EXPLAINING RIO DE JANEIRO EXPLICANDO HABITATIONAL POLICY O CAMPO DE GOLFE OLÍMPICO

As in: www.entendahabitacaonorio.com.br 08/06/2015

PEF-0013-15B-LVR-210X297-CAPA-INGLES.indd 1

09/09/15 15:27

Contents INTRODUCTION: Rio de Janeiro Habitational Policy, its targets and macro numbers. 1) HOUSING FOR THOSE WHO NEED THEM, IN AREAS CONTAINING INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES 2) BETTER-INTEGRATED CITY: A CITY FOR ALL 3) RECOVERY OF DEGRADED AREAS 4) UNITING RIO BY THE MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION, ELIMINATING BOUNDARIES, REDUCING DISTANCES AND SAVING CARIOCA’S TIME 5) REAL ESTATE VALUATION 6) EXPLAINING EXPROPRIATION, RESETTLEMENT AND REMOVAL 7) REDUCING EXPROPRIATIONS IN EXPRESS CORRIDORS WORKS 8) SAVING LIVES, LESSONS FROM A TRAGEDY: MAPPING, CONTENTION, PREVENTION, MONITORING 9) RESETTLEMENT: ONLY AS THE LAST CASE AND PRIORITIZING VULNERABLE POPULATIONS 10) POLICY FOR SLUM DWELLERS REMOVAL USED IN THE PAST 11) EMBLEMATIC CASES IN RIO 12) LOCATION OF THE NEW HEALTH, EDUCATION AND HOUSING UNITS IN RIO 13) RESETTLEMENT UNDER DWELLERS STANDPOINT 14) ATTACHMENTS (*all documents mentioned in the report)

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INTRODUCTION: Habitational Policy in Rio, its targets and macro numbers

Long-term habitational policies are a need for all metropoles, and involve actions from the creation of financing conditions to soil occupation planning, taking into consideration the urban expansion trends and the need to respect the environment. In Rio de Janeiro, the expansion of “favelas” (slums) has been occurring for more than one century, and the omission of public policies and government actions, has led to a double challenge: to expedite the production of houses to supply the habitational deficit of a quickly developing city while offering services and quality of life to around 1.4 million people living in communities, at places where they chose to live. Since 2009, the city of Rio strongly faces the need for the creation of habitational units in a large scale and aims to increase the offer of public services for the more needing parcels of the population. This publication was issued aiming to show the ways covered by the City Government to reach such targets and clear eventual misconceptions on the information on the part of the public power actions.

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On the pages of this report it will be possible to note that, in order to equate housing demands existing for decades, the municipal administration became a pioneer in the use of the program named Minha Casa, Minha Vida (My House, My Life), which aims to promote the construction and acquisition of housing for families earning up to R$ 5 thousand, with a priority to the less favored ones. It will also be possible to note that the program’s resources, combined with heavy investments in infrastructure, transportation, education and health have been guaranteeing the creation of condominiums and enterprises offering all the basic services for their inhabitants.

The report will also show that the City Hall, when executing its public actions, has always had as a target to cause minimum changes to the city inhabitants’ routines, and this includes keeping people on the places they chose to live. In this sense, it believes that real estate expropriation and families’ resettlement should only occur as the last case, and always having as its main focus the safety of the dwellers or the imperious public need. Different from what is generally, in a mistaken manner, disclosed on the matter, resettlement and expropriations in Rio, in the last years, have had no relation to the big events the city has been holding, such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games. The only exception is the case of Vila Autodromo, where families _ most of them living in precarious conditions _ were resettled to allow the opening of access roads to the Olympic Park. Those families were relocated to a condominium 1.5 kilometers away, in the same district where the community is inserted. Additionally, part of the resettled families had to leave not due to the construction works, but because they irregularly occupied the banks of Jacarepaguá Lagoon and of the area’s rivers - an environmental protection area. No other resettlement process ongoing in 3

the city today has any connection with the sports installations built for the Olympic Games. The resettlement of families, as can be noted in this document, occurs mainly to guarantee the physical integrity of the population submitted to some type of land sliding risk, areas subject to floods and houses in precarious conditions, whether due to insalubrity or ruins. In the case of families eventually reallocated due to construction works the reason was the reurbanization of the communities where they live, such as in the case of interventions arising from the Morar Carioca program, and to allow the constructions of the BRTs express corridors, works that will directly serve the Games, but are, most of all, important legacies for Rio’s population, integrating the poorer areas of the city, where inhabitants daily depend on public transportation In addition, in the case of expropriation and resettlements, they follow procedures established under the correspondent legislation, about which we present a short explanation as to how the process operates: In the case of a real estate expropriation, which occurs in formal areas, such expropriation is based on the 1988 Federal Constitution, in its article 5, item XXIV: “the law shall establish for expropriation in view of public need or utility, or due to social interest, by means of a fair and previous indemnification in cash”. Expropriation due to public utility is also governed by federal decree no. 3.365/1941, which established the limits of this instrument. In the process of family resettlement in informal areas, which includes the transition to a new house, such families are assisted by the Municipal Habitational Secretariat (Secretaria Municipal de Habitação (SMH)). The procedures are available in a municipal decree that clearly disposes on the guideline to reach the lowest possible number of houses, indicating habitational solutions, preferably in the community itself. The resettlement of families is performed through instruments for the direct transfer to an apartment of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida program, for indemnification or for assisted acquisition of a new house. The Municipality of Rio de Janeiro does not use the removal instrument, under which the families are removed from the house under revel and transition conditions are not organized for them. This report will also show that, in the search for a more integrated and fair city, Rio has been heavily investing in regions in most need of infrastructure and services, providing the urbanistic and social rescue in dozen of districts and in large public areas which, although bearing infrastructure, went through decades of abandonment. We list below, by subject, the main conquers to be shown under this report.: 4

MINHA CASA MINHA VIDA

The City Administration has as its target to reach 100 thousand new residences until the year of 2016. From this total, 76.332 units have had construction contracted for May 2015, being 35.023 units for families earning revenues of up to R$ 1.6 thousand (a segment concentrating more than 90% of the habitational deficit in the municipality). These numbers include units for resettled families and for those chosen at random. The other units are aimed for families in other income ranges. RESETTLEMENTS

Between 2009 and 2015, 22.059 families were resettled in Rio, all of them are already living in new houses. From such total, a great majority _ 15.937 families, or 72,2% _ 5

left their previous homes due to being subject to some type of risk: danger of landslides, for being on river banks (subject to flooding), or due to being living in extremely precarious conditions (in houses subject to ruin and insalubrious ones). 3.997 other families were reallocated so that improvements are made in the communities where they live, by means of the Morar Carioca program, such as urbanization of public streets; installation of new water, sewage and drainage nets, creation of leisure and acquaintanceship areas, and construction of Health and Education installations, such as Family Clinics and Child Development Spaces (Espaços de Desenvolvimento Infantil (EDIs)). The great majority stayed in their communities of origin. A group of 2.125 families (only 9,6% of the total) was resettled due to mobility and infrastructure works, which brought collective benefits, especially for those living in the North and West zones of Rio. From the total of 22.059 resettled families, 16.309 families were redirected to Minha Casa Minha Vida and other enterprises, and 5.750 other families received houses from Morar Carioca, were indemnified, or chose assisted acquisition for other real estates. FAMILIES LEAVING IN RISKY AREAS BENEFITED BY SLOPES CONTENTION WORKS After the 2010 rains, Geo-Rio conducted an unprecedented survey on the city’s risky areas. The mapping identified 196 communities in Maciço da Tijuca and Serra da Misericórdia, being that 117 locations had high slope sliding risk. The survey showed that such danger reached 29.536 homes. The municipality aims to preserve lives, interfering the least possible in people’s routines. Resettlement is the last resource. Then, the mapping has led to a series of contention works and, since 2011, 5.583 families stopped living under a risky situation without having to leave their homes, as the stabilizing interferences by Geo-Rio took the slopes sliding risk away. 2. 239 other families under slope sliding risk had to be resettled to other locations by the Municipal Habitational Secretariat (SMH), in cases where stabilizing works would not be sufficient to solve the problem. Adding these resettled families to the families benefited by the stabilizing works, a total of 7.822 families were rescued from the risk of being subject to slope sliding hazard in the city since 2011. 6

What the Rio City Hall wants is that, by 2016, there is no one living in slope sliding risk areas. This administration invested R$ 540 million in slope contention works. The municipality has another R$ 220 million guaranteed for such work.

WHERE THE RESETTLED FAMILIES ARE TAKEN TO (WHERE MCMVS ARE LOCATED) Whenever resettling is necessary, the City Administration always prioritizes reallocation of families in places near their homes of origin, or in areas bearing infrastructure. From the 16.309 families resettled in Minha Casa Minha Vida units, around half the families were directed to habitational projects in the North Zone, Downtown area and Jacarepaguá (West Zone): 5.876 families (36%) were placed in 7

habitational condominiums in districts like Triagem (Bairro Carioca), Ramos, Bonsucesso, Mangueira and Barros Filho – and also in the condominiums Zé Ketti and Ismael Silva, in Estácio; and a group of 1.831 families (11%) now live in housesin Jacarepaguá, as is the case of the families that lived in Vila Autódromo, resettled to Parque Carioca, located 1,5 km away from the original community. The other half (8.602 families) was reallocated to places in the West Zone, many of them served by Transoeste BRT and having new Health and Education installations inaugurated by the City Administration. The concern in having infrastructure around the habitational condominiums is constant. Around 80% of the new health and educational units created since 2009 are exactly in the North and West zones, near the habitational units. Still, aiming to guarantee the best pieces of land for the construction of the new habitational units, the City Administration stipulated, by means of a decree, that, in the case of the West Zone, the areas to be considered adequate for the approval of social interest enterprises are those within a radius of up to 1.500 meters from train stations, Transoeste BRT, and on the sides of Avenida Brasil, besides those of the main avenues and roads of the region. The clear object is to grant inhabitants the adequate conditions by living in areas bearing transportation infrastructure. Social Rent: Additionally to the already completed resettling operations, 3.691 families are under the social rental regimen, waiting for the completion of the Minha Casa Minha Vida construction works. Many of them used to live in eminent risk situations. The time in which a family is under the social rental varies on a case-by-case basis. The City Administration presently spends R$ 1,476,400.00, monthly in social rental. FORMAL EXPROPRIATION The public authority has prioritized, whenever possible, to make changes in the projects in order to reduce the quantity of expropriations. This occurred with the fundamental infrastructure works for a better road integration in the city and its development: in Transcarioca (Barra da Tijuca - Ilha do Governador), Transoeste (Barra da Tijuca - Santa Cruz / Campo Grande) and Transolímpica (Barra da Tijuca -Deodoro) projects. Adaptations were made to the plan, and with such changes, 1.852 real estates were expropriated, among commercial and residential units, while the initial provision was of 4.758 expropriations.

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INVESTMENTS IN DEPRIVED AREAS (Prioritizing North and West zones) The City Administration is investing 2/3 of all its resources in regions that are more deprived in terms of infrastructure and services and, thus, in the need for public intervention. According to the Rio Administration budget established for the 20132016 Strategic Planning - R$ 38, 6 billion in four years - 70%, or R$ 27 billion are concentrated in actions and works in the Planning Areas (APs) 3 (North Zone) and 5 (West Zone), with a population of 4.104.921 people, 65% of Rio de Janeiro population, according to the 2010 Census. Other 15% shall be invested in Planning Area 1 (Downtown), 10% in AP4 (Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá) and 5% in AP2 (South Zone and Tijuca). Morar Carioca: Urbanization of all the communities until 2020, with investments in the range of R$ 8.5 billion. During the first phase, from 2010 to 2013, investment was of R$ 2.1 billion, with 306 thousand inhabitants benefited in 69 communities. The second phase, from 2014 to 2016, is presently urbanizing and transforming lives in 124 communities, with 328.800 inhabitants contemplated and R$ 2,65 billion invested in construction works and social programs. The third and last phase shall reach 436 thousand people, and occur from 2017 to 2020, with a R$ 3,75 billion investment.

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Bairro Maravilha: An investment of R$ 1,9 billion in urbanistic interventions (illumination, paving, arborization and squares recovery) on 3.118 public sites in 57 districts in the North and West zones, including resources from Paving PAC, by the Federal Government, in the West Zone.

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West Zone Sanitation: To finish with the sanitary deficit in Rio, the Municipal Sanitation Plan intends to enlarge sewage treatment coverage on Planning Area 5, which includes 21 West Zone districts, 48% of the Rio territory, reaching 1.7 million inhabitants, a part of population with the predominance of families earning an average income of R$ 1.4 thousand, according to the 2010 IBGE Census. The City Administration conducted a bid for the concession of the service. The company Foz Água 5 was the winner in 2012, to operate the system for 30 years. In exchange it will have to invest R$ 2.6 billion in the construction of 10 new sewage treatment stations, 2.100 kilometers of collecting net, 142 elevation units and approximately 600 thousand residential sewage connections. All this work aims to reach 90% sewage collection coverage in the area during the concession period and treatment of 100% of the collected sewage. During the first phase of the job, until 2017, R$ 640 million must be invested in 10 of the most populous districts in AP5. These districts are part of the hydrographic basins of the Marangá and Sarapuí rivers, which flow into Guanabara Bay. The target on the first phase is to increase the basic sanitation coverage from 5% to 31,35%, benefiting around 545 thousand people, that is, approximately six times more that the treatment index at AP 5. Adding up such indexes to other ongoing projects conducted by the City Administration in the area, such as Morar Carioca and 11

Bairro Maravilha, the prevision is that the basic sanitation coverage will reach 55% in 2017.

Transportation: By the end of 2016, the City Administration shall have invested R$ 10.5 billion in transportation works in the city, in an eight- year management. From such total, R$ 9.1 billion shall be used in the expansion of the high capacity transportation net: it provides for the construction of four Bus Rapid Transit corridors and the implementation of a Light Rail Vehicle (VLT). There will be 155 kilometers of new BRT corridors. Transoeste and Transcarioca, which connect the North and West zones to Barra da Tijuca, are completed. Transolímpica shall be delivered in 2016, closing the second connection with the West Zone and is presently under implementation, Transbrasil shall be completed in 2017, connecting the North and West zones to the Downtown area. The full system shall transport 1.4 million people per day. The VLT shall cover 28 kilometers and have the lines inaugurated in 2016. Expectation is that these new modals will cause the use of mass transportation together with the trains, subway and boats - to go from 18% to 63% of the population. The remaining R$ 1.4 billion shall be used in other transportation works, such as the duplication of Elevado das Bandeiras, the implementation of bicycle paths and the enlarging of the Praça Quinze underground passage. Health: In the eight-year management period, the municipal health net shall increase 83% in the quantity of units and attendance to the population. In 2008, there were 190 units, counting health centers, polyclinics and hospitals. In 2015, this number increased to 284 units. The prevision is that in 2016 this number will reach 347 units. 12

77 Family Clinics were built in 47 districts, being 33 of them in the North Zone and 34 others in the West Zone, correcting a deficiency of decades in the region. Until the end of 2016, 63 other Family Clinics will be built in the entire city. The number of Hospital Attendance units also increased, from 26 to 49, between 2009 and 2013. Until 2016, the Family Health Program (Programa de Saúde da Família) coverage in all the Rio de Janeiro territory shall reach 70%. Today, the index raised from 3,5% to 47,9%. In 2008, 329 thousand Rio citizens were registered in the program, a number that increased to 3 million in 2015 and, at the end of 2016, shall reach around 4,4 million people.

