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Letter from Illinois
February 1936
Mr. and Mrs. Roosevelt Wash., D.C.
Dear Mr. President:
t my family. My father hasn’t I’m a boy of 12 years. I want to tell you abou f, he filled out application. They worked for 5 months. He went plenty times to relie e you do something. We haven’t paid won’t give us anything. I don’t know why. Pleas bell, we don’t open the door for 4 months rent. Everyday the landlord rings the door out before, and don’t want to happen him. We are afraid that will be put out, been put ric bill, haven’t paid grocery bill for again. We haven’t paid the gas bill, and the elect ol. he’s eighteen years old, hasn’t 3 months. My brother goes to Lane Tech. High Scho are. I have a sister she’s twenty gone to school for 2 weeks because he got no carf home. All the time he’s crying years, she can’t find work. My father he staying crying daddy, and daddy said why because he can’t find work. I told him why are you e. I feel sorry for him. That night I shouldn’t I cry when there is nothing in the hous r to you in my room. Were American couldn’t sleep. The next morning I wrote this lette know why they don’t help us Please citizens and were born in Chicago, Ill. and I don’t ve Thank you. answer right away because we need it. will star God bless you.
[Anonymous] Chicago, Ill.
Robert S. McElvaine. sion: Letters from the Forgotten Man by From Down and Out in the Great Depres sion of the publisher. permis by Used Press. a Carolin North Copyright © 1983 by the University of
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Letter from Ohio Cleveland, Ohio November 10, 1940
Dear Mrs. Roosevelt:
order to find a job. Since my dad died 3 years I am a boy of 17, I quit school 2 years ago in ched his insurance money so far as it would ago we haven’t been able to do so good. We stret go, but now we have to face it. 3rd falling due this Wednesday, the 13th. We We are behind 2 months in our rent and the mother, 3 boys and myself. I really wouldn’t pay $15 a month for 4 rooms. There are 5 of us, our house. We’ve got till Wednesday to be writing this, but I can’t see ourselves evicted from It would be all right if it was only me because get either all or at least half of our rent paid up. My mother can’t get work because she just I could take care of myself one way or another. afraid that if nothing comes up I will turn to recovered from tuberculosis and must rest. I am crime as a means of getting financial help. at night and shine shoes. They go mostly in My little brothers are shoeshiners. They go out t say, why don’t we go on relief, well you beer gardens. Their little money even helps. You migh she would rather starve than get relief. just can’t convince my mother on that. She said 0 a week. We could get along on this in I am working as a grocery store clerk at $8.0 problem. summer but not in winter on account of the coal about $35.00 or more, we could get on our I was wondering that maybe you could loan us will greatly appreciate this second start in life feet again and once again hold up our heads. We with all of our hearts. letter in some way . . . Will you please be so kind as to answer this Thanks Ever So Much V. B. F. e Wednesday somehow. I’ll be praying P.S. Please, again I say, try to answer this letter befor h with interest until it is all paid up. every night for your loan. I’ll give you $1.00 a mont afraid it might be thrown out by your P.S. The reason I marked it personal is that I was secretaries before you even read it.
Cohen. Children of the Great Depression by Robert From Dear Mrs. Roosevelt: Letters from of the publisher. North Carolina Press. Used by permission of sity Univer the by 2002 © ght Copyri
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Letter from New Jersey
Dear Mrs. Roosevelt;
Verona, N.J. November 10, 1938
I am a young girl ni neteen (19) years old, I have had a lot of sickn younger day which de ess in my layed my schooling. I am finishing High school in has been out of work February. Dad since last June. We los t our house in Newark for almost twenty (20) . . . which we had years. Unable to find an y houses in Newark, w Verona. I have an older e moved to brother who is the on ly one working, and he a week, which is just ab makes only $15 out enough to keep up the rent. There are six the family, a sister an (6) children in d brother in Vocationa l schools and a younge school. We have little r one in grammar to eat . . . My eyes have been bad . . . and now I need my glasses changed I do money and it is very dif n’t have the ficult for me to contin ue my studies. We have buy clothing and use on had no money to ly what people gave us . Graduation is very expensive because ther e are so many things Could you loan me twen to get and pay for. ty-five dollars so I can gr ad ua te . I school, but I need my ex am trying to get a job after tra time for studies, an d th e on ly w . . After graduation I w or k I ca n ge t is day work . ill try and get a job, fo r I have but one ambit I will save and send yo ion , to be a nurse. u back your money th en I wll help my family a little maby by Septem , an d if I can save ber, I will have enough for my entrance fee, in It is very embarrassin to some Hospital. g not to be able to dres s like the other girls, an for my class dress . . . d not have money
Having no one else to turn to I am asking you, can’t you help us to do. I will be waiting or tell us something to hear from you and please keep this person of us. al between the two
Yours very truly, [Anonymous]
From Dear Mrs. Roo sevelt: Letters from Children of the Gre Copyright © 2002 at Depression by by the University Robert Cohen. of North Carolina Press. Used by per mission of the pub lisher.
