New York State Common Core
2 GRADE
Mathematics Curriculum GRADE 2 • MODULE 4
Table of Contents
GRADE 2 • MODULE 4 Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 Module Overview ......................................................................................................... i Topic A: Sums and Differences Within 100….. ........................................................4.A.1 Topic B: Strategies for Composing a Ten ................................................................ 4.B.1 Topic C: Strategies for Decomposing a Ten ............................................................ 4.C.1 Topic D: Strategies for Composing Tens and Hundreds ......................................... 4.D.1 Topic E: Strategies for Decomposing Tens and Hundreds ...................................... 4.E.1 Topic F: Student Explanations of Written Methods................................................ 4.F.1 Module Assessments ............................................................................................ 4.S.1
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Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 3/29/14 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Module Overview 2•4
Grade 2 • Module 4
Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 OVERVIEW Related Topics: More Lesson Plans for the Common Core Math In Module 3 students were immersed in the base ten system, as they built a strong foundation through a concrete to pictorial to abstract approach. They bundled groups of 10, and saw that 10 like units could be bundled to produce a new unit that is ten times as large. They progressed from seeing 10 ones as 1 ten (1.NBT.2a) to understanding 10 tens as 1 hundred (2.NBT.2). Module 4 builds on that place value understanding to compose and decompose place value units in addition and subtraction within 200. Module 4 is devoted to three major areas of work. The first two are building fluency in two-digit addition and subtraction within 100 (2.NBT.5) and applying that fluency to one- and two-step word problems of varying types within 100 (2.OA.1). Students’ increasing fluency with calculations within 100, begun in Grade 1, allows word problems to transition from being mere contexts for calculation into opportunities for students to see and analyze the relationships between quantities (MP1 and 2). Daily application problems and specific lessons in Topics A, C, and F provide students with guided and independent practice as they negotiate a variety of problem types, including the more complex comparison problems. Note that most two-step problems involve single-digit addends, and do not involve the most difficult comparison problem types.1 The third major area of work is developing students’ conceptual understanding of addition and subtraction of multi-digit numbers within 200 (2.NBT.7, 2.NBT.9) as a foundation for work with addition and subtraction within 1000 in Module 5. In Topic A, students work with place value strategies to fluently add and subtract within 100 (2.NBT.5). The final lessons of Module 3 (finding 1 more, 1 less, 10 more, 10 less) transition into mental addition and subtraction of 1 and 10 (2.NBT.8). Students mentally add and subtract 100 in Topics D and E, as well as during fluency activities throughout the module, as they did in Module 3. This knowledge is then extended and used to solve problems. For example, students might count on by ones and tens, e.g., 39 + ☐ = 62, so 40, 50, 60, 61, 62. They might use compensation, adding the same amount to the subtrahend as to the minuend to make a multiple of ten, e.g., 62 – 39 = 63 – 40. They might add or subtract a multiple of 10 and adjust the solution as necessary, e.g., 62 – 39 is 4 tens less than 62 but… one more (2.NBT.5). Students explain why these strategies work using place value language, properties of addition and subtraction, and models, such as the number line (2.NBT.9).
1
See the Progression document “Operations and Algebraic Thinking,” p. 18, for the specific types and the rationale.
Module 4: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org
Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 3/29/14 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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In these two topics, students represent place value strategies with place value disks B' !%6$2!>=L#( P!G1, !2% *#1' 2!- &0 +$' #( 1!(%$&' ' #!( GG9 61$ #1, 2%(,(' -#$ ' D!&.!G, $12!&.!&G1, ('!%$&' 2!( ' #!G9 ( - 1! 5 $%6$'$&#A !344!R 42 9 PF2% TS'( 2!.&*' ( 9!% &!( P!% ##$ %$&', !*' !( ' #!2*+% %$&' !5 $%6$' &G1,% !: 444!$ ' !K &#*91!=C and math drawings (see images with strategy names below). Students work with composing 1 ten from 10 E( 9*1!,1( 2&' B$'' !% D!% &!( ##!(P!G1, ' #!2*+% ,(*#1' - %!5 % $2!%6$&0 ' !344!R 42 9#!(PF2 QU '42 9 ,PF2 TSC!K (' '#$ $G*9 ( %$E12!( ' $#!0 ( %6!#,( 5&'$'2!(D2!( 99&5 ! 6$ 2!>=L#( $ &#A !2% +$ ' 1!( ' GG9 P!% 61$ !*' #1, 2% ( ' D!&.!G, &G1,% 12!&.!&G1, ( % $ ' #!G9 ( ones or decomposing 1 ten as 10 ones (with minuends within 100). After the mid-module assessment, 1! 2%*#1' %2!%&!211!' *0 +1,2!$ ' !% 1, 0 2!&.!G9 ( 1!E( 9 *1!*' $ % 2A !% 1' 2!( ' #!&' 12A !( ' #!21,E1!( 2!( !, 10 $ ' #1,!% 6( % !% 61P!0 *2% E( 9continue *1!,1( 2&' $working ' D!%&!( ##!( ' #!2*+% ,( - %!5 $%6$' !344!R 9 PF2drawings QU'429 PF2TSC ( ' $G*9 ( %$E12!( #!0 ( %6!#, ( in 5 $'which D2!( 99&5 !! students with manipulatives and 42 math to!Kmake sense of' problems they ( ##!9$R1!*' $%2!T1C DC A !R' &5 $ ' D!% 6( % !Y; !Z!>[ !$ 2!Y!% 1' 2!Z!; !% 1' 2!( ' #!>!&' 12!Z![ !&' 12U C !!\*, % 61, 0 &,1A !5 &, R$ ' D!5 $ % 6$ '! 2%*#1' %2!%&!211!' *0 +1,2!$' !%1,0 2!&.!G9( - 1!E( 9*1!*' $%2A!%1' 2!( ' #!&' 12A!( ' #!21, E1!( 2!( !, 10 $' #1,!%6( %!%61P!0 *2% compose or decompose twice. 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Subtraction in Topic E 2!2% 6!% 1' 2!!%$ !F61$ %6!#, ( 5 $'&'D2!( 92&!21,E1!% &!2&9 61! ,( - %$&' ! *' #1, 2%( ' #$'344!( D!&.!%61!&0*#1' G&2$%$&!, &' 1D,&*G!+&% !( ' #!#1- &0 G&2$ &' !&.!*' $%2!5, !0$%(6$ ' !%61!%1S% !&.!( ##$ %$&' $#$ !( .P!% ' #!2*+% involves subtracting when hundred for 10 tens$%2!5 and 1'ten for&'10 ones ##$ (2.NBT.7). 2% ( ' (#$ D!&.!% 61!-decomposing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NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Module Overview 2•4