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Education: By the end of 2016, the Rio de Janeiro City Administration shall have built 331 new teaching units (between schools and Child Development Spaces (Espaços de Desenvolvimento Infantil - EDIs)), an investment of R$ 3.4 billion in a period of eight years. For comparison purposes, ex-governor Leonel Brizola, who administered the State of Rio twice, in the 1980s and 1990s, built 101 Public Education Integrated Centers (Cieps) in the city of Rio de Janeiro. From the 331 new units, 136 are being created by the School Factory (Fábrica de Escolas) program, named after the exgovernor, wich represents an investment of R$ 1.8 billion. The great majority of the new units - 255 of them or 77% - was built or will be built in the North and West zones. The least favored communities were also privileged: the ones that received the Pacifying Police Units (Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPPs)) will have received 95 units in the eight-year management period. The municipal net is developing to have, in 2016, 35% of the students (227 thousand children and teenagers) in full time regimen, with seven hour classes shifts and higher number of classes of Portuguese, Math and Sciences. Until 2014, 20% of the net already worked under such system, which brings advantages for teaching and broadens students’ horizons. The target is to develop to universalization between 2017 and 2020.

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1) HOMES FOR THOSE WHO NEED THEM, IN AREAS BEARING INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES Since 2009, the City Administration pursues the target to promote an inclusive habitational policy in the municipality, taking into consideration the offer of homes, especially for those living in areas that are extremely poor, precarious and risky. When searching for such inclusion, the City Hall does it in a global manner, worried not only about the production of decent housing, with basic infrastructure and services, but also being certain of their mobility, facilitating access to work and to other areas. The current Rio City Administration invests in a consistent manner, using planning and vision of the future, to construct, after a delay of decades, a more uniform city, capable of integrating all inhabitants, without making any distinction.

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With this focus in mind, the city authority worked towards the construction of a legal system and a planning structure to use to the maximum the opportunities of the Federal program Minha Casa Minha Vida (complementary Law no. 97/2009, Law no. 5.065/2009 and law no. 5.066/2009). The need to have the benefits offered by the Union reach the city’s low income families has led to a quick planning, allowing the program requirements to be fulfilled in an expedite manner, by conceiving and performing the construction of housing in the North and West zones and in the Downtown area of Rio. The city was the first in the country to adhere to the Federal program, and has the ambitious targets of ending the year of 2016 with 100 thousand houses contracted from the program, thus helping to reduce its historical habitational deficit, which for decades had been reflected in the disorderly occupation of its territory and in the expansion of slums.

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To this effort for the production of housing in a large scale was added the decision to improve the urbanization and the availability of public services in the most disfavored communities in Rio. To construct a city that is fair for all, the City Administration started the largest slum urbanization program in the history of the country, the Morar Carioca program. The project was born as a challenge to urbanize, until 2020, all the city’s communities, investing around R$ 8.5 billion. The project goes beyond the promotion or urbanization of streets and creation of leisure areas; it aims the aggregating of a range of improvements in Health, Education and other basic public services, taking citizenship and dignity to a significant parcel of 1.4 million inhabitants still living in a precarious manner.

The wish for the inclusion and development goes through other projects of the present management. Such mood also moves the Bairro Maravilha project, for urban requalification of large districts that have insufficient infrastructure, such as those of the West Zone, and those that for decades suffered an economic emptying and increase in violence, like the suburb districts. The project shall have invested approximately R$ 1,9 billion until 2016 in urbanistic interventions (illumination, paving, afforestation and squares recovery) on 3.118 public sites in 57 districts.

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The City Administration also pursues the promotion of integration when it invests in the production of housing in the regions bearing infrastructure, but which, due to economic and social conjunctures, showed urban emptiness (abandoned buildings and pieces of land), such as the Port Area and the surrounding Downtown districts. In this sense, it incentivizes the construction of residential enterprises and offers attractive legislation for new housing within the Porto Maravilha Urban Operation, the largest urban requalification project in Brazil, which will invest R$ 8 billion (in private resources by means of Public–Private partnership) in works and services and transform a perimeter of five million square meters at the Port Zone, with new streets, avenues and tunnels, renewal of public services and re-urbanization of three large communities in the area: Providência, Conceição and Pinto hills. The project will totally change this region where the city started its development and that, during the last decades, due to abandonment, has been suffering with the diminishing number of inhabitants.

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To get this initiative out of the drawing board, the City Administration had a specific legislation (complementary law no. 101/2009) approved by the city councilors, establishing the urbanistic parameters for the region, regulating the creation of Construction Additional Potential Certificates (Cepacs) and defining the set of works to be conducted in the area. It is through the sale of the Cepacs for private investors that the city is obtaining the resources to revitalize the whole region without using public funds. The City Administration has also approved a set of laws granting fiscal and tax incentives (law no. 5.128/2009 and law no. 5.780/2014) to stimulate the production of residences in the area. This movement inverts a logic that persisted for decades in Rio, when the public power prohibited the construction of housing in the Downtown area, in the 1970s, (Decree no. 322/1976, which regulates the Municipal Construction Code). Besides producing quality housing in large scale for the poorer ones, urbanizing communities and districts and granting incentives for the construction of residential enterprises in places where an infrastructure already exists, the City Administration invests heavily, since 2009, in urban mobility projects that represent benefits to be extended for the next decades and to grant a better quality of life for millions of Cariocas. It was fundamental to shorten the distances within the city, which has a considerable territorial extension and a topography that makes traffic difficult, with 19

three mountain chains and lagoons. The City Administration then made the decision to organize all the city urban transportation system, prioritizing the quickest and cheaper solutions to be adopted in order to promote, for the first time, a total integration of all the transportation modals. The flagship product in this organization, at municipal level, is the Bus Rapid Transit System, the BRTs. By the end of 2016, the municipal administration shall have built 155 kilometers of BRT corridors. The total system capacity shall be the transportation of 1.4 million passengers/day. Two BRTs (Transoeste and Transcarioca) are already in operation. Transolímpica shall start operations in 2016 and Transbrasil in 2017. With the completion of line 4 of the Subway, which goes to Barra da Tijuca, and the Light Rail Vehicle (VLT) implementation in the Downtown area, the expectation is that the use of mass transportation - together with the trains, subway and fairies - will go from 18% to 63% of the city population.

Bringing down borders and shortening distances and displacement times, the corridors’ projects also include the three first tunnels cutting Maciço da Pedra Branca, a mountain in the West Zone: one of them is the Grota Funda Tunnel, in the Transoeste corridor, and the other two are on Transolímpica, with construction still ongoing. With these interventions, it will finally be possible to eliminate the West Zone road isolation, which imposed to inhabitants long displacement periods – a loss of time and resources for the city’s economics. 20

Until the beginning of the present management, Rio counted on around 20 tunnels carved in Maciço da Tijuca. In the eight-year period management, the City Administration shall have excavated 12 tunnels and underground passages. Additionally to the three tunnels in the West Zone, the municipality shall have, in 2016, four other tunnels in the Porto Maravilha region, one in Joá (connecting Elevado do Joá to Ponte da Joatinga) and one at Pepino (connecting São Conrado Viaduct to Elevado do Joá). In addition, three underground passages were built in the Transcarioca corridor, one in Campinho and two at Barra. The change to the high capacity transportation net, which combines exclusive corridors for articulated buses, VLT, trains, fairies and subway (including the expansion), will cause 107 of the 160 districts of the city to be included in the area covered by mass transportation modals. Around 2.5 million inhabitants shall have lines and stations of this category located up to 500 meters from their residences. This priority granted by the public authority for those who need it most shall be clear in the report below.

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2) WELL INTEGRATED CITY: A CITY FOR ALL By going deep in the construction of housing for the population living in the most precarious manner, in the advance of the mass transportation net and in the enlargement of urbanization and basic Health, Education and Sanitation services, the city looks for the integration of its inhabitants and of all its territory. This effort for a fair and cohesive city is reflected in the figures of investments and funding: the city is presently investing 2/3 of all its resources in the regions in greater need for infrastructure and services and, therefore, in the need for a public intervention. Out of the entire budget on the 2013 – 2019 Strategic Planning for the City Administration - R$ 38, 6 billion in four years - 70%, or R$ 27 billion, will be concentrated in works performed in Planning Areas (APs) 3 (North Zone) and 5 (West Zone), with a population of 4.104.921 people, 65% of Rio’s population, according to the 2010 Census. Other 15% will be invested in Planning Area 1 (Downtown), 10% in AP4 (Barra and Jacarepaguá) and 5% in AP2 (South Zone and Grande Tijuca). The search for a more integrated and fair city will be shown below with details of projects on Housing, Sanitation, Health and Education works.

2.1) MINHA CASA, MINHA VIDA – THE HOUSING ENTRANCE DOOR FOR THE LEAST FAVORED FAMILIES

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As of 2009, the municipal administration started a concentrated effort to solve old housing demands, which set Rio as a pioneer in the use of resources arising from the Minha Casa, Minha Vida program, sponsored by the Federal government, aiming to promote the construction and acquisition of housing titles for low income families. Using the maximum potential of the program, the construction of 76.332 units was hired to be completed until May 2015 – an investment that will change the lives of an expressive number of inhabitants, impacting the quality of life in the districts and promoting great improvements, which will be directly reflected in the future of the city. Almost half (35.023 units) the constructions will go to families with an income of up to R$ 1.600,00 (a segment that concentrates more than 90% of the habitational deficit identified in the municipality), figures including units for resettled families and for those drawn by lot. The other units will benefit families with monthly income of R$ 1.600,01 to R$ 5.000,00. 12.469 units were contracted for families with income from1.600,01 to R$ 3.275,00; 23.995 houses for families with monthly incomes from 3.275,01 to R$ 5.000,00. Additionally to these, 2.540 other units were taken by individuals and 2.305 by legal entities that obtain financing directly from the financing agent. The City Administration target is to close the year of 2016 with contracts for 100 thousand units. The Minha Casa, Minha Vida homes built in the North and West zones and in the Downtown area are planned for the families to have, besides a home, close Health and Education services, such as Family Clinics, schools and EDIs. The chosen areas also contain leisure options and access to high capacity transportation, among which the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems, bus corridors connected to trains, buses, subways and boats. To expedite delivery and to reduce costs in the construction of social interest housing, the City Administration exempted these constructions from the Tax on Services (ISS) and the Real Estate Transfer Tax (ITBI), applicable on all real estate transaction in the whole city (Law no. 5.065/2009), and IPTU, in the case of enterprises built on Planning Area 3 (North Zone) and 1 (Downtown) (Law no. 5.066/2009). For as families victimized by rains, or living in risk areas, the municipality started bearing the financial 23

counterpart that should be borne by the families. Such procedure turned Rio into the major partner of the Federal government in the program, and expedited the production of houses in the city for those who need them most. (Decree no. 39.729, which authorized financial help for the payment of residential real estate financing agreements aimed for the low-income population.) 2.1.1) BAIRRO CARIOCA – A CASE OF SUCCESS

Among the Minha Casa Minha Vida projects, one in special is a symbol of the improvements the City Administration aims to conduct in the habitational enterprises being constructed. A 155 thousand square meters area, which used to be occupied by the installations of the concessionaire Light, is today an example of what can be done when the habitational policy gathers planning and efficient management of resources. In an area in Downtown near the Triagem subway station, served by 14 bus lines to all the regions, the City Administration inaugurated Bairro Carioca in July 2012. The project became the address of around 10 thousand people occupying the 2.240 units with two bedrooms, living room, kitchen, bathroom, service area and access to a parking space and green area with 450 trees. The site is inhabited mainly by families coming from slope sliding risk areas.

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The enterprise became a model for the Minha Casa Minha Vida program and is considered a national reference for popular habitational projects, as it delivers quality basic services located near the apartments. The City Administration created, in Bairro Carioca, a Child Development Space (Espaço de Desenvolvimento Infantil (EDI)), a unit that aggregates nursery activities and child education classes in a high quality structure, to satisfy the wishes of the mothers who need to work. The families also count on a school equipped with lab, auditorium and library. At the site there is also a Knowledge Ship (Nave do Conhecimento), a reference for technical studies and contact with new technologies, which target is to have teen agers to get acquaintance with new careers in the work market, a family clinic and a popular market. 2.2) MORAR CARIOCA – ALL COMMUNITIES IN RIO URBANIZED UNTIL 2020

To have less assisted historical areas effectively integrated to the city, taking citizenship and dignity to a significant part of the population still living in precarious manners, the City Administration organized, in 2010, the largest slum urbanization program in the history of the country, Morar Carioca, aiming to urbanize, until 2020, all the city communities, where 1,4 million people live. With investments in the range of R$ 8,5 billion, the program takes into consideration not only the need for works and services, but a whole set of actions to take citizenship and dignity to the families. Such actions contemplate improvements such as water, sewage and drainage nets, illumination, paving and slopes contention, besides landscaping, health, education, 25

culture and leisure facilities. For Morar Carioca first phase, from 2010 to 2013, the investment was of R$ 2,1 billion, with 306 thousand inhabitants benefited in 69 communities. In the second phase, from 2014 to 2016, the City Administration is urbanizing and transforming the lives in 124 communities, 328.800 inhabitants contemplated by the investment of R$ 2,65 billion in works and social programs. Among the benefitted areas are included communities in Santa Teresa, Rio Comprido, Benfica, Botafogo, Copacabana, Vidigal, Gávea, Vila Isabel, Engenho Novo, Brás de Pina, Cordovil, Vigário Geral, Pavuna, Praça Seca, Tanque, Senador Camará, Santíssimo and Bangu. The third and last phase shall reach 436 thousand people, and shall be implemented from 2017 to 2020, with R$ 3,75 billion investments. Morar Carioca also searches the solution for a sensible situation for inhabitants, which is the land regularization of housing, a need for those who must produce evidence of residence in several cases in life, like to obtain credit and in to look for a job The volume and reach of the delivery of property titles by Morar Carioca had never occurred before in Rio. From 2009 to 2014, 1.102 property titles were issued and 7.314 land lots were made regular. For comparison purposes, from 1994 to 2008, the municipality of Rio issued only 137 property titles in communities. This in addition to the documents delivered to make the families’ situation regular in 55 communities. 2.3) RIO + SOCIAL - PARTNERSHIPS IN COMMUNITIES The Rio City Administration multiplies its capacity by acting in partnership with the State Government, helping in the pacification program, taking services, education, leisure and works to the communities with Pacifying Police Units (UPPs). Through the Rio+Social program, the municipality has invested, between 2009 and 2014, R$ 1,8 billion to benefit around 180 mil people in 208 communities, in the 30 areas having UPPs. R$ 900 million will be invested until 2016. The program reaches from small communities to large complexes, such as the Penha Complex, where actions reached 42,4 thousand inhabitants, and the Alemão Complex, where 54 thousand people were included in the program. Resources were applied in actions aiming Education, Health, Urbanization, slope sliding contention and geological risks prevention, implementation of public equipment and maintenance of services 26

such as illumination and garbage collection. These areas received the construction of Children Development Spaces (EdIs), municipal schools, health units, Olympic villages, arenas and cultural tents, squares and Knowledge Ships (Naves do Conhecimento). The improvements promoted in territories having UPPs satisfy the needs of a great part of the inhabitants in deprived areas. The 208 places contemplated until 2014 comprise 39% of all the communities’ population in Rio. The investment cycle in pacified areas shall be intensified. Until 2016, the Rio City Administration shall invest other R$ 900 million in projects, including the implementation of new schools and reform of existing units, besides urbanization works. The City Administration indicators in these areas show that the investments in Education and Health have brought results. The main performance indicator in Brazil, the Basic Education Development Index (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB)) in communities covered by Rio+Social recorded an evolution above the average in the rest of the city. The 2011 IDEB for the second segment (from the 6 th to the 9th grades) showed a 38,7% growth in relation to 2009 (the test is conducted every two years): in those regions the index went from 3,1 to 4,3. The evolution in the entire city was of 22,2%, going from 3,6, in 2009, to 4,4, in 2011. Strong evolution was shown in the elementary grades (1st to 5th grades). The grade in pacified areas was 4,8 in 2009 and went up to 5,2 in 2011, an 8,3% evolution. The global performance in the entire city increased 5,9%, going from 5,1 in 2009 to 5,4 in 2011. Rio+Social Health investment started showing improvement in a continuous and expedite manner in the needy areas. The communities included in the program are above the rest of the city in the Family Health coverage: while the city as a whole advanced from 3% in 2008 to 44,2% in 2014, with a target to reach 70% in 2016, the pacified areas reached a coverage of 73% in 2014.

