POPOV: 133–151

Studia dipterologica 16 (2009) Heft 1/2 • ISSN 0945-3954

Merodon alexandri spec. nov. – a new species of hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the northern Black Sea Region [Merodon alexandri spec. nov. – eine neue Schwebfliegen-Art (Diptera: Syrphidae) aus der nördlichen Schwarzmeer-Region] by Grigory V. POPOV Donetsk (Ukraine)

Abstract

Merodon alexandri spec. nov. is described from eastern Ukraine and the adjacent area of Russia. The new species is similar to M. loewi VAN DER GOOT, but differs mainly by the shape and size of the spur on hind trochanter and the apical spur on hind tibia of the male, and also by the male terminalia structure and a somewhat smaller body. Data on the ecology of the species are also reported. An updated key to the species of the M. ruficornis group of the northern Black Sea region is provided.

Key words

Syrphidae, Merodon, Palaearctic, Ukraine, Black Sea region, new species, key

Zusammenfassung Merodon alexandri spec. nov. wird aus der östlichen Ukraine und dem angrenzenden Gebiet Russlands beschrieben. Die neue Art ähnelt M. loewi VAN DER GOOT, unterscheidet sich jedoch von jener durch Form und Größe des Sporns am hinteren Trochanter und des apikalen Sporns an der Hintertibia des Männchens sowie durch das männliche Genital und die etwas kleinere Körpergröße. Es werden ökologische Angaben zu M. alexandri gemacht. Der Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Arten der M. ruficornis-Gruppe der nördlichen Schwarzmeer-Region wird aktualisiert. Stichwörter

Syrphidae, Merodon, Paläarktis, Ukraine, Schwarzmeer-Region, neue Art, Bestimmungsschlüssel

Introduction When studying the syrphid fauna of Ukraine two species of Merodon were recognized among a series from different collections that had been previously determined as “M. loewi VAN DER GOOT”. They differ by their habitus, structure of male terminalia and distribution in Ukraine. One of the species is widespread in Crimean Peninsula, whereas the other is found to the north and north-east from Crimea, with ranges non-overlapping. Study of specimens labelled as M. graecus LOEW, 1862 types showed that M. loewi VAN DER GOOT, 1964 (= M. graecus LOEW, 1862) in Ukraine inhabits Crimea only. Other specimens from the Left-Bank (Trans-Dnieper) Ukraine and the neighbouring area of Russia were found to belong to a previously unknown species described below. Abbreviations of collections and institutions DBG IBNS KhES NMW SIZK SLR

– – – – – –

Donetsk Botanical Gardens, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Donetsk, Ukraine Institute of Biology, Novi Sad, Serbia Kharkov Branch of Ukrainian Entomological Society, Kharkov, Ukraine Natural History Museum of Vienna (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien), Austria The I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine Stanichno-Luganskoe Branch of Lugansk Natural Reserve, nr. Lugansk, Ukraine

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SZMN

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VTUS ZIN ZMHB

– – –

ZMUM

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Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, Russia V. I. Vernadsky Tauria National University, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Museum of Natural History of the Humboldt University, Berlin (Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Germany Zoological Museum, University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia

Results Morphological terminology follows MCALPINE (1981), VOCKEROTH & THOMPSON (1987), THOMPSON & ROTHERAY (1998), with some supplements which follow currently accepted terminology of the genus Merodon (HURKMANS 1993; VUJIĆ et al. 1995, 1996, 2007; MILANKOV et al. 2002; RADENKOVIĆ et al. 2004; MARCOS-GARCÍA et al. 2007). Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, 1964 (Figs 8, 9, 13–20, 23, 24, 33, 34, 38, 42)

Material examined. Syntype of Merodon graecus LOEW, 1862 (in accordance to Article 73.2 of ICZN 1999): 1 ♂, GREECE: hand-written [Parnass 21/4 6...] + hand-written on the red paper [TYPE] + printed [Zool. Mus. Berlin] {sic! – on the geographical label the correction of the year being noticeable}, deposited in the ZMHB. Other specimens (37 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀ of Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT): UKRAINE: Crimea, Krasnolesye, 1 ♂, 20.v.1974, MAL’TSEV; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 11.v.1978, MOSYAKIN; 1 ♀, 23.v.1979, MOSYAKIN; 1 ♀, 27.v.1980, STULOVA. Dol. Salgira, 1 ♂, 22.iv.1899, BAZHENOV. Pionerskoye, 1 ♀, 1.v.1982, MOSYAKIN. Simferopol’, 1 ♂, iii.1901, [collector unknown]. Dubki, 1 ♂, 3.v.1980; 1 ♂, 17.v.1981, all MOSYAKIN; 1 ♂, 7.v.1983, MAL’TSEV. Karabi-yayla, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 30.v.1980, GORDIYENKO. Karasyovka, 1 ♂, 2.vi.1979, MOSYAKIN; 1 ♂, 2.vi.1979, GORDIYENKO; 2 ♀♀, 18.v.1980, MAL’TSEV; 1 ♂, 26.v.1980; 1 ♀, 27.v.1980; 1 ♂, 28.v.1980; 1 ♂, 1.vi.1980, all GORDIYENKO. Karadag, Karadagsk. dol., 1 ♂, 2.v.1996, POPOV. Feodosiya, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, 19.v.1929, B. SMIRNOV. Kerch, 1 ♀, 12.v.1902, KIRICHENKO. Yuzaba, 2 ♂♂, 24.iv.1911, N. KUZNETSOV. Opuk, 6 ♂♂, 19.v.1996, POPOV. Kerchenskiy r-n, Opukskiy zapovednik, 3 ♂♂, 7.v.2000, I. P. LEZHENINA. Okr. Adzhimushkaya, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 7.v.1996, BULLI; 2 ♂♂, 7.v.1996, POPOV. Zavetnoye, 2 ♂♂, 12.v.1996; 2 ♂♂, 14.v.1996; 1 ♂, 15.v.1996, all POPOV. Takil’, 1 ♀, 12.v.1996, POPOV.

