EXAM 1 Multiple Choice Questions 1. The Greek period is also known as the _________ period. a. Crassaic b. classical c. Jurassic d. maniacal 2. In the Renaissance period, flowers are used in the artwork to represent a. mythological beings b. religious symbolism c. anthropomorphism d. famous artists 3. Egyptian period art shows a flower that occurs along the Nile River used quite frequently in designs of that time period. It is a ______ a. cycad b. lotus c. lythrum d. liriope 4. William Hogarth, responsible for the introduction of the “Hogarth,” or “S” curve, penned the words “straight is the line of duty, curved is the line of beauty,” is representative of what historical period? a. Neoclassical b. Baroque c. Renaissance d. Classical 5. Floral designs that were considered “Open and Airy” in their construction, with a definite feminine appearance, and landscape sculptural shrubs or “topiaries” were from which periods? a. Flemish b. French c. Classical d. Turkish 6. The Victorian era was one of sentiment in which “posy holders” were used to a. transport flowers to the grave site b. hold small bouquets used to convey messages between lovers c. hold buckets of flowers to hand out at social events d. stand in the wedding line holding baskets of flowers

7. Which holiday is the most important floral holiday? a. Mother’s Day b. Valentine’s Day c. Christmas d. Secretary’s Day 8. Respiration is decreased in a flower by decreasing a. translocation b. temperature c. turgor pressure d. refrigeration 9. Improper filling of floral foam by holding it underwater causes: a. cavitation of the water in the foam b. air pockets to form in the foam c. the foam to explode into small pieces d. over-saturation of the pore spaces in the foam 10. The “nosegay,” also called a “tuzzie muzzie,” a small hand-held bouquet of fragrant flowers, was introduced during which period? a. Elizabethan b. Georgian c. Victorian d. Gregorian 11. The colors yellow green, red orange, and blue violet refer to __________ color harmony? a. complementary b. triadic c. mosaic d. contemporary 12. LINE-MASS Describes: a. how much floral material can be placed in a line. b. the American or western style of arranging. c. the formation of people awaiting a religious service. d. the ratio of long-stemmed flowers to short-stemmed flowers. 13. Complementary Harmony relates to: a. the relationship between florists in a small town. b. the combination of two hues adjacent on a color wheel. c. the combination of two hues directly opposite on a color wheel. d. any hue that matches the surrounding colors.

14. "Breaking the edge" of a container refers to: a. chipping the top rim of a marble vase for a rustic appearance. b. cracks caused in a ceramic vase by overweight flower stems. c. placement of foliage to hang over and below the rim of the vase. d. taping and securing floral foam inside of a vase or bowl. 15. Roses of very high quality are currently being imported to the USA from: a. Chile, Argentina, Slovakia b. Greece, Bulgaria, Nigeria, South Africa c. Ecuador, Colombia, Costa Rica d. Honduras, Guiana, Belize, Macedonia 16. A floral wire that is 26 gauge would be thicker and heavier than a wire with a gauge measuring a. 20 b. 28 c. 24 d. 22 17. Monochromatic harmony a. is the use of test swatches to determine the correct color for an office b. is the use of one color, with tints shades or tones in a bouquet c. is the use of one sample bouquet in a sales presentation d. is the use of at least three tints, shades or tones of a primary color 18. Polychromatic harmony a. is the combination of ten different colors and fragrances for a client b. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet c. is the combined arrangement of flowers and food, particularly crackers d. is the use of three primary colors in a floral bouquet 19. Analogous harmony a. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet b. is the use of hues in a design that are adjacent to each other c. is the combination of a customer’s favorite flowers and colors d. is the use of three primary colors in a floral bouquet 20. Triadic harmony a. is the use of three or more groups of color in a bouquet b. is the use of three equally separated colors in a bouquet c. is the use of more than three primary colors in a floral bouquet d. is the use of four or more hues in a floral bouquet

21. Which color portrays dominance and strength? a. Red b. Violet c. Yellow d. Orange 22. The golden mean was perfected in which time period? a. Egyptian b. Roman c. Greek d. Baroque 23. Three advantages of using silk flowers are: a. they are flexible, they can be used as antennae, they are inexpensive b. they are flexible, they don’t require water, they last a long time c. they are flexible, they get boring, they are very expensive d. they are flexible, they last forever, they are more realistic 24. Two disadvantages of using artificial flowers are: a. they are very expensive, they smell strongly of formaldehyde b. they get boring, they can fall apart and fray on the edges c. they get boring, they stay clean forever d. they are so cheap they are embarrassing to use, they are flexible 25. Flowers can be dried by: a. pressing, blending, baking, cementing b. pressing, hanging, freeze-drying, covering with sand c. pressing, shredding, covering with detergent, freezing d. pressing, hanging, boiling, refrigerating 26. Foliage’s and some flowers are often preserved in a. hand lotion or antifreeze b. glycerin or propylene glycol c. glycogen or antifreeze d. antifreeze or carbonic acid 27. Wire is sized in gauges, indicated by the following numbers a. 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 b. 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 c. 12, 16, 22, 26, 32, 36, 42 d. 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46 28. Most common floral ribbon is a. satin acetate, fused edge, 600 count b. satin acetate, fused edge, 200 count c. silk polysorbitol, fused edge, 15 count

d. acrylic resin, molded edge, 250 count 29. Disbudding produces the following type of flower: a. spike b. standard c. stippled d. spray 30. Pinching off the terminal bud of a flowering plant produces a stem of a. spackled flowers b. spray flowers c. standard flowers d. specimen flowers

Short Answer Questions 31. Name 3 types of inflorescence and give an example of each.

32. What are pre-treatments for flowers? Name at least 3 different treatments that may be used during post-harvest handling of flowers.

33. Name at least three ingredients in floral preservative.

34. Please explain the difference between ‘principles’ and ‘elements’ of design. Give three examples of each.

35. What are the four ways flowers can be utilized in a design and give 2 examples of each using their common names.

36. Please draw and label a diagram of the lily flower. You should include and label the following flower parts: Petal, bud, sepal, receptacle, Pistil (including stigma, style, and ovary) Stamen (including anther and filament), and give 2 reasons why the anthers are usually removed from a lily before insertion in a bouquet.

37. Please diagram a color wheel, and label all primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. Also label and use actual color names to explain the following color harmonies: Monochromatic, Analogous, Triadic, Complementary, Split Complementary, and Polychromatic.

38. Please diagram and explain the difference between disbudding and pinching.

39. Please explain the difference between a warm and a cool color, and how colors can influence our feelings.