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2.4) BAIRRO MARAVILHA – URBANIZATION RECOVERY IN MORE THAN THREE THOUSAND STREETS IN THE NORTH AND WEST ZONES

Created aiming to recover streets in the Suburbs and in the West Zone, Bairro Maravilha has as its priority to contemplate secondary roads, the ones which only the people living in the region have the need to use. With a R$ 1,9 billion budget, it shall grant a new look, until 2016, to 3.118 public sites in these two areas, recovering an urbanistic liability maintained for decades, in lack of attention by the former municipality managements. With this program, thousands of streets in the North and West zones are receiving new drainage of pluvial waters and quality paving. Sidewalks are being requalified with the implementation of access ramps and large arborization. 2.5) SANITATION IN THE WEST ZONE – GETTING RID OF RIO’s SANITARY DESERT Rio City Administration has been investing in sanitation infrastructure on a significant part of its territory, which has always been, historically, excluded from the sewage service. The municipal Sanitation Plan intends to increase the adequate sewage coverage in Planning Area 5, which includes 21 districts in the West Zone, 48% of Rio’s territory, where 1,7 million inhabitants live a part of the population with the predominance of low income families, with an average income of R$ 1,4 thousand, 28

according to IBGE 2010 Census. The City Administration conducted a bidding process for the concession of the service. The company Foz Água 5 was chosen in 2012 to operate the system for 30 years. In counterpart, it will have to invest R$ 2,6 billion in the construction of 10 new sewage treatment stations, 2.100 kilometers of collecting net, 142 pumping stations and approximately 600 thousand residential sewage connections. All this work aims to reach 90% sewage collection coverage in the area during the concession period and to treat 100% of the collected sewage. During the first phase of the work, until 2017, R$ 640 million will be invested in the 10 districts with the largest populations in AP5 (Deodoro, Campo dos Afonsos, Jardim Sulacap, Vila Militar, Padre Miguel, Gericinó, Realengo, Magalhães Bastos, Bangu and Senador Camará). These districts integrate the Marangá and Sarapuí hydrographic basins, which flow into Guanabara Bay, thus directly contributing today to its pollution. The target is to increase basic sanitation coverage from 5% to 31,35%, benefiting around 545 thousand people, that is, approximately 6 times the AP 5 treatment index. Adding these indexes to other City Administration ongoing projects in the area, such as Morar Carioca and Bairro Maravilha, the forecast is for the basic sanitation coverage to reach 55% in 2017. The project modeled by the City Administration is presently the largest sanitation concession in the country and the one with the highest social impact developed by BNDES. Until 2016, the target is to reduce in 30% the sewage flown into Guanabara Bay and in 70% the flow into Sepetiba Bay, the area to where the West Zone lagoon system flows.

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2.6) MORE FULL-TIME SCHOOLS

By the end of 2016, the present management of the City Administration will have built 331 new teaching units (among schools and Children Development Spaces - EDIs), a R$ 30

3,4 billion investment within an eight-year term. For comparison purposes, exgovernor Leonel Brizola, who administered Rio de Janeiro State twice, in the 1980s and1990s, built 101 Public Education Integrated Centers (Cieps) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from a total of 500 in the whole state. From the 331 new units, 136 are being created by the School Factory (Fábrica de Escolas) program, named after the exgovernor. The great majority of the new units - 255 of them or 77% - were built in the North and West zones. The neediest communities were privileged: those containing Pacifying Police Units (UPPs) shall have received 95 units in an eight-year management period.

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The Rio de Janeiro municipality educational policy aims at the future of little Cariocas, with targets that take into consideration changes to be made until 2020. The municipal education network advances to reach, in 2016, 35% of the students (227 thousand children and teenagers) studying full-time, in seven hours shifts plus classes of Portuguese, Math and Sciences. Until 2014, 20% of the net already worked under this system, which brings gains for the teaching and enlarges students’ horizons. The target is to advance to universalization between 2017 and 2020. Additionally to being enlarged to hold more and more children and teenagers, the Rio educational net is also being reorganized, with the units divided into three segments, one for Children Education and two for Elementary Schools, representing three stages in the lives of the students: EDIs, covering nursery activities and kindergarten; Carioca Elementary School (with classes for the 1st to the 6th grade); and Carioca Junior High School (with classes for the 7th to the 9th grade).

2.7) EXPANDING BASIC HEALTH ATTENTION Access to a working Health net is fundamental to improve people’s lives. Rio City Administration has not saved efforts in this sense – doing more for those who need more. The present management considers the need of each district and region, correcting historical injustices, like the extreme need of Health coverage in great part of the West Zone and in poor communities all over town. In an eight-year management period, the municipal Health net will jump 83% in the quantity of units attending the population. In 2008, there were 190 units, among health centers, polyclinics and hospitals. In 2015, this number went up to 284 units. The forecast is that in 2016 the net shall reach 347 units. 32

Under this expansion, the poorer areas were given priority in actions. From the 77 Family Clinics built so far in 47 districts, in the present management, 33 of them were located in the North Zone and 34 others in the West Zone, correcting decades old deficiency in the region. Until the end of 2016, 63 other Family Clinics shall be built in the city. Family Clinics cover all the phases of inhabitants’ lives. They work as reference centers for the population’s wellbeing, with multidisciplinary teams acting in the health units and homes through the Family Health program. The number of Hospital Attention units has risen from 26 to 49, between 2009 and 2013. From the total of 23 new units built, 14 Emergency Care Units (UPAs - Unidades de Pronto Atendimento) were constructed in needy districts and communities, especially in the North and West zones (Alemão, Manguinhos, Engenho de Dentro, Madureira, Costa Barros, Rocha Miranda, Cidade de Deus, Vila Kennedy, Senador Camará, Magalhães Bastos, Sepetiba, Santa Cruz, Paciência and Rocinha). Out of the four new hospitals in the net, one of them, Mariska Ribeiro Maternity House, was built in Bangu. In addition, Municipal Hospital Pedro II, in Santa Cruz, was also completely reformed. Santa Cruz also received one of the five new Regional Emergency Coordination units, created in the present management.

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FAMILY CLINICS PER REGION (TOTAL OF 77 UNITS) DOWNTOWN: 3 - Catumbi; Gamboa and Mangueira. SOUTH ZONE: 4 - Cantagalo/Pavão-Pavãozinho; Rocinha (2); Santa Marta. NORTH ZONE: 33 - Manguinhos; Alemão (3); Maré/Bonsucesso; Vila Cruzeiro/Penha; Ilha do Governador (2); Penha Circular; Brás de Pina; Parada de Lucas; Tomás Coelho; Engenho Novo; Pilares; Rocha; Sampaio; Jacarezinho; Del Castilho (2); Engenho da Rainha; Triagem; Guadalupe (2); Anchieta; Pavuna (2); Acari; Vila Kosmos; Campinho; Marechal Hermes (2); Quintino and Vila Isabel. WEST ZONE: 34 - Realengo (5); Senador Camará; Bangu (3); Padre Miguel; Guaratiba (3); Pedra de Guaratiba (2); Campo Grande (2); Inhoaíba (2); Santíssimo; Paciência (3); Santa Cruz (8); Sepetiba (2); Senador Vasconcelos. WEST ZONE – BARRA/JACAREPAGUÁ: 3 - Jacarepaguá (2); Vargem Grande. Another target of the present management is to arrive to the end of 2016 reaching a 70% coverage by the Family Health Program in the entire Rio de Janeiro territory. A challenge that the municipality is already facing, going from a 3,5% coverage index in January 2009 to 47,9% in March 2015, The program’s coverage advance is even bigger in priority areas. For Planning Area 5 (West Zone), Family Health coverage reaches 97% in Santa Cruz and its surrounding, 67,04% in Bangu and 66,7% in Campo Grande. In Planning Area 3 (North Zone), coverage in the Leopoldina region reaches 54%, in Méier area it reaches 48% and in Madureira and surroundings, 43,55%. Some communities in Rio reached 100% coverage, such as Batan, Borel, Chapéu Mangueira/Babilônia, Formiga, Jacarezinho, Macacos, Manguinhos, Pavão-Pavãozinho/ Cantagalo, Rocinha, Santa Marta and Tabajaras/Cabritos. In 2008, 329 thousand Cariocas were registered in the program and this number went up to more than 3 million in 2015 and, by the end of 2016, it shall reach around 4,4 million people. To face such challenge, the number of Family Health teams went up from 63 (in 2008) to 890 teams (in March 2015) and shall reach 1.345 teams. Another initiative of large impact for women in the neediest areas is the program named Carioca Stork. During the first three years of operation, it has benefitted 121 34

thousand mothers entering one of the municipal basic attendance units for prenatal care. There, from the beginning of pregnancy, they are informed as to the reference maternity hospital for delivery and receive all the medical care. They also receive a layette for the baby. Operating under a 24 hours regimen, the system counts on staffs including nurses-obstetricians and full access to the patients’ medical history. Twelve ambulances work exclusively on the transportation of pregnant women to the hospitals at the time of delivery.

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3) RECOVERY OF DEGRADED AREAS Concerns on the recovery of degraded areas, giving them back not only the urbanistic force, but encouraging their use and attracting new businesses and housing, is the target of the current Rio City Administration. Three projects in special are considered as symbolic anchors of this search for the retaking of abandoned public urban spaces, whether as a place for housing, work or even leisure. We detail below the Porto Maravilha project, for the revitalization of the Port Zone, and the works at Madureira Park and Deodoro X-Park, which aim the recovery of three large areas in the city, which are direct victims of the consequences from socio-economic emptying and decades of lack of public investments by other city managements. 3.1) PORTO MARAVILHA – NEW HOUSING, COMMERCIAL PLACES, TUNNELS, AVENUES AND SERVICES AT THE CRADLE OF RIO

The Porto Maravilha project, in the Port Zone, is a separate chapter in the city transformation process. It is also emblematic in the changes being conducted all over Rio. The largest urban reform project in the country (performed with private resources obtained by means of a Public-Private Partnership), it integrates the full traffic logistic’s change in the region – with the dismantling of the Perimetral Overpass and the construction of new tunnels and avenues, and the implementation of the Light Rail Vehicle (VLT) – a deep renewal and revaluation of the Port Zone, an area where Rio started to develop and that was abandoned for decades.

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The initiative has the challenge of revitalizing the area where the city started and developed, and wherefrom it expanded, the initiative of bringing it the future, socialeconomic development and modernity, while it rescues and valorizes the historical and cultural heritage. To obtain legal support for the project, the City Administration approved Municipal Complementary Law no. 101/2009. And, to manage and inspect all the operation, the City Administration organized the Urban Development Company of the Rio de Janeiro Port Region (Companhia de Desenvolvimento Urbano da Região do Porto do Rio de Janeiro (Cdurp)). Porto Novo Concessionaire was hired, by means of a PPP to perform the works and render municipal public services until 2026.

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The PPP provides for the requalification of a five million square meters area, transforming the Port Zone into a strategic residential, cultural, business and touristic hub. R$ 8 billion will be invested in works and municipal public services. The project includes the construction and restauration of 70 kilometers of roads, re-urbanization of 650 thousand meters sidewalks and the implementation or reconstruction of 700 kilometers of new water and sewage nets, drainage, electrical energy, gas, public illumination and telecommunications nets. Fifteen thousand trees shall also be planted. The project includes a more sustainable mobility concept, valuating pedestrians, cyclists and integrated public transportation, with special highlights to the LRV. The Perimetral Overpass was demolished and shall give raise to a public park, 3.450 meters in extension. The viaduct was substituted by 4.764 kilometers of tunnels – including the longest urban road tunnel in the city, on the Express Road, 2,7 kilometers long. Besides the creation of exclusive zones for pedestrians, the use of bicycles will be encouraged with the implementation of 17 kilometers of cycle paths. One of Porto Maravilha’s objectives is to make the area more attractive, not only for commercial enterprises, but specially for housing. The residential impact foreseen will be a large one: in 2009 there were 22 thousand inhabitants in the area and the forecast is that in 2019 such number will reach 100 thousand. 3.1.1) Expediting the production of houses The legislation creating Porto Maravilha provided for incentives to the construction of houses. However, in 2012, the City Administration approved Law no. 5.546 instituting remission and amnesty for tax credits (IPTU, ISS and Garbage Collection Fee) for entrepreneurs opting to invest in constructions in the area, including homes. Two years later, to expedite the production of housing enterprises in the port area, the City Administration approved Complementary Law no. 143/2014, granting building incentives for the production of new homes and the counterclaim or the use of the existing buildings for residential buildings in the Area of Special Public Urbanistic Interest (Área de Especial Interesse Urbanístico – AEIU) of the Rio de Janeiro Port Region. It also approved Law no 5.780/2014, which instituted incentives and tax benefits for the production of habitational units in the area. 38

To satisfy the existing and the future habitational demand, the City Administration issued, in May, Decree no. 40.140/2015, creating a Work Group to conceive the Porto Maravilha Social Interest Habitational Plan (Plano de Habitação de Interesse Social do Porto Maravilha (PHIS-Porto)). The group is formed by technicians from Cdurp, Urbanism and Habitation secretariats, as well as Pereira Passos Institute and Rio World Heritage Site (Rio Patrimônio da Humanidade (IRPH)). The project contemplates a qualification study and qualification of the demand for housing in the urban operation area – prioritizing social interest homes; survey of areas and real estates available for such purpose; actions and strategies for habitational units in variable formats and in sufficient number to satisfy the passive and projected demand; measures to provide for the permanence of low income population in the area; and commitments, responsibilities and term for the implementation of the actions. 3.1.2) Works performed without public funds It is important to point out that despite being the largest ongoing urban reform project in the country, the Porto Maravilha works will not be paid with municipality money. The resources for the infrastructure and municipal public services works in the 5 million square meters come from investors constructing new enterprises at Porto Maravilha. To finance the project without encumbering the public coffers, the City Administration raised the construction potential for real estates in some areas of the port region (increase in the quantity of square meters that can be constructed on certain terrains), which varies in view of the address. Those interested in exploring such potential must buy the Construction Addition Potential Certificates (Certificados de Potencial Adicional de Construção (Cepacs)), titles used to finance urban operations to recover degraded areas in the cities. All the amounts collected with the sale of Cepacs must be invested in the region requalification. 3.1.3) Investment in architectonic and cultural heritage Complementary Law no. 101/2009 reserves a minimum percentage of 3% (the equivalent to R$ 105 million) from the amount collected from the Cepacs negotiations for heritage recovery. The counterpart may be used in projects in the Special Urbanistic Interest Area (Área de Especial Interesse Urbanístico (AEIU)) at the Port, which includes the Cultural Environment Protection Area (Área de Proteção ao Ambiente Cultural (Apac)) of Sagas, instituted by Law no. 971, dated May 4 1987 and regulated by Decree no. 7.351, dated January 14 1988. This way, the Porto Maravilha Urban Operation (Operação Urbana Porto Maravilha) reserves part of the resources 39

for the valuation of the material and immaterial heritage in the Special Urbanistic Interest Area at the Rio de Janeiro Port Region, investing in the recovery of architectonic, historical and cultural relevance buildings and support to cultural institutions and activities aiming preservation of the local heritage. Part of the Port works has already been delivered and they have changed the region scenario. This is the case of Valongo Quay, Valongo Hanging Garden and the Empress Quay archeological treasures returned to the city. These two sites are part of a historical and archeologic circuit that brings to memory the African heritage in Rio. Part of this area are also the Pretos Novos Cemetery, Largo do Depósito and Pedra do Sal, cradle of the carioca samba.

