ESW Renewable Energy Study Workshop Introduction Session
by Dr. Priyank Saxena April 11th, 2012 EBU II 584
Introduction Session
Outline • Purpose and expectations What’s in it for me? - Learn about various renewable energy sources - Research & team work - Presentation skills • Form teams and choose an energy source • Research study material • Project
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Need for renewable energy feasibility study • World population and lifestyle demands • Energy • Environment – resources, pollution
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Trend of world’s energy consumption (Data from US Department of Energy)
Quadrillion Btu
2050: ~ 2100: ~
950 QBtu 1450 QBtu
ENERGY GAP: ~ 400 Qbtu or 13 TW by 2050 ~ 900 QBtu or 30 TW by 2100
1 Quadrillion = 1015, 1 BTU = 1.055x103 J
1 Quadrillion BTU = 45M Tons Coal or 1T ft3 Natural Gas or 170M Barrels of crude oil 1 Barrel crude oil = 42 gallon = 6.1 GJ of energy or 6 MBtu World’s energy consumption: Electric power, industrial, residential, transportation
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World energy consumption by fuel
Quadrillion Btu
Liquid fuel consumption 2050: ~ 250 QBtu 2100: ~ 400 QBtu
Energy content of Crude oil ~ 6MBtu/Barrel
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Fossil Fuels When Will Production Peak?
http://www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandf uels/facts/2004/fcvt_fotw336.shtml EIA: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/ presentations/long_term_supply/index.htm R. Kerr, Science 310, 1106 (2005)
production peak demand exceeds supply price increases geo-political restrictions
Introduction Session
Trend of world’s electricity consumption (Data from US Department of Energy)
*Organization of economic cooperation and development
Major sources of electricity production Fossil fuels: Coal, gasoline, diesel, natural gas and other petroleum products Alternative sources of energy: Wind turbines, solar panels, hydroelectric, nuclear, geothermal, tidal, and list goes on… Alternative fuels: Ethanol, bio-diesel, biomass, coke oven gas, syngas, municipal waste, landfill gases, anything rotting… Introduction Session
Billion Metric Tons
World energy related carbon dioxide emissions by fuel type
Other emissions: NOx, CO, UHC, SOx Introduction Session
Fossil Fuels and Climate Change
J. R. Petit et al, Nature 399, 429, 1999 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 http://www.ipcc.ch N. Oreskes, Science 306, 1686, 2004; D. A. Stainforth et al, Nature 433, 403, 2005
Introduction Session
Renewable Energy
Wind 2-4 TW extractable
Solar 1.2 x 105 TW on Earth’s surface 36,000 TW on land (world) 2,200 TW on land (US)
energy gap ~ 13 TW by 2050 ~ 30 TW by 2100
Biomass Tide/Ocean Currents
5-7 TW gross (world) 0.29% efficiency for all cultivatable land not used for food
2 TW gross
Hydroelectric 4.6 TW gross (world)
Geothermal
1.6 TW technically feasible 0.6 TW installed capacity
9.7 TW gross (world) 0.6 TW gross (US)
0.33 gross (US)
(small fraction technically feasible) Wasielewski et al., 2009 Introduction Session
Role of engineers? System level Input energy x 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Y = F(x)
Chemical energy Wind energy Solar energy Tidal energy Nuclear energy More… Introduction Session
Useful work Y
Evaluation of each energy source • Science & Technology behind the energy sources • Environmental impacts • Facts and myths
Project • Form teams • Two weeks of group study and preparation for a presentation
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Practical questions 1. Economy of scale? - for example power per unit area 2. Energy balance? - for example ethanol negative energy balance 3. Competing resources? - for example food versus feed 4. Market, government subsidies, regulations? 5. Technological limitations?
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Learn from experts • Resources for the research http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/clean_energy_101/ (Union of Concerned Scientits) http://energy.gov/science-innovation/energy-sources (DOE) http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=about_home (Energy Information Administration) http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=2 http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/ (US and International Energy Outlook reports 2011)
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Presenting your ideas! • Preparation • Presentation • Delivery of your talk • Supporting slides
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Preparation • Know your audience • Key message for the audience • Research your topic • Prepare for Q&A
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Presentation Delivery of your talk • Establish credibility • Posture, voice, gestures, eye contact, movement • Avoid filler words, effective use of pauses • Dynamics of one-to-one communication
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Presentation Supporting slides • Effective introduction and conclusion • Logical development of key ideas • Supporting arguments • Examples, facts & figures, definitions, references • Use of “blank”
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Project Description
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