IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014, Pg. 62-67

International Journal of Research in Information Technology (IJRIT)

www.ijrit.com

ISSN 2001-5569

Grid Unbalanced Condition-An Islanding Detection Method using Dual-Frequency Harmonic Current Injection V.Malli Karjuna Reddy M.Tech (Electrical Power Systems) E-mail:[email protected]

K.Dinesh Kumar Reddy M.Tech-Asst. Professor, EEE Dept E-Mail:[email protected]

Dr. A Venkateswara Reddy M.Tech, Professor and Head of Department E-Mail: [email protected]

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, VidyaNagar, Pallvolu, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh 516362 AbstractThis paper proposes a three phase network impedance discovery way based on dual number of times harmonic current injection for islanding discovery network impedance discovery based on single harmonic current injection is safe, good in three phase impedance balanced network However under impedance 1unbalanced condition the harmonic electric force caused by the put like in size harmonic current is asymmetric which has an effect on the answers by mathematics of network impedances and even leads to failed discovery The way based on dual number of times harmonic current injection is injecting two not representative like in size harmonic currents and then according to the different harmonic measured in volts caused by different number of times harmonic currents all three phase impedances 3 can be worked out accurately 4 The implementing Algorithm 5 of the pre sented way is formed (from) and its doing a play is got broken up (into simpler parts) in detail simulation 6 and experiments 7 are doed under network impedance 1 balanced and unbalanced conditions theoretical 8 analysis 9 and experiment 10 results proved that the made an offer way is possible list of words in a book come to agreement against islanding discovery made distribution genera 11 tion DG harmonic current injection impedance 1 discovery three phase network connected inverter I name person when meeting for first time HE complete increase in energy 12 using up is a give to able hard question in the current power supply system which leads the development of renewable energy 12 sources 13 to get up In the made distribution power system made distribution power complete persons living time systems such as wind turbines 14 photovoltaic 15 PV systems have the largest use of in our time However if these systems are not rightly controlled their connection to the use network can lead to network changing state or even unsuccessful person 1 4 The uncontrolla bility and limited able to use of made distribution livingstages DGs may outcome in a great number, mass of issues 5 6 e 16 g 17 not (good) enough going to earth unanticipated system of care for trade and safety problems Thus on these right times by-chance islanding is not permitted upon islanding discovery the made distribution useable thing DR units are Re 18 quired to be took away connection which is certain as against islanding in addition to in order to give space more and more DGs and have more the power network microgrid which can keep working without the use network is put forward and researched recently If self-ruled operation of an island is permitted 7 tightly is landing discovery is needed for right decision making to manage self-ruled operation of island Thus in either example islanding discovery is a thing needed for use of DR units In general there are several islanding discovery methods which can be put in order into news based methods DR actionless political representative in a country methods and DR active 19 political representative in a country methods et Al making a comparison with the actionless methods active methods not discovery band is much smaller so the discovery arcy is observably high active political representative in a country methods join go smoothly form number of times shift active frequency direction active number of times direction with positive take-back 14 or Sandia number of times shift network impedance 1 discovery 18 23 et Al 20 Except network impedance 1 discovery way most of active 19 techniques use positive 23 take-backs in their trick trol circles to control reactive 24 power and make go more quickly under over number of times or under over electric force threshold 25 breaking when the network is not present to support the number of times or electric force 24 network impedance 1 discovery uses the network impedance 1 to V.Malli Karjuna Reddy, IJRIT