Remarks. All Crimean M. loewi specimens except for those collected by I. P. LEZHENINA are cited in the author’s Ph. D. thesis (POPOV 2003). The words «Krym» and «Crimea» are omitted here throughout the labels text. The specimens collected by А. BAZHENOV, A. N. KIRICHENKO and N. Y. KUZNETSOV are deposited in the ZIN; those ones collected by M. K. GORDIYENKO, I. V. MAL’TSEV, S. A. MOSYAKIN, B. SMIRNOV, L. A. STULOVA and by an anonymous collector are deposited in the VTUS Department of Ecology and the Rational Use of the Nature; the specimens, collected by A. F. BULLI and G. V. POPOV are in the author’s collection (DBG); those ones collected by I. P. LEZHENINA are deposited in the KhES. The text of all labels of Crimean specimens is in Cyrillic Russian (transliterated). Merodon alexandri spec. nov.

(Figs 1–7, 10–12, 21, 22, 25–32, 35–37, 39–41) Literature. Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT – SKUF’IN & BULLI (1987): 122; LEZHENINA (1993): 62; POPOV (1994): 70; POPOV et al. (2002): 176 [misidentification; records from Left-Bank Ukraine, Donetsk and Lugansk regions; material re-determined]; POPOV (2001): 29 [misidentification; trophical connections; material re-determined]. Judging by its distribution; STACKELBERG (1970): 81 [record from Ukraine as a whole, in part]. Lampetia graeca (LOEW) – SKUF’IN & PEREYASLAVTSEVA (1959): 91; SKUF’IN et al. (1962): 184, 188; SKUF’IN (1964): 168 [Russia: Voronezh region]; LEVITIN (1963): 115 [Russia: Rostov region]. All are possible misidentifications of this species, but material has not been re-examined.

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Studia dipterologica 16 (2009) Heft 1/2: 133–151 Material examined. Holotype: ♂, with labels: white «Ukraine, Kharkiv reg. Gaidary 40 km S of Kharkiv 11.v.1999 G. V. POPOV», white «bol’shaya polyana v balke s zaboloch. tal’vegom posredi nagorn. dubravy.», red «Holotypus ♂ Merodon alexandri sp. n. G. V. POPOV det. 2006», green «H.»; deposited in the SIZK. Paratypes (150 ♂♂ 39 ♀♀): UKRAINE: KIROVOGRAD REGION: Znamenka, distr. Alexandria, 1 ♂, 30.v.[19]27, A. PARAMONOV leg. + «Merodon sylvaticus n. sp. ♂ Typus PARAMONOV det.» (specimens is not a type – POPOV 2010, in prep.). SUMY REGION: Sumsk. obl., okr. g. Trostyanets, balka, lug, 1 ♂, 10.vi.1959, [collector unknown]. KHARKOV REGION: Khark. obl., Zmiev. r-n, Gomol’shanskoye lesn., 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 27.v.1979; 1 ♀, 2.v.1984, all LEZHENINA. Okr. Khar’kova, 1 ♂, 3.v.1982; 1 ♂, 23.v.1982, all LEZHENINA. Gaidary 40 km S of Kharkov, 11 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 7.v.1999 [including paratypes No. 1, 2, 3 (♂♂) and No. 5 (♀)]; 18 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 8.v.1999; 10 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 9.v.1999 [including paratype No. 4 (♀)]; 26 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 11.v.1999; 4 ♂♂, 12.v.1999; 14 ♂♂, 13.v.1999, all G. V. POPOV. Gajdary at 40 km S Kharkov, 1 ♀*, 8.v.1999; 2 ♀♀*, 11.v.1999; 2 ♀♀*, 13.v.1999, all G. V. POPOV. Gaidary 40 km S Kharkov, 2 ♀♀, 11–13.v.1999; 1 ♀, 14.v.1999, all G. V. POPOV. Khar’k. obl., Chuguev. r-n okr. s. Kitsevka, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 5.v.2001, LEZHENINA. DONETSK REGION: Don. obl. Slavyan. r-n s. Mayaki, 3 ♂♂, 9.v.1975, [collector unknown]. Donetsk. obl., Shakhtyorsk. r-n, 1 ♂, 6.v.1995, LEZHENINA. Peskovatyi Les forest 14 km NNE Donetsk, N vicinity of Yasinovataya, 32 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, 16.v.2006; 18 ♂♂, 20.v.2007, all G. V. POPOV. LUGANSK REGION: Donetsk. obl. Stanichno-Luganskiy z-k, 1 ♂** 4 ♀♀**, 6.v.1998 [including paratype No. 6 (♀)]; 1 ♂** 2 ♀♀**, 7.v.1998; 1 ♂**, 8.v.1998, all Y. V. ABALYOSHEVA. RUSSIA: BELGOROD REGION: Walouiki, 2 ♂♂, [date absent, before 1927], (?) R. m. [V. A.] VELITCHKOVSKY + «ruficornis det. SACK.». Belgorod. obl., okr. Borisovki, zapov. Les na Vorskle, 1 ♀, 20.v.1989, LEZHENINA. Borisovka Belgorodskoy zap. Les na Vorskle, 1 ♂, 20.v.1989, LEZHENINA. Remarks see below.

