exciting and sometimes intimidating. There is an invigorating feeling of a fresh start and a clean slate. You face new challenges and draw on a renewed sense of energy as you approach them. But you may also feel apprehensive . . . " (p.196, Opening Doors)
At the end of the paragraph: “. . .Most Anglo-Americans, for instance, see the extensive family obligations of Hispanics as a burdensome arrangement that inhibits individual freedom. Hispanics, in contrast, view the isolated nuclear family of Anglo-Americans as a lonely institution that cuts people off from the love and assistance of their kin. This tendency to view one's own cultural patterns as good and right and those of others as strange or even immoral is called ethnocentrism." (p.197, Opening Doors)
Within the paragraph:
" Jim always seems to score well on tests.
How does he do it? Jim offers these tips for successful studying. The first step is to decide what to study. Find out what topics will be covered on the test. Next, organize your notes and other materials on these topics. Third, make study guides to use as memory aids. Your final step is to review your notes and study guides until you feel confident about taking the test." (from Becoming a Confident Reader, p.200)
"All organisms must insure that their offspring have a reasonable chance to survive and begin a new generation. Plants, however, face special challenges. Plants do not have nervous systems, and they are not able to run away from predators or pests. Because nearly all plants live in fixed positions, they must also manage to find mates without being able to move around. Therefore they have evolved strategies for dealing with these problems that are essentially passive. An important part of such strategies is a reproductive pattern enabling each individual to produce large numbers of offspring." (Levine and Miller, Biology, 1991)
Practice • P.16
How are ideas linked? • Work in groups of three. Rearrange the paragraphs to make a logical passage. • The correct order is
How are ideas linked? • Highlight the linking words in each paragraph that help you decide on the order.
Practice • P.19 • P.20
A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a root word.
A prefix changes the meaning of a word.
A suffix is a word part added to the end of a root word.
A suffix also changes the meaning of a word.
Forty Most Frequent Prefixes and Suffixes Word Beginnings and Endings You Can Really Use
What Are Prefixes? • •
Prefixes are first syllables like “non-” and “re-” that have their own meaning. Prefixes combine with words to create new meanings. 1. Pre + View = Preview (first look) 2. Super + Star = Superstar (top player)
Why Learn Prefixes? • • •
Prefixes add meaning to thousands of words. Learn a few prefixes, and you open up the meaning of thousands of words. The four most frequent prefixes are 97% of prefixed words!
Most Common Prefixes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Anti = against : anti-war De = opposite : destroy Dis* = not, opposite of : disagree En(m) = cause to : encode, embrace Fore = before : forecast In(m) = in : intake, implant Inter = between : interact
Do you know common prefixes? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Anti De Dis* En(m) Fore In(m) Inter
A. between B. cause to C. against D. in E. before F. not G. opposite
Most Common Prefixes 8. Mid = Middle : Midway 9. Mis = Wrongly : Mistake 10. Non = Not : Nonsense 11. Over = Over : Overlook 12. Pre = Before : Preview 13. Re* = Again : Return 14. Semi = Half : Semicircle
Do you know common prefixes? 8. Mid 9. Mis 10. Non 11. Over 12. Pre 13. Re 14. Semi
A. Wrong B. C. D. E. F. G.
Center Not Half Again Above Before
Most Common Prefixes 15. Sub = Under : Submarine 16. Super = Above: Superstar 17. Trans = Across : Transport 18. Un* = Not : Unfriendly 19. Under = Under : Undersea 20. In, Im, Il, Ir * = Not : Injustice, Impossible, Illiterate, Irreligious.
Do you know common prefixes? 15. Sub 16. Super 17. Trans 18. Un 19. Under 20. In, Il, Ir
A. Across B. C. D. E. F.
Not Below Not Above Below
What Are Suffixes? • Suffixes are last syllables like “ed” and “ly” that have their own meaning. • Suffixes combine with words to create new meanings. 1.Turn + ed = Turned (in the past) 2. Quick + ly = Quickly (how it turned)
Why Learn Suffixes? • • •
Suffixes add meaning to thousands of words. Learn a few Suffixes, and you open up the meaning of thousands of words. The four most frequent suffixes are 97% of suffixed words!
Most Common Suffixes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
-able, ible = can be done : doable -al, ial = has property of : personal -ed* = past verb : turned -en = made of : golden -er = comparative : higher -er = one who : doer, actor -est = superlative : best, biggest
Do you know common suffixes? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
-able -al -ed -en -er -er -est
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.
Past Made of Having One who Comparative Can Superlative
Most Common Suffixes 8. –ful = full of : careful, joyful 9. –ic = having property of : linguistic 10. –ing* = present participle : running 11. –(t)ion = act, process : action 12. –(i)ty = state of : infinity, sanity 13. –(t)ive = adjective : motive, votive 14. –less = without : fearless, careless
Do you know common suffixes? 8. –ful 9. –ic 10. –ing* 11. –(t)ion 12. –(i)ty 13. –(t)ive 14. –less
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
Present participle State of Without Having property of Full of Act Adjective Without
Most Common Suffixes 15. –ly* = having : quickly, quietly 16. –ment = action, process : enjoyment 17. –ness = state of : kindness 18. –ous = having : joyous, religious 19. –s* = more than one : books 20. –y = having : happy, windy Use these suffixes correctly, and you look and sound pretty smart.
Do you know common suffixes? 15. –ly* 16. –ment 17. –ness 18. –ous 19. –s* 20. –y
a. b. c. d. e. f.
Action Having Having Plural State of Having
Suffixes We Know
Examples
-er
farmer
-or
actor
-less
useless
-able
buildable
-ible
reversible
Prefixes We Know
Examples
im- not
improper
in- not
incomplete
bi- two
bicycle
non- not
nonstop
dis- not or
disagree
opposite of
Can you use common affixes? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I have a different idea; I __agree. That can’t be; it’s just __possible. Say that again; please __peat it. Aliens look bad; they are __friendly. Tina took the car since she want__ it. Now the car is run__ down the road. Tina is in a hurry; she’s driving quick__. Do you think that she has any ticket__?
READ THE FOLLOWING STORY!
Randy’s bike tire was flat. He couldn’t find the pump because the garage was in disorder. “It’s hopeless,” said Randy. “I’ll never make it to the soccer game on time.”
“That’s nonsense,” said his brother Jake. “You can use my bike.”
“Gee, thanks,” said Randy, hopping on the bike.
“See, I can be likable!” said Jake with a grin.
Practice • Prefix and suffix (p.120)
