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Edited By Adnan Shafique

Exercise 3.4 (Solutions) 1 2x dx 2 ò 1 + x2 d (1 + x 2 ) 1 -1 dx = x tan x - ò dx 2 1 + x2 1 = x tan -1 x - ln 1 + x 2 + c 2

Integration by Parts If u and v are function of x , then

= x tan -1 x -

ò uv dx = u ò vdx - ò ( ò vdx ) × u¢ dx

Question # 1(i) Let I = ò x sin x dx

u=x v = sin x

Integration by parts I = x × (- cos x) - ò (- cos x) × (1) dx

Question # 1(viii) Let I = ò x 2 sin x dx

= - x cos x + ò cos x dx

Integrating by parts I = x 2 (- cos x) - ò (- cos x ) × 2 x dx

= - x cos x + sin x + c

Question # 1(ii) Let I = ò ln x dx

u = ln x v =1

= ò ln x ×1 dx

Again integrating by parts I = - x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x - ò sin x (1) dx

(

u=x v = cos x

)

= - x cos x + 2 x sin x - 2(- cos x) + c = - x 2 cos x + 2 x sin x + 2cos x + c

1 dx x

Question # 1(ix) Let I = ò x 2 tan -1 x dx

= x ln x - ò dx

= x ln x - x + c

Question # 1(iii) Let I = ò x ln x dx Integrating by parts x2 x2 1 I = ln x × - ò × dx 2 2 x 2 x 1 = ln x - ò x dx 2 2 2 x 1 x2 = ln x - × + c 2 2 2 2 x 1 = æç ln x - ö÷ + c 2è 2ø Question # 1(iv) Let I = ò x 2 ln x dx Do yourself Question # 1(v) Let I = ò x3 ln x dx Do yourself Question # 1(vi) Let I = ò x 4 ln x dx

u = ln x v=x

Question # 1(vii) Let I = ò tan -1 x dx

= ò tan -1 x ×1 dx

Integrating by parts 1 I = tan x × x - ò x × dx 1 + x2

u = tan -1 x v = x2

Integrating by parts x3 x3 1 I = tan -1 x × - ò × dx 3 3 1 + x2

1 x3 x3 tan -1 x - ò dx 3 3 1 + x2 x3 1 x ö = tan -1 x - ò æç x dx 3 3 è 1 + x 2 ÷ø x3 1 1 x = tan -1 x - ò x dx + - ò dx 3 3 3 1 + x2 =

x3 1 x2 1 1 2x tan -1 x - × + - × ò dx 3 3 2 3 2 1 + x2 d 2 (1 + x 2 ) x3 x 1 = tan -1 x - + - ò dx dx 3 6 6 1 + x2 x3 x2 1 = tan -1 x - + - ln 1 + x 2 + c 3 6 6 =

u = ln x v = x2

u = ln x v = x3 u = ln x v = x4

Do yourself

-1

= - x 2 cos x + 2ò x cos x dx

2

Integrating by parts I = ln x × x - ò x ×

u = x2 v = sin x

u = tan -1 x v =1

Question # 1(x) Let I = ò x tan -1 x dx

u = tan -1 x v=x

Integrating by parts x2 x2 1 I = tan -1 x - ò × dx 2 2 1 + x2 x2 1 x2 = tan -1 x - ò dx 2 2 1 + x2 x2 1 1 + x2 - 1 = tan -1 x - ò dx 2 2 1 + x2 x2 1 æ 1 + x2 1 = tan -1 x - ò ç 2 2 2 è 1 + x 1 + x2 =

x2 1 æ 1 ö tan -1 x - ò ç 1 dx 2 2 è 1 + x 2 ÷ø

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ö ÷ dx ø

FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 2

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com x2 1 1 - x2 -1 sin -1 x + ò dx 2 2 1 - x2 x2 1 æ 1 - x2 1 = sin -1 x + ò ç 2 2 è 1 - x2 1 - x2

x2 1 1 1 dx tan -1 x - ò dx + ò 2 2 2 1 + x2 x2 1 1 = tan -1 x - x + tan -1 x + c Ans. 2 2 2

