Harnessing the Power of Web 2.0: Combining SoftChalk and Free Digital Technologies to Enhance Learning Landscapes Document to Accompany SoftChalk Webinar Feb 2011 By Dr. James S. May
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Table of Contents Harnessing the Power of Web 2.0: ............................................................................................................... 1 Hello and Welcome ................................................................................................................................... 4 Content Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Learning Outcomes ................................................................................................................................... 4 Rules of the Game ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Guest Book and Introductory Questions .................................................................................................. 5 Widgets, Mashups, and Embed Code Oh My! .............................................................................................. 6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Vocabulary Refresher ................................................................................................................................ 6 The Least You Need to Know! ................................................................................................................... 6 HTML ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 WYSIWYG .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Widget ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Mashup ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Embed Code .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Corpus Linguistics: Helping You Help Students ............................................................................................ 8 What Is Corpus Linguistics? ...................................................................................................................... 8 Why Should I Care? ................................................................................................................................... 9 2570 = 6000 .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Digital Corpora ............................................................................................................................................ 11 How Will It Help Me? .................................................................................................................................. 11 Which Vocab Do I Define? ...................................................................................................................... 11 Comparing Two Methods ....................................................................................................................... 12 Please Note! ........................................................................................................................................ 12 How to Use Digital Corpora .................................................................................................................... 13 How to Insert Text Poppers .................................................................................................................... 13 ScreenJelly ................................................................................................................................................... 14 How to Use ScreenJelly ........................................................................................................................... 14 ScreenJelly Extras .................................................................................................................................... 14 Give It a Try ............................................................................................................................................. 14 ScreenJelly Embed Code ......................................................................................................................... 14 2
Prezi............................................................................................................................................................. 15 What Is Prezi? ......................................................................................................................................... 15 How I Use Prezi ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Introductory Training Videos .................................................................................................................. 15 Step‐by‐Step Tutorial on Prezi Basics.................................................................................................. 15 Why the Best Prezis Use Grouping & Layering ................................................................................... 15 Quick Tips on Presenting & Publishing in Prezi ................................................................................... 15 YouTube ...................................................................................................................................................... 17 How I Use YouTube ................................................................................................................................. 17 VoiceThread ................................................................................................................................................ 18 What Is a VoiceThread? .......................................................................................................................... 18 Learn More about VoiceThread .............................................................................................................. 18 Google Docs ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Understanding the Concept .................................................................................................................... 19 New Features in Google Docs ................................................................................................................. 19 Understanding Google Forms ................................................................................................................. 19 More Ideas on Google Docs & Forms ..................................................................................................... 19 Poll Everywhere .......................................................................................................................................... 20 How Does It Work? ................................................................................................................................. 20 Teach Me Ask Me ........................................................................................................................................ 21 .................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Works Cited ................................................................................................................................................. 22
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Hello o and W Welcome My name n is Jamees May, and I am a Profeessor of Engglish as a Second S Langguage at Vallencia Collegge in Orlanddo, Florid da. In my fieeld, my interrest in Compputer Assisteed Lang guage Learniing (CALL) has allowedd me to learnn quite a few Teachher Tricks ovver the past decade or soo. Durin ng the past 5 years, I havve been creaating faculty devellopment conntent and preesenting and consulting oon how best b to use W Web 2.0 applications in ccollege classrrooms. The content c in thhis lesson waas originally designed for my video o blog TeachherTricks.orgg and then coonverted into SoftC Chalk formatt as follow-uup support foor a webinarr I gave for the SoftC Chalk company in Februuary of 20111. I hope you enjoy thhe followingg Teacher Trricks. Pleasee interaact with the eembedded ccontent in thiis course. I w will be utiilizing the innformation yyou provide in the surveyys and quizzes, q and tracking thee questions yyou ask so thhat I can im mprove the w ways I help teachers learrn these new w techn niques. For aadditional infformation, oor if you wouuld like to share som me of your triicks with mee, please visiit my video o blog at TeaacherTricks.oorg.