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Lyrics About the Dust Bowl (Texas) Dust Bowl Refugee I’m a dust bowl refugee, Just a dust bowl refugee. From that dust bowl to the peach bowl, Now the peaches is killing me. ’Cross the mountain to the sea, Come the wife and kids and me. It’s a hot old dusty highway For a dust bowl refugee. Hard, it’s always been that way, Here today and on our way Down that mountain, ’cross the desert, Just a dust bowl refugee. We are ramblers so they say, We are only here today. Then we travel with the seasons, We’re the dust bowl refugees. From the southland and the droughtland, Come the wife and kids and me. And this old world is a hard world For a dust bowl refugee. Yes we ramble and we roam, And the highway, that’s our home. It’s a never-ending highway For a dust bowl refugee. Yes we wander and we work In your crops and in your fruit. Like the whirlwinds on the desert, That’s the dust bowl refugees. I’m a dust bowl refugee, I’m a dust bowl refugee. And I wonder will I always Be a dust bowl refugee.
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—Woody Guthrie
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Letter from Oregon July 25, 1939
Mr. and Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt The White House Washington, D.C.
Dear Sir and Madam:—
I simply have to write to some one about the Hardly expect this to reach you personally but . hopelessness of our trying to earn an honest living school this fall, the other boy in junior-high. We are a family of four, one boy to enter high of the terrific struggle trying to make both We’ve been married sixteen years, happily, in spite ends meet. thousands of others. We started out Our problem is the same as hundreds, more likely of our married life and are still trying to pay with doctor and hospital bills the first few years live even comfortably on it as most of it goes them off. We make a fair living wage but can’t have tried to get on a cash basis but then to pay these old bills, all drawing interest now. We future hasn’t a sign of a rose tint. Is there a the creditors press us. No matter how we try the solution? . . .
We don’t ask for charity or relief, but just help
to get on our feet and free of debt.
le, trying to get along? How can people be Isn’t there aid of some sort for the honest peop cent is needed for old accounts? I personally happy, contented and good Americans when every What is to become of us? We can’t save for a know dozens of families, struggling just as we are. rainy day because every cent is needed for bills. be sure we can manage high school. We’ve We want to educate our boys but we can’t even not more than $500, then we’d only have to tried to get a loan at the bank, enough for all bills, interest on one account and could make monthly pay interest on one account and could easily pay ruptcy, said we didn’t have a chance other payments on one account. The banker advised bank pay them if possible . . . wise. They are justly owed bills and we want to g you can give us a bit of advice too. You are both doing a wonderful job but I’m hopin Very sincerely Mrs. Ivan G. Martin Foster, Oregon
and War by Cathy D. Knepper. to Eleanor Roosevelt Through Depression From the book Dear Mrs. Roosevelt: Letters Group, Inc. & Graff, a Division of Avalon Publishing Carroll er, publish the of sion permis by Copyright © 2004. Appears
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ILLINOIS Rising Unemployment Affects Millions of Americans From 1929 to 1933, almost one in every seven businesses failed. In 1933, when Lorena Hickok began her travels, 13 million Americans were out of work. That number amounted to about 25 percent of the workforce. In comparison, only about 3.1 percent of the popula on had been jobless before the stock market crash in 1929. Most unemployed Americans wanted to work. Losing their jobs was a crushing blow to people who were accustomed to providing for their families and who believed in the American ideal of opportunity for all. Those who did manage to keep their jobs o en found their hours—and their pay—reduced. When companies had to lay people off, they first let go of very young, elderly, and minority workers. African American unemployment rose as high as 50 percent in some ci es during the Depression. When the New Deal began in 1933, about 20 percent of people listed on government relief rolls were African Americans, even though they made up only about 10 percent of the popula on. At first, the economic collapse struck men harder than women. Men tended to work in heavy industries like automobile assembly and steelmaking, which were badly hit by the downturn. Sectors of the economy in which women tended to work declined less. Female secretaries, waitresses, maids, and telephone operators o en kept their jobs, at least at first. As the Depression wore on, employers began firing women to give the jobs to men with families to support. Many states refused to hire women for government jobs if their husbands earned a living wage, or a wage high enough to provide an acceptable standard of living. Unemployment had a cascading effect. The unemployed had li le to spend, so many businesses lost customers and had to close—increasing unemployment. In addi on to losing their jobs, many people