f ¯]l Æý‡ ÌŒæ ¯é Ìñæ yŠæj çœ ÆŠæ {VýS* ‹³Þ

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¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ ÑÑ«§ýl A…Ô>ÌZÏ {ç³£ýlÐ]l¬Ë$ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

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Æ>fÅçÜ¿¶æ ¯]l$…_ {糫§é° AƇ¬¯]l ™öÍ Ð]lÅMìS¢ & C…¨Æ> V>…«© Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]l$íßæâê MóS…{§ýl Ð]l$…{† & Æ>fMýS$Ð]l*Ç AÐ]l$–™Œæ MúÆŠæ Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]l$íßæâê Ð]l¬QÅÐ]l$…{† & çÜ$^ól™é MýS–ç³Ìê° (ĶæÊï³) ¿êÆý‡™ŒæÌZ Æ>{çÙt Ô>çܯ]l çÜ¿¶æ ™öÍ Ð]l$íßæâê ïܵMýSÆŠ‡ & çÙ¯ø² §ólÑ (çßæÆ>ůé) Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]l$íßæâê VýSÐ]lÆý‡²ÆŠ‡ & çÜÆøh±¯éĶæ¬yýl$ (ĶæÊï³)

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gê¡Ä¶æ$ M>…{VðS‹Ü Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]l$íßæâê A«§ýlÅ„ýS$Æ>Ë$ & A°¼òÜ…sŒ gê¡Ä¶æ$ M>…{VðS‹Ü Ððl¬§ýlsìæ ¿êÆý‡™èl A«§ýlÅ„ýS$Æ>Ë$ & çÜÆøh±¯éĶæ¬yýl$ Aѱ† MóSçÜ$ÌZ OgñæË$MðSãϯ]l ™öÍ Ð]l¬QÅÐ]l$…{† & fĶæ$ËÍ™èl §ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ ™öÍ Ð]l$íßæâê Ð]l$…{† & ÑfĶæ$Ë„îSà 糅yìlsŒæ (ĶæÊï³) Ððl¬§ýlsìæ §ýlã™èl Ð]l$íßæâê Ð]l¬QÅÐ]l$…{† & Ð]l*Ķæ*Ð]l†

{Ô¶æ§é®Ð鯌æ Ë¿¶æ™ól gêq¯]l…

ѧýlÅ

sîæG‹Üï³GïÜÞ ³ç È„ýSË {ç³™ólÅMýS…

B¨Ìê»ê§Šæ l Ô¶æ${MýSÐéÆý‡… l yìlòÜ…ºÆŠæ l 4 l 2015

He has one wife and two children í³.Ñ.íÜ.òßæ^Œæ. Ô>{íÜ¢ çÜ»ñæjMýS$t °ç³#×æ$Ë$, Oòßæ§ýlÆ>»ê§Šæ. ARTICLE Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ…V> 'a or an' ¯]l$ HMýS Ð]l^èl¯]l ¯éÐ]l$Ðé^èlM>Ë Ð]l¬…§ýl$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ Ðéyýl™éÆý‡$. Òsìæ {ç³Äñæ*VýS… B noun Ððl¬§ýlsìæ A„ýSÆý‡ Զ溪… Ò$§ýl B«§éÆý‡ç³yìl E…r$…¨. M>ºsìæt Òsìæ {ç³Äñæ*V>°² çÜ*¦Ë…V> MìS…¨ Ñ«§ýl…V> ^ðl´÷µ^èl$a.

noun: Eg:He goes for a walk daily. She went for a ride. I had a talk with my friend. We want to have a rest / a drink / a bath etc. ❖

Æ>¯]l$ÝëÆý‡…V> {ç³Äñæ*W…^éÍ.

Nobody should possess a gun

(GÐ]lÆý‡* H Ñ«§ýlOÐðl$¯]l VýS¯Œæ MýSÍW E…yýlÆ>§ýl$) CMýSPyýl 'a' A…sôæ 'any' H Ñ«§ýlOÐðl$¯]l A° AÆý‡¦….

Consonant(çßæË$Ï) Զ溪…™ø {´ëÆý‡…¿¶æÐ]l$Äôæ$Å singular countable nouns Ð]l¬…§ýl$ 'a'¯]l$ ÐéyéÍ. A…sôæ consonants™ø Ððl¬§ýlOÌñæ, consonant Ô¶æ»êª°²^óla 糧éË Ð]l¬…§ýl$ 'a'¯]l$ ÐéyéÍ. Eg:A boy, a student, a hall, a mat.

Nobody should possess one gun

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Vowel™ø

{´ëÆý‡…¿¶æOÐðl$ vowel (A^èl$a) Ô¶æ»êª°²^óla 糧éË Ð]l¬…§ýl$ 'an' ÐéyéÍ.