Figs 1–4: Merodon alexandri spec. nov., head. – 1: Head ♂, lateral view, holotype; – 2: Left antenna ♂, paratype 1 (sensory pit on the inner surface of basoflagellomere is shown); – 3: Head ♂, dorsal view, holotype; – 4: Head ♀, dorsal view, paratype 4.

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4

2

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Figs 5–7: Hind legs of Merodon alexandri spec. nov., holotype ♂. – 5: Left hind leg; – 6: Left hind trochanter, femur and tibia; – 7: Right hind trochanter, femur and tibia.

Etymology. The species is named in memory of Alexandr Vsevolodovich ZAKHARENKO (May 15, 1948 – September 23, 2004), a famous Ukrainian entomologist and specialist in Neuropterous insects, Chair of the Kharkiv Branch of the Ukrainian Entomological Society whose untimely death occurred a few years ago. Many entomologists in Ukraine and abroad were acquainted and collaborated with him. A. V. ZAKHARENKO was always ready to render his help, advice or support to everyone and also to the young researchers. Diagnosis. The species fits the diagnosis of the ruficornis group (MILANKOV et al. 2002, RADENKOVIĆ et al. 2004, POPOV et al. 2005, VUJIĆ et al. 2007). General coloration of body black, abdomen with two lateral yellowish or orange spots. Similar to M. loewi VAN DER GOOT, 1964, differing mainly by shape and size of spur on hind trochanter and apical spur on hind tibia of male, and also by male terminalia structure and somewhat smaller body. Hind trochanter spur in M. alexandri spec. nov. not shovel-like flattened and always shorter than in M. loewi. Unlike M. alexandri spec. nov., apical spur of hind tibia of M. loewi noticeably longer, more extended and with ledge medially. Apically hind tibia in M. alexandri spec. nov. bent toward abdomen (almost not bent in M. loewi). Body pilosity of M. alexandri spec. nov. less developed, including brushes of hairs on legs, and unlike M. loewi, long dark hairs on all femora, especially on fore and middle femora, distinctive. Ocellar angle (47–61°) and tl-v ratio (0.2) smaller in M. alexandri spec. nov. than in M. loewi (63° and 0.3, respectively). Abdominal tergites of M. alexandri spec. nov. without pruinose transverse bands except tergite 2 with such interrupted band sometimes present; but tergites 3 and 4 with interrupted bands of pale hairs surrounded by black ones, whereas tergites 2–4 in M. loewi with narrow, interrupted, hardly noticeable goldish-whitish pruinose bands. In both species sternite 4 hind margin with trianglular incision; in M. alexandri spec. nov. this gradually merged with margin of sternite, but 136

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8 9

Figs 8–9: Hind leg of Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, type of M. graecus LOEW ♂. – 8: Left hind leg; – 9: Left hind trochanter, femur and tibia.

in M. loewi incision and sternite meet at angle. Posterior surstylus lobe subrectangular. Females: Interrupted bands on tergites 2–4 interrupted by wider interval than that in M. loewi or almost indistinct at all. Body pilosity less developed than in M. loewi female. White band on tergite 4 either quite absent or insignificantly developed and widely separated unlike M. loewi. Description. Size: Body length 7.7–10.8 mm; wing length 6.2–7.9 mm. Male. Head (Figs 1–3): Antenna brown, scape and pedicel dark brown to black, basoflagellomere somewhat paler. Color of arista similar to that of basoflagellomere, apical aristomere (or rarely whole arista) darker. Basoflagellomere oblong and rounded, more or less rounded truncate in its anterodorsal part (Fig. 2). Basoflagellomere ca. 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide. Basoflagellomere shape rather variable, usually as on Fig. 2. Antennal ratio 1.5–1.8. Pedicel and scape with several pale and dark seta-like hairs. Lateral and medial surfaces of basoflagellomere with inconspicuous sensory pit or dark spot. Face and frons shining black, non-tomentose, finely punctated. Oral margin intensively black lustrous. Lunule, median facial vitta and wide area at oral margin bare and not punctate. All other parts punctated and less shiny. Punctate parts of face and frons covered with thin and relatively long (at least one-third of arista length) pale hairs. Facial hairs sparser and whitish or yellowish, frontal hairs denser, brownish-yellowish. Vertical triangle black lustrous, punctated (like frons), with crest, formed by rather long (longer than facial and frontal) anterodorsally directed erect mixed brownish-yellowish and black hairs. Ocellar triangle covered with black or, rarely, mixed hairs. All hairs posterior of ocellar triangle pale. Occiput including postocular orbits [for this term see DUŠEK & LÁSKA (1976)] punctated as on frons, with whitish tomentum on eye border, covered with dense yellowish hairs up to oral 137