Revitalization facilitated, in 2013, three years before the Olympic Games, the opening of the Rio Art Museum (Museu de Arte do Rio (MAR)), a space dedicated to art and culture, and holder of the most important international prize in architecture, Architizer A+ Awards. In 2015, bending over the Guanabara Bay, will be operating Museum of Tomorrow (Museu do Amanhã), dedicated to Sciences, a sustainable and futuristic project signed by the awarded Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. 3.1.4) Urbanization of the most ancient communities in Rio Porto Maravilha includes investments in the recovery of three communities that are among the most ancient in Rio: the hills of Providência, Pinto and Conceição.

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At Providência, the works were performed in the Morar Carioca program and included the installation of a Family Clinic and a Children Development Space (Espaço de Desenvolvimento Infantil), the reform of a municipal school, the construction of a leisure area in the community and habitational units at Nabuco de Freitas Street. A cable car was installed connecting Américo Brum Square, on the top of the hill, to Central do Brasil and to Gamboa, offering comfort and accessibility to the almost five thousand local inhabitants that use it. At Morro do Pinto, one of the benefits was the construction of a water reservoir to serve all the Port Zone demand. On the reservoir slab was built the Machado de Assis Park, a 21,8 thousand square meters leisure area offering the inhabitants a multisport court and a small soccer field, toys, third age gym, pergola, community barbecue, picnic space, two gazebos and restrooms.

Morro da Conceição, at Saúde, was benefitted by the first phase of Porto Maravilha. A set of 26 alleys, narrow streets, lanes and hillsides of this corner wedged downtown received a new drainage net and the sidewalks were recovered and adorned with gardens. In addition, works were performed for slope contention in critical spots. Part of the historical monuments in the area, such as the old Guard House (Casa da Guarda) and the Public Urinals were restored in accordance with the original drawings. 41

3.2) MADUREIRA PARK– AN URBAN PARK IN THE “HEART” OF RIO Inaugurated in June 2012, Madureira Park changed the Rio de Janeiro suburb and attracts Cariocas from all areas. In an area that used to be degraded, where electric energy transmission towers were located, in the heart of Madureira – one of the most traditional districts in the North Zone with very low vegetal coverage indexes –, the City Administration created a new and important leisure area, which helped in the urbanistic recovery of the region and in the rescue of its inhabitants’ self-esteem. People going to the park find a space equipped with multisport courts, table tennis equipment, cycle path, the best skate path in the country, Fernando Torres Carioca Arena, Praça do Samba and the Knowledge Ship. A green scenario having over 1.500 trees, artificial lakes and gardens, where the inhabitants may walk, run and ride bicycles. The park is contemplated with a waterfall, the hit of the leisure area, named Madureira Beach. The park is being enlarged and will triple its size, going from 1.3 to 4.5 kilometers in extension, reaching the side of Avenida Brasil. This way, inhabitants from eight other districts may use the leisure area (Turiaçu, Oswaldo Cruz, Rocha Miranda, Bento Ribeiro, Honório Gurgel, Marechal Hermes, Coelho Neto and Guadalupe). The 42

expansion will include a vegetable garden, gardening school, gazebo, half pipe like skate lane, cycle path and multisport courts, two tennis courses and third age gym academy. To reinforce the cultural imprint of the complex an amphitheater will be built, as well as an art shed for displays. As part of the project, a small bus terminal will be implemented near Viaduto dos Italianos. The park will have an artificial ski slope, with boards that can be rented at the site and a “beach” with palm trees, coconut trees and waterfalls. As it was built in a then degraded area and due to the positive impact it has generated in its neighboring, Madureira Park is a symbol of what the city wants with the changes being implemented by the Rio Administration. It was not without a reason that the place chosen to hold the largest symbol for the Olympic Games, the five rings representing the union of the five continents and symbolizing the competition. Weighing around four tons, 25 meters long and 12 meters high, the Olympic rings were installed near the complex cascade. Donated by the United Kingdom, which held the 2012 Games, the rings decorated the Tyne Bridge, in Newcastle. During the Rio 2016 Games, Madureira Park will be one of the three spaces organized by the City Administration to receive free broadcast of the competitions on a large screen. 3.3) DEODORO X- PARK

When getting ready for the Olympic Games, Rio made it a goal to increase the legacy 43

the sports event could bring to a populous region, but in the need for services, infrastructure and leisure areas: Deodoro district, in the West Zone. The choice of the region as one of the Olympic clusters was not at random. The objective was to reach, with the games, a series of benefits for the area, helping to promote its development. The inclusion of Deodoro in the Olympic Project will be translated in several road and sanitation works, as well as in new leisure and entertainment options for the inhabitants. The Deodoro Sports Complex is being constructed in the district, and during the Games it will host 11 Olympic modalities and four Paralympic ones. After the Olympic Games, part of the complex where BMX and slalon canoeing will be held will be transformed into the Deodoro X-Park (Parque Radical de Deodoro), a 500 thousand square meters space that will be the second largest leisure area in the city, only smaller than Parque do Flamengo. More than being the stage for the Olympic competitions, the park will be an important legacy for the population, especially for the West Zone, a region with few leisure spaces for the inhabitants. The creation of the Park reinforces the City Hall’s guideline to pay special attention to those living around the worksites; in the case of Deodoro, in particular the children and teenagers, the park’s target public. The urban area around the X-Park was not forgotten. The City Administration is investing in the enlargement of sewage treatment and collection in the district, included in the scope of a larger Sanitation project for the West Zone, which, in a first phase, provides for the full attendance of this area. Improvements are also being made to the urban dominium of the district. In this case, the works contemplate revitalization of part of Avenida Brasil, from Arapuã and Tenente Serafim Streets and Avenida Marechal Alencastro, in the Bairro-Maravilha model. Smooth asphalt will also be implemented in several streets, benefiting an area of 382.948 square meters in the region. Investment will be in the order of R$ 51.9 million and works are foreseen to be completed in the first quarter in 2016.

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4) UNITING RIO BY TRANSPORTATION – REMOVING BORDERS, SHORTENING DISTANCES AND SAVING CARIOCAS’ TIME

Since 2009, the Rio City Administration has been investing in the reorganization of the way Rio inhabitants and visitors move around the territory. The large volume of investments in urban mobility has as object to increase and grant comfort in high capacity transportation, with more efficient and long lasting results for the population. This perspective creates a vicious cycle for all the citizens, by reducing traffic jams, shortening traveling time and, mainly, aligning the transportation policy to the city growth vectors, as well as integrating districts and connecting regions that were previously precariously attended . All the efforts turned to a new model of road network where the city will be fully interconnected, facilitating and expediting displacements and breaking old geographic borders. Additionally to the implementation of a modern integrated high capacity transportation system, with Bus Rapid Transit (BRTs) corridors and the Light Rail Vehicle (Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos (VLT)), the interventions - budgeted in R$ 10,5 billion in eight years

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include broadening avenues, constructing viaducts and

performing road works, such as the enlargement of Praça Quinze Underground 45

Passageway, duplication of Elevado das Bandeiras and the implementation of cycle paths. All this will cause 107 of the 160 city districts to be included in the area covered by mass transportation. A change to cause a great impact in the quality of life of 2,5 million inhabitants who will have this category lines and stations up to 500 meters from their homes. For decades, less than 18% of Rio population was served by high capacity transportation – trains and subway, until then. This percentage shall reach 63% in 2017 with the gradual operation of the BRTs system, LRVs and Subway Line 4, the latter performed by the State Government. The municipal administration brought to reality projects conceived in the 1960s, when the need to create radial connections was already noted, to allow displacement between the North and West zones and the downtown area. It was finally possible to eliminate the West Zone isolation, which imposed the inhabitants long displacement periods. As of the BRT Transoeste inauguration, the travelling time between Barra and Santa Cruz, which used to take 1h30, is now of 40 minutes. In 2012, Maciço da Pedra Branca mountain received its first tunnel, the Grota Funda. In 2016, at the Transolímpica inauguration, Maciço will have two other tunnels to help eliminate the road barriers. Before the present administration, around 20 city tunnels were placed in Maciço da Tijuca, which separates the North and South zones. When opting for the BRTs solution, the City Administration aimed the largest gain for the population in the shortest space of time. For comparison purposes, while in six years the State Government will construct 16 kilometers of subway lines (Line 4 expansion), the municipality shall have constructed 155 kilometers of BRT system corridors in seven years – a comparison that leaves no doubt about the quickness of the express corridors implementation. Together, the three BRTs to be operating in 2016 (Transoeste, Transcarioca and Transolímpica) shall transport around 620 thousand persons per day. The Transbrasil system, which shall be completed in 2017, will transport up to 820 thousand 46

passengers / day and increase such capacity to 1,4 million passengers / day. With a little over three years of use, and with two corridors already inaugurated (Transcarioca and Transoeste), the BRT system has been broadly approved by the 450 thousand people using it every day. Satisfaction researches conducted by Datafolha showed it is approved by 74% of users, which assigned it grade 6,9, higher that the average received by the subway (6,8), train (6,2) and conventional buses (5,7). The great advantage, for 86% of the users, is the traveling time, lasting up to 30 minutes in 59% of the cases. For only 6% of the passengers, the trip lasts over one hour. The two BRT lines already in operation are frequently used by its passengers: 70% stated they use it five or more days per week, especially to go to work (73%). In an big and urban city, the execution of a job the size of the BRTs lanes construction works requires extreme expertise by the City Administration, which applies a concentrated effort to reduce the quantity of expropriated real estates along the corridors, as we will mention further in the text of this report, under item “wiping up expropriations in corridors works”. The need for resettlement in view of the works was avoided to the maximum possible. 4.1) TRANSOESTE

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The BRTs areas was inaugurated in the city in 2012, with the connection between Barra da Tijuca and the districts of Santa Cruz and Campo Grande, a R$ 1,1 billion investment. It includes the Grota Funda Tunnel, which construction was a 60 year old request, and allowed the end of the traffic jam in the area connecting Barra de Guaratiba to Recreio dos Bandeirantes. The BRT became the quickest manner to transit in the region. The traveling time was reduced by less than half – the time then of 1h30 is now traveled in 40 minutes. The first part, between Alvorada Terminal, at Barra, and Santa Cruz, already serves 200 thousand people every day. The arrival of mass transportation benefits, for example, around 22 thousand people in the Minha Casa Minha Vida program, in 16 habitational enterprises built by the City Administration in the districts of Campo Grande, Santa Cruz, Cosmos, Guaratiba and Recreio dos Bandeirantes, regions that now have the quick traveling of BRT less than one kilometer from their front door. The last part of the work, to be delivered in 2016, will connect Alvorada Terminal to Jardim Oceânico, where there will be a connection of the BRT with Subway Line 4. Therefore, Transoeste will complete 59 kilometers of extension and 66 stations. The estimate is that during this phase the reduction in traveling time will reach 70%, serving 230 thousand passengers per day. 4.2) TRANSCARIOCA

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Second BRT inaugurated in Rio, in 2014, Transcarioca redefines the transportation modes in Rio, as it is the first transversal corridor, connecting the North and West zones, between Ilha do Governador and Barra da Tijuca. Its 39 km extension go through 27 districts, crossing the Suburbs and four large communities – among which the complexes of Penha, Alemão, Maré and Cidade de Deus. It is also the first BRT corridor in the connection with the main transportation modals, such as the SuperVia trains, at the Madureira and Olaria stations, the subway, at Vicente de Carvalho station, with Transoeste, at the Alvorada Terminal and, in the future, also with Transbrasil. The 47 stations and five Transcarioca terminals (Alvorada, Taquara, Tanque, Madureira and Fundão) benefit daily around 200 thousand passengers, who had their traveling time reduced in up to 60%. In 69% of the cases, the trips last less than 30 minutes. In its first year in operation, a research attested the success of the works: satisfaction by 82% of the users. With Transcarioca, Rio is now the first city to have high capacity transportation connected to a big airport, Tom Jobim International Airport (Galeão). To make the project feasible, the City Administration built ten viaducts, three underground passages and nine bridges – a R$ 1,7 billion investment. 4.3) TRANSOLÍMPICA

Transolímpica is part of the works foreseen for the 2016 Olympic Games. The corridor combines an exclusive road to BRT and the express road, shall have 26 kilometers in extension, connecting Barra da Tijuca to Deodoro, going through tunnels under Maciço da Pedra Branca, an investment of R$ 2,2 billion. The estimate is that around 70 49

thousand passengers will use BRT daily as of 2016. In addition, by the express road, the estimate is of a circulation of 55 thousand vehicles/day. Traveling time from one end to the other shall be reduced from 1h30 to 40 minutes. The new corridor shall have 56 bridges and viaducts, a set of works, which, on top of benefitting collective transportation, will expedite the flow of automobiles and cargo vehicles. Transolímpica shall have 22 stations and three terminals (Deodoro, Avenida Salvador Allende and Centro Olímpico). The system will connect with the SuperVia trains in Deodoro, to Transoeste, at the Salvador Allende terminal, and to Transcarioca, at the Olympic Center terminal. Works at Transolímpica include two tunnels at Serra do Engenho Velho, Maciço da Pedra Branca, a demand of more than 30 years by the region inhabitants. This new alternative shall serve to relieve traffic between Baixada de Jacarepaguá and Realengo, in the West Zone. 4.4) TRANSBRASIL

BRT Transbrasil, in its 28 km extension, will follow the same route as Avenida Brasil, the main road to arrive in the city, and important corridor connecting North and West zones to the Downtown area. The forecast is that 820 thousand passengers will be 50

served per day, being that this BRT will probably hold the greatest demand among all the already projected ones implemented in the world. Transbrasil is receiving R$ 1,4 billion investment in its first phase, a 23 kilometers segment between Deodoro (in the West Zone) and Caju, which provides for 16 BRT stations and five new viaducts. Six other viaducts and four bridges will be enlarged. The following segment, from Caju to the Downtown area, is under a project detailing phase by Companhia de Desenvolvimento Urbano da Região do Porto (Cdurp). The forecast is that Transbrasil will reduce the traffic by 1.500 vehicles in the collective transportation fleet in circulation by the roads between Deodoro and the Downtown area. Counting on two exclusive lanes each way, the system capacity will be bigger than the other corridors, and will allow a 40% reduction in traveling time between Deodoro and the Downtown area. Paving and urbanization improvement works are provided on the route, as well as enlargement of the Av. Brasil lateral lanes between Irajá and Guadalupe and road planning in the surroundings. Also part of the project are over 30 thousand square meters of bridges and viaducts. The Municipal Works Secretariat will also provide for the restoration of the drainage net along the route, with the correction of flooding points. When completed, the corridor will have 28 kilometers, 20 stations, 15 footbridges and seven terminals (Deodoro, Margaridas, Missões, Fundão, Rodoviária, Central do Brasil and Presidente Vargas), which will allow the connection to other modals, such as trains and subway, forming the complement for the completion of the city road ring. The BRT will connect the North Zone districts to the Downtown area and to the International Airport of Galeão/Tom Jobim, by means of BRT Transcarioca. Additionally, as it also connects to the Light Rail Vehicle (LRV), Transbrasil will also serve the fairies users, where a LRV station is being built. The system will also be connected to high demand corridors, such as federal roads BR-116 (Rio-São Paulo) and BR-040 (Rio-Juiz de Fora).

