m
m m
m
m
m
V Formado por dos largueros y varios travesaños. V Hechos de acero. V Dan la suficiente resistencia para soportar esfuerzos,
deformaciones y vibraciones. V Tiene unos puntos de anclaje donde se fijan los demás componentes y sistemas del automóvil. V _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
m m
V Ês aquella en la que forma parte de su estructura el bastidor.
V _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
V Ês el suministrador de energía. V Ês de combustión interna. V Compuesto por gran cantidad de piezas metálicas que
giran o se deslizan entre si. V _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
m MOTOR
GASOLINA
GNV Gas Natural Vehicular
DIESEL
V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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m m MOTOR
I
³V´
OPU TO O BOX R
V _______________________________________________
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m m
V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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V Ês un dispositivo de desacoplamiento mediante un
disco de fricción, mandado por un pedal. V Cuando se acciona el pedal, libera la presión al disco y queda interrumpida la transmisión. V _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
mm
m m V nida al motor con la interposición del embrague. V Ês un mecanismo que modifica, con mando manual o
automático, el movimiento que llega a las ruedas. V Consiste en una serie de engranajes que proporcionan las diferentes velocidades o marchas. V Las marchas cortas proporcionan poca velocidad pero más fuerza; las largas, más velocidad pero menos fuerza. V _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
!"#$
V _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
m MANUAL O MECANICA
AUTOMATICA
V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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m m
V _______________________________________________
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!
V Ês un eje o tubo que transmite el movimiento de la caja de
cambios al eje trasero o a las ruedas delanteras.
V _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
V Mirve para evitar que los movimientos e irregularidades del
terreno, se transmitan a la carrocería.
MUMP
RI I
MIO
Mc. PH RMO
I
P
I
T
V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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mm V Ês la encargada de orientar las ruedas delanteras para
que el vehículo siga la trayectoria prevista. V Êl mando lo ejerce el conductor mediante el volante. V _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
÷irección por caja ÷irección hidráulica
÷irección por cremallera
% V Êl sistema de frenos permite reducir la velocidad del
vehículo o detenerlo, a voluntad del conductor, en un tiempo y espacio mínimos.
FRÊ DÊ DIMC
DÊ TAMBR
V _______________________________________________
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%
V _______________________________________________
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% m
V _______________________________________________
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%
V _______________________________________________
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mm V ?ermite numerosas y variadas funciones. V La energía eléctrica producida por el alternador es
acumulada por la batería, y su vez suministrada a los diferentes componentes y/o dispositivos. V Mu función principal es la de alimentar al sistema de encendido para generar la chispa para el funcionamiento del motor. MIMTÊMA ÊLÊCTRIC BATÊRIA Y CARGA
ARRA Ê
AL MBRAD
V _______________________________________________
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&m
V _______________________________________________
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'
V _______________________________________________
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&
V _______________________________________________
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º
m V ?ara que se produzca la explosión de la mezcla en el
interior de la cámara de combustión hace falta un procedimiento eléctrico que haga saltar una chispa entre dos electrodos (bujía) para encender súbitamente la mezcla. C Ê CI AL (?LATI ) Ê CÊ DID ÊLÊCTRÓ IC
m
V _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
m m BOBI
DIS
BUJI
IBUIDO
V _______________________________________________
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& m
V _______________________________________________
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?URIFICADOR DE AIRE
FILTRO DE AIRE
V _______________________________________________
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m m V Ês el sistema por el cual llega el combustible desde el
tanque hasta el carburador o los inyectores. V Compuesto por: Deposito o tanque de combustible. Caños o conductos. Bomba de combustible (eléctrica o mecánica). Filtro de combustible. Carburador o inyectores.