Conteent Overrview This lesson showcasees a variety of o Web 2.0 applications a that can be used to enhaance digital content offered o in So oftChalk. Theese applicatiions include Digital Corrpora, ScreennJelly, Prezi, Youtube,, Voicethreaad, Google Docs, D & Poll Anywhere. Feel free to follow the ccontent lock step or move at your own n pace to the applicationss most intereesting you. H However, I ddo recommennd that you understand u a few key co oncepts (i.e Widgets, W Maashups, Embbed Code, & Digital Corppora) before yo ou begin play ying with th he new trickss. Therefore, the followinng two pages of this lessson were designed to refrresh your kn nowledge of these conceppts.
Learn ning Outcomes Upon com mpletion of the lesson, participants p will w be able to…
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Recognize R an nd employ vo ocabulary sp pecific to maashing-up coontent and em mbedding teechnology Utilize U a vocaabulary profi filer to identiify problemaatic vocabulaary in SoftChhalk lessonss Employ E SoftC Chalk's anno otated text po opping capabbilities to gloss problem matic vocabullary Recognize R a variety v of freee and easy to t use Web 22.0 applicatiions Discuss D the benefits of em mbedding freee Web 2.0 aapplications in SoftChallk Locate L and uttilize embed d code to emb bed various applicationss into new orr existing SoftChalk lesssons
Rules of the Game G Feel free to utilize th his lesson and d share the liink with wh omever youu see fit, but pplease do noot copy, mirrror, or host this contentt without my y permissionn. As you go through the content, youu may be asked a a few questions. q I would w greatlly appreciatee it if you woould interactt with the coontent as you go o through thee course. Wh hy? Well, firrst off, interaaction is a keey to enhanccing your learning, but I will allso be using the answers from the em mbedded surrveys to folloow up on how w effective this contentt has been fo or you. Also,, as you go thhrough the ccontent you w will more thhan likely hav ve a variety of great ideaas for how to o use these nnew technoloogies; you m may also have a bunch off questions. At A the bottom m of each paage you will notice a Teaach Me; Askk Me button like the one below. b If you u have a thou ught or a queestion while interacting w with the conntent, click oon this butto on, and it willl take you to o a survey so o that you caan Teach Mee your idea oor Ask Me yyour question.. I sincerely look forward d to your feeedback, ideaas, and questionss.
Guestt Book and a Intrroductorry Questions In additio on to being an a example of o a mashup, the Googlee Docs surveey below servves as a guestboo ok and a back kground kno owledge surv vey so that I can know soome generall informationn about tho ose who are using u this co ontent. You are a in no waay required tto answer anny of the following g questions. However, iff you would like to contrribute and heelp me to im mprove the content I teach, pleasse answer thee questions. If you woulld like me too notify you oof new trickks as I find them m, include yo our email and I will put you y on my qquarterly upddate list. Don n't forget too click sub bmit at the end e of the su urvey! Link to the t Survey
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Widg gets, Mashup M ps, and Emb bed C Code Oh h My!! Introd duction New tech hnology is grreat, but with h it comes th he inevitablee addition off new vocabuulary. For example,, how familiaar are you with w the terms HTML, W WYSIWYG, W Widget, Masshup, and Em mbed Code. Diid I hear an Uh-oh U or an Oh-No? Do on't worry! S urprisingly, these conceepts are not aas difficult as a you migh ht assume, an nd once you have an undderlying know wledge of thhe concepts, you can begin n to put them m together to o develop som me really am mazing conteent. The videeo below waas designed d to refresh your y knowled dge of this key k vocabulaary. I recomm mend you waatch the videeo, read thro ough the "Wh hat You Neeed to Know" section, andd take the self-quiz.
Vocab bulary Refreshe R er Don't Fo orget: by clicking on thee expand buttton, you cann toggle betw ween small aand full screeen mode. Th he expand bu utton is high hligted in yelllow in this ppicture andd is located aat the bottom riight of a You uTube Video o. Link to the t Video
The Least L Yo ou Need to Know w! HTM ML – this is the code behhind what yoou see on thee web. The aacronym stannds for Hypeer Text Markup M Language, and it i has been deemed d the ""Lingua Frannca" for conttent publisheed to the weeb.
WYS SIWYG – (pronounced ( d: wizzywig) this is an accronym for ""What You S See Is What You Get." For examplee, SoftChalk k is a powerfful WYSIWY YG editor. Y You type in yyour contentt into sometthing that loo oks like a Word W editor and somehow w, magicallyy, "What Youu See" in thee word editor is tran nslated into "What " You Get" G in a weebsite or learrning module that you caan share online with your studen nts.