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4.5) LIGHT RAIL VEHICLE (LRV)

Taking into consideration a modern, more efficient and quicker version of the traditional streetcars, the LRV is being implemented in the Downtown area of Rio. Having a 28 km extension, six lines and 46 stops, among which four stations (Rodoviária, Central do Brasil, Barcas and Aeroporto Santos Dumont), the LRV will be the main means of public transportation in the area, transporting 285 thousand passengers daily, and will be integrated to the subway, metropolitan trains, fairies, BRTs, conventional bus lines and Providência Cable Car. It will also be part of the Rio tourism route, going through points of interest, such as historical buildings, squares, museums and cultural spaces in the Downtown Region of the city. The LRV will be delivered in two phases: 2015 and 2016. The R$ 1,164 billion investment in the project is formed by R$ 532 million from the Department of Cities (Ministério das Cidades) and R$ 632 million by the Rio City Administration. Construction works under the PublicPrivate Partnership regimen (PPP), with the participation of the VLT Carioca Consortium, the winner in the bid for the system’s construction and operation.

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5) REAL ESTATE VALUATION

The massive investments made since 2009 by the City Administration to revitalize degraded and needy areas have had deep reflexes in the city economics, showing that the public authority can be a powerful development inducer. One of the main consequences of the improvements made to the Rio Suburb and the West Zone districts was the valuation of these places as residential sites. Not only due to the easier access to quality transportation, such as BRTs, reducing the traveling time to other city areas. The creation of leisure areas, the enlargement of the health, education and sanitation nets, the urbanization of streets and communities, among other improvements, valuate the real estates of the persons living in the area. Secovi Rio (Rio Habitation Union) recorded this change in perception. Between January 2012 and May 2015, the square meter price for sale of residential homes in traditional districts of the North and West zones went exponentially up in relation to other districts traditionally more attractive for the real estate market, such as those in the South Zone.

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Oswaldo Cruz, with a 92,4% square meter valuation in the period, Madureira (86,7%), Vaz Lobo (85,6%), Bento Ribeiro (65,60%) and Rocha Miranda (58,7%) appear as being higher than districts like Leblon, 35,4% valuation, Ipanema (29,3%) and Lagoa, 23,9%. These districts in the North Zone have been receiving big public works, such as BRT Transcarioca and Madureira Park. Inaugurated in June 2012, the park changed the Suburb and attracts inhabitants from all areas. In a district area that used to be degraded, where the electric energy towers were located, and with a very low vegetal coverage index, the City Administration created a leisure area that helped the urbanistic recovery of the region and the rescue of its inhabitants’ self-esteem. The districts are still in the list of the Bairro Maravilha program for the urbanistic recovery of streets, with new drainage, streets paving and sidewalks, arborization and accessibility. The program target is to reach 2016 with 3.118 recovered streets in 57 districts, not only in the North Zone, but also in the West Zone.

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The Secovi survey showed that other districts served by Transcarioca had an intense valuation between January 2012 and May 2015: Penha (95,1%); Vicente de Carvalho (89,7%); Ramos (75,1%); Olaria (68,8%); Curicica (63,9%); Taquara (59,6%); Ilha do Governador (59,6%); Praça Seca (58,7%); Tanque (52,1%) and Campinho (49,9%). At Ilha do Governador, where besides being the final stop of Transcarioca, a new municipal hospital was built, Evandro Freire, there was an increase of over 60,3%. Besides the Great Madureira and the Transcarioca surroundings, the district of Bangu in the West Zone – was the great star in the period. On top of the list, the district recorded a variation of 115,2% in the value of the square meter between January 2012 and May 2015. Investments in the West Zone help explain such valuation. Bangu was directly benefitted by the inauguration of Women’ Hospital (Hospital da Mulher Mariska Ribeiro), by urbanization works under the Bairro Maravilha project, and the inauguration of new health units and schools. Taking into consideration another Secovi survey on the value of the square meter for sale in the city between January 2010 and May 2015, Bangu appears with a 187,49% valuation. In the same evaluation, the Downtown appear as the district with the highest square meter valuation for residential buildings, 231,81%. This is not by chance; there is where the biggest urban change in the city is being performed, with Porto Maravilha, the biggest Public-Private partnership in the country. The profound 55

revitalization of a degraded area, improving the life of those who live there, attracts new investments and inhabitants. It is so, that the expectation is to quadruple the number of people living in the region until 2019.

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6) EXPLAINING EXPROPRIATIONS / RESSETLEMENTS Along its transformation process, Rio has faced the challenge to implement works altering the minimum possible of its inhabitants’ routine. This includes the need for expropriation or resettling of families in the influence area of the public interventions. Further down in the report it will be shown that, in the development of the works, the government has always opted for negotiation. Before that, however, let us explain the difference between such processes, not always understood by the public in general. 6.1) EXPROPRIATION: Expropriations in formal areas are supported by the 1988 Federal Constitution, in its article 5º, item XXIV: "the law shall establish expropriation due to public need or utility, or by social interest, by means of a fair and previous cash indemnification". Expropriation due to public utility is also governed by Federal Decree no. 3.365/1941, which establishes the limits of such instrument. 6.2) RESETTLING: In the resettling of families living in informal areas, which includes the transition to a new home, they are assisted by the Municipal Habitation Secretariat (Secretaria Municipal de Habitação SMH)). The procedures are disposed under Decree no. 38.197/2013, where it is made clear, under its conditions, that the interference in the community routine shall only occur when extremely necessary. “The urbanization projects, elaborated with the intention to reach the smallest possible number of units, indicate different solutions, in accordance with the specificities of each area and privilege the use of free spaces at the site and, in the absence of such areas, the choice of the nearest possible land.” There are different forms to resettle a family: a direct transfer to an apartment of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program; Indemnification; and assisted acquisition, when the City Administration evaluates the betterments made by the family and authorizes the search for another house of the same value on a safe site. Such legislation also takes into consideration the average value of the real estate market. 6.3) REMOVAL: The City Administration does not use the removal instrument, when families are removed from their home in absentia and are not given transition conditions.

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7) REDUCING EXPROPRIATIONS IN EXPRESS CORRIDORS WORKS Additionally to the adoption of the guideline of minimum possible interference in the routine of the needy communities’ inhabitants where the work will be performed, the City Administration has taken an aptitude of dialog and flexibility in the planning of the city structuring projects. In the case of expropriations of real estates in view of the common good or the public interest, the government has prioritized, whenever possible, to make changes to the projects, in order to reduce the number of expropriations. This has occurred in infrastructure works that are fundamental for the better road integration of the city and its development: in Transcarioca projects (Barra da Tijuca - Ilha do Governador), Transoeste (Barra da Tijuca - Santa Cruz / Campo Grande), Transolimpica (Barra da Tijuca -Deodoro). Project adaptations were made so that the smallest possible number of real estates would be affected. With the changes, 1.852 real estates were expropriated, between commercial and residential ones, against the initial preview of 4.758 units.

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7.1) TRANSOESTE

The construction of the express corridor required the formal expropriation of 60 real estate units, among pieces of land and country houses. Such expropriations had been determined in previous administrations, as a preview for the construction of the Grota Funda tunnel. The current administration updated the processes and made the payment of indemnification, since the tunnel became a part of the Transoeste project. 7.2) TRANSCARIOCA The Municipal Works Secretariat (Secretaria Municipalde Obras) initially estimated that 3,600 real estates would be expropriated for the corridor implementation. Over two thousand foreseen expropriations were avoided by the adequacy of the executive project. Most real estates only suffered a partial expropriation, when only part of the land is used by the administration and the owner receives a proportional fraction of the indemnification on the area assigned. At the end of the adequacies, the number of expropriations was reduced to 1,534 real estates. The second corridor segment (Penha - Ilha do Governador) was the one suffering most changes in its original route, skipping the passage through Avenida Engenho da Pedra, 59

in Ramos. The change performed by the Municipal Works Secretariat (Secretaria Municipalde Obras) avoided 400 expropriations at the site and satisfied the need for the concession of an Installation License issued by Inea. Due to that, Transcarioca had a segment redirected to Rua Uranos (where there were 220 vacant buildings), and followed along the railroad on a viaduct, by Rua Emilio Zaluar, Avenidas dos Campeões, Postal and Teixeira de Castro to Avenida Brasil, through Avenida Brigadeiro Trompowski. 7.3) TRANSOLIMPICA The project had an original expropriation estimate of approximately 844.000 square meters of land areas and several homes. A new route reduced this area to 315.000 square meters. With the new route, the original estimate for the expropriation of 1.098 homes for the work was reduced to 258 units, which processes are all completed by the City Administration, representing savings in the order of R$ 662 million for the municipal coffers. The present value of work investment is of R$ 2 billion – taking into consideration the addition of R$ 460,5 million to the agreement for the implementation of the structures projected to reduce expropriation impacts. With the changes to the route aiming to satisfy the requests to minimize expropriation impacts on the population, it was necessary to make the following additions to the constructions scope: Places bearing relevant changes to the route: 1. Area belonging to the Brazilian Army – it was necessary to extend viaducts São Pedro de Alcântara 1 and 2, to construct a new overpass (Duque de Caxias) and to construct a bridge over Caldeireiro River. The impact that would be on 420 houses turned to be on only 10. 2. Av. Marechal Fontenelle – the route was displaced to the Military Police area to eliminate expropriations at Vila Carolina. 3. Toll Plaza – had its axis displaced, causing the creation of an underground service passage and an increase in the slope contentions performed. 60

4. Tunnel – the original route was displaced in order to avoid expropriations, responding to the Bosque da Boiúna condominium inhabitants’ request, which caused an increase in the extension of the Engenho Velho tunnel. 5. Estrada da Boiúna and Rua Ipadu – loops were included in and out the Transolimpica connection, access to Barra da Tijuca, and Estrada do Rio Grande. 6. Colônia Juliano Moreira – the route was changed as requested by the communities Arco Íris, Vale do Sapê and Antiga Creche. The original route went by the Roads Curicica, André Rocha, Guerenguê and Outeiro Santo, and required 401 formal expropriations in this region. The new route drastically reduces this number to seven units. The new route also guarantees the permanence of Municipal School Silveira Sampaio, at José Perrota Street.

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8) SAVING LIVES, THE LESSON FROM A TRAGEDY: MAPPING, CONTENTION PREVENTION, MONITORING Due to its natural characteristics – hilly landscape and intense rain in the summer – and to the previous hills’ occupation, Rio was marked by tragic events along its history. The prevention of geological risk and its consequences for the population is a priority for the City Administration. Aware of the fact that the city geography, between the mountain and the sea, does not only make its landscape unique, but it also imposes deep urbanistic and social challenges, in 2010, the City Hall asked Geo-Rio Foundation for a complete mapping of the municipality’s risky areas. The job came up after the strong rain falls in April that year, when 67 people died and 1.578 went homeless in the Capital. Rio City Administration took the initiative to produce a new document on the most vulnerable areas in the territory, containing a high number of details and technical support. The mapping identified 196 communities at Maciço da Tijuca and Serra da Misericórdia, being that 117 locations had high slope sliding risk. The work showed that 29.536 homes were directly endangered, from a number of 112.323 houses in these communities, where, according to the survey, over 380 thousand people live. Here we must mention the importance of Geo-Rio for the City Administration and for the city. A reference in the monitoring, prevention and sliding risks contention work, the institution was organized in 1966, also after a great storm, considered the largest of all times in Rio, at the time. Along decades, it consolidated its leadership in research, development of techniques and studies on soil conditions, becoming a model copied by other states. Its job in the mapping of communities was the first step for the creation of the Municipal Risk Management Plan in the City of Rio de Janeiro. The work was concentrated at Maciço da Tijuca and Serra da Misericórdia, as these are sites with a long history of problems caused by the rains. The study allowed the City Administration to start the largest geological risk prevention work package ever conducted in Rio, in a manner to protect inhabitants. 62

Interventions have been (and are still being) performed for the recovery of unstable pieces of land, always having as guideline to minimize resettlements, thus ascertaining that a lower number of families will have to leave their homes. Evacuation, only as the last possible case, occurs when stabilizing works are not sufficient to guarantee permanence of the constructions in certain sites, due to the conditions and topography of the terrains. From a total of 117 communities, where families were subject to slope sliding risk, it was detected that in 45 of them contention works would solve the problem. Others 72 would have to go through resettling.

(Before and after the Prazeres Hill contention works)

Due to the actions performed since 2011, 7.822 families are no longer subject to landslides. From such total, 5.583 families did not have to leave their homes because the stabilizing works cleared landslide risk. Other 2.239 families needed to be resettled in other sites by the Municipal Habitation Secretariat (Secretaria Municipal de Habitação (SMH)). Rio City Administration’s target is that, up to 2016, no one else will be living in areas subject to slope sliding in the city.

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(Before and after contention works - Community Joaniza, Ilha do Governador) During the current management, Rio City Administration invested R$ 540 million in slop contention works, from 2009 to the present days. In addition, the administration has another R$ 220 million already guaranteed by the Union for new interventions.

(Contains table showing the number of families leaving risk areas) Just in Rocinha, 1.738 homes stopped being vulnerable to slope sliding due to the contention works performed in 2012. In 2014, 203 other houses stopped being in unsafe locations due to interventions by Geo-Rio. Geo-Rio research on the community conditions indicated that, between the years of 1986 and 2010, 246 soil and slope sliding events had been recorded. The research also indicated that high geologic risk sectors were identified in places such as Laboriaux, Roupa Suja, Macega, Dionéia and Vila Verde.

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(Slope sliding in Laboriaux - Geo-Rio) In Vidigal, contention works protected 520 houses in 2012 and 260 others in 2014. The survey award by Geo-Rio, within the high-risk mapping, showed that, from 1986 to 2010, 164 geologic events were recorded at the site, 81% of them with stone blocks and chips, and mainly, soil sliding.

(Before and after contention Works in Rio Comprido) 65

HOW MAPPING WAS CONDUCTED

To reach the maximum detailing level, Geo-Rio mapping used topography methods utilizing high definition laser ray, processed by computer. 13 million square meters were surveyed – an area equivalent to some 1.205 soccer fields. Executive projects were detailed starting from each community characteristics. In possession of such documents, the City Administration can request emergency resources from the federal government – which is more difficult for municipalities with no technical staff and quality mapping to base engineers’ decisions.

With the data in hands, it was on Geo-Rio to define which areas could be recovered and continue to be occupied by houses, and which areas would have to go through resettling. Focus is clear: to keep inhabitants in their homes is a priority. 66

(Reproduction of part of Geo-Rio mapping in Google Earth)

8.1) ALERT AND ALARM SYSTEM – SIRENS

Population involvement and disclosure of precise information in real time are determinant for the success of the emergency actions. As of 2011, in addition to the slope contention works, the Rio City Administration - based on Geo-Rio mapping information- implemented an Alert and Alarm System formed by 165 siren sets in 103 communities, which goes off whenever the COR agents identify the need for large scale mobilization.

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The system is activated in accordance with the information processed from the meteorological analysis. The sirens are spread around the areas bearing higher mudslide risk in the city, and help community inhabitants, such as in Alemão, Borel, Formiga and Morro dos Macacos (in the North Zone), Rocinha and Vidigal (in the South Zone), Jardim do Carmo and Inácio Dias (in the West Zone) and in the Santa Teresa region. More than seven thousand volunteers take part in this program, which aims the quick mobilization in cases where it is necessary to go to sliding or flooding risk free areas. From this number, 3.745 are agents equipped with cell phones that receive text messages whenever a risk event is identified. These volunteers form the Civil Defense Communitarian Nucleus (Núcleos Comunitários de Defesa Civil (NUDECs)). The actions to minimize problems caused by storms have their efficiency evidenced on each summer. Since 2011, with the combination of mapping, slope contention works, spot resettlements and the implementation of the siren system, there has been no record of deaths caused by land sliding in the city.

