Francesco Andreoli CV

December 17, 2014

Francesco Andreoli Curriculum Vitæ Contacts: Tel: +39 349 1283986 [email protected] http://sites.google.com/site/francescondrl/

Office: CEPS/INSTEAD 4, av. de la Fonte L-4364 Esch/Alzette Luxembourg

Home (B): Via Piave 2/A 37054 Nogara Italy

Current Position 2013 - 2015

Post Doctoral researcher at CEPS/INSTEAD. Project financed by the FNR grant AFR-5932132 under the Marie Curies FP7-COFUND scheme.

Past Positions 2012 - 2013

Research Associate (ATER) at THEMA, Universit´e de Cergy-Pontoise.

Education 2009 - 2012

Ph.D. in Economics, THEMA, University of Cergy-Pontoise, joint program (cotutelle) with the Department of Economics, University of Verona (Italy). Dissertation: “On Dissimilarity and Opportunity Equalization.” (Qualified by CNU 2013) Committee: Gorkem Celik, Daniele Checchi, Michel Le Breton (chair), Arnaud Lefranc (director), Eugenio Peluso (director), Alain Trannoy (referee), Dirk Van de gaer (referee). Awards: Best Phd dissertation prize awarded by the Italian Economic Association (2013).

2008 - 2009

MS Economics, THEMA (University of Cergy-Pontoise) and ESSEC, France.

2005 - 2007

MA (Laurea Specialistica) in Applied Economics, University of Verona, Italy.

2002 - 2005

Degree in Economics, University of Verona, Italy.

Stays abroad Winter 2014

STICERD, London School of Economics, London UK.

Dec. 2013

ESOP, University of Oslo, Norway.

Advanced training 2008 - 2014

Winter School Inequality and Social Welfare Theory (IT), editions IT3, IT4, IT5, IT6, IT7, IT8, IT9, Canazei (TN), Italy. The School is organized by: University of Verona, THEMA, IZA, CEPS/INSTEAD, Statistic Norway, LIS, ZEW.

July 2008

Summer School On Development Economics, University of Verona, BREAD (Harvard) and CEPR. 30/6-4/7 2008 Canazei (TN), Italy.

June 2008

Spatial Econometrics Advanced Institute, SEAI 08, SEA and Universit`a La Sapienza. 26/5-23/6/2008 Rome, IT.

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Francesco Andreoli CV

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Research Interests: Economic inequality and equality/equalization of opportunity in policy evaluation context (education); dissimilarity analysis with applications to discrimination and segregation measurement and inference; quality of life and structural hedonic modeling; redistribution of resources through in-kind transfers; policy evaluation through distribution regressions. Published: 1. Andreoli F. (2014). The Gini-Exposure index for measuring segregation in networks, Rivista Italiana degli Economisti, 19(1):129-167 2. Andreoli F. (2012). Multi-group segregation patterns and determinants: the case of immigrants in an Italian city, Research on Economic Inequality, 20(4):91-116. Submitted working papers: 1. Andreoli F. (2013). Robust inference for inverse stochastic dominance, ECINEQ working paper 295. R & R for JBES. 2. Andreoli F., T. Havnes and A. Lefranc(2014). Equalization of opportunity: Definitions, implementable conditions and application to early-childhood policy evaluation, IZA working paper 8503. Job market paper. 3. Andreoli F. and A. Michelangeli (2014). Welfare measures to assess urban quality of life. DEMS University of Milan-Bicocca working paper series, N. 278. 4. Andreoli F and C. Zoli, (2012). On the measurement of dissimilarity and related orders, ECINEQ working paper 274. In progress: 1. Measuring segregation in networks. 2. The hedonic value of urban quality of life (with A. Michelangeli). 3. Who benefits from selection into public education? Evidence from Italy (with G. Casalone and D. Sonedda). 4. The opportunity equalizing impact of educational reforms: Counterfactual evidence from France (with A. Lefranc) 5. The evolution of inequality of opportunity across Europe: Evidence from EU-SILC (with A. Fusco) ´ 6. Early child-care and outcomes: The returns to Ecole Maternelle in France. Referee activity: Social Choice and Welfare, Economic Bulletin.

