Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) – Pineapple Dr. P.P. Joy, Kerala Agricultural University Pineapple Research Station, Vazhakulam, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala, PIN-686 670 Tel.: 0485-2260832, Mobile: 9446010905, Email: [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in

It is a big challenge to improve food security, livelihoods, satisfy increasing demands for safe and nutritious food and other products, and conserve the natural resource base, commitments for economic, social and environmental sustainability, and World Food Summit plan of actions. The million dollar question is how to make agricultural systems in developing countries more sustainable, in a globalizing world where food supply chains are ever more competitive? Agricultural sector is characterized by demand, supply and support systems. Demand is from consumers, retailers, and processors where food safety, quality, nutrition and environmental impact of agriculture are important. Supply is by farmers who adopt various practices whose livelihoods should improve. Support is by governments and institutions who decide sustainable agriculture policies on research, extension, education, credit, and infrastructure. It is very clear that good production practices at farm level can make a huge difference! But there are few problems which need to be tackled taking the stakeholders into confidence. Too many standards and codes are confusing. Though these offer opportunities, but hard for small farmers to meet private and export standards (cost, investments, paperwork) and certification fees. Far ers do ’t always get a price pre iu . There are different scopes of GAP. Sometimes food safety/quality and food security/sustainability GAPS fail for scientific basis, testing and verifications which are mandatory for user confidence and sustainability. What are the Farmers incentives to adopt GAP? In Economic terms price premium, market access; access to inputs; stabilize yield, increase productivity, reduce losses, and increase farm asset value. In Regulatory/Legal terms ascertain property rights to scare resources and reduce liability. In terms of Human/social capital, expand skill sets and reduce community tensions. Farmers have many incentives to apply GAPS whether or not that gives them access to segregated markets or price premiums. Global Principles of GAP essentially includes 11 components of agricultural practices, wherein we identify hazards to be avoided and identify outcomes to be promoted which in turn provide a basis for the development of codes of practices for individual production systems. The 11 components include soil, water, crop and fodder production, crop protection, animal feed and livestock production, animal health , animal welfare, harvest and on-farm processing and storage, energy and waste management, human welfare, health and safety, wildlife and landscape. Definition of a GAP approach addressing economic, environmental and social sustainability inclusive of food safety and quality focused on primary production (whilst considering the supply chain and institutional context) taking account voluntary and regulatory aspects within a given incentive and agro-ecology context is essential. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Pineapple covering soil and water conservation measures, crop residue management, suitable varieties, seasons, cropping and planting systems, pure and intercropping, ratoon cropping, integrated water, nutrient and weed management, flowering induction, harvesting and storage were discussed in detail in the class. It was followed by a very active question and answer interactive session. Presently, Pineapple cultivation is very extensive in Ernakulam, Idukki, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta districts, etc and fast spreading to all other districts of Kerala, and even going beyond the state and country boundaries. Because of the imbalance of production and demand, market glut occurs at times, leading to sharp fall in market prices and consequent heavy losses to the pineapple farmers. Hence, the urgent need of the hour is focusing more on pineapple processing, value addition, product diversification, industrial manufacturing of novel commercial pineapple products and strong efforts for export promotion, exploring the export potential of 'Vazhakulam Pineapple' Geographic Indication. Though 'Vazhakulam Pineapple' Geographic Indication was registered in 2009, concerted efforts were not taken to design a logo for 'Vazhakulam Pineapple', branding of the product and explore the export market potential. Strong concerted efforts are needed in these lines. I hope, to the extent possible, we have to follow a professional participatory management system to plan and set SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) goals, prioritize, execute, monitor, review, refine, achieve tasks and evaluate performance continuously for the overall development of the pineapple sector. Best resource persons are to be identified and their expertise utilized for training all the stakeholders for further comprehensive development of the Pineapple Sector in Kerala.

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä tUm. ]n. ]n. tPmbn, AtÊmÊntbäv t{]m^kÀ & slUv, ss]\m¸nÄ dntkÀ¨v tÌj³, hmgçfw, aphmäp]pg, t^m¬: 0485-2260832, samss_Â: 9446010905, CusabnÂ: [email protected], sh_vsskäv: http://prsvkm.kau.in

‘kzÀ¤ob ]gw’ F¶v hnti-jn-¸n-¡m-dpÅ ss]\m-¸nÄ BIr-Xn-bnepw cpNn-bnepw aW¯nepw hf-sc-b-[nIw {]tXy-I-X-IÄ DÅ Hcp ^e-hÀ¤-am-Wv. ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-−nsâ Bcw-`-t¯msS-bmWv ss]\m-¸nÄ C´y-bn F¯n-b-Xv. C¡m-e¯v ChnsS I¨-h-S-¯n-s\-¯nb t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kpIm-cmWv ss]\m-¸nÄ ChnsS sIm−p-h-¶-Xv. "s{ºmanentbko' æSpw_¯nepÅ ss]\m¸nfnsâ imkv{X \maw A\m\mkv tImtamkkv F¶mWv. {]mbt`Zas\y Ghêw ss]\m¸nÄ Cãs¸Sp¶p. hfsc {]m[m\yaÀlnç¶ Cu ^ew A§s\ Xs¶tbm Asæn kwkvIcn¨ cq]¯ntem Cì hn]Wnbn e`yamé. aëjyicoc¯n\mhiyamb H«\h[n t]mjI§Ä CXn [mcmfambn I−phêì. CXn ImÂkyw, s]m«mkyw, \mêIÄ, PohIw kn F¶nhbp−v. CXnepÅ s{_masse³ F¶ F³sskw Zl\{]{Inbsb Dt¯Pn¸nçIbpw icoc¯nse hnhn[ tISp]mSpIsf \o¡n kZm Dt·jw \ÂæIbpw sN¿pì. ]mIamb ss]\m¸nfnsâ \oÀv icoc¯në hfsc t]mjIKpWtaæ¶ \à Hê ioXf]m\obamWv. imcocnImtcmKyw sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn ss]\m¸nÄ hfsc henb ]è hlnçì−v. icoc¯nsâ t]mjW¯nëw tcmK{]Xntcm[ tijnçw BtcmKyw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xnëw ss]\m¸nfnse [mXpehW§fpw hnämanëIfpw klmbnçì. F¶m Cu ^e¯nsâ AtcmKyaqey§sfçdn¨v AdnhnÃm¯ \mw CXv th−hn[w D]tbmKnç¶Xn XmÂ]cyw ImWnç¶nÃ. XXv^eambn ss]\m¸nÄ F¶ Cu a[pc¡\nbn \nìw e`nç¶ \nch[n t]mjILSI§Ä DZv]mZIcmb \ap¡v A\yamæìthm? 2011-12 se IW¡ëkcn¨v tIcf¯n GXm−vv 8932 slÎÀ Øe¯v ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn sN¿pì. 82336 S¬ hmÀjnI DÂ]mZ\hpw D−v. DÂ]mZ\£aX 9.22 S¬/slÎÀ Bé.vv tIcf¯nse A\h[nbmb ImÀjnI {]XnkÔnIÄ aqew ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbpw DÂ]mZ\hpw hÀjwtXmdpw KWyambn ædªp hêì. kwØm\¯v DS\ofw Irjnbps−¦nepw hmgçfw, aqhmäp]pg {]tZi§fpsS Npäpambn FdWmæfw, tIm«bw, CSp¡n PnÃIfnembn GXm−v 85%hpw tI{µnIcn¨ncnçì. C\§Ä I}, I}³, audnjykv F¶n§s\ aq¶v C\§fmWv Irjn¡v AëtbmPyambn«pÅXv (Nn{Xw 1, ]«nI 1). CXn I}ëw, audnjykpw, {^jv {^q«mbn«pw, I} Im\nwKnëambmWv D]tbmKnç¶Xv. IqSmsX, AarX F¶ ]pXnb C\hpw ImÀjnI kÀÆIemimebn \nì Irjn¡mbn ip]mÀi sNbvXn«p−v. temI It¼mf¯n Gähpw {]kn²amb Im\nwKnëw, IbäpaXnçw tbmPn¨ FwUn--2 F¶ C\hpw ChnsS IrjnsN¿mw. F¶m ædªImew sIm−v IqSpX BZmbw In«psaìÅXp sIm−v, C¶v an¡hmdpw audnjykv C\w am{XamWv h³ tXmXn Irjn sN¿p¶Xpw, hn]W\w \S¯p¶Xpw. hmgçfw ss]\m¸nÄ F¶ t]cn CXn\v `qkqNnI cPnkvt{Sj³ e`n¨XpsIm−v CXnsâ IbäpaXn {]m[m\yw hÀ²nçIbpw sNbvXn«p−vv.