=

Question # 1(xi) Let I = ò x3 tan -1 x dx Integrating by parts x4 x4 1 I = tan -1 x × - ò × dx 4 4 1 + x2 =

4

4

=

u = tan -1 x v = x3 x2 - 1 1 + x 2 x4

x x 1 dx tan -1 x - - ò 4 4 1 + x2

x +x 4

-

2

-

- x2 x tan -1 x 4 -1 - x2 + + 1 æ 2 1 ö 1 - ò ç x -1+ ÷ dx 4 è 1 + x2 ø x4 1 1 1 1 = tan -1 x - ò x 2 dx + ò dx - ò dx 4 4 4 4 1 + x2

=

4

x4 1 x3 1 1 = tan -1 x + x - tan -1 x + c 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 x x 1 1 = tan -1 x - + x - tan -1 x + c 4 12 4 4 Question # 1(xii) Let I = ò x3 cos x dx

u = x3 v = cos x = x 3 by Do yourself as Question # 1(viii). uIntegrate parts three times. Question # 1(xiii) I = ò sin -1 x dx

u = sin -1 x v =1 u = x3

= ò sin -1 x ×1 dx

Integrating by parts I = sin -1 x × x - ò x ×

1 1 - x2 -

dx

1

= x sin -1 x - ò (1 - x 2 ) 2 ( x) dx 1 1 2 -2 (1 x ) (-2 x) dx 2ò 1 - d 1 = x sin -1 x + ò (1 - x 2 ) 2 (1 - x 2 ) dx 2 dx

= x sin -1 x +

1 - +1

1 (1 - x 2 ) 2 = x sin -1 x + +c 1 2 - +1 2

Þ I=

x2 1 1 sin -1 x + I1 - sin -1 x ….. (i) 2 2 2

Where I1 = ò 1 - x 2 dx

Put x = sin q

Þ dx = cos q dq

Þ I1 = ò 1 - sin 2 q cos q dq = ò cos2 q cos q dq 1 + cos 2q ö = ò cos 2 q dq = ò æç ÷ dq 2 è ø 1 = ò (1 + cos 2q ) dq 2 1é sin 2q ù = êq + +c 2ë 2 úû 1é 2sin q cos q ù = êq + úû + c 2ë 2 1 = éê q + sin q 1 - sin 2 q ùú + c û 2ë 1 = éê sin -1 x + x 1 - x 2 ùú + c û 2ë Using value of I1 in (i )

(

1

u = sin -1 x v=x

Integrating by parts x2 x2 1 I = sin -1 x × -ò × dx 2 2 1 - x2 x2 1 - x2 = sin -1 x + ò dx 2 2 1 - x2

u = ex v = sin 2 x

1 x e × 2sin x cos x dx 2ò 1 = ò e x sin 2 x dx Q sin 2 x = 2 sin x cos x 2 Integrating by parts 1 é - cos 2 x - cos 2 x x ù I = êe x × -ò × e dx ú 2ë 2 2 û 1 1 = - e x cos 2 x + ò e x cos 2 x dx 4 4 Again integrating by parts 1 1æ sin 2 x sin 2 x x ö I = - e x cos 2 x + ç e x × -ò e ÷ 4 4è 2 2 ø =

= x sin -1 x + 1 - x 2 + c

)

x2 1 1 sin -1 x + éê sin -1 x + x 1 - x 2 + c ùú 2 2 ë2 û 1 - sin -1 x 2 2 x 1 1 1 = sin -1 x + sin -1 x + x 1 - x 2 + c 2 4 4 2 1 -1 - sin x 2 2 x 1 1 1 Þ I = sin -1 x - sin -1 x + x 1 - x 2 + c 2 4 4 2 I=