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8.2) RIO OPERATIONS CENTER

The concern with the population security led the City Administration to invest in prevention technology and of quick response in disorders arising from natural disasters and demands in the daily operation of a big metropolis. The city now counts on the Rio Operations Center Centro de Operações Rio), inaugurated in 2010 to coordinate emergency actions, gather information to serve as basis for decision making and to be a reference body for authorities and population. A pioneer project in Brazil, COR is the center of the city decisions, fundamental for the daily monitoring, quick resolutions, planning for big events and forecast of extreme meteorological occurrences. Since it was inaugurated, in a modern building at Cidade Nova, COR supports managers, technicians, emergency staffs and workers in several public bodies and concessionaires. State-of-the-art technology equipment are capable of processing 120 layers of data, shown on a 46,5 square meters screen - the biggest in Latin America, formed by 80 36-inches monitors. Around 30 municipal and state bodies and concessionaires act at COR, which gathers around 400 professionals, operating in three shifts, 24 hours a day – and every day of the week. The work is helped by images captured by more than 900 cameras spread around the city.

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8.3) METEOROLOGICAL RADAR AND PLUVIOMETERS – LOOKING AT THE SKY

Rio has also ordered its own meteorological radar, which ascertains receipt of reliable information in real time, alerting population of the risk in case of rain and wind that offer risks. The equipment, installed at Sumaré in 2011, is monitored 24 hours per day by a team of meteorologists on duty at COR. With it, it is possible to monitor a 250 kilometers radius area, with precise estimate of rainfall levels, and also which city districts will be most heavily affected. The information is refined with the help of a rainfall net with more than 100 equipment spread around town. 8.4) FLOOD CONTROL – ACTIONS IN TIJUCA AND JACAREPAGUÁ Additionally to the slopes contention work to avoid land sliding, the City Administration has strived in works to minimize the flooding risks. The most eloquent example of this work is the project for the construction of five reservoirs for the control of floods in Grande Tijuca. The project target is to put an end to the history of floods in the area. The first reservoir, at Praça da Bandeira, with a capacity to hold 18 million liters of water, the equivalent to seven Olympic swimming pools, was taken out of the drawing board in 2013, minimizing the disturbances in one of the most important road axis in the city, which connects the Downtown area to the North Zone. Four other reservoirs shall receive the exceeding flows from rivers Trapicheiros, Joana, Maracanã and Jacó. With a budget of R$ 292 million, the works include the channeling of a 361 meters segment of Rio Trapicheiros, the detour of part of Maracanã river and the construction of an overflow tunnel in Joana river, which shall have an independent outflow into Guanabara Bay. Today Joana flows into Canal do Mangue.

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(Before and after the works at the Praça da Bandeira big pool) Another project in this area is the Environmental Rehabilitation in Jacarepaguá, which has been increasing the rainwater outflow, significantly reducing floods in the region and benefitting 350 thousand inhabitants. Up to this moment, the City Administration has delivered part of the environmental legacy, with the completion of the macrodrainage works in 10 rivers, from a total of 15 watercourses. The result of a partnership with the Federal Government, the macro-drainage works in Jacarepaguá involve investments in the order of R$ 369,18 million in flooding control in the region. Interventions in rivers Córrego da Panela, Itanhangá/ Amendoeira (affluent); Papagaio; São Francisco; Cachoeira; Muzema, Retiro and Sangrador have been completed. In Banca da Velha, works are in the final phase. These are interventions of essence in flooding control, with the implementation of the waterways pipeline project, drainage and environmental education actions.

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9) RESETTLEMENTS: ONLY IN THE LAST CASE AND PRIORITIZING VULNERABLE POPULATIONS Between 2009 and 2015, 22.059 families were resettled in Rio, all of them already established in the new homes. From this total, the great majority 15.937 families, or 72,2% - left their homes due to being submitted to some type of slope sliding hazard, due to being on river banks (subject to flooding), or because they were living in insalubrious conditions and in ruin likely housing. Other 3.997 other families were reallocated for improvements in their own communities, through the Morar Carioca program, such as urbanization of public roads, installation of new water, sewage and drainage nets, creation of leisure and acquaintanceship areas, and construction of Health and Education installations, such as Family Clinics and Children Development Spaces (EDIs). The great majority of families stayed in their original communities. A group of 2.125 families (9,6% of the total) was resettled in view of mobility and infrastructure works that brought collective benefits, especially for inhabitants of the North and West zones. Resettled Destination: From the total of 22.059 resettled families, 16.309 families were redirected to Minha Casa Minha Vida enterprises and 5.750 others received houses or were indemnified, or opted for the assisted acquisition of other real estates. Location of MCMV enterprises: Whenever it is necessary to perform resettlements, the City Administration grants priority to the families in places near their homes of origin or in areas bearing infrastructure. From the 16.309 families resettled in Minha Casa Minha Vida units, about half the families were sent to habitational projects in the North Zone, Downtown area and Jacarepaguá. 5.876 families (36%) stayed in habitational condominiums in districts like Triagem (Bairro Carioca), Ramos, Bonsucesso, Mangueira and Barros Filho – and also in condominiums of Zé Keti and Ismael Silva, in Estácio; and a group of 1.831 families (11%) now live in enterprises in Jacarepaguá, as is the case of Vila Autódromo inhabitants, resettled in Parque Carioca, 1,5 km away from the community of origin. The other half (8.602 families), was reallocated in enterprises at the West Zone, a great 73

many of them served by Transoeste and having new Health and Education units inaugurated by the City Administration. Concern about infrastructure in the condominiums’ surroundings is permanent. Around 80% of the new health and education units built since 2009 are located in the North and West zones, in condominiums’ surroundings. By resettling inhabitants only as the last case, prioritizing cases of protection to the population at risk and full public interest, the City Administration assumes a new position of integration of the communities to the city, reflecting a legal disposition provided under the Organic Law of the Rio de Janeiro Municipality (Lei Orgânica do Município do Rio de Janeiro). In its article 429, the Organic Law disposes that the urban development policy shall observe the precepts of "urbanization, land regularization and title granting in the slum and low income areas, without the removal of inhabitants, except when the physical conditions of the occupied area impose risk to the lives of the inhabitants ". Social Rental: Additionally to the resettling processes already completed, 3.691 families are under the social rental regimen, waiting for the delivery of the works in Minha Casa Minha Vida enterprises. Many of them lived in eminent risk conditions. The permanence time in social rental varies on a case-by-case basis. The City Administration presently spends R$ 1.476.400,00 monthly in social rental. LIVING WITH DIGNITY, TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE NEARBY The choice of the best areas to host the real estates where resettled families will live in is a concern of the government. In 2013, the City Administration approved a law with a set of conditions for the approval of new Minha Casa Minha Vida projects in the West Zone. Decree no. 36.960 stipulates the areas deemed adequate, in the region, for the implementation of social interest enterprises, in connection with the municipal, state and federal habitational policies: those within a radius of up to 1.500 meters from railway stations and to Transoeste BRT and on the marginal lane of Avenida Brasil, in addition to the main avenues and roads in the region. The clear objective is to allow the new inhabitants to have more adequate living conditions, near regions bearing transportation infrastructure, like the train and bus modals. The City Administration searches for central areas for residential enterprises, whether 74

in Minha Casa Minha Vida or other housing projects, as a manner to offer popular housing in consolidated areas in Rio. One of these cases is Porto Maravilha, that performs the revitalization of the Port Zone. In 2014, to expedite the production of residential enterprises in the area, the City Administration published a list of rules Municipal Law no. 5.780/2014 and Complementary Law no. 143/2014 - that stipulate tax and building incentives to foment the construction of residences in the Port Zone region and the conversion of the existing buildings for residential purposes. Another important initiative by the City Administration to receive inhabitants resettled from original communities in areas bearing infrastructure is Bairro Carioca, in Triagem, next to the subway and trains stations and served by 14 bus lines. The enterprise comprises schools, Children Development Spaces (Espaço de Desenvolvimento Infantil), Knowledge Ship (Nave do Conhecimento), Family Clinic, popular market and multisport gymnasium. Another Minha Casa Minha Vida enterprise built within this spirit was Parque Carioca, in Curicica, which received part of the families from Vila Autódromo.

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10) SLUMS REMOVAL POLICY OVER THE LAST YEARS The relationship of Rio de Janeiro government with the poorer areas of the city during the last century has a historical oscillation behavior: either overlooking the growth and consolidation of the unassisted areas, or making an option for destruction or removal. For sanitary and urbanistic reasons, Mayor Pereira Passos (1902-1906) put down several tenements and dislodged their dwellers during the great reform he promoted Downtown. By doing that, he started the incipient slumming process. Having nowhere to go, many dislodged families ended up increasing the population living in slums, such as those in Providência and Morro de Santo Antônio. Pereira Passos reform was not an isolated action. During the 1920s, Morro do Castelo was grounded for similar reasons and its 4,200 dwellers were displaced. Another removal process occurred between 1941 and 1943, when Mayor Henrique Dodsworth elaborated a slums sanitizing project, during the opening of Avenida Presidente Vargas. However, there was an attempt to shelter the dwellers who were left homeless. It was the first organized attempt of a habitational policy for the needy communities. Four slums were destroyed and eight thousand people were transferred to three proletarian parks, in Gávea, Praia do Pinto (Lagoa) and Caju. Shortly after, in 1948, the first official census was conducted, raising the slums’ population, which accounted for 138.837 inhabitants in 105 communities (7% of the total population of the then Federal District). The removal policy continued during this period. In the 1950s, however, a bit different experience occurred with the Cruzada São Sebastião, a housing project in Leblon, organized by Rio Archdiocese to shelter residents of the slums removed in the same area, in Praia do Pinto. The Archdiocese also performed basic services improvements in 12 slums. But this was an isolated initiative, quite criticized by the authorities. In the 1960s, jointly with the federal government, the public authority in the city of Rio de Janeiro, then the State of Guanabara, put in place a massive operation to remove all the slums in the city and transfer inhabitants to habitational units on the outskirts of 76

the city. Slums were regarded as a simply habitational matter and a problem for soil use. The target was not to integrate them to the city, but to remove the communities and send the dwellers to remote places, with no access to efficient transportation or infrastructure and adequate services, away from the sight of the rest of the society. Governor Carlos Lacerda removed 41.958 dwellers (1962-1965) from 27 areas, his successor, Negrão de Lima, removed even more: 70.595 people (1966 to1971). This represented, at the time, around 12% of these communities’ population in the entire city. Inhabitants were, in their majority, sent to housing units located in regions distant from downtown, in the North and West zones or in the outskirts, with no efficient transportation. The inhabitants of Morro do Pasmado, in Botafogo, for example, were sent to Vila Kennedy, on the side of Avenida Brasil, 50 kilometers away from the place they were before. As of 1971, CHISAM – Social Interest Habitational Coordination in the Metropolitan Area (Coordenação de Habitação de Interesse Social da Area Metropolitana), a body of the then Department of Interior, which was responsible to care of the Guanabara matters, planned to remove 92 a thousand people per year and end with all the slums until 1976. But the aggressive slum removal policy did not get near reaching its target. It did not even prevent new communities from appearing. Between 1970 and 1974, the final period of the program, the number of slums in Rio went from 162 to 283. And dwellers’ population increased 36,5%. The public authority position changed completely in the last years, with the inclusion and urbanization of the already consolidated communities. If before, the policy was of removal, now it is of integrating them to the rest of the city. This is even disposed in the law. The Organic Law for the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro (Lei Orgânica do Município do Rio de Janeiro), in its article 429, VI, says that the urban development policy shall respect the following precepts: "urbanization, land regularization and title granting of areas in slums and in low income areas, without the removal of the inhabitants". This ruled the government’s endeavors to guarantee urbanistic and services improvements for those living in communities.

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11) EMBLEMATIC CASES IN RIO In the construction of a system to have a city that is fair for all of its inhabitants – with better services, without insurmountable distance barriers, and with safer housing - , Rio faces a debate on how it has been dealing with the inhabitants of poorer communities. Different from what has been disclosed about the resettlement and expropriation processes in Rio, such reallocations have not been occurring in view of the Olympics works. In this chapter we will show, case-by-case, how we have conducted resettling in the main communities in the city. We will demonstrate, for example, that the sole community suffering impact from an Olympics work is Vila Autódromo, on the side of the Olympic Park. And, even so, only part of the families’ resettlement was done, in order to allow the opening of access roads to the park. Part of the resettlement occurred in order to guarantee the protection of the marginal strip of Jacarepaguá Lagoon (Lagoa de Jacarepaguá) and the rivers in the region – environmental protection areas. We will also evidence the change for better for the inhabitants, who left the slums in precarious conditions to live in a condominium with services. No other resettling process in course today in the city has a direct relation with the sports facilities built for the Games. The reallocation of families has occurred, most of all, to guarantee the physical integrity of the population submitted to some type of soil sliding risk, areas likely to be flooded and houses in precarious conditions of insalubrity and ruin. It is also worth mentioning that any association of the resettlements in Vila União Curicica, near Transolímpica, with the Games is an error. The BRT work, planned for decades, under the name Connection C (Ligação C), is not meant to transport athletes and sports directors, but to benefit the poorer population of that region, including the community inhabitants. The corridor will be an important legacy for those using the bus as the daily mean of transportation. Inhabitants of Magalhães Bastos, Sulacap, Curicica and other districts in the area will be able to travel the distance between the regions of Barra and Jacarepaguá and Deodoro more rapidly, eliminating the historical 78

frontier of Pedra Branca Massif through the new tunnels. 11.1) Vila Autódromo Among the commitments of the City Administration for the Olympic Games is the Olympic Park, important complex under construction in a 1,18 million square meters terrain, located where used to be the old Jacarepaguá Racetrack. The group of installations, vital for the progress of the Games, will be the stage for 16 Olympic modalities and nine Paralympic ones, and will daily receive a public estimated to be of 120 thousand persons. Considered to be the heart of the Games, the Olympic Park will host competitions of judo, basketball, tennis, cycling, swimming and water polo, among other outstanding ones. Using mainly private resources, by means of PublicPrivate partnerships, the City Administration is building new sports installations and adapting some already existing ones. Among the new equipment are the Tennis Center, Velodrome and the three Carioca Arenas, which will be permanent structures. Together with Maria Lenk Aquatic Park, the equipment will integrate the Olympic Training Center (Centro Olímpico de Treinamento (COT)), the first one in Brazil and the most modern in Latin America. COT will also have a social legacy, and may be used by students of the public schools. On the other hand, Arena of the Future (Arena do Futuro) and the Aquatic Stadium (Estádio Aquático) will have a temporary use. After the Olympics, Arena of the Future will be transformed into four municipal schools and the Aquatic Stadium will be used as sports stadium in needy areas. Although using the land of the old racetrack (Autódromo) - a public area - the project provided for the need to build several access roads to the park and to double avenues Salvador Allende and Abelardo Bueno, a roadwork of extreme importance for the region, due to the growing flow of vehicles. In view of such interventions, the resettlement of families in these places would be necessary. Besides, it would be necessary to reallocate the inhabitants located in risky areas, such as the banks of Pavuninha river, which would be channelized, and on the banks of Jacarepaguá Lagoon (Lagoa de Jacarepaguá), an area of environmental preservation. It would be necessary, then, to reallocate 344 families that were on the route of the Vila Autódromo works and 117 on the banks of Jacarepaguá Lagoon (Lagoa de 79

Jacarepaguá) and of rivers in the area, therefore, environmental protection areas. The alternative offered by the City Administration as of 2012, when dialog was opened with the inhabitants, was the resettlement in the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program at Parque Carioca, an enterprise at middle class standard, located at Estrada dos Bandeirantes, approximately one kilometer from Vila Autódromo. The condominium occupies an area of four lots and has 900 units, being that three lots contain twobedroom apartment blocks and one lot contains three-bedroom apartments, in addition to 45 units adapted for people with disabilities. It also counts on a broad green area, playground, third age gym academy, barbecue pit and swimming pool with toboggan. From the 344 families in the route of the works, 314 have already moved (217 to Parque Carioca and 97 received indemnification). From the 117 families living in environmental protection areas - on the banks of Jacarepaguá Lagoon (Lagoa de Jacarepaguá) and the area rivers - 98 have had their situation solved (36 families went to Parque Carioca and 62 received indemnification). In most cases, inhabitants left irregular constructions, in insalubrious conditions, to go to modern apartments and in the same standards of other condominiums in the region. Due to the change in the standard of life, other families that were not in the route of the works, or even on the banks of the lagoon, and for such could remain at Vila Autódromo, asked the City Administration to leave the community. Petitions were submitted asking for inclusion in the resettlement registry. A group of 145 families went to the City Administration to negotiate. From this total, 88 were resettled at Parque Carioca and 57 received indemnification. This number of families wishing to leave Vila Autódromo changes frequently; Barra borough has received inhabitants interested in moving to the new condominium. The situation of a group of 49 families still in the route of the works and on the banks of the Lagoon are under negotiation.

