Maio 2009 Volume 2, Número 1
REDAF-
REVISTA
DE
DESPORTO
ACTIVIDADE FÍSICA
E
COMPARISON OF THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF IGF-1 IN ELDERLY WOMEN PRACTITIONERS OF WEIGHT TRAINING, DANCE AND MEDITATION PROGRAMS AT CASA DO IDOSO IN THE CITY OF BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL COMPARAÇÃO DOS NÍVEIS SÉRICOS BASAIS DE IGF-1 EM MULHERES IDOSAS PRATICANTES DE MUSCULAÇÃO, DANÇA E MEDITAÇÃO EM PROGRAMA NA CASA DO IDOSO NA CIDADE DE BELÉM-PA, BRASIL
* Human Motricity’s Biosciences Laboratory –LABIMH-UCB (Brasil) **LABIMH-UCB (Brasil)
[email protected]
Thales Pires+ Estélio Henrique Dantas**** Abstract:
Resumo:
Study aim: the objective of the present study was
Objectivo do Estudo: O objectivo do presente
to compare the serum levels of IGF-1 in elderly
estudo foi comparar os níveis séricos de IGF-1 em
women practitioners of weight training, dance and
mulheres idosas praticantes de musculação, dança
meditation programs at Casa do Idoso (Elderly
e meditação, em programas na Casa do Idoso na
House) in the city of Belém-PA, Brazil.
cidade
Material and methods: The subjects were divided in
Material e métodos: Os sujeitos foram divididos em
four
n=30;
quatro grupos: grupo dança (GDAN: n =30;
3.72
idade=69.44.58 anos de idade; BMI=26.77 3.72
groups:
age=69.44.58 kg/m2),
group
years-old;
meditation
age=67.62.41 kg/m2),
dance
(GDAN:
BMI=26.77
group
years-old;
(GMED:
BMI=26.53
n=28;
3.64
weight training group (GMUSC: n=30;
age=68.05.89
years-old;
kg/m2)
control
and
age=68.25.49
BMI=25.89 group
(GC:
n=10;
grupo
-PA,
meditação
Brasil.
(GMED:
n=28;
idade=67.62.41 anos de idade; BMI=26.53 3.64 kg/m2),
grupo
musculação
(GMUSC:
n=30;
idade=68.05.89 anos de idade; BMI=25.89 5.91 kg/m2)
e
grupo
contolo
(GC:
n=10;
idade=68.25.49 anos de idade; BMI=27.86 4.87
performing
kg/m2).. As mulheres idosas desempenharam a sua
exclusively their respective physical activities at
respectiva actividade física nos últimos seis meses.
least for six months. The IGF-1 was analyzed
O
trough the Chemiluminescence Method.
quimioluminescência.
Results: Through the ANOVA one way, the GMUSC
Resultados: Através de uma ANOVA forma, o
showed itself with significantly more elevated
GMUSC
(p<0.05) levels of IGF-1 than GMED and GC. The
elevado com (p <0,05) dos níveis de IGF-1 do que
GDAN presented higher levels (p<0.05) than GC.
GMED e GC. O GDAN apresentaram níveis mais
There were no significant differences (p>0.05)
elevados (p <0,05)
between GMUSC and GDAN, and between the GMED
diferenças significativas (p> 0,05) entre GMUSC e
and the GC.
GDAN,
Conclusions: The study suggests that activities that
Conclusões: O estudo sugere que as actividades
utilize more intense stimulations propitiate more
que utilizam estímulos mais intensos, propiciam
elevated serum levels of IGF-1.
níveis séricos mais elevados de IGF-1.
The
Key-words: Process.
elderly
Hormone,
BMI=27.86
5.91
kg/m2),
Belém
4.87
kg/m2).
years-old;
de
women
Physical
were
Activity,
Aging
IGF-1
foi
analisado
mostrou-se
e
entre
Palavras-chave:
através
método
significativamente
do os
que GC. Não GMED
Hormona,
e
do
Actividade
Processo de envelhecimento
[http://redaf.revistaelectronica.googlepages.com] |
[email protected]
do
|
mais
houve GC.