lost their savings and their homes. Financial Woes Stress American Families Families suffered not only financial but also psychological stress when breadwinners lost their jobs. Many jobless men and women felt ashamed of being unemployed, believing they had brought it on themselves. Men also o en felt that they lost status and authority within their families when they lost their jobs. One unemployed man put it this way: “During the depression, I lost something. Maybe you call it selfrespect, but in losing it I also lost the respect of my children, and I am afraid that I am losing my wife. ” For some Americans, these strains were too much to take. The suicide rate reached an all‐ me high during the Depression. Families struggled to stay together during the lean years. Those who could not afford rent some mes squeezed in with rela ves or friends. But when costs rose too high, thousands of people, many of them teenagers, le home. One man recalled that when he turned 16, his father told him, “Go fend for yourself. I cannot afford to have you around any longer.” The Depression affected family life in other ways as well. The marriage rate declined 22 percent from 1929 to 1933, and the birth rate also dropped. Couples were postponing ge軀�ng married un l their finances improved. The divorce rate also fell, since many couples could not afford to live separately or to pay the legal fees involved in a divorce.
Illinois
The Great Depression was par cularly severe in Chicago because of the city's reliance on manufacturing, the hardest hit sector na onally. Only 50 percent of the Chicagoans who had worked in the manufacturing sector in 1927 were s ll working there in 1933. African Americans and Mexicans were par cularly hurt. By 1932, 40 to 50 percent of black workers in Chicago were unemployed. Many Mexicans returned, responding to incen ves like the free transporta on offered from Chicago, or to the more coercive measures in Gary, Indiana Harbor, and South Chicago. Nor were white‐collar employees necessarily safe. By February 1933, public school teachers were owed eight and a half months' back pay. The city's difficul es were exacerbated by a fiscal crisis that had begun in the late 1920s. A 1928 property reassessment prevented the city from collec ng taxes; it was immediately followed by a widespread tax strike. The financially strapped city could not afford to meet its own payroll, and by February 1, 1932, the city's emergency relief funds were totally exhausted. Tradi onal sources of help ( religious ins tu ons, benevolent socie es, mutual benefit socie es ) were o en on the brink of financial ruin themselves. Neither private chari es nor the city was equipped for such devasta ng hard mes.
OHIO Evictions Force People Out of Their Homes Without a steady income—or some mes any income at all—many people could not pay their rent. When they failed to pay, their landlords would evict them. Evic on is a legal process that landlords use to remove tenants from their property. Similarly, if homeowners could not make their monthly mortgage payments, banks would foreclose on their homes, forcing families to find shelter elsewhere. Those who became homeless did their best to get by. Some crowded into apartments with other families, huddling together against the cold when they could not afford fuel for heat. Others slept on park benches, in doorways, or, as one young homeless man reported, in haystacks, tobacco warehouses, a YMCA, a Salva on Army shelter, and jails. Once he even pried open a church window, climbed in, and pulled two seats together to make a bed. As an increasing number of people lost their homes, Hoovervilles sprang up around many ci es. Sea le's Hooverville consisted of more than 200 shacks made of tarpaper, old crates, and other scrap materials. City officials tried twice to get rid of the makeshi village by burning the shacks to the ground. When that did not work, they agreed to leave the residents alone. Although divorce rates dropped during the 1930s, deser on rates rose. Some men, finding themselves unable to support their families, le home to live on the streets. “ These are dead men,” one writer observed. “ They are ghosts that walk the streets by day. They are ghosts sleeping with yesterday's newspapers thrown around them for covers at night.” Teenagers also le home, o en to ride the railroads in search of work. Hopping on and off moving freight trains, however, carried its own set of dangers. “I nearly was killed on my first train ride,” one man who le home at 16 later recalled. “All I could think of was I shouldn't have got on this train. And if I lose my grip I'm gonna die. And what would my mother think?” Ohio The Great Depression especially hurt Ohioans. By 1933, more than forty percent of factory workers and sixty‐seven percent of construc on workers were unemployed in Ohio. Approximately fi y percent of industrial workers in Cleveland and eighty percent in Toledo were unemployed. In 1932, Ohio's unemployment rate for all residents reached 37.3 percent. Industrial workers who retained their jobs usually faced reduced hours and wages. These people had a difficult me suppor ng their families. Many of Ohio's city residents moved to the countryside, where they hoped to grow enough food to feed their families.