The first families moved to Parque Carioca in March 2014. After more than one year, according to evaluation performed by Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá borough and 80

the Municipal Habitation Secretariat (Secretaria Municipal de Habitação) – which follow up on the adaptation of the group to the site, with the guidance of social assistance -, the inhabitants are integrated and satisfied with the new housing. The City Administration has been acting in the condominium with actions by the Social Development and Health Secretariats.

(Above, one of tea houses TEA HOUSES at Vila Autódromo. Below, entrance to Parque Carioca)

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(Leisure area at Parque Carioca)

Dialog to respond to all During all the process, several meetings were held at Vila Autódromo and at the Barra and Jacarepaguá borough to clarify inhabitants’ doubts on the resettlement. Those who did not show an interest in living at the place, keeping the dialog line part of the City Administration habitational policy, was offered the option for indemnification in cash, in accordance with the betterments made to the place. 11.2) Vila União de Curicica – change on Transolímpica route to ease impact on the community Promised for decades, under the name Connection C (Ligação C), Transolímpica represents a great mobility legacy for the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, with a projection to serve around 70 thousand people per day, in the connection Recreio dos Bandeirantes-Deodoro. The route of the express corridor, 26 kilometers in extension, cuts through important districts in Rio, such as Barra, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Camorim, Curicica, Taquara, Jardim Sulacap, Magalhães Bastos, Vila Militar and Deodoro, which makes the route a new option to Yellow Line (Linha Amarela) for those living in Baixada Fluminense and around Avenida Brasil. 82

Transolímpica will also make the connection with the other BRT corridors: with Transcarioca, in Curicica; Transoeste, in Recreio dos Bandeirantes; and Transbrasil, in Deodoro. The project also provides for the duplication of important avenues, such as Avenida Salvador Allende and Avenida Abelardo Bueno, and the roads Curicica and Guerenguê, in Jacarepaguá, as well as the opening of new ways through Maciço da Pedra Branca with the construction of a tunnel with four entrances. Vila União: Knocking down rumors In Curicica, due to the geography of the region, the express corridor route would initially reach a great part of the Vila União community, formed disorderly, 25 years ago, in the limits of the roads Curicica and Calmete. At first, around 900 families would have to be resettled to allow passage to the expressway, which generated strong resistance, although the life conditions at the site were precarious. There were rumors that the resettlements would be to distant and isolated places. To clarify the project and hear the community inhabitants, the City Administration promoted a series of meetings and public hearings with the presence of Civil House, Works Secretariat and Barra borough authorities, always on large places and easily accessible for the inhabitants, such as at the Residents Association and at the court of samba school Vila União de Curicica. All the meetings had large quorum and popular participation. Opposite to the rumors, the Vila União families could initially choose between receiving indemnification for the house or a two bedrooms unit at middle class standard of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program - Colônia Juliano Moreira, located on Estrada Rodrigues Caldas, in the same region. The enterprise known as Parque Colônia was built in partnership with the Federal Government. With an investment of R$ 149 million, the City Administration is transforming the area of the old hospital into a real district, by means of the Morar Carioca Program. The site, which has the size of Copacabana, received water, sewage and drainage nets, paving, new illumination, five squares, three Children Development Spaces (Espaços de Desenvolvimento Infantil (EDI)), acquaintance center, Aged People 83

Villa and a bus terminal, among other equipment. The large Atlantic Forest area, a characteristic of the place, was preserved valuating the enterprises. Change to have less resettlement Responding to the requests of the majority of the population for the route of the express corridor in the region to be reviewed, and aiming a maximum reduction in the need for families’ reallocation, the City Hall re-studied the project and submitted to the inhabitants, in December 2014, a new route for the BRT. With the adjustment in the route, a private area at Estrada de Curicica, near Vila União, will be expropriated. Thus, the number of foreseen resettlement went down to 362 families. From this total of families, 35 moved to Parque Colônia. Other 235 were resettled in the condominium Parque Carioca, which was already attracting the attention of Vila União de Curicica inhabitants, due to the success of the enterprise among the inhabitants at the neighboring Vila Autódromo. The Barra borough received the demand from inhabitants who saw a more valuable housing in the condominium Estrada dos Bandeirantes. Other 92 families from the community opted for indemnifications. The adaptation of the inhabitants to the new addresses was followed up by the City Administration social assistants, who were available at the enterprises, and, as a routine, by the Barra and Jacarepaguá boroughs staffs.

As occurred in Vila Autódromo, around 200 people that were not part of the original resettlement registry related to Transolímpica asked to go to a Minha Casa, Minha Vida program unit, because they were initially in the route of the works, and requested the right to acquire an apartment and leave Vila União.

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(Change in Transolímpica route: in yellow the new route, the old one in pink)

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11.3) Metrô Mangueira The end of abandonment A public area disorderly occupied in the 1980s, on the side of the railroad network, and without the attention of the municipal administrations for years. To change this vulnerability scenario and offer more dignified life conditions for the inhabitants of the slum named Metrô Mangueira, in the Maracanã region, also regularizing the informal automotive trading business established in the region, the Rio City Administration opened dialog with the community in mid-2010. At the time, the need was verified to resettle 685 families living in insalubrious areas on the side of Avenida Radial Oeste and beside the railroad network, a risky and accident prone situation. Trading business, also in this area, was formed by 94 enterprises, most of them mechanical workshops and auto parts shops installed there after the invasion of the public area. Since the resettlement of families, even when they live in hazardous situation, is always a very delicate subject, many rumors use to gain strength, leading to insecurity and mobilizing inhabitants in favor of uncertain causes. In the case of Metrô Mangueira, the resettling proposal was wrongly associated to an urban redesign of the region for the FIFA World Cup, due to the proximity to Maracanã stadium. There was even a rumor saying that a parking place would be built for private cars, although the City Administration broadly invests in urban mobility projects to integrate the city with mass transportation, like the BRT express corridors. To break the resistance, the City Administration held meetings with inhabitants and retailers. Aware of the plight of dwellers to remain in the region, the City Administration then offered the enterprises Mangueira I and II, at Rua Visconde de Niterói, near the community. Resettling, in great part, to the same region In fact, the majority of inhabitants was resettled in the surroundings. From the 685 registered families, 555 stayed in the region: 246 were sent to the condominium Mangueira I, inaugurated in January 2011; 217 others, to Mangueira II, delivered in 86

December 2012; and 92 received apartments at Bairro Carioca, in Triagem. A group of 108 families, which manifested the wish not to wait for the Mangueira enterprise works, received apartments in the condominium Varese, in Cosmos, where there was the availability of immediate moving. Twenty two families received units in the condominiums Aterrado do Leme I and II, in Santa Cruz.

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According to the Municipal Habitation Secretariat, some houses that had been evacuated during the resettlement could not be 100% demolished because they are twinned with commercial shops in the ground floor, and this could harm the first floor. These houses suffered reinvasion and the City Administration opted to pay social rental for the families. At the moment, the Municipal Habitational Secretariat studies a reurbanization project for the area, with the organization of an Automotive Hub, maintaining and regulating commerce in the region.

11.4) Providência Located in an area of high historical importance, Morro da Providência – the oldest slum in Rio de Janeiro – obtained special attention with the revitalization project and the residential recovery of the Port. The Rio City Hall planned for the community a broad urbanization project using the Morar Carioca Program, which included the implementation of water, sewage and drainage nets and public illumination, and the construction of Health and Education equipment, in addition to a cable car for the transportation of inhabitants. The project required for the resettling of 760 families, including the 351 living in the region of Pedra Lisa, considered to be of high geological risk, subject to landslides. Injunction and stoppage of construction works The City Administration’s initial proposal was for the inhabitants to be reallocated to apartments under construction in Morar Carioca, at Rua Nabuco de Freitas, in Gamboa, or in habitational units in Minha Casa Minha Vida in the surroundings; or 88

indemnification for those opting for such instrument. Although the houses offered meant a new standard of life, the end of the insecurity sensation with the eminent risk of land sliding, and in areas near the community, nine families that would have to leave their homes filed an injunction request with the Public Defense and the works suffered an embargo in November 2012. The City Administration appealed, alleging that the opened worksites of the ongoing cable car construction works offered risk to the inhabitants. Despite the works stoppage, dozens of families were already under the social rental regimen, having left their original houses. Out of these, 34 families moved to the Nabuco de Freitas units; 15 to Centro I enterprise, at Rua do Livramento; six to Rua do Monte, also in Gamboa. That is, 55 families had already been resettled in enterprises near Providência. Other 85 families continue to receive social rental in Providência. They are waiting for the resettling in habitational units at Nabuco de Freitas, which are not ready yet. Such units are not in the influence area of the injunction that stopped the works in Providência. Judicially, an authorization was given to the City Administration to continue the cable car interventions. The judicial decision, still in force, prevents new resettling actions and contention works in the Pedra Lisa region, and determines the demolishing of the properties that were unoccupied. By means of Geo-Rio, the City Administration conducted a new evaluation at the site, this time to classify the houses as medium or high-risk constructions. It was found that 74 of them were in the emergency level: 51 in Pedra Lisa and 23 at the location named 60. The City Administration, however, is still prohibited from acting in the area.

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(Photos of buildings at Pedra Lisa)

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(Images of Providência cable car and part of the real estates built at Rua Nabuco de Freitas, at the community’s bottom) Information channel Along all the process, the City Administration promoted several actions to try to break inhabitants’ resistance. 29 community meetings were held, with a total of 635 participants and two general meeting gathering 328 people. At Providência, a public hearing was also organized to clarify doubts. 960 home visits were conducted for follow up on resettlements, remittance to the registry (Cadastro Único) and other themes. The community also received social attendance on-duty staff for information on the scope of the work and resettlements. 1.125 people were given guidelines of the project and resettlement; 2.364 information folders were distributed. In addition to the cable car, a Children Development Space (Espaço de Desenvolvimento Infantil) for 200 children was delivered to the inhabitants, a Center 91

for Work, Employment and Revenue (Centro de Trabalho, Emprego e Renda), the reform of Municipal School Francisco Benjamin Galotti, a Family Clinic, built at the Gamboa Cable Car station, with capacity to see 10 thousand inhabitants from the community and from its surroundings, and a third age gym space. 11.5) Port Zone Occupancies and Communities Recovery of Abandoned areas and habitational policy The Rio City Administration believes in a broad urbanization program to recover the residential vocation of the Port Region, where 32 thousand people live, according to the last demographic census. Abandoned for more than 40 years and having several unoccupied buildings, the region needed a habitational policy to recover degraded areas, offering people housing and services alternatives and preserving the historical heritage of the districts of Saúde and Gamboa. Always looking for dialog and understanding, resettlement actions were conducted, generating initial assistance. Some cases were fully reported, such as the negotiations with the inhabitants of an abandoned building belonging to Docas, at Avenida Francisco Bicalho. In disuse for many years, the place was improvised as residence, using wooden divisions, where the group named Quilombo das Guerreiras settled. The occupation was formed by 55 families having connections with the Center for Popular Movements (Central de Movimentos Populares (CMP)) and the National Union for Fighting for Popular Housing (União Nacional de Luta pela Moradia Popular). By means of such movements, they got to approve a popular residence project with the Department of Cities (Ministério das Cidades) under the “Minha Casa, Minha Vida Entidades” program, which includes resources and terrains at Rua da Gamboa. The Department of Cities bought two lots in the region for the implementation of such projects. In 2010, the City Administration invested R$ 500,000 – Porto Maravilha resources - to expropriate two other neighboring terrains, on the same street. Together, the four terrains would form the area necessary for the construction of a condominium with 117 habitational units for the families from Quilombo da Gamboa (Quilombo das 92

Guerreiras and other occupancies in the port area), to be built by the Federal Government. The process is now with the Municipal Urbanism Secretariat for adequacy to the municipal law. Inhabitants left the building in 2014 and now live on habitational help waiting for the transfer. Even before Quilombo das Guerreiras could be resettled, the building was invaded by a second group, named Bairro 13. At the beginning, there were 20 families, but the group ended up gathering 1.300 families. The Quilombo das Guerreiras families are receiving social rental until the MCMV Entidades enterprise is ready. For the Bairro 13 group, there were two solutions. Seven hundred families occupying the building for at least six months received social rental for five months and then were transferred to Minha Casa, Minha Vida real estates. The 600 other families, according to Cdurp, the last ones to arrive to the building, when the evacuation process was ongoing, received indemnifications. A building at Rua Machado de Assis, in Gamboa, was also irregularly occupied. Since November 2008 the building had been used as residence for about 50 families, a number that eventually reached 150 families. In an action by the Municipal Habitational Secretariat (Secretaria Municipal de Habitação), inhabitants were registered and had the option of Minha Casa, Minha Vida apartments in the West Zone, assisted acquisition of real estate in the Downtown area or in other city areas, or indemnification. At Rua do Livramento, there was a series of constructions occupied in an informal manner. 184 families were resettled: one in Bairro Carioca and 183 in Minha Casa, Minha Vida apartments in the West Zone. At the occupancy named Flor do Asfalto, at Rodrigues Alves, lived approximately 25 people. An agreement was settled for the payment of indemnifications. The amount was paid immediately after the building was released. CDURP and SMH acted together with the Union Assets Secretariat (Secretaria de Patrimônio da União) to make available a Union real estate, in Benfica, to settle the Flor do Asfalto group. Other occupation, named Zumbi dos Palmares, this at Avenida Venezuela, gathered 52 families, according to a City Administration survey. Evacuation was under negotiation 93

by SMH and by the Downtown borough from the time the survey indicated 46 resident families. All 52 families left the place with the City Administration support, being directed to Minha Casa, Minha Vida enterprises or to Bairro Carioca. There were also cases where the solution was the payment of an indemnification. 11.6) Engenhão Surroundings. Built for the 2007 Pan-American Games, João Havelange Stadium, popularly known as Engenhão, is located in Engenho de Dentro district, in the North Zone of Rio, and will host Athletics competitions during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Due to the size of the stadium and the area where it is located, in 2010, already in the current administration, the City Hall faced the need to enlarge accesses in its surroundings, where constant traffic jams took place. The City Administration then issued three decrees, listing 146 real estates that had to be expropriated, in whole or in part, for the construction of the Abolição Viaduct, to guarantee an exit from the stadium to Linha Amarela road. The number of expropriations, however, went down to less than half, with the evolution of the works: there were 65 formal expropriations at the end of the process. The other orders were revoked. The viaduct was inaugurated in December 2012. The City Administration also revoked another group of decrees providing for 129 expropriations for works around the stadium. Are not scheduled new expropriations at the Engenhão area. The works there did not require resettling of families in communities in the area. Slum Belém-Belém, neighboring to the stadium, did not suffer interventions. The Municipal Works Secretariat (Secretaria Municipal de Obras) delivered, in January 2015, the first phase of requalification works in the stadium surroundings. Since June 2014, the body is conducting the Engenhão Olympic Boulevard (Passeio Olímpico Engenhão) project, which interventions aim to adequate the district to sports events, thus ascertaining that all the improvements are reverted into legacy for Rio inhabitants. This phase benefited the streets forming the quadrangle around the stadium: Arquias Cordeiro, José dos Reis, Doutor Padilha and Rua das Oficinas, which received new 94

concrete sidewalks alternated with red interlocked tiles, curbs and gutters, as well as the implementation of infrastructure for the conversion of concessionaire’s overhead lines to underground networks. The work on Engenhão surroundings is similar to that performed around Maracanã. The urbanistic improvements guaranteed total accessibility to sidewalks by people with reduced mobility. The stadium surroundings also received a 2 km long bicycle path. The total project includes the construction of Trem Square (Praça do Trem) – with the completion foreseen for the second half of the year - and the implementation of the Bairro Maravilha program in 34 streets of Engenho de Dentro district, which completion is foreseen for December this year. SMO investment is of R$ 115,7 million. Praça do Trem