Física,
COMPARISON OF THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF IGF-1 IN ELDERLY WOMEN PRACTITIONERS OF WEIGHT
2
TRAINING, DANCE AND MEDITATION PROGRAMS AT CASA DO IDOSO IN THE CITY OF BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL
INTRODUCTION The
aging
MATERIAL AND METHODS
process
presents
itself
as
a
Sample
deleterious process of multiple organic systems that is associated to hormonal alterations [2]. The
Participants of the study were 98 elderly women,
involved processes in corporal and tissuey growth
independent from their daily life activities, healthy,
are accompanied by internal (endogenous) factors
volunteers, pertaining to
that can be signalized by hormones. Amongst
Program tied to the Municipal City Hall of Belém do
these hormones, the growth factors similar to
Pará’s Health Program, in Brazil. The subjects were
insuline (IGF-1) stand out, composed of molecular
divided in four groups: dance group (GDAN: n=30;
structures similar to insuline, secreted by the liver
age=69.44.58
and other tissues that modulate the growth in
kg/m2),
autocrine, paracrine or endocrine way [11].
age=67.62.41 kg/m2),
years-old;
meditation
years-old;
age=68.05.89
years-old;
kg/m2)
control
alimentation
by
the
(GMED:
BMI=26.53
Idoso
3.72 n=28;
3.64
weight training group (GMUSC: n=30;
growth
retro
BMI=26.77
group
These mediating hormones participate in the hormone’s
the Casa do
and
BMI=25.89 group
(GC:
5.91 n=10;
hypothalamus-hypophysis axis. However, the IGF-
age=68.25.49
1 secretion can also be influenced by external
kg/m2). The
(exogenous) factors. Standing out amongst them
exclusively their respective physical activities at
are diet and physical exercise that collaborate to
least for six months, without interruption.
the
growth
factors
action
in
inhibiting
years-old; elderly
BMI=27.86
women were
4.87
performing
or
stimulating way [8].
Adopted as exclusion criteria of individuals: under 60
years-old;
being
subject
to
hormonal
The IGF-1 shows itself with a strong association
replacement, possessing any disease or condition
with
muscular
that contraindicated the practice of a physical
skeletal system conservation and metabolic tax
training program; and considered inapt by medical
[4,13], although it has its production diminished
evaluation.
strength
and
muscular
mass,
with the aging process [7]. This way, the decrease in this hormone levels can lead to a bigger
This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics
possibility
Committee and the subjects signed the Free and
of
occurrence
of
diseases
and
dependency [17].
Informed Consent Term according to the Norms for the Realization of Research in Human Beings,
However, the muscular skeletal fibers of the elderly
according to the 196/96 Resolution of the National
can regenerate themselves with the increase in
Health Council.
IGF-1 input in response to physical training [16]. In other way, the responses induced by physical exercise can vary according to the physical activity
Procedures
type and intensity of the practiced exercise [8,14]. To the evaluation of body mass, stature and This way, the objective of the present study was to
calculation of the body mass index (BMI), a
compare the serum levels of IGF-1 in elderly
mechanical scale was used, with stadiometer, 100
women practitioners of weight training, dance and
grams (around 0,22 pounds) precision and 150
meditation programs at Casa do Idoso in the city of
kilograms (around 330 pounds) capacity (Filizola,
Belém-PA.
Brazil).
[http://redaf.revistaelectronica.googlepages.com] |
[email protected]
COMPARISON OF THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF IGF-1 IN ELDERLY WOMEN PRACTITIONERS OF WEIGHT
3
TRAINING, DANCE AND MEDITATION PROGRAMS AT CASA DO IDOSO IN THE CITY OF BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL
The subjects were submitted to a blood collection
Meditation
early in the morning until before 7:30 am to measure the basal serum levels of IGF-1, after a 12 hour fasting, in a Clinical Analysis laboratory. The
The GMED realized the meditation activity three
IGF-1
the
times a week, with duration of 50 minutes by
Chemiluminescence Method – IMMULITE – DPC MED
session. Starting from the sitting position, with
LAB (closed system – by vacuum). The reference
eyes closed, listening to slow rhythm and soft
values followed the group’s average age-group (66
volume music, the session was divided in three
to 70 years-old): IGF-1 – 69 a 200 ng/mL [10].