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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014, Pg. 62-67 judge the network state 26 The European quality example EN503 301 1 groups the of value become feeble safe system of care for trade connection for the PV line commutated changers whose end, purpose is to put or keep away the supply within 5 s after an impedance 1 change of 0 5 In order to discover the three phase network impedances 3 and get done the against islanding end, purpose several methods have been made an offer in 24 26 giving thought to as that the positive 23 electric force would make hard the positive 23 order impedances 3 discovery the literature 27 24 presented an impedance 1 discovery way based on not order current injection In 25 by intermit tently injecting the positive 23 order current and measuring the electric force different in some way of the point of common part joining PCC the network impedances 3 could be put a value on with the recurrence relations In addition a fiction story way based on LCL apparatus for making liquid clean which uses the resonance 28 representative and needs no in addition apparatuses was made an offer recently 26 While DGs have helped from some of these active 19 methods such active 19 methods have not thought out as the network impedance 1 unbalanced condition in detail which limits these moves near use On the special event that the renewable sources 13 or nearby amounts on the three network sides (of a question) are not the same the network impedances 3 would be un balanced probably Moreover when the power system coming short of one's hopes on the three phase network are not be equal such as single phase break the equal impedances 3 are not be equal as well If power system error happens and the islanding place, position is not sensed rapidly the system of care for trade apparatus may not do and the network electric force and number of times would be labile in addition the power line support workers safety can not be was responsible for The unbalanced islanding conditions rightly would to be thought out as particularly On the unbalanced condition the harmonic electric force needing payment to the balanced harmonic current is unbalanced which may act on the answers by mathematics precision 29 and lead to the islanding discovery unsuccessful person as an outcome of that a new active 19 way is needed that would work safely under both the network impedances 3 balanced and unbalanced conditions There are two moves near to do islanding discovery one is using power changer itself to put the harmonic current This way is mainly sent in name for in the low power and middle power changers The another move near is using a special small power islanding discovery apparatus to put harmonic current and act in united condition with power changers This move near is commonly used in the greatly sized power photovoltaic 15 power stations or greatly sized power changers In greatly sized power applications the putting electric light on fre quency of greatly sized power changers is low Their one of a number and control precision 29 is not enough for islanding discovery given the above a small power islanding discovery apparatus is useful and simple, not hard to give effect to This paper presents an active 19 islanding discovery way for DR units The presented way is based on injecting two not representative harmonic currents through the current controller and measuring the being like (in some way) harmonic electric force at PCC of the DR units discovery and quantification of the PCC harmonic electric force is gave effect to by a signal 30 processing move near which provides high degree of power against danger to noise and thus break the equal impedances 1 are not be equal as well If power system error happens and the islanding place, position is not sensed rapidly the system of care for trade apparatus may not do and the network electric force and number of times would be labile in addition the power line support workers safety can not be was responsible for The unbalanced islanding conditions rightly would to be thought out as particularly On the unbalanced condition the harmonic electric force needing payment to the balanced harmonic current is unbalanced which may act on the answers by mathematics precision and lead to the islanding discovery unsuccessful person as an outcome of that a new action-bound way is needed that would work safely under both the network impedances 1 balanced and unbalanced conditions There are two moves near to do islanding discovery one is using power changer itself to put the harmonic current This way is mainly sent in name for in the low power and middle power changers The another move near is using a special small power islanding discovery apparatus to put harmonic current and act in united condition with power changers This move near is commonly used in the greatly sized power photovoltaic 2 power stations or greatly sized power changers In greatly sized power applications the putting electric light on fre quency of greatly sized power changers is low Their one of a number and control precision is not enough for islanding discovery given the above a small power islanding discovery apparatus is useful and simple, not hard to give effect to This paper presents an action-bound islanding discovery way for DR units The presented way is based on injecting two not representative harmonic currents through the current controller and measuring the being like (in some way) harmonic electric force at PCC of the DR units discovery and quantification of the PCC harmonic electric force is gave effect to by a signal 3 processing move near which provides high degree of power against danger to noise and thus make able small harmonic current injection for islanding discovery operation of the put forward islanding discovery way is valued based on time lands ruled over simulation 4 in the MATLAB SIMULINK envi ronment and experiments 5 under the network balance and balance shortage condition In the testing process a person low power three phase inverter is sent V.Malli Karjuna Reddy, IJRIT