OREGON Struggling to Get By People who lost their jobs did whatever they could think of to survive. Those who owned land o en grew food, both to eat and to trade for other necessi es. In ci es, some people sold apples on the street, from which they might make $1.15 on a good day. Others sold anything they could to earn a li le money for food. One young ar st traveled around the country pain ng and selling portraits on the street for 25 cents each. Another man described his “racket” this way: “I go around to the houses and ask if they've any ght windows or bureau drawers they would like to have loosened.” Scraping by to meet basic needs, many Americans made sacrifices in all realms of life. The financial crisis forced some 80,000 college students to drop out of school during the 1932–33 school year. Most would never return to complete their educa on. Middle‐class men traded in their white collars for overalls in order to bring home a paycheck. The work might not be what they had once hoped for, but they preferred it to going on government relief. Before Franklin Roosevelt launched his New Deal in 1933, there were few places the poor and unemployed could turn for help. Herbert Hoover had believed that private chari es could cope with the economic crisis, as they had with earlier downturns, and he had encouraged Americans to rely on them to do so. Many wealthy Americans generously supported chari es to help the less fortunate. In New York City, charitable dona ons for the needy increased from $4.5 million in 1930 to $21 million in 1932. At mes, charity also came from unexpected sources. For example, the notorious gangster Al Capone and his gang established the first soup kitchen in Chicago in 1930. Capone hoped that this act of charity would help clean up his shady image and keep him out of jail. It did not—he was tried and convicted of income tax evasion the following year. Oregon The lumber industry, buoyed by heavy orders and high prices during World War I, weathered the postwar economic decline, and remained the region’s predominant industry. By 1929, Northwest sawmills were cu軀�ng 11.7 billion board feet of lumber a year and suppor ng a million jobs. Then the economic crash of 1929 sent the na on’s economy into free fall. Not only mber, but fishing, farming, and mining—the extrac ve industries that were the backbone of the coastal economy—suffered from plumme ng markets, as the na onwide malaise curtailed industrial produc on and domes c spending. Between 1929 and 1932, lumber exports were cut in half, and the salmon pack declined by 120 million pounds. Employment in produc on industries dropped by more than one‐third: for every one hundred Oregon workers who had been employed in 1929, there were sixty‐three in 1933. The Oregon Coast, and indeed the whole state, became a place of idled mills, mines, and factories; unemployed workers; and families in need. Some Oregonians le to seek their fortunes elsewhere, even as refugees streamed in from the Dust Bowl, where the suffering was even more dire. An es mated ten thousand families came to the Northwest from the parched Great Plains in 1936. S ll, for every three who came to Oregon, two le . Tax delinquencies soared. By 1936, Oregon landowners were delinquent on $40 million in taxes. Huge acreages of mberlands reverted to coun es, as their owners walked away rather than pay the taxes. The ques on of what to do with these lands set up a sequence of events that would propel the state of Oregon into the land and mber business in 1948, when Oregon passed a controversial bond issue to reforest the Tillamook Burn.
The Tillamook Burn began with a forest fire in August 1933, purportedly touched off by a careless logging operator. The fire, fanned by a hot east wind, burned 240,000 acres of mostly virgin Douglas‐fir forest—an area one‐third the size of Rhode Island—in Tillamook and Clatsop Coun es on the northwestern Oregon Coast. Three more fires—in 1939, 1945, and 1951—le a massive blackened landscape and caused people to wonder if they would ever see trees growing in the Tillamook country again.
