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www.bankfreepdfs.in ENGLISH CAPSULE-2 BASED ON NEW PATTERN Set-1 Directions (1-5): In each of the following questions, there are four sentences or parts of sentences that form a paragraph. Identify the sentence(s) or part(s) of sentence(s) that is/are correct in terms of grammar and usage (including spelling, punctuation and logical consistency). Then, choose the most appropriate option. Q1. A. Sometimes, we think we are only the people with problems. B. Our problems override other considerations; we can't think beyond our own vexations. C. When we see a small dampness on our wall we scurry to get them repaired and corrected, D. but we don't think of people whose homes have been washed away by the rage of the rain gods. (a) A and B (b) B and D (c) C only (d) C and D (e) None of the above Q2. A. Chen Jianping repeated again on twitter something her fiancé said B. about anti-Japan protests getting violent, and added, "Charge, angry youth!" C. For this she was sentenced one year in a labour camp. D. Twitter is banned in China, but its easy to use blocked sites with simple internet tricks. (a) A only (b) B only (c) C only (d) B and D (e) None of the above Q3. A. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, is gyre of marine litter in the central North Pacific Ocean. B. The patch extends over a very wide area, with estimates ranging from area C. the size of the state of Texas to one larger as the continental United States; D. however, the exact size is unknown. (a) A and D (b) B and C (c) C only (d) D only (e) None of the above Q4. A. At media agency Mindshare's Mumbai office 1 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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B. sit a team of ninety-three individuals C. who's only focus is the consumer giant Hindustan Unilever. D. In fact, this unit occupies an area the size of most mid-sized agency's in this country. (a) A only (b) A and C (c) A and D (d) B and C (e) None of the above Q5. A. One of the classroom exercise I conduct with my Persuasive Communication students B. at IIMA is taken from Kurukshestra war. C. I ask a student to be Kunti, other to be Karna. D. Kunti has to persuade Karna to leave Duryodhana and join the Pandavas. (a) A only (b) A and B (c) C and D (d) D only (e) None of the above Directions (6-10): In each of the following questions, a statement and five choices are given. Select from among the choices, the most logical complement and mark its number as your answer. Q6. Electricity is the backbone of industrial development (a) Many of our new electric projects are lying abandoned. (b) The authorities are exploring the possibility of starting non-conventional energy sources. (c) Reliable and uninterrupted power is a prerequisite for development. (d) People demand some urgent measures to improve the situation. (e) Hydroelectric projects are unable to meet the demand. Q7. Our country is rapidly becoming a consumer nation. (a) The nation must stand on its own legs. (b) For financial progress we must reduce import and increase export. (c) We want to become financially strong. (d) We are not yet Independent because we depend on other countries in certain fields. (e) India must become self – sufficient and reduce importing goods. Q8. Children find it difficult to get admission to primary schools as demand exceeds supply. (a) The government is against starting new schools. (b) Primary education has been declared compulsory. (c) The government schools offer better education than the private schools. (d) The private sector is exerting influence upon the ruling party to recommend the opening of new schools. (e) The private schools make the most of the situation and charge hefty fees. Q . The C.B.I. p ese ted a i i i ati g epo t a out the i iste s fo eig (a) The Newspapers published a lot of nonsense. (b) The court ordered a judicial enquiry into the whole affair.

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(c) People believe all sorts of hearsay without going into their merits. (d) The party-connection emboldens everybody to do whatever he likes. (e) The C. B. I need to look into all aspects before arresting a senior politician. Q . The autho s e ook as idel a epted the o o people ut it a ge ed those i po e . (a) The book was acclaimed for the political criticism it contained. (b) The author has employed all his power of observation to prepare the book. (c) People in the Gulf countries arranged a number of meetings to welcome him. (d) To secure a valid passport the author had to force a lot of political intervention. e The autho s e ook is ot available in any of the book shops. Solutions

S1. Ans.(b) Sol. Answer Option B. B and D. In A o l is ispla ed; e a e the o l people… I C, the p o ou i o siste t i u e ith its a te ede t a s all da p ess ; it is the o e t pronoun.

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S2. Ans.(b) Sol. A s e Optio B. B o l . I A epeated agai is edu da t. epeated is o e t. I C, se te ed o e ea … is i o e t; se te ed to o e ea … ill ake it o e t. I D, its is used i stead of it s. S3. Ans.(d) Sol. Answe Optio D. D o l . I A g e eeds a dete i e efo e that a g e ould e o e t. I B a gi g f o a a ea… ould e o e t. I as la ge as o la ge tha ould o e t the pa t. la ge as is incorrect. S4. Ans.(a) Sol. Answer Option A. A o l . I B, The e sit fo the su je t tea is i o e t. It should e sits . I C, ho s has to e epla ed ith hose . I D age s is i o e t, it should e age ies. S5. Ans.(d) Sol. A s e Optio D. D o l . A should e o e ted to o e of the …e e ises . B has to i lude the defi ite a ti le the Ku ukshet a a . C should e o e ted a othe to e… D has o e o . S6. Ans.(c) Sol. Reliable and uninterrupted power is a prerequisite for development. Other options do not follow the idea expressed in the question statement logically. Either they distort the message or introduce new idea. S7. Ans.(b) Sol. For financial progress we must reduce import and increase export. Other options do not follow the idea expressed in the question statement logically. Either they distort the message or introduce new idea. S8. Ans.(e) 3 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Sol. Since demand is higher than supply in schools for admission, the private schools make the most of the situation and charge hefty fees. S9. Ans.(b) Sol. The court ordered a judicial enquiry into the whole affair. Since report was submitted to the court hence judge ordered an enquiry into the case. Hence option C logically follow course of action. S10. Ans.(a) Sol. the book was acclaimed for the political criticism it contained.

Set-2

Directions (1-5): In each of the following questions, a capitalized pair of words is given followed by four numbered pairs of words. Select from choices the pair which exhibits the same relationship as the capitalized pair of words and mark its number as your answer. Q1. ARBORETUM : PLANTS (a) menagerie : animals (b) field : grass (c) botany : herbs (d) grotesque : jokes (e) None of these Q2. DIABETES : DISEASE (a) blood : heart (b) pen : tool (c) sorcery : spirits (d) novel : prose (e) None of these Q3. CHRONOMETER : ERGOMETER (a) sequence : energy (b) color : voltage (c) time : work (d) revolution : illumination (e) None of these Q4. BEER :BARLEY (a) whiskey : corn (b) bourbon : hops (c) bread : yeast (d) vodka : grapes (e) None of these 4 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q5. FUSTY : MUSTY (a) fetish : aversion (b) bias : disinterested (c) noisome : fetid (d) predisposition : fairness (e) None of these Directions (6-15): In each question, there are four sentences. Each sentence has pairs of words/phrases that are italicized and highlighted. From the italicized and highlighted word(s)/phrase(s), select the most appropriate word(s)/phrase(s) to form correct sentences. Then choose the best option. Q6. (i) I have kept the book besides [A]/beside [B] your bag on the table. (ii) You can attempt 10 questions from among [A]/between [B] 30 questions. (iii) It was so hot in the sun that they moved into the shadow [A]/shade [B]. (iv) Although [A]/Despite [B] his having known her for years, he behaved like a stranger. (a) ABAB (b) ABBA (c) BAAA (d) BABB (e) AAAA Q7. (i) The announcement said that the chief quest would be arriving presently [A]/currently [B]. (ii) After the recession employment rates are on the rise [A]/raise [B] again. (iii) The professor could not explain the topic fully because of the continuous [A]/continual [B] interruptions. (iv) I was not able to wear the trousers because they were creased [A]/crinkled. [B] (a) AABA (b) BBBA (c) AABB (d) BBAB (e) BBBB Q . i I as ot a le to a s e the i te ie e s uestion about who discovered [A]/invented [B] the computer. ii He got his a s eaks [A]/ akes [B] epai ed efo e the lo g d i e. (iii) As long as [A]/As far as [B] she is concerned, she will not say anything against you. (iv) Timely advice from his friend saved him as he was about to tangle [A]/dangle [B] himself up in legal problems. (a) ABAB (b) BBBA (c) BABB (d) BAAB (e) AAAA Q9. (i) We gathered in front of the school to welcome the new principle [A]/principal [B] (ii) New Delhi is the capitol [A]/capital [B] of India. (iii) The situation is currently [A]/presently [B] under control. 5 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(iv) On the way I have to stop for a while to telephone [A]/ for telephoning [B] my brother. (a) BBAA (b) BBBA (c) ABAB (d) BBAB (e) BBBB Q10. (i) He did not say [A]/tell [B] us anything about his affair. (ii) The project would not have been completed in time but for his timely and valueless [A]/invaluable [B] contribution. (iii) My friend is very sensible [A]/sensitive [B]; he listens to all my problems and tried to comfort me. (iv) My dad assured [A]/ensured [B] me that everything will turn out to be right in the end. (a) BAAA (b) BBBA (c) ABAB (d) AAAB (e) AAAA Q11. (i) In little over a month the campaign has more than acceded [A]/exceeded [B] expectations with 5000 tickets already sold for the show. (ii) The students have free excess [A]/access [B] to the entire material in the library. (iii) The elusion [A]/allusion [B] to corruption in the ministry landed the journalist in trouble with the officials. (iv) Are the children all ready [A]/already [B] to go to the park? (a) AAAA (b) ABAA (c) BBBA (d) BABA (e) BBBB Q12. (i) I find that there is all together [A]/altogether [B] too much violence in these films. (ii) Is there anyway [A]/any way [B] we can get a film star to preside over the function? (iii) The success of the event was entirely causal [A]/casual [B] as we had planned every minute details of it. (iv) The police have ceased [A]/seized [B] a large number of arms from the militants. (a) ABBA (b) BBBA (c) ABAB (d) ABBB (e) AAAA Q13. (i) In a few years, she became his trusted confident [A]/confidant [B] (ii) We were required to make a custom [A]/costume [B] design for the online shop. (iii) He was declared illegible [A]/eligible [B] for the post in spite of not having enough work experience. (iv) Several eminent [A]/imminent [B] scientists are expected to be present for the seminar. (a) ABAB (b) ABBA (c) BABA 6 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(d) BAAB (e) BBBB Q14. (i) For long he has been talking about his plans to emigrate [A]/immigrate [B] to Canada. (ii) The way he plays the guitar is an aural [A]/oral [B] treat. (iii) The advertisement mentioned several vacancies in the personnel [A]/personal [B] department. (iv) The police found it very difficult to control the restive [A]/restless [B] crowd. (a) ABAB (b) AAAA (c) BABB (d) BBBB (e) BAAA