Praça do Trem shall be the main access to the João Havelange Olympic Stadium – that will host competitions during the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games. For such, the space received a project elaborated by the technical staff of Rio Humanity Heritage Institute (Instituto Rio Patrimônio da Humanidade), which target is the restoration of the group of buildings of Oficinas de Locomoção do Engenho de Dentro, listed at municipal level for the protection of historical and cultural heritage in the city of Rio de 95

Janeiro. Improvements are now ongoing. Right now, SMO is performing restoration of the administrative building and of two sheds that will integrate the future Praça do Trem. Praça do Trem will be the largest public area in the district and in the Grande Méier region (a position presently occupied by Jardim do Méier, with around 11 thousand square meters), with approximately 35 thousand square meters and is located in the surroundings of the assets listed as historical reference in the region. The place will be fully planted with trees, as 90 will be planted, observing the visibility from the listed sheds. The project provides for an accessible esplanade, obstacles-free, to facilitate circulation in the region. After 2016, it shall be used as a square, where urban equipment shall be installed to satisfy the demands of the district population, which will also be able to use the recently restored asset. The usage and utilization solutions adopted for Praça do Trem aim the requalification and connectivity strengthening between public spaces, in addition to the integration with the equipment existing in the surroundings, where the Olympic Stadium João Havelange, Municipal School Bolívar, Engenho de Dentro train station and Museu do Trem museum are located. The tread pattern will guide people’s flow at the stadium entrance and indicate circulation through historical structures. Praça do Trem will have a strategic location to guarantee easy access to several points in the city. Bairro Maravilha Norte in Engenho de Dentro As an integrating part of the requalification on Engenhão surroundings, SMO takes to Engenho de Dentro the Bairro Maravilha Norte program. In total, 34 streets adjacent to the stadium will be given a new asphaltic paving in 99,1 thousand square meters, approximately, 71,4 thousand square meters in concrete sidewalks, 2010 tree protection structures and 678 meters of new drainage net, in addition to the construction of 241 accessibility ramps. 11.7) Estradinha Botafogo (Ladeira dos Tabajaras) The community - located at Ladeira dos Tabajaras, on the part closer to Botafogo occupies an Environmental Protection Area above São João Batista Cemetery. In 2009, 96

The City Administration indicated the need for resettlement of families subject to land sliding risk and of those living on a protected area, thus allowing the recovery of the degraded green area. Around 460 families lived at the site in very precarious conditions. The community had grown disorderly along decades, away from measures by previous administrations. Estradinha inhabitants were offered options of indemnification for betterments or housing in Minha Casa Minha Vida enterprises. Meetings were held at the site and, in a case-by-case solution negotiation, and the City Administration got to solve, until 2013, the situation of 347 families. The great majority opted for indemnifications. Despite the constant conversations with the community, a judicial proceeding filed by the District Attorney interrupted the habitational policy in the community. Due to a judicial decision, the City Administration was prevented from resettling and indemnifying new inhabitants. Although considering that the legal proceeding ignores the risk to inhabitants and the imperious public need, the City Administration accepted the decision and now studies an alternative to guarantee better habitational conditions for the inhabitants.

Under the responsibility of the Municipal Habitational Secretariat and Geo-Rio Foundation, the City Administration project for Estradinha shall have two pillars: slope 97

contention and community urbanization, a R$ 16 million investment. Works shall be put on bid during the second half of the year. 11.8) Communities alongside Transoeste Transoeste was the first BRT implemented by Rio City Administration, in June 2012, representing a great evolution in the city public transportation. Totally apart from the general traffic, the dedicated corridor goes crosses the districts of Barra da Tijuca, Recreio dos Bandeirantes, Guaratiba, Campo Grande and Santa Cruz, being the three last ones some of the neediest districts in the West Zone. For those who need to move around in the region, this new form of public transportation represented a 50% reduction in travelling time. The corridor serves 200 thousand passengers per day, most of them from the West Zone of Rio. The project included the Grota Funda Tunnel, which had been a promise for decades, and the first one to cut through Maciço da Pedra Branca, breaking a historical paradigm in Rio: until that time, the city had more than 20 tunnels, all of them cutting through Maciço da Tijuca. For the construction of the express corridor, the City Administration had to resettle 644 families, most of them around Recreio dos Bandeirantes – where Avenida das Américas lanes were duplicated, maintaining the pattern of the rest of the road – and Guaratiba. Between 2010 and 2012, the City Administration conducted negotiations, on a caseby-case basis, with the inhabitants of the project influence area, showing them the importance of the road works to guarantee passengers circulation in the region and to integrate some of the poorest areas in Rio, which were historically isolated from the rest of the city. In Recreio dos Bandeirantes, it was necessary to establish a dominium lane, in addition to the enlargement of the lanes, which generated the need for specific resettling. The dominium lane guarantees space for the construction of future loops and accesses and enlargements connected with the BRT project or even the implementation of some public equipment, acquaintance area or social interest program, depending on the segment’s vocation. 98

Among the 644 resettled families, 321 opted for betterments indemnification, at market value. Other solutions were: the delivery of Minha Casa, Minha Vida apartments in the region or the acquisition of other real estate via assisted acquisition.

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12) LOCATIONS OF THE NEW HEALTH, EDUCATION AND HOUSING UNITS IN RIO To allow a more efficient visual understanding of the investments the City Administration has been applying in the areas, such as Housing, Education, Health and Transportation, a georeferenced map was elaborated showing the locations of the enterprises already inaugurated under Minha Casa Minha Vida Program, the new health units (family clinics, regional coordinations and hospitals), and the education units (schools and Children Development Spaces) already delivered, in addition to BRT corridors already implemented or being implemented. When looking at the map, it clearly shows that the MCMV houses, distributed in the Downtown area and in the North and West zones, are always surrounded by Health and Education infrastructure and located near transportation options. The services offer will increase, since the public authority still has to put to operation, until 2016, new health, education and mobility actions. The map is continuously updated.

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13) RESETTLING IN INHABITANTS’ VIEW Video: “Apartments at Babilônia, example of sustainability” (May 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5bnkINYcEQ Community: Morro da Babilônia DÉBORAH ELIZABETH – “Before, my house was very ancient, old, and we were desperate when it rained, because we were afraid the slab would fall down. My son even got bronchitis at the time, due to humidity. After we left, he recovered his health and we noticed that the problem was the house condition and the mold in it. The urbanization process here in the community was very good, not only for me, but also for many families that got apartments. When we came for the building inauguration, when we actually entered the apartment, I could not believe. I said: Guys! The building at Babilônia was built focusing on sustainability. Honestly, today what is most remarkable for me, my husband and my children is the rain. When it rains, we hear that rain so distant, and this brings us peace, as we remember the moment we went through with the loud rain sound, cracks in the house and we using cloths and squeegee. It is now easier to go to college, where I am now studying. Before, in the other house, I did not even how to plan this. Here is good to continue looking ahead and grow.”

Video: "New life in all aspects, at Colônia Juliano Moreira” (April 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfT69G4ft8s Community: Colônia Juliano Moreira

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DANIELLA RABELLO - “The house was beside the river, until the city administration resettled us. When the rain was strong, we were afraid because of the river. Will it flood? Will it not? Should we put the furniture up, or not? It was complicated. There was a tragedy in the green area, where a family died. Right after this tragedy they came, removing everybody from their homes and setting us to the social rental. Then they delivered the new houses, where I now live with my son. I left the riverbank and moved into a new house, where I did not have to pay anything for it. I soon found out that I was pregnant. It was a mix of emotions and all at once. I am on a street, right? Paved, well installed, with public illumination and I have a yard with a garage. Then, it is another quality of life for my son. The part of my house I like most is the little yard, because I play there with my son, and for him, that place is his world. I put a swimming pool, a shower, and play ball with him. New life in all aspects!”

Video: “From the risky area to the new home, at Providência” (April 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hnL7ypbN5qA Community: Morro da Providência

LUZIA PASSOS - “The house where I lived in was old and collapsed during a summer rain. At that time, I was at work, at Gamboa Olympic Village. When my daughter called, I thought a tragedy had occurred. It had all fallen, but no one was hurt. Along came this opportunity to receive social rental while the new apartment was getting ready. It was better, since I was out of paying rent. I have paid rent all my life. Now I have a nearby school for my grandson and a health center. We have quiet and calm places for the children to play. I can leave my door open. In summer, I can sleep with my door open. It was very good for me, I liked it. That is what I wanted and dreamed of when I went through here. Is that good? Yes! Do I have to complain? No! Just thank God for my health and my home. Just the fact that I no longer have to pay a rent is enough for me.”

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Video: “New Life at Parque Carioca” (April 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIQ-dMxUtgc Community: Vila Autódromo

JOANA NASCIMENTO – “I never wished to live here (at Vila Autódromo). There was no infrastructure for a person to live decently. Whenever it rained, there was flood, a lot of mosquitos, and no basic sanitation. So it is very difficult to live here. I am glad because I am heading to a better life due to environment, infrastructure, and leisure area for the children. I will need one only transportation mode to get to work. For me it will all be good. I am moved, as this is the beginning of a new life. From here on everything will be better. Now it is all joy!” LUIZ FELIPE PEREIRA – “I found this here is wonderful, totally different. Here you have everything! No power or water outage. No more mosquitos and now we can say we are living a dignified life. The swimming pool is the best thing they did here! When the sun shines and it gets hot we can go to the pool. I liked it very much!

Video: “Resettling - Turano / Bairro Carioca” (February 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YzHjq_Pd7Y SEBASTIANA DA SILVA LOPES – “There was no water, sewage and the yard was just mud. When it rained, it was a mess. A certain day there was a 103

storm and when I woke up everything was gone. Everything spoiled, got moldy, it was horrorible. Just to remember it I get moved, because it was terrible. When I arrived here (at Bairro Carioca), I told my daughter, I thing I am dreaming! I can’t even explain. When I come from work and arrive to the gate... My God! It is very gratifying. You wake up and can have a shower, use the shower and then go to the kitchen, and you can wash the dishes and clean your house. We get proud when having to sign a document and they ask what our address is, and we can answer proudly: it is a condominium, Block 1, etc... Whether we want or not, there was preconception. I wish I could live long to enjoy this. Here it is another life!”

Video: “Dona Conceição and the dream of a dignified live, out of Vila Autódromo” (February 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXaBTs9GW3c CONCEIÇÃO PINHEIRO – “All these (showing the inside part of the house at Vila Autódromo) were furniture I lost. The water took it all. For two times the floods took my documents and the other things away. I have no way to continue here in this place. Here there are many mosquitos, it is uncomfortable and is no place for us to live, and will never be. I am in a black cloud; do you know what this is? But now I am going to heaven! A dignified housing, marvelous apartment. I went there and it is all very clean, something dignifying! Dream? I am already inside there, as I have the conditions to be. I do not have conditions to stay in the filth I have been for 21 years.” NOTE: Dona Conceição has already moved to Parque Carioca, where she has lived for more than one year.

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Video: “In Vila Autódromo, expectations for a better life at Parque Carioca” (February 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Va0CuWPZKuc ALESSANDRA OLIVEIRA – “I have lived here for many years, almost 30, and I am one of the first residents, and I was part of the association. One of my ideals was not to leave here, as I liked it, I grew up here and struggled to stay. However, with the elapsing of the years I saw such struggle was unreal. I noted that we had nothing, we did not have and we would never have. We have no infrastructure and our children have no leisure. We live a suffering due to the lack of water, and when we have no power it lasts one day or one entire night. It is all very precarious and I realized I had to leave here and I inverted my struggle. We organized that protest (2013) and were very well received by the mayor. He explained us that we could not leave, as he had gone into an agreement with a small group in the community, and that the association was informing them that no one wanted to leave here, and I said: Not no one, no! Many people are willing to leave. When I saw the proposal for Parque Carioca, I noticed it was marvelous and it will offer a dignified life for everyone. We have security, infrastructure, leisure for my children. It’s a dream!”

Video: “In Vidigal, works to save lives and memories” (February 2014)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNuDqy0LXVQ FABRÍCIO DE MOURA - “Up there (showing the community) lived a father with a wife and a child, when a strong rain caused a sliding that invaded the house and killed the mother and the child, only 105

the father survived. With the works, I felt relieved. I am young and can get my wife, my son, and go to some other place. I think a lot about my father, who lives in Vidigal for 60 years, and if he had to leave, it would be the worst thing in the world for him”.

Marcelo da Silva – “There was the pacification and we lived remarkable moments in the community; and we were expecting this new step, which were the improvements. With that, came a dialog, informing that some families would have to leave. We went to GEO-Rio to learn about the possibilities, we talked to the mayor and we were informed that the slope contention works could be done and the families would remain at their houses.”

Video: “From Favela do Metrô to Mangueira II condominium” (January 2014) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljA-bZFrwe4 BAZILEU ALVES – “It used to be the Metrô slum: open air sewer, stolen power cables and water system. It was a place that did not belong to us. You were there, but it was not yours. Now we are going out of that, but it was a tense process. Until people got to understand, leaving a place that “was yours”, to go to a new unknown place, it was tense. Both parties needed an immediate solution and we dialoged. There was no resistance, and we asked: where are we going? Is there a place near our workplaces, and schools and nurseries for the children? Then, we came here. And I think this way it was easier to solve the problem. The difference is enormous! There is basic sanitation. The train goes by near my door, and the subway is 200 meters away, and there is also a bus stop. Now it is all happiness. I am really satisfied and I gained a lot. I got Christmas, New Year’s Eve and a new life!”

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SILVANA MARIA – “We did not have any structure, practically. We had no sewage, and to have water we had to buy it. All possible problems... It is much better, under all the aspects. There it was the minimum and today we are in heavens! We have what a person needs to have a dignified life. We have the structure to raise a child, we have security. When we go out, I can hardly wait for the time to go back home. I thing everyone deserves to have a little place to say it is his/her own, and be able to say: I am going to MY home!”

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