Presentations Seminars:

FERCI/CERDI Clermont-Ferrand (09/2014); FUBerlin (06/2014); UABarcelona (06/2014); KULeuven (02/2014); IT9 Winter School (01/2013); CEPS/INSTEAD (07/2013); Paris X, Nanterre (02/2013); Bocconi University (09/12); GRASS V/FRANQI Foundation (09/12); CORE (05/12); IT7 Winter School (01/2012); THEMA (11/11); GRASS IV (09/11); U. Verona (03/10); GRASS III (09/09); U. Verona (09/09); IT3 Winter School (01/08).

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Francesco Andreoli CV

Conferences:

December 17, 2014

COMPIE-JRC conference, Rome 2014; NET-SILC2 conference, Lisbon 2014; SIEP conference, Pavia 2014; Inequality and the welfare state workshop at UiO, Oslo 2014; SITE workshop, Stockholm 2014; EALE, Lubjiana 2014; IARIW, Rotterdam 2014; LAGV, 13th meeting, Aix-en-Provence 2014; SIE 53rd annual meeting, Bologna 2013; ECINEQ fifth annual meeting, Bari 2013; LAGV, 12th meeting, Aix-en-Provence 2013; Young Economist Workshop, University of Bologna, Forl´ı 7/06/2013; ADRES, Strasbourg 31/01-01/02 2013; The Multiple Dimensions of Inequality, GREQAM Marseille, 24-25/01/2013; EEA annual meeting, Malaga 22-26/08/2012; ESEM Malaga 22-26/08/2012; Society for Social Choice and Welfare Meeting, 11th edition, New Delhi 12-17/08/2012; LAGV Conference, 11th meeting, Marseille 21/06/2012; Societ` a degli economisti, 52nd annual meeting, Rome 11/10/2011; ECINEQ fourth annual meeting, Catania 09/07/2011;

Teaching Fall 2014

Microeconomics and Econometrics classes (M2, 36h), University of Verona.

Jan. 2014

Programming dominance tests for policy evaluations using Stata and Mata (PhD, 4h), IT9 Winter School.

Jan. 2013

QTE and dominance tests in Stata (PhD, 4h), IT8 Winter School.

2012-2013

ATER (94h/year). Courses : micro´economie (UG) at the Universit´e de Cergy-Pontoise (Prof. R. Renault), Stata tutorial (PhD) for THEMA and ESSEC;

Jan. 2012

Stata Tutorial (PhD), IT7 Winter School.

2009 - 2012

Teaching assistant (64h/year) at Universit´e de Cergy-Pontoise. Courses: Microeconomics (UG), Prof. R. Renault, Prof. C. Muller; Statistics (UG), Prof. S. Bosi); Econometrics (UG), Prof. F. Barthelemi;

Apr. 2011

Microeconomics (PhD, 5h), Prof. F.Perali, University of Verona;

Jul. 2010

Microeconomics (UG, 20h), Prof. G.P. Cipriani, University of Verona;

Apr. 2010

Microeconomics (PhD, 5h), Prof. F.Perali, University of Verona;

Jun. 2009

Microeconomics (UG, 20h), Prof. G.P. Cipriani, University of Verona;

Sep. 2008

Microeconomics (UG, 30h), Prof. E.Giovannetti, University of Verona.

Grants and awards 2013 -

Marie Curie Fellow.

Oct. 2013

Best PhD Thesis in Italy award, SIE-Italian Economic Association.

2010 - 2012

Universit` a Italo-Francese (UIF/UFI) mobility scholarship, Bando Vinci 2010.

Oct. 2009

Doctoral scolarship (three years), Universit´e de Cergy-Pontoise.

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Francesco Andreoli CV

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July 2009

Premio Gino Barbieri, Universit`a di Verona and Facolt`a di Economia.

Apr. 2008

Graduation Prize, by Banca Veronese di Credito Cooperativo.

Dec. 2007

Laureato dell’Anno, prize acknowledged to the best grad stud in economics by ALVEC and University of Verona.

Nov. 2007

Graduation Prize, Banca Veronese di Credito Cooperativo.

Skills Administrative:

Organization of the IT winter school, editions 2011-2015. Responsible for the ECINEQ working papers series.

Languages:

Italian (native), English (fluent), French (fluent), Spanish (basic).

Informatics:

Stata, R, LATEX.