1. ss]\m¸nÄ C\§Ä

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

2

]«nI 1. ss]\m¸nÄ C\§fpsS {]tXyIXIÄ C\§Ä I| 18 amkw hnfshSp¸v Imew apÅnÃm¯ sNSnbpsS CeIÄ {]tXyIXIÄ N¡bpsS {]tXyIXIÄ Hmh BIrXn `mcw (In.{Kmw.) 1.5 --- 2.5 Cfw aª amwkf `mK¯nsâ \ndw A¾X (%) 0.5 - -1.0 än Fkv. Fkv. 12 - -16 (0 {_nIvkv) hnäman³ kn. 30 - -40 (anÃn.{Kmw/100 {Kmw ]n.F¨v. 3 - -5 ]©kmc (%) 25 - -35

audnjykv 12 amkw aptÅmSp IqSnb CeIÄ

AarX 12 amkw aptÅmSp IqSnb CeIÄ

Fw.Un.--2 12 amkw apÅnÃm¯ CeIÄ

tImWn¡Â 1.5 -- 2.0 kphÀ® aª

knen−À 1.5 -- 2.0 Cfw aª

knen−À 1.5 -- 2.0 Cfw aª

0.5-- - 0.7 14 - 1- 6

0.5-- - 0.7 12 - -16

0.4 - -0.5 15 - -17

30 - -40

40 - -50

40-- - 60

3 - -4 30 - -40

3- - 5 25-- - 35

3- - 4 30-- - 40

a®pw ImemhØbpw \Ã\oÀhmÀ¨bpÅXpw, AÂ]w A¾Xbpw, \à ssPhhfIqdpÅXpamb aW IeÀ¶ a®mWv D¯aw. shÅs¡«pÅ Øew \ÃXÃ. kap{Z\nc¸n \nìw, 1,500 aoäÀ Dbc¯n hsc ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn sN¿mw. 15þ30 Un{Kn skÂjykv BWv AëtbmPyamb Dujva\ne. 500þ2500 anÃn aoäÀ agbmWv AëtbmPyw. \à hnfhn\v kqcy{]Imiw hfsc AXymhiyamWv. \new Hê¡epw \Soepw agsb B{ibn¨pÅ {][m\ \So kab§Ä G{]nÂþsabpw, HmKÌvþsk]väw_dpw BWv. PetkN\ kuIcyaps−¦n Ft¸mÄ thWsa¦nepw \Smw. F¦nepw Pq¬þPqssese AXnhrãn kabw \Soen\v ]änbXÃ. aetbmc§fn X\nhnfbmbpw, dºÀ, sX§v tXm«§fn s\¸mS§fn \oÀNmepIÄ \ÂInbpw ss]\m¸nÄ IrjnsN¿mw (Nn{Xw 2).

CShnfbmbpw,

2. ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn coXnIÄ Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

3

ImehÀj¯n\p ap¼mbn In«p¶ Ht¶m ct−m agtbmSp IqSn IrjnØew \¶mbn DgpXp adn¡pI. \oÀNmepIÄ \ÂInbpw hmcsaSp¯pw \Ã\oÀhmÀ¨ Dd¸phê¯mhp¶XmWv. aetbmc§fn tIm−qÀ sseëIfn hmcsaSp¡mhp¶XmWv. s\¸mS§fn Bg¯n \oÀ¨mepIsfSp¯v hmc¯n ss]\m¸nÄ \Smw. sNSnbpsS Nph«n \n¶v s]m«n Xg¨p hê¶ IìIfpw, N¡bpsS ASnbn \n¶v hê¶ Én]pIfpw, N¡bpsS apIfnepÅ aæShpw, X−v apdn¨v apf¸n¨hbpw, Snj| IĨÀ ssXIfpw \Sm³ D]tbmKnímsa¦nepw Nph«n \nìw hê¶ IìIÄ AYhm Im\nIÄ Gähpw t\ct¯ Imbv^ew Xêw FìÅXpsIm−v ChbmWv km[mcWbmbn \Sp¶Xv (Nn{Xw 3). IoStcmK§fnÃm¯ \à Iê¯pÅ H¶mw hÀjs¯ Im\nIÄ \Sphm³ sXcsªSpt¡−Xmév. \SphmëÅ Im\nIÄ AhbpsS hep¸w Aëkcn¨v hepXv, CS¯cw, sNdpXv F¶n§s\ Xcw Xncn¨v \Sp¶XmWv Gähpw D¯aw. Im\nIÄ Hì c−mgv¨ XWen C«v ]mIw hê¯nb tijamWv \Sm³ D]tbmKnç¶Xv. c−p hcnbmbn«mWv IìIÄ \tS−Xv. 10cm Bg¯n \SWw. \Spt¼mÄ Iq¼nepw, CeIÄ¡nSbnepw, a®v hogmsX kq£n¡Ww. c−phcnIfnembn Im\nIÄ {XntImW coXnbnemWv \tS−Xv.

