HISTORY OF BASKETBALL

ORIGIN  Invented in December 1981  By James Naismith

 Springfield, Massachusetts  Indoor Winter Game

THE BEGINNING GAME  Included elements of Football, Soccer and Hockey  First ball used was a soccer ball

 Teams had 9 players  Goal was wooded peach basket affixed to walls

EARLY BASKETBALL  Teams of 5 became standard in 1897-1898  A number of colleges adopted the game between 1893-1895

 First college game was played in Madison Square Garden in New York City in 1934  By 1950’s Basketball was a major college sport

PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL LEAGUES  First Pro league was in 1898  Formed to protect players

 League only lasted 5 years  1949 the National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed  This league was a combination of 2 smaller leagues the National Basketball League (1937) and the Basketball Association of America

(1946).

FIRST BASKETBALL TEAMS  Original Celtics- organized in 1915 in New York City  Traveled the country playing.

 Played almost 150 games a season and dominated basketball until 1936.  Harlem Globetrotters- founded in 1927  Specialized in amusing court antics and ball handling.

FAMOUS PLAYERS  Bill Russell- Boston Celtics  Wilt Chamberlain- Los Angeles Lakers

 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar- Los Angeles Lakers (Sky Hook King)  Larry Bird- Boston Celtics  Magic Johnson- Los Angeles Lakers  Michael Jordan- Chicago Bulls

RESOURCES  Information on the history of basketball was found on: http://library.thinkquest.org/10615/no-

frames/basketball/history.html

Visit this website for more information!

BASKETBALL RULES AND POSITIONS

BASIC RULES  Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. If the offensive team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over the

mid-court line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can no longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.

COURT LAYOUT

GENERAL INFO ON THE GAME 

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is called

the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots, steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds. 

When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a basket, or field

goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is worth one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats involving the number of fouls committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a half. Once that number is reached, then the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live

on the rebound.

GENERAL INFO ON THE GAME  Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is twenty minutes long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six) minute quarters. In the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long. There is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps between quarters are relatively short. If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of various lengths are played until a winner emerges.

 Each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is their scoring basket. At halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one player from either team at center court. A referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off. In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are

other ways for a team to get the ball.  If a team commits a foul or rule violation, the ball will go to the other team.

PERSONAL FOULS Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact. 

Hitting



Pushing



Slapping



Holding



Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an

offensive player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with a

defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.

PERSONAL FOULS  Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in. 

Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and

they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play. 

Inbounds: If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed

upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court. 

One & one: If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the

player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw. 

Ten or more fouls: If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player

receives two free throws.

OTHER FOULS  Charging: An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.  Blocking: Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.  Flagrant foul: Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.  Intentional foul: When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.  Technical foul: Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not involve player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity,

obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.

RULE VIOLATIONS Walking/Traveling: Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.  Carrying/palming: When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.  Double Dribble: Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a double dribble.  Held ball: Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one team or the other on a rotating basis.

RULE VIOLATIONS  Goaltending: If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.

 Backcourt violation: Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds  Time restrictions: A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time frame.

BASKETBALL POSITIONS  Center: Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket.

 Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.

 Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller.

BASKETBALL POSITIONS  Forward: Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas.  Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound.  Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.

BASKETBALL POSITIONS  Guard: These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays.  Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.  Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots,

preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.

CONCLUSION  Basketball is a fun and exciting game!  This is a sport that can be played and appreciated at all ages

 Once this game is learned, the rules are very easy to understand and the game is very fun to participate in.

RESOURCES  Information on basketball rules and positions was found on:

http://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/basics/basics.html

 Visit this website for more information!

BASKETBALL TECHNIQUES

OFFENSES AND DEFENSES There are many different types of offenses and defenses that can be ran in basketball. For this class, we are going to learn how to run an offense when the defenses is covering man to man. And we will learn how to run a man to man defense.

