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EFFORTS TO IMPROVE TEACHER QUALITY Te a c h e r E d u c a t i o n a n d Q u a l i f i c a t i o n s - 3 5 % o f g r a d e
Overall grade for efforts to improve teacher quality
Louisiana
A
93
South Carolina
A-
92
Connecticut
A-
91
Arkansas
B+
89
Kentucky
B+
89
Indiana Oklahoma
major & minor
minor
major
minor
minor 1
B+
87
major
B
86
major
North Carolina
B
86
Ohio
B
85
Virginia
State requires participants State requires minimum Percent of State requires clinical in all alternative routes to degree/coursework in the secondary State has experiences during teacher established an demonstrate subject-matter subject area taught for teachers training expertise before teaching beginning-teacher license who majored alternative(2004-05) (2004-05) (2004-05) in the core route program academic to recruit subjects Minimum hours individuals with Minimum weeks Through they teach for other clinical at least a B.A. for student Through a subjectAll high school All middle (2000) experiences teaching coursework knowledge test (2004-05) teachers school teachers
B
85
major major
82
major
Wisconsin
B-
82
major1
81
West Virginia
B-
81
Missouri
B-
New Jersey New Mexico Maryland
180
✔
74
12
100
✔
✔
✔
64
10
✔
✔
✔
64
12
✔
60
12
✔
73
9
✔
53
12 10
minor
minor
10
66
9
79
15 4 4
✔
✔
✔
7
✔
✔7
✔
✔7
✔7
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔7
7
100
pilot
100
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
6
pilot
major
minor
61
B-
81
major
minor
74
15 4
✔
✔
✔
B-
81
minor
minor
48
14
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
C+
79
12
59
major
8 semester hours 2 semester hours
20
68
major
57
15
Nebraska
77
major
minor
71
14
Kansas
C+
77
major
major
64
12
C
76
major
72
12
C C
75 75
2005-06
2005-06
4
✔
✔6
✔
✔6
✔
✔
✔
150
✔
✔
✔
✔
100
4
65
15
69
12
50
1
13 5
400 5
major
Illinois
C
75
major
64
Colorado
C
75
major
62
✔
6
1
6
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔7
74
67
Massachusetts
C
74
70
Delaware
C
74
55
✔
Georgia
C
74
61
✔
major 1
Nevada
C
73
major
Vermont
C
73
major
Mississippi
C-
Texas
✔
✔
12
✔
72
58
C-
72
53
Hawaii
C-
72
62
Oregon
C-
70
58
Rhode Island
C-
70
Washington
C-
70
53
D+
69
86
✔6
15
77 ✔
major
72
Montana
D+
67
major & minor
62
Utah
D+
67
major & minor
minor
Michigan
D
66
major & minor
minor3
District of Columbia
D
66
81
Wyoming
D
66
64
8
Maine
D
65
major
58
15
Idaho
D
65
major & minor
56
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
6
6
54
✔
✔
✔
✔
6 semester hours
✔
✔
57
10
✔
65
10 8 semester hours
D
63
major
North Dakota
D
63
major1
Arizona
D-
62
52
Alaska
D-
61
53
U.S.