stages: (1) breathing control, with slow and deep
was
analyzed
through
breath, with the objective of reducing breathing frequency and teaching the correct sequence of thoracic box’s mobilization. This breathing was
INTERVENTION
followed by concentration in several body parts, from head to pelvis; (2) mental repetition of the
Weight training
word “peace”, avoiding any other type of thought. The breathing rhythm was spontaneous. This
The GMUSC realized its training program (2 x 8-10
phase was based in relaxing response’s technique
repetitions; 75-85% of 1-RM) with a series from
and (3) this stage consisted of meditating in
the alternate type by corporal segment of the
healthy and pleasant memories [6].
following exercises: bench press (SR), leg press 450 (Leg 450), rear pull-up (PT), leg curl (FP), biceps twist with dumbbell (RB), leg extension (EP), triceps
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
twist (RT) and abdominal crunches (ABD). The frequency of the training subjects was three times a week in alternate days and the training session
The data was treated by the SPSS 14.0 statistical
was composed of warm up, main work and
program and presented through the mean, the standard deviation and the minimum and maximum values. The Shapiro-Wilk’s test was utilized to verify the data normality. The ANOVA one way was utilized for intergroup comparisons, followed by Scheffe post hoc to identification of possible differences. The study admitted the level of p<0,05 for statistical significance.
relaxation, with a total time of approximately 50 minutes.
Dance
The GDAM practiced the ballroom dance lessons three times a week with 50 minutes duration by session. The rhythms were varied, such as: foxtrot, waltz, rumba, swing, cha-cha and tango. The basic structure of the lesson was the same for all the
RESULTS
participants; however each individual had its own development
(progression),
depending
on
its
physical capacity, energy level, motivation and
Table 1 shows the descriptive results of the sample
cognitive capacity. All the lessons were preceded
over the basal serum levels of IGF-1. The data’s
by a warm up period and finished with relaxation
normality occurred in all analyzed groups. All the
[http://redaf.revistaelectronica.googlepages.com] |
[email protected]
COMPARISON OF THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF IGF-1 IN ELDERLY WOMEN PRACTITIONERS OF WEIGHT
4
TRAINING, DANCE AND MEDITATION PROGRAMS AT CASA DO IDOSO IN THE CITY OF BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL
active groups presented the average values on the
Beld et al. [3], testing the association between IGF-
levels of IGF-1 in normal standards to the age-
1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 and the physical
group. Only the GC stayed below the reference
functions in elderly, concluded that low serum
value
concentrations of IGF-1 permit that the levels of IGFBP2 increase and influence both negative and
Table 1
significantly physical performance and muscular strength. They still found low levels of serum
Image 1 presents the intergroup comparisons over
concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP3 associated to
the basal serum levels of IGF-1. It is observed that
low levels of physical functions. These results
the GMUSC showed itself with significantly more
corroborate the present research, thus the elderly
elevated (p<0.05) levels of IGF-1 than GMED and
that practiced the most intense activities presented
GC. The GDAN presented higher levels (p<0.05)
the biggest serum levels of IGF-1, suggesting that
than GC. No significant differences (p>0.05) were
the individuals of this age-group
found between GMUSC e GDAN, and between
physical
GMED and GC.
intensity dynamic movements to stimulate bigger
activity
secretions Image 1
of
programs
IGF-1
e
that
must
join
utilize
IGFBP3,
and,
high as
a
consequence, improve the physical functions and daily tasks’ performance. This would make the elderly more independent and would prolong its
DISCUSSION
autonomy. The reduction in muscular strength and mobility has been associated with the decrease of the serum levels of IGF-1 and evidenced in a
The results of the present study point that the levels of IGF-1 were significantly bigger in the group of elderly women that realized the physical activities of weight training and ballroom dance in relation to the group that practiced the meditation activity and the control group. These findings are corroborated by the study of Lambert et al. [12] that found statistically more elevated levels of IGF1 in the elderly group that realized exercises with weight in high intensity of effort (80% 1RM), the same way that the GMUSC that trained with intensity between 75 e 85% 1RM. Still in this referred study [12], the group that realized the low intensity
training (40% 1RM)
has not
shown
significant variations of this hormone. The same result was found in GMED and GC of the present investigation. This suggests that the physical exercises that utilize high intensity stimulations are associated to a bigger secretion of the serum levels of IGF-1 in elderly people.