TEXAS Natural Disasters Intensify the Suffering As the year 1931 began, most farmers on the Great Plains were feeling op mis c. Wheat prices were holding up despite the Depression, and prospects for a record‐breaking crop looked good. That summer, however, the rains abruptly stopped, and crops began to wither; then strong winds began to blow across the plains. Black Blizzards Plague the Great Plains At first, farmers on the Great Plains viewed the disastrous summer of 1931 as a freak of nature. The following year, they once again planted their fields and waited for the rain needed to nourish their crops. However, that rain never came—not that summer, nor the summers that followed. The prolonged drought devastated farmers, who could not get their land to produce anything but dust. As disrup ve as the drought was, the dust storms proved to be worse. Winds whipping across the plains picked up the dried‐out topsoil and formed ominous black clouds. The blowing dust became so thick that people called the storms black blizzards. As one eyewitness recalled decades later, “The wind kept blowing harder and harder. It kept getting darker and darker. And the old house is just avibratin' like it was gonna blow away. And I started trying to see my hand. And I kept bringing my hand up closer and closer and closer and closer. And I finally touched the end of my nose and I still couldn't see my hand. That's how black it was.” People tried to protect themselves by covering their faces with pieces of cloth and tacking sheets over doorways, but these efforts did li le good. By the me a storm ended, one housewife reported, “Everything was full of dust.” The prolonged drought affected 100 million acres of farmland in Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, and Kansas. A journalist traveling through the region at the me described it as a Dust Bowl—a name that stuck. The Natural Impact of the Drought: Desertification In 1932, the weather bureau reported the occurrence of 14 dust storms. Within a year, the number nearly tripled, reaching 38. The Great Plains was experiencing deser fica on, a process in which land becomes increasingly dry and desertlike. The Human Impact of the Drought: Depopulation Although the federal government geared up to combat the drought, it took ac on too late for many farmers. During the 1930s, a quarter of the people living in the Dust Bowl le the region. Some had no op on but to depart a er banks foreclosed on their farms. Others moved away because breathing in the dust was making their families sick. S ll others simply gave up, loading their possessions into a car or truck and driving away. As the dry years piled up, depopula on, or the loss of residents from an area, took a heavy toll on the region. With their customers moving away, banks and business failed. Since few students arrived to fill classrooms, schools closed. Even churches shut their doors, as few people remained to come together in prayer on Sundays. Once‐bustling farming communi es turned into ghost towns. Some of the Dust Bowl refugees headed for nearby ci es in hopes of finding work. However, with the unemployment rate s ll high, jobs were scarce, so many more people le the region en rely. Like the fic onal Joad family in John
Steinbeck's novel about Dust Bowl migrants, T he Grapes of Wrath, those who le o en followed U.S. Route 66 to California. California appealed to migrants for its promise of farmwork in the fer le Central Valley. Californians nicknamed the newcomers Okies because many of them came from Oklahoma. During the 1930s, more than 300,000 people migrated from Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri to California. Once they arrived, however, their travels were not always over. Many trekked along a migrant‐farmworker circuit that followed the ripening of crops up and down the state. Star ng near the Mexican border in the spring they picked peas and later moved north to pick strawberries. Then they headed farther north un l they reached the San Joaquin Valley, where co on was blooming. All summer long, they followed ripening fruit up and down the Central Valley, moving from one farm labor camp to the next as the crops required. In me, however, most of the migrants would find steadier work and put down roots.
NEW JERSEY Millions Face Hunger and Starvation In addi on to homelessness, loss of work o en led to hunger. For many, going hungry was a new experience. One teenager who le home to find work later recalled, “I was hungry all the me, and I wasn't used to hunger. I'd never been hungry before, dreadfully hungry.” In a le er to Eleanor Roosevelt, another teenager reported, “My brother and I some mes even went to bed without supper because we understand that the others [in our family] need it more than we do.” Hunger led to malnutri on—a physical condi on that results from not ge軀�ng an adequate diet of healthy food—among the poor. According to surveys conducted in the 1930s, as many as one in five children in New York endured malnutri on at the peak of the Depression. In coal‐mining areas, childhood malnutri on rates may have risen as high as 90 percent. Lack of proper nutri on le people vulnerable to diseases. One study reported that the illness rate among families of the unemployed soared to 66 percent higher than that of families with a full‐ me wage earner. Not surprisingly, the poor could rarely afford the medical care their sicknesses required. People did their best to feed themselves and their families. Some picked through garbage cans looking for scraps, some stole, and s ll others begged. Families were known to subsist on potatoes, crackers, or dandelions. Lorena Hickok witnessed desperate mothers in South Dakota feeding their children a soup made of Russian