POPOV: Merodon alexandri spec.nov. (Syrphidae) from the northern Black Sea Region

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13 11

12 14

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Figs 10–15: Hind legs variability of Merodon alexandri spec. nov. and Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, ♂♂. – 10: M. alexandri, left hind trochanter, femur and tibia, paratype 1; – 11: M. alexandri, left hind tibia, paratype 2; – 12: M. alexandri, left hind tibia, paratype 3; – 13: M. loewi, right hind trochanter, femur and tibia, specimen 1; – 14: M. loewi, left hind trochanter, femur and tibia, specimen 1; – 15: M. loewi, apical part of left hind tibia, specimen 1.

margin. These hairs short at sides, longer behind vertex and at oral margin where they form socalled beard. Compound eye (Figs 1, 3) mainly densely whitish haired, or brownish haired on dorsal part. Vertical angle (α) 43–55°. Ocellar angle (β) 47–61°. Length of eye-approximation (tl) / vertex height (v) ratio (tl-v ratio) 0.2. In most cases tl ≤ vertex height to the anterior ocellus (front of vertex, fv, distance between top point of eye-approximation and ocellar triangle). Thorax: Thorax basically black lustrous, greater part of it with dark olive-goldish tint, densely and long haired and punctated on scutum, postpronotum, notopleuron, postalar callus, scutellum 138

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20

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Figs 16–20: Hind legs variability of Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, ♂♂. – 16: Right hind trochanter, femur and tibia, specimen 2; – 17: Apical part of right hind tibia, specimen 2; – 18: Left hind trochanter, femur and tibia, specimen 3; – 19: Apical part of left hind tibia, specimen 3; – 20: Left hind trochanter, posterior view, specimen 3.

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22 21

23

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Figs 21–24: Hind legs of Merodon alexandri spec. nov. and Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, ♀♀. – 21: M. alexandri, left hind leg, paratype 4; – 22: M. alexandri, left hind trochanter, femur and tibia, paratype 5; – 23: M. loewi, left hind trochanter, femur and tibia, specimen 4; – 24: M. loewi, left hind trochanter, femur and tibia, specimen 5.

and all thoracic lateral and ventral sclerites (anepisternum except for its bare margin at anterior spiracle, anepimeron except for its bare posterior part, katepisternum in its dorsal-central and ventral parts). Hairs longer than those on frons but shorter than on vertex, except for scutellum hairs (especially on the posterior margin) as long as those on vertex. Thoracic hairs pale brownish-yellow, with goldish tint on scutum and usually whitish on scutellum. Postalar callus, posterior margin of scutellum, thoracic lateral and ventral sclerites with longest thoracic hairs; scutum bearing shortest thoracic hairs. Scutellum with clear apical rim. Central part of scutellum with inconspicuous depression or dark spot parallel to its posterior margin, sometimes deeper small depression. No scallop-like row of dense coal-black thick hairs dorsal of wing base. Calypteres whitish with long pale goldish marginal hairs. Stem of halter pale, knob brown. Wing: Wing membrane hyaline, veins brown. Wing membrane almost entirely covered with microtrichia except for a few more or less bare and usually oblong areas in proximal cells: first radial cell (r1) – narrowly at cell base, not reaching connection of veins R2+3 and R4+5; basal radial cell (br) – narrowly at base and at basal half on anterior and posterior margin of cell along microtrichose area of spurious vein; basal medial cell (bm) – narrowly at base and narrowly at anterior and posterior margin; first anal cell (a1) – basal and anterobasal areas. Legs (Figs 5–7, 140

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Figs 25, 26: Abdomen of Merodon alexandri spec. nov., dorsal view. – 25: ♂, holotype; – 26: ♀, paratype 6.