References Prof. Arnaud LEFRANC THEMA (UMR CNRS 8184) Universit´e de Cergy-Pontoise 33, boulevard du Port 95011 Cergy CEDEX, FR Tel. +33-(0)1 34 25 60 62 [email protected]

Prof. Alain TRANNOY Directeur d’´etudes `a l’EHESS GREQAM - IDEP 2, rue de la Charit´e 13002 Marseille, FR Tel. +33-(0)4 91 14 07 30 [email protected]

Prof. Claudio ZOLI Department of Economics University of Verona Vicolo Campofiore, 2 37129 Verona, IT Tel. +39 045 8028479 [email protected]

December 17, 2014 Francesco Andreoli

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Francesco Andreoli CV

December 17, 2014

Analytical presentation of selected research papers (Job market paper) “Equalization of opportunity: Definitions, implementable conditions and application to early-childhood policy evaluation” (with T. Havnes and A. Lefranc). Abstract: This paper develops a criterion to assess equalization of opportunity that is consistent with theoretical views of equality of opportunity. We characterize inequality of opportunity as a situation where some groups in society enjoy an illegitimate advantage. In this context, equalization of opportunity requires that the extent of the illegitimate advantage enjoyed by the privileged groups falls. Robustness requires that this judgement be supported by the broadest class of individual preferences. We formalize this criterion in a decision theoretic framework, and derive an empirical condition for equalization of opportunity based on observed opportunity distributions. The criterion is used to assess the effectiveness of child care at equalizing opportunity among children, using quantile treatment effects estimates of a major child care reform in Norway. Overall, we find that the child care reform significantly equalized opportunity among Norwegian children. Keywords: equality of opportunity, public policy, inverse stochastic dominance, economic distance, income distribution, child care, pre-school JEL Codes: D63, J62, C14.

“Measuring dissimilarity” (with C. Zoli). Abstract: The analysis of many social phenomena requires to compare distributions of realizations achieved by individuals belonging to different social groups, defined by their gender, ethnicity, religion, age or parental background. When the groups are similarly distributed across realizations, individuals from different groups face equal chances to achieve any of the attainable realizations. Otherwise, a form of dissimilarity prevails. We quantify dissimilarity comparisons of sets of groups distributions by showing the equivalence between axioms underpinning information criteria, matrix majorization, dissimilarity indicators and new empirical tests based on Zonotopes and Path Polytopes inclusion. Both two- and multi-group comparisons of segregation, discrimination and mobility, as well as inequality, are embedded within the dissimilarity model. Keywords: Dissimilarity, Matrix Majorization, Zonotopes, Multi-group Segregation, Discrimination. JEL Codes: J71, D31, D63, C16.

“Robust inference for inverse stochastic dominance”. Abstract: This note presents an innovative inference procedure for assessing if a pair of distributions can be ordered according to inverse stochastic dominance, a widely exploited criterion in robust welfare analysis. This is done by linearly decomposing the recursive integral of the generalized Lorenz curve into its influence functions. The asymptotic covariance matrix is estimated by the empirical covariance between the influence functions associated to different quantiles of this integral. The approach is robust to data contaminations, it allows model free analysis based on sample moments and it can be extended to complex sampling design schemes (i.e. stratified, cluster, or multistage), a common case in many surveys used in applied distribution analysis. Convergence to normality assures that dominance or equality null hypothesis can be tested through Chi-squared distributed statistics. Supplementary materials such as proofs, Monte Carlo experiments and Stata routines are available online. Keywords: Inverse stochastic dominance, inference, influence functions, welfare, inequality. JEL Codes: C12, D31, I32. “Multi-group segregation patterns and determinants: The case of immigrants in an Italian city”. Abstract: Models of race based segregation establish that individual characteristics or housing market attributes are complementary causes of the observed level of races concentration inside a urban space. The

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goal of this work is to establish which variables, and in which order of magnitude, among individual characteristics, housing features and local amenities correlate with immigrants segregation, in the case of consistent within city immigrants mobility. We capture the degree of segregation for different immigration groups by a local concentration statistics that is directly obtained from segregation curves and we use data on the Verona Municipality as a case study. We find strong evidence in favor of the role of the housing market and housing ownership distribution across city areas. Keywords: Segregation Measures, Local Sorting, Immigrants Segregation, Housing. JEL Codes: J15, R23, I31.