Widg get – this is a small appllication that can be instaalled in a webb page and iinteracted wiith by som meone surfin ng the site. Related R term ms include poortlet, gadgett, badge, moodule, capsulle, or snippeet. Widgets often o take th he form of on n-screen too ls (clocks, event countdoowns, auctioontickerrs, stock marrket tickers, flight f arrivall informationn, daily weatther etc.) Chhances are, iff you have recently r surffed the web or o checked your y Faceboook account, you have innteracted withh a widgeet.
Mash hup – this iss exactly whhat you mighht think it is. When you ccombine twoo or more techno ologies togetther to create new conten nt, you are ""Mashing Upp" your conttent. For 6
examp ple, on the fiirst page of this t lesson, I combined a Google Doocs Survey w with this SoftC Chalk lesson. That was a mashup. Th he YouTube vvideo on thiis page is alsso a mashup of YouT Tube and SofftChalk. Wheen you find cool c Web 2. 0 technologies and utilizze them simulttaneously with other con ntent, you arre making a m mashup.
Embed Code – this is the HTML H tag/co ode that allow ws you to m mashup conteent or add widgeets to your co ontent. Mostt Web 2.0 sittes share thiss code with you so that yyou can easiily place their conten nt inside of your y page. Alll of the Freee Web 2.0 reesources I w will demonstrrate in the showcase arre embedded d into SoftCh halk using thhis code. Thhe good newss is that you don't have h to know w the code to o use it; you u just have too be able to ccut and pastee.
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Corpus Linguistics: Helping You Help Students This page was designed to introduce you to corpus linguistics and explain why you will want to use SoftChalk in combination with free resources located on corpus-based websites to enhance the learning materials that you develop for your students. On the next page there are specific video instructions on how to use corpora. However, prior to watching the instructional videos, it is recommended that you learn a little about the topic; to begin, let's start with a question. Feel free to use the "View Hint" button if you would like. Quiz Popper How many words are there in the English language? A.
86,741
B.
Approximately a quarter million
C.
Approximately three-quarters of a million
D.
Who knows?
The best answer is probably D; although if you search the Internet for answers, you might find A, B, and C. The people at the Oxford English Dictionary suggest that “there are, at the very least, a quarter of a million distinct English words… and if distinct senses are added, then the number of words approaches three-quarters of a million”. Of course, they also do a great job of explaining why it is so “Dog-gone” difficult to arrive at an exact number. Is dog one word or two (a noun meaning 'a kind of animal', and a verb meaning 'to follow persistently')? If we count it as two, then do we count inflections separately too (e.g. dogs = plural noun, dogs = present tense of the verb). Is dog-tired a word, or just two other words joined together? Is hot dog really two words, since it might also be written as hot-dog or even hotdog? (“How many words”)
What Is Corpus Linguistics? Well, most people know that linguistics is the study of language; the word corpus, on the other hand, might be slightly more unfamiliar. However, if I mentioned Corpus Christi, Texas, you might be able to hazard a guess. If I asked you to think about what is always found in the first five minutes of any CSI Miami episode (i.e. The body - a.k.a. the corpse), you would probably assume that corpus linguistics means "body linguistics", which probably doesn't help much… However, if you think of all of the written words of English as a body of text that can be researched, things should start to make sense. And with the help of computers, we can now compile and analyze vast bodies of text. The Corpus of Contemporary American English 8
(COCA) is the largest freely-available corpus of American English. It was created by Mark Davies of Brigham Young University in 2008. "It contains more than 410 million words of text and is equally divided among spoken, fiction, popular magazines, newspapers, and academic texts" (Davies).
Why Should I Care? Well, long story short, thanks to corpus linguists like Paul Nation and Tom Cobb, we not only have more precise information about the number of words in our language, but we also know that we really don't need to know all of these words to be effective readers. For example, did you know that 90% of the vocabulary in an average academic text can be accounted for with knowledge of only 2,570 words, affectionately known as the first-thousand ( K1), secondthousand ( K2), and Academic Word List (AWL). In fact, on Tom Cobb's website (housed at the University of Quebec at Montreal) teachers can freely utilize a vocabulary profiler that identifies this key vocabulary. But mashing-up this resource with the annotated text popping capabilities of SoftChalk is the real reason why you need to know about corpus linguistics.