—
—
—
15
4
61
South Dakota
minor
✔
10
69
✔6 —
64
Note: A dash (—) indicates data were not available or, in U.S. row, that a total was not appropriate. States are ranked by number grade to the nearest decimal; ties are ranked alphabetically. 1State requires a major in the subject taught, but teachers can receive additional content-area endorsements by obtaining a minimum of a minor. 2California requires teacher-candidates to demonstrate subject-matter competency either by obtaining a major in the subject taught or by passing a content test. State does not receive credit for the coursework column, but does receive credit and count in ■
60
✔
D+
QUALITY COUNTS 2005
✔
12
12
—
✔
✔
65
1
✔
✔6
8 semester hours
major
7
✔
54
57 minor
✔ ✔
C
10
✔
✔
Florida
New Hampshire
92
✔
81
8
74
78
Minnesota
✔
minor
C+
Iowa
✔
major
C+
Alabama
4
59
Tennessee
Pennsylvania
45
61
2
B-
B-
94
76
California New York
minor
✔
48
—
45
✔ 24
25
the U.S. total for the subject-knowledge-test column. requires elementary and middle school teachers who are seeking the K-8 certificate to complete either a major or three minors. 4Education Week converted clock hour, day, or semester requirements into weeks. 5Colorado requires 800 hours of student teaching and other kinds of clinical experiences. Education Week converted 400 of those hours to estimate the minimum number of weeks required for student teaching. 3Michigan
N O S M A L L C H A N G E : Ta r g e t i n g M o n e y To w a r d S t u d e n t P e r f o r m a n c e
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Ungraded
Graded
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE TEACHER QUALITY
Teacher Education and Qualifications - 35% of grade State finances and/or regulates one or more alternative-route programs that include (2004-05):
Te a c h e r A s s e s s m e n t - 3 0 % o f g r a d e State requires written tests for beginning-teacher license (2004-05)
Preservice training Minimum duration of preservice8
Practice teaching/ fieldwork Mentoring
Louisiana
✔
9 credit hours
South Carolina
✔
2 weeks
Connecticut
✔
8 weeks
Arkansas
✔
2 weeks
Kentucky
✔
8 weeks
✔
✔
Indiana
✔
18 credit hours
✔
✔
✔
✔
Oklahoma
Basic skills
State requires evaluations State performance assessment to be tied Subject knowledge to student All high All middle Subjectachievement school specific Local team Classroom Videotaped school lesson teachers teachers pedagogy evaluation observation Portfolio (2004-05)
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔11
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔10
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
2 weeks
Ohio
✔
6 credit hours
✔
✔
Virginia
✔
180 hours
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
California
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
pilot
✔
✔
✔
Wisconsin
pilot
6 credit hours
2
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Missouri
✔
2 weeks
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
New Jersey
✔
4 weeks
✔
✔
New Mexico
✔
Maryland
✔
Tennessee
✔
Nebraska
✔
Kansas
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
2 credit hours
✔ ✔
Alabama
10
✔
pilot
pilot
pilot
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
Colorado
✔
✔
Florida
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔10
Massachusetts
✔
7 weeks
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Delaware
✔
120 hours
✔
✔
✔
Georgia
✔
4 weeks
✔
✔
✔
✔
Nevada
✔
3 weeks
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Vermont Mississippi
✔
Texas
✔
✔
Hawaii
✔
✔
✔
90 hours
Oregon
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
10
11
✔ ✔ ✔
11
under development
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
10
✔
✔ ✔
Rhode Island Washington
✔
Minnesota
✔
New Hampshire
✔
1 week
✔
Montana
✔
6 credit hours
✔
✔9
✔
Utah Michigan District of Columbia
✔
8 weeks
Wyoming
✔
9 credit hours
✔
✔
pilot
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
pilot
✔
✔
pilot ✔
Maine Idaho
✔
9 credits & 30 hours
✔
South Dakota
✔
9 credit hours
✔
✔ 2005-06
✔
North Dakota Arizona
✔
Alaska U.S.
✔
✔
Iowa
✔
✔ ✔ ✔
Illinois
12 credit hours
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
135 hours
✔ ✔
10
✔
✔
✔
✔ 2,10
4 weeks
✔
✔
✔
200 hours
✔
✔
11
✔
Pennsylvania
6At
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
New York
✔
✔
✔
West Virginia
✔
✔
11
North Carolina
120 hours
State requires performance assessment for second stage of certification (2004-05)
38
—
16
✔
✔
44
37
least one of the state's alternative routes requires participants to complete a traditional teacher-preparation program while teaching. 7State requires all alternative-route participants to either pass a subject-matter exam or complete coursework. 8Column reflects the minimum length of preservice that the state requires for one or more of its alternative routes. State may have other alternative routes that require a longer preservice component. 9Participants in Washington state's alternative route are required to teach with their mentor teachers for at least a semester.
37
24
24
5
2
9
13
7
10State
requires at least some of its middle school teachers to pass one test that covers all core academic-content areas, instead of tests specific to each subject area. 11State requires only teachers of certain subjects, such as reading or technology, to pass subject-specific-pedagogy tests.