Q15. (i) The student approached the teacher to seek council [A]/counsel [B] about her career plans. (ii) I had to change a few principal [A]/principle [B] parts of the engine to make it work again. (iii) She was jealous [A]/zealous [B] in her pursuit to get into one of the IIMs. (iv) His judicious [A]/judicial [B] decisions about his investments have made him wealthy. (a) AAAB (b) ABAB (c) BABA (d) BBAB (e) AAAA Solutions S1. Ans.(a) Sol. arboretum is botanical garden – plants (for study) or display – menagerie is a collection of animals (for display) S2. Ans.(b) Sol. Diabetes is a type of disease; pen is type of tool. S3. Ans.(c) Sol. chronometer (clock) measures time; ergo meter measures work done. S4. Ans.(a) Sol. Beer is made from barley; whisky is made from corn (corn, rye or barley). S5. Ans.(c) Sol. Fusty and musty are synonyms; noisome and fetid are synonyms. S6. Ans.(d) Sol. BABB. Beside means by the side of; besides means other than. More than two takes among. Shadow is a reflected image; shade is free from the heat and light. Despite means in spite of, or notwithstanding. 7 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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S7. Ans.(c) Sol. AABB. Currently means now; presently means soon after. Raise (verb) is to life up; rise means to increase. Continuous is without break; continual is happening again and again without breaks. Too many creases means crinkled; crease may even be proper. S8. Ans.(b) Sol. BBBA. Break (noun) is a recess. A car has brakes. As far as (she) is concerned is the correct idiom. Tangle means to become entangled; dangle is to be suspended in air. S9. Ans.(a) Sol. BBAA. Currently is now; presently is very soon. To telephone is the correct idiomatic use. S10. Ans.(b) Sol. BBBA. tell us is the o e t idio . Valueless means without value; invaluable means of great value. Sensible means intelligent; sensitive means considerate towards others feelings etc. Assure means to convince; ensure is to secure. S11. Ans.(c) Sol. Accede means to agree; exceed means to surpass. Excess is too much quantity; access is permission. Elude means to avoid; allude means to refer. All ready means prepared or completely ready. Already means previously. S12. Ans.(d) Sol. ABBB. All together means in a group; altogether means completely. Anyway means anyhow; any way means any method or means. Causal means due to a cause; casual means informal. Cease means to stop; seize means to take control of or confiscate. S13. Ans.(c) Sol. BABA. Confident is an adjective meaning having trust in; confidant is a noun referring to person in whom one confides. Custom means tailor made; costume refers to clothing. Illegible means not easily readable, not clear; eligible means entitled. Eminent means famous; imminent means ready to take place. S14. Ans.(b) Sol. AAAA emigrate means to leave one country for another immigrate is to opposite to come into another country. Aural is related to the ear and oral is related to the mouth. Personnel is related to manpower, staff; personal means related an individual. Restive means difficult to control, restless means impatient.

S15. Ans.(c) Sol. BABA. Counsel means advice; council is a group of officials. Principal means main/important; principle is a rule or doctrine. Jealousy is envy; zeal is enthusiasm. Judicious means wise; judicial means related to the judiciary or law.

Set-3 8 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Directions (1-15): Read the paragraphs given in each question and choose a suitable summary from the given options: Q1. It appears that there are basically two types of scientific innovators. The first ones are innovators in totality who conceive the idea that may have never existed before. They derive inspiration from events, incidents and traditions occurring in their surroundings or even from folk stories floating around. The other ones are the incremental innovators who work on existing objects and ideas to bring some newness therein. Development of several modern drugs from Ayurvedic texts and folklores fall in this category. (a) Innovators in totality conceive new ideas from events and traditions such as the tradition of Ayurvedic medicine in ancient India. Incremental innovators improve existing ideas. (b) Scientific innovation takes the form of inception and development of new ideas, and study for refining existing ideas. Application of Ayurveda in modern medicine is an example of the latter. (c) Innovators are either incremental or total innovators. Incremental innovators conceptualize new ideas while total innovators utilize events, incidents and traditions to conceive improvements. (d) Conception on new ideas and improvements of ideas are some of the several forms of scientific innovation. The former draws on events or incidents while the latter draws on existing objects. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q2. Obama initially promised to close Guantanamo Bay within a year of entering the White House in 2009. Opposition to its closure involves two central issues which Obama has been unable to resolve. One is finding host countries to take in all the detainees. The other issue concerns whether some of the detainees can be o ed to supe a fa ilities ithi the U ited States. Se e tee detai ees ho ha e e ei ed thei fi al transfer approval are scheduled for release in the coming weeks. As many as an additional 30 more could be eleased the su e . This ould edu e the p iso s populatio to , ut still the question remains: Would the remaining prisoners be moved to prisons in the U.S., and would their legal status finally be addressed? (a) The Obama administration has faced opposition to its decision to close the Guantanamo Bay facility as the legal status of the inmates has not been addressed. (b) The Obama administration has not delivered on its promise to close Guantanamo Bay. Reasons cited for the same, inter alia, are lack of citizenship details of the inmates and convincing host countries to take them. (c) President Obama has faced stiff criticism for closing down Guantanamo Bay as the question of legal status of the inmates has not been addressed. Further, the government cannot house the released inmates within the U.S. (d) Questions pertaining to housing the detainees of Guantanamo Bay have created roadblocks for the Obama administration. Whether the remaining prisoners will be moved to other facilities or to their host countries remains to be seen. (e) None of the above is correct summary

