Deeply Decarbonizing the Lab Practice, Plans, Aspirations and Applied Research in the Climate Change Era
John Elliott, Chief Sustainability Officer April 2015
Stay below human-caused warming of 2°C Reduce total GHG emissions 26-28% below 2005 levels by 2025 Reduce total GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 Double the efficiency of existing buildings over the next 15 years Reduce GHG emissions from federal facilities 40% from current levels by 2025 Achieve UC climate neutrality in scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2025 Deep Decarbonization: Reduce energy-related CO2 per capita emissions to about 1/10 current levels with all deliberate speed by 2050
Berkeley Lab Annual GHG Emissions SCOPE&3&WASTEWATER& 35& 0.05%& SCOPE&3&ELECTRIC&T&D& LOSS& 2,663& 3.5%&
SCOPE&3&COMMUTING& 13,630& 17.7%&
TOTAL BERKELEY LAB REPORTED GHG EMISSIONS
SCOPE&3&SOLID&WASTE& 500& 0.7%& SCOPE&1&FLEET&VEHICLES& 164& 0.2%&
SCOPE&1&NATURAL&GAS& USAGE& 8,938& 11.6%&
SCOPE&1&FUGITIVE& 218& 0.3%&
kg/person-day 13.3 MT/person-yr 5,329 FTE BUILDING ENERGY ACCOUNTS FOR
SCOPE&3&AIR&TRAVEL& 6,596& 8.6%&
SCOPE&3&GROUND& TRAVEL& 503& 0.7%&
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SCOPE&2&ELECTRIC& POWER& 43,658& 56.8%&
FY 2014 Berkley Lab Total GHG Emissions: 77,934 MTCO2e Unit: MTCO2e
78% OF TOTAL 28 kg/person-day 10.4 MT/person-yr
MORE THAN
140 BUILDINGS
25 BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ~90% OF BUILDING GHG EMISSIONS
EO 13693
Federal goals enforce an appropriate mix of efficiency and renewables to achieve climate targets See Williams et al Science 2012, CCST California’s Energy Future, Pathways to Deep Decarbonization, 2014
RENEWABLES
30% 25% OF ELECTRICITY
OF ENERGY (ELECTRICITY + GAS)
EFFICIENCY
OVERALL GHG EMISSIONS
2.5%
40%
ANNUAL EUI REDUCTION
REDUCTION
Annual&GHG&Emissions&M
!40,000!!
Behavior!"!Plug!Loads,!Hoods!
Wedges to Meet Berkeley Lab Climate Targets Over the Next 10 Years Living!Lab!
!30,000!!
Efficiency!"!Addi=onal!Required! Demoli=on!
!20,000!!
Renewables!
Addi=onal!Required!GHG!Reduc=ons!
Demoli4on!
Business!As!Usual!
Efficiency!"!Energy!Management! Efficiency!"!Ligh4ng!Retrofit!
2025!
2024!
2023!
2022!
2021!
2020!
2019!
2018!
Demoli4on!
2017!
!50,000!!
Grid!Power!
2016!
!60,000!! !50,000!! !"!!!! Annual&GHG&Emissions&MTCO2e&
Efficiency!"!Energy!Management!
Efficiency!"!HVAC!Retrofit! Efficiency!"!Ligh4ng!Retrofit!
!40,000!!
Efficiency!"!Replace!with!New!Const Efficiency!"!HVAC!Retrofit!
!40,000!!
Efficiency!"!Replace!with!New!Construc4on! Behavior!"!Plug!Loads,!Hoods!
!30,000!!
Behavior!"!Plug!Loads,!Hoods! Living!Lab!
!30,000!!
Living!Lab!
Efficiency!"!Addi4onal!Required!
Efficiency!"!Addi4onal!Required!
!20,000!!
Renewables!
!20,000!!
Renewables!
Addi4onal!Required!GHG!Reduc4on
Addi4onal!Required!GHG!Reduc4ons!
Grid!Power!
!10,000!! !10,000!!
Grid!Power!
2025!
2025!
2024!
2024!
2023!
2023!
2022! 2022!
2021! 2021!
2020! 2020!
2019!
2019!
2018!
2018!
2017!
2017!
!"!!!! !"!!!!
2016!
Business!As!Usual! Business!As!Usual!
2016!
Annual&GHG&Emissions&MTCO2e&
!60,000!! !10,000!!
For visualization purposes, after 2020, growth is assumed and modeled efficiency projects are maintained, but not expanded after 2021.
Get all building performance data onto one actionable, scalable architecture as a foundation for all approaches Energy Management Server Research Server (ETA institutional support needed)
Energy Management A process Is the building providing only the services needed? Expanding to key buildings this summer
Energy Management
How well is the building turning down and can we do better?
What keeps us from actually turning a building down? Poor or no sensing of occupancy and conservative schedules Physical lighting circuits that traverse different use areas Difficulty of scheduling HVAC and lighting separately Plug loads that are always on Little visibility below wholebuilding interval data
What keeps us from actually turning a building down?
Wireless, integrated end-use control may be a solution to deep savings “No goof” wireless occupancy and daylight sensing Flexible mapping of any sensor group to any load, regardless of circuits Scheduling and sensor-activated control across all end uses (HVAC, lighting, and plugs) Monitoring at the point of control
What keeps us from actually turning a building down?
Wireless, integrated end-use control may be a solution to deep savings
§ Developing a pilot at B74 § How much savings are available in lab and cube settings compared to our current best practice?
