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Engineering Empire Julius CaesarNero Complete the crossword below. Note the word bank. 1
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aquaducts Agrippina Nero bridge arch Julius Caesar sawhorse Etruscans buried Romulus Augustus concrete Empire vault sewer highway groma
Across 1. This emperor burned central Rome so that he could build a pleasure palace for himself. Then he blamed the fire on Christians, who he had martyred. 4. Julius Caesar’s consolidation of power marked the death of the Roman Republic, ruled by democratically elected senators and consuls, and the birth of a _____________ in which tyrannical emperors could rule with absolute authority. 5. Diagonal bridge supports have a lot more strength against the force of a river than vertical supports, but it's much more difficult to drive them into the riverbed than it is to drive a vertical pile. When they drove the pilings in at an angle and then connected them, in many ways the Romans were doing what carpenters do when they build a ___________ 6. This woman was married to Emperor Claudius, whom she poisoned; and was the mother of Emperor Nero, who after many attempts killed her. 8. This Roman ruler led 40,000 men, north through Gaul, and a Roman province encompassing modern France, Belgium and Switzerland. He wants to go to Germaniato Germany and cross the Rhine River because no Roman commander had yet done so. 11. Julius Caesar’s successor was his great nephew Octavian, who was renamed _______________ and crowned Rome’s first imperator, or emperor. Under him, the roman road network expanded to reach the farthest corners of the empire. 12. The Via Appia was Rome's first national _____________, stretched 132 miles from the capital to its southern province of Campania. 15. The Roman invention of this waterproof building material enabled the Romans to build stronger and larger buildings, aqueducts and bridges. 16. The city of Rome was named for which of two brothers who were raised by a wolf? 17. In order to get to Germania, the Romans built in 10 days a what?
Down 2. The Romans had an extraordinary ability to take from the technological past and adapt older technologies to their own purposes, to refine it and to improve upon it. The Roman technology of road building, of moving water systems through tunnels, and of building large, extraordinary walls built on the engineering knowledge of which neighboring people? 3. To build their roads, the Romans relied on a tool called a ____________, which was a vertical pole that stood in the ground with a cross on the top. With it you could sight along this cross to line up two points in a straight line. 7. This architectural invention revolutionized architecture in the ancient world by permitting far greater spans than had been allowable before. It was built around a temporary wooden framework that held each stone in place until the keystone was laid in the center. 9. Of all the achievements of Rome's engineers, none were as lifealtering as running water. They accomplished this by means of _________________. 10. What great engineering feat came out of the “Pleasure Palace,” also called the “Golden House” (Domus Aurea)? 13. Rome’s first major engineering achievement was the Cloaca Maxima, an extensive _____________ system which still functions today 2,500 years after it was constructed. 14. What happened to Nero’s Golden House after Nero died? It was __________.