significant form with muscular strength tests of inferior limbs and the walking speed [4]. Cappola et al. [5] demonstrated that the elderly subjects that presented a high degree of difficulty on the daily life activities’ realization also showed low levels of IGF-1. These findings are corroborated by Onder et al. [15] that found bigger walking speeds in elderly that presented bigger serum levels of this hormone. Although the present research has not verified the muscular strength, it confirms that the answers found in the present study in which GMUSC and GDAN presented the highest levels of circulating IGF-1, thus in the physical activities types realized by these groups, like weight training and some dance rhythms, utilized the more intense muscular strength as well as fast and dynamic movements. The same did not occur in the meditation
activity
that
had
as
the
main
characteristic the concentration and the breathing control, although the meditation can improve the quality of life levels and reduce the plasmatic concentrations of norepinefrine [6]. By that, the protein-2
levels
[http://redaf.revistaelectronica.googlepages.com] |
[email protected]
as
an
indicator
of
COMPARISON OF THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF IGF-1 IN ELDERLY WOMEN PRACTITIONERS OF WEIGHT
5
TRAINING, DANCE AND MEDITATION PROGRAMS AT CASA DO IDOSO IN THE CITY OF BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL
nature of these activities can justify these findings.
functional
ability
in
elderly
men.
Eur.J.Endocrinol.,148, 627-634. The exercises with weight realized in the present study show anaerobic predominant characteristics and some utilized rhythms of ballroom dance also showed themselves the same way, also reducing depression and improving self-esteem [9]. This way, Amir et al. [1] also corroborate the findings of the present research, thus verified acute increases
4. Cappola A.R., K.Bandeen-Roche, G.S.Wand, S.Volpato, L.P.A.Frield (2001) Association of IGF-1 levels with muscle strength and mobility
in
older
women.
J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab., 86, 4139-4146. 5. Cappola
A.R.,
Q-L.Xue,
L.Ferrucci,
of IGF-1 after anaerobic stimulations (Wingate’s
J.M.Guralnik, S.Volpato, L.P.A.Frield (2003)
test) in trained elderly and came to the conclusion
Insuline-like
that this type of exercise can be important to
interleukin-6 contribute synergistically to
minimize the muscular mass and physical functions
disability and mortality in Older Women.
loss by significantly increasing the serum levels of
J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,88, 2019-2025.
IGF-1. This indicates that the elderly that take part
6. Curiati
growth
J.A.,
factor
E.Bocchi,
I
and
J.O.Freire,
in more dynamic and intense physical activities will
A.C.Arantes,
also maintain optimum levels of this hormone and
G.Guimarães, W.Jacob (2005) Meditation
by that achieving the necessary muscular strength
reduces
to daily life activities’ realization.
improves the quality of life in elderly
M.Braga,
sympathetic
Y.Garcia,
activation
and
patients with optimally treated heart failure: In conclusion, the results found in the present study suggest that the activities that utilize more intense stimulations propitiate higher serum levels of IGF-1. As such, these activities seem more
a
prospective
randomized
study.
The
Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 11(3), 465-472
indicated to the maintenance of hormone types
7. Fontana L., S.Klein (2007) Aging, adiposity
that possess anabolic characteristics, by being
and calorie restriction. JAMA, 297, 986-
related to muscular strength in elderly individuals.
994.
New studies must be made with a control of other
8. Gibney J., M-L.Healy, P.H.Sönksen (2007)
types of hormones associated to IGF-1 and that
The growth hormone/insulin-like growth
naturally decreases with the aging process.
factor-1
axis
in
exercise
and
sport.