“The multi-group Gini Exposure index: An application to spatial segregation measurement”. Abstract: We study the problem of evaluating the degree of inequality in the distribution of interaction profiles across a population partitioned into social groups. An interaction profile specifies, at demographic unit level, the probability that each of these units interact with each of the groups. Any departure from the rather extreme situation of equal exposure, occurring when every demographic unit holds the same profile, represent a form of exposure segregation. Issues such as spatial or network segregation and interaction inequalities are nested in this framework. We propose an axiomatic approach to characterize the exposure segregation pre-order, by resorting on an intuitive principle: when two units merge their interaction profiles, exposure becomes more equally distributed in the population. The exposure ordering is characterized though a test inspired by a multivariate generalization of the segregation curve and, alternatively, in terms of dominance within a large family exposure indicators. We study one of these indicators, the Gini Exposure index. We use Italian data to construct a spatial model of interaction between natives and two immigrants groups. The analytical structure that we adopt can be adapted to the cases where only aggregated demographic data are available. We discuss the pattern of segregation identified by the Gini Exposure index, and we compare it, highlighting similarities and diversities, with the patterns generated by other indices of spatial exposure proposed in the literature. Keywords: Multi-group Segregation Zonotope, Gini Exposure index, Spatial Immigrants Segregation. JEL Codes: J71, D31, D63, C16. ´ Early child care and outcomes: The returns to Ecole Maternelle in France Abstract: The recent literature on human capital formation has shown the importance of early life intervention on the production of skills, in turn associated with substantial wage premia. Publicly provided child care plays a decisive role in the production of skills that are valuable in the labor market and, possibly, in equalizing skills acquisition patterns among children from heterogeneous family background. Making use ´ of two large cross sections of 40 cohorts of employees, I estimate the effects of participation in Ecole Maternelle (EM), a unique French publicly provided child care policy targeting children aged 2 to 6, on future earnings and economic success. After correcting for background heterogeneity in the selection process by instrumenting EM for regional differentials in EM supply, the returns amount to 14.1% of expected wages and in a positive significant probability of finding in the top quartile of the income distribution. No significant effect is found for cohorts or EM duration, while children coming from more advantaged background face substantially lower returns from EM participation. Keywords: Wage regression, equality of opportunity, predistribution, kindergarten, FQP.

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PhD Dissertation “On dissimilarity and opportunity equalization” Abstract: This thesis focuses on the measurement of dissimilarity in the distribution of relevant economic attributes and inequality of opportunity. Equality of opportunity has gained popularity for defining the relevant equalitarian objective for the distribution of a broad range of social and economic outcomes among social groups. I show that equality of opportunity concerns in policy evaluation always rely on dissimilarity comparisons between conditional distributions, and I provide empirically testable criteria to implement these comparisons. In the first chapter, I characterize axiomatically the dissimilarity partial order for discrete conditional distributions of groups across outcome classes. I prove that, when classes are permutable, dissimilarity is rationalized by matrix majorization and implemented by checking Zonotopes inclusion, while when classes are ordered the dissimilarity criterion resorts on a finite number of Lorenz majorization comparisons among groups’ proportions, performed at different cumulation stages of the overall population. In the second chapter, I discuss the relevance of the dissimilarity partial order for the study of segregation at individual level. I fully characterize a well defined family of segregation indicators and I study one of them, the Gini exposure index, by using Italian data. The final chapter presents the equalization of opportunity criterion for outcome achievements. The guiding principle is that equality of opportunity is reached if there is no consensus, for a given class of preferences, in determining the disadvantaged group out of pairwise comparisons. I use the changes in (lack of) consensus on the existence and on the extent of this type of disadvantage to characterize the equalization of opportunity criterion. Meaningful restrictions and possible aggregation procedures are also discussed. I motivate that this criterion is identified within the rank dependent utility model, and I provide innovative inference results for inverse stochastic dominance to test it. Two applications on French data illustrate the equalizing impact of educational policies taking place early in students life. Keywords: Dissimilarity, equality of opportunity, segregation, inequality, policy evaluation, education, quantile treatment effects, inverse stochastic dominance.

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