E D U C AT I O N W E E K
■
JANUARY 6, 2005
93
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EFFORTS TO IMPROVE TEACHER QUALITY A c c o u n t a b i l i t y f o r Te a c h e r Quality - 15% of grade
P r o f e s s i o n a l S u p p o r t a n d Tr a i n i n g - 2 0 % o f g r a d e State encourages or supports ongoing State provides State professional development for all teachers incentives to earn requires (2004-05) National Board and State certification finances Minimum requires State (2004-05) mentoring years of districts/ finances State has schools to statefor all professional set aside State written financed novice finances development professional- time for teachers mentoring development professional professional for all (2004-05) (2004-05) standards development development districts Licensure Financial
Louisiana
✔
2
✔
✔
✔
South Carolina
✔
1
✔
✔
✔
✔
Connecticut
✔
1
✔
✔
✔
Arkansas
✔
1
✔
✔
✔
✔
Kentucky
✔
1
✔
✔
✔
✔
Indiana
✔
1
✔
✔
Oklahoma
✔
1
✔
✔
North Carolina
✔
2
✔
✔
Ohio
✔
1
Virginia
✔
1
✔
✔
California
✔
2
✔
✔
New York West Virginia
✔
✔
1
Missouri New Jersey
✔
30 weeks
New Mexico
✔
1
✔
✔
Tennessee Nebraska Kansas
✔
Pennsylvania
✔
Alabama
✔
Iowa
✔
2
✔
✔
✔
✔
3,866
✔
✔
✔
✔
107
2005-06
✔
✔
✔
239
✔
✔
✔
729
✔
✔
✔
121
✔
✔
✔
✔
1,084
✔
✔
✔
✔
8,280
✔
✔
✔
✔
2,376
✔
✔
✔
✔
723
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
3,083
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
267
✔
✔
✔
248
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
97
✔
✔
✔
145
✔
✔
498
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
127
✔
✔
✔
✔
41
✔
177
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
461
✔
✔
1,239
✔
✔
✔
780
✔
422
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
250
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
1,780
✔
✔
✔
✔
183
Vermont
✔
✔
✔
77
Mississippi
✔
✔
✔
2,113
✔
194
✔
✔
Rhode Island
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
164
Washington
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
577
Minnesota
✔
✔
New Hampshire
✔
✔
✔
12
Utah Michigan
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
40
✔
✔
✔
77
✔
✔
167
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
255
✔
✔ ✔
147
✔
✔
✔
79
✔
✔
✔
6,370
✔
✔
✔
203
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
180
✔
District of Columbia
✔
✔ ✔
✔
12
✔
Wyoming
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
53
✔
Maine
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
72
✔
✔
✔
317
✔
✔
31
✔
✔
✔
23
✔
Idaho ✔
South Dakota ✔
North Dakota Arizona Alaska U.S.
94
✔
✔
Massachusetts
Montana
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Oregon
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Florida
✔
✔
✔
203
✔
Hawaii
✔
477
✔
Texas
✔
✔
✔
Nevada
✔
✔
✔
Georgia
✔
✔
✔
3
✔
✔
Colorado
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Illinois
Delaware
✔ ✔
✔ draft
Maryland
578
✔
✔ ✔
By For By publishing By graduates’ pass publishing performance identifying lowrates/ report in rankings of cards for classroom performing programs institutions institutions setting
✔
✔
Wisconsin 2005-06
Number of National Boardcertified teachers (2004)
State holds teacher education programs accountable (2004-05)
16
QUALITY COUNTS 2005
—
■
35
13
✔
237 52
✔
✔
✔
37
27
49
39
40,033
N O S M A L L C H A N G E : Ta r g e t i n g M o n e y To w a r d S t u d e n t P e r f o r m a n c e
25
12
14
45
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Ungraded
Graded
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE TEACHER QUALITY
A c c o u n t a b i l i t y f o r Te a c h e r Q u a l i t y - 1 5 % o f g r a d e State discourages out-offield teaching (2004-05) Number of programs identified as at-risk or lowperforming (2003-04)
State requires State has parent a ban or State has cap on the notification a ban or of out-ofnumber of cap on the teachers Fully field or number of uncertified licensed/ with out-of-field emergency teachers in certified teachers all schools teachers licenses
1
✔
✔16
South Carolina
1
✔
✔
Connecticut