3. ss]\m¸nÄ \So hkvXp¡Ä

hnhn[ coXnIfn Im\nIÄ \Spt¼mÄ hcnbn Im\nIÄ X½nepw, hcnIÄ X½nepw, Cuc−v hcnIÄ X½nepÅ AIehpw CXn\mbn Hê slÎdnte¡v th−Im\nIfpsS F®hpw C\n ]dbpì. X\nhnfbmbn Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ 30 x 45 x 90 cm AIe¯n \Sm³ GXm−v 40,000 Im\nIÄ thWw. dºÀ, sX§v tXm«§fn CShnfbmbn Irjn sN¿m³ 30 x 45 x 150 cm AIe¯n \Spt¼mÄ GXm−v 20,000-25,000 Im\nIÄ thWw. s\ hbepIfn NmepIÄ Iodn hmcsaSp¯v \Spt¼mÄ 30 x 45 x 150 cm AIe¯n GXm−v 25,000-30,000 Im\nIÄ th−nhêw. dºÀ tXm«§fn CShnfbmbn Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ dºÀ X¿n \nì 1.50m AIe¯n Im\nIÄ \SWw. hf{]tbmKw hf{]tbmK¯nt\mSv \¶mbn {]XnIcnç¶ hnfbmWv ss]\m¸nÄ. \nesamêçt¼mÄ Hê slÎdn\v 25 S¬ F¶ tXmXn NmWItam, It¼mtÌm 10 S¬ shÀanIt¼mtÌm \Spt¼mÄ tNÀ¯v sImSp¡Ww (]«nI 2). IqSmsX cmkhf§Ä Im\n H¶n\v F³:]n:sI: 8:4:8: {Kmw F¶ tXmXn Htcm hÀjhpw \ÂIWw (Nn{Xw 4). X\n hnfív Hê slÎdn 40,000 Im\nIÄ¡v 320:160:320 Intem{Kmw F³:]n:sI th−nhêw. `mhlw (P) ASnhfambpw, ]mIyP\Iw (N), Ivjmcw (K) F¶nh ta hfambpw a®n\v \\hpÅt¸mÄ aqt¶m \mtem XpeyXhWIfmbn \ÂImw. th\¡me¯v 2% bqdnbmbpw, 1.5% s]m«mjpw tNÀ¶ emb\n Xfn¨p sImSpçItbm, Im\n H¶n\v 40 anÃo enäÀ F¶ tXmXn Hgn¨p sImSpçItbm sN¿mw.

Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

4

]«nI 2. ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse hf{]tbmK{Iaw (slÎdn\v) hnf

Im\nIfpsS F®w

X\nhnf CShnf s\Â hbenÂ

\Spt¼mÄ ASnhfw It¼mÌv + cmPvt^mkv

40,000 25,000

40 S¬ + 800 In. {Kmw 25 S¬ + 500 In. {Kmw

taÂhfw (tabv-- Pp¬; HmKÌv-sk]väw_À; \hw_À--Unkw_À) bpdnb + s]m«mjv HmtcmXhWbpw 232 + 178 In. {Kmw 145 + 111 In. {Kmw

30,000

30 S¬ + 600 In. {Kmw

174 + 134 In. {Kmw

4. hf{]tbmKw

5. X−v s]m«Â

AanXambpw ss]\m¸nÄ ]pjv]nç¶ kab¯pw hf{]tbmKw AêXv. AXv X−v s]m«en\vv CSbmçw (Nn{Xw 5). FYnt^m¬ {]tbmK¯n\p tijapÅ c−v amkw HgnsIbpÅ kab§fn c−v amkw CShn«v a®n \\hpÅt¸mÄ hf{]tbmKw taÂ]dªIW¡n \S¯mw. Im\n H¶n\v \Spt¼mÄ ASnhfambn Hê In. {Kmw NmWIhpw (It¼mÌpw) 20 {Kmw cmPvt^mkpw \ÂImw; taÂhfambn 6 {Kmw bqdnbmbpw 4.5 {Kmw s]m«mjpw hoXw sabv -Pq¬, HmKÌv-sk]väw_À, \hw_À-Unkw_À amk§fnepw a®n \\hpÅt¸mÄ \ÂIn a®vW¨p sImSp¡mw. PetkN\w th\¡me¯v aq¶v BgvNIqSpt¼mÄ \\¨psImSpç¶Xv IqSpX hen¸apÅ N¡IÄ D−mIm³ klmbnçw. tlmkv D]tbmKnt¨m, kv{]nwKvfÀ D]tbmKnt¨m PetkN\amImw. If\nb{´Ww ss]\m¸nÄ IyjnbnS§fn k[mcW ImWmdpÅ IfIfÄ XdpXmhÂ, sXm«mhmSn, B\s¯m«mhmSn, Atacn¡³ hÅn, IayqWnkväv ]¨, \dp\o−n, ]mÀhÅn, IogmÀs\Ãn, ]qhmwIpcp¶ne, s]cnIew, HSnb³]¨, th\Â]¨, hmg¡f, A¸, \oÀ{Km¼q, apbÂsNhnb³, IÃpcp¡n, Im«pISpIv, sImgp¸, ]mS¯mfn, Im¡¸q, ]SÀ¸³ ]pÃv, IdpI]pÃv, IÀ¡nSI]pÃv, ap¯§ F¶nhbWv (Nn{Xw 6).

Atacn¡³ hÅn

XdpXmhÂ

]mÀhÅn

6. ss]\m¸nfnse IfIÄ Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

5

IfIsf apfbnse Xs¶ \nb{´n¨nsæn Ah ssIXsNSnbpsS apIfnte¡v hfÀ¶pIbdn ssIXIsf aqSphm³ km[yXbp−v. ssIX¡v e`nt¡− hfhpw shffhpw IfIÄ hens¨Sp¡p¶Xn\mepw, apIfnte¡v hfcp¶ IfIÄ kqcy{]Imis¯ XSbp¶Xn\mepw ssIsXs¨SnIfpsS hfÀ¨ IpdbpIbpw hnfhns\ kmcambn _m[n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. ap¯§bpw IdpIbpw a®n\Snbn ImÞ§fpÅ IfIfmbXn\m \nb{´n¡phm³ Ffp¸aÃ. If\nb{´W amÀ¤§Ä Iyjn XpS§p¶Xn\p ap¼v, ]d¼v DgpXv/Inf¨v IfIsfbpw AhbpsS ImÞ§sfbpw \in¸n¡Ww. ssIXs¨SnIÄ hfÀ¯p¶ c−p hcnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kvYe¯p−mIp¶ IfIsf Xq¼ sIm−v sN¯ntbm AcnhmÄ sIm−v hointbm \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv (Nn{Xw 7). F¶m sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw IqSnb Iqenbpw ImcWw Cu coXn {]mtbmKnIaÃ. IfIÄ ]dns¨Sp¯v a®v æSªpIfªv ssIX¡v ]pXbmbn D]tbmKn¨m ISp¯th\en \nìw kqcymLmX¯n \nìw c£n¡mw. ]£nIÄ N¡ sIm¯pIbpanÃ. ssIX \«bpSs\ ssIXbpsS hcnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kvYe¯v ]bÀ, NW¼v XpS§nb ]¨ne sNSnIÄ hfÀ¯nbm Ifieyw Ipdbpw. ]qhn«p XpS§pt¼mÄ Cu sNSnIÄ ]dns¨Sp¯v ssIX¡v hfamtbm ]pXbmtbm D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. IfIsf apdn¡p¶ b{´w (Weed cutter) D]tbmKn¨v apdn¨p Ifbp¶ coXn ASp¯ Ime¯v {]Nmcw e`n¨p hcp¶p−v. Bhiysa¦n am{Xw If\min\n D]tbmKn¨pÅ If\nb{´Ww.