10–12): Legs dark, especially fore and mid legs. All coxae and trochanters black. All femora black, moderately lustrous. Fore and mid femora narrowly brownish or brownish-yellowish in apical part, hind femora as a rule narrowly brown apically. All tibiae black but narrowly brown apically and to 1/3 or 1/2 basally; hind tibiae with apical spur brown: knees of fore leg and mid leg clearly brown. First, second, and third tarsomeres of all legs brownish, with the exception of the fore third tarsomeres which are dark from above. Other tarsomeres black and rarely the fore and mid tarsi in dark specimens almost fully dark-brown but still darker at the apex of tarsi. Legs well covered with hairs. Coxae with yellowish hairs in ventral part, in dorsal part of fore coxa with short black hairs, mid coxa with mostly yellowish hairs, hind coxa almost entirely yellowish haired. Hair length increasing from fore to hind coxa, hairs on hind coxa very long and thick; hairs on fore and mid (not on hind) coxae forming fаn-shaped brushes of black and goldish-yellow hairs. Hairs on all coxae as long as, or longer than on trochanters. All trochanters covered with mainly pale yellowish hairs with admixture of sparse dark hairs, without any crests or brushes. All femora basolaterally with small rounded area covered with very short black setae. Femora in mixed hairs, with shortest hairs on hind femur part closest to abdomen; and with longest hairs (pale) on ventral side of hind femur. Fore and mid femora anteriorly in short black hairs, posterolaterally (on longitudinal hair brushes) in mixed long pale whitish-yellowish hairs and somewhat shorter black hairs; posterolateral hairs forming longitudinal brushes, those on mid femora more developed. Femora slightly punctate and rugose especially on hind femora, tibiae finely punctate; triangular plate of hind femur roughly punctate. Smooth portions of leg shiny black (partly hind trochanter in its both flattened sides, ventral oblong area on hind femur, hind tibia narrowly at base). All tibiae with pale hairs (often with goldish tint) and with a small admixture of black hairs (especially on inner sides of mid and hind tibiae). Fore and mid femora slightly swollen. Hind trochanter armed with relatively short and apically slightly 141

POPOV: Merodon alexandri spec.nov. (Syrphidae) from the northern Black Sea Region

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Figs 27, 28: Epandrium of Merodon alexandri spec. nov., paratype 1. – 27: Lateral view; – 28: Anterior view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

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Figs 29, 30: Epandrium of Merodon alexandri spec. nov., paratype 2. – 29: Lateral view; – 30: Anterior view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

flattened conical spur (Figs 5–7, 10). Hind femur (Figs 5–7, 10) moderately swollen and slightly arcuate. Apicolateral ventral triangular plate of hind femur well-developed, covered with short black setae on its posterior margin. Hind tibia armed with short declivous flattened apical spur (Figs 5–7, 10–12); apical part of hind tibia slightly nail-like flattened from side opposed to apical spur. Hind tibia slightly swollen in its middle part (see from behind), in its apical third (see from behind) more or less bent toward abdomen. Abdomen: Shape of abdomen and tergites as on Fig. 25. Segments of abdomen lustrous black, on tergites 1–4 and sternite 8 (so-called genital cap) with bronze-olive reflection. Tergite 2 with

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Figs 31, 32: Epandrium of Merodon alexandri spec. nov., paratype 3. – 31: Lateral view; – 32: Anterior view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

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Figs 33, 34: Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, specimen 1. – 33: Lateral view; – 34: Anterior view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

two lateral reddish yellow spots (indicated by dotted line on Fig. 25) covered with long dense reddish yellow hairs. All other portions of abdomen covered with less long and less dense mostly whitish hairs than those on tergite 2. In the middle of tergites 2 and 3, and rarely on a hind half of tergite 2, abdomen covered with short black hairs in a mixture with pale ones. Tergites without pruinose transverse bands except for tergite 2 on which this interrupted band is sometimes present (emerging from lateral spots); but tergites 3 and 4 have interrupted bands of pale hairs surrounded by black ones. On tergite 2 this band is emerging from lateral reddish yellow spots. Hind margin of sternite 4 has an incised triangle smoothly merging with the margin of sternite. Male terminalia (Figs 27–32, 35–37, 39–41): Anterior and posterior lobes of surstyli 143

POPOV: Merodon alexandri spec.nov. (Syrphidae) from the northern Black Sea Region

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Figs 35–38: Hypandrium of Merodon alexandri spec. nov. and Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, lateral view. – 35: M. alexandri, paratype 1; – 36: M. alexandri, paratype 2; – 37: M. alexandri, paratype 3; – 38: M. loewi, specimen 1. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

well-developed and covered with long hairs, especially posterior ones. Ventral extension of anterior surstylus lobe armed with small, sharp process on inner surface of surstylus. Posterior surstylus lobe subrectangular. Cerci large and more or less rounded, covered with long hairs. Hypandrium typical for the genus, with fringed plates and with thecal sulcus, pointed towards apical shaft part. Shape of hypandrium very variable. Female. Similar to the male except for sexual characters, and differing by somewhat smaller body size and following characters: Head (Fig. 4): Eyes separate and with less developed pilosity. Face and frons with thin vertical whitish-pollinosed bands contiguous with compound eyes. Face covered with whitish hairs, and frons covered mainly with shorter dark hairs. Thorax: Legs (Figs 21, 22): As in male, black hairs on femora present, especially on fore and mid femora. Legs without any spurs, except for apicoventral triangular plate on hind femur, but triangular plate less developed. Fore tarsus gradually darkening from base to apex dorsally. Hind trochanters with obtuse triangle ledge. Hind tibia weakly extended apically. Abdomen (Fig. 26): Segments of abdomen lustrous black without bronze-olive reflection. Reddish yellow hairs on lateral spots of tergite 2 somewhat shorter. Interrupted band on tergites 2–4 often almost indistinctive. White band on tergite 4 either absent or insignificantly developed and widely separated, interrupted by dark area wider than maximum band width. Body pilosity less developed than in male. Remarks. The holotype (♂) and 16 paratypes (13 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀) from Donetsk, Lugansk and Kirovograd regions are deposited in SIZK. Part of the paratypes are deposited in the ZIN (5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀) and ZMUM (5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀). Paratypes collected by I. P. LEZHENINA and the specimen from Sumy region are deposited in the KhES collection (8 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 12 paratypes). Paratypes from Valouiki («Walouiki» in the label) are deposited in NMW (2 ♂♂). Three paratype specimens 144