Consonant™ø

{´ëÆý‡…¿¶æOÐðl$¯é vowel Ô¶æ»êª°²^óla 糧éË Ð]l¬…§ýl$ 'an' ÐéyéÍ. Ð]l$¯]l ¿êçÙÌZ CÑ ^éÌê Ð]l¬QÅOÐðl$¯]l {ç³Äñæ*V>Ë$.

Eg:An hour, an hourly meeting An hour day break, an honour An honorary post, an honorarium An heir (= ÐéÆý‡çÜ$yýl$) An M.P, an M.L.A., an M.L.C. An S.I. (But a Sub-Inspector) An IAS, an IPS, an ILO An FO (but a Forest Officer) An SP, an SDO An M.A./ M.Sc./ M.Com. An RTS/RTC/RO/RI (but - a Revenue Inspector) An RC (but a Registered Copy) The Indefinite article is used before a proper noun to make it a common noun. Eg:You are a Hitler. He is a Kalidas.

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He has one wife and two children. (A™èlyìlMìS JMýS ¿êÆý‡Å, C§ýlªÆý‡$ í³ËÏË$

Ððl¬§ýlÌO æñ , Consonants Ô¶æ»êª°²^óla ³ç §éË Ð]l¬…§ýl$ MýS*yé 'a' ÐéyéÍ.

Eg:An ant, an eel, an ink-pot, an inn, an ox, an umbrella, an urn, an udder (= „îSÆý‡§éË ´ëË ´÷§ýl$VýS$) ❖

(GÐ]lÆý‡* JMýS VýS¯Œæ MýSÍW E…yýlÆ>§ýl$) A…sôæ Æð‡…yýl$, Ð]lÊyýl$ VýS¯ŒæË$ MýSÍW E…yö^èl$a A° AÆý‡¦… Ð]l^óla AÐ]lM>Ô¶æ… E…¨. AÌêVóS He has a wife and two children. (A™èlyìlMìS ¿êÆý‡Å C§ýlªÆý‡$ í³ËÏË$ E¯é²Æý‡° AÆý‡¦…)

vowel™ø

Eg:A one rupee note A one eyed beggar, A uniform A union, a useful book, A unique change A united front, a university A USA ally, a eulogy A European, a UK ship

The IA(Indefinite Article) is used before a verb when it is used as a

IAMýS$ 'one' A¯ól AÆý‡… ¦ E¯é², ©°² Üç …§ýl

E¯é²Æý‡$ A° AÆý‡¦…) ❖

Ý뫧éÆý‡×æ…V> GÐ]lÇO¯ðl¯é Ìôæ§é, §ólO¯ðl²¯é E§ólªÕ…_ Ððl¬rtÐðl¬§ýlsìæÝëÇ ^ðlí³µ¯]lç³#µyýl$ Indefinite article¯]l$ Ðéyýl™é…. JMýSÝëÇ ^ðlí³µ, ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Ð]l$äÏ §é° VýS$Ç…^ól ^ðlº$™èl$¯]l²ç³#µyýl$ Definite Article (The)¯]l$ Ðéyýl™é…!

Eg:I bought a book and the book is very interesting (CMýSPyýl 'the book' A…sôæ A™èlyýl$ Mö¯]l² ç³#çÜ¢MýS…). Don't use 'a' or 'an' with uncountable nouns: Eg:Water is wet. Sugar is sweet We get wool from sheep. Milk is good for health Tea is made from the leaves of a plant. òO ³¯]l underline ^ólíܯ]lÐ]l±² uncountable nouns. A…sôæ ÌñæMìSP…^èlyé°MìS Ý뫧ýlųç yýl° nouns. Òsìæ Ð]l¬…§ýl$ GÌê…sìæ articles¯]l$ MýS*yé ÐéyýlMýS*yýl§ýl$. ❖

{ç³™ólÅMìS…_ ^ðlõ³¢ ™èlç³µ Plural Ð]l¬…§ýl$ article ÐéyýlMýS*yýl§ýl$.

™ðlÍõ³…§ýl$MýS$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ ÐéyéÍ.

{VýS*‹³ 1, 2

C™èlÆý‡ ´ùsîæ ç³È„ýSË f¯]lÆý‡ÌŒæ/ »ôæíÜMŠæ C…WÏ‹Ù

{ç³™ólÅMýS…

Eg:- I am a teacher (not 'I am teacher'). B g껌æ ^éÌê ò³§ýl§Oª lð E…yìl, unique V> ¿êÑõÜ¢ Indefinite Article(IA) AÐ]l-

çÜÆý‡… Ìôæ§ýl$.

Eg:- When did Modi become Prime Minister? (a prime minister ™èlç³#µ) ❖

HO§lð ¯é

ctive

fore countable nouns after a linking verb such as ‘be’(§é° Æý‡*´ëË$), become, seem and so on. Eg:Charan is a doctor Sai seems a nice enough guy. Sivani will make an excellent wife for him. I did feel a fool.

noun ¯]l$ quality

Ð]l¬…§ýl$ Eç³Äñæ*W…^èlÐ]l^èl$a.