Q3. While it is essential to follow through on the opportunity the Paris agreement has created to prevent a cataclysmic planetary collapse over the decades ahead, building climate change resilience can start now, Importantly, the agreement paid relatively scant attention to the need for more investment in resilience building to help communities, cities and countries manage the consequences of climate change that is already underway. Our experience of working in a diverse range of cities across Asia through the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network and the 100 Resilience Cities initiative – both pioneered by The Rockefeller Foundation – demonstrates that cities can take innovative, integrated and practical solutions, without always 9 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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requiring a great deal of money. Indeed, the main investment has often been that of political will and active engagement by local citizens, business and experts. (a) Climate Change is one of the most important issues of our time and the experience of Foundations can be very useful in combating its immediate effects. (b) Climate Resilience refers to the ill effects of climate change that are already underway. Innovative and pragmatic solutions are imperative to tackle this problem of climate change. (c) The recent climate convention in Paris has not taken into consideration combating the negative into consideration combating the negative effects of climate change that have already started manifesting. Strategies to mitigate the same can be implemented through joint participation of various segments of society. (d) Lack of political will and public participation has resulted in poor implementation of various solutions to combat climate change and build resistance. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q4. Perrault was born in 1628, and worked as an adviser in the French court of Louis XIV. He only began to write his fairy stories, borrowing the plots and the well-k o ope i g, o e upo a ti e o il etait une fois, f o folk tales, late i life. Pe ault s sto ies set the sta da d fo the ode fai tale, said Google. The backbone of these fairytales persists within contemporary novels and movies, making our reading or cinemagoing a fundamentall opti isti e tu e: he e hea o e upo a ti e , e e o e to e pe t – and anxiously await – a happil e e afte . (a) Perrault was an eminent novelist who compiled fairy tales which created the basic framework for several contemporary novels and movies as we know them today. Pe ault s e sio of fai tales has had a fa g eate i flue e o the hu a ps he tha e ealize. We find them to be a recurring theme in all our contemporary stories which leads us to seek a happily even after ending in every book or movie we come across. The e fa t that he e hea o e upo a ti e e a e filled ith opti is fo a happ e di g sig ifies how much the stories of our childhood influence us. d Pe ault s olle tio of fai tales is la gely responsible for the optimism of the cinema going audience. This shows the significant impact of reading these stories at a young age. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q5. Since we first began to live in cities, we have yearned for the innocence of the country. The ancient Greeks used epic poetry to eulogise the lives of herdsmen and shepherdesses; in the Elizabethan theatre, dramatists often took their characters out of the court and into wilderness; the Victorians wrote novels that bestowed nature with tragic romance. We have video games. (a) The simplicity of pastoral life has for long been a much romanticized idea in all cultures. In each age we have dedicated the most popular medium of expression to this theme; and in this age we build video games on the same. (b) We humans have yearned for the peace and quiet of country life ever since the rise of urbanization. Now video games have cashed in on this sentiment and are minting money. (c) The widespread popularity of pastoral themes of poetry, plays and books signifies that since the first urban settlements, man has mourned the loss of the innocence of pastoral life. Now even our video games are p opagati g the idea that de elop e t is t e e thi g. (d) The tragic loss of country life has dominated literature in all cultures and eras. Video games carrying forward this sentiment are no different. (e) None of the above is correct summary 10 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q6. You doubtless know the story by now: how Britons followed Americans into borrowing money they could t affo d to u stuff the did t eed. Ho shoppe s e t az a d e ti e e o o ies got off-kilteruntil catastrophe hit. How the feckless Anglo-Americans now need to tighten their belts, stop maxing out their credit cards and start saving like Germans. This is that rare example of an account agreed by both the anticonsumerist left and the anti-welfarist right. And it is mostly tosh. It lacks history, and assumes that debt is a uniquely Anglo-American vice. It sits unnervingly close to hypocrisy: my necessary loan is your stupid debt. (a) The assumption that the British and Americans should stop living beyond their means and adopt austerity measures exposes the hypocrisy of the capitalist and socialist segments. (b) The assumption that the British followed the Americans into a debt crisis is unfair and rankles of hypocrisy. (c) Both the capitalist right and the socialist left seem to agree that austerity measures are the need to the hour for the Americans and British. This is however an unresearched opinion bordering on hypocrisy. (d) Living beyond their means is not a uniquely Anglo-American problem and attempts to cast it is such reveal a lack of understanding of the issue. An expenditure which is a necessity for one cannot be an extravagance of another. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q . Fo ea s, I a s ost fa ous ode o u e t, the Azadi F eedo To e i Teh a , has ee the backdrop to every major news story coming out of the country. A plaza for celebrations, anniversaries, military parades and a gathering point for mass demonstrations, the 50m (165 ft) tall tower has overlooked some of I a s ost i po ta t politi al e e ts. Most e e tl , the ass de o st atio s that follo ed the disputed presidential election of 2009 drew hundreds of thousands to Azadi Tower, where they demanded a recount of their votes. (a) When their basic rights are threatened, people often find a national symbol as the rallying point to raise their protests. (b) The Azadi Tower has become the symbol of the ode a s st uggle agai st the o se ati e institutions of power to reclaim his rights. The Azadi To e of I a has e o e s oli to the itize s t ials a d t i ulatio s as ell as thei triumphs over the years. (d) All news worthy incidents in Iran have taken place in the backdrop of the Azadi Tower. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q8. A project aiming to revolutionise medicine by unlocking the secrets of DNA is under way in centres across England. Prime Minister David Cameron has said it ill see the U.K. lead the o ld i ge eti esea h ithi ea s . The fi st ge eti odes of people ith a e o a e diseases, out of a ta get of , , ha e ee sequenced. Experts believe it will lead to targeted therapies and could make che othe ap a thi g of the past . Just o e hu a ge o e o tai s o e tha th ee illio ase pai s – the building blocks of DNA. (a) Prime Minister Cameron has unveiled an ambitious Genome Project which has the potential to cure cancer. (b) Sequencing genetic codes may hold the key to combating rare and fatal diseases. This idea is at the heart of a project launched in England, which experts feel, will revolutionise medicine. (c) Targeted therapy for rare diseases has been made possible by studying the genetic codes of people with cancer and rare diseases. A similar project is also underway in England. (d) The 100,000 Genome project could make chemotherapy a thing of the past as genetic code sequencing can provide targeted therapies for cancer and rare diseases. (e) None of the above is correct summary 11 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q . Lego s de isio to stop aski g ulk usto e s hat the a t to do ith the i ks is a i to fo f eedo of spee h , Chi ese a tist Ai Wei ei has told the BBC. Last O to e , Ai a used Lego of e so ship when it refused to sell its bricks directly to him. On Tuesday Lego said customers should instead make clear that the company does not endorse works shown in public. Ai, a leading artist, is also known for criticism of the Chinese government. He said Lego s U-turn would encourage people to use the product to express themselves. a We li e i t ul st a ge ti es he e e e a hild s pla thi g a tu i to a ediu of e p essio . The Chinese government discovered this when artist Ai Weiwei used it to criticize their policies. (b) Business firms seldom side against the government to protect the interests of the consumers whose satisfaction is their ultimate aim. Lego, however, begs to differ. (c) Lego bricks have recently been used by the Chinese to make political statements forcing Lego to impose restrictions on bulk buying. The toy major was forced to take this step. (d) Lego has rolled back the controversial decision to seek information from customers purchasing in bulk. This was seen as a move encouraging the use of the product as a medium of expression. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q . Kooks , f o the al u Hu k Do , looks ahead to pa e thood, alo gside his the ife A gie, with optimism. It offers advice to a child growing up i u o e tio al i u sta es. Kooks is t a o g o ie s ost fa ous so gs. The better known Cha ges , Life o Ma s a d Oh, You P ett Thi gs all appeared on the same album. But many of his fans have taken to Twitter to praise it in the wake of his death, noting its anthemic quality, its openness and acceptance of difference. a Bo ie s so g Kooks has al a s ee a favourite with his fans, who have now taken to twitter to praise the song in the wake of his death. Bo ie s Kooks has aptu ed imaginations as a piece of advice to a child and for its quality of innocence and acceptance. The so g, Kooks as itte Bo ie as a ele atio of pa e thood at the i th of his so . It offe s advice and guidance and has become very popular after his death. d Kooks a ot e Bo ie s ost fa ous so g ut its the e of opti is a d ope a epta e se e as a means of guidance to a growing child. This has made it one of his most memorable songs. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q . Je usale is the usi al setti g of Willia Blake s poe P elude to Milto . He as spe ifi all thi ki g about a legend that as a boy, Jesus of Nazareth visited England with his great uncle, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a sailor and trader. So why did Blake spin a poem about a medieval myth? Probably because England at the ti e as a pla e of ha ge a d he as t e ti el happ a out the di e tio it as taki g. It as the ti e of the Industrial Revolution, when factories – the dark Satanic Mills he wrote of – seemed to swallow people up and spit them out broken and mangled. As a nonconformist Christian, Blake looked back on a time when a eligious figu e ould alk i a efoot si pli it o E gla d s g ee a d pleasa t la d . (a) Usually in times of political turmoil, poets and artists attempt to construct an alternate history through their works. Je usale is a e p essio of Blake s dissatisfa tio ith the i dust ial e olutio taki g pla e i E gla d. Blake s Je usale e plo es a Ch istia th to express his dissatisfaction about the dreary industrial revolution in England. Blake looked back at a time when there was more simplicity. (d) Jerusalem was written to further popularize the legend of Jesus visiting England in a time when English society was suffering from the industrial revolution. (e) None of the above is correct summary 12 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q12. The Rainforest Alliance, an ethical certification organisation, has now stripped a group of Assam Co pa s pla tatio s of its g ee f og seal. The Assa Co pa y said the loss of its certification was because of a i o e o o o e estate Hajua hile sp a i g a pla t e t a t, hi h it u de stood did ot e ui e personal protective equipment. It said that because the Assam company estates ope ate i a si gle luste , the other estates were automatically decertified. (a) The green frog seal is imperative for tea plantations to ensure demand from companies as it testifies to their ethical conduct. (b) Minor errors may sometimes have far reaching consequences as the Assam Company has realised. Ethi al o du t of usi ess also i ludes thei t eat e t of thei staff. The Assa Co pa s g ee f og seal was revoked recently due to negligence in observing safety of employees. (d) A minor error in wearing protective gear has resulted in revocation of the Assa Co pa s g ee f og seal. An incident on one estate has resulted in decertification of all the other estates held by the company. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q13. We have songs for different moods and different times of day, and to achieve different objectives. I write of Bach, I run to Martin Solveig, maybe you sort the recycling to Senagalese pop music, or polish antique sil e a e to Ni k Mi aj s A a o da. The li itatio s of o e so g ould never define even a single life, so the idea of trying to define a country with reference to just one song is laughably simplistic. Those calling for an E glish atio al a the should gi e up o : it s a poi tless f uitless, u e essa task. (a) Different moods of a person can be defined by the promiscuous selection of songs they listen to. (b) Songs are used as National Anthems for their ability to reflect our moods and ideas. Yet it may not be possible to adopt a single song to reflect the patriotism of an entire nation. (c) No song can capture the entire range of emotions of an individual. How is it possible then for a song to represent the idea of their nation to the millions of individuals in England. (d) While songs usually reflect most emotions in an individual, they usually cannot give a true picture of the patriotic spirit of a nation. (e) None of the above is correct summary Q14. Stripping terrorists of their citizenship is tempting for governments and satisfying for voters. It allays concerns that jihadists may recruit and radicalize susceptible inmates while in prison, or that they might one day again roam France and wreak havoc. The symbolism – that a person waging war against France is no longer French – is politically popular: three-quarters of French people support Mr Holla de s p oposal, a o di g to a e e t poll. Yet a o F a e s left see it diffe e tl . The sa that the pla ed la ould foment radicalisation by sending the message to dual-citizen Muslims that they are less French that the rest of so iet a d, eati g u e ual atego ies of itize ship, et a the he ished egalite e sh i ed i F a e s constitution. (a) Revoking the citizenship of terrorists is a very popular idea in France. However this could also have repercussio s su h as alie ati g itize s ith dual itize ship a d a iolatio of the egalite p i iple. (b) French President Hollande has proposed stripping jihadists of citizenship as this may be used to radicalize prison inmates. However the decision could also create unequal categories of citizenship. (c) In a symbolic gesture the French are demanding revoking the citizenship of known terrorists. This will prevent the recruit of prison inmates for antinational agendas. (d) Francoise Hollande has proposed a new bill to strip terrorists of their citizenship. This is an intensely debated argument. (e) None of the above is correct summary 13 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q15. But there are solid reasons why the world has now convinced itself that oil is worth much less than before. On one side of the ledger there is supply, not only of oil itself, but also of the other fossil fuels which can often substitute for it, notably gas, which is more abundant than anyone would have imagined a few years ago, courtesy of the fracking boom. On the demand side, things have been developing even more rapidly, with a serious slowdown in the resource-intensive emerging economies, above all debt-laden China. The fracking revolution will not be reversed, and it increasingly looks like the Chinese flu will be hard to shake. All of which suggests that low oil prices could be here for a while. (a) Both demand and supply forces have resulted in the substantial reduction in global oil prices. (b) The demand for oil has been slowing due to slowdown of resource intensive economies and the supply has been hampered due to the availability of alternative resources, thus pushing prices down further. (c) The fracking boom has restricted the supply of oil to debt laden China resulting in lower oil prices. (d) The fracking boom on the demand side and the Chinese Flu on the supply side have caused sharp decline in global oil prices. (e) None of the above is correct summary Solutions