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42

Figs 39–42: Apical part of hypandrium of Merodon alexandri spec. nov. and Merodon loewi VAN DER GOOT, anterior view. – 39: M. alexandri, paratype 1; – 40: M. alexandri, paratype 2; – 41: M. alexandri, paratype 3; – 42: M. loewi, specimen 1. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

(2 ♂♂ 1 ♀) are deposited in the IBNS. The other paratypes are deposited in the author’s collection in DBG. Now there are 142 paratypes (115 ♂♂ 27 ♀♀) in the DBG collection (collectors: POPOV, BULLI, ABALYOSHEVA). Part of these paratypes will be passed to SZMN and ZMHB. All specimens collected by G. V. POPOV except for those marked by asterix (*) have a supplementary ecological label (cited for the holotype only). The specimens from Mayaki are collected by A. F. BULLI (Kerch, Ukraine). The specimens marked by (**) are labelled erroneously as those belonging to Donetsk region (they originate from Lugansk region where SLR is situated). All the types have red type labels “Paratypus {♂ or ♀} Merodon alexandri sp. n. G. V. POPOV det. 2006 [or 2007]”. Holotype has square green label with letter «H.» as an addition. Part of the paratypes are marked by white square labels with the appropriate numbers. The figures exactly of these paratypes are presented in the article. The text of geographical labels of some collectors (LEZHENINA, BULLI, ABALYOSHEVA), anonymous labels, ecological labels of author and ABALYOSHEVA, contain Cyrillic Russian words (transliterated). Other labels contain the words with Latin symbols. Part of the author’s English language labels contains Cyrillic Russian insertions (transliterated). Distribution. The species occurs mainly in the Left-Bank (Trans-Dnieper) territory of Ukraine (Sumy, Kharkiv, Donetsk and Lugansk regions) and in the bordering part of Russia (Belgorod region and apparently Voronezh and Rostov regions). Only one location of the species is known from the Right-Bank Ukraine (Znamenka of Kirovograd region). The species is associated with the Wood-and-Steppe Zone, but is also present in the Steppe (here only in azonal natural forests growing under high moisture conditions and coinciding in its distribution with the Donetsk Kryazh Upland). The species under the name of Lampetia graeca was apparently recorded also from the Voronezh and Rostov regions of Russia (SKUF’IN & PEREYASLAVTSEVA 1959, SKUF’IN et al. 1962, LEVITIN 1963, SKUF’IN 1964). Its distribution is shown on the map (Fig. 43) where the locations of the actual findings are marked by black circles (Znamenka, Trostyanets, Gomol’shanskoye 145

POPOV: Merodon alexandri spec.nov. (Syrphidae) from the northern Black Sea Region

Fig. 43: Distribution of Merodon alexandri spec. nov.: black circles own actual data, white circles published data (additional explanations see text).

forest district, Kharkov, Gaidary, Kitsevka, Martovaya (specimens are not types), Mayaki, Brusovka (specimens are damaged and are not types), Shakhtyorsk District, Saur-Mogila (according to the personal communication of I. P. LEZHENINA), Yasinovataya, SLR, Valuiki, Les na Vorskle Natural Reserve [= Borisovka]), and locations of the supposed findings based on analysis of published data (SKUF’IN & PEREYASLAVTSEVA 1959, SKUF’IN et al. 1962, LEVITIN 1963, SKUF’IN 1964) are marked by white circles. The approximate range of the species based on the available data is also shown on the map. The northern and southern range boundaries have been fixed more exactly but the eastern boundary and especially the western one were not so clear. I consider the species to be the Eastern-European (Wood-and-Steppe). The range of the closely related M. loewi VAN DER GOOT has not yet been sufficiently established. One more representative of this species group namely M. ruficornis MEIGEN, 1822 [POPOV et al. (2005), as «M. recurvus STROBL, 1898»; see RADENKOVIĆ et al. (2004)] also occurs in Ukraine. The ranges of M. alexandri spec. nov. and M. ruficornis are non-overlapping in Ukraine except for a single area (Znamenka of Kirovograd region). There are the label data on one of the M. ruficornis specimens and on one of M. alexandri spec. nov. specimens for that location. M. alexandri spec. nov. is the third recently described endemic syrphid taxon from the Eastern European Wood-and-Steppe Zone after Cheilosia caerulescens calculosa SKUFJIN, 1977 and Cheilosia kuznetzovae SKUFJIN, 1977 (SKUF’IN 1977, SKUF’IN & KUZNETSOVA 1986). The two latter taxa are strictly endemic and were known until now only from Lipetsk region of Russia (CLAUSSEN 1998, BARKALOV 2002)1. This increase in endemism seems to be connected with the complex landscape history of the south of Srednerusskaya (Middle-Russian) Upland (PRISNYI 1

Currently, Cheilosia kuznetzovae SKUFJIN, 1977 is recorded from the Urals and western Siberia (BARKALOV 2007), but the species is remains a Wood-and-Steppe Nature Zone endemic anyway.

