Exam - Neurophysiology Vetenskapen psykologi, Tl, PS3100, VT 2016, 2016-03-24 Provkod: 0370

Youwill have several tasks dur'ing thisexam. l.

On e typ e of task is represented

py multiple~cQoice questions.For ALL t hese questions, t here is

on ly one correct answeL In order.to mark yollr choice, circle the letter cor~~sponding to the correct choice onthe exam sheefyou havereceived. 2. The seeond task is represented by essay-type questions. These questions need to be answered in developed and coherent phrases (i. e., no single words or bullet-points with syntagms). When asked to draw repr"e~entations of e.lements of tbe nervous s stem, please dO so, as it w il co3htribute to the'g1a"de. In ordet ta answerth~Se question

ase use the special exa

provided by the examiners. You can have with you the following materials: and Swedish-English

s.

You can write either in Swedish, or in English, as you prefer, but try to be consistent in using one or another of the languages. Try to read all the questions before you start answering. Allocate time to each of t~~Q1 - Do try to answe~ all the points, as they beafdifferent weight in your final grade. Be copdse in your answers. Please keep

in

the language professional the writtenexam. Donodddress the evaillatar in thetext of the exarn at ~ny moment, and please do not sign yourself or give any other have 3h for this ~xam, so useJ hem wisely~ :. Each correct answer on the multiple-choice gives you 0.16 points percorrect answer, for the essay-type questions yo"uwill receive l point for every correctlyfiJifilled task.

These are the multiple-choice questions:

l. What part of the central nervous system is presented in the picture below: a.

Medulla;

b. Hippocampus; c.

Amygdala.

2. The central nervous system is camposed of: a. 5pine, hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain; b. The four lobes of the cortex: frontal parietal, occipital and temporal; c.

The cell bodies of the neurons;

d. Pons, medulla, cerebellum, and the cerebrum. 3. Which ph rase regarding the Purkinje cells 15 NOT TRUE: a. These cells are som e of the largest neurons in the human bra in with a camplex dendritic arbor; b. These cells can be found in the cerebellum; c.

The cerebellum is formed by the Purkinje cells;

d. The Purkinje cells are GABAergic neurons {GABA is a neurotransmitter). 4. Which of the following statements regarding the interneurans 15 TRUE: a.

Interneurans are neurons without a specific function other than to connect other neurons.;

b. lnternetJrons are making the connection between the sensory and the motor fiber at the level of the grey matter in the spinal cord; c.

Interneurans are the neurons connecting the central nervous system with the peripheral nervous system?

5. The role of the hypothalamus is: a. To keep us awake, sleep or when we pay attention; b. To coordinate our moves and balance; c. To mediate the input from sensory organs to the brain; d. To regulate our motivation, emotions, needs satisfaction. 6. Which phrase describing the neurotransmitters 15 NOT TRUE: a. Neurotransmitters can be found only in the nervous system; b. Certain neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, can stimu late muscles;

c. The neurotransmitters are secreted by glands in the brain. 7. Which of the next structures IS NOT a part of the central nervous system: a. Thalamus and hypothalamus; b. Limbic system; c. Sympathetic nervous system; d. Spinal cord? 8. Which part of the neuronal activity cycle is represented on the next picture: a. The action potential; b. The resting potential; c. The refractory period.

9. Which of the following statements about the amygdala IS TRUE: a. Without the amygdala, we would not be able to establish any emotional memories; b. The amygdala is the most important system in the fight-or-flight situations; c. The amygdala controls the functions of hypothalamus? 10. Which of the following statements about the cerebral cortex IS TRUE: a. The cerebral cortex is present only in humans; b. The cerebral cortex has an important role in keeping us awake; c. The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal. 11. Which of the following statements regarding the pituitary gland IS TRUE: a. The pituitary gland has an anterior and a posterior lobe;

b. The pituitary gland produces the stress hormone; c. The pituitary gland is located outside the Central Nervous System. 12. What is neuroplasticity: a. The ability of the neurons to heal; b. The ability of neurons to change in structure and function; c. The ability of neurons to multiply? 13. Corpus callosum is: a. A structure at the base of the brain Iinking the central nervous system with the peripheral nervous system; b. A structure similar to a bridge that acts as a communication Ii nk between the two hemispheres of the brain;

c. A structure connecting the sensory and the motor neurons in the nervous system. 14. What part of the brain will activate when a person learns a new movement (e.g., dance, ski, etc.): a. The cerebellum, as the most important aspect is balance and coordination; b. Both cerebellum and the cortical area corresponding to motricity and learning, as planning, integrating and learning are as importantas keeping balance; c. Both cerebellum and the spine, as next to balance, having good reflexes is important for performing new sets of moves. 15. Which statement regarding the seratonin IS TRUE: a. Seratonin is secreted by the neurons in the central nervous system; b. Seratonin is synthetized almost entirely in the intestine {90%), and only partially in the central nervous system; c.