S1. Ans.(b) Sol. (a) is incorrect as application of Ayurveda to modern medicine is an example of incremental innovation. (c) is incorrect as the last sentence states that total innovators conceive improvements whereas they conceive ideas from scratch hence there is no scope for improvements in those ideas. According to (d) there are several forms of innovation whereas the passage states that there are basically two types. Hence this is a distortion of the facts presented in the passage. (b) provides the summary of the points correctly. S2. Ans.(d) Sol. (a) is incorrect because it does not mention the main idea of the passage, which is the decision to deal with the current inmates from the Guantanamo facility. There are two options to resolve the issue before the government – send the inmates to their host countries or shift them to other U.S. prisons. (b) does not take into account the option of moving detainees to supermax facilities. (c) is a distortion of the passage – President Obama has not closed down the facility yet. (d) captures the essence of the paragraph in the best manner. S3. Ans.(c) Sol. The main idea of the passage is that the prevention of climate change will involve solutions which will be implemented over the decades to come. It will be a long term exercise. However, climate change already has had negative consequences. Resilience measures are required to mitigate the impact of these consequences. Innovative and practical solutions are available that can be implemented through the participation of politicians, citizens, business firms and experts (various segments of society). These points are best summarized in (c). S4. Ans.(b) Sol. Main Idea: Perrault is the first known individual to have written some form of fairy stories which then evolved into the modern fairy tales that we read as children. These stories have lent a certain degree of 14 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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optimism to the human mind. We look for a happy ending in every contemporary novel or movie we see. Thus in a way these fairy tales provide the basic framework for all our contemporary stories. (b) best captures the essence of the passage. S5. Ans.(a) Sol. (a) is the central idea of the passage. (b) refers to video games minting money which is not mentioned. The passage says that video games are now using the theme of country life but does not indicate if such video games are successful. (c) mentions another idea: development is not everything – which is not mentioned in the passage. (d) says the tragic loss of country life. This is too extreme and the passage does not say that the shift to urban settlements was tragic. S6. Ans.(d) Sol. According to the passage a lot of people, including political factions, believe that Anglo-Americans living beyond their means through debt was the root cause that pushed the world economy into recession. Instead of spending on credit, these countries should focus on savings. However this opinion is flawed and reveals a lack of knowledge about the history of such a crisis. There is also an element of hypocrisy in judging these consumers – something which constitutes a necessary expenditures for some cannot become a wasteful expenditure for others, those who lack the means. Option (d) captures the theme correctly. S7. Ans.(c) Sol. The passage refers to the fact that the Azadi Tower is the rallying point for all major national celebrations and anniversaries as well as for staging mass demonstrations. Hence it symbolizes both the struggles and the victories of the Iranian people (a) is too broad in focus. The passage specifically mentions Iran. (d) and (b) do not capture the main idea. S8. Ans.(b) Sol. (a) does not cover the main idea. (c) is a distortion of the passage – the results it speaks of have not been achieved yet but are likely to be achieved in the future. (d) mentions the 100,000 genome project whereas the same has not been mentioned in the passage. S9. Ans.(d) Sol. The passage talks specifically of the Lego decision and its consequences. It does not explore the idea mentioned in A in detail. The idea in (b) is incomplete. (c) does not talk about the roll back and related consequences. S10. Ans.(d) Sol. (a) is i o e t e ause Kooks as ot o e of his ost popula so gs u til afte his death. e tio s the quality of innocence which has not been mentioned in the passage. (c) is an incomplete summary of the passage. The chief purpose of the song was not to celebrate parenthood, it was to offer advice. S11. Ans.(c) Sol. (a) is too general. (b) is incomplete as it does not mention the importance of the myth about Jesus. (d) is a distortion. Blake did not intend to popularize the myth, he merely returned to it because he longed for simpler times. S12. Ans.(c) 15 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Sol. (a) is not the main idea of the passage but an introduction. (b) is an incomplete summary. (d) does not touch upon the point of ethical conduct. S13. Ans.(c) Sol. (a) is too general. (b) also gives the reason of why songs are used as national anthems the world over which is unnecessary. (d) is too general and does not consider the ongoing debate over the English National Anthem. S14. Ans.(a) Sol. (a) best captures all the main points of the passage. The others are incomplete in some way or the other. S15. Ans.(b) Sol. (a) does not give enough information. (b) best captures the essence of the passage. (c) is a distortion – the fracking boom has not restricted supply. (d) is a distortion – the fracking boom was on the supply side and Chi a s edu tio i de a d o the de a d side.

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Set-4 Directions (1-15): Five alternative summaries are given below the text. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text. Q . Laljipada s eside ts a e la gel e t ep e eu s u i g ottage i dust ies f o thei ho es that a e as small as 100 square feet. Primarily migrants from North India, they contradict the popular perception that migrants take away jobs from the local population. The 20,000 families here are self-employed; they make products that feed into larger businesses such as imitation jewelry, recycled plastic and paper waste, or operate small tailoring or bakery units. With each family contributing in some way or the other to the final finished product, all the families here are dependent on each other for their livelihood. a Laljipada s eside ts u ottage i dust ies f o thei ho es o tributing to other finished products and are interdependent on each other for livelihood. (b) The 20,000 families of Laljipada depend on each other for their livelihood as each family runs some cottage industry producing parts for some other products. (c) Laljipada s , fa ilies ha e a ell-knit system of cottage industries each one dependent on the other for its livelihood. d Laljipada s , fa ilies a e a ell-knit system of north Indian entrepreneurs dependent on each other without taking away the jobs from the locals. e Laljipada s , fa ilies a e a ell-knit system of entrepreneurs making products that feed into larger businesses and each dependent on the other for its livelihood.

Q2. Russia and the United States have signed a new strategic nuclear-arms reduction treaty. Officially, the treaty cuts their weapons by one-third; in fact, each party, will decommission only several dozens. Nevertheless, the treaty is a considerable achievement. It normalizes political relations between the two countries, thereby facilitating their further cooperation and rapprochement. 16 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(a) The new strategic arms reduction treaty signed between Russia and the United States may facilitate further cooperation between them. (b) The new strategic arms reduction treaty signed between Russia and the United States may lead to cordial relations between them. (c) Russia and the United States have signed a strategic nuclear-arms reduction treaty to reduce weapons by one-third. (d) Russia and the United States have signed a new strategic nuclear-arms reduction treaty which normalizes political relations between the two countries. (e) Russia and the United States have signed a new strategic nuclear-arms reduction treaty is a considerable achievement. Q3. A severe food crisis currently threatens southern Sudan. In East Africa, where millions of people already are dependent on food aid, a sharp rise in the cost of staple crops looms. These are just the latest sources of concern in a turbulent period that began two years ago when food shortages hit many countries in Africa and Asia due to a worldwide spike in prices. Higher food prices meant that poor people, already struggling to meet basic human needs, were pushed deeper into poverty. (a) An impending food crisis looms over southern Sudan where higher food prices have pushed people deeper into poverty. (b) The food crisis in Africa and Asia, especially in southern Sudan already struggling under food shortages, higher prices, and poverty may worsen owing to further a rise in the cost of staple crops. (c) As many countries in Africa and Asia are experiencing prolonged food shortages, an impending food crisis threatens Sudan due to a rise in the cost of staple crops. (d) The food crisis in Africa and Asia already struggling under food shortages, higher prices, and poverty may worsen owing to further a rise in the cost of staple crops. (e) The food crisis in southern Sudan struggling under food shortages, higher prices, and poverty may worsen owing to further a rise in the cost of staple crops. Q4. For millennia, remembering information was costly and time-consuming, and to forget was a natural part of being human. In the digital age, the opposite is true: cheap computer storage, powerful processors, and ubiquitous Internet access have made remembering the norm. Consider this: we tend to retain our rough drafts, years of e-mail traffic, and thousands of ghastly digital snapshots on our hard drives, not because we have decided that they are worth remembering, but because keeping them is now the default way of doing things. By contrast, deciding what to delete is costly. It actually requires much more time and effort to shed data than to keep it. (a) Since the digital age has made retaining information cheap and effortless, we have left behind our natural habit of forgetting. (b) Since the digital age has made storage of data cheap and easy, we now store large amounts of information even it is worthless. (c) Remembering is no more costly and time consuming in the digital age; hence, we store large amounts of worthless information. (d) The digital age has made it possible to retain large amounts of data cheaply and easily; hence we remember more unlike in the past. (e) As deciding what to delete is costly and time consuming we now tend to store everything from rough drafts to ghastly images.