146

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2005). The possibilty cannot be excluded that in the future another phytophagous syrphid unknown to science will be found in the south of the Middle-Russian upland. Ecology. Merodon alexandri spec. nov. is the spring species, its adults fly almost without exception in May. M. alexandri spec. nov. is associated with the Wood-and-Steppe and Steppe oak forests with Quercus robur L. The biotopes where this species dwells are glades and borders (rarely under the crowns of trees in the thicket) of upland, ravine and flood-land oak forests, where M. alexandri spec. nov. is very common in certain places at the peak of its flying period. Here adults can be met flying in low grass; the flies actively visit flowers of Stellaria holostea L. (Gaidary, Yasinovataya), Ornithogalum fischeranum KRASCH. and Fragaria spec. (Yasinovataya), and Euphorbia spec. (SLR). This species was recorded (apparently under the name of Lampetia graeca LW) as a Crataegus spec. pollinator (LEVITIN 1963). Also it is believed to be recorded under the same name as a common species in Voronezh environs (SKUF’IN 1964), on the northern boundary of its range. Males have territorial behaviour that is well-known and characteristic for the genus Merodon (FITZPATRICK & WELLINGTON 1983; HURKMANS 1985, 1988; ZIMINA 1989; HURKMANS & HAYAT 1997; etc.). Larval trophic chains are unknown for sure. In 1999 the eggs and larvae of the species were obtained by the author under laboratory conditions in Gaidary (POPOV 2001, as Merodon loewi). Based on our data, M. alexandri spec. nov. larvae under laboratory conditions fed successfully in bulbs of Hyacinthaceae namely Scilla siberica HAW. and Leopoldia comosa (L.) PARL. at the beginning of larval development. S. siberica is widespread in the local oak woods, but Crimean L. comosa did not grow in the geographic area where the hover-flies were caught. I believe M. alexandri spec. nov. to be an oligophagous species. It is quite interesting that M. alexandri spec. nov. do not occur in oak forests where the ephemeroid bulb plants are absent or rare. Description of M. alexandri spec. nov. immature stages is in progress and will be published elsewhere. Key to species of the M. ruficornis group of the Nothern Black Sea region Modified from MILANKOV et al. (2002), with additional information compiled from STACKELBERG (1924); PARAMONOV (1926, 1935, 1937); SACK (1928–1932, 1934); NOSKIEWICZ (1948); RADENKOVIĆ et al. (2004) and own data. Diagnostic features of M. ruficornis group of species: «medium-sized species with mid coxa hairy posteriorly; anterior anepisternum with area bare of hairs below postpronotum; only tergite II with clear reddish lateral spots; male with projections or spikes on hind legs: on trochanter, tibia, and ventral margin of femur; posterior lobe of surstylus curved and dorsally aligned» (VUJIĆ et al. 2007). 1 – 2 – 3 – 4

Males. ............................................................................................................................. 2 Females. ......................................................................................................................... 8 Hind tibia with two apical spurs. ................................................................................... 3 Hind tibia with one apical spur. ..................................................................................... 5 Ventral side of hind femur with central protuberance. ................................................... 4 Ventral side of hind femur without central protuberance (Caucasus). .............................. ........................................................................... M. portschinskyi (STACKELBERG, 1924) Hind trochanter with long thorn-like spur, whereas hind femur with small protuberance on central part of ventral side (South-Western Ukraine, ? Crimea). ................................. .............................................................................................. M. armipes RONDANI, 1843 147

POPOV: Merodon alexandri spec.nov. (Syrphidae) from the northern Black Sea Region

