Plasma target • Pulsed system with no consumables CNS 2013
6
Practical Compressed gas driver • Uses power plant working fluid • Baseline steam, could be CO2 or Helium • Low cost for high energy: <$0.2/J compared to >$2/J for pulsed power
CNS 2013
7
Practical
Thick Lead-Lithium blanket • 300 °C inlet temperature • 550 °C outlet temperature • 2 m3/s flow rate • Neutron flux to structure at 2 MeV and up is 5 orders of magnitude lower than ITER • 4π coverage, n,2n Pb reaction provides tritium breeding ratio of 1.5 CNS 2013
8
Practical
Plasma target • Liquid wall cannot be destroyed • Target is plasma only • Provides a pulsed system with no consumables
CNS 2013
9
Development and Commercialization Technology Development Phases Phase 1
Plasma Injector Heritage Scale comparison of previously constructed CT accelerators With GF’s plasma injector design 1997 1998 1993 1993
CTX
1998 1990
CNS 2013
12
Plasma Injector Design
Power Supply
Diagnostics
•
• • • • • • • •
• •
CNS 2013
2.4 MJ pulse power supply (22 kV formation, 44 kV acceleration) programmable pulse shaping control 1 MW DC stuffing flux power supply
13
Thomson scattering X-ray photo diodes triple Langmuir probe 5 interferometer chords >12 Rogowski coils >50 B-dot probes with in-situ integration high resolution time resolved spectroscopy 1 million frame/second video camera
Largest Plasma Injectors ever built Record spheromak plasma energy (~100 kJ) Plasma temperatures over 200 eV (>2.3M °C) Density of 1016 cm-3
CNS 2013
14
Plasma Acceleration
CNS 2013
15
Plasma Cools Quickly
Plasma rapidly cools when entering pot CNS 2013
16
Plasma Injector: Confinement
CNS 2013
17
Plasma Formation Thomson Scattering Temperature vs. Time after Formation 120
Temperature (eV)
100
2012 2011
80 60 40 20
Magnetic Field (T)
0
Time (µs) CNS 2013
18
Plasma Compression
CNS 2013
• • •
1014 cm-3 40 eV 0.2 T
• • • •
8x1014 cm-3 160 eV 0.8 T Adiabatic!
• • • •
6x1015
Formation
2X Radial Compression
4X Radial Compression
cm-3
3.2 T 200 eV Expect >600 eV, not adiabatic
19
Acoustic Driver
CNS 2013
20
Acoustic Driver Milestones Met Piston Impact Timing Control (5 sequential shots)
Piston Impact Velocity
60
60
Performance Requirement 50
50
40
40
μs 30
m/s 30
20
20
10
10
Performance Requirement 0 Jan-10
Jan-11 HP1
CNS 2013
Jan-12
0 Jan-10
Jan-13
HP3
Jan-11 HP1
21
Jan-12 HP3
Jan-13
Mini-sphere – 14 full scale pistons, liquid metal vortex
CNS 2013
22
Plasma Compression May 2012
CNS 2013
23
PC Small Experiment
Compression time: 65 µs
CNS 2013
24
Redesigned PC Compression Chamber
CNS 2013
25
PC Small Plasma Data
May, 2013 >250 µs lifetime 120 eV from 50 µs to 150 µs
September, 2012 < 75 µs lifetime
CNS 2013
26
PC Small Experiment #2
CNS 2013
27
Objectives for Phase II – Subsystem Development Full Scale Component Development Temperature
Density
Plasma Injector
Lifetime 50 μs Target is 100 μs
Impact Velocity
Impact Timing
Acoustic Driver
Vortex Collapse Spallation issue
Plasma Compression Tests Small Tests
Ongoing
Large Tests
Starting end of 2013
Build Strategic Relationships
Customer / Partner
CNS 2013
Cenovus Energy - Invested 2011
28
Net Gain Possible
The Path Forward Plasma Injector • • • •
Confinement improvement Power increase Increase in magnetic compression Geometry upgrade: efficiency improvement Demonstrate heating beyond 500 eV
Plasma Compression – Small Test • Experimental campaign of 10 or more tests • Power increase Target 10X radial compression, 10 keV
Plasma Compression – Large Test • Experimental campaign of 10 or more tests Validate reactor-scale plasma behavior
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