Throughout the module, manipulatives and math drawings allow students to see numbers in terms of place value units and serve as a reminder that they must add like units (e.g., knowing that 74 + 38 is 7 tens + 3 tens and 4 ones + 8 ones). The focus is often on computational strategies with bare numbers (i.e., no context) so that total attention is given to understanding the value of each digit within a number, as well as why and how the written method works. Students use the place value chart as an organizer. Simultaneous use of a written method and a place value chart allows students to better recognize both the value of numbers when they are not on the place value chart, and like units. The same is true when students make math drawings and use place value language to relate each step of the drawing to a written method (2.NBT.7). The different representations serve to solidify the understanding of the composition and decomposition of units, moving from concrete to pictorial to abstract. Throughout the work, students are encouraged to explain their actions and analyses, and to use the relationship between addition and subtraction to check their work (2.NBT.9). Throughout the module, students are encouraged to be flexible in their thinking and to use multiple strategies in solving problems, including the use of drawings such as tape diagrams, which they relate to equations. In Topic F, students are introduced to the totals below method (pictured below to the far left) and are challenged to explain why both it and the new groups below method (also pictured below to the left) work (2.NBT.9). New groups below
Totals below
The Mid-Module Assessment follows Topic C, and the End-of-Module Assessment follows Topic F.
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Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 3/29/14 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Module 4: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org
Module Overview 2•4
Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 3/29/14 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Module Overview 2•4
Focus Grade Level Standards Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction. 2.OA.1
Use addition and subtraction within 100 to solve one- and two-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract.2 2.NBT.5
Fluently add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction.
2.NBT.6
Add up to four two-digit numbers using strategies based on place value and properties of operations.
2.NBT.7
Add and subtract within 1000, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method. Understand that in adding or subtracting three-digit numbers, one adds or subtracts hundreds and hundreds, tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose or decompose tens or hundreds.
2.NBT.8
Mentally add 10 or 100 to a given number 100–900, and mentally subtract 10 or 100 from a given number 100–900.
2.NBT.9
Explain why addition and subtraction strategies work, using place value and the properties of operations. (Explanations may be supported by drawings or objects.)
Foundational Standards
2
1.OA.1
Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.3
Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract. (Students need not use formal terms for these properties.) Examples: If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12. (Associative property of addition.)
1.OA.4
Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract 10 – 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.
1.NBT.2
Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases:
In this module, work is limited to within 200. This work is extended to numbers within 1000 in the next module.
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Module Overview 2•4
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
a. 10 can be thought of as a bundle of ten ones – called a “ten.” b. The numbers from 11 to 19 are composed of a ten and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine ones. c. The numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine tens (and 0 ones). 1.NBT.4
Add within 100, including adding a two-digit number and a one-digit number, and adding a two-digit number and a multiple of 10, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used. Understand that in adding two-digit numbers, one adds tens and tens, ones and ones; and sometimes it is necessary to compose a ten.
2.NBT.1
Understand that the three digits of a three-digit number represent amounts of hundreds, tens, and ones; e.g., 706 equals 7 hundreds, 0 tens, and 6 ones. Understand the following as special cases: a. 100 can be thought of as a bundle of ten tens – called a “hundred.” b. The numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 refer to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine hundreds (and 0 tens and 0 ones).
2.NBT.2
Count within 1000; skip-count by 5s, 10s, and 100s.