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Q5. In recent decades, economists have been struggling to make use of the concept of human capital, often defined as the abilities, skills, knowledge, and dispositions that make for economic success. Yet those who use the term often assume that to conceptualize a phenomenon is a first step to manipulating it. And, indeed, hu a - apital poli is o u h i fashio . But hat if a of the a ilities a d dispositio s i uestio are a product of history, capable of being understood and explained but not readily replicated? (a) Economists trying to conceptualize human capital must know that the abilities and dispositions are a product of history incapable of being replicated. (b) Economists trying to conceptualize human-capital policy for economic success must know history and that success cannot be replicated. (c) The abilities, skills, knowledge, and dispositions that make for economic success are a product of history and may not be replicable. (d) Economists attempting a policy based on human capital for economic success must know that the abilities referred to as human capital may not be readily replicable. (e) Economists struggling to replicate economic success through a human-capital policy must know that human capital is a product of history and may only be understood. Q6. An individual is free and autonomous only because of the collective decisions taken after democratic debate, notably those decisions that guarantee each person access to public goods such as education, health care, etc. Some sense of social solidarity may remain, but it is so abstract that those for whom the wheel of fortune has spun so favourably feel little debt. They believe that they owe their status purely to merit, not to the collective efforts-state-funded schools, universities, etc. – that enabled them to realize their potential. (a) Individual success and autonomy are a result of the ability to exploit the system put together through collective efforts with a sense of social solidarity. (b) The decisions that guarantee each person access to public goods are collective in nature, and individual merit is a myth. (c) Individuals owe their success and autonomy to collective decisions and efforts that guarantee access to public goods like schools and universities. (d) Individual success and autonomy are a result of the systems made through collective efforts that guarantee each person access to these systems. (e) Individuals are free and autonomous only as far as they realize that they owe their success to collective decisions made with a sense of social solidarity. Q7. Throughout history, political leaders have supported existing communication technologies in order to defend the system in which they rule. Today, too, governments may be tempted to protect newspapers and pu li TV o the p ete t of sa i g de o a as e k o it. But effo ts to lo k te h ologi al ha ge ha e been futile in the past, and they would be unwise today. Instead, the political system and the media must adapt to the new reality – the internet. (a) Instead of trying to protect newspapers and public TV by blocking the internet, political leaders, and governments must adapt to the new reality. (b) As they have failed in the past, political leaders and government would fail to block the internet by promoting the newspapers and public TV. (c) Political leaders and governments have consistently failed in their efforts to block new technologies by supporting the existing ones. (d) By supporting the newspapers and the public TV politicians and governments are trying to protect the existing media under the pretext of saving democracy. 18 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(e) The efforts by governments and politicians to save the existing communication technologies have always proved futile; instead they must adapt to the new reality, today, the internet. Q8. The financial and economic crisis that erupted in 2008 will, in retrospect, be regarded as a transformative moment, because it raised fundamental questions about the future shape of our economic systems. These questions are not so much about the end of capitalism-as some perceive or even desire-but rather about the different ways in which capitalism is understood in different countries. (a) In retrospect, the economic crisis of 2008 raised fundamental questions about the future of capitalism working in different countries. (b) In retrospect, the crisis that erupted in 2008 was not about the failure of capitalism as some see it, but about the differences between countries. (c) In retrospect, the economic crisis of 2008 was not about the end of capitalism, but about how capitalism is understood in different countries. (d) In retrospect, the crisis that erupted in 2008 was not fundamentally about the end of capitalism but about the future of capitalism in different countries. (e) The economic crisis of 2008 did not signal the end of capitalism of its future but how it is understood in different countries. Q9. Newspapers are dying; the music industry is still yelping about iTunes; book publishers think they are next. Yet one bit of old media seems to be doing rather well. In the final quarter of 2009 the average American spent almost 37 hours a week watching television. Earlier this year 116 m of them saw the Super Bowla record for a single programme. Far from being cowed by new media, TV is colonising it. Shows like A e i a Idol a d B itai 's Got Tale t d a huge audie es pa tl e ause people a e o sta tl messaging and tweeting about them, and discussing them on Facebook. (a) Though newspapers, the music, and publishing industries are dying, American TV has been able to draw large audiences and being discussed on the internet. (b) Though newspapers, the music and publishing industries are dying, American TV is colonizing the media with the average American spending 37 hours per week watching television. (c) Though newspapers, the music, and publishing industries are dying, TV is colonizing the media and has huge audiences. (d) Newspapers, music industry, and book publishers have been cowed by the new media whereas TV has coped well and still draws large audiences, as American TV proves. (e) Newspapers, music, and book publishers have not been able to cope with the emergence of new media but American TV has coped well and still draws large audiences. Q10. The tragedy about data collection in India is that by the time primary data is converted into useable information, it may be too late to aid policy intervention. This is true of data collected by not just government agencies such as the National Sample Survey Organization but also think-tanks such as National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER). One of the criticisms of Human Development in India: Challenges for a Society in Transition-a report put together by NCAER and Institute of Maryland, US-is that it is based on data collected in 2004-05, and it does not capture the impact of the changes of the past four years when the economy grew at more than 8% on an average every year. (a) Data collected by government agencies and other research organizations in India is generally useless as no reports based on the primary data is available for years-NCAER report on human development report is an example. 19 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(b) The problem with data collection in India is that reports based on the data are not available in time for usean NCAER report based on 2004-05 data was released four years later. (c) The data collection in India is generally useless because reports to guide policy decisions are not made in time-an NCAER report based on 2004-05 data was released four years later. (d) Data collected by government agencies and other research organizations in India is generally useless; an NCAER report on human development report was released four years after the data was gathered. (e) Data collected by government agencies and other research organizations in India is generally delayed and do not guide policy decisions-NCAER is an example. Q11. Equating war with individual evil has become ubiquitous-if not universal-in contemporary to international politics. Wars are fights against evil tyrants and the illegitimate governments they control. Such rhetoric makes wars easier to justify, easier to wage, and easier to support, especially for elected leaders who must respond directly to swings in public opinion. Such language works equally well for any society in today's media-obsessed age. (a) In international politics wars are equated with individuals and not governments because it is easier for elected governments to justify war and publicize it. (b) In international politics, wars are now directed at a personification of evil rather than against tyrants or regimes and are justified by governments in response to public opinion. (c) In international politics, wars are equated with individual evil and not illegitimate governments because it is easier for elected governments to justify war and propagate it. (d) In international politics, wars are now justified, waged and supported by elected governments to swing public opinion in a media-obsessed world. (e) In the media obsessed current age wars are fought in order swing public opinion rather than against evil tyrants or illegitimate governments. Q12. The CEOs owe at least some of their success to others, given that the society provides public goods like universities and health care. This calls for more modesty and restraint in determining the highest salaries, not for moral reasons but for the sustainability of the system. Also, the most privileged classes which have benefited the most from the solidarity of others, notably the poor, can no longer deny the latter's contributions. (a) As both the CEOs and the poor are products of the same system, these two classes need to acknowledge the system for its sustainability. (b) The CEOs have a moral responsibly to exercise restraint in their highest salaries and the poor must acknowledge the contribution of the CEOs. (c) For the sustainability of the system the CEOs need to be modest in their highest salaries, and the poor need to acknowledge the contribution of the CEOs towards their welfare. (d) The CEOs must reduce their highest salaries and the poor must acknowledge the contribution of the CEOs for the sustainability of the system. (e) The CEOs must acknowledge the role of public goods in their success and the poor must recognize the contribution of the CEOs for their welfare. Q . Afte eadi g lite atu e so e of the o ld s leadi g e pe ts o i o atio -Clayton Christensen, Henry Chesbrough, John Kao, James Andrew, and Harold Sirkin-I was fascinated, but, alas, also frustrated. Innovation is the production of new knowledge that generates value. It is about fresh ideas that give rise to novel products, services, and processes, new management methods, and original designs and inventions that generate greater profits for firms, regions and countries. These are great ideas, but as I went through these 20 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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texts I found them to be rather familiar sounding-I had the feeling that somehow and somewhere I had already studied them. (a) The writer after reading several experts on innovation felt disappointed as the experts themselves were merely repeating what the writer already knew. (b) Though the writer was fascinated by what several experts in the field had to say on innovation, he felt disappointed that the experts had nothing new to say. (c) Reading the experts on innovation, the writer was fascinated by their great ideas but felt discouraged that those experts were repeating what he already knew. (d) After reading the world's best writers on innovation, though I felt fascinated by their great ideas but found nothing new in them. (e) Innovation is about fresh ideas. I found the world's leading experts on innovation lacking in innovation in their works. Q14. Once a plausible hypothesis is formulated, it must be tested against all existing theories and against all available experience and information. It has to be subject to open criticism from all directions, and only if it survives these tests and criticisms may it be adopted as tentative and conjectural new knowledge. Science and knowledge are made up not of winners, but of survivors of continuous and systematic efforts to refute. Theories are never certain and must always be prepared for an uncertain future. (a) Science and knowledge have an uncertain future as these are hypotheses that have survived the systematic efforts to refute them. (b) Science and knowledge are made up not of winners, but of survivors that must be prepared for an uncertain future. (c) Conjectural new knowledge is that which is subject to criticism from all directions, but have survived the efforts to refute. (d) Science and knowledge are not made up of definitive truths but of hypotheses that have survived the systematic efforts to disprove them. (e) Science formulates plausible hypotheses, tests them against existing theories and they are adopted as conjectural new knowledge later.