thistle, a plant Hickok likened to barbed wire. Reporter Louis Adamic described being at home one morning when his doorbell rang. He looked out expecting to see the postman. Instead, he saw a girl, as we learned afterward, of ten and a boy of eight. Not very adequate for the season and weather, their clothing was patched but clean. They carried school books. “Excuse me, Mister,” said the girl in a voice that sounded older than she looked, “but we have no eats in our house and my mother said I should take my brother before we go to school and ring a doorbell in some house”—she swallowed heavily and took a deep breath—“and ask you for something to eat.” —Louis Adamic, My America, 1938 To feed the hungry, soup kitchens sprang up across the country. Soup was easy to prepare and could be increased in order to feed more people by adding water. Breadlines—long lines of people wai ng for their bowl of soup and piece of bread—became a common sight in most ci es. For many, that soup kitchen meal was the only food they would eat all day. At one point, New York City had 82 soup kitchens, which provided the needy with 85,000 meals a day. New Jersey When the Great Depression hit, thousands of New Jerseyians who lost jobs began to rely on relief funds to feed their families. Teachers, fireman, policeman, and city workers were denied pay raises when the economies of their ci es started to go bad. Some mes, these same towns and ci es could not afford to pay anything at all: if you were a teacher or policeman in New Jersey during the Great Depression people o en worked for nothing. Industrial towns like Trenton were hit especially hard as manufacturing declined and thousands of New Jersey’s workers lost their jobs. John A. Roebling’s Sons Company, Trenton’s biggest employer, asked its workers to reduce their work hours by 50 percent in order to avoid layoffs. In Morris County, The Warren Foundry and Pipe Company, a large employer which operated one of the two remaining opera onal mines in the county, was struggling and announced a ten
percent wage reduc on so it could stay open. But in many parts of New Jersey, workers and laborers were told even worse news: there was no work at all. People relied on handouts all over the country, but the situa on in New Jersey was so desperate that the state took to issuing begging licenses. These licenses were issued to the poor and unemployed in the state since government funds were becoming exhausted due to the overwhelming demand for relief. There was no federal or state unemployment insurance, and some private businesses stepped up to help alleviate condi ons. The Daily Record reported that employees of the Jersey Central Power and Light established a special unemployment fund while a bakery, for a number of weeks, baked approximately 50 extra bread loaves every Saturday to distribute to families. Hipson’s Dairy in Morris County distributed gallons of skimmed milk to families with small children while department stores in the area gave children’s clothing to the needy for the winter. American Legion Post No. 59 in Morristown had a town‐wide drive for canned foods, and clothing and shoes that were no longer needed. Name ________________________________________________________________ DUE DATE___________________________ Per ______
The Human Impact of the Great Depression: Le ers Directions: D uring your tour of the country (research), you learned about ordinary Americans who experienced the Great Depression. Like Lorena Hickok, you will now report your discoveries. Use the informa on in your scrapbook to write a le er to Eleanor Roosevelt describing the hardships people endured during the Depression. Your le er should be a bout one page in length and must have the following: ❏ An appropriate date, saluta on, and closing. ❏ A brief introduc on summarizing the states you visited and the types of people you met. ❏ A descrip on of your visit to a t least two states . For each state, include ❏ —informa on on the hardships people faced during the Depression and the ways in which they endured those hardships ❏ —a quota on and one or more facts from the reading ❏ —any relevant Key Content Terms. ❏ At l east four of these words : betrayal, change, depressed, despera on, des tute, dreadful, encourage, honorable, hope, ideals, plague, pride, self‐respect, shame, stress, suffer, worth. ❏ A c onclusion summarizing your thoughts about how ordinary Americans endured the hardships they faced during this me period. h p://photogrammar.yale.edu/map
Name _________________________________________________________________ Date _________________ Per __________
The Human Impacts of the Great Depression How did ordinary American endure the hardships of the Great Depression? Directions: Study the effects of the Great Depression on five different states. Examine the photograph and the primary source at each station. Read over the information from each state and record notes in the space with the matching photograph, making a “scrapbook” of the Great Depression. Include the following in your notes for each station: Three or more important and interesting facts from the reading A thought bubble for the person in the photograph that describes the hardships he or she faced during the Depression A quotation from the primary source at the station that describes at least one way people endured the hardships of the Depression Additional creative touches to make your scrapbook realistic, such as a sketch of an item you picked up during your visit to that state After collecting research, your will write a letter to Eleanor Roosevelt from the voice of someone living through the Great Depression
ILLINOIS:
OHIO:
TEXAS:
OREGON:
NEW JERSEY:
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