2570 = 6000 What if you were studying a second language and someone told you that you that there were two techniques for acquiring 90% of the words you read? The first had you study and learn 2570 words, and the second had you study and learn 6000 words. Which would you pick? Obviously, you would choose to study the shorter list. Research in corpus linguistics has revealed that the number of words you learn is not necessarily as important as which words you learn. This is critically important information for second language learners. However, if you think about it, a large percentage of community college students are developmental readers, and to them the vocabulary in academic texts is much like a foreign language; these students are often unfamiliar with the contexts and meanings of academic and genre specific words. So, to level the playing field for your developmental readers, it would be nice if you could add context and meaning to difficult words. However, how do you know what words will be difficult or tricky for your students? That is where vocab profiling comes in. In the video on the next page, you will learn how to profile vocabulary so that you can identify and later gloss key vocabulary that may cause problems for your students.
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Digital Corpora How Will It Help Me? For many of us, we are accustomed to using context specific vocabulary (jargon) related to the fields we teach. We acknowledge that at some point in our history we had to learn new terms, but the how and when are gone and now we just know that we know. It isn't until we start studying a different field from what we are experienced in that we begin to see the true importance of Glossed Vocabulary (Be sure to roll your mouse over this word). For example, if you are an education major, you might be used to discussing "the need for formative assessment techniques geared towards cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains." If you are an applied linguist, you might discuss "communication breakdowns as a result of epenthesis, be it through excrescence or anaptyxis" However, since some of you don't come from these fields, it would have been nice if I had glossed that vocabulary. Simply put, digital corpora can help you identify what vocabulary to define.
Which Vocab Do I Define? Below you will see paragraphs borrowed from two sample lessons found on SoftChalk's Sample Lesson Page. The first example comes from the first page of Eye Anatomy - A guide to the Human Eye The second comes from the first page of All About Hurricanes... Quickly Scan the Text and answer the question that follows! Eye Anatomy - A guide to the Human Eye The eye is a complex optical system - very similar to a camera. Vision begins when light enters the eye through the cornea, a powerful focusing surface. From there, it travels through clear aqueous fluid, and passes through a small aperture called the pupil. As muscles in the iris relax or constrict, the pupil changes size to adjust the amount of light entering the eye. Light rays are focused through the lens, and proceed through a clear jelly-like substance in the center of the eye called vitreous, which gives it form and shape. When light rays finally land on the retina , the part of the eye similar to film in a camera, they form an upside-down image. The retina converts the image into an electrical impulse that travels along the optic nerve to the brain, where it is interpreted as an upright image. All about Hurricanes... A hurricane is a severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea or eastern regions of the Pacific Ocean, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually involving heavy rains. Hurricanes have a wind speed greater than 74 miles (119 kilometers) per hour, according to the Beaufort scale.
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The ingredients for a hurricane include a pre-existing weather disturbance, warm tropical oceans, moisture, and relatively light winds aloft. If the right conditions persist long enough, they can combine to produce the violent winds, incredible waves, torrential rains, and floods we associate with this phenomenon. If this was your content, how would you pick the words that need to be glossed for students? Many of us would read through and go with our gut, but there are some issues with that:
Our gut is no longer the same as it was when we were developing students (i.e. we have an educational bias that prevents us from seeing things from a student perspective) If there is a lot of content to check, this could take a very long time.
Comparing Two Methods What follows is a comparison of words identified for gloss by a content developer and words identified for gloss by a corpus. Which would you recommend for your students? Especially given that research from the Achieving the Dream: Community Colleges Count initiative indicates that "nearly 60 percent of students take at least one developmental education course during their community college career. While high, this proportion still underestimates the number of students arriving at community colleges with weak academic skills."
Please Note!