Q15. When the next full-scale global financial crisis hits, let it not be said that the International Monetary Fund never took a stab at forestalling it. Recently, the IMF proposed a new global tax on financial institutions loosel i p opo tio to thei size, as ell as a ta o a ks p ofits a d o uses. (a) The IMF has proposed a new global tax on financial institutions and banks in an attempt to forestall future financial crises. The IMF s e glo al ta o fi a ial i stitutio s a d a ks ill p e e t futu e fi a ial ises. (c) The IMF has proposed a new global tax on financial institutions and banks which will forestall financial crises. (d) The IMF has proposed a tax o fi a ial i stitutio s a d a ks p ofits' a d o uses that ill p e e t financial crises. (e) The proposed tax on profits and bonuses of financial institutions and banks is an attempt to forestall future financial crises. Solutions S1. Ans.(e) 21 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Sol. The paragraph is very easy to understand. You need to choose the option that best communicates in fewer words the intended communication of the paragraph without any distortion or incorrect emphasis. Option (E) expresses the gist in the best way. The other options have something or the other which either not necessary or is emphasized unnecessarily. S2. Ans.(d) Sol. Optio s A a d B e tio a s t eat i stead of u lea a s t eat . Optio C isses out o the normalizing of relationship and rappro he e t. Optio E isses out o the sig ifi a t o alizi g of elatio s. Optio D is the est o ise des iptio . S3. Ans.(c) Sol. The gist of the passage is: Asia and Africa are already experiencing food shortages for two years. The cost of crops is expected to rise in Sudan – this may trigger a severe food crisis in Sudan. In option (A), Asia and Africa are left out. Options (B) and (D) extend the crisis to Asia and Africa, especially the rise in the cost of crops. Option (E) leaves out Asia and Africa. Option (C) gives the gist without distortion of idea. S4. Ans.(b) Sol. The highlight of the paragraph is that the facilities available in the digital age have facilitated storage of data on a large scale. Earlier retaining information was difficult; now deleting is more time-consuming and costly; hence we save almost everything. Option (B), among the options, captures this best. Option (B) is eli i ated e ause it states atu al ha it of fo getti g – remembering and forgetting are used more figu ati el tha lite all . Optio C states o thless i fo atio . Optio D is si ila to optio B . Optio (E) misses the digital age. S5. Ans.(d) Sol. Gist of the paragraph: Human capital is the abilities, skills, knowledge, and dispositions that make for economic success – economists are trying to conceptualize and formulate a human – capital policy for success. Human capital is a product of history and may not be readily replicable. Option (A) talks only about conceptualizing and not about usi g it fo su ess. Optio B disto ts the idea i ust k o histo . Optio (C) does not use the terms economists or human capital or policy. Option (E) is almost correct but is a disto tio i st uggli g to epli ate e o o i su ess a d isses the most important point about replication. Option (D), though not the ideal precis, is the best. S6. Ans.(c) Sol. The gist of the paragraph is: The principle social solidarity through democratic debates establishes education, healthcare etc. accessible to individuals. Individuals exploit this system (schools, universities) and become successful. But they feel that their success is due to individual merit. Option (D) summarizes this best ithi the o st ai ts of a p é is. Optio A is a disto tio i e ploit. Optio B is a disto tio i th. Optio D is o e t ut optio C is ette as it spe ifies o e thei su ess athe tha a esult of. Optio (E) is not structured well and is vague. S7. Ans.(e) Sol. Option (A) and (D) do not mention the failu e i the past. Optio s B a d D lea e out the adapt idea. Option (E), on the other hand leave out the specifics, and captures the essential attitude of politicians and go e e ts to a ds e te h ologies a d e tio s the adapt fa to too. Option (E), hence, is the best available précis. 22 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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S8. Ans.(c) Sol. Optio A is o t a to the passage. Optio s B a d D fail to e tio e o o i isis. Optio E disto ts the idea i did ot sig al the e d of apitalis o its futu e. Optio C – though it does not include the perception or desire of some people to see the crisis as the end of capitalism, captures the essence without distortion. S9. Ans.(d) Sol. The paragraph is not about American TV in particular – American TV is cited as example of what TV has achieved. The gist of the paragraph is: newspapers etc., are dying but far from being cowed by new media, TV is colonising it; American TV is an example. Options (A), (B), and (E) stress the American TV which is not the essence of the paragraph. Between (C) and (D), option (D) more accommodative and precise. S10. Ans.(c) Sol. I additio to the othe details i the passage optio C also e tio s guide poli de isio s hi h makes it the preferred option. Option (E) is erroneous because it states data collection is delayed. The other options are not incorrect; they are similar but highlight different aspects of the paragraph but leaves out why reports become useless. Hence option (C) scores above them. S11. Ans.(b) Sol. Option (A) is largely correct but the paragraph states individual evil – option makes it individuals – which is a distortion. All options miss the media part – hence it is of no consequence in the comparison of options. Option (C) is correct but misses the public opinion part. Option (D) misses the individual evil part. Option (E) is a total distortion of the ideas. S12. Ans.(c) Sol. The gist of the pa ag aph is: The CEOs o e… thei su ess to …pu li goods … this alls fo o e odest i … highest sala ies, …fo the sustai a ilit of the s ste . Also, the …the poor, a o lo ge de the latte s contributions. This gist is best captured in the option (C). Option (A) – product of the system; option (B) – moral responsibility; option (D) – must reduce; option (E) – emphasis on public goods (no mention of salaries); all these make option (C) the best choice. S13. Ans.(c) Sol. The first person is not repeated in a précis. Hence options (D) and (E) are eliminated, however good they may appear. Among options (A), (B) and (C), - option (C) captures the essence of the paragraph the best. Optio A isses the g eat ideas pa t. Optio B is lea l u lea e ause the o t ast is ot lea . S14. Ans.(d) Sol. The gist of the paragraph is available in the paragraph itself: Science and knowledge are made up not of winners, but of survivors of continuous and systematic efforts to refute. In fact, all the options also in one way or the other say the same thing, but the phrasing and the emphasis changes. Option (D) phrases it the best, hence the answer. S15. Ans.(a) Sol. The key elements are: IMF s p oposal of new global tax on the profits and bonuses of financial institutions and banks-intend to p e e t futu e glo al fi a ial ises. Optio s B , C a d D sa ill p e e t ; Option 23 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(E) leaves out IMF. Hence option (A) is the best without distortion though some elements are left out; there is no distortion.

Set-5 Directions (1-15): A number of sentences are given below which, when properly sequenced, form a COHERENT PARAGRAPH. Four sentences are LOGICAL connected, one sentence is out of the context. Find the ODD SENTENCE.

Q1. A. Economists love incentives. B. They love to dream them up and enact them, study them and tinker with them. C. The typical economist believes the world has not yet invented a problem that he cannot fix if given a free hand to design the proper incentive scheme. D. His solution may not always be pretty – it may involve coercion or exorbitant penalties or the violation of civil liberties – but the original problem, rest assured, will be fixed. E. An incentive is given to all the employees who perform exceptionally well. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q2. A. Like the proverbial butterfly that flaps its wings on one continent and eventually causes a hurricane on another, Norma McCorvey dramatically altered the course of events without intending to. B. She was a lady who possessed exceptional skills and she was a wine connoisseur, travelled the world and lived her life luxuriously. C. It had taken shape more than twenty years earlier and concerned a young woman in Dallas named Norma McCorvey. D. All she had wanted was an abortion. E. There was another factor, meanwhile which had greatly contributed to the massive crime drop of the 1990s. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q3. A. Fear is a dreadful thing. B. It darkens our lives, from fear we act neurotically. C. We are asking whether man can ever be free of this terrible burden. D. Courageous people are very contented with their lives. E. fear may be lurking in the deep u o s ious ess, i the deep e esses of o e s o (a) A (b) B (c) C

ai .