2.NBT.3
Read and write numbers to 1000 using base-ten numerals, number names, and expanded form.
Focus Standards for Mathematical Practice MP.1
Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. Students solve two-step word problems, and are challenged to make sense of more complex relationships within situations. They flexibly solve problems with a variety of strategies at their disposal, sometimes finding many ways to solve the same problem.
MP.2
Reason abstractly and quantitatively. Students reason abstractly when they represent twostep problems and harder problem types with drawings such as tape diagrams and when they relate those drawings to equations. As the Module progresses, students move back and forth between concrete, pictorial, and abstract work to make sense of quantities and their relationships in problem situations.
MP.3
Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. Students construct viable arguments when they use place value reasoning and properties of operations to explain why their addition and subtraction strategies work, and when they use that reasoning to justify their choice of strategies in solving problems. They critique the reasoning of others when they use those same concepts to disprove or support the work of their peers.
MP.4
Model with mathematics. Students model with mathematics when they write equations to solve two-step word problems, make math drawings when solving a vertical algorithm, or when they draw place value charts and disks to represent numbers.
MP.6
Attend to precision. Students attend to precision when they label their math drawings and
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NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Module Overview 2•4
models with specific place value units. They calculate accurately and efficiently when adding numbers within 200 and they use the relationship between addition and subtraction to check their work.
Overview of Module Topics and Lesson Objectives Standards Topics and Objectives 2.OA.1 2.NBT.5 2.NBT.8 2.NBT.9
2.NBT.7 2.NBT.9 2.OA.1 2.NBT.5
Days
A Sums and Differences Within 100 Lesson 1: Relate 1 more, 1 less, 10 more, and 10 less to addition and subtraction of 1 and 10. Lesson 2:
Add and subtract multiples of 10 including counting on to subtract.
Lessons 3–4:
Add and subtract multiples of 10 and some ones within 100.
Lesson 5:
Solve one- and two-step word problems within 100 using strategies based on place value.
B Strategies for Composing a Ten Lesson 6: Use manipulatives to represent the composition of 10 ones as 1 ten with two-digit addends. Lesson 7:
Relate addition using manipulatives to a written vertical method.
Lesson 8:
Use math drawings to represent the composition and relate drawings to a written method.
5
5
Lessons 9–10: Use math drawings to represent the composition when adding a two-digit to a three-digit addend. 2.OA.1 2.NBT.7 2.NBT.9 2.NBT.5
C Strategies for Decomposing a Ten Lesson 11: Represent subtraction with and without the decomposition of 1 ten as 10 ones with manipulatives. Lesson 12:
Relate manipulative representations to a written method.
Lesson 13:
Use math drawings to represent subtraction with and without decomposition and relate drawings to a written method.
6
Lessons 14–15: Represent subtraction with and without the decomposition when there is a three-digit minuend. Lesson 16:
Solve one- and two-step word problems within 100 using strategies based on place value.
Mid-Module Assessment: Topics A–C (assessment ½ day, return ½ day, remediation or further applications 1 day)
Module 4: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org
2
Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 3/29/14 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
viii
Module Overview 2•4
NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
Standards Topics and Objectives 2.NBT.6 2.NBT.7 2.NBT.8 2.NBT.9
Days
D Strategies for Composing Tens and Hundreds Lesson 17: Use mental strategies to relate compositions of 10 tens as 1 hundred to 10 ones as 1 ten. Lesson 18:
Use manipulatives to represent additions with two compositions.
Lesson 19:
Relate manipulative representations to a written method.
6
Lessons 20–21: Use math drawings to represent additions with up to two compositions and relate drawings to a written method. Lesson 22:
2.NBT.7 2.NBT.9
E
Solve additions with up to four addends with totals within 200 with and without two compositions of larger units.
Strategies for Decomposing Tens and Hundreds Lesson 23:
Use number bonds to break apart three-digit minuends and subtract from the hundred.
Lesson 24:
Use manipulatives to represent subtraction with decompositions of 1 hundred as 10 tens and 1 ten as 10 ones.
Lesson 25:
Relate manipulative representations to a written method.
Lesson 26:
Use math drawings to represent subtraction with up to two decompositions and relate drawings to a written method.
6
Lessons 27–28: Subtract from 200 and from numbers with zeros in the tens place. 2.OA.1 2.NBT.7 2.NBT.9
F
Student Explanations of Written Methods Lesson 29: Use and explain the totals below written method using words, math drawings, and numbers. Lesson 30:
Compare totals below to new groups below as written methods.
Lesson 31:
Solve two-step word problems within 100.
End-of-Module Assessment: Topics A–F (assessment ½ day, return ½ day, remediation or further applications 1 day) Total Number of Instructional Days
Module 4: Date: © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org
3
2 35
Addition and Subtraction Within 200 with Word Problems to 100 3/29/14 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
ix
! 9 ; ='>B ! ! B 9 '>B 6 8'! 7 FG8! 7 FH>='>C 6 6 H>C DC ! ' ! NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM
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