0
Louisiana
Arkansas
0
Kentucky
2
Indiana
1
School report cards include information on the number and/or percent of (2004-05): 15
New teachers
State has policies encouraging pay-forperformance programs Beginning (2004-05) teachers
✔
✔16
$29,288
$37,116
✔
$28,672
$40,362
$28,848
$53,962
$24,972
$37,536
$28,886
$38,486
$29,144
$44,966
$27,684
$33,277
✔16
✔
✔
20
✔
12
✔
Oklahoma
0
North Carolina
0
✔
Ohio
0
✔
Virginia
0
California
0
Wisconsin
0
✔
✔
✔
6 0
Missouri
0
✔
New Jersey
0
✔
New Mexico
0
✔
1 1
Nebraska
0
Kansas
4
Pennsylvania
0
Alabama
9
Iowa
0
12
Illinois
3
Colorado
—
Florida
1
Massachusetts
0
✔
✔
$27,572
$42,411
✔
✔
✔20
$28,866
$45,515
$31,414
$42,778
$34,805
$55,693
$27,277
$41,617
$35,259
$53,017
$26,692
$38,497
$28,075
$37,641
$35,673
$53,872
$28,120
$37,054
$32,939
$50,410
$29,045
$39,186
$27,127
$37,896
$26,855
$38,030
$32,897
$51,425
$31,000
$39,524
$26,967
$38,000
$34,522
$51,496
$32,063
$42,679
$30,491
$40,281
$33,168
$51,942
$33,811
$49,821
$33,919
$45,414
$32,169
$41,795
$25,240
$42,038
$26,120
$35,135
$31,874
$39,972
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔
New York
Maryland
✔
✔
West Virginia
Tennessee
✔
18
✔
✔ ✔
13
17
✔
✔
✔
17
17
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
13
13
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔14 ✔
2005-06
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔ ✔
✔
Delaware Georgia
1
Nevada
0
Vermont
0
Mississippi
—
Texas
0
Hawaii
0
13
2005-06
✔
2005-06
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
$34,000
$42,768
✔
$32,804
$47,463
$31,025
$52,879
$29,118
$44,961
$28,600
$44,745
$26,479
$41,909
$23,052
$35,754
$27,135
$38,268
$33,596
$54,020
$35,260
$53,194
$25,694
$37,789
$24,631
$38,518
$26,072
$39,784
$24,311
$32,414
$23,591
$33,869
$23,548
$39,955
$37,401
$49,694
$29,564
$45,771
Oregon
0
✔
0
✔
Washington
0
Minnesota
0
New Hampshire
0
Montana
0
✔
✔
Michigan
✔
Wyoming
0
Maine
1
✔
16
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Utah
0
✔
✔
Rhode Island
District of Columbia
✔
✔
13
✔
✔ ✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
Idaho South Dakota
0
North Dakota
0
✔
✔
✔
Arizona
✔
Alaska U.S. 12In
22
17
4
Indiana and Alabama, the numbers of programs identified are for 2002-03. The numbers do not count in the U.S. total. Alabama identifies at-risk or low-performing program areas by institution (such as science education) instead of at-risk or lowperforming institutions overall. 13State does not allow teachers with out-of-field permits or emergency licenses to be employed in failing schools or those that receive Title I aid. 14While Nebraska sets a limit on out-of-field teaching, that limit is high.
3 15Education Week
14
7
All teachers
✔20 20
✔
✔
Average teacher salaries (2003)
Classes taught by Teachers Highly highly with qualified qualified emergency Out-of-field 19 teachers19 licenses teachers teachers
✔ ✔
Additional Information
22
10
used the most recently available school report cards in each state as of Oct. 22, 2004. Please see the Sources and Notes on Page 105 for report card years by state. 16State has separate school report cards and No Child Left Behind Act report cards with teacher-qualification data. Data are on No Child Left Behind report cards only. 17Most school report cards in New York include this information. However, New York City schools have their own report cards with different teacher-qualification data.
8
14
11
18California
requires its School Accountability Report Cards to report on out-of-field teachers, but not all of the school report cards include the information. 19“Highly qualified teachers” refers to the No Child Left Behind law’s definition. However, not all of the states’ data for this indicator match the federal definition. 20State uses the Milken Family Foundation’s Teacher Advancement Program (TAP). Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota use TAP, but also have their own pay-for-performance programs.
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