Words in blue indicate the original text poppers inserted by the content developers Words in red indicate off list words identified by a corpus (i.e. additional vocabulary that could be enhanced for developing readers)
Eye Anatomy - A guide to the Human Eye The eye is a complex optical system - very similar to a camera. Vision begins when light enters the eye through the cornea, a powerful focusing surface. From there, it travels through clear aqueous fluid, and passes through a small aperture called the pupil. As muscles in the iris relax or constrict, the pupil changes size to adjust the amount of light entering the eye. Light rays are focused through the lens, and proceed through a clear jelly-like substance in the center of the eye called vitreous, which gives it form and shape. When light rays finally land on the retina, the part of the eye similar to film in a camera, they form an upside-down image. The retina converts the image into an electrical impulse that travels along the optic nerve to the brain, where it is interpreted as an upright image. All about Hurricanes... A hurricane is a severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea or eastern regions of the Pacific Ocean, traveling north, northwest, or 12
northeastt from its point of origin n, and usually y involving hheavy rains. Hurricanes have a windd speed greeater than 74 4 miles (119 kilometers) per hour, acccording to tthe Beaufort scale. The ingreedients for a hurricane in nclude a pre--existing weeather disturbbance, warm m tropical oceans, moisture, and relativeely light win nds aloft. If the t right connditions perssist long enoough, they caan combine to produce the t violent winds, w incred dible waves, torrential rrains, and flooods we associatee with this ph henomenon.
How to t Use Digital D Corpora C a Click Heere for the Link
How to t Inserrt Text Poppers P Click Heere for the Liink
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ScreeenJellly How to t Use ScreenJe S elly Click Heere for the Liink
ScreenJelly Extras E Another cool feature of ScreenJeelly is that yo ou can embeed not only thhe video scrreencasts youu make, bu ut you can acctually embeed the prograam itself intoo content youu develop. Y You can easily insert thee program ass a widget in nto SoftChalk k, a discussioon board in your course managemennt system, or o even into a blog post. This is greaat because onnce students know what it is, they caan begin maaking and sharing their own o screencaasts from within your coontent. This ccan be a greaat tool for students s to taake video no otes of what they t are studdying. They can make thhe notes and Facebook k, email, or tweet t them to t themselvees or others.
Give It I a Try y Below yo ou will see a link to ScreeenJelly that says "Add a ScreenJellyy;" click on this button aand make a screencast an nd send it to yourself or someone s else. Notice: It is possiible that if yo ou are using Chrome as your browseer that there may be difficu ulty loading the widget. I had trouble getting it tto run in Chrrome. However, In my teests, it did work great in i Firefox, In nternet Explorer and Saffari. Link Not A Available: See e Embed Code e Below
ScreenJelly Embed E Code C If you lik ked that and are interesteed in embedd ding ScreenJJelly in yourr own contennt, here is thee embed co ode. Just cop py and paste the code below and addd it as a widgget in SoftChhalk. >
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Prezi What Is Prezi? Prezi is a new way of presenting information that will quite possibly change the way you teach. I like the way the people at Prezi describe themselves. "Presentations have not evolved much in the 50 years since the slide was invented, but Prezi is changing that. Prezi lets you bring your ideas into one space and see how they relate, helping you and your audience connect. Zoom out to see the big picture and zoom in to see details — a bit like web-based maps that have changed how we navigate through map books." Now, you really can't appreciate Prezi, until you see it in action. Below you will see a short video introduction to Prezi followed by some introductory training videos. I recommend you watch through the videos and if you think Prezi is for you, go ahead and get yourself a free account and start playing. Mashup Idea - Once you have learned Prezi and ScreenCasting, you can make your own video demonstrations, record a Prezi along with your voice using ScreenJelly and then embed that in a SoftChalk module for your students to view. You can essentially become your own productions studio.
How I Use Prezi Below is a sample Prezi that I developed as part of an in class reading assignment I did with my students this week for Valentine's Day. Click Here for the Link
Introductory Training Videos Step-by-Step Tutorial on Prezi Basics Click Here for the Link
Why the Best Prezis Use Grouping & Layering Click Here for the Link
Quick Tips on Presenting & Publishing in Prezi 15
Click Heere for the Liink
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Yo ouTubee Chances are, if you are a using SofftChalk, you u know aboutt the power of YouTubee. Today, teachers and studentss can make videos v with their t cell phoones and com mputers andd immediately send them m to YouTub be where thee rest of the world w can w watch them. IIf you ever w want to learnn how to do som mething, don n't Google it,, YouTube itt! The answeer is probablly there in viideo format. (and of coursee, Google no ow owns You uTube) Belo ow is a brief video explaaining some oof the ways I use YouTubee. The end of this short video v explain ns how to geet and embedd YouTube vvideos in Softchalk k. If you und derstand how w to get and use u embed ccode, then thhe sky is the limit. Enjoyy!!!