Retrofits
What do we need to be successful?
1. Deep savings 2. Verifiable 3. Persistent 4. Scalable 5. Big and small
Photo: © UC Regents through LBNL
Integrated, Deep Whole Building Retrofits
Lighting Retrofits as a Gateway to Deep Efficiency
Office Makeovers as a Gateway to Behavior
Enable VAV operation and reduce airflow where possible
Install LEDs with control
Deploy a flexible mix of technologies to interested partners:
Modernize lighting Control plug loads Wireless, integrated end use controls across lighting, HVAC, and plugs
Implement by lighting end use Lay a foundation for future HVAC and plug load control
- Good blinds - Paint - Good LED Lamp - Plug load control - Wireless sensors if wanted - Lighting retrofit if needed
§ Conducting audits to inform this strategy § Ramping up activities for implementation beginning fall 2015
Ongoing Commissioning
How do we get persistence?
Design & Construction
Operations
Leverage Cx process
Deploy scalable middleware for ongoing Cx
Automate commissioning test scripts (Skyspark or similar) Resolve problems while contractors are on-site
Orient FDD to continued validation of Cx scripts
Stretch Target Design Target 70% of Energy Use Compared to ASHRAE 90.1 2010 How do you build highbyperformance 50% of Current Energy (normalized location) kbtu/sf 127 kbtu/sf into the base building 93 the first time? 0.3 kw/ton 0.4 kw/ton 0.5 w/cfm 0.75 w/cfm 0.3 w/cfm 0.4 w/cfm 750 sf/ton 550 sf/ton 0.75 w/sf 0.60 w/sf 0.35 w/sf 0.3 w/sf
New Construction Federal Requirement LBNL Sustainability Policy Annual Energy Use Target Cooling Plant Efficiency Laboratory Ventilation Efficiency Office Ventilation Efficiency Building Load Efficiency Laboratory Lighting Efficiency Office Lighting Efficiency
§ Sustainability Standards for New Construction
§ Establish a high target for sustainability performance that can be achieved cost-effectively with integrated design
§ Carry energy performance targets Table 5.8.1 – Energy Targets(design intent confirmed through modeling) intoand operations The following graphs shows the benchmarks energy requirements for the project. Federal Energy Requirements
LBNL Sustainability Requirements 350 300
350 100% of JGI EUI
300 Plug Loads
250 200 150
50% of JGI EUI 35% of JGI EUI
100
250
Lighting
200
Cooling, Fans, Pumps Heating
150
70% of 90.1 2010 EUI
50
0
0
Plug Loads Lighting Cooling, Fans, Pumps Heating
100
50 JGI Data 50% of Base 35% of Base (normalized Design Design for weather)
100% of 90.1 2010 EUI
90.1 2010 Data (est.)
Design Target
Behavior
How do you create behaviors that make a building tend towards less energy use and not more?
§ Work with the most engaged first § Communicate and learn through a liason network § Tend towards action with a research mindset § Focus on plug load reduction and closing hoods § Develop communities that are engaged and informed by data to save energy
We also need a building performance software architecture sMAP Front Ends SKYSPARK OR SIMILAR DAINTREE OR SIMILAR LUCID OR SIMILAR
Monitoring
Integrated End Use Control
Ongoing Cx
Bldg Control BASs
Research
Aspirations § NERSC: Establish the infrastructure and institutions to be a world leader in energy-efficient high-performance computing § ALS: Develop an action plan to facilitate a transformation in energy efficiency as the facility is upgraded
Photo: © UC Regents through LBNL
Renewables 1. On-site solar: Driven by research need 2. Off-site solar: • Behind the meter solar at another facility • This year, we are completing a 3-MW, 10-acre array with LLNL at their site • We will buy 20% of the electricity through a PPA with WAPA 3. Off-site renewable project purchase: • Bring projects to market, directly or indirectly, with long-term commitments • Liquidate the renewable power at the point of connection and retain the REC • Continue to be served by WAPA See “Google’s Green PPAs: What, How, and Why” Photo: LLNL
Living Laboratory § Global Partnership Alliance § Building operating systems § Guaranteed performance § Integrated systems § Engaged feedback
Data architecture, energy management, cx, retrofit, and behavioral projects directly map to these strategic areas
How to Cultivate a Living Laboratory § Focus on making data available to attract projects § Maintain a strategic backbone - know when to say no § Staff the Living Lab with a Lab Manager
We could also be more aggressive Create the future by identifying strategic climate solutions, going after funding to conduct applied research involving - renewable generation, - efficiency, - storage, - behavior, - market understanding, and - optimization. 25
John Elliott, Chief Sustainability Officer
[email protected], 510-486-7188 sbl.lbl.gov Erin Claybaugh Sustainability Program Manager Deirdre Carter Energy and Sustainability Manager
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Stupid things Install another gas that I will do water heating without your system help
Develop a fleet of EV batteries and only use them for transportation
Install solar without storage
AREAS
PV, heat pump, passive design, controls, optimization, water conservation
EV to grid, fast DR, urban systems, EV Everywhere, behavior
Generation and storage at multiple scales, demand shifting, optimization
CHALLENGE
Reinvent solar water Extract more value heating out of a significant deployment of storage
Address the intermittent generation and storage problem head on
GOAL
Electrify half our water heating over the next 10 years
Deploy two operating integrated, scalable generation/storage plants at res and commercial scales
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Double the carbon reduction from a fleet of EV batteries