Question # 1(xv) Let I = ò e x sin x cos x dx

1 (1 - x 2 ) 2 = x sin -1 x + +c 2 1 2 Question # 1(xiv) Let I = ò x sin -1 x dx

ö ÷ dx ø x2 1 æ 1 ö = sin -1 x + ò ç 1 - x 2 ÷ dx 2 2 è 1 - x2 ø x2 1 1 1 = sin -1 x + ò 1 - x 2 dx - ò dx 2 2 2 1 - x2

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 3

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com =-

1 x 1æ sin 2 x 1 ö e cos 2 x + ç e x × - ò e x sin 2 x ÷ 4 4è 2 2 ø

1 1æ sin 2 x ö = - e x cos 2 x + ç e x × - I ÷+c 4 4è 2 ø 1 x 1 1 e cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x - I + c 4 8 4 1 1 1 Þ I + I = - e x cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x + c 4 4 8 5 1 1 Þ I = - e x cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x + c 4 4 8 1 1 4 Þ I = - e x cos 2 x + e x sin 2 x + c 5 10 5 =-

Question # 1(xvi) Let I = ò x sin x cos x dx

Question # 1(xix) Let I = ò (ln x) 2 dx

u = ( ln x ) v =1

= ò ( ln x ) ×1 dx 2

2

Integrating by parts I = ( ln x ) × x - ò x × 2 ( ln x ) × 2

1 dx x

= x ( ln x ) - 2 ò ( ln x ) dx 2

Again integrating by parts 2 1 é ù I = x ( ln x ) - 2 ê ln x × x - ò x × dx ú x ë û = x ( ln x ) - 2 x ln x + 2 ò dx 2

= x ( ln x ) - 2 x ln x + 2 x + c 2

1 x × 2sin x cos x dx 2ò u=x 1 v = sin 2 x = ò x × sin 2 x dx 2 Integrating by parts 1 é - cos 2 x ö æ - cos 2 x ö ù I = ê x æç - òç (1) dx ú ÷ ÷ 2ë è 2 2 ø è ø û Now do yourself

Question # 1(xx) Let I = ò ln(tan x) sec2 x dx

Question # 1(xvii) Let I = ò x cos 2 x dx

Question # 1(xxi) u = sin -1 x x sin -1 x Let I = ò dx 1 1 - x2 v = (1 - x 2 ) 2 ( - 2 x ) 1 = ò sin -1 x × ( x) dx 1 - x2 1 1 = - ò sin -1 x × (1 - x 2 ) 2 (-2 x) dx 2 Integrating by parts 1 é - +1 1 ê -1 (1 - x 2 ) 2 I = - êsin x × 1 2 - +1 êë 2 1 ù - +1 (1 - x 2 ) 2 1 ú -ò × dx ú 1 1 - x2 ú - +1 2 û

=

æ 1 + cos 2 x ö = ò xç ÷ dx 2 è ø 1 = ò x (1 + cos 2 x ) dx 2 u=x v = cos 2 x 1 1 = ò x dx + ò x cos 2 xdx 2 2 2 1 x 1 sin 2 x sin 2 x = × + éê x -ò × (1)dx ùú 2 2 2ë 2 2 û x2 1 1 + x × sin 2 x - ò sin 2 x dx 4 4 4 2 x 1 1 - cos 2 x ö = + x × sin 2 x - æç ÷+c 4 4 4è 2 ø =

=

x2 1 1 + x × sin 2 x + cos 2 x + c 4 4 8

Question # 1(xviii) Let I = ò x sin 2 x dx 1 æ 1 - cos 2 x ö = ò xç dx = ò x (1 - cos 2 x ) dx ÷ 2 2 è ø u=x 1 1 = ò x dx - ò x cos 2 x dx v = cos 2 x 2 2 Integrating by parts 1 x2 1 é sin 2 x sin 2 x ù I= - ê x× -ò .(1) dx ú 2 2 2ë 2 2 û 2 x 1 1 = - x sin 2 x + ò sin 2 x dx 4 4 4 x2 1 1 æ - cos 2 x ö = - x sin 2 x + ç ÷+c 4 4 4è 2 ø 2 x 1 1 = - x sin 2 x - cos 2 x + c 4 4 8