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(d) D (e) E Q4. A. Kohal says she has always had best travel experience in all the leading airlines. B. And there are stories in the media and social media of notes being left on flights, or complaints being made, passe ge s upset that the e flo ith a fe ale pilot. C. Kohal s do to othe a d e gi ee fathe taught he a d he siste that the e e t a diffe e t f o men and could do anything they wanted as long as they had fun doing it. D. GoAir, a budget airline in India, said in 2013 that it only wanted to hire small, young females to be flight attendants in order to save money on fuel by keeping the weight of the plane down. E. This family support has helped her excel, but many women entering traditionally male-dominated professions in India encounter more obstacles. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q5. A. But anyone who has worked as a professional in the country knows otherwise. B. So what about the infamous terror attacks in Asian countries which is the cause of fear in much of the rest of the world? C. In the collective imagination, there are two Europes: the industrious north, with relatively low unemployment and dynamic economies, and the sluggish south, where people would just as soon kick back, sip an espresso and watch the world go by. D. Olivier, a senior counsel in a large French multinational in the construction industry in Paris works about 45 to 50 hours a week, from roughly 09:00 till 19:30. E. Many people would lump France, the land of the 35-hour workweek, long lunches and even longer vacations, with the south. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q6. A. Everyone knows the story of the traveler who has never been on a foreign trip before and the unfortunate events drove him crazy. B. I think that there is far too much work done in the world, and that immense harm is caused by the belief that work is virtuous, and that what needs to be preached in modern industrial countries is quite different from what always has been preached. C. But although my conscience has controlled my actions, my opinions have undergone a revolution. D. Being a highly virtuous child, I believed all that I was told and acquired a conscience which has kept me working hard down to the present moment. E. Like ost of ge e atio , I as ought up o the sa i g, Sata fi ds so e is hief still fo idle ha ds to do. (a) A (b) B 25 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(c) C (d) D (e) E Q7. A. A system of coercion is best suitable in a democracy and can be solution to all the world problems. B. I am quite aware that it is necessary for the success of any complex undertaking that one man should do the thinking and directing and in general bear the responsibility. C. For force always attract men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by scoundrels. D. For this reason I have always been passionately opposed to systems such as we see in Italy and Russia today. E. But the led must not be compelled; they must be able to choose their leader. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q8. A. They have a responsible president who is elected for a sufficiently long period and has sufficient powers to be really responsible. B. I believe that in this respect the United States of America have found the right way. C. The really valuable thing in the pageant of human life seems to me to live a luxurious life, be ruthless and insensitive toward other fellow citizens. D. The thing that has brought discredit upon the prevailing form of democracy in Europe today is not to be laid to the door of the democratic idea as such, but to lack of stability on the part of the heads of governments and to the impersonal character of the electoral system. E. On the other hand, what I value in our political system is the more extensive provision that it makes for the individual in case of illness or need. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q9. A. He has only been given his big brain by mistake. B. A backbone was all he needed. C. This topic brings me to that worst outcrop of the herd nature, the military system, which I abhor. D. This system of military is bringing the humankind to the danger of extinct. E. That a man can take pleasure in marching in formation to the strains of a band is enough to make me despise him. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E 26 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q10. A. I must launch out my boat. B. The languid hours pass by on the shore – Alas for me! C. The spring has done its flowering and taken leave. D. And now with the burden of faded futile flowers I wait and linger. E. The waves have become clamorous, and upon the bank in the shady lane the yellow leaves flutter and fall. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q11. A. Only now and again sadness fell upon me, and I started up from my dream and felt a sweet trace of a strange fragrance in the south wind. B. My basket was empty and the flower remained unheeded. C. On the day when the lotus bloomed, Alas, my mind was straying, and I knew it not! D. That vague sweetness made my heart ache with longing and it seemed to me that is was the eager breath of the summer seeking for its completion. E. The 21st century children are immune to such virus. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q12. A. The people of India are giving in nature , sometime they steal because of poverty. B. Take the fresco at Mahabalipu a alled A ju a s Pe a e . C. The magnificent figures in the main frieze and narrative, carved out of the rock, are themselves a mix of the divine and the humorous. D. But, most tellingly, not far from the main frieze, are the figures of two monkeys, one picking lice from the othe s hai . E. It s a asto ishi g e a ple of ho this ou t s t aditio s of i iatu ist o e ge ith its epi sto ies. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Q13. A. Gandhi was jailed many times for his protest again the British. B. This is precisely the greatness of any classical work; that is can lend itself for any interpretation at any given era, far removed from its own time, because of its eternal appeal. C. This total assimilation is reflected in his translation. D. Although Gandhi was commissioned to do the translation, the Tirukkural was in his genes, inherited from his maternal grandfather who had translated it 1930. E. He as so s itte this ele ated o k, ha i g ead a d e-read it several times over, that it became a part of his intrinsic cultural psyche. (a) A 27 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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(b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

Q . A. M Co e s ase a e to e adopted people fa o e po e ful tha she. B. They made her the lead plaintiff in a class-action lawsuit seeking to legalize abortion. C. The case ultimately made it to the U.S. Supreme Court, by which time Mc Co e s name had been disguised as Jane Roe. D. The defendant was Henry Wade, the Dallas County district attorney. E. On January 22, 1973, the court advised in the favor of The UNICEF, allowing legalized education for children throughout the country. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

Q15. A. Forgetfulness means that you are a genius according some famous people in the field of psychology. B. You then forget the essential fact that, underneath the level of physical appearances and separate forms, you are one with all that is. C. It is this screen of thought that creates the illusion of separateness, the illusion that there is you and a totall sepa ate othe . D. It comes between you and yourself, between you and your fellow man and woman, between you and nature, between you and God. E. Identification with your mind creates an opaque screen of concepts, labels, images, words, judgments, and definitions that blocks all true relationship. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E Solutions S1. Ans.(e) Sol. The 1st sentence sets the tone for discussion on the importance of incentives for the economists. The 2nd is the e te sio of the e a k a d the d se te e takes it fo a d ith the t pi al e o o ist and their fixation with problem solving. 4th takes the idea further and points out its limitations, and 5th is irrelevant sentence according to the passage. So, ABCD are in logical order. Option E is odd sentence. S2. Ans.(b) Sol. The 5th sentence introduces the topic of discussion-crime d op i the s, he e the ope e ; The d sentence provides historical backdrop of the trend; The 1st statement talks about the impact of Norma 28 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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McCorvey, The fifth sentence justifies he comparison with the proverbial butte fl , as she just a ted a a o tio . The d se te e gi es i ele a t i fo atio a out the lad . So, ECAD are in logical order. Option B is odd sentence. S3. Ans.(d) Sol. The paragraph opens with a general statement about fear (1st sentence). The 2nd sentence talk about ho it s a d eadful thi g ; a d d alls it a te i le u de . The th se te e e plai s ho o e a ot e o s ious of fea . ABCE -all these fou se te es talk a out fea a d a e logi al o e ted ut Optio D talks about courage which is totally different from what the passage is all about. Hence D is out of the context sentence. D is the odd sentence. S4. Ans.(a) Sol. The d is a ope e , as it la s the a kg ou d fo dis ussio o se is i the airlines industry. The 5th sentence (this family support) refers to the gender neutral values enjoyed by Kohal. the 4th and 2nd sentences indicate the instances of sexism prevalent in the airline industry. Hence CEDB are in logical order. The 1st sentence mentions about the luxurious travel experience of customers, which is out of the context. This paragraph talks about the sexism and option A is ODD SENTENCE. S5. Ans.(b) Sol. The d se te e is a ge e al o se atio a out the t o Eu opes , The th se te e puts F a e ith the southern part of Europe and talks about a common myth regarding the workload in the region. The 1st and 4th sentences illustrate that it is far from true. The 2nd sentence raises a question which is out of the question about terrorism in Asia. CEAD are in logical order and option B is ODD sentence. S6. Ans.(a) Sol. The th se te e e tio s a sa i g that di tated the autho s up i gi g; as the pa ag aph is a out ha d o k a d lazi ess, it s a good ope e . The th o pletes the des iptio . The d and 2nd sentences talk a out the adi al ha ge i the autho s poi t of ie . The st se te e e alls a sto hi h is to d i e az any person who has never been to abroad. So, EDCB are in logical order. Option A is out of the context. S7. Ans.(a) Sol. The 2nd is a general statement talks about the necessity of a leader and the 5th sentence mentions a ese atio e p essed the autho ; the st is ep ese t the idea of oe io o gl efe s to o pelled in the 5th sentence). The 3rd sentence explains the drawbacks of using force; D is the concluding statement hi h o elates ith the st o g o d s ou d el e tio ed i the p e ious se te e. So, BECD are in logical order. Option A is irrelevant according to the given passage. S8. Ans.(c) Sol. The d se te e a t e the ope e , as it has to gel ith the th se te e hi h a o l o e efo e it. The 4th sentence tries to justify an apparent failure of the democratic ideal and gives reasons behind it; In the d se te e i this espe t efers to the stability of government mentioned in the 4th sentence; and the 1st sentence completes the information. The 5th sentence lists another factor behind it appeal, and the 3rd sentence introduces absolutely different and new idea in the paragraph which is irrelevant. So, DBAE are in logical order. Option C states new idea which is absurd. Hence C is ODD sentence. S9. Ans.(d) 29 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Sol. The th se te e a t e a ope e as it a t e follo ed the d se te e. The d se te e la s do the autho s abhorrence for the military system, the topic of discussion; the 5th sentence continues the strong views of the author (despise ea s st o g hat ed ; He i the st se te e efe s to a a i the th sentence. 2nd sentence completes the opinion given in the 1st sentence; and 4th is the inappropriate sentence because it suggests a different idea. So, CEAB are in logical order. D is odd sentence in the given paragraph. S10. Ans.(e) Sol. The 1st is the opener, a declarative statement followed by the 2nd sentence – la guid hou s…o the sho e a d the to e a ke alas elate to ust lau h oat i the st se te e. The d a d th talk about the waning of the spring; the 5th sentence is irrelevant because of absurd idea. So, ABCD are in logical order. E is odd sentence. S11. Ans.(e) Sol. The 3rd is the opening element as it introduces the topic of reflection, which relates to the blooming of lotus. The d a d d se te e a e se ue tial as the i d as st a i g leads to the flo e as u heeded . As the asket e ai s e pt d se te e , the autho feels sad a d d ea st se te e ; that ague s eet ess i the th efe s to feeli g a s eet f ag a e i the st se te e; the th se te e introduces the irrelevant idea about 21st century school children which is bogus. So, CBAD are in logical order. Option E is odd sentence. S12. Ans.(a) Sol. The th is the ope i g ge e al state e t that oots the dis ussio o the ui k … i the idst of a epic. The 4th and 3rd illustrate the point with a frieze from a monument; The 2nd sentence gives additional information (most tellingly), 1st is irrelevant sentence according to the passage. Hence, EDCB are in logical order. Option A is odd sentence. S13. Ans.(a) Sol. The 2nd sentence serves as the opener as it is a general statement about the timelessness of the interpretation of literary works. The 4th sentence supports the assertion made in the 2nd sentence. The 5th se te e talks a out Ga dhi usi g p o ou He follo ed d hi h uses the o d assi ilatio that efe s to ead a d e- ead i the p e ious se te e. The st is i ele a t se te e a o di g to the passage. So, BDEC are in logical order. Option A is odd sentence. S14. Ans.(e) Sol. The 1st sentence opens the discussion on M Co e s ase. The d the efe s to people i the st sentence) and 4th sentences talk about the plaintiff and the defendant of the case. The 3rd sentences talk about the progression and culmination of the case. Hence ABDC are in logical order but Option E is clearly out of the context sentence. In Option E, UNICEF is mentioned which is irrelevant according to the context of the passage. S15. Ans.(a) Sol. The 5th sentence moots the problem of identification with the mind; the 4th gives examples of ho it lo ks the diffe e t elatio ships . The d e te ds the idea fu the ; the d se te e talk about the result of identification with the mind and thoughts. EDCB are in logical order but Option A is clearly out of the context 30 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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sentence. In option A, the idea about forgetfulness is absurd according to the context. Hence Sentence A is ODD sentence.