Xq¼ sIm−v sN¯Â

AcnhmÄ sIm−v hoiÂ

IfIsf apdn¡p¶ b{´w

7. ss]\m¸nfnse If\nb{´W amÀ¤§Ä If\min\n D]tbmKn¨pÅ If\nb{´Ww ssIXsNSnbnepÅ apÅpIÄ aqew IfIÄ ]dn¨pamäp¶Xv Gähpw {iaIcamWv. sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw Iqen hÀ²\hpw aqew {]mtbmKnI amÀ¤w If\min\n D]tbmKnçIbmWv (Nn{Xw 8).

apf¨ IfIsf \in¸n¡p¶ IfIÄ apf¡p¶Xv XSbp¶ ssUbqtdm¬ Xfn¨Xv If\min\n {]tbmKw If\min\n {]tbmKw 3 amk¯në tijw 8. ss]\m¸nfnse If\min\n {]tbmK§Ä Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

6

IfIÄ apf¡p¶Xv XSbp¶ If\min\nIÄ ssUbqtdm¬ F¶ If\min\n ¢mÊv, ImÀsaIvkv, ssUbqsdIvkv F¶o t]cpIfn e`n¡p¶p. ssIXsNSnIÄ¡v Hcp tISpw hcp¯msX 4---5 amkw hsc IfIsf \nb{´n¡phm³ CXn\p km[n¡pw. sNSnbpsS apIfn ]Scp¶ IfIsf \in¸n¡phm\pw CXn\p km[n¡dp−v. IfIÄ apfímXncn¡m³ th−n 3 In. {Kmw ssUbqtdm¬ (¢mÊv) 600 enäÀ shůn Ie¡n Hê slÎdn Xfn¡Ww. ho−pw, IfIÄ apfípIbmsW¦n CXnsâ ]æXn Afhn Hì IqSn Xfn¨m aXnbmæw. ssUbqtdmWn\v ]Icambn D]tbmKn¡phm³ ]änb Hcp If\min\nbmWv HmIvkn^vfqÀs^³. tKmÄ, HmIvkntKmÄUv F¶o t]cpIfn CXp e`n¡p¶p. ssUbqtdmWns\ At]Ivjn¨p hnj hocyw IpdhpÅXps¡m−v ]cnkvYnXn {]iv\§Ä Ipdhp−nXn\v. CXv slIvSdn\v 300 {Kmw (1200 an.en tKmÄ) Xfn¨m GXm−v 4 amkt¯mfw IfIsfm¶pw apfçIbnÃ. \new Hcp¡n Im\nIÄ \Sp¶Xn\p sXm«p ap¼mbn Cu If\min\nIÄ Xfn¡p¶XmWv Gähpw \ÃXv. Xfn¡p¶ kab¯v a®n \\hv D−mbncn¡Ww. F¶m \à agbpÅt¸mÄ Xfn¨m ]d¼n \n¶pw shÅw ]pdt¯¡v HgpInt]mIp¶XneqsS If\min\nbpw \jvSs¸Sm³ km[yXbp−v. apf¨ IfIsf \in¸n¡p¶ If\min\nIÄ ss¥t^mtkäv F¶ If\min\n AS§nbn«pÅ du−¸v, ss¥kÂ, ss¥äm^v XpS§nb t]cpIfn e`n¡p¶ If\min\n Hcp enäÀ shůn\v 10 an. en. A\p]mX¯n Ie¡n Xfn¨m H«p an¡ IfIfpw 8--10 Znhkw sIm−v DW§n¡n«pw. A´Àhym]\ tijnbpÅ If\min\n BbXn\mÂ, Xfn¨IfIÄ thcpÄs¸sS ]qÀWambpw \in¡p¶XmWv. ssIX¡pw tZmjw sN¿p¶XmbXn\m ssIXbpsS Cebn hogmsX, ssIX hcnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kvYe¯v am{Xta Cu If\min\n D]tbmKn¡m³ ]mSpÅq. \dp\o−obpw ]mÀhffnbpw ss¥t^mtkäp Xfn¨mepw ]qÀWambn DW§mdnÃ. ssIX sNSnIfpsS apIfnte¡p ]SÀ¶p Ibdn hfcp¶ Atacn¡³ hÅn, hbdhÅn XpS§nb IfIsf DW¡m³ ssUbqtdm¬ 5 {Kmw/enäÀ shůn\v F¶ A\p]mX¯n Ie¡n sXfn¨m aXn. ]mcIzmän\p ]Icambn Kvfqt^mknt\äv AtamWnbw (_mkväm) F¶ If\min\n D]tbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. CXv slIvSdn\p 900 {Kmw (3 en. _mkväm) F¶ tXmXn D]tbmKnt¡−XmWv. If\min\nIfn ssUbqtdm¬ HgnsI asämìw AÂ]w t]mepw sNSnIfn hogmsX kq£n¡Ww. If\min\nIÄ D]tbmKn¨v IfIsf \in¸nçt¼mÄ AhnShnsS _m¡n \nÂç¶ IfIÄ ]dn¨p Iftb−XmWv. ]pjv]n¡Â Hê tXm«¯nse FÃmsNSnIfpw Htc kab¯v ]pjv¸n¨v Hêan¨v hnfshSpç¶Xn\v FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKw BhiyamWv. sNSnIÄ GXm−v 7 amkw {]mbsa¯n 40þHmfw CeIfpÅt¸mgmWv FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKnç¶Xv. 2þt¢mtdm CussY t^mkvt^mWnIv BknUv AS§nb FYnt^m¬ 25 ]n ]n Fw, bqdnb 2%, ImÂkyw ImÀ_tWäv 0.04% AS§nb emb\n 50 anÃn enäÀ hoXw Im\n H¶n\v Iq¼n Hgn¨p sImSp¡Ww (Nn{Xw 9). C§s\ 1000 sNSnIÄ¡v th−n hê¶ emb\n D−m¡m³ 50 enäÀ shůn 1.25 anÃn enäÀ FYnt^m¬ (3.2 anÃn enäÀ F{X 39%, Asæn 12.5 anÃn enäÀ F{X 10%) IqSmsX Hê Intem{Kmw bqdnb, 20 {Kmw ImÂkyw ImÀ_tWäv (Np®m¼v) F¶nh ebn¸n¡Ww. FYnt^m¬ Hgn¨p IgnªbpsS³ ag s]bvXm ho−pw Hgnt¡−XmWv.

9. FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKw

Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

7

Hgn-¡p¶ ka-b¯v sNSn-I-fn GItZiw 39-þ42 Ce-IÄ D−m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. tIc-f¯n hmWn-Pym-Sn-Øm-\-¯n Irjn sN¿p¶ audojykv C\w \«v 7þ8 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån C{Xbpw CeIÄ D−m-Ipw. AarX F¶ k¦c C\-¯n\pw FwUn-2 hnëw \«v 7þ8 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån FYnt^m¬ {]tbmKw \S-¯mw. F¶m asämcp hmWnPy C\-amb Iyq \«v 10þ12 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån am{Xta C{Xbpw Ce-IÄ D−m-Iq. AXn-\m audo-jykv, AarX, FwUn-2 F¶o C\§Ä¡v \«v 7þ8 amk-¯n\v tijhpw Iyq C\w \«v 10þ12 amk-§Ä¡v tijhpw FYn-t^m¬ emb\n Hgn-¨v sImSp-¡mw. icn-bmb ImbnI hfÀ¨ CÃm¯ sNSn-I-fn FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw sIm−v ]q¡Â D−m-¡m-sa-¦nepw A¯cw Ah-Ø-bn N¡-bpsS hep¸w hfsc Ipd-bp-¶-Xmbn ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-−v. FYn-t^m¬ an{inXw Hgn¨p sImSp¯v 30 Znhkw Ign-bp-t¼mÄ ]q¦p-e-I-fpsS A¦pcw \SpIq-¼n I−p XpS-§pw. Hcp Nph¶ If-dmWv BZyw ImWp-¶-Xv. audo-jykv C\-¯nepw AarX C\-¯nepw XpS§n Ignªv 10 Znh-k-¯n-\p-Ån FÃm sNSn-I-fnepw ]q¡Â ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ipw. F¶m Iyq C\-¯n 40 Znhkw Ign-bp-t¼msg ]q¦p-e-I-fpsS A¦pcw ImWp-I-bp-Åq. XpS§n Ignªv GI-tZiw 15 Znh-k-§Ä¡p-Ån am{Xta FÃm sNSn-I-fn-tebpw ]q¡Â ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-Ibp-Åp. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw sIm−v 95þ-98 iX-am\w sNSn-Ifpw ]q¡p-sa¶v Kth-jW ^e-§Ä sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-−v. FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw Ignªv 4þ41-/2 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån audo-jykv, AarX, FwUn-.2 F¶o C\§Ä hnf-sh-Sp-¸n\v ]mI-am-Ipw. Iyq C\w FYn-t^m¬ Hgn¨v Ignªv GI-tZiw 51/4- þ- 53/4 amkw FSp-¡pw hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\v. Iyq C\-¯n H¶m-as¯ hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\p-tijw 8þ10 amk-§Ä Ign-bp-t¼mÄ BZys¯ Ipän-hn-f¡v th−n FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S-¯mw. AarX, saudo-jykv C\-§-fn H¶mw hnf Ignªv 5-þ6 amk-§Ä¡pÅn Xs¶ FYn-t^m¬ sImSp¡mw. c−mw Ipän hnf¡v th−n t\cs¯ ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse Xs¶ FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S-¯mw. Hcp {][m\ hnfbpw c−p Ipänhn-f-Ifpw BWv ss]\m-¸nfn ip]mÀi sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. C{]Imcw audo-jykv C\-¯nepw AarX C\-¯nepw aq¶v hnf-hv In«p-¶-Xn\v 3 sImÃw aXn. F¶m Iyq C\-¯n 4 hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån Hcp {][m\ hnfbpw c−v Ipän hnf-Ifpw In«p-¶-Xm-Wv, AXm-bXv 3 hnf-IÄ In«pw. IqSp-X hep-¸-apÅ I¶p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨pw \So kabhpw FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKhpw {Iao-I-cn¨pw hnf-sh-Sp¸v ka-bw {Iao-I-cn-¡p¶ coXn C¶v ss]\m-¸nÄ Irjn-bn \ne-hn-ep-−v. CXn\v Dev]m-Z\ {Iao-I-cWw AYhm ÌmK-dnwKv Hm^v s{]mU-£³ F¶v ]d-bp-¶p. Cu coXn D]tbm-Kn¨v hÀj-¯n FÃm amk-§-fnepw ss]\m-¸nÄ e`y-am-¡mw. aq¶v hÀj-¯n-\p-Ån \mev hnf-IÄ FSp-¡p¶ coXn tIc-f-¯nse audo-jykv ss]\m-¸nÄ Irjn-bpsS kncm-tI-{µ-amb F-dWm-Ipfw PnÃbnse hmg-¡p-f¯v {]Nm-c-¯n-ep-−v. {]tXy-In¨v Øew aq¶v hÀj-¯n\v ]m«-¯n\v FSp¯v Irjn sN¿p-t¼mÄ Cu coXn {]tbm-Kn¨v hcp-¶p. kwtbmPnX IoS\nb{´Ww \½psS \m«n ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnsb _m[n¡p¶ i{XpIoS§Ä A[nIanà F¦nepw IqSpX Øe§fn Irjn hym]n¡p¶tXmsS IoS§fpw IqSnhcm\pÅ km[yXIÄ D−v. ssIX¨¡¡rjnbpsS Hcp {][m\s¸« IoSamWv aoeoaq«IÄ (UnkvantIm¡kv s{_hn]kv, UnkvantIm¡kv \ntbms{_hn]kv). [mcmfw hnfIsf _m[n¡p¶ Hcp IoSamWnXv. ]qÀ®hfÀ¨sb¯nb s]¬IoSw ]n¦p\ndapÅhbpw, arZphmb icoct¯mSpIqSnbhpw, ZoÀLhr¯mImc¯nepÅhbpamWv. s]¬IoS¯nsâ icoc¯n\p Npäpambn 17 tPmSn sagpIpsIm−pÅ \mcpIÄ D−v. ap«, \nw^pIÄ, ]qÀ®IoSw F¶o aq¶p ZiIfmWv aoeoaq«bv¡pÅXv. \nw^pIfpw s]¬IoShpw a[pcapÅ Hcp Xcw {ZmhIw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶Xpaqew ‘Im]vt\mUnbw’ F¶ Ipanfnsâ hfÀ¨sb klmbn¡pIbpw Icnw]q¸Â CeIfnepw ssIX¨¡bnepw hym]n¡p¶Xn\v CSbm¡pIbpw sN¿pw. CeIfpsS {]hÀ¯\s¯bpw lm\nIcambn _m[n¡p¶p. N¡bn Icnw]q¸Â h¶m AXv hn]W\s¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡pw. kzÀ®\ndapÅ ap«IÄ, s]¬IoSw ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ sagpIp\qepIÄ¡nSbn \nt£]n¡p¶p. ap«IÄ 0.3þ0.4 an. ao. hen¸apÅhbmWv. aq¶papX H³]XpZnhk§Ä sIm−p hncnªv \nw^pIÄ ]pd¯phcpw. Ipªp§sf {]khn¡p¶ Hcn\w IqSn UnkvantIm¡kv s{_hn]kn ImWp¶p−v. B C\¯nÂs¸« Hcp s]¬IoSw 234 Ipªp§sf {]khn¡pw.

Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

8

ap«hncnªv/{]khn¨p−mIp¶ Ipªp§Ä Ffp¸wXs¶ sNSnbpsS aäp`mK§fntebv¡pw, aäp sNSnIfnte¡pw \nc§n \o§pw. Chsb {Iutfgvkv (crawlers) F¶p hnfn¡p¶p. 40þ50 Znhk§Ä sIm−v \nw^pIÄ ]qÀ®IoS§fmbn amdpw. s]¬IoS§Ä¡v NndIpIfnÃ. Ah icmicn 56 Znhkw Pohn¡pw. B¬ IoS§Ä¡v Hcp tPmUn NndIpIfp−v. ChbpsS {][m\ tPmen s]¬aoeoaq«bpambn CWtNcpI F¶XmWv. Blmcw Ignbv¡m\pÅ hZ\`mK§Ä {]hÀ¯\£aaÃ. Ht¶m ct−m Znhk§Ä¡pÅn B¬ IoSw N¯pt]mIpw. aoeoaq«Isf aäp sNSnIfnte¡v hym]n¸n¡p¶Xn\v Ddp¼pIfpw klmbn¡p¶p−v. ct−m aqt¶m kv]ojokpIfnÂs¸« Ddp¼pIÄ Cu aoeoaq«IfpsS IqsS I−phcp¶p. Ah ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶ a[pcapÅ {ZmhIw IpSn¡p¶Xn\pth−nbmWv Cu Ddp¼pIÄ hcp¶Xv. {]Xyp]Imcambn Chsb FXnÀ{]mWnIfn \n¶pw kwc£n¡p¶p. CXpIqSmsX ]ibpÅ Cu {ZmhIw \¡n¯pS¨v tImf\n hr¯nbmbn kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. sNSnbpsS thcv, IS, CeIÄ, N¡ F¶o `mK§sfÃmw aoenaq« B{Ian¡mdp−v (Nn{Xw 10). aoeoaq«IfpsS B{IaWap−mbn«pff ssIX¨¡bn sagpIps]mSnbpw \mcpIfpw Ahtijn¡p¶Xpw hn]W\s¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡pw. B{IaWw _m[n¨ sNSnbpsS CeIÄ¡v aª\ndtam, Nph¸p\ndtam Bbn I−phcp¶p. CeIfpsS A{K`mKw XpS§n Xmtgbv¡v hmSn hcp¶Xv aoeoaq«bpsS B{IaWw aqeamWv. ssIXsb _m[n¡p¶ sshdkvtcmKamb (aoen_Kv hnÂäv AtÊmkntbäUv sshdkv) hm«tcmK¯nsâ hmlIcmWv Cu aoeoaq«IÄ. AXn\m hm«tcmK_m[bpÅ Øe¯v aoeoaq«Isf \nb{´nt¡−Xv AXymhiyamWv.