V _______________________________________________
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m m ( ) " *
V _______________________________________________
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BOMB M m Im
m RBUR ÷OR
I TRO ÷
MO I
V _______________________________________________
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m m (!+ ,!*
V _______________________________________________
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BOMB XTR ImTORM
BOMB MUMR IB
V _______________________________________________
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m m ( *
V _______________________________________________
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BOMB ROT TIV
BOMB ImTOR
I
V _______________________________________________
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mm V Tiene por objeto hacer tolerable el roce entre las
superficies en contacto y consiste en interponer entre las superficies una superficie de aceite sobre la que se deslizan. V Mi la capa es delgada, o no existe, se produce un desgaste de las piezas. V La lubricación de los motores tiene por objeto: Lubricar. Refrigerar. Limpiar.
mm
FILTRO DE ACEITE
DIVERSOS ACEITES
V _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________
%m V Ês capaz de eliminar el calor generado por el
funcionamiento del motor. V La elevación excesiva de la temperatura, daría lugar al deterioro y a la consecuente falta de lubricación, al perder el aceite sus propiedades. ?R AG A L BRICACI ?R AIRÊ
%m
TA?A DE RADIADOR
DE?O ITO DE EX?A
IO
V _______________________________________________
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%m
V _______________________________________________
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- m & m
V No desatienda sus mensajes.
Me afirma que una imagen vale más que mil palabras. Aplicando esta frase al automóvil, podríamos decir que una luz en el tablero o un comportamiento anormal en los marcadores envía una serie de mensajes que no se deben pasar por alto.
m m uz de batería uz de frenos BM uz de servicio o check engine uz de aceite o presión de aceite uz de freno y freno de mano
V na luz roja en el tablero de instrumentos puede
significar que debes detener la marcha inmediatamente, o que tienes tiempo de llevarlo al mecánico. V Aprende a detectar las señales para evitar quedar plantada.
V aerifica la l z
el e ce i . P e e a er a falla e l s se s res el e ce i electr ic . P e e etectarse a ifere cia e el a ar, er azl revisar e t s s. P e es se ir a a . Si el r le a es seri , la c ta ra e e a t ática e te asar al " atería aja" y e este cas , te rás la rt i a e es erar a llevarl al taller.
V _______________________________________________
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V Luz de emisión de gases. Dependiendo
del modelo del coche, estas luces pueden indicar una falla en los sensores de emisión de gases o se pueden encender después de cierto kilometraje, (generalmente 100.000 km.). erifica los sensores. ?uedes continuar. Mi existe alguna falla, el coche podrá presentar bajo rendimiento de combustible.
V _______________________________________________
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V Luz de carga de batería. Êl alternador
no está cargando. ?uedes continuar, pero desconecta todo lo innecesario (radio, calefacción, acondicionador de aire) y evita apagar y encender el motor más de lo necesario. Lleva el coche al taller antes de quedar varado. Cuando el alternador no carga, la batería se consume y el coche deja de funcionar.
V _______________________________________________
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V Meñal del "air-bag". Revisa los air-
bags. Mi existe una falla, estos no se activarán ante un accidente. ?uedes conducir pero es peligroso en caso de accidente.
V _______________________________________________
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V Luz de freno. Asegúrate de no tener
puesto el freno de mano mientras conduces. erifica el nivel de líquido de freno. Completa el nivel si está bajo y ve al mecánico para revisión. Conducir con la luz de freno encendida puede ser peligroso. Moluciónalo cuanto antes. Llama al remolque o conduce con cuidado hasta el taller mecánico.
V _______________________________________________
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Êl sistema ABM (antibloqueo) de la luz de freno, puede indicar bajo nivel de líquido de freno, calibrador del freno bloqueado o sistema ABM defectuoso. erifica el nivel del líquido de freno y ve al mecánico para revisar los frenos. Llama al remolque o conduce con cuidado hasta el taller.
V _______________________________________________
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V Meñal de aceite. ?uede ser que el nivel
de aceite esté bajo o que no haya buena presión de aceite. Arrímate al cordón y apaga el motor de inmediato. erifica el nivel de aceite y completa el nivel si está bajo. Ênciende el motor nuevamente para controlar si la luz ya se apagó. Mi aún sigue encendida, es posible que la bomba de aceite esté averiada y no haya presión de aceite. Llama al remolque.
V _______________________________________________
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*
V _______________________________________________
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m
V _______________________________________________
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% m m m
BI
RU R
m MBI R
V _______________________________________________
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%
V _______________________________________________
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' % &
V _______________________________________________
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' m mm
V _______________________________________________
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V _______________________________________________
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m -----