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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014, Pg. 62-67 in name for to put the harmonic current in tently and the islanding discovery Algorithm 6 is operated in the microcontroller 7 of the inverter made a comparison with the network and DR units the put harmonic current is very small and the power level of the discovery apparatus is very small enough giving thought to as that the put current is Inter harmonic the Total harmonic distortion THD doesn t increase and the force of meeting blow caused by the changer is able to be unimportant using the presented way based on two not representative harmonic currents injection most of is landing states can be sensed quickly under all kind of true to like scenarios But it s also value pointing out that the impedance 8 discovery having no error is in comparison with to the put current quality and the measurement precision The work-room results giving an idea of that the made an offer way is possible The rest of this paper is put into order as follows Section II presents the equal design to be copied of three phase network and the doing a play of the network impedance 8 discovery way based on single harmonic injection In addition the reason of discovery unsuccessful person under the network impedance 8 unbalanced condition is ar gued in detail The writer made an offer a made an adjustment network impedance 8 discovery way based on dual number of times harmonic current injection in Section III The computational process is intro duced and the doing a play is got broken up (into simpler parts) as well simulations 9 and experiment 10 results in Section IV play or amusement the doing a play com parisons between the made an adjustment way and the limited by agreement one at last some opinions by reasoning are outlined in Section v 11 II operation observations OF impedance 8 discovery way UNDER network impedance 8 unbalanced CONDITION In general the amount connected to three sides (of a question) of the network is different which leads the network to be unbalanced What s more in our time many made distribution generators have become connected with the network This would make the impedance 8 representative more complex and might as well make greater the network asymmetry 12 Even though the network measured in volts are balanced the impedances 1 asymmetry 12 can not be not taken into account In single phase network only one impedance 8 needs to be measured While in three phase network there are three impedances 1 to be measured which make the computation 13 more complex A equal design to be copied of impedance 8 discovery System The three phase network impedance 8 discovery way of doing is an unchanging state way of doing that injects an unchanging harmonic current into the network and record the electric force change move of PCC outcomes are processed with the help of a Fourier observations at the one put harmonic In this way the way has the complete control of the put current and the get loss back in law of the harmonic current and electric force The answers by mathematics gets back only at the special Fourier terms that give the last results trick sidering that there is hardly any not representative harmonic part in PCC electric force injecting the not representative current and sensing the impedance 8 on the not representative number of times is a reasonable way The discovery way of three phase impedances 1 is given view in Fig 1 The put harmonic currents can be equal with three current starting points and are the network impedances 1 values part of a greater unit is used to measure the network impedances 1 in harmony with to the different number of times the discovery way taken by electric current is able to be separated into deep equal way taken by electric current and not representative equal way taken by electric current The equal way taken by electric current on the not representative number of times is given view in Fig 2 where and are the network impedances 1 values and are put three phase balanced current starting points The not representative parts of the network measured in volts and currents could be got with DFT acting wisely Fourier Trans former The DFT operation provides harmonic measured in volts inductances are able to get changed to other form the electric apparatus number of times har monic current The parameters 14 of the system used to put the harmonic currents and work out the network impedances 1 are made clear in Table I A simulations 9 The single current shut circle control secret design is used in this experiment 10 system As the number of times of the put current is not the same with that of the deep electric force the network electric force get food to forward control is outlined into the control diagram 15 to remove the Inter ference of the

Simulation fig

V.Malli Karjuna Reddy, IJRIT

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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014, Pg. 62-67

Control diagram

Simulation results: (a) Grid voltages, (b) Grid Currents (c) Unbalancedload currents, (d) Inverter Currents

Simulation results: (a) Grid voltages, (b) Grid Currents (c) Unbalancedload currents, (d) Inverter Currents