10. aoeoaq«_m[bpsS e£W§Ä \nb{´WamÀ¤§Ä 1.

aoeoaq«bpsS B{IaWanÃm¯ D]tbmKn¡pI.

2.

ssPhIpanÄ, se¡m\nknÃnbw (=shÀ«nknÃnbw) se¡m\n, Hcp enäÀ shůn\v 20 {Kmw F¶ tXmXn Ie¡n, sNSnbn Xfn¡pIbpw Nph«n Hgn¨psImSp¡pIbpw sN¿pI. HcmgvNbv¡ptijw Hcn¡Â IqSn BhÀ¯n¡pI.

3.

hnhn[bn\w IfIfn ss]\m¸nÄ aoeoaq« ImWmdp−v. tXm«¯n If\nb{´Ww Dd¸m¡pI.

4.

[mcmfw hnfIsf B{Ian¡p¶ Hcp IoSamWv, Cu aoeoaq«. AXpsIm−v hmg, ]¨¡dnIÄ, tN¼v, t]c, B¯s¨Sn F¶nhbnepw \nb{´WamÀ¤§Ä kzoIcn¡Ww.

5.

aoeoaq«bpÅ tXm«§fn D]tbmKn¨ Irjn D]IcW§Ä, ]pXnb Øet¯¡v sIm−pt]mæt¼mÄ Ahbn aoeoaq« Cà Fìv Dd¸p hê¯Ww.

6.

tXm«¯n Ddp¼pIsf \in¸n¡p¶Xv Cu IoSw hym]n¡p¶Xpw AXnsâ hwihÀ²\ XSbp¶Xn\pw klmbn¡pw. IqSmsX FXnÀ {]mWnIfpsS Imcy£aX IqSmdpap−v. Ddp¼psIWnsh¨pw, Ddp¼nsâ amfw I−p]nSn¨v AXn IoS\min\n Hgn¨pw Ahsb \in¸n¡mw.

\SoÂ

hkvXp¡Ä

am{Xw

IrjnsN¿p¶Xn\v

Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

9

aoeoaq«Isf \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\v, Ahkm\s¯ amÀKsa¶\nebnÂ, cmkIoS \min\nIÄ sNSnbn Xfn¡pIbpw, Nph«n Hgn¡pIbpw sN¿pI. Xmsgs¡mSp¯ncn¡p¶Xn GsX¦nepw Hcp IoS\min\n D]tbmKn¡pI. s¢mÀss]dnt^mkv (lnÂ_m³ 20 C.kn. 2.5 an.en./en.) - 500 en./slÎÀ CanUmt¢m{]nUv (SmämanU 200 Fkv. FÂ. 0.3 an.en./enäÀ) 500 en./slÎÀ Izn\mÂt^mkv (CImeIvkv 25 C.kn., 2 an.en./en.) - 500 en./slÎÀ kwtbmPnX tcmK\nb{´Ww AgpIÂ, Iq¼pNobÂ, Ce¸pÅn tcmKw C§s\ ]e æanÄ tcmK§fpw sNSnsb _m[n¡mdp−v. \oÀhmÀ¨ ædª {]tZi§fnemWv tcmKw IqSpX I−phê¶Xv. AgpI / Nob tcmKw

11. Nob tcmK¯nsâ e£W§Ä tcmK ImcWw : æanÄ ss^täm^vtXmd kn\taman (Phytophthora cinnamomi) ss^täm^vtXmd \ntIm«nbm\ (Phytophthora nicotiana) tcmK e£W§Ä Im\nbpsS lrZb `mK¯pÅ CeIÄ aªbn \n¶v sNdnb sN¼p \ndapÅhbmbn amdpIbpw ]n¶oSh IcnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p (Nn{Xw 11). tcmK¯nsâ aqÀ²\ymhØbn Cfw t]mfIÄ t]mepw Ffp¸¯n hens¨Sp¡m³ ]mI¯n\mbn amdp¶p. Im\nbpsS Xmgv `mKw Noªv AgpInb aWw ]c¯pw. tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnbpsS Xmgv `mKw aª IeÀ¶ Xhn«p \ndamhpIbpw Hcp Idp¯ tcJ t]mfbpsS BtcmKyapÅ `mKs¯bpw tcmKw _m[n¨ `mKs¯bpw thÀXncn¡p¶p. tcmK \nb{´Ww IrjnbnS¯nsâ ipNnXzw Dd¸phcp¯pI. \oÀhmÀ¨ Dd¸phcp¯pI, \nc¸n \n¶v 20 skân aoäÀ s]m¡¯n a®vv s]m¡n \oÀ¨mepIÄ XoÀ¯v thWw Im\nIÄ \Sm³. ss{St¡msUÀa, kyptUmsamWmkv F¶nhbneqsSbpÅ ssPh \nb{´Ww. Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

10

1þ2 In.{Kmw ss{St¡msUÀa, 100 In.{Kmw th¸n³ ]n®m¡v þNmWIs¸mSn (1:1) an{inX¯n tNÀ¯v a®n C«v sImSp¡pI. 10 {Kmw kyptUmsamWmkv, 2 In.{Kmw NmWIs¸mSnbntem It¼mÌntem tNÀ¯v sNSnbpsS Nph«n C«p sImSp¡pI. Ahkm\s¯ amÀKsa¶\nebnÂ, IpanÄ \min\nIfmb amt¦msk_v (C³tUm^nÂ) 0.2-þ0.3% {]tbmKn¨ Im\nIÄ \Sm\mbn D]tbmKn¡pI. \«Xn\v tijw tcmK_m[ ImWpt¼mÄ slIvädn\v 500 enäÀ emb\n F¶ IW¡n saÂ]dª IpanÄ \min\n Xfn¨p sImSp¡Ww. tcmKw IqSpX _m[n¨ Øm\§fn sNSnbpsS Nph«nepÅ a®v æXnêw hn[w Hgn¨p sImSp¯pw, tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIsf \ntÈjw \in¸n¨pw Cu tcmK§sf \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv. ss]\m¸nÄ aoen_Kv hnÂäv AtÊmkntbäUv sshdkv tcmKw tcmKImcWw : Bws]tem sshdkv (Ampelo virus) tcmK e£W§Ä CeIÄ Nph¸p\ndambn ‘d’ t]mse hfªp Icnªp t]mæì (Nn{Xw 12). thêIÄ \in¨v sNSn sam¯¯n hmSpì. Xé¸pIme¯v IqSpXembn Cu tcmKw Iméì. {]mbw ædªIm\nIÄ 2þ3 amk§fn tcmKe£W§Ä ImWnçt¼mÄ {]mbw æSnb Im\nIÄ 12 amk§Ä hsc kabsaSpçw. tcmK \nb{´Ww