u = ln(tan x ) v = sec 2 x

Integrating by parts 1 × sec2 x dx tan x 2 = tan x ln ( tan x ) - ò sec x dx

I = ln(tan x) × tan x - ò tan x ×

= tan x ln ( tan x ) - tan x + c

1 é 1 ê -1 (1 - x 2 ) 2 = - êsin x × 1 2 êë 2

1 ù (1 - x 2 ) 2 1 ú -ò × dx ú 2 1 1- x úû 2 1 ù 1é = - ê 2(1 - x 2 ) 2 sin -1 x - 2ò dx ú 2ë û

= - 1 - x 2 sin -1 x + ò dx = - 1 - x 2 sin -1 x + x + c = x - 1 - x 2 sin -1 x + c Question # 2(i) Let I = ò tan 4 xdx = ò tan 2 x × tan 2 x dx

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 4

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com

= ò tan 2 x ( sec 2 x - 1) dx

1 3 5x 3 2 5x u = x2 x e - ò x e dx 5 5 v = ex Again integrating by parts ù 1 3é e5 x e5 x I = x3e5 x - ê x 2 × -ò × 2 x dx ú 5 5ë 5 5 û =

= ò ( tan 2 x sec2 x - tan 2 x ) dx = ò tan 2 x sec2 x dx - ò tan 2 x dx = ò tan 2 x

d (tan x) dx - ò (sec2 x - 1) dx dx

1 3 5x 3 2 5x 6 x e - x e + ò x e5 x dx 5 25 25 Again integrating by parts 1 3 I = x3e5 x - x 2 e5 x 5 25 ù e5 x 6 é e5 x + ê x× -ò × (1)dx ú 25 ë 5 5 û =

2 +1

tan x - ò sec2 x dx - ò dx 2 +1 1 = tan 3 x - tan x - x + c 3

=

Question # 2(ii) Let I = ò sec 4 x dx

1 3 5x 3 2 5x 6 6 xe - xe + xe5 x e5 x dx ò 5 25 125 125 1 3 6 6 e5 x = x 3 e 5 x - x 2 e5 x + xe5 x × +c 5 25 125 125 5 e5 x æ 3 3 2 6 6 ö = x - x + x+c ç 5 è 5 25 125 ÷ø =

= ò (sec 2 x ) × (sec2 x ) dx

= ò (1 + tan 2 x ) × (sec2 x ) dx = ò sec2 x dx + ò tan 2 x sec2 x dx = tan x + ò (tan x)2

d (tan x) dx dx

Question 2(vi) Let I = ò e - x sin 2 x dx

tan 3 x = tan x + +c 3 Question # 2(iii) Let I = ò e x sin 2 x cos x dx 1 x e ( 2sin 2 x cos x ) dx 2ò 1 = ò e x ( sin(2 x + x) + sin(2 x - x) ) dx 2 1 x = ò e ( sin 3 x + sin x ) dx 2 1 x 1 = ò e sin 3 x dx + ò e x sin x dx 2 2 1 1 = I1 + I 2 ………. (i) 2 2 Where I1 = ò e x sin 3 x dx and I 2 = ò e x sin x dx =

Solve I1 and I 2 as in Q # 1(xv) and put value of I1 and I 2 in (i ) . Question # 2(iv) I = ò tan 3 x × sec x dx