–

5 –

6 –

7

–

8 – 9 – 10 – 11

– 12 – 13 –

148

Hind trochanter with small spur as long as protuberance on central part of ventral side of hind femur (from Carpathian region to Balkan Peninsula, Crimea). ................................ .................................... M. trebevicensis STROBL, 1900 [= crymensis PARAMONOV, 1925] Hind tibia with straight apical spur. ............................................................................... 6 Hind tibia with apical spur directed towards the base of tibia (from Balkan Peninsula through Carpathian region to Central Ukraine). ................ M. ruficornis MEIGEN, 1822 [= mucronatus RONDANI, 1857; = recurvus STROBL, 1898; = strobli BRĂDESCU, 1986] Ventral side of hind femur without central protuberance; ventral side of frontal tarsal segments dark or partly pale. ......................................................................................... 7 Ventral side of hind femur with central protuberance; ventral side of frontal tarsal segments 1–3 partly pale (Balkan Peninsula, ? Moldova, South-Western Ukraine). ....................... .................................. M. ruficornis MEIGEN, 1822 auct. [see RADENKOVIĆ et al. (2004)] Hind tibia with short apical spur; hind trochanter with small conical spur (Figs 5–7, 10–12) (from Central Ukraine to Russia within bounds of the Northern Black Sea region). ....... .................................................................................................... M. alexandri spec. nov. Hind tibia with long extended apical spur; hind trochanter with long (variable, but always longer than in M. alexandri spec. nov.) shovel-like oblate spur (Figs 8, 9, 13–20) (? Moldova, South-Western Ukraine, Crimea). ................................................................ .................................................. M. loewi VAN DER GOOT, 1964 [= graecus LOEW, 1862] Sternite 4 with hook-like bulge. ........................................... M. armipes RONDANI, 1843 Sternite 4 without hook-like bulge. ................................................................................ 9 Fore tarsi dorsally uniformly black or gradually darkening from base to apex (e. g., 1–3 light brown, 4–5 brown; 1–3 dark-brown, 4–5 black; 1–5 black). .............................. 10 Fore tarsi dorsally partly pale with contrasting coloration between basal and apical segments (e. g., 1–3 pale brown or dirty yellow, 4–5 black). ........................................... 13 Hind femur with wart-like bump on central part of ventral side. ..................................... ........................................................................................ M. trebevicensis STROBL, 1900 Hind femur without bump on ventral side. .................................................................. 11 White band on tergite 4 is either quite absent or insignificantly developed and widely separated, interrupted by dark area wider than maximum width of the band. .................. .................................................................................................... M. alexandri spec. nov. White band on tergite 4 is present and usually well developed, interrupted by dark area as wide as maximum width of the band. ..................................................................... 12 All tarsi black. ................................................... M. portschinskyi (STACKELBERG, 1924) Basal segments of all tarsi pale or at most brownish-black. ............................................. .......................................................................................... M. loewi VAN DER GOOT, 1964 Hind tibia with small apical spur. .............................. M. ruficornis MEIGEN, 1822 auct. Hind tibia without apical spur. ........................................... M. ruficornis MEIGEN, 1822

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Acknowledgements The author is cordially thankful to Dr V. A. KORNEYEV (SIZK) for his assistance and permanent support in my work, including the study of one of the type specimens of M. graecus LOEW, 1862 from the ZMHB collection, and also to Dr J. ZIEGLER, curator of Diptera and Siphonaptera (ZMHB), for loan of this specimen of M. graecus male from the type series. The author expresses deep gratitude to Dr I. P. LEZHENINA (KhES) for the study and kindly providing information on M. alexandri and M. loewi specimens deposited in the KhES collection, to Dr V. B. PYSHKIN (VTUS) for the material on M. loewi from the VTUS collection lent to me for the study, and also to the employees of Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy of the ZIN for the possibility to study Crimean specimens of M. loewi. I express my sincere thanks to Y. V. ABALYOSHEVA (Donetsk, Ukraine) and A. F. BULLI (Kerch, Ukraine), who kindly provided me with the specimens of M. alexandri spec. nov. collected by them. Also I am very grateful to Dr A. VUJIĆ (IBNS) for possibility to examine specimens of M. alexandri spec. nov. from Valouiki (deposited in NMW) and for the productive discussion of this manuscript, and to Dr A. V. BARKALOV (SZMN) who kindly supplied me with literature and gave his important comments. Also the author is very thankful to Dr S. Y. KUSTOV, Kuban State University (Krasnodar, Russia), for the help and support during the author’s Caucasian trip in 2005 and to V. M. KOVALENKO (DBG) and to N. V. BALABENKO (DBG) for the technical support in work.

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Pro Rhynchocephalus anthophorinus PORTSCH. (Nemestrinidae). XXXV. Pro typy dvokh vydiv rodu Gastrophilus. XXXVI. Pro deiaki typy rodu Lampetia Syrphidae) [Dipterologische Fragmente (XXXIII. Eine neue Polysarca-Art und eine dieser Gattung nahestehende Gattung-Polysarcodes gen. nov. XXXIV. Über den Rhynchocephalus anthophorinus PORTSCH. (Nemestrinidae). XXXV. Über einige Gastrophilus-Typen. XXXVI. Über einige Lampetia (Merodon-Typen).)]. – Zbirnyk prats’ Zoologichnogo muzeiu Instytutu zoologii ta biologii AN URSR [Travaux du Musée Zoologique du Institut de zoologie et biologie du Académie des Sciences de la RSS d’Ukraine] 20: 65–77 [= Trudy Instytutu zoologii ta biologii AN URSR (Travaux de l’Institut de zoologie et biologie du Académie des Sciences de lа SSR d’Ukraine) 18: 65–77] [in Ukrainian and shortly in German with summary in Russian]. POPOV, G. V. 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Author’s address Grigory V. POPOV Donetsk Botanical Gardens National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 110 Illich’s Avenue Donetsk, 83059 Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] The paper was accepted on 20 June 2010. Editum: 29 December 2010.

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