MAN OFFENSE  A great way to get open when a team is playing man to man defense is using screens. We will learn a few different types of screens including the following:  - Down Screen  - Ball Screen  - Back Screen

 - Away Screen

TIPS TO REMEMBER 

Tips for the person setting the screen. (Screener)



Feet should be a little wider than shoulder-width apart. It's very important to have a wide, strong base.



Hands should be crossed across your chest (girls) or protecting your groin area (boys)



The screener needs to be stationary as the screen is set. Otherwise, the screener will be called for a

offensive foul. 

Body should be vertical (should not be leaning forward or backwards).



Square to the defender. The middle of the screener's chest should be in line with the defender's shoulder

and hips. 

After the offensive player has ran off the screen, it is very important to open up to the basketball.

Normally, you will pivot 180 degrees to the basketball. Sometimes, a cut to the basket or away from the basket may be open. Many times, the screener is the person who is open.

TIPS TO REMEMBER 



Tips for the Person receiving the Screen:

Set up the defender - It's very important for the offensive player to set up the screen. First of all, (s)he

needs to wait until the screener is completely set. If (s)he leaves too early while the screener is moving, the screener will get called for an offensive foul. 

Second, it's very good to set up the screen by faking the opposite direction even if it's only a slight head

fake. This will get the defender leaning in the wrong direction and when he explodes the other direction to catch up with you, he'll run hard into the screen. 

Shoulder to Shoulder - When running off the screen, you will need to run shoulder to shoulder. This will

not give the defender any room to get around the screen. It will force him to either trail behind you or plow through the screener for a defensive foul. 

EXPLODE! It's very important for the offensive player to blast off of the screen. This will leave the

defender in the dust and give you much more time to set up for a shot.

DOWN SCREEN  Down Screen - A player runs toward the baseline closest to their basketball goal to set a screen. In the next two diagrams, we have examples of down screens.

 In this diagram, Player 1 starts from the three point line

and runs to the block area to set a down screen for Player 2.

 In this diagram, Player 1 starts from the high post area to set a down screen for Player 2.

BALL SCREEN  Ball Screen - A ball screen is when an offensive player sets a screen for another offensive player who currently has the ball in possession. The only time you will want to set a ball screen is when the offensive player still has his or her dribble.

 In this diagram, Player 1 is at the top of the key and Player 2 runs from the wing to set a ball screen on the defender guarding Player 1

 In this diagram, Player 2 is setting a ball screen on the defender guarding Player 1, except this time he is coming from the high post.

BACK SCREEN  Back Screen - A back pick occurs when the screener sets a screen away from the ball on the defender's back. It may also be called a "Blind Screen" as well. Legally, the screener is suppose to give the defender one step, otherwise, the screener may be called for an offensive foul.

 In this diagram, Player 2 comes from the block area to set a back screen for Player 1 near the three point line.

 In this diagram, Player 2 comes from the block to set a back pick for Player 1 on the wing.

AWAY SCREEN  Away Screen - This is when a player sets a screen away from the ball. This happens when a player passes the ball to a player, then runs away from the ball to set a pick for another offensive player. This can also happen when a player is denied the ball, and he goes away from the ball to free up another offensive player.  In this diagram, Player 2 passes to Player 3 and runs away from the ball to set a screen for Player 1.

RESOURCES  Screening techniques and information came from the website: http://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/articles/basic-basketball-

screens.html

Visit the site for more information!

MAN DEFENSE  Man defense is a great type of defense to run.  It puts one defensive person on every offensive person and can be

very successful.

MAN DEFENSE  On man to man defense, you always want to keep an eye on the person you are covering and where the ball is.

 Another thing to remember is you want to stay between the ball and the person you are covering, that way you can deflect and steal passes.

MAN DEFENSE  Man defense is about speed and work ethic.  You have to be able to work hard to stay with the person you are

covering especially if you get beat out of a screen.

MAN DEFENSE  If you are guarding the guy with the ball You will be right up on him.

Other wise you will be playing between the Man you are covering and the person with The ball as shown in the image.

RESOURCES  Defense techniques and information came from the website: http://www.breakthroughbasketball.com/articles/basic-basketball-

screens.html

 Visit the site for more information!