= ò tan 2 x × tan x × sec x dx

= ò ( sec 2 x - 1) × sec x tan x dx

Put t = sec x

Integrating by parts - cos 2 x - cos 2 x - x I = e- x × -ò × e (-1) dx 2 2 1 1 = - e- x cos 2 x - ò e- x cos 2 x dx 2 2 Again integrating by parts 1 1 sin 2 x I = - e - x cos 2 x - éê e- x × 2 2ë 2 sin 2 x - x -ò × e (-1) dx ùú 2 û 1 1 1 = - e- x cos 2 x - e- x sin 2 x - ò e- x sin 2 x dx 2 4 4 1 -x 1 -x 1 Þ I = - e cos 2 x - e sin 2 x - I + c 2 4 4 1 1 1 Þ I + I = - e- x cos 2 x - e- x sin 2 x + c 4 2 4 5 1 1 Þ I = - e- x cos 2 x - e- x sin 2 x + c 4 2 4 2 -x 1 -x 4 Þ I = - e cos 2 x - e sin 2 x + c 5 5 5 1 4 = - e- x ( 2 cos 2 x + sin 2 x ) + c 5 5 Question # 2(vii) Let I = ò e2 x × cos 3 x dx

Þ dt = sec x tan x dx

So I = ò ( t 2 - 1) dt

Do yourself as above

3

t -t +c 3 sec3 x = - sec+ c 3 =

u = e- x v = sin 2 x

Question # 2(v) Let I = ò x3e5 x dx Integrating by parts e5 x e5 x I = x3 × -ò × 3 x 2 dx 5 5

Question # 2(viii) I = ò cosec3 x dx

u = cosec x v = cosec 2 x

= ò cosec x × cosec2 x dx

u=x v = ex

3

Integrating by parts I = csc x ( - cot x ) i ò ( - cot x )( - csc x cot x ) dx = - cosec x cot x - ò cosec x cot 2 x dx

(

)

= - cosec x cot x - ò cosec x cosec2 x - 1 dx

(

)

= - cosec x cot x - ò cosec3 x - cosec x dx

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 5

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com = - cosec x cot x - ò cosec3 x dx + ò cosec x dx = - cosec x cot x - I + ln cosec x - cot x + c

Question # 4(i) I = ò a 2 - x 2 dx

Let

= ò a 2 - x 2 ×1 dx

Þ I + I = - cosec x cot x + ln cosec x - cot x + c Þ 2 I = - cosec x cot x + ln cosec x - cot x + c 1 1 1 Þ I = - csc x cot x + ln csc x - cot x + c 2 2 2 Question # 3 Let I = ò eax sin bx dx

u = e ax v = sin bx

Integrating by parts æ cos bx ö æ cos bx ö ax I = e ax ç - × e ( a) dx b ÷ø ò çè b ÷ø è e ax cos bx a ax =+ ò e cos bx dx b b Again integrating by parts sin bx ax eax cos bx a é ax sin bx I =+ êe -ò × e a dx ùú b bë b b û =-

e ax cos bx a ax a2 + 2 e sin bx - 2 ò eax sin bx dx b b b

=-

e ax cos bx a ax a2 + 2 e sin bx - 2 I + c1 b b b

a2 e ax cos bx a ax I = + 2 e sin bx + c1 b b2 b ax æ b2 + a 2 ö e Þ ç ÷ I = 2 ( -b cos bx + a sin bx ) + c1 2 b è b ø Þ I+

(b

Þ

2

)

+ a 2 I = eax ( a sin bx - b cos bx ) + b2 c1

Put a = r cos q & b = r sin q Squaring and adding a 2 + b 2 = r 2 cos 2 q + sin 2 q

(

)

Þ a 2 + b 2 = r 2 (1) Þ r = a 2 + b 2 Also b r sin q b = Þ = tan q a r cos q a b Þ q = tan -1 a So b 2 + a 2 I = e ax ( r cos q sin bx - r sin q cos bx ) + b 2 c1

(

)

(b

2

Þ

)

+ a 2 I = e ax r ( sin bx cos q - cos bx sin q ) + b 2 c1

(a

2

)

+ b 2 I = eax r sin ( bx - q ) + b2 c1

Putting value of r and q

(a

2

)

+b I = e

ÞI=

2

bö æ a + b sin ç bx - tan -1 ÷ + b2 c1 aø è

ax

2

2

2 a 2 + b 2 ax æ bx - tan -1 b ö + b e sin c ç a ÷ø a 2 + b 2 1 (a 2 + b 2 ) è

Þ I=

bö æ e ax sin ç bx - tan -1 ÷ + c aø è a +b b2 Where c = 2 2 c1 a +b 1

2

2

u = a 2 - x2 v =1

Integrating by parts

(

1

)