Set-6 Directions (1-15): In each question, the word at the top is used in four different ways, numbered a-d. Choose the option in which the usage of the word is INCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.

Q1. Follow (a) He followed up the meeting with a report. (b) The project went wrong when the staff failed to follow through. (c) The film follows down the original. d He left a hou ago a d I ll e follo i g o soon. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q2. Scout a We d ette s out up a epla e e t fo he . (b) I scouted round for a bargain. (c) The researcher spent months scouting for the answer. (d) We scouted around to find the best price. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q3. Send (a) I sent my food back because it was overcooked. (b) The police were sent in to quell the riot as the protesters had started burning cars and wrecking shops. (c) The football striker was sent off for arguing with the efe ee s de isio . (d) They sent for a fact list to all their existing customers. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q4. Hang (a) You can hang out your jacket in the front closet. (b) What are you doing? - - I just ha gi g out. Do t ha g up. I goi g to ha ge pho es. (d) Maria and Freya usually hang around the beach after school. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q5. Hold (a) The police held the demonstrators back while the politicians entered the building. (b) We should hold back on making dinner until your parents arrive. (c) The teacher held Frank back a year, so he ould t e te fifth g ade. (d) Mr. Johnson held the dog off while we crossed the yard. (e) All of the above are correct usage 31 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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Q6. Pass (a) Jennifer passed on the work to someone else. (b) After battling cancer for several years, he finally passed out at the age of 87. (c) He tried to pass the fake watch off as a real Rolex. (d) We need to pass our exams. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q7. Pick (a) Diane picked out a lovely dress for the dance. (b) What time are you going to pick me up? (c) Business is really picking out this quarter. d It s possi le to pi k up e ough E glish i t o eeks to get (e) All of the above are correct usage

o

ou t ip to Los A geles.

Q8. Eat (a) The heavy rains ate away at the sandstone cliffs. (b) Ken ate on the cookies. (c) We usually eat in instead of going out for dinner. (d) They eat out once a week. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q9. ZIP (a) He was being stupid in the meeting, so we told him to zip around. (b) We zipped around the supermarket to get the shopping done. (c) The motorbike zipped by the cars stuck in the traffic jam. (d) He told me to zip it, so I said nothing. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q10. Come (a) I just knew the manager would come and solve the problem. (b) They come up as very rude. (c) No one can come up with a good advertisement for the toothpaste. (d) Bob has come up with a welding torch and some scrap iron. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q11. Stop (a) After the terrorist attacks on London, tourists stopped coming for a while. I did t ha e ti e to talk so I told hi to stop a k late he I had so e f ee ti e. (c) I stopped behind after the meeting to talk to Bill. (d) I goi g to stop i Ji s house o the a ho e. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q12. Bang (a) He banged the door while going out. He s al a s a gi g o the ou te . 32 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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He s a gi g o i the kit he . (d) She banged the car again. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q13. Kick (a) The budget cuts are starting to kick about and people are struggling. I ll ki k the dog if it o es to ite e. (c) The police kicked the door down. (d) Children love to kick the ball. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q14. Tag (a) He tagged the clothes will the correct price tags. You e off to the i e a; a e tag o ? (c) He tagged me in a few comments on facebook. (d) The post was tagged with keywords. (e) All of the above are correct usage Q15. Jump a I d ju p at the ha e to go a d li e i Japa . (b) He jumped over the hurdle in the race. (c) The cat jumped off the sofa to catch the mouse. (d) Everyone jumped at me and tried to kill me when I raised the issue. (e) All of the above are correct usage

Solutions S1. Ans.(c) Sol. Optio is the a s e as the se te e is g a ati all i o e t; the o e t se te e is The fil follo s o f o the o igi al. The i te ded ea i g of hi h is to e a pa t of so ethi g i.e. the fil is a part of the original version. S2. Ans.(c) Sol. Option (c) is the answer as it intends to state that the researcher spent too many months searching for the a s e , so the o e t ph ase applied he e should e The esea he spe t o ths s outi g out the a s e . S3. Ans.(d) Sol. Optio d is the a s e e ause Se t fo ea s to all so eo e a d it does t fit he e as the i te ded meaning of the sentence is that the company has sent a fact list to all of its existing customers, so the correct to be used is se t out a d ot se t fo . S4. Ans.(a) Sol. Option (a) is the answer as to hang out means to stay in a place for fun whereas the intended meaning of the sentence is to hang the jacket in front of the closet so the correct phrase to be used here is hang up which means to suspend something somewhere. 33 www.bankfreepdfs.in

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S5. Ans.(b) Sol. Option (b) is the answer as the intended meaning of the sentence here is to delay the preparation of the dinner till parents arrive and hold back means to restrain or not allow, which doesn t fit i . S6. Ans.(b) Sol. Option (b) is the answer. It is incorrect because the intended meaning of the sentence is that fighting with cancer the person died at age of 87, and for this we use the phrase passed away. S7. Ans.(c) Sol. Option (c) is the a s e ; the o e t ph ase to e used he e is pi ki g up

hi h

ea s to i

ease .

S8. Ans.(b) Sol. Optio is the a s e e ause the se te e is g a ati all i o e t. The o e t se te e is Ke ate the ookies up hi h ea s that Ke g eedil ate all the cookies. S9. Ans.(a) Sol. Optio a is the a s e . The ph ase used is i o e t as zip a ou d o e t ph ase to e used he e is zip up .

ea s to

o e a out ui kl , so the

S10. Ans.(b) Sol. Optio is the a s e , as to o e up ea s to p o u e o o ei e a d the i te ded ea i g of the se te e is that the see to e e ude fo hi h the ph ase o e a oss hi h ea s appea should be used. S11. Ans.(d) Sol. Option (d) is the answer; the correct phrase to be used here is stop S12. Ans.(c) Sol. Optio kit he .

is the a s e . The o e t ph ase

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hi h should e used he e is he s a gi g a out i the

S13. Ans.(a) Sol. Option (a) is the answer. Kick about means to discuss which does not fits in here. The correct phrase to be used here is Kick in. S14. Ans.(b) Sol. Option (b) is the answer, the correct phrase is tag along; it means to Accompany someone, especially if the ha e t spe ifi all i ited ou. S15. Ans.(d) Sol. Option (d) is the answer; the phrase should be jump on, which if written here will mean to attack or to criticize.

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