^ólõÜ MýS*yé

adjeIA ¯]l$

Eg:Here is a sharp pencil for you. What an amazing show! It’s an interesting book. An enormous cat sat on the mat. ❖

Proper noun Ð]l¬…§ýl$ indefinite article ÐéyýlMýS*yýl§ýl$. M>± D MìS…¨

çÜ…§ýlÆ>ÂÌZÏ Eç³Äñæ*W…^èlÐ]l^èl$a. CMýSPyø ÑçÙĶæ$… ™èlç³µMýS$…yé VýS$Æý‡$¢…^èl$- 1. õ³Æý‡$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$ ™ðlÍíÜ, Ð]lÅMìS¢ VýS$Ç…_ ™ðlÍMøÐéÍ. Linking verb indefinite Ķæ$° çÜ…§ýlÆý‡Â…ÌZ indefinite article ¯]l$ ÐéyýlÐ]l^èl$a. A…sôæ ™ðlË$VýS$ÌZ GÐ]lÆø article Gç³#µyýl* Ð]lÅMìS¢ ^ólõÜ ç³°°

The Definite Article Definite article (the) is used before a noun your hearers know which thing or person you mean. Eg: May I turn on the TV? Please close the door Charan is in the living room. Dad is in the car. Who spilt coffee on the carpet? I have to go to the dentist today The market is very busy today How to Pronounce ‘the’? The ‘e’ in ‘the’ has a short sound before words beginning with a consonant, like the words below: Eg:The sitting room, the dentist, the road, the television, the nurse, the carpet, the show, the sofa.

nouns

Put the salt on the table. You haven’t finished the curry/ the cheese. I think the bread is stale. Has the mail arrived? ‘The’ is used with comparatives when comparing two people or things: Eg:The slightly taller twin is Jyoti. The smaller size fits her well. Which is the quicker route of the two? ‘The’ can be used before a noun to represent a whole class: Eg:The gun should be banished from our culture. The cow is a holy animal (cows are holy animals). The cat loves comfort (cats love comfort).

Eg:There is a bee. Bees are insects. There is a cow. Cows are useful animals. Look! A Shark. Sharks are fishes. Call that a poem? Poems are composed by poets.

But when you use ‘the’ before a word beginning with a vowel, the ‘e’ in ‘the’ has a long ‘e’ like the sound in me, bee or tea as in the words below: The exit, the umbrella, the apple, the abacus, the orange, the other hand the igloo.

You can use ‘the’ before the first noun in such expressions as the back of his head; the second noun can be preceded by a/an, the or another determiner, or no determiner at all: Eg:The corner of the table. The success of his life story. The bank of a river. The answer to my prayers.

Several expressions of quantity are expressed through the indefinite article: Eg:- I thought of a few good reasons. - You are wasting a lot of water. - There is a little rice left. ❖ The indefinite article is used be-

‘The’ is used with uncountable nouns when you are talking about a particular lot of something, and people know what you are referring to: Eg:Where is the sugar?

‘The’ with superlatives and other words that make something or someone unique: Eg:Which (not ‘who’) of you is the best runner?

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Ððl…MýSsŒæ V>Æý‡…r! GÐ]lÆø M>r¯Œæ V>Æý‡…r A¯ól AÆý‡¦…ÌZ Ðéyýl™é….

Eg: A Mr. Sastry phoned and left a message for you, Dad! A Mr. Venkat is online for you. She was receiving a lot of e-mails from a certain Jim Brown. 2. Before a 'make' of product, to mean one example of it: Eg: The car in front is an Ambassador A man on a Maruti Swift shot past. 3. To refer by name to a person whom you don’t expect your hearer to know (ѯól ÐéÇMìS ò³§ýlªV>

AÐ]lçÜÆý‡… Ìôæ§ýl° A¯]l$MýS$¯ól Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë VýS$Ç…_ Ð]l*sêÏyólrç³#µyýl$ Indefinite article ÐéyýlÐ]l^èl$a)

Eg:- He was taught mathematics by a Mrs. Bennet. The top floor/ flat is occupied by a Chowdary. The next lesson is verbs. Sunny was the only person who got the last question right. The Ganges is the holiest river. ‘The’ sometimes has the meaning ‘enough’ or ‘sufficient’. Eg:I thought I hadn’t got the brains for a maths degree. I give in (= surrendered or yielded) because I didn’t have the strength to argue with her. Does he have the talent to become an actor? I want to specialize in grammar. I know I have the skill. ‘The’ with musical instruments, rivers, oceans, names of directions, persons(family) in plural, things unique of their kind, adjectives representing a class of persons etc; Eg:Chitti babu plays the harp. He plays the oboe in the school orchestra. The Yellow Sea, the Dead Sea. The river Godavari, the Nile. The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. The Indian Ocean. The Himalayas, The Alps. The Ambanis, the Birlas. The Ramayana, the Bible. The poor and the blind must be helped. The rich can’t see the truth.