Endocr.Rev., 28, 603–624. 9. Haboush A., M.Floyd, J.Caron, M.LaSota, K.Alvarez (2006) Ballroom dance lessons for
REFERENCES
geriatric depression: An exploratory study.
1. Amir R., D.Ben-Sira, M.Sagiv (2007) IGF-I and FGF-2 responses to Wingate anaerobic
M.,
10. Instituto
de
Patologia
Clínica
Hermes
Pardini (IPCHP) (2007) Manual de exames.
test in older men. JSSM, 6, 227-232. 2. Aubertin-Leheudre
The Arts in Psychotherapy, 33, 89–97.
E.D.B.Goulet,
I.J.Dionne (2008) Enhanced rate of resting
Belo Horizonte. 11. Kjaer M. (2004) Role of extracellular matrix
using
in adptation od tendon and skeletal muscle
hormone-replacement therapy: preliminary
to mechanical loading. Physio.Rev., 84,
results. JAPA, 16, 53-60.
649-698.
energy
3. Beld
expenditure
A.W.,
in
W.F.Blum,
women
H.A.P.Pols,
D.E.Grobbee, S.W.J.Lamberts (2003) Serum insuline-like growth factor binding [http://redaf.revistaelectronica.googlepages.com] |
[email protected]
COMPARISON OF THE BASAL SERUM LEVELS OF IGF-1 IN ELDERLY WOMEN PRACTITIONERS OF WEIGHT
6
TRAINING, DANCE AND MEDITATION PROGRAMS AT CASA DO IDOSO IN THE CITY OF BELÉM-PA, BRAZIL
12. Lambert
C.P.,
M.M.Bopp,
L.E.Johnson,
D.H.Sullivan (2007) Resistance training and testosterone replacement induced changes in body composition, free testosterone, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 in the frail elderly. JEPonline,10(1), 48-56. 13. ManiniT.M., (2005)
M.Druger,
L.Snyder-Ploutz
Misconceptions
about
strength
160, 00 140, 00 120, 00 ) 100, L 00 /m 80,00 g (n 60,00 1 40,00 F G 20,00 I
** #
*
0,00
exercise among older adults. JAPA, 13,
GMUSC
GMED
G DA N
GC
422-433. 14. Moran S., Y.Chen, A.Ruthie, Y.Nir (2007)
Image 1: Comparison of the basal serum levels of
Alterations in IGF-1 affect elderly: role of
IGF-1 between the Weight Training (GMUSC), Dance
physical activity. Eur.Rev.Aging.Phys. Act.,
(GDAN),
4, 77-84.
groups.
15. Onder G., R.Liperoti, A.Russo, M.Soldato, E.Capoluongo,
S.Volpato,
M.Cesari,
F.Ameglio, R.Bernabei, F.Landi (2006) Body
Meditation (GMED)
and Control (GC)
*p<0.05, GDAN vs GC; **p<0.05; GMUSC vs GMED; #p<0.05; GMUSC vs GC.
mass index, free insuline-like growth factor I, and physical function among older adults: results
from
the
ilSIRENTE
study.
Am.J.Physiol.Endocrinol.Metab., 291,E829E834. 16. Rubin
Table 1: Descriptive results of the sample on the IGF-1 levels
M.R.,
J.S.Volek,
W.J.Kraemer,
N.A.Ratamess,
J.L.Vanheest,
D.N.French,
M.J.Sharman,
R.Silvestre, D.A.Judelson, W.C.Hymer
C.M.Maresh,
A.L.Gómez,
(2005)
J.D.Vescovi,
High-affinity
growth
hormone binding protein and acute heavy resistance exercise. Med.Sci.Sports.Exerc., 37(3), 395-403. 17.
Ruiz-Torres
A.,
M.S.M.Kirzner
(2002)
Ageing and longevity are related to growth hormone/insulin-like
growth
factor-1
secretion. Gerontology, 48, 401-407.
[http://redaf.revistaelectronica.googlepages.com] |
[email protected]
