Course Code: GCS-P125
STRUTS FRAMEWORK
CONTENTS Configuring a Struts application The Controller The Views Managing Errors Struts Validator Internationalization Struts JDBC Connection Pool Struts Tools References
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Configuring a Struts application
The Web Application Directory Structure The WEB-INF directory is where the deployment descriptor for the web application should be placed.
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.)
Configuring the web.xml file for Struts
Struts Blank Application action org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet config /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml action *.do
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.)
Configuring the Tag Libraries The taglib-uri element specifies a URI identifying a tab library that is used by the web application. The taglib-location element specifies the location (as a resource) of the tag library descriptor file. /tags/struts-bean /WEB-INF/struts-bean.tld /tags/struts-html /WEB-INF/struts-html.tld /tags/struts-logic /WEB-INF/struts-logic.tld /tags/struts-tiles /WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.) Setting up the Welcome File List index.jsp Configuring Error Handling in web.xml 404 /common/404.jsp 500 /common/500.jsp
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.)
Using the exception-type element instead of the error-code
javax.servlet.ServletException /common/system_error.jsp
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.) The Struts Configuration File The data-sources Element
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.) The form-beans Element
The global-forwards Element
The action-mappings Element The element configures the mappings from submitted request paths to the corresponding Action classes for a particular sub-application.
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.) The message-resources Element The element specifies characteristics of the message resource bundles that contain the localized messages for an application. The plug-in Element
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Configuring a Struts application (cont.)
Download: - Start at http://jakarta.apache.org/site/binindex.cgi or follow link from http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/ Unzip into a directory of your choice - E.g., C:\jakarta-struts-1.1 - Here after referred to as struts_install_dir Update your CLASSPATH - Add struts_install_dir/lib/struts.jar Copy the .tld files into WEB-INF, copy struts.jar (and all of the common*.jar files) into WEB-INF/lib Tomcat / JDK 1.4
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The Controller
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The Controller(cont.)
The ActionServlet Class The org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet acts as the primary controller for the Struts framework. All requests from the client tier must pass through this component before proceeding anywhere else in the application. The RequestProcessor Class process()method of the org.apache.struts.action.RequestProcessor is called by the ActionServlet instance and passed the current request and response objects.
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The Controller (cont.)
request
doGet()
call process() ActionServlet RequestProcessor.process() doPost() find FormBean and Action from strutsconfig.xml
determined target
return an ActionForward to RequestProcessor Action.execute() forward to
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ActionForm.validate()
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The Views
Using Views within the Struts Framework HTML Documents JSP Custom Tag Libraries JavaScript and Style Sheets Multimedia Files Message Bundles ActionForm Classes
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The Views (cont.)
ActionForm
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The Views (cont.) import org.apache.struts.action.*; public class MyForm extends ActionForm { protected String name; protected String address; public String getName(){ return this.name; }; public String getAddress(){ return this.address; }; public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }; public void setAddress(String address){ this.address = address; }; };
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The Views (cont.) public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping actionMapping, HttpServletRequest resquest) { /** @todo: Override this org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm method*/ return super.validate(actionMapping, resquest); }
Using in Edit Form Set the form’s data members back to their default values
public void reset(ActionMapping actionMapping, HttpServletRequest request) { /** @todo: Override this org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm method*/ super.reset(actionMapping, request); UserBean userBean = (UserBean ) request.getSession().getAttribute( " userBean"); if (userBean != null) { this.address = userBean .getAddress(); this.name = userBean .getName(); } }
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The Views (cont.) public String toString() { StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(); buf.append("address =").append(address).append(" "); buf.append(“name=").append(name).append(" "); return buf.toString(); }
Using an ActionForm in an Action public ActionForward execute( ActionMapping mapping,ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ) throws Exception{ String address = ((UserForm)form).getAddress(); String name = ((UserForm)form).getName();
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Managing Errors
ActionErrors In Action ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors(); errors.add("propertyname", new ActionError("key"); saveErrors(request, errors); Output error messages in JSP :
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Managing Errors (cont.)
In ApplicationResources
errors.header=Validation Error
You must correct the following error(s) before proceeding:
errors.prefix=- errors.suffix=
errors.footer=
errors.required={0} is required. errors.minlength={0} cannot be less than {1} characters. errors.maxlength={0} cannot be greater than {1} characters. errors.invalid={0} is invalid. errors.byte={0} must be a byte. errors.short={0} must be a short. errors.integer={0} must be an integer. errors.date={0} is not a date. errors.range={0} is not in the range {1} through {2}. errors.creditcard={0} is an invalid credit card number. errors.email={0} is an invalid e-mail address. error.session.expired=Session expired.
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Struts Validator
Required Packages commons-validator.jar and jakarta-oro.jar Add validator-rules.xml ,validate.xml to struts-config.xml
Client-side validations
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Struts Validator (cont.)
Client-side validations
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Struts Validator (cont.)
Server-side validations public class LogonForm extends ValidatorForm {
Basic validators Declare in validation.xml
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Struts Validator (cont.)
Server-side validations
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Internationalization
Add Message Resources into struts-config.xml
parameter="fr.paris.dasco.pvp.ApplicationResources"/>
ApplicationResources_xx.properties Ex: ApplicationResources_fr.properties for French ApplicationResources_ja.properties for Japannese
Using the Tag <bean:message key="app.title"/> With : app.title = Struts Ex Defined in ApplicationResources. properties
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Struts JDBC connection pool What Is a DataSource? A JDBC DataSource is an object described by the JDBC 2.0 extensions package that is used to generically represent a database management system (DBMS). The DataSource is defined by the interface javax.sql.DataSource; it is described as a factory containing JDBC Connection objects.
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Struts JDBC connection pool (cont.)
Using a DataSource in Your Struts Application Add jdbc2_0−stdext.jar in lib In struts-config.xml
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Struts JDBC connection pool (cont.) Using in Action //import datasource import javax.sql.DataSource; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import java.sql.Connection; …………………………
ServletContext context = servlet.getServletContext(); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) context.getAttribute("jdbc/oracle_pvp"); Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
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Struts Tools
Camino Pro 3.1.1 (http://www.scioworks.com/) Create the struts skeleton. Convert JSPs to struts format. Generate Action and ActionForm Generate web.xml and struts-config.xml ...... Struts Studio
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References
http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/ Ebook : Mastering Jakarta Struts, Struts in Action, Jakarta Struts...
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The end
Thank you for your attention!
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