Conclusion reasoned opinion An impedance 1 discovery way based on dual-frequency harmonic current injection for islanding discovery has been presented in this work. The analysis 2 of the islanding discovery way based on single harmonic injection makes clear by reasoning that under the impedance 1 unbalanced condition, the harmonic voltage 3 caused by the put harmonic current are asymmetric, which leads to the impedance 1 discovery wrongness and even the unsuccessful person of islanding. The made an adjustment move near based on dual-frequency harmonic current injection is injecting 75 Hz 4 and 125 Hz 4 like in size harmonic currents 5 with current controller and Computing 6 the grid 7 impedances 8 with the har- monic current and voltage 3 information 9 achieved by DFT from the put currents 5 and grid 7 voltage 3. Although the harmonic measured in volts are still asymmetric 10, the asymmetry 11 of grid 7 impedance 1 is able to be represented by opposite in comparison the different frequency 12 harmonic measured in volts. All three-phase 13 grid 7 impedances 8 can be sensed accurately 14 by this made an adjustment way whenever the grid 7 impedances 8 are balanced or not, which means that the made an adjustment way is right for anti-islanding discovery by the photovoltaic 15 generators or power stations in the use grid 7. In addition, the doing a play and putting into effect steps are introduced in detail. The impedance 1 discovery accuracy 16 is in comparison with to the put current quality and the measurement precision 17. Despite of a little increscent thing needed of the discovery precision 17, making a comparison with the limited by agreement way, no in addition discovery apparatuses are need in the made an adjustment way. The computational complex conditions of the two methods are similar 18 and the discovery times are the same. At last, the simulation 19 and experiment 20 results proved that the made an offer way is an effective 21 way right for three-phase 13 grid-connected changers.

V.Malli Karjuna Reddy, IJRIT

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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014, Pg. 62-67

Bibilography

name - V.malli karjuna reddy, m.tech (electrical power systems)2014 ,chaitanya bharathi institute of science and technology,vidya nagar,proddatur, under jntu ananthapur,b.tech(electrical electronics engeneering) 2012,vaishnavi institute of science and technology,tirupati,under jntu ananthapur

Guide

y.dinesh kumar reddy m.tech--(power electronics),2011,svcet,chittor, under jntuabtech--(eee) intitute of tech,udayagiri,under jntu ananthapur

2009,mekapati rajamohan reddy

coordinator

y.praveen kumar reddy,m.tech--(powerelectronics),2008,Griet,hyd, under jntua btech--(eee) tech&sci,proddatur,under jntu ananthapur exp-6 years

2006

vaagdevi institute of

REFERENCES [1] Y. Mohamed and E. F. El-Saadany, “Adaptive decentralized droop controller to preserve power sharing stability of paralleled inverters in distributed generation microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2806–2816, Nov. 2008. [2] W. Xiaoyu and W. Freitas, “Influence of voltage positive feedback anti-islanding scheme on inverter-based distributed generator sta- bility,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 972–973, Apr. 2009. [3] H. Karimi, H. Nikkhajoei, and R. Iravani, “Control of an electronically- coupled distributed resource unit subsequent to an islanding event,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 493–501, Jan. 2008.

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IJRIT International Journal of Research in Information Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2014, Pg. 62-67 [4] M. P. Kazmierkowski, M. Jasinski, and G. Wrona, “DSP-based control of grid-connected power converters operating under grid distortions,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 204–211, May 2011. [5] IEEE Recommended Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, IEEE Std 929-2000, 2000. [6] IEEE Guide for Interfacing Dispersed Storage and Generation Facil- ities With Electric Utility Systems, ANSI/IEEE Std 10011988, 1989. [7] F. Katiraei, M. R. Iravani, and P. W. Lehn, “Micro-grid autonomous operation during and subsequent to islanding process,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 248–257, Jan. 2005. [8] M. E. Ropp, K. Aaker, J. Haigh, and N. Sabbah, “Using power line carrier communications to prevent islanding of PV power systems,” in Proc. IEEE Conf. Rec. 28th Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., Sep. 2000, pp. 1675–1678. [9] A. Ghaderi and M. Kalantar, “Investigation of influential factors on passive islanding detection methods of inverter based distributed gen- eration,” in Proc. 2nd Power Electronics, Drive Systems and Technolo- gies Conf., Feb. 2011, pp. 217–222. [10] W. K. A. Najy, H. H. Zeineldin, A. H. K. Alaboudy, and W. L. Woon, “A Bayesian passive islanding detection method for inverter-based dis- tributed generation using ESPRIT,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2687–2696, Oct. 2011.

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