1 I = a - x × x - ò x × a 2 - x 2 2 × ( -2 x ) dx 2 - x2 dx = x a 2 - x2 - ò 1 2 2 2 a -x 2

2

(

)

a 2 - x2 - a2

= x a 2 - x2 - ò

(a

2

-x

dx

1 2 2

)

æ ö 2 2 2 ç ÷ a x a = x a 2 - x2 - ò ç dx 1 1 ÷ 2 2 2 ÷ ç a2 - x2 2 a -x è ø 2 a = x a 2 - x 2 - ò a 2 - x 2 dx + ò dx a 2 - x2 1 dx Þ I = x a2 - x2 - I + a2 ò 2 a - x2 x Þ I + I = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 Sin-1 + c a x Þ 2 I = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 Sin -1 + c a 1 1 x 1 Þ I = x a 2 - x 2 + a 2 Sin -1 + c 2 2 a 2

(

) (

)

Review ·

ò

·

ò

dx x -a dx

2

x +a

2

2

2

= ln x + x 2 - a 2 + c = ln x + x 2 + a 2 + c

Question # 4(ii) Let I = ò x 2 - a 2 dx

u = x2 - a2 v =1

= ò x 2 - a 2 ×1 dx Integrating by parts

(

1 I = x - a × x - ò x × x2 - a 2 2 x2 = x x2 - a2 - ò dx 1 2 2 2 x -a 2

2

(

1 2

× ( 2 x ) dx

)

x2 - a2 + a2

= x x2 - a2 - ò

)

-

(x

2

-a

1 2 2

)

dx

æ ö 2 2 2 ç ÷ x a a = x x2 - a2 - ò ç + dx 1 1 ÷ 2 2 2 2 2 2 ç x -a ÷ x -a è ø 2 a = x x 2 - a 2 - ò x 2 - a 2 dx - ò dx x2 - a2 1 Þ I = x x2 - a 2 - I - a2 ò dx 2 x - a2

(

) (

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)

FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 6

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com

Þ I + I = x x 2 - a 2 - a 2 ln x + x 2 - a2 + c Q

dx

ò

x -a 2

2

= ln x + x 2 - a 2 + c

Þ 2 I = x x 2 - a 2 - a 2 ln x + x 2 - a 2 + c Þ I=

1 a2 1 x x 2 - a 2 - ln x + x 2 - a 2 + c 2 2 2

Question # 4(iii) Let

Question # 4(v) Same as Q # 4(ii) dx Use ò = ln x + x 2 + 4 + c 2 x +4 Question # 4(vi) Let I = ò x 2 eax dx Do yourself as Question # 2(v) Important Formula d ax d d Since e f ( x) = eax f ( x) + f ( x ) eax dx dx dx ax ax = e f ¢( x) + f ( x ) × e (a )

(

I = ò 4 - 5 x dx 2

= ò 4 - 5 x 2 ×1 dx

)

= eax [ a f ( x) + f ¢( x ) ]

Integrating by parts 1 2 -2

1 I = 4 - 5 x 2 × x - ò x × (4 - 5 x ) 2 -5 x 2 2 dx = 4 - 5x × x - ò (4 - 5 x 2 ) = 4 - 5x × x - ò 2

× (-10 x) dx

(

4 - 5x2 - 4 dx (4 - 5 x 2 )

Þ

æ ö 4 - 5x2 4 ç ÷ dx = 4 - 5x × x - ò 1 1 ÷ çç 2 2 (4 - 5 x 2 ) 2 ÷ø è (4 - 5 x ) æ ö 1 4 2 2 2 ç ÷ dx = 4 - 5 x × x - ò (4 - 5 x ) 1 ÷ çç (4 - 5 x 2 ) 2 ÷ø è 2

= 4 - 5 x 2 × x - ò 4 - 5 x 2 dx + 4 ò Þ I = 4 - 5 x 2 × x - I + 4ò Þ I + I = 4 - 5 x 2 × x + 4ò

1

1 4 - 5x2

dx

4 5 æç - x 2 ö÷ 5 è ø 1 dx 4 2 5 -x 5 1

Question # 4(iv) Let I = ò 3 - 4 x 2 dx Same as above.