Seratonin has a localized role in the brain, thus hasnolink to the autonomic nervous system.

16. Which of the following statements regarding the myelin sheath IS TRUE? a. The myelin sheath insulates the axons, allowing electrical impulses pass through faster; b. The myelin sheath is produced by the Schwann cells; c.

Humans are barn with all axons myelinated.

17. The action potential in a neuron refers to:

a. The expulsion from the axon of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions, sothat the axon reaches an interna! voltage of -70 millivolts; b. A change in electrical charge in the synaptic space, allowing the messages to be carried from one neuron to another; c.

An electrical shift of lessthan a milliseeond in the axon of the neuron from -70 millivolts to +40 millivolts.

18. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in: a.

Relaxing the body after intense activity;

b. Arousal due to objective threats; c.

Arousal due to either objective or subjective threats.

19. Which of the following statements regarding the midbrain it IS NOT TRUE: a. The midbrain has an important relay function between the lower parts of the central nervous system and the cortical and sub-cortical structures of the forebrain; b. The most im portant part of the midbrain is the reticular formation; c.

The midbrain is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.

20. Which of the following statements IS TRUE: a.

We use 10% of our brainat any given time, although we might have different parts of the bra in activated;

b. A person can survive and function without parts of the cortex, b ut would be completely impaired if the hindbrain is affected;

c. Men and women have structural differences in the bra in, due to the presence of sex hormones. 21. Which of the following statements IS TRUE: a.

In an inhibitory synapse, the neurotransmitters bind to the receptors of the postsynaptic neuron and allow the flow of positivelv charged sodium ions (Na+) in the receiving neuron;

b. In an inhibitory synapse, the neurotransmitters bind to the receptors of the postsynaptic neuron and allow the flow of negativelv charged ions (CI-) in the receiving neuron; c.

A neuron is either having inhibitory synapses, or excitatory synapses, not both.

22. Which of the following statements IS TRUE: a. Seratonin is related to the reward system; b. Seratonin is invalved in the regulation of mood; c. Seratonin can be found bothin the Central Nervous System, and in the Peripheral Nervous System. 23. Which of the following statements IS TRUE regarding subcortical structures: a. The hypothalamus is invalved in the processing of sensorial information; b. The hippocampus is im portant in making the cortex aware of dangers; c.

The thalamus actsFke a router for sensorial information, sending in to the appropriate cortical structure for processing.

24. The brain and spinal cord are protected from mechanical chock via: a. A set of membranes called neurites; b. A set of three membranes: du ra mater, arachnoid mater and pi a mater; c.

The brain-blood barrier.

25. The difference between neurotransmitters and hormones is mainly given by: a.

Where in the body they are produced, whether in the brain or outside the brain;

b. The speed of action, reach, way of propagation, and duration of effect; c.

The fact that, while the neurotransmitters can influence the bra in, the hormones can not.

These are the essay-type questions (4 points):

l. Draw and describe the difference between sensory and motor nerves (focusing on their functions will help you). (lp)

2.

Draw and describe the components of the synapse and their roles. (lp)

3. Draw the parts of the hindbrain, and describe their functions. (lp)

4. Choose one (on ly one) of the components of the forebrain (whether cortica l or subcortical), draw them, and describe their functions. (lp)

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If you .answer dorrectly to all the .que~tions, you wi/l get a total points. You need to reach 4.50 pointsin order to get a G, and7.25 points fo l answers at any of the exam G. Excep questions wi/1 be rewarded with 0.50 points. Use yqqrlogic to er the questions, and do not ear and cqncise overcomplicate the thinking process. For the essq~ctype quest1 answers, but try to avoid bullet-points when exp/Ciining your logtc.