How I Use Yo ouTube Click Heere for the Liink
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VoicceThreead If you lik ke using disccussion board ds, you will absolutely llove this Free Web 2.0 aapplication. Imagine a discussion n board that allows a for assynchronouss video postiing of responnses and alsoo keeps all of the conteent (includin ng responses and edits too the content)) in one spott for you andd your stud dents to acceess. Watch th he video and d then check out the hypeerlinked conntent overvieew below.
Whatt Is a Vo oiceThreead? Click Heere for the Liink
Learn n More about a VoiceThr V read The linkss in the imag ge below aree active, simp ply roll overr the hotspots and click w when the hannd appears. When you click c on the link, l and a neew page/tab will open w with the content you are looking for. f Feel freee to explore. Click Heere for the Liink
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Goog gle Doocs Underrstandin ng the Concept C My assum mption is thaat everyone reading r this knows abouut Google, buut you may hhave never hheard of Googlle Docs? How wever, if you u have been interacting with the conntent within this course, you have alreeady been intteracting witth Google Docs D withoutt even knowiing it. (The ssurveys you have been takiing were created in Goog gle Forms an nd they repoort the data yyou enter to sspreadsheetss in my Goog gle Docs acccount. Check k out this vid deo to get a bbetter undersstanding of tthe concept "Google Docs in Plaiin English" made m by its developers. Click Heere for the Liink
New Features F s in Goo ogle Doccs In additio on to being free, f anotherr benefit of Google G Docss is that the ccompany conntinues to uppdate and imprrove on the technology. Moreover, M ev verything yoou create in Google Doccs is stored inn a cloud. In n other wordss, it is stored d on Google’’s Servers soo you can acccess it from anywhere. Click Heere for the Liink
Underrstandin ng Goog gle Form ms Google forms f are a great g way to manage form mative assesssment. If yoou are familiar with Classroom m Assessmeent Techniqu ues (CAT's), see Angelo and Cross ((1993), then you will lovve this updaate. Instead of o giving a one-minute paper p or mudddiest point aassignment, give them a one minute su urvey, or a muddiest m poiint digital su urvey. Studennts will be abble to enter ttheir answerrs through their t phones or over the Internet, and d Google Doocs will orgaanize the respponses for yyou into one document. Itt is great forr research. Click Heere for the Liink
Moree Ideas on o Goog gle Docs & Form ms Click Heere for the Liink
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Poll Everywhere You have probably heard of classroom clicker systems. Some of these classroom systems cost more than $2000 dollars a set. Well, Polly Everywhere is a free Web2.0 application that allows you to embed classroom clicker systems into your SoftChalk content and classroom presentations for free because students already own the clickers (i.e. smartphones and computers). PollEverywhere explains it like this: "On the surface, Poll Everywhere is a simple text message voting application that works well for live audiences. People vote by sending text messages (or using Twitter) to options displayed on-screen. The poll that is embedded within the presentation or web page will update in real time. Advanced uses include texting comments to a presentation, texting questions to a presenter, web voting, and SMS interactivity in print, radio, and TV" (PollEverywhere).
How Does It Work? Click Here for the Link
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Teacch Me Ask Me M Click here or the im mage for thee link!
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Works Cited Angelo, T.A. & Cross, P.K. (1993). Classroom Assessment Techniques(2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cobb, Tom. "Why & How to Use Frequency Lists to Learn Words." Compleat Lexical Tutor. Web. 28 Jan. 2011. . Davies, Mark. "Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA)." CORPORA: 45-400 Million Words Each: Free Online Access. Web. 28 Jan. 2011. . "How Many Words Are There in the English Language?" Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Web. 28 Jan. 2011. . Nation, Paul. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New York: Newbury House, 1990. Print Nation, Paul. Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. New York: Cambridge UP, 2001. Print
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