Question # 5(i) 1 Let I = ò e x æç + ln x ö÷ dx èx ø 1ö æ = ò e x ç ln x + ÷ dx xø è Put

f ( x ) = ln x

Þ f ¢( x) =

So I = ò e x ( f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx

1 x

= ò e x ( sin x + cos x ) dx

æ 5xö 2 x 4 - 5x2 + Sin -1 ç ÷+c 2 2 5 è ø Where c =

ax ax ò e [ a f ( x) + f ¢( x) ] dx = e f ( x) + c

Question # 5(ii) Let I = ò e x ( cos x + sin x ) dx

æ x ö 4 = 4 - 5x2 × x + Sin-1 ç ÷ + c1 5 è2 5ø dx x Q ò = Sin -1 2 2 a a -x æ 5xö 1 x 4 Þ I= 4 - 5x2 + Sin -1 ç ÷ + 2 c1 2 2 2 5 è ø =

)

= e x f ( x) + c = e x ln x + c

dx

4 Þ 2I = 4 - 5 x × x + dx 5 ò æ 2 ö2 2 ç ÷ -x è 5ø 2

On integrating d ax ax ò dx e f ( x) dx = ò e [ a f ( x) + f ¢( x) ] dx Þ e ax f ( x) = ò eax [ a f ( x) + f ¢( x ) ] dx

Put f ( x ) = sin x

Þ f ¢( x ) = cos x

So I = ò e x ( f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx = e x f ( x) + c = e x sin x + c Question # 5(iii) é ù 1 Let I = ò eax ê a sec-1 x + ú dx x x2 - 1 û ë 1 Put f ( x ) = sec-1 x Þ f ¢( x ) = x x2 - 1 So I = ò eax [ a f ( x) + f ¢( x)] dx = eax f ( x) + c

1 c 2 1

= eax sec -1 x + c Question # 5(iv) 3sin x - cos x ö Let I = ò e3 x æç ÷ dx sin 2 x è ø æ 3sin x cos x ö = ò e3 x ç 2 - 2 ÷ dx è sin x sin x ø

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FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 7

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com cos x ö æ 1 = ò e3 x ç 3 ÷ dx è sin x sin x × sin x ø = ò e3 x ( 3csc x - csc x cot x ) dx

Put f ( x ) = csc x Þ f ¢( x) = - csc x cot x Þ I = ò e3 x ( 3 f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx

Important Integral Let I = ò tan x dx

= e f ( x) + c 3x

= e3 x csc x + c Question 5(v) Let I = ò e2 x ( - sin x + 2 cos x ) dx = ò e 2 x ( 2 cos x - sin x ) dx

So I = ò e

2x

( 2 f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx

sin x dx cos x Put t = cos x Þ dt = - sin x dx Þ - dt = sin x dx - dt dt So I = ò = -ò t t = - ln t + c =ò

*Correction

Þ f ¢( x ) = - sin x

Put f ( x ) = cos x

e mt +c m -1 1 = e m tan x + c m =

= - ln cos x + c

= e2 x f ( x) + c

= ln cos x

= e2 x cos x + c

= ln

Question # 5(vi) xe x Let I = ò dx 2 (1 + x ) =ò

Þ

f ( x) =

1 (1 + x) 2

So I = ò e x ( f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx = e x f ( x) + c æ 1 ö = ex ç ÷+c è 1+ x ø Question # 5(vii) Let I = ò e- x ( cos x - sin x ) dx

