Diffuse  Light  and  Crowded  Fields:  BCG   Photometry  with  Galfit     Corbin  Taylor   Advisor:  Dr.  Tim  McKay  

Galaxy  Clusters  And  Their  Brightest   Members   ‡ Galaxy  Clusters  -­‐  the  most   massive,  gravitationally  bound   structures  in  the  Universe.   ± 1014 Mٖ  -­‐  1015  Mٖ   ± Comparison:  our  Galaxy  has   a  mass  on  the  order  of  1011   Mٖ   ± Fairly  new  to  the  Universe   ‡ Brightest  cluster  galaxy  (BCG)   ± The  brightest,  most  massive   galaxy  in  the  cluster.   ± Resides  in  the  bottom  of  the   gravitational  potential  well.   ± Surrounded  by  diffuse   intracluster  light  (ICL)  

 

Example  of  a  cluster  from  HST:  Abell  1689  

BCG  Photometry  in  Stripe  82   Measuring   BCG   light   intensity   (photometry)  can  be  difficult   ‡ Crowded  cluster  core   ‡ Diffuse  ICL  

  Our  Goal:     Better  BCG  Photometry   Our  Data:   ‡ 42  galaxy  clusters  in  Stripe   82  of  SDSS   ‡ Co-­‐added  to  improve  signal   ‡ An  issue:  no  PSFs  given   ± PSF  -­‐  a  model  of  how  light   from  a  point  source  is  blurred  

 

2.5  m  SDSS  dedicated  telescope  at   Apache  Point,  New  Mexico  

Galfit  ʹ  A  Model  Fitting  Algorithm   ‡   ‡   ‡

  ‡

A  radial  profile  of  intensity     I  =  f(r)     An  azimuthal  profile  of  isophotal   shape     r  =  g(x,y)     Goodness  of  fit  determined  by   normalized  chi-­‐squared.    A  good   fit  should  be  around  1.       Varies  fit  until  changes  in  ɍʆ2   become  small.  

Importance  of  the  PSF     ‡ Galfit  convolves  the  PSF  with  the  radial   profile   ‡ Without  a  PSF,  sersic  ƉƌŽĨŝůĞĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚĨŝƚ BCG  well     Mag  =  16.4     Re  =  21.3  

Importance  of  the  PSF     ‡ Same  input  as  before,  but  with  a   convolved  PSF     ‡ PSF  approximated  by  a  gaussian  profile   with  a  FWHM  derived  from  manual   iteration   Mag  =  16.8   Re  =  11.1  

Fitting  BCGs  in  Crowded  Fields     ‡ A  single  component  fit  of  the  BCG,   ignoring  the  other  bright  objects  in  the   field.     ‡ Galfit  tries  to  compensate  for  the  other   object,  leading  to  a  overall  poor  fit.   Mag  =  15.8   Re  =  25.9  

Fitting  BCGs  in  Crowded  Fields     ‡ A  multi-­‐component  model.    Note  that  BCG   fit  differs  from  previously.     ‡ Residuals  look  much  flatter.   Mag  =  16.2   Re  =  17.8  

Masking  of  Bright  Objects     ‡ A  two  component  fit  without  masking  a   saturated  star  in  the  bottom  right  hand   corner.     ‡ Galfit  tries  to  compensate  for  the  star   light,  leading  to  an  incorrect  azimuth   profile.  

The  Chi-­‐Squared  Problem     ‡ A  single-­‐component  model,  ignoring  the   other  objects  in  the  field.     ‡ ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŽďũĞĐƚƐĂƌĞŶ͛ƚǀĞƌLJďƌŝŐŚƚ͕ Galfit  can  still  do  a  successful  fit  of  the   '͘,ŽǁĞǀĞƌ͙   Mag  =  16.9     Re  =  11.2  

ɍʆ2  =  230.080  

A  Great  Multi-­‐Component  Model     ‡ A  five  component  model,  using  sersics   and  psfs.     ‡ A  great  residual  image  and  good  chi-­‐ squared.   Mag  =  17.5     Re  =  8.2  

ɍʆ2  =  0.950    

Future  Work   ‡ Continue  to  better  the  BCG  fits  with  Galfit   ‡ Work  with  an  IDL  code  to  see  if  residual  light   has  radial  patterns   ‡ Automate  Galfit  using  Python  as  a  wrapper,   enabling  us  to  do  decent  photometry  with  a   large  number  of  clusters      

References   Koester,  Benjamin  P.  et  al.  2007,  ApJ,  660,  221   Koester,  B.  P.  et  al.  2007,  ApJ,  660,  239   Krick,  J.  E.  and  Bernstein,  R.  A.  2006,  ApJ,  131,  168   Peng,  Chien  Y.,  Galfit  hƐĞƌ͛ƐDĂŶƵĂů   Peng,  Chien  Y.  et  al.  2002,  ApJ,  124,  266   Sloan  Digital  Sky  Survey  Website  (sdss.org)   Voit,  Mark  G.  2005,  RvMP,  Vol.  77,  No.  1    

Acknowledgments   ‡ Dr.  McKay  and  his  research  group  for  allowing  me  to  work  with  them   ‡ The  University  of  Michigan  for  giving  me  this  opportunity   ‡ The  National  Science  Foundation  for  funding  this  great  program  

Any  Questions?  

Crowded Fields and Diffuse Light: Galaxy Cluster ...

massive, gravitationally bound structures in the Universe. ... Fairly new to the Universe. • Brightest cluster galaxy ... Future Work. • Continue to better the BCG fits ...

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