12. aoen_Kv hnÂäv AtÊmkntbäUv sshdkv tcmK¯nsâ e£W§Ä sshdkv tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIÄ ]pÀ®ambn \in¸nçI. \SmëÅ Im\nIÄ tcmKkm[yXbnÃm¯ {]tZi§fn -\ns¶SpçI. æd¨v (< 3%) Im\nIÄ¡v am{Xsa tcmKw h¶n«pÅpsh¦n Ah ]ngpXp \in¸nçI Ddp¼pIsfbpw aoenaq«Isfbpw \nb{´nçI. IrjnØe¯v ]mgvsNSnIÄ hfcm³ AëhZn¡êXv. Ch Ddp¼pIÄçw aoenaq«IÄçw hfcm³ ImcWamæì. tcmKw ]c¯p¶ aoenaq«sb \nb{´nçI.

kpc£nX hnf kwc£W¯n\v Irjn ØeipNnXzw Dd¸p hê¯pI icnbmb \oÀÆmÀ¨ Dd¸p hê¯pI IoStcmK_m[bnÃm¯ BtcmKyapÅ H¶mw hÀj Im\nIÄ \SpI Im\nIfpsS icnbmb ]cnNcWw ss{St¡msUÀa, kyptUmsamWmkv {]tbmKw tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIsf \in¸nçI tcmKw ]c¯p¶ IoS§tfbpw IfItfbpw \nb{´nçI XpS¡¯ntebpÅ IoStcmK \nÀ®bhpw \nb{´Whpw Ahkm\ amÀKsa¶\nebn am{Xw ip]mÀibëkcn¨pÅ aêì {]tbmKw aäp ]cnNcW§Ä th\¡me¯v N¡ Nmªp \n¡mdp−v. AhbpsS Hê hiw kqcy{]Imi¯nsâ BLmX¯m \in¨v D]tbmKiq\yambn Xoêì. CXv XSbm³ N¡bpsS ta N¸pNhdpIÄ C«v `mKnIambn aqSp¶Xpw, AtX sNSnbpsS CeIÄsIm−v Xs¶ s]mXnªp sI«p¶Xpw \ÃXmWv. sNSnIÄ Nmªv t]mæt¼mÄ a®v AW¨v sImSpç¶Xpw hfsc ^e{]ZamWv. sNSn æeíphm³ XpS§p¶tXmsS Nph«n \nìw ]pXnb IìIÄ s]m«nhcm³ XpS§pw. Chbn Gähpw \à Hcp Iì am{Xw \nÀ¯n _m¡n ASÀ¯n Iftb−XmWv. N¡ s]m«n hêt¼mÄ Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

11

aæS¯nsâ Iq¼v am{Xw ëÅn Ifbp¶Xpw Én¸pIÄ ASÀ¯n Ifbp¶Xpw IqSpX hen¸apÅ N¡bp−mhm³ klmbIamWv. hnfshSp¸ v FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw Ignªv 4þ41-/2 amk-§Ä¡p-Ån audo-jykv, AarX, FwUn-.2 F¶o C\§Ä hnf-sh-Sp-¸n\v ]mI-am-Ipw. Iyq C\w FYn-t^m¬ Hgn¨v Ignªv GI-tZiw 5 1/4þ- 5 3/4 amkw FSp-¡pw hnf-sh-Sp-¸n-\v. ss]\m¸nÄ DÂ]mZ\w ]cnNcWapdIsfbpw \« Im\nIfpsS F®s¯bpw B{ibn¨ncnçw. X\n hnfbmbn 40,000 Im\nIÄ \Spt¼mÄ Hê slÎdn \nìw 40þ50 S¬ hnfhv e`nçw. dºÀ, sX§v tXm«§fn CShnfbmbn 20000þ25000 Im\nIÄ \Spt¼mÄ 25þ35 S¬ N¡ e`nçw. s\ hbepIfn \nìw CtX coXnbnÂ, Nnet¸mÄ CXn IqSpXepw hnfhv e`nçw. æänhnf BZyhÀjw N¡ sh«n FSp¯pIgnªm ]n¶oSv c−p hÀjw IqSn Ch æänhnfbmbn \ne\nÀ¯n \à coXnbn ]cnNcn¨m \à hnfhv e`nçw. hnfshSp¸v Ignªv \SNmepIfnte¡v \o−p \nÂç¶ CeIÄ apdn¨v Ifªv a®n hfw tNÀ¯v a®v AW¨psImSp¡Ww. hf{]tbmKw BZy hÀj¯n sNbvXXp t]mse Xs¶bmWv. Hmtcm sNSnbn \nìw hfsc IìIÄ s]m«n hêsa¦nepw Ahbn Gähpw \à Hcp Iì \ne\nÀ¯n _m¡nbpÅh ASÀ¯n amäWw. 4þ5 amkw Ignbpt¼mÄ AYhm s]m«n Xg¨phê¶ Im\nIfn 40þHmfw Ce hêt¼mÄ ho−pw FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S¯mw. hfsc \¶mbn ]cnNcnç¶ tXm«§fn Hì c−p amkw Ignªv ho−pw _m¡nbpÅ Im\nIfn 40þHmfw Ce hêt¼mÄ FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S¯mw. FYn-t^m¬ {]tbmKw \S¯n 120þ140 Znhkw Ignbpt¼mtgçw N¡ sh«n FSp¡mw. C§s\ hÀjw tXmdpw aqt¶m, \mtem XhW N¡ sh«n FSp¡mhp¶XmWv. N¡bpsS hep¸w Hmtcm hÀjw Ignbpt´mdpw sNdpXmbn hêw. X·qew 3 hÀjw Ignbpt¼mÄ BhÀ¯\ Irjn FSp¡Ww. D]tbmKw ss]\m¸nÄ {][m\ambpw 3 coXnbnemé D]tbmKnç¶Xv; t\cn«pw, Iym³ sNbvXpw, P|kmbpw. ss]\m¸nÄ [mcmfambn e`yamæ¶ kokWn Ah kwkvIcn¨v kq£nç¶Xv hÀjw apgph³ \ap¡v ss]\m¸nÄ DÂ]¶§fpsS e`yX Dd¸p hê¯pì. ss]\m¸nÄ 10þ130c 20 Znhkw hsc kq£n¡mhp¶XmWv. DXv]mZn¸nç¶ ss]\m¸nfn A[nIapÅ ]g§Ä kwkv¡cns¨Sp¯m \ap¡v hÀjw apgph³ AXv D]tbmKn¡m³ ]äpw. ho«½amÀ¡v Hgnhp kab¯p kvIzmjv, Pmw, sPÃn, A¨mdpIÄ, lÂh, Im³Un F¶nh X¿mdm¡mhp¶XmWv. CXn [mcmfw ImÂkyhpw, s]m«mkyhpw, tIm¸dpw, \mêIfpw, PohIw kobpw, _n-þ1pw, _n-þ6pw D−v. ss]\m¸nfnsâ Huj[KpW§Ä¡v \nZm\w t{_masebv³ F¶ F³sskw BWv. CXp Zl\{]n{Inbsb Dt¯Pn¸nçIbpw, icoc¯nse hnhn[ tISp]mSpIsf t]m¡n kZm Dt·jw \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pì. \oÀho¡w ian¸n¡mëÅ CXnsâ Ignhp sIm−v hmXw, I^w, F¶nh¡v ^e{]Zambn D]tbmKn¡mw. AXp t]mse Xs¶ kÔn hmX¯nëw, lrt{ZmK§sf {]Xntcm[nçhmëw, akvXnjvI¯nsâ DWÀhnëw CXp klmbnçì. ss]\m¸nÄ sIm−v X¿mdm¡mhp¶ GXmëw Nne hn`h§fmWvv P|kv, P|kv tIm³skt{âäv, knd¸v, kvIzmjv, Pmw, Im³Un, ]pÍnwKv, tI¡v, lÂh, tIkcn, Nn]vkv, t]m]vkv, ImcaÂ, t_mfn, AS, D−, ]mbkw, A¨mÀ, kmeUv, a[pc¡dn, ]pfntÈcn, ]¨Sn, NSv\n, eÊn, sFkv{Iow, sImsÎbnÂ, ssh³, thmUvI F¶nh (Nn{Xw 13). ChbpsS tNêhIfn sNdptXm heptXm Bb AëtbmPy amä§Ä hê¯n At\Iw hn`h§Ä X¿mdm¡m³ km[nç¶Xm¬v. hn]Wnbn ss]\m¸nÄ an¨ambpw hne Xméancnçt¼mÄ CXvt]msebpÅ H«\h[n hn`h§Ä X¿mdm¡n BZmbap−m¡mhp¶Xm¬v. C§s\ \½psS BtcmKy `£y km¼¯nI kpc£ Dd¸m¡mw. shÃphnfnIÄ tIcf¯n IrjntaJe s]mXpthbpw, ss]\m¸nÄ taJe {]tXyIn¨pw, {]XnkÔn t\cn«psIm−ncnçIbmWv. s]mXpth IrjntbmSpÅ XmÂ]cyçdhv, sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yw, hn]Wnbnse AØncX, DbÀ¶ Iqen, bqWnäv t]mjI¯nsâ DbÀ¶ hne, ss]\m¸nfnsâ hep¸¯n\ëkcn¨pÅ A, B, C t{KUnwK,v t{KUpIÄ X½nepÅ h³ hnehyXymkw C§s\ ]e ImcW§Ä CXnë−v. ss]\m¸nÄ taJebn Gdnhê¶ Hê Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com

ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbnse \à k{¼Zmb§Ä

12

{]hWX kz´w Øe¯v Irjn sN¿p¶hÀ Xptemw Npê¡w FìÅXmWv. h³tXmXnepÅ ]m«IrjnbmWv IqSpXepw. AXmbXv, ss]\m¸nÄ Irjn Hê A{Kn_nkn\Êv Bbn amdnIgnªncnçì. hmWnPy ASnØm\¯nepÅ ]m«Irjnbn em`þ\ãw hfsc \nÀ®mbIamWv. ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbndç¶Xn\v BZyhÀjw slÎÀ H¶n\v GXm−v 4.3 e£t¯mfw cq] sNehmæw. ]n¶oSpÅ hÀj§fn GXm−v 2.5 e£¯n IqSpX cq] sNehv ht¶çw. sNSn H¶n\v 15 cq]bn IqSpX sNehv hêì. AXmbXv 20 cq]bn IqSpX F¦nepw N¡ H¶n\v e`n¨mte Irjn em`IcamæIbpÅq. ss]\m¸nfn\v 50 cq] hsc h¶ kab§Ä D−v. AXpt]mse hn]W\w sN¿m³ km[n¡m¯ kab§fpw h¶n«p−v. 25 cq]sb¦nepw hnebp−s¦n BZyhÀjw apX Xs¶ em`w sImbvXpXpS§mw. Gähpw ædª sNehn Gähpw IqSpX A N¡ hnfbn¸n¨mte ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbn kpØncem`w In«pIbpÅp. kpØncem`aps−¦nse IÀjIÀ¡v ss]\m¸nÄ Irjnbn XmÂ]cyap−mhpIbpÅp. kpØnc BZmb¯n\v ss]\m¸nfnsâ hep¸¯n\ëkcn¨pÅ A, B, C t{KUnwKv aqew Hmtcm t{KUv ædbps´mdpw hne t\sc ]æXnbmbn ædbpì. AXn\m Gähpw IqSpX A N¡ hnfbn¸n¨mte kpØnc BZmbw e`nçIbpÅp. IqSpX A N¡ hnfbn¸n¡mëw kpØnc BZmb¯nëw Xmsg ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä {i²n¡Ww. • • • • • • • • • • •

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`qkqNnIbpÅ hmgçfw ss]\m¸nÄ (audnjykv) C\w Irjn sN¿pI \Ã\oÀhmÀ¨bpÅXpw, AÂ]w A¾Xbpw, \à ssPhhfIqdpÅXpamb aW IeÀ¶ a®v \à hnfhn\v \à kqcy{]Imiw thWw, th\¡me¯v aq¶v BgvNIqSpt¼mÄ \\¨psImSpçI IoStcmK_m[bnÃm¯ BtcmKyapÅ H¶mw hÀj Im\nIÄ \SWw. ss{St¡msUÀa, kyptUmsamWmkv, shÀ«nknÃnbw (20 g/l) apXembh {]tbmKn¡Ww icnbmb hnfkm{µX ]mençI (slÎdn\v X\nhnf¡v 40000, CShnf¡v 20000 Im\nIÄ) kwtbmNnX hf{]tbmK{Iaw ]mençI (Im\n H¶n\v: ssPh hfw 1 In.{Kmw, NPK 8:4:8 {Kmw; slÎdn\v: ssPh hfw 25 S¬, NPK 320:160:320 In.{Kmw, 3-4 XhWIfmbn) X ുs]m«Â Hgnhm¡m³ ss]\m¸nÄ ]pjv]nç¶ kab¯pw AanXambpw hf{]tbmKw AêXv. æänhnf¡v Gähpw \à Hcp Im\n am{Xw \ne \nÀ¯n _m¡nbpÅh ASÀ¯n amäWw IfIsf apfbnte \nb ി-¡pI (slÎdn\v 3 In.{Kmw ssUbqtdm¬ (¢mÊv) 600 enäÀ shůnÂ) ]pjv]n¡m³ 25 ppm FYn-t^m¬ 50 ml, 40--Ce ]êh¯n (\«v 7- amk-¯nÂ) Iq¼n Hgn-¡pI (1000 sNSnIÄ¡v 50 l shÅw + 3.2 ml F{X 39% + 1 kg bqdnb + 20 g ImÂkyw ImÀ_tWäv) kqcymLmXw XSbm³ N¡bpsS ta N¸pNhdpIÄ CSpIsbm s]mXnªp sI«psbm sN¿pI tcmKw ]c¯p¶ IoS§tfbpw IfItfbpw \nb{´nçI; tcmKw _m[n¨ sNSnIsf \in¸nçI XpS¡¯ntebpÅ IoStcmK \nÀ®bw, \nb{´Ww, Bhiysa¦n am{Xw ip]mÀibëkcn¨pÅ aêì {]tbmKw Joy PP. 2016. Pineapple Research Station (Kerala Agric. Univ.), Vazhakulam - 686 670, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam, Kerala Tel. & Fax: 0485-2260832, Email: [email protected], [email protected], Web: http://prsvkm.kau.in, prsvkm.tripod.com