= ò e - x ( (-1)sin x + cos x ) dx

Put f ( x ) = sin x So I = ò e

-x

Þ f '( x) = cos x

( (-1) f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx

= e- x f ( x) + c = e- x sin x + c Question # 5(viii) Let I = ò

m tan -1 x

e dx 1 + x2

= ò e m tan Put t = tan -1 x So I = ò emt dt

-1 x

1 dx 1 + x2 1 Þ dt = dx 1 + x2 ×

1 +c cos x

ò tan x dx = ln ò cot x dx = ln

1 = (1 + x )-1 1+ x

Þ f ¢( x) = -(1 + x )-2 = -

Q m ln x = ln x m

+c

= ln sec x + c sec x + c

Similarly, we have

(1 + x - 1)e x dx (1 + x)2

é 1+ x 1 ù = ò ex ê dx 2 2ú ë (1 + x) (1 + x ) û é 1 1 ù = ò ex ê dx 2ú ë (1 + x) (1 + x) û Put

-1

sin x + c

Question # 5(ix) 2x Let I = ò dx 1 - sin x 2 x 1 + sin x =ò × dx 1 - sin x 1 + sin x 2 x(1 + sin x) =ò dx 1 - sin 2 x 2 x + 2 x sin x) =ò dx cos 2 x 2 x sin x ö æ 2x =òç + ÷ dx 2 2 è cos x cos x ø 2x 2 x sin x =ò dx + ò dx 2 cos x × cos x cos x = 2 ò x sec 2 x dx + 2ò x sec x tan x dx Integrating by parts I = 2 éë x × tan x - ò tan x ×1 dx ùû + 2 éë x × sec x - ò sec x (1) dx ùû = 2 éë x × tan x - ln sec x ùû + 2 éë x × sec x - ln sec x + tan x ùû + c = 2 x tan x - 2 ln sec x + 2 x sec x - 2 ln sec x + tan x + c Question # 5(x) e x (1 + x) Let I = ò dx (2 + x)2 =ò

e x (2 + x - 1) dx (2 + x)2

æ 2+ x 1 ö = ò ex ç dx 2 2 ÷ è (2 + x) (2 + x ) ø

Math, Physics, Chemistry And Other Study Notes Freely Available Below Link

FSc-II / Ex- 3.4 - 8

www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com

(

)

= ò e x (2 + x)-1 - (2 + x)-2 dx Put f ( x ) = (2 + x )-1

Þ f ¢( x) = -(2 + x )-2

So I = ò e x ( f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) dx = e x f ( x) + c = e x (2 + x) -1 + c =

ex +c 2+ x

Question # 15(xi) 1 - sin x ö x Let I = ò æç ÷ e dx è 1 - cos x ø æ 1 - 2sin x cos x ö ç 2 2 ÷ e x dx =òç ÷ x 2sin 2 ç ÷ 2 è ø x x æ 2sin cos ö÷ ç 1 2 2 e x dx =òç x x ÷ 2sin 2 ç 2 sin 2 ÷ 2 2 ø è x xö æ1 = ò ç cosec2 - cot ÷ e x dx 2 2 2 è ø x 1 xö æ = ò e x ç - cot + cosec2 ÷ dx 2 2 2ø è x x 1 Put f ( x ) = - cot Þ f ¢( x ) = cosec2 × 2 2 2 x 1 Þ f ¢( x ) = cosec2 2 2 So I = ò e x ( f ( x) + f ¢( x) ) = e x f ( x) + c xö æ = e x ç - cot ÷ + c 2ø è x = - e x cot + c . 2

Math, Physics, Chemistry And Other Study Notes Freely Available Below Link

Ex 3.4 (www.urdulovers123.blogspot.com).pdf

x x dx. x. -. = -. +. Ú. 2. 1. 2. (1 ) 1. tan 2 1. d. x. dx x x dx. x. -. +. = -. +. Ú. 1 2 1. tan ln 1 2. x x x c. -. = - + +. Question # 1(viii). Let 2. I